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1
Sentenac, Flore. "Learning and Algorithms for Online Matching." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAG005.
Abstract:
Cette thèse se concentre principalement sur les problèmes d'appariement en ligne, où des ensembles de ressources sont alloués séquentiellement à des flux de demandes. Nous les traitons à la fois du point de vue de l'apprentissage en ligne et de l'analyse compétitive, toujours lorsqueEn ce qui concerne l'apprentissage en ligne, nous étudions comment la structure spécifique de l'appariement influence l'apprentissage dans la première partie, puis comment les effets de report dans le système affectent ses performances.En ce qui concerne l'analyse compétitive, nous étudions le problème de l'appariement en ligne dans des classes spécifiques de graphes aléatoires, dans un effort pour s'éloigner de l'analyse du pire cas.Enfin, nous explorons la manière dont l'apprentissage peut être exploité dans le problème d'ordonnancement des machinesThis thesis focuses mainly on online matching problems, where sets of resources are sequentially allocated to demand streams. We treat them both from an online learning and a competitive analysis perspective, always in the case when the input is stochastic.On the online learning side, we study how the specific matching structure influences learning in the first part, then how carry-over effects in the system affect its performance.On the competitive analysis side, we study the online matching problem in specific classes of random graphs, in an effort to move away from worst-case analysis.Finally, we explore how learning can be leveraged in the scheduling problem
2
Scetbon, Meyer. "Advances in Optimal Transport : Low-Rank Structures and Applications in Machine Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAG002.
Abstract:
Les progrès récents en matière de matériel informatique, tels que le développement d'accélérateurs hautement parallèles, et la perméabilité croissante entre l'informatique, les statistiques, l'optimisation et les mathématiques appliquées ont donné naissance à une nouvelle génération d'outils capables de résoudre des problèmes d'apprentissage automatique (AA) de plus en plus complexes. Parmi ces nouveaux défis, certains nécessitent la comparaison de nuages de points ou de mesures de probabilité. Le transport optimal (TO) est devenu un outil largement utilisé dans ce contexte en raison de sa capacité à fournir une géométrie naturelle dans l'espace des distributions et à offrir une nouvelle perspective pour traiter les problèmes d'AA lorsqu'ils sont levés dans cet espace. À partir d'une fonction de coût (par exemple, une distance) défini entre les points où sont supportées les mesures, le TO consiste à trouver un couplage entre les deux mesures qui soit optimal par rapport à ce coût. En d'autres termes, le TO étend naturellement le coût entre deux points à coût entre des histogrammes de points, ou des mesures de probabilité, sous la forme d'un problème d'optimisation. De plus, en raison de sa forte composante géométrique, le TO fait l'objet d'une riche théorie mathématique sur laquelle les praticiens peuvent s'appuyer pour construire et étudier leurs modèles.Pourtant, dans leur forme originale, telle qu'elle a été proposée par Kantorovich, les distances de TO ne sont pas bien adaptées aux problèmes appliqués : (i) le calcul du TO entre des mesures discrètes revient à résoudre un programme linéaire coûteux qui requiert une complexité supercubique en le nombre de points; (ii) l'estimation du TO à l'aide de mesures échantillonnées est condamnée par la malédiction de la dimensionnalité, le TO est donc susceptible d'être dépourvue de sens lorsqu'elle est utilisée sur des échantillons provenant de densités en haute dimension. En dépit de ces difficultés, le TO s'est révélée très prometteur dans diverses applications d'AA, et les recherches en cours visent à relever ces défis et à rendre le TO plus accessible et utilisable dans la pratique.La principale approche pour pallier ces problèmes consiste à régulariser le problème d'optimisation en ajoutant un terme d'entropie a l'objectif. En ajoutant de l'entropie, on peut alors résoudre une version régularisée du problème de TO en temps et en mémoire quadratiques à l'aide de l'algorithme de Sinkhorn. De plus, cette régularisation permet d'éviter la malédiction de la dimensionnalité à condition d'avoir ajouté suffisamment d'entropie. Même si la régularisation entropique a amélioré à la fois le coût de calcul et les propriétés statistiques du transport optimal, elle souffre toujours d'une complexité quadratique qui empêche son utilisation pour des applications à grande échelle. Un des principes directeurs de cette thèse est qu'il existe encore de nombreuses opportunités de recherche pour développer de nouveaux outils algorithmiques qui peuvent exploiter ou étendre ce mode de pensée afin de rendre le TO applicable à des problèmes à grande échelle.Cette thèse se compose de deux parties principales. Dans la première partie, nous proposons de nouveaux schémas de régularisation du problème de TO et de sa variante quadratique, à savoir le problème de Gromov-Wasserstein (GW), en considérant des factorisations de bas rang à la fois du coût sous-jacent et du couplage résolvant le problème de TO. Ces nouveaux schémas de calcul ouvrent la voie à l'utilisation du problème TO dans un cadre à grande échelle. Dans la deuxième partie, nous montrons que le TO peut également offrir une nouvelle perspective sur des problèmes d'AA de longue date dès lors qu'ils sont formalisés dans l'espace des distributions. Nous adoptons ce point de vue sur deux problèmes appliqués, à savoir en équité et en robustesse, et proposons de nouvelles approches pour les aborder à l'aide du TORecent advances in hardware, such as the development of highly-parallel accelerators, and the growing permeabilitybetween computer science, statistics, optimization and applied mathematics have brought forward a new generation of tools,capable of addressing increasingly complex machine learning (ML) problems. Among these new challenges, some require the comparison of point clouds or probability measures. Optimal transport (OT) has become a widely used tool in this context due to its ability to provide a natural geometry in the space of distributions and offer a new perspective for dealing with ML problems when lifted into this space. Starting from a cost function (e.g. a distance) on the space on which measures are supported, OT consists in finding a mapping or coupling between both measures that is optimal with respect to that cost. In other words, OT naturally extends the ground cost between two points to a discrepancy function between histograms of points, or probability measures, in the form of an optimization problem. Further, as a consequence of its strong geometric component, OT is the object of a rich mathematical theory regarding its metric and topological properties, on which ML practitioners can rely to build and study their models.Yet, in their original form, as proposed by Kantorovich, OT distances are not well suited for applied problems: (i) computing OT between discrete distributions amounts to solving a large and expensive network flow problem which requires a supercubic complexity; (ii) estimating OT using sampled measures is doomed by the curse of dimensionality: the sample convergence rate of OT is exponentially slow w.r.t. the dimension of the ambient space, therefore OT is likely to be meaningless when used on samples from high-dimensional densities. Despite these challenges, OT has shown great promise in various machine learning applications, and ongoing research is aimed at addressing these challenges and making OT more accessible and usable in practice.The main approach to alleviate these issues consists in regularizing the optimization problem using an entropic regularization. By adding entropy to the objective function, one can now solves a regularized version of the OT problem in quadratic time and memory using the Sinkhorn algorithm. In addition, this regularization allows to avoid the curse of dimensionality as long as enough entropy has been added.Even though entropic regularization has improved both the computational cost and the statistical properties of optimal transport, it still suffers from a quadratic complexity that prevents its use for large-scale applications. One guiding principle of this thesis is that there are still many research opportunities to develop new algorithmic tools that can exploit or extend this way of thinking in order to make OT applicable to large-scale problems.This thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part, we propose new regularization schemes of the OT problem and its quadratic variant, namely the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem, by considering low-rank factorization of both the underlying cost and the coupling solving the OT problem itself. These new computational schemes pave the way for the use of OT in the large-scale setting. In the second part, we show that OT can also offer new perspective on longstanding ML problems once lifted into the set of distributions. We adopt this point of view on two applied problems in fairness and robustness respectively and propose new approaches to tackle them using OT
3
Fines, Ida. "Effects of Crude Oil Water Accommodated Fractions (WAF) on the Escape Behaviour in Calanus finmarchicus Gunnerus (Copepoda)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15408.
Abstract:
SammendragDen dominerende planktonorganismen i Atlanterhavet og Barentshavet er den calanoide kopepoden Calanus finmarchicus. Den er en nøkkelart i den marine næringskjeden, og har evnen til å lagre store mengder fett, som kan være den viktigste opptaksruten for lipofile forurensende stoffer til høyere trofiske nivå. C. finmarchicus er derfor betraktet som en økologisk relevant forsøks art.Ettersom en upassende respons til miljøbestemte og fysiologisk stimuli, som en årsak av toksiske effekter av forurensende stoffer, kan ha atskillige konsekvenser for overlevelse, selv på konsentrasjoner under dødelig nivå, er det viktig å undersøke adferds indikatorer for akvatisk toksisitet. Det ble totalt gjennomført fire eksponerings serier, hvor eksponerings media var WAFs basert på fersk og forvitret råolje. Eksponeringstiden var 24, 48, 72 og 96 timer. Endringer i flukt respons som en årsak av narkose indusert av olje eksponering ble målt. Parameterne som ble målt var flukt respons frekvens, flukt respons latens tid og utmattende effekter av repetitive hydrodynamiske forstyrrelser. Resultatet fra forvitret og fersk råolje eksponeringer viser at det skjer en nedgang i flukt respons frekvenser selv på konsentrasjoner langt under dødelig nivå, for alle eksponerings tider. Det ble derimot ikke funnet noen klar korrelasjon mellom råolje eksponering og endinger i latens tid eller utmattende effekter av repetitiv hydrodynamiske forstyrrelser.Tilstedeværelsen av signifikant reduksjon i flukt respons frekvenser i C. finmarchicus indikerer at endringer i flukt adferd kan fungere som endepunkt for toksiske effekter, av kjemikalier med konsentrasjoner under dødelig nivå, og kan blir brukt som en økologisk relevant biomarkør.
4
Abubaker, Farhat. "Controls on thaumasite in buried concrete : effect of clay composition and cement type." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6809/.
Abstract:
Problems due to the thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA), which has a significant influence on the strength and durability of buried concrete, have been extensively reported in the UK and worldwide. Thaumasite forms as a result of the presence of high levels of sulfate in pore waters in the ground surrounding concrete, particularly where sulfate is formed by the oxidation of pyrite and the ground temperature is less than about 12°C. In spite of this association with pyrite-bearing ground, an extensive literature search revealed that most previous research, including studies on which current concrete design recommendations are based, was carried out by exposing test specimens to sulfate-rich solutions rather than to natural ground materials. In fact, the present study appears to be the first extensive investigation of TSA in which various concretes have been tested in simulated field conditions. The changes in chemistry of different clays and clay pore solutions were also investigated. The work includes the long-term exposure (nine years) of Portland cement (PC), Portland limestone cement (PLC), sulfate-resisting Portland cement (SRPC) and Portland cement blended with 25% pulverized - fuel ash to slightly weathered Lower Lias Clay of sulfate design class DS-2 at 5°C. Parts of the exposed concrete were coated with bitumen to test the performance of this method of protection. The study also includes an investigation into the influence of clay composition (weathered and slightly weathered Lower Lias Clay and Coal Measures mudstone) on the severity of TSA in various concretes made with CEM I, CEM I blended with 10% limestone filler (LF), CEMI - 50% PFA and CEMI - 70% GGBS; this was complemented by parallel studies which assessed the performance of specimens of the same concretes, placed in sulfate solutions equivalent to DS-2 and DS-4 and simulated pore waters at the same temperatures. The performance of the different concretes in these tests was assessed by means of visual observation, supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red scanning (IR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to identify the deterioration products. The change in the chemistry of clay was assessed by the determination of water- and acid-soluble sulfate, total sulfur, rate of pyrite oxidation and change in carbonate content. Where applicable, the compositions of the different clays and clay pore solutions were also investigated. It was found that deterioration due to the thaumasite form of sulfate attack occurred in all four concretes exposed for nine years to slightly weathered Lower Lias Clay. PLC concrete was the worst affected, with complete loss of binding of up to 47 mm thickness of concrete, but PC- 25% PFA replacement and SRPC concretes were also badly deteriorated. The degree of attack decreased with increasing burial depth, probably as a result of reduced access to air. The bitumen coating proved to be effective at preventing deterioration in all concretes. Exposure to clay of design sulfate class DS-2 was found to cause similar or greater deterioration than that in case of exposure to DS-4 sulfate solution, so the aggressivity of clay may be under-estimated if only the total potential sulfate (TPS) value currently used for aggressivity classification is considered. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that gypsum and thaumasite were the main products in the concrete exposed to solutions, whilst thaumasite and carbonate were formed in the samples exposed to clay, suggesting that the more complex chemistry of clay results in a different chemical interaction. Replacement of CEM I with 50% PFA and 70 % GGBS revealed a very good performance, as no deterioration was observed after two years in any of the exposure conditions, including DS-4 solution and pyritic clays. However, thaumasite solid solution was detected in both concretes exposed to pyritic clay at 5 , which suggests that even these binders may be susceptible to thaumasite formation and TSA with time. Changes to the clays confirmed that pyrite oxidation resulted in elevated sulfate levels, and the generation of sulfuric acid, which reacted with calcite and clay minerals in the clays. It is concluded from this that the carbonate content of the clay affects its aggressivity, although current standards do not take this into account.
5
Dickson, Christopher. "Coincidence analysis of gravitational wave data." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/6809/.
6
Oberst, Sally. "Variation of Viséan strata across the Midi thrust, Belgium." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6809/.
Abstract:
The Viséan strata of southern Belgium, between Namur, Aachen, Comblain-au-Pont and Dinant, record the deposition of shallow water carbonates along the southern margin of the Brabant Massif. Three areas of Dinantian outcrop: the Namur, Dinant and Vesdre regions were separated by folding and faulting associated with the Hercynian orogeny, particularly the Midi Thrust. The Viséan series comprises three stages of which the Livian has been the basis for this study. The Viséan sediments comprise numerous cycles 2-20m thick which are interpreted as being dominated by shallowing upwards sedimentary sequences. Petrographic study of the nine carbonate lithofacies has revealed three microfacies associations which are broadly described as bioclastic (microfacies association 1), microbial-algal (microfacies association 2) and micritic-peloidal (microfacies association 3). These microfacies associations occur in the same order in each cycle, although their component microfacies may not. Although there are signs of subaerial exposure at the top of cycles, well developed subaerial exposure horizons are rare. Calcrete formation is limited to zone or subzone boundaries and is well developed close to the Brabant Massif. The palaeo environment is interpreted as a warm, shallow water, carbonate platform, which dipped gently southward, from tidal flats in the north. Early diagenesis of these sediments was facies specific and commonly occurred under marine phreatic conditions. Early meteoric diagenesis is only patchily developed. Later effects of burial diagenesis are common to all sediments. Although close to areas of Hercynian earth movements, there are no signs of synsedimentary tectonics in the Livian sediments. Later movement was restricted to open folding, faulting and thrusting. Bentonite layers are the only evidence of local volcanism. They increase in thickness and abundance towards the east and this is presumed to be the direction of their source area. Only slight lateral variation in sedimentation suggests that there was minimal separation between the Namur region and Vesdre-North Dinant region at the time of deposition. The sedimentological observations presented here, provide limiting conditions for palaeogeographical reconstruction and tectonic controls. Crustal shortening and decollement by northward thrusting was the main form of earth movement. The effect of movement along the Midi Thrust was to juxtapose predominantly submarine sediments from below fair weather wave base (Dinant region) and nearshore peritidal deposits (Namur-Vesdre region). Since the original width of the platform is unknown, the amount of displacement along the thrust is uncertain. A minimum of about 20 km displacement along the thrust is believed to have affected the Dinantian sediments.
7
Mulargia, Simone Maria. "The behaviour of osteocyte dendritic processes in bone under cyclic load (il comportamento dei processi dendritici degli osteociti nel tessuto osseo sottoposti a carico ciclico)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6809/.
Abstract:
Bone is continually being removed and replaced through the actions of basic multicellular units (BMU). This constant upkeep is necessary to remove microdamage formed naturally due to fatigue and thus maintain the integrity of the bone.
The repair process in bone is targeted, meaning that a BMU travels directly to the site of damage and repairs it. It is still unclear how targeted remodelling is stimulated and directed but it is highly likely that osteocytes play a role. A number of theories have been advanced to explain the microcrack osteocyte interaction but no complete mechanism has been demonstrated.
Osteocytes are connected to each other by dendritic processes. The “scissors model" proposed that the rupture of these processes where they cross microcracks signals the degree of damage and the urgency of the necessary repair. In its original form it was proposed that under applied compressive loading, microcrack faces will be pressed together and undergo relative shear movement. If this movement is greater than the width of an osteocyte process, then the process will be cut in a “scissors like" motion, releasing RANKL, a cytokine known to be essential in the formation of osteoclasts from pre-osteoclasts. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate this theoretical model with a specific focus on microscopy and finite element modelling. Previous studies had proved that cyclic stress was necessary for osteocyte process rupture to occur. This was a divergence from the original “scissors model" which had proposed that the cutting of cell material occurred in one single action.
The present thesis is the first study to show fatigue failure in cellular processes spanning naturally occurring cracks and it's the first study to estimate the cyclic strain range and relate it to the number of cycles to failure, for any type of cell.
Rupture due to shear movement was ruled out as microcrack closing never occurred, as a result of plastic deformation of the bone. Fatigue failure was found to occur due to cyclic tensile stress in the locality of the damage. The strain range necessary for osteocyte process rupture was quantified. It was found that the lower the process strain range the greater the number of cycles to cell process failure.
FEM modelling allowed to predict stress in the vicinity of an osteocyte process and to analyse its interaction with the bone surrounding it: simulations revealed evident creep effects in bone during cyclic loading.
This thesis confirms and dismisses aspects of the “scissors model". The observations support the model as a viable mechanism of microcrack detection by the osteocyte network, albeit in a slightly modified form where cyclic loading is necessary and the method of rupture is fatigue failure due to cyclic tensile motion. An in depth study was performed focusing on microscopy analysis of naturally occurring cracks in bone and FEM simulation analysis of an osteocyte process spanning a microcrack in bone under cyclic load.
8
Alexander, Helen. "Happy harmonies and disturbing discords : Scott Bradley's music for MGM's cartoons." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6809/.
Abstract:
The musical scores of composer Scott Bradley for the cartoons of the Metro- Goldwyn-Mayer studio form the basis of this dissertation, which uses close observation and analysis to address some of the pertinent technical and cultural issues that have been raised in the literature of musicology and of cartoon studies. Bradley’s collaborations with three sets of directors are discussed separately in order to highlight three academic concerns. An investigation into the various practical necessities and cultural influences on Bradley’s work with directors Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising sets the historical scene at the beginning of the composer’s career. I examine the pervading style of these cartoons and their music in order to reveal some of the personal preoccupations that Bradley’s work would exhibit throughout his life. And I interrogate the general musicological approach to the audiovisual pairing and cartoon scoring practices in order to re-evaluate close synchronization as a variegated technique capable of diverse and nuanced effects. Director Tex Avery and Bradley have independently been considered by various scholars for their adoption of modernist techniques. Their collaboration produced works that challenge the distinction of popular entertainment and modernist art, in a way that is shown to be both multifaceted and difficult to quantify. The position of their cartoons in terms of more frequently recognized modern artforms and its own tradition of slapstick comedy complicate any simple distinction between the two fields. The directorial team of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera produced cartoons that amalgamated some of the techniques learned from the other animators in this study. As well as being the most famous of MGM’s cartoon series, their Tom and Jerry cartoons were the most consistent in terms of style. The comic formula of this series is examined from the relatively new academic area of ‘comic timing’. I explore the possible effect of a constant musical presence on the audience perception of pacing and thereby add a new perspective to an aspect of comedy that has not before been considered with reference to music.
9
Romano, Stella <1987>. "La funzione limitatrice dei principi - valori costituzionali nella giurisprudenza costituzionale. Riflessi ed implicazioni sulla legalità penale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6809/.
Abstract:
La tesi di ricerca si propone di indagare il riflesso che i principi/valori producono sul parametro nel sindacato di legittimità costituzionale, al fine di verificarne le implicazioni sulla legalità, in termini di prevedibilità e certezza. In particolare, delineata la connessione tra principi e valori costituzionali e, ricostruito, secondo la teoria dell'ordinamento, il rapporto tra valori e normatività,si analizzano i riflessi prodotti, sul piano interpretativo, dall’apertura del parametro costituzionale alla logica dei valori, enfatizzandone le ricadute sul controllo di costituzionalità delle leggi. Identificato il nesso tra principi e valori nella capacità funzionale dei primi di realizzare i diritti fondamentali, si è inteso rimarcare come la più estesa realizzazione dei principi-valori costituzionali potrebbe compiersi a spese della legge e della certezza del diritto, in una relazione inversamente proporzionale. Ciò apparirebbe evidente dall’ottica privilegiata della materia penale, per cui una legalità materiale, letta alla luce di criteri di adeguatezza e di ragionevole proporzione, seppur vicina alle esigenze di giustizia del caso concreto, se spinta in eccessi interpretativi rischia di invadere il campo del legislatore, unico deputato a compiere scelte di valore.The thesis aims to investigate the effects that principles/ values product on the constitutional parameter, in order to verify the impact on the legality in terms of predictability and certainty. In particular, outlined the connection between constitutional principles and values, and rebuilit, at the same time, the relationship between values and normativity, we analyze the effects that the logic of values product on the constitutional parameter, emphasizing the impact on the constitutional judgement. So identified the link between principles and values in the functional capacity of the first to realize the fundamental rights, the intention is to point out how the most extensive implementation of the principles-constitutional values could be accomplished at the expense of the law and of legal certainty in a relationship inversely proportional. This would appear evident from the privileged optic of criminal matters,for which the legality, read in the light of criteria of adequacy and reasonable proportion, closed to the needs of the justice of the case, if pushed in excess of interpretation threatens to invade the field of the legislature, the only deputy to make value choices.
10
Almotahari, Mahrad. "Situating language and consciousness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68909.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-104).
Language and consciousness enrich our lives. But they are rare commodities; most creatures are language-less and unconscious. This dissertation is about the conditions that distinguish the haves from the have-nots. The semantic properties of a natural language expression are determined by conventions governing the way speakers use the expression to communicate information. The capacity to speak a language involves highly specialized (perhaps even modular) cognition. Some authors think that one cannot consistently accept both views. In Chapter 1 ('Content and Competence') I explain why one can. According to the convention-based theory of content determination, propositions are fit to be the contents of both thought and speech. Recently, this view has been challenged. The challenge exploits a series of observations about what it takes to understand semantically incomplete sentences. In Chapter 2 ('Speaker Meaning in Context'), I explain how the challenge can be met. Physicalists seem to owe an explanatory debt. Why should psychophysical relations appear contingent? In Chapter 3 ('There Couldn't Have Been Zombies, but it's a Lucky Coincidence That There Aren't') I pay the debt on their behalf. My explanation proceeds in three steps. First, I observe that there are necessary coincidences, or accidents. Second, I show that traditional epistemological arguments for dualism merely establish that phenomenal states and corresponding physical states are accidentally, or coincidentally, related. Finally, I suggest that inattention to the distinction between coincidence/accidentality and contingency results in frequent equivocation. Thus the disposition to (correctly) judge that psychophysical relations are coincidences manifests itself as a disposition to (incorrectly) judge that psychophysical relations are contingent. In Chapter 4 ('Zombies are Inconceivable') I deny that psychophysical relations appear contingent. The chapter begins with an argument to the effect that zombies cannot be coherently conceived. I then consider and reject various ways of resisting the argument.
by Mahrad Almotahari.
Ph.D.
11
Sun, Chen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Design space exploration of photonic interconnects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68509.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
As processors scale deep into the multi-core and many-core regimes, bandwidth and energy-efficiency of the on-die interconnect network have become paramount design issues. Recognizing potential limits of electrical interconnects, emerging nanophotonic integration has been recently proposed as a potential technology option for both on-chip and chip-to-chip applications. As optical links avoid the capacitive, resistive and signal integrity limits imposed upon electrical interconnects, the introduction of integrated photonics allows for efficient realization of physical connectivity that are costly to accomplish electrically. While many recent works have since cited the potential benefits of optics, inherent design tradeoffs of photonic datapath and backend components remain relatively unknown at the system-level. This thesis develops insights regarding the behavior of electrical and hybrid optoelectrical networks and systems. We present power and area models that capture the behavior of electrical interface circuits and their interactions with optical devices. To animate these models in the context of a full system, we contribute DSENT, a novel physical modeling framework capable of estimating the costs of generalized digital electronics, mixed-signal interface circuitry, and optical links. With DSENT, we enable fast power and area evaluation of entire networks to connect the dynamics of an underlying photonics interconnect to that of an otherwise electrical system. Using our methodolody, we perform a technology-driven design space exploration of intra-chip networks and highlight the importance of thermal tuning and parasitic receiver capacitances in network power consumption. We show that the performance gains enabled by photonics-inspired architectures can enable savings in total system energy even if the network is more costly. Finally, we propose a photonically interconnected DRAM system as a solution to the core-to-DRAM bandwidth bottleneck. By attacking energy consumption at the DRAM channel, chip, and bank level with integrated photoncis, we cut the power consumption of the DRAM system by 10x while remaining area neutral when compared to a projected electrical baseline.
by Chen Sun.
S.M.
12
Iqbal, Jaffar S. "Response of grooved composite laminates to out-of-plane contact loading via numerical models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68409.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-305).
The response of grooved composite laminates to out-of-plane contact loading is examined using numerical modeling through the consideration of contact pressure and stresses within the laminate, with particular focus on the area local to the groove. Finite element analysis is employed via ABAQUS, a commercial finite element modeling software. The indentor is modeled as a rigid body, and the validity of this approximation is assessed through comparison with a deformable, linear elastic indentor. The influence of ply angle is investigated through consideration of a family of [+/-[theta]/0]13s laminates for values of [theta] of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, along with a quasiisotropic [+/-45/0/90]10s and a crossply [0/90]20s configuration, all using T700/2510 graphite/epoxy. The linearity of the response is investigated, and two loading configurations are studied and compared: a two-dimensional, cylinder-loaded configuration, and a three-dimensional, sphere-loaded configuration. Results show that the Hertzian contact model for isotropic bodies cannot be used to determine contact pressure due to an inability of that model to analytically determine the appropriate contact length. The basic form of the contact pressure curve is similar to the Hertzian model, but with significant local variations superposed due to stiffness variation, particularly in the longitudinal direction, due to ply orientation angle. Thus, if the contact length is supplied, the Hertzian model can be a valid overall approximation. Total vertical load magnitude is determined to be a primary factor in the response, as it determines contact length, and thus the distribution of contact pressure and the form of the stress field. The response is found to vary with significant nonlinearity with respect to applied load due to the relationship with contact length. The rigid body approximation of the steel indentor is deemed sufficiently accurate to capture the overall behavior, due to the high difference in stiffness between the steel indentor and the through-thickness stiffness of the composite. There is significant variation between the two-dimensional models and the three-dimensional models, particularly in determining the magnitude of the response. However, the two-dimensional model is sufficient to observe trends, and could be of use in preliminary design and analysis, although the full three-dimensional model is required to accurately determine the response in the final analysis, largely due to important issues of variation along the groove. In general, stress behavior is dependent on the laminate and the particular stress, with stress fields between laminates showing some similar trends, but also high variability depending on the composition of the laminate.
by Jaffar S. Iqbal.
S.M.
13
SOSTENES, SANABRIA MARCO ANTONIO. "DISEÑO DE UN PORTAFOLIO DE INVERSIÓN ÓPTIMO Y ALEATORIO CON INSTRUMENTOS DEL MERCADO DE CAPITALES, COMPARANDO EL VALOR EN RIESGO (VAR)." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68009.
Abstract:
El proceso de inversión en acciones es una labor difícil y compleja porque el retorno sobre la inversión está altamente correlacionado con el riesgo y a mayores tasas de interés mayor es el riesgo.
El trabajo se divide:
En el Capítulo I, se realiza una revisión del Sistema Financiero Mexicano, de sus componentes y organismos reguladores. También tiene por objeto una observación de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, empezando por definir el Mercado de Valores, indicar sus instrumentos y su reglamentación. Continúa con definir la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, la forma de registrarse y participar en la misma y el Marco Legal del Sector Bursátil. Para terminar el capítulo se incluye al Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, su definición, generalidades, metodología y muestra. El objetivo es conocer el papel central de su funcionamiento y desarrollo en la economía.
14
ALVARADO, GOMEZ ANA GRISELDA, and ROMERO ANA KARINA GARCIA. "ANÁLISIS DE LAS METODOLOGIAS DELTA-NORMAL Y MONTECARLO PARA ESTIMAR EL VALOR EN RIESGO (VaR)." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68109.
Abstract:
El trabajo elaborado y los resultados obtenidos se agrupan en cuatro capítulos. El primer capítulo pretende ponernos en contexto proporcionando una visión general sobre el Sistema Financiero Mexicano, su composición, funcionamiento y regulación actual. Se aborda también la clasificación de Mercados Financieros, haciendo especial hincapié en el Mercado de Capitales y en los instrumentos que se manejan dentro del mismo, punto que da pie al segundo capítulo de esta tesis.
El Capítulo 2 se enfoca en desglosar los conceptos de riesgo y riesgo financiero, se explica la importancia de su cuantificación junto con algunas definiciones que nos permiten entender el tema de una mejor manera. Se desarrolla brevemente el Modelo de Markowitz y el Método del Modelo de Precios de Títulos Financieros o Capital Asset Princing Model (CAPM) que dan sentido a la construcción del portafolio con el cual se trabajó. Así mismo se exponen los fundamentos teóricos y supuestos del Valor en Riesgo (VaR) y de los dos métodos de valuación cuya eficacia pretendemos comparar.
A lo largo del tercer capítulo se describe la construcción del portafolio utilizado en base a los modelos descritos en la sección anterior y se presenta paso por paso el cálculo del VaR a través de los dos modelos sugeridos, de esta forma se exponen los resultados de cada practica y la comparación entre ellos.
Finalmente, la última parte se conforma de las conclusiones y hallazgos obtenidos del trabajo de investigación y de la comprobación de la hipótesis plateada en un principio.
15
Martínez, Carrasco Jonatan. "ANÁLISIS DE LA ETAPA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN EL PROCESO PENAL." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68209.
Abstract:
Dentro sistema procesal penal en el estado se encuentran establecidas tres etapas, cada una de ellas cuenta con sus particularidades para poderlas diferenciar entre sí, encontramos establecida la etapa de investigación, la etapa intermedia y la etapa de juicio oral. Por ello es necesario su estudio y análisis de cada una de estas etapas para poder establecer su funcionalidad, encontrando sus factores humanos que participan en cada una de ellas, y sus enmiendas a realizar.
16
CORRALES, AMARO JOCELYN, SUÀREZ ZAIRA EMILIANO, and RODRÍGUEZ KARLA ALEJANDRA MONTALVO. "PROPUESTA DE UN MODELO EMPRESARIAL INTERNACIONAL (MEI) QUE IMPULSE A LAS PyMES EN MÉXICO A LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA NOPALITOS S.A. DE C.V." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68309.
Abstract:
En el presente trabajo de investigación, se abordarán temas de suma importancia para
las empresas mexicanas que están interesadas en la exportación de sus productos a
otros países. En específico a las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMES), de las cuales
se estudiará la historia de la economía en México - Japón, siendo esté el país al cual se
exportará la mermelada de nopal y piña y cómo han sido los negocios a través de los
años.
De igual manera se analizan los conceptos de planes y modelos de negocio, así como
los diferentes tipos que existen, posteriormente se muestra el uso de modelos de
negocios, en empresas ya establecidas y las ventajas que ofrecen al adoptarlo. Para
finalizar se muestra el plan de negocios de la empresa NOPALITOS S.A. DE C.V., basada
en la comercialización de mermelada de nopal y piña, haciendo referencia al Modelo
Empresarial Internacional de aquí en adelante se referirá como (MEI) que se
implementará, así como las herramientas a utilizar para lograr la exportación de dicho
producto.
Con respecto a las necesidades que presenta el sector empresarial en específico las
PyMES, el MEI pretende solventarlas y adecuarlas de acuerdo a los requerimientos de la
empresa. Por ello es indispensable la adaptación del modelo que apoye la exportación
de productos al extranjero.
Se mencionarán algunos modelos de negocios que existen en ambos países y cómo es
que han ayudado a que las empresas sean casos de éxito en comparación con otras. El
Modelo Empresarial Internacional, es un complemento al ya conocido Modelo CANVAS,
el cual cuenta con los siguientes elementos:
Cómo se llevarán a cabo propuestas de valor.
Segmento a clientes.
Estructura de costos.
Exportación del producto, por mencionar algunos.
Una vez reunidas todas las características del MEI y el plan de negocios del producto,
esta herramienta será de ayuda para la exportación, además de poner en práctica su
eficacia, en la empresa NOPALITOS S.A. DE C.V.
Con la intención de mostrar un panorama más amplio, la investigación está organizada a
través de cinco capítulos, los cuales se describen a continuación:
En el capítulo 1. Se abordan los precedentes históricos, del comercio entre México -
Japón, así como el surgimiento de planes y modelos de negocio para generar una
empresa.
En el capítulo 2. Se muestran los referentes teóricos del trabajo, con la clasificación,
características y ventajas que genera adoptar un plan o modelo de negocios.
En el capítulo 3. Se presenta el marco metodológico del Modelo Empresarial
Internacional.
En el capítulo 4, está referido a la situación actual de la adaptación de planes y modelos
de negocios a las PyMES.
En el capítulo 5. Se aborda la propuesta del Modelo Empresarial Internacional que
impulse a las PyMES en México a la comercialización, de la empresa NOPALITOS S.A.
DE C.V., en Tokio, Japón.
17
Andrade, Martínez Ivette Anahi. "Propuesta de Mejoramiento en la instrumentación del programa pueblos mágicos en el Estado de México. los casos de estudio Metepec, Tepozotlan e Ixtapan de la Sal." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68509.
Abstract:
Generate a proposal for improvement in the implementation of the magical township program focused on the municipality of Ixtapan de la Sal, based on the case studies Tepozotlan, and Metepec, considering the variables of legal, operational, social instrumentation and the participation of the population as an element of impact in the development of the program.Generar una propuesta de mejora en la instrumentación del programa de pueblos mágicos enfocada hacia el municipio de Ixtapan de la Sal, a partir de los estudios de caso Tepozotlan, y Metepec, considerando las variables instrumentación jurídica, operacional, social y la participación de la población como elemento de impacto en el desarrollo del programa.
18
GALAN, HERNANDEZ VICTOR MANUEL 381957, and HERNANDEZ VICTOR MANUEL GALAN. "Aprendizaje y fomento de los estereotipos de género en el juego y otros consumos culturales." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68409.
Abstract:
Se aborda la literatura como actividad lúdica en la infancia y su estrecha relación con la identidad de género y la conformación de estereotipos. El papel de la educación a través de la motivación hacia la lectura en general y de la literatura en particular. Se enfatiza la importancia de la lectura desde una postura crítica en los infantes. El niño y la niña como constructores del conocimiento y de sí mismos, entre ello, su propia identidad, así como la importancia del papel del maestro y de los adultos como mediadores críticos ante la concepción del género. Finalmente se examinan los resultados considerando para ello, el análisis de cuentos infantiles clásicos que permitieron apreciar los significados y simbolismos de género, los cuales han fomentado los estereotipos que en su mayoría minimizan o discriminan los roles femeninos. Antes de llegar a las conclusiones se pueden hacen reflexiones profundas sobre el aprendizaje de dichos estereotipos en los y las niñas que no siempre llevan a finales felices.Es innegable el influjo de la literatura infantil, los juegos y otros consumos culturales infantiles en la conformación de la identidad de género y el aprendizaje de conductas y roles sociales tradicionalmente aceptados como masculinos y femeninos, razón por la cual en la presente investigación se propone analizar la influencia del juego y la literatura infantil clásica en el fomento de estereotipos de género en niños y niñas. Se analiza brevemente la infancia a través de una mirada hacia la evolución de dicho concepto y su relación con el juego, para ello, se realizó un recorrido histórico del juego y de los juguetes, considerando el papel fundamental de la literatura infantil, particularmente los cuentos clásicos, los cuales llevan implícitos roles ancestrales de género.
19
MUÑOZ, MORALES ALFREDO ALEJANDRO 713199, and MORALES ALFREDO ALEJANDRO MUÑOZ. "Predicción de Tendencias Poblacionales Académicas en Municipios Conurbados del Estado de México Utilizando Inteligencia Artificial." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68609.
Abstract:
En la sociedad podemos encontrar muchísimos comportamientos en todas las cosas que miramos en nuestro alrededor, todo está en constante cambio o transformación, en constante traslado o movimiento, y todas esas actividades y dinámicas situaciones se pueden tratar de representar por medio de esquemas, esquemas que representen aquello que miramos en nuestra vida cotidiana, y resuman en una forma sencilla las cosas complejas de nuestro entorno. A todo esto, anterior se le denomina patrones de comportamiento resumidos o plasmados en modelos matemáticos. En esta Tesis se hace un estudio de la “Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México”. Actualmente, es un área que ha ido en continuo crecimiento y expandiéndose cada vez más a otros estados como ahora lo es Hidalgo. El enfoque principal del tema es ahora conocer el número de egresados de cada nivel educativo en los municipios conurbados del estado de México específicamente, de allí se tiene como objetivo estudiar que variables sociales, demográficas financieras, económicas y demás áreas, influyen en el número de egresados de cada nivel educativo, Pre-Primaria, Primaria, Secundaria, Preparatoria y Profesional o técnico, y poder obtener de ellas pronósticos para años subsecuentes a aquellos de los que tenemos información y así de alguna manera brindar herramientas que sean útiles en la toma actual de decisiones. La investigación pues se centra en el estudio estadístico de egresados y causas que afectan o influyen en el número de los mismos en los municipios conurbados del estado de México.CONACyT
20
Okamoto, Akira. "Tax and Social Security Reforms in an Aging Japan." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68509.
21
Krüger, Rósaan. "Of fences and peace between neighbours." Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68909.
Abstract:
Publisher versionThe speaker in the poem "Mending Wall" by American poet Robert Frost questions the wisdom of the saying that "Good Fences Make Good Neighbo[u]rs" (1914 North of Boston lines 27 and 45). The walls or fences referred to in the poem represent more than just physical barriers separating adjacent premises; the speaker sees them as representing obstacles to communication and friendship between individuals. Seen from the perspective of the speaker, a fence or wall is a "bad" thing. But the speaker is but one of the parties to the neighbourly relationship. For the speaker's neighbour, a wall or a fence is "a protector of privacy" (Watson "Frost's Wall : The View from the Other Side" 1971 44 The New England Quarterly 653 655). Thus there are two views on walls or fences: they can be seen negatively as obstructing good relations, or positively as dividers that secure good relations between neighbours by separating them and protecting their privacy rights.
22
Dubois, Pascale. "La transition école-emploi de jeunes adultes présentant un trouble développemental du langage : les rôles de la motivation autonome et du soutien à l'autonomie offert par l'entourage de l'élève." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68409.
Abstract:
Le trouble développemental du langage (TDL), qui se manifeste par des difficultés persistantes à comprendre le langage et à s’exprimer sans que celles-ci soient liées à un autre trouble connu, a un impact important sur le fonctionnement des personnes. À long terme, ces dernières sont notamment à risque de vivre des obstacles importants lors de leur transition école-emploi. Or, à ce jour, les facteurs pouvant expliquer la réussite de celle-ci chez les jeunes adultes ayant un TDL demeurent peu connus. Cette thèse vise ainsi à mieux comprendre la transition école-emploi chez cette population par l’apport de la théorie de l’autodétermination (TAD). Elle a pour objectif de valider un modèle motivationnel de cette période de vie charnière, où le soutien à l’autonomie apporté par l’entourage du jeune prédit sa motivation envers sa recherche d’emploi, qui est ensuite associée au statut de la transition (complétée ou non) et au bien-être psychologique. Elle comprend trois articles. Le premier article porte sur l’intégration des trois théories sur lesquelles se base cette thèse, soit le Modèle de développement humain et de Processus de production du handicap (MDH-PPH2), la théorie des capabilités et la TAD, en proposant le modèle d’agentivité pour orienter les pratiques auprès des personnes ayant une incapacité. Le deuxième article se concentre sur le devenir des jeunes adultes ayant un TDL par le biais d’une recension systématique, afin de cerner leurs défis et réussites dans trois sphères de vie, dont celle de l’emploi. Le rôle prédictif des habiletés langagières est également évalué pour chacun de ces domaines. Enfin, pour répondre aux objectifs de cette thèse, le troisième article présente les résultats d’une étude rétrospective réalisée auprès de 37 jeunes adultes ayant un TDL et d’une étude prospective réalisée auprès de 218 finissants du Parcours de formation axée sur l’emploi (PFAE), dont 52 ont un TDL. De façon générale, les résultats obtenus soutiennent le modèle motivationnel. Dans l’étude prospective, les analyses ont porté sur l’ensemble des participants puisque les participants ayant un TDL sont comparables à leurs pairs du PFAE pour les variables mesurées. Ainsi, le soutien à l’autonomie du père et celui des amis permettent de prédire une motivation autonome envers la recherche d’emploi dans les deux études, tandis que celui des enseignants ressort dans l’étude rétrospective. Cette motivation autonome est ensuite associée au bien-être psychologique dans les deux études, et au statut de la transition école-emploi dans l’étude prospective. Ces relations sont également observées pour la motivation contrôlée. L’absence de relation entre la motivation et la transition dans l’étude rétrospective pourrait être liée aux obstacles environnementaux que ces jeunes peuvent rencontrer à plus long terme sur le marché du travail. Cette thèse permet donc de mettre de l’avant la pertinence de la TAD dans l’étude de la transition école-emploi des jeunes adultes ayant un TDL. Les concepts de soutien à l’autonomie et de motivation liés à cette théorie permettent d’expliquer une part du statut de la transition et du bien-être de ces jeunes, ce qui a diverses implications théoriques, méthodologiques et pratiques qui sont discutées. Des pistes de recherche futures sont proposées.People with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties understanding language and expressing themselves. These difficulties, which are not associated with another disorder, significantly impact their everyday functioning. For young adults, they may translate into challenges during the school-to-worktransition. As of now, little is known regarding the factors that may explain why some people with DLD succeed during this transition, while others experience major difficulties. This dissertation aims to better understand this life period for this population, under the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). The main purpose is to validate a motivational model of school-to-work transition, in which autonomy support from different sources predicts the young adult’s motivation toward the job search, which is subsequently associated with the transition success and psychological well-being. It includes three articles. The first article presents an integration of the three theories on which this dissertation is grounded, namely the Human Development Model – Disability Creation Process 2 (HDM-DCP2), the capability approach, and self-determination theory. The agency model is suggested to support the optimal development and well-being of people with disabilities. The second article is a systematic review of the outcomes of young adults with DLD that synthesizes the strengths and challenges of this population in three life domains, including employment. The predictive role of language abilities, evaluated for each domain, remains limited. Finally, to meet the objectives of this dissertation, the third article presents the results of a retrospective study (37 young adults with DLD) and a prospective study (218 students in their final year of the Work-Oriented Training Path [WOTP], including 52 with DLD). Overall, the results supported the motivational model. In the prospective study, the analyses were conducted on the whole sample because participants with DLD were similar to their peers in the WOTP on all the measured variables. Specifically, autonomy support from the father and from friends was associated to autonomous motivation toward job search in both studies, as well as autonomy support from the teachers in the retrospective study. Autonomous motivation was subsequently associated with psychological well-being in both studies, and with the success of the school-to-work transition in the prospective study. These relations were also observed for controlled motivation. The absence of relation between motivation and the success of the transition in the retrospective study could be related to environmental obstacles that these young adults encountered on the job market in the long run. This dissertation thus evidences the relevance of self-determination theory in the study of school-to-work transition of young adults with DLD. Autonomy support and motivation partly explain the school-to-work transition success and psychological well-being. These findings have important theoretical, methodological, and practical implications that are discussed. Further research avenues are also suggested.
23
Benítez, Suárez Gregorio. "Catalogue d'oiseaux, O. Messiaen: un estudio de su universo interpretativo a través de II. Le Loriot y IV. Le Traquet Stapazin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68509.
Abstract:
[EN] The main objective pursued in this thesis is that of conducting an enquiry on Catalogue d¿oiseaux, observed through the eyes of the performer, using its second and fourth books as the focus of this study when addressing its aesthetic and pianistic approach.
The need to gain a closer view of the piece from a performer's perspective arises from the paradox between the importance of this composition in Olivier Messiaen's catalogue of compositions and the real meaning the piano score has among pianists of today. Due to the evolution of the author's composition language, which is expressed in greater conceptual complexity, Catalogue d¿oiseaux generates a series of performance-related questions, distancing it from other "traditional" pianistic productions. This factor often leads to apriorism and axioms that generate excessively polarised views on the performance of the piece.
In order to resolve this clash between antagonistic approaches, a methodology has been applied which is based on tracing the "notion of a piece" by studying the timing of the composition, conducting a formal analysis and considering the ornitophonical transcriptions. This theoretical framing acts as a vehicle to uncover the performative nature of Catalogue, where analysing the transcripts, understanding the importance of the time element and assimilating the writing of the two books are tools to relieve a more open musical creation, an aspect confirmed in the study as regards the traditional performance of the work. All of that shows a composition that breaks free from simplistic postulates, offering the pianist a universe of performing possibilities that go beyond any old debate regarding the performance of this extraordinary score of piano literature.
The study concludes with a sound recording of the two books and the inclusion of the two pieces in a recital for the Young Performers Cycle of Seville's Maestranza Theatre. Furthermore, part of the research material has been used to write two articles for Melómano Magazine, which are included as annexes, and in some conferences-concerts about the pianism of Olivier Messiaen at different Spanish conservatoires and universities in 2017 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Olivier Messiaen¿s death.[ES] El propósito fundamental que se ha perseguido en esta tesis es el de realizar una indagación, observada desde el prisma del intérprete, de Catalogue d¿oiseaux, utilizando su segundo y cuarto cuaderno como objeto de estudio a la hora de abordar su enfoque estético y pianístico. La necesidad de aproximarse a la obra desde una óptica interpretativa surge de la paradoja existente entre la importancia que esta composición ocupa en el catálogo compositivo de Olivier Messiaen y el peso real que la partitura posee entre los pianistas actuales. Debido a la evolución del lenguaje compositivo del autor, que se plasma en una mayor complejidad conceptual, Catalogue d¿oiseaux genera una serie de interrogantes de orden interpretativo que la alejan del resto de la producción pianística "tradicional". Este factor se traduce, frecuentemente, en apriorismo y axiomas que generan visiones excesivamente polarizadas sobre la ejecución de la obra. Para solventar este atrincheramiento entre planteamientos antagónicos, se ha empleado una metodología basada en trazar una "idea de obra" a través del estudio de la ubicación temporal de la composición, el análisis formal y la apreciación de las transcripciones ornitofónicas. Este encuadre de índole teórico actúa de vehículo para desgranar la naturaleza interpretativa de Catalogue, donde acercarse a las transcripciones, entender la importancia del elemento temporal y asimilar la escritura de estos dos cuadernos sirven de herramientas para revelar una creación musical mucho más abierta, aspecto que se corrobora con el estudio la tradición interpretativa de la obra. Todo ello muestra una composición que escapa de postulados simplistas, ofreciendo al pianista un universo de posibilidades interpretativas que supera cualquier viejo debate en torno a la ejecución de esta partitura colosal de la literatura pianística. El estudio llevado a cabo cristaliza con la grabación sonora de ambos cuadernos, así como la inclusión de ambas piezas dentro de un recital para el ciclo de "Jóvenes Intérpretes" del Teatro de la Maestranza de Sevilla. Del mismo modo, parte del material de investigación ha servido para la confección de dos artículos para la revista Melómano que se incluyen como anexos, así como la impartición de una serie de conferencias-conciertos alrededor del pianismo de Olivier Messiaen en diversos conservatorios y universidades españolas el próximo año 2017 con motivo del 25º aniversario de la muerte de Olivier Messiaen.
[CAT] El propòsit fonamental que s'ha perseguit en aquesta tesi és el de realitzar una indagació, observada des del prisma de l'intèrpret, de Catalogue d¿oiseaux, utilitzant el seu segon i quart quadern com a objecte d'estudi a l'hora d'abordar el seu enfocament estètic i pianístic. La necessitat d'aproximar-se a l'obra des d'una òptica interpretativa sorgeix de la paradoxa existent entre la importància que aquesta composició ocupa en el catàleg compositiu d'Olivier Messiaen i el pes real que la partitura posseeix entre els pianistes actuals. A causa de l'evolució del llenguatge compositiu de l'autor, que es plasma en una major complexitat conceptual, Catalogue d¿oiseaux genera una sèrie d'interrogants d'ordre interpretatiu que l'allunyen de la resta de la producció pianística "tradicional". Aquest factor es tradueix, freqüentment, en apriorisme i axiomes que generen visions excessivament polaritzades sobre l'execució de l'obra. Per a solucionar aquest atrinxerament entre plantejaments antagònics, s'ha emprat una metodologia basada a traçar una "idea d'obra" a través de l'estudi de la ubicació temporal de la composició, l'anàlisi formal i l'apreciació de les transcripcions ornitofòniques. Aquest enquadrament d'índole teòric actua de vehicle per a desgranar la naturalesa interpretativa de Catalogue, on acostar-se a les transcripcions, entendre la importància de l'element temporal i assimilar l'escriptura d'aquests dos quaderns serveixen d'eines per a revelar una creació musical molt més oberta, aspecte que es corrobora amb l'estudi la tradició interpretativa de l'obra. Tot açò mostra una composició que escapa de postulats simplistes, oferint al pianista un univers de possibilitats interpretatives que supera qualsevol vell debat entorn de l'execució d'aquesta partitura colossal de la literatura pianística. L'estudi dut a terme cristal·litza amb l'enregistrament sonor de tots dos quaderns, així com la inclusió d'ambdues peces dins d'un recital per al cicle de "Joves Intèrprets" del Teatre de la Maestranza de Sevilla. De la mateixa manera, part del material de recerca ha servit per a la confecció de dos articles per a la revista Melómano que s'inclouen com a annexos, així com la impartició d'una sèrie de confèrencies-concerts al voltant del pianisme d'Olivier Messiaen en diversos conservatoris i universitats espanyoles el pròxim any 2017 en motiu del 25è aniversari de la mort d'Olivier Messiaen.
Benítez Suárez, G. (2016). Catalogue d'oiseaux, O. Messiaen: un estudio de su universo interpretativo a través de II. Le Loriot y IV. Le Traquet Stapazin [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68509
TESIS
24
Титова, С. М. "Разработка технологии сорбционного извлечения урана из сульфатно-хлоридных растворов скважинного подземного выщелачивания : диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук : 05.17.02." Thesis, б. и, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/68409.
25
Peñín, Llobell Alberto. "La transformación del proyecto arquitectónico durante el proceso constructivo : la Ópera de Sydney y el Centro Pompidou de París." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6809.
Abstract:
Tras analizar la construcción del proyecto en el movimiento moderno y su relación con la promesa arquitectónica en algunas obras de sus maestros, se realiza un estudio sistemático de la construcción de la Ópera de Sydney y del Centro Pompidou de París. De este análisis surge una constelación de circunstancias que motivan la transformación del proyecto arquitectónico durante su proceso constructivo. La existencia de puntos en común y el carácter estructural de algunos de ellos permiten sospechar una situación en la arquitectura -al menos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX- en la que se pueda cuestionar el proyecto entendido como anticipación fidedigna y completa de su realización. El proyecto recurre a la doble tarea de separar y agrupar tareas y conocimientos en los múltiples agentes que confluyen en obra. Su eficacia residirá en la medida en la que sepa preparar las condiciones para la convergencia de todos estos especialistas que concurren en una obra cada vez más compleja. En particular se hace indispensable la participación de la figura de un ingeniero comprometido con el proyecto y al que es capaz de incorporar la complejidad técnica de una forma no sólo compatible sino también activa en su definición. Desde el punto de vista del objeto arquitectónico, del continente, el proyecto entendido como un documento técnico congelado ya no es ni completo ni infalible.El proyecto adquiere otra condición que es la de moldear y formular determinadas hipótesis sobre
su uso y su contenido. Se trata de propuestas pioneras en su formulación programática. El proyecto no se limita a organizar y asignar espacios a un programa, sino que en sí, también actúa sobre la organización del edificio. La dificultad que conlleva la determinación unilateral por parte del arquitecto del uso colectivo y social repercutirá en la evolución posterior de la obra. El contenido, por tanto, también se escabulle de las certezas del proyecto.
Como fenómeno económico, ya los primeros modernos abandonaron la aspiración de taylorizar la construcción, apostando por una industria semi-prefabricada en la que la relación de la arquitectura con la construcción es de denegación: nace de ella y la necesita para violentarla o llevarla al límite.
Se trata de un fenómeno económico de difícil predicción y que genera conflictos en la obra porque la industria de la construcción busca su rentabilidad en la optimización de las soluciones y acude al catálogo para resolver problemas conocidos. La flexibilidad de esta industria para abordar problemas nuevos es casi excepcional y está poco estimulada y así la obra difícilmente se inscribe en una economía de la prescripción, condicionada además por factores de beneficio y velocidad.
En definitiva, el análisis comparativo de estos dos ejemplos muestra como, la progresiva complejidad tecnológica, la especialización -que cuenta con un protagonismo activo y renovado de
la figura del ingeniero-, la implantación de nuevos programas, la dificultad de anticipar el fenómeno económico de la construcción y la variabilidad de los clientes son algunos de los vectores de incertidumbre que acompañaron el desarrollo de sus respectivos procesos de materialización, en un marco colectivo de la creación arquitectónica y en un contexto público de su trascendencia. Ante esta nueva situación que se genera a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la arquitectura y en definitiva los arquitectos, buscan nuevos respuestas. La ópera de Sydney y el Beaubourg de París anuncian caminos de distinto carácter.
Ante esta realidad hemos podido adivinar algunos mecanismos al alcance del proyecto y del arquitecto en el estudio de los ejemplos de referencia. El proyecto se fragmenta, adopta geometrías deformables, adquiere un carácter estratégico, anima a la recuperación de espacios de colaboración transversales entre los distintos agentes y fundamentalmente entre arquitectos e ingenieros... Todo ello se hace imprescindible para la coherencia final del objeto arquitectónico.
La arquitectura entendida como realidad ya no podrá ser sólo concebida. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX deberá ser, además, construida, porque sólo así habrá sido capaz de transformarse, sortear o incorporar las dificultades y posibilidades que han surgido durante su proceso constructivo. El cómo haya sido capaz de atravesar ese tránsito será, al menos, igual de importante para el resultado final que el punto de partida. Si Le Corbusier afirmaba que "l'important c'est le choix", la pérdida de control del proyecto sobre el producto arquitectónico obliga a ampliar esa condición para una arquitectura posible.
After the analysis of the construction of the project by the moderns and its relation with the architectural promise in some of the works built by its masters, the thesis makes a sistematic study of the constuction of the Sydney Opera House and the Pompidou Centre in Paris. From this analysis, we emphasise a whole host of circumstances that give rise to the transformation of the architectural project during its building process. Nevertheless, the existence of points in common and the structural character of some of them allow us to suspect a situation in architecture¾at least in the second half of the 20th century¾in which we might question the project understood as a worthy and complete anticipation of its realisation. The project foregrounds the twin task of separating and grouping assignments and kinds of knowledge in the multiple agents who come together on the building site. Their effectiveness will reside in the extent to which it is known how to establish the right conditions for the convergence of all these specialists. The participation becomes indispensable of the figure of an engineer committed to the project and who is capable of incorporating in the latter the technical complexity of a form not only compatible with, but also active in, its definition. From the point of view of the architectural object, of the container, the project understood as a fixed technical document is no longer either complete or infallible.
The project acquires another quality, which is that of shaping and formulating certain hypotheses on its use and its content.
The project is not restricted to organising and assigning spaces to a programme but rather it also acts in itself on the organisation of the building. The difficulty that comes with the unilateral fixing on the part of the architect of the collective and social use of the building will have repercussions in its subsequent evolution. The content, then, slips away from the certainties of the project.
As an economic phenomenon the first Moderns gave up on their aspiration to Taylorise building work, in backing a semi-prefabricated industry in which the relationship between architecture and building work is one of denial: it is born of it and needs it in order to subject it to violence or take it to the limit. Consequently, this is an economic phenomenon that is difficult to predict and which generates conflict on the building site because the construction industry is after cost-effectiveness in the optimisation of solutions and relies on the catalogue in order to resolve known problems. The flexibility of this industry is all but exceptional and is little encouraged. All this means that notwithstanding attempts at normative and dimensional unification, the building site is hardly inscribed in an economy of prescription.
To sum up, comparative analysis of these two examples shows how progressive technological complexity, specialisation (which relies on the active and renewed role of the figure of the engineer), the implantation of new programmes, the difficulty of anticipating the economic phenomenon of the construction work and the variability of clients are some of the vectors of uncertainty which accompanied the evolution of their respective processes of materialisation, in a collective framework of architectural creation and in a governmental context of their importance.
Faced with this new situation, which is generated during the second half of the 20th century, architecture and finally architects look for new responses. The Sydney Opera House and the Beaubourg in Paris announce paths of a different kind.
In the presence of this reality we have been able to intuit some mechanisms within reach of the project and of the architect in the study of the reference materials. The project fragments, adopts deformable geometries, acquires a strategic quality and encourages the reclaiming of spaces of transversal collaboration between the different agents, chiefly between architects and engineers... All this turns out to be essential to the final coherence of the architectural object.
The architecture as reality will no longer be able to be just conceived. From the second half of the 20th century onwards it will have to be, moreover, built, because only thus will it be capable of transforming itself, getting round or incorporating the difficulties and possibilities that have arisen during its building process. The reasons for it being capable of making that changeover will be at least as important for the final result as the point of departure. If Le Corbusier stated that "l'important c'est le choix," the loss of project control over the architectural product obliges that condition to be extended for a possible architecture.
26
Peñín, Llobell Alberto. "La transformación del proyecto arquitectónico durante el proceso constructivo. La opera de sydney y el centro Pompidou de París." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6809.
Abstract:
Tras analizar la construcción del proyecto en el movimiento moderno y su relación con la promesa arquitectónica en algunas obras de sus maestros, se realiza un estudio sistemático de la construcción de la Ópera de Sydney y del Centro Pompidou de París. De este análisis surge una constelación de circunstancias que motivan la transformación del proyecto arquitectónico durante su proceso constructivo. La existencia de puntos en común y el carácter estructural de algunos de ellos permiten sospechar una situación en la arquitectura -al menos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX- en la que se pueda cuestionar el proyecto entendido como anticipación fidedigna y completa de su realización. El proyecto recurre a la doble tarea de separar y agrupar tareas y conocimientos en los múltiples agentes que confluyen en obra. Su eficacia residirá en la medida en la que sepa preparar las condiciones para la convergencia de todos estos especialistas que concurren en una obra cada vez más compleja. En particular se hace indispensable la participación de la figura de un ingeniero comprometido con el proyecto y al que es capaz de incorporar la complejidad técnica de una forma no sólo compatible sino también activa en su definición. Desde el punto de vista del objeto arquitectónico, del continente, el proyecto entendido como un documento técnico congelado ya no es ni completo ni infalible.El proyecto adquiere otra condición que es la de moldear y formular determinadas hipótesis sobresu uso y su contenido. Se trata de propuestas pioneras en su formulación programática. El proyecto no se limita a organizar y asignar espacios a un programa, sino que en sí, también actúa sobre la organización del edificio. La dificultad que conlleva la determinación unilateral por parte del arquitecto del uso colectivo y social repercutirá en la evolución posterior de la obra. El contenido, por tanto, también se escabulle de las certezas del proyecto. Como fenómeno económico, ya los primeros modernos abandonaron la aspiración de taylorizar la construcción, apostando por una industria semi-prefabricada en la que la relación de la arquitectura con la construcción es de denegación: nace de ella y la necesita para violentarla o llevarla al límite.Se trata de un fenómeno económico de difícil predicción y que genera conflictos en la obra porque la industria de la construcción busca su rentabilidad en la optimización de las soluciones y acude al catálogo para resolver problemas conocidos. La flexibilidad de esta industria para abordar problemas nuevos es casi excepcional y está poco estimulada y así la obra difícilmente se inscribe en una economía de la prescripción, condicionada además por factores de beneficio y velocidad.En definitiva, el análisis comparativo de estos dos ejemplos muestra como, la progresiva complejidad tecnológica, la especialización -que cuenta con un protagonismo activo y renovado dela figura del ingeniero-, la implantación de nuevos programas, la dificultad de anticipar el fenómeno económico de la construcción y la variabilidad de los clientes son algunos de los vectores de incertidumbre que acompañaron el desarrollo de sus respectivos procesos de materialización, en un marco colectivo de la creación arquitectónica y en un contexto público de su trascendencia. Ante esta nueva situación que se genera a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la arquitectura y en definitiva los arquitectos, buscan nuevos respuestas. La ópera de Sydney y el Beaubourg de París anuncian caminos de distinto carácter. Ante esta realidad hemos podido adivinar algunos mecanismos al alcance del proyecto y del arquitecto en el estudio de los ejemplos de referencia. El proyecto se fragmenta, adopta geometrías deformables, adquiere un carácter estratégico, anima a la recuperación de espacios de colaboración transversales entre los distintos agentes y fundamentalmente entre arquitectos e ingenieros... Todo ello se hace imprescindible para la coherencia final del objeto arquitectónico. La arquitectura entendida como realidad ya no podrá ser sólo concebida. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX deberá ser, además, construida, porque sólo así habrá sido capaz de transformarse, sortear o incorporar las dificultades y posibilidades que han surgido durante su proceso constructivo. El cómo haya sido capaz de atravesar ese tránsito será, al menos, igual de importante para el resultado final que el punto de partida. Si Le Corbusier afirmaba que "l'important c'est le choix", la pérdida de control del proyecto sobre el producto arquitectónico obliga a ampliar esa condición para una arquitectura posible.After the analysis of the construction of the project by the moderns and its relation with the architectural promise in some of the works built by its masters, the thesis makes a sistematic study of the constuction of the Sydney Opera House and the Pompidou Centre in Paris. From this analysis, we emphasise a whole host of circumstances that give rise to the transformation of the architectural project during its building process. Nevertheless, the existence of points in common and the structural character of some of them allow us to suspect a situation in architecture¾at least in the second half of the 20th century¾in which we might question the project understood as a worthy and complete anticipation of its realisation. The project foregrounds the twin task of separating and grouping assignments and kinds of knowledge in the multiple agents who come together on the building site. Their effectiveness will reside in the extent to which it is known how to establish the right conditions for the convergence of all these specialists. The participation becomes indispensable of the figure of an engineer committed to the project and who is capable of incorporating in the latter the technical complexity of a form not only compatible with, but also active in, its definition. From the point of view of the architectural object, of the container, the project understood as a fixed technical document is no longer either complete or infallible. The project acquires another quality, which is that of shaping and formulating certain hypotheses on its use and its content.The project is not restricted to organising and assigning spaces to a programme but rather it also acts in itself on the organisation of the building. The difficulty that comes with the unilateral fixing on the part of the architect of the collective and social use of the building will have repercussions in its subsequent evolution. The content, then, slips away from the certainties of the project. As an economic phenomenon the first Moderns gave up on their aspiration to Taylorise building work, in backing a semi-prefabricated industry in which the relationship between architecture and building work is one of denial: it is born of it and needs it in order to subject it to violence or take it to the limit. Consequently, this is an economic phenomenon that is difficult to predict and which generates conflict on the building site because the construction industry is after cost-effectiveness in the optimisation of solutions and relies on the catalogue in order to resolve known problems. The flexibility of this industry is all but exceptional and is little encouraged. All this means that notwithstanding attempts at normative and dimensional unification, the building site is hardly inscribed in an economy of prescription.To sum up, comparative analysis of these two examples shows how progressive technological complexity, specialisation (which relies on the active and renewed role of the figure of the engineer), the implantation of new programmes, the difficulty of anticipating the economic phenomenon of the construction work and the variability of clients are some of the vectors of uncertainty which accompanied the evolution of their respective processes of materialisation, in a collective framework of architectural creation and in a governmental context of their importance. Faced with this new situation, which is generated during the second half of the 20th century, architecture and finally architects look for new responses. The Sydney Opera House and the Beaubourg in Paris announce paths of a different kind. In the presence of this reality we have been able to intuit some mechanisms within reach of the project and of the architect in the study of the reference materials. The project fragments, adopts deformable geometries, acquires a strategic quality and encourages the reclaiming of spaces of transversal collaboration between the different agents, chiefly between architects and engineers... All this turns out to be essential to the final coherence of the architectural object.The architecture as reality will no longer be able to be just conceived. From the second half of the 20th century onwards it will have to be, moreover, built, because only thus will it be capable of transforming itself, getting round or incorporating the difficulties and possibilities that have arisen during its building process. The reasons for it being capable of making that changeover will be at least as important for the final result as the point of departure. If Le Corbusier stated that "l'important c'est le choix," the loss of project control over the architectural product obliges that condition to be extended for a possible architecture.
27
Cannon, Megan N. "Prevalence of Typical Images in High School Geometry Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6809.
Abstract:
Visualization in mathematics can be discussed in many ways; it is a broad term that references physical visualization objects as well as the process in which we picture images and manipulate them in our minds. Research suggests that visualization can be a powerful tool in mathematics for intuitive understanding, providing and/or supporting proof and reasoning, and assisting in comprehension. The literature also reveals some difficulties related to the use of visualization, particularly how illustrations can mislead students if they are not comfortable seeing concepts represented in varied ways. However, despite the extensive research on the benefits and challenges of visualization there is little research into what types of figures students are exposed to through their textbooks.
This study examines 14 high school geometry textbooks in total, comprised of eight physical textbooks from the top three major textbook publishers in the United States and six FlexBooks created by a non-profit organization developing free and customizable textbooks online. In each textbook the printed images from four topics were classified: Parallel Lines and Transversals, Classifying Triangles, Parallelograms, and Trapezoids. The ‘typical’ images in each of the four topics were defined and the percentages of images that were typical for each textbook in both the lesson and exercise portions were calculated. Results indicate that lesson portions of sections generally contain more typical images than exercise portions and that the total percentage of typical images in an average section varies from 51.9% typical images in the Parallel Lines and Transversals section to 75.2% typical images in the Trapezoid section. Based on these results we list possible avenues for further research in this area.
28
McKay, Allison E. "Gastroduodenal motility during the development of experimental duodenal ulceration: The effects of enteric transmitters and anti-ulcer drugs." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6809.
29
Lair, Craig Dennis. "The outsourcing of intimate affairs." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6809.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Sociology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
30
Denning, Shawn Patrick. "Fracture mechanics of sandwich structures." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6809.
Abstract:
Over the past few decades both the demand for knowledge as well an increase in the application of composite materials has boomed. This has led to an intensive focus by the research community to gather information and validate the use of such materials. Sandwich composites have been a particular interest and an intense demand for further understanding was sparked by the catastrophic rudder failure of Air Transat 961. This thesis focuses on understanding fracture mechanics and damage tolerance within sandwich composites. Facesheet disbond has severe impacts on the material systems strength and stiffness, and large disbonds can often lead to catastrophic component failure. Understanding how these disbonds grow is paramount to recognizing the limitations of sandwich composites.
This thesis has several objectives. First, determine the fracture toughness of various sandwich composite material systems under going quasi-static loading. Second, determine how variations within the material systems such as facesheet thickness, core type, cell size and core density effect the results. Third, determine how the failure modes such as adhesive, pullout and core alter the results. Fourth, determine how fluid ingression effects fracture toughness. Fifth, provide baseline data for further testing and modeling.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
31
Hiscock, Kyle W. "Japans Self Defense Forces After the Great East Japan Earthquake Toward a New Status Quo." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6809.
Abstract:
Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedThe Great East Japan Earthquakes unique scope and the actors involved in the ensuing disaster dispatch has the potential to significantly impact four areas influencing the SDFs trajectory security interests, economic interests, norms, and actors and institutions. Retrenchment, status quo, and remilitarization are all plausible outcomes for the SDFs trajectory. Understanding what the disasters changed in these four areas is critical in determining the most probable SDF trajectory. This thesis finds that the SDF will not likely embark on a retrenchment or rapid remilitarization trajectory. Japans security and economic interests have not fundamentally changed but rather economic trends in place prior to the disasters were aggravated and its security policy was validated. Japans norms were the most fundamentally changed as the SDF emerged from the disasters as the most trusted institution in Japan. Changes will be limited to the fringes of the status quo bordering remilitarization as numerous disincentives restrain the SDF from rapidly moving toward remilitarization. These changes will come about from a growing sense of economic and security pragmatism that results in engaging rather than containing the SDF. Improved civil-military relations, more public support for the SDFs expanding domestic and international roles, and more deference for the SDF as a useful tool of the state will characterize this new status quo.
32
Peyrebrune, Michael C. "Effect of training strategies and creatine supplementation on performance and metabolism during sprint swimming." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6809.
Abstract:
Many scientific studies have considered physiological aspects of swimming, but largely in the areas of endurance or strength and power. This thesis includes six studies that attempt to provide more information about the metabolic responses to single and repeated sprint swimming and the physiological mechanisms behind the limitation to sprint swimming performance. The first experimental chapter describes the metabolic responses to single and repeated sprinting in male and female swimmers. Peak blood lactate (male 18.7 and female 14.4 mmol 1-1;P <0.01) and ammonia (male 232.0 and female 154.3 ýtmol 1-1;P <0.05) values following repeated swimming (8 x 50 yards) were almost double those measured during a single 50 yards sprint and were significantly higher in males than females. It is likely that differences in body dimensions and composition between male and female swimmers account for the majority of the -12% performance differences and higher metabolic response in males than females. Energy contribution to single and repeated tethered swimming sprints was examined in chapter V. Determination of energy contribution by an accumulated oxygen deficit test found estimated anaerobic contribution of -67% in 30 s sprinting and -74%, -53%, -51% and -47% during four 30 s sprint bouts. These were much lower than values estimated previously and recommended to coaches and swimmers in popular swimming texts. Energy contribution to 55 s maximal tethered swimming in chapter VI found anaerobic contributions of -30-40%. Metabolic responses to Controlled frequency breathing (CFB) have been studied previously in endurance swimming, but not in splint swimming (chapter VI). There was increased hypercapnia, but no significant reduction in performance during 55 s maximal sprint tethered swimming between self-selected breathing and breathing every 10 strokes. Differences in metabolic responses (higher extraction of oxygen from inspired air and lower ventilation, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and respiratory exchange ratio) suggest a greater efficiency during swimming with CFB. Swimmers who can train to overcome the urge to breath should not compromise performance, but benefit from avoiding an increase in drag resistance while turning the head to breath. Active recovery following intense swimming has been suggested to increase the speed of recovery and improve subsequent performance. Chapter VII illustrates that the timing and intensity of active recovery is crucial when prescribing repeated sets of repeated sprint training. Lower blood lactate was matched by a tendency for poorer performance in the trial using active recovery between repetitions. This demonstrates that the blood lactate concentration does not reflect the metabolic state of the muscle and therefore the ability to perform subsequent sprint swims. Chapters VIII and IX consider the effects of creatine supplementation on sprint swimming. No differences in single sprint swimming performance were found, but creatine supplementation improve times in a typical training set of 8x 50 yards by -4 s. Faster times recorded in the creatine group support the hypothesis that increasing resting levels of creatine and phosphocreatine will enhance recovery during repeated sprints. Supplementing with 3g creatine day-' for 22-27 weeks had no additional benefit to race performance than just 'loading' before the training period and immediately prior to the major swimming race of the year. It is likely that any enhanced training adaptation would have to be from creatine supplementation allowing swimmers to perform more training rather than just supplementation per se. The studies in this thesis describe the physiological and metabolic responses of elite male and female swimmers to single and repeated sprint swimming in detail for the first time. By manipulating breathing frequency during sprinting, metabolism altered but without compromising performance. Active recovery was successful in reducing blood lactate concentration, but performance was poorer. The blood metabolite and respiratory response to sprint training following interventions of this type allow us to determine the mechanisms behind the limitation to swimming performance. Creatine supplementation enhances repeated sprint swimming performance, but not training for success in competition. Results of this thesis suggest that phosphocreatine availability or energy supply are not limitations to sprint swimming training performance.
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Nota, Nomakhwezi Kumbuzile Constance. "Estimated environmental risks of engineered nanomaterials in Gauteng." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6809.
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Rohani, Mohsen. "Méthodes coopératives de localisation de véhicules." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6809.
Abstract:
Abstract : Embedded intelligence in vehicular applications is becoming of great interest since the last two decades. Position estimation has been one of the most crucial pieces of information for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Real time, accurate and reliable localization of vehicles has become particularly important for the automotive industry. The significant growth of sensing, communication and computing capabilities over the recent years has opened new fields of applications, such as ADAS (Advanced driver assistance systems) and active safety systems, and has brought the ability of exchanging information between vehicles. Most of these applications can benefit from more accurate and reliable localization. With the recent emergence of multi-vehicular wireless communication capabilities, cooperative architectures have become an attractive alternative to solving the localization problem. The main goal of cooperative localization is to exploit different sources of information coming from different vehicles within a short range area, in order to enhance positioning system efficiency, while keeping the cost to a reasonable level. In this Thesis, we aim to propose new and effective methods to improve vehicle localization performance by using cooperative approaches. In order to reach this goal, three new methods for cooperative vehicle localization have been proposed and the performance of these methods has been analyzed. Our first proposed cooperative method is a Cooperative Map Matching (CMM) method which aims to estimate and compensate the common error component of the GPS positioning by using cooperative approach and exploiting the communication capability of the vehicles. Then we propose the concept of Dynamic base station DGPS (DDGPS) and use it to generate GPS pseudorange corrections and broadcast them for other vehicles. Finally we introduce a cooperative method for improving the GPS positioning by incorporating the GPS measured position of the vehicles and inter-vehicle distances. This method is a decentralized cooperative positioning method based on Bayesian approach. The detailed derivation of the equations and the simulation results of each algorithm are described in the designated chapters. In addition to it, the sensitivity of the methods to different parameters is also studied and discussed. Finally in order to validate the results of the simulations, experimental validation of the CMM method based on the experimental data captured by the test vehicles is performed and studied. The simulation and experimental results show that using cooperative approaches can significantly increase the performance of the positioning methods while keeping the cost to a reasonable amount.Résumé : L’intelligence embarquée dans les applications véhiculaires devient un grand intérêt depuis les deux dernières décennies. L’estimation de position a été l'une des parties les plus cruciales concernant les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI). La localisation précise et fiable en temps réel des véhicules est devenue particulièrement importante pour l'industrie automobile. Les améliorations technologiques significatives en matière de capteurs, de communication et de calcul embarqué au cours des dernières années ont ouvert de nouveaux champs d'applications, tels que les systèmes de sécurité active ou les ADAS, et a aussi apporté la possibilité d'échanger des informations entre les véhicules. Une localisation plus précise et fiable serait un bénéfice pour ces applications. Avec l'émergence récente des capacités de communication sans fil multi-véhicules, les architectures coopératives sont devenues une alternative intéressante pour résoudre le problème de localisation. L'objectif principal de la localisation coopérative est d'exploiter différentes sources d'information provenant de différents véhicules dans une zone de courte portée, afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du système de positionnement, tout en gardant le coût à un niveau raisonnable. Dans cette thèse, nous nous efforçons de proposer des méthodes nouvelles et efficaces pour améliorer les performances de localisation du véhicule en utilisant des approches coopératives. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, trois nouvelles méthodes de localisation coopérative du véhicule ont été proposées et la performance de ces méthodes a été analysée. Notre première méthode coopérative est une méthode de correspondance cartographique coopérative (CMM, Cooperative Map Matching) qui vise à estimer et à compenser la composante d'erreur commune du positionnement GPS en utilisant une approche coopérative et en exploitant les capacités de communication des véhicules. Ensuite, nous proposons le concept de station de base Dynamique DGPS (DDGPS) et l'utilisons pour générer des corrections de pseudo-distance GPS et les diffuser aux autres véhicules. Enfin, nous présentons une méthode coopérative pour améliorer le positionnement GPS en utilisant à la fois les positions GPS des véhicules et les distances inter-véhiculaires mesurées. Ceci est une méthode de positionnement coopératif décentralisé basé sur une approche bayésienne. La description détaillée des équations et les résultats de simulation de chaque algorithme sont décrits dans les chapitres désignés. En plus de cela, la sensibilité des méthodes aux différents paramètres est également étudiée et discutée. Enfin, les résultats de simulations concernant la méthode CMM ont pu être validés à l’aide de données expérimentales enregistrées par des véhicules d'essai. La simulation et les résultats expérimentaux montrent que l'utilisation des approches coopératives peut augmenter de manière significative la performance des méthodes de positionnement tout en gardant le coût à un montant raisonnable.
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Pinto, Nuno Tiago Pires dos Santos. "Influência dos parâmetros de soldadura por resistência na qualidade da soldadura de rede electrossoldada em aço A500 NRSD." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6809.
Abstract:
Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia MecânicaA soldadura por resistência por pontos é um processo muito usado na construção de redes electrossoldadas para construção civil. Contudo, as indústrias deparam-se com dificuldades em controlar o processo dada a elevada produtividade exigida neste tipo de construções. Este estudo visa estabelecer critérios que permitam aferir a importância da corrente, tempo e pressão no processo de soldadura por resistência por pontos, aplicado ao fabrico de redes electrossoldadas com varões de A500NRSD, através das alterações microestruturais no aço. Caracterizou-se o material base, através de ensaios químicos, mecânicos e metalográficos. Foram realizados ensaios de soldadura em varões de diâmetros de 6 e 8 mm segundo um planeamento composto central circunscrito. Este tipo de planeamento permite analisar a influência de cada variável de processo e suas interacções numa função resposta seleccionada previamente, neste caso foi a força de corte. Observou-se que o parâmetro operatório mais influente depende do diâmetro. Isto é, para o diâmetro de 6 mm o parâmetro mais influente identificado foi a corrente, enquanto para o diâmetro de 8 mm foi o tempo o parâmetro mais relevante. Estudou-se o comportamento estrutural das amostras, fazendo variar o parâmetro mais influente, verificando-se o crescimento da zona de fusão com o aumento do valor da variável de processo. Para compreender a variabilidade do processo, dada pelos valores registados nos ensaios de caracterização mecânica dos varões soldados, analisaram-se para cada diâmetro, as duas amostras que apresentaram maior diferença de força de corte, observando-se uma segunda ZTA no contacto com o eléctrodo, dos provetes que exibiam a força de corte mais elevada. Conclui-se que a variação dos resultados da caracterização mecânica dos pontos pode ser devida á presença de elementos de liga não constantes das normas e a heterogeneidades químicas e estruturais dos varões.
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Gonçalves, Rita Gonçalves Galvão. "Hortas urbanas. Estudo de caso de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6809.
Abstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe present work aims to study the reappearance of the phenomenon of the Community Gardens, all over the world and, specifically in the Portuguese context, with special focus on the city of Lisbon. For this purpose, there were selected the Granja’s Social Community Garden and the Campolide and Telheiras’ Recreative Community Gardens, where inquiries were performed with the goal to outline the characterization of the newly-gardeners and to understand the reasons that brought up the return of their interest in the farming activity. It was found that, regardless the typology of the Community Gardens, the reemergence of these spaces is related, not only with the fact that people enjoy practicing agriculture, but also with the growing concern about the quality of the consumed products. Other motivations were considered important, this time directly related with the typology of Community Garden treated. So, while in Granja’s Garden, many gardeners try to remember their rural life through agricultural activity, in Campolide and Telheiras’ Gardens, the proximity with the Nature and the practice of Organic Farming revealed to be determinant aspects. In summary, the reappearance of Community Gardens comes as a revival of past experiences and as a result of the current socioeconomic situation
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Cardoso, Sandra Cristina Silva. "Caracterização fenótipica e funcional de subpopulações de linfócitos T CD8+ em sangue periférico e líquido sinovial de doentes de artrite reumatóide e quantificação de citocinas e quimiocinas no soro desses doentes." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior Agrária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/6809.
Abstract:
A Artrite Reumatóide (AR) é caracterizada por inflamação sistémica, sinovite e presença de auto-anticorpos (tal como o factor reumatóide -FR e proteínas citrulinadas). Esta patologia provoca lesões articulares, deficiências, diminuição da qualidade de vida, e doenças vasculares. Os Medicamentos Anti-reumáticos Modificadores da Doença, DMARD (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs), tal como o Metotrexato (MTX) são agentes terapêuticos que podem reduzir os sintomas desta doença.
Os linfócitos T CD8+, são células efectoras chave da resposta imune adquirida, contudo a sua actividade deve ser regulada de forma a permitir a eliminação eficiente dos patogénios e prevenir fenómenos de autoimunidade.
De forma a compreender o papel os linfócitos T CD8+ na AR foram estudadas as alterações da frequência das suas subpopulações no Sangue Periférico (SP) e no Líquido Sinovial (LS) de doentes com essa patologia (com diferentes actividades da doença e presença ou ausência de terapia com MTX), assim como as citocinas intracelulares libertadas por essa subpopulação de células através da técnica de Citometria de Fluxo (CF). Foram igualmente estudadas as alterações dos níveis séricos de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias através de um imunoensaio baseado numa aplicação da CF baseada em microesferas, CBAs (Cytometric Bead Array).
No nosso trabalho de investigação encontrámos alterações significativas das subpopulações de células T CD8+CD69+ (fenótipo de células activadas) nos doentes de AR. Concluímos que estas caracterizam a presença e o estado de actividade da doença, sendo um indicador directo da actividade da doença nos locais de inflamação. Desta forma consideramos que a análise da frequência desta subpopulação no SP dos doentes de AR permite confirmar um prognóstico da doença. Tendo em conta que a presença da subpopulação de células T CD8+ de Memória Efectora (com fenótipo CD27+CD62L-CCR7-) está correlacionada entre SP e LS de doentes de AR, podemos concluir que a partir de um screening feito no SP desses doentes obtenhamos informação sobre o comportamento dessa subpopulação celular no LS. A quantificação de citocinas e quimiocinas a partir do soro de doentes de AR veio, mais uma vez, demonstrar a importância destas nos mecanismos inflamatórios. Por um lado, proteínas com acção pró-inflamatória como a IL-10 e de recrutamento de células leucocitárias polimorfonucleares de fase aguda, como a MIP-1α estão diminuídas na AR. Por outro lado, quimiocinas como a MCP-1, MIP-1β, MIG e IL-8, que embora sejam sintetizadas por diferentes subpopulações têm o papel de recrutar células para o processo inflamatório e algumas também se encontram envolvidas na reparação de tecidos danificados, estão aumentadas nos doentes com a mesma patologia. Desta forma, concluímos que estas proteínas são importantes factores na manifestação e cronicidade desta patologia.
A terapêutica por administração de MTX aos doentes de AR demonstrou causar alterações nas subpopulação de células T CD8+ de Memória Central (aumento significativo), de Memória Efectora (diminuição significativa) e nas subpopulações de células T CD8+ que libertam IL-17 (diminuição significativa). Estes resultados levam-nos a sugerir que um dos mecanismos de acção do MTX é feito sobre essas subpopulações de linfócitos T CD8+.
Concluímos que várias subpopulações de linfócitos T CD8+ estudadas têm um impacto significativo no estabelecimento e permanência desta patologia crónica, o que estimulou interesse para desenvolver futuramente um possível diagnóstico para a AR a partir do conhecimento que produzimos relativamente ao papel dos linfócitos T citotóxicos (CTLs) nessa patologia, assim como uma nova terapêutica biológica direccionada para a acção desses linfócitos.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic inflammation, synovitis and the presence of autoantibodies (such as citrullinated proteins and rheumatoid factor). This disease causes joint damage, disability, decreased quality of life, and vascular diseases. The Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drug (DMARDs), such as Methotrexate (MTX), are therapeutic agents that can reduce the symptoms of this disease. The CD8+ T lymphocytes are key effectors cells of the acquired immune response, but their activity must be regulated in order to enable the efficient elimination of pathogens and prevent autoimmune phenomena. In order to understand the role of the CD8+ T cells in RA, we studied the changes in the frequencies of its subpopulations in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (with different disease activity and with or without therapy with MTX), as well as intracellular cytokines released by this population of T cells using the technique of Flow Cytometry (FC). We also studied the changes in serum proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by an immunoassay based on an application of the –FC based beads - Cytometric Bead Array (CBAs). In our research work we found significant changes in the CD8CD69+T cells subpopulation (phenotype of activated cells) in patients with RA. We thus conclude that these cells characterize the establishment and activity of RA, and can be assumed as a direct indicator of local inflammation. We thus consider that the analysis of the frequency of this subpopulation in the PB of patients affected with RA could be used as a new way of prognosis. Given that the frequency of the subpopulation of effector memory CD8+T cells (phenotype: CD27+CD62L-CCR7-) has shown a correlation in PB and SF of patients affected with RA, we can conclude that from a screening done in the PB of these patients, we obtain information about the behavior of these cells in the SF. Quantification of cytokines and chemokines from the serum of RA patients came once again demonstrate the importance of these inflammatory mechanisms. On the one hand proteins with proinflammatory action, such as IL-10, and recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells of the acute phase, such as MIP-1α, are decreased in RA. On the other hand, chemokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1β, IL-8 and MIG, which although synthesized by different subpopulations have a role in recruiting cells to the inflammatory process and some are also involved in the repair of damaged tissues, are increased in patients with the same pathology. Thus, we conclude that these proteins are important factors in onset and chronicity of the condition. The therapy performed by administering MTX to patients with RA caused changes primarily on the subpopulation of Central Memory (significant increase) and Effector Memory (significant decrease) CD8+ T cells, but also on subset the CD8+T cells that release IL-17 (significant decrease). These results lead us to suggest that one mechanism of action of MTX is by targeting these subsets of CD8+ T cells. We conclude that the several subpopulations of CD8+ T cells that we studied have a significant impact on the establishment and maintenance of this chronic pathology. Therefore in the future we are interested in developing a possible diagnosis for RA based on the information we provided regarding the role of CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) in this pathology, as well as a new biological therapies targeting these lymphocytes.
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Otiniano, Rosales Vanessa Jacquelin. "Comunicación institucional en el marco de la intervención del Programa Nacional de Empleo Juvenil “Jóvenes a la obra” del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6809.
Abstract:
Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDa a conocer la experiencia profesional obtenida en el Programa Nacional de Empleo Juvenil Jóvenes a la Obra, del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo, durante el período 2012 - 2015. El autor de esta investigación ingresa a laborar a los cinco meses de creación, teniendo como tarea fortalecer las acciones de promoción y difusión que posicionarán a “Jóvenes a la Obra” como un programa de éxito, en desarrollar y fortalecer las competencias laborales de las y los jóvenes 15 a 29 años de edad a nivel nacional. El documento recoge, describe y analiza, tres aspectos importantes: las estrategias de comunicación, los lineamientos de comunicación en los que opera el Programa “Jóvenes a la Obra” y la comunicación como un eje transversal en los procesos técnicos - operativos.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Halal, Camila dos Santos El. "Associação entre restrição de sono e sobrepeso/obesidade entre crianças do sul do Brasil: estudo de uma coorte de nascimentos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6809.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2014Introduction: Pediatric obesity has become a worldwide public health concern, with a perspective of an even greater increase over the next years, especially among developing countries. Overweight children are exposed from an early age to comorbidities and chronic pathologies that imply on an increase in morbimortality. Concomitantly, the general population, including children, has been sleeping gradatively less time. Studies have been searching for evidence linking sleep deprivation to overweight or obesity. Among pre-school children, this correlation is not well established. Objective: To evaluate the relation between sleep deprivation in the first years of life and overweight or obesity at 4 years of age. Materials and Methods: We used the data from the Pelotas, Brazil, 2004 birth Cohort, corresponding to perinatal, 12, 24 and 48 months follow-ups. On these moments, the child´s main caretaker responded to questions regarding sleep and feeding habits, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Children who slept for less than 10 hours per night were considered sleep deprived. Children with a BMI Z-score 2 standard deviations above limits established by the World Health Organization were considered overweight, and those with a BMI Z-score above 3 standard deviations were considered obese. Results: Of the 4263 live births in Pelotas during the study year, 4231 were enrolled in the study. Of those, 94%, 93. 5% and 92% were re-evaluated on the 12, 24 and 48-month follow-ups, respectively. On the analysis stratified by age, only at 24 months we found a positive association between sleep deprivation and overweight at 48 months (PR 1,731. CI95% 1,246; 2,406. P=0,001). Analyzing the relation between sleep deprivation at any moment during the study period, we found that sleep-deprived children had a 27% higher chance of overweight/obesity at the end of the study (RP 1,267. CI 95% 0,989;1,624). This association was maintained after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusion: On the studied population, children with sleep deprivation between 12 and 48 months of age showed a higher chance of being overweight or obese at 4 years. These findings show the importance of sleep quality and sleep hygiene in prevention and management of overweight and obesity in childhood.
Introdução: A obesidade infantil configura um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, com uma perspectiva de aumento ainda mais significativo nos próximos anos, especialmente entre países em desenvolvimento. Crianças com sobrepeso são expostas desde muito cedo a comorbidades e patologias crônicas que implicam em aumento da morbimortalidade. Concomitantemente, as horas de sono da população em geral, inclusive crianças, vêm diminuindo de maneira gradativa. Estudos vêm buscando evidencias que conectem a redução do número de horas de sono noturno e obesidade. Entre crianças em idade pré-escolar, tal correlação ainda não está bem estabelecida. Objetivo: Avaliar e associação entre restrição de sono nos primeiros anos de vida e sobrepeso/obesidade aos 4 anos. Materiais e Métodos: Foi utilizado o banco de dados da Coorte de Nascimentos de 2004 da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil, correspondentes aos acompanhamentos perinatal, de 12, 24 e 48 meses. Nesses momentos, o principal cuidador da criança respondeu perguntas a respeito de hábitos de sono, alimentares e sobre características demográficas e socioeconômicas. Consideraram-se restritas em sono as crianças que dormiam em média menos de 10 horas por noite. Consideraram-se com sobrepeso as crianças com escore-Z para IMC a partir de 2 desvios-padrões da média estabelecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, e obesos os com a partir de 3 desvios-padrão. Resultados: Dentre os 4. 263 nascidos-vivos daquela cidade, 4. 231 foram inscritos no estudo ainda no período perinatal. Deste total, permaneceram em acompanhamento nos seguimentos de 12, 24 e 48 meses, respectivamente, 94%, 93,5% e 92%. Nas análises por faixa etária, somente aos 24 meses houve associação significativa entre restrição de sono e sobrepeso/obesidade aos 48 meses (PR 1,731. CI95% 1,246; 2,406. P=0,001). Avaliando-se a associação entre restrição de sono em algum momento durante o período acompanhamento e sobrepeso/obesidade aos 48 meses, encontrou-se que os restritos em sono tiveram uma chance 27% maior (RP 1,267. CI 95% 0,989;1,624) de alterações de peso ao final do acompanhamento. Essa associação se manteve após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão. Conclusão: Na população estudada, crianças com restrição de sono entre 12 e 48 meses apresentaram maior chance de sobrepeso/obesidade aos 48 meses. Estes achados chamam a atenção para a importância da qualidade do sono e da implantação de higiene do sono na prevenção e manejo de sobrepeso e obesidade na infância.
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Chem, Eduardo Mainieri. "Uso da cola de fibrina na anastomose nervosa : estudo comparativo experimental, em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6809.
Abstract:
A procura de um método que permita um melhor resultado na anastomose de um nervo completamente seccionado é antiga. Há muitos anos a técnica, dita convencional, para aproximação dos cotos afastados do nervo lesado, é realizada com pontos de fios microcirúrgicos. Mais recentemente, a utilização da cola de fibrina tem permitido a adesão de tecidos, como pele, fáscia e outras estruturas anatômicas. O uso da cola de fibrina, na aproximação das extremidades nervosas, tem sido propagada pela indústria como um fato incontestável. No entanto, somente com a realização de estudos comparativos clínicos e laboratoriais tornou-se possível comparar a eficácia da cola de fibrina como agente de reconstituição em lesões de nervos periféricos. Com o objetivo de comprovar essa afirmação foi realizado um trabalho através de uma mensuração nas bainhas de mielina de cotos regenerados de nervos entre diferentes tipos de anastomose nervosas em nervo isquiático de ratos da raça Wistar. Com esse mesmo escopo, foi mensurado o número de axônios em regeneração após o uso dessa cola. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 35 ratos divididos em 03 grupos (A, B e C). No grupo A, 25 ratos foram submetidos à cirurgia com o uso da cola de fibrina para a anastomose nervosa. No grupo B, 05 ratos foram submetidos ao mesmo procedimento; entretanto, ao reparo nervoso acrescentou-se a utilização de dois pontos opostos de mononylon 9-0, usando-se cola de fibrina no seu interior. No terceiro grupo (C), 05 ratos foram submetidos a neurorrafia com 6 a 8 pontos de mononylon 9-0 sem auxílio da cola de fibrina (anastomose nervosa convencional). Os animais foram submetidos a um novo procedimento após 90 dias, quando o nervo isquiático tratado foi retirado e encaminhado para o estudo. Após esse procedimento, os animais foram sacrificados. Cabe esclarecer que os espécimens foram submetidas a uma preparação histológica, sendo avaliados. Para tanto, foi realizada uma mensuração da espessura média da bainha de mielina das fibras regeneradas. Também foi realizada uma medição do número de axônios regenerados em um milímetro quadrado. Com base nesses achados, foram comparados os resultados.The search for a method that allows better results for the anastomosis of a completely sectioned nerve has been pursuitted from a long time. From many years the conventional technique using microsurgical sutures has been used to bring near the separated stumps of the injured nerve. Actually, the fibrin glue use is allowing tissue adhesion of the skin, fascia and other anatomical structures. The fibrin glue use for the nervous edges approach, have been propagated by the industries as an incontestable fact. Trying to verify this affirmation an evaluation through the myelin sheath was made along regenerated nerve edges between different techniques of anastomosis of an injured sciatic nerve from Wistar. Was also measured the axon regeneration after this glue application. A 35 rats sample was separated in 03 groups (A, B and C). In group A 25 rats were submitted to nervous anastomosis surgery using fibrin glue. In group B, 05 rats were submitted to the same procedure; however, during nervous repair, two opposite stitches of mononylon 9-0 were added with inward fibrin glue. In group C 05 rats were submitted to neuroraphy with 6-8 stitches of mononylon 9-0 without fibrin glue use (conventional nervous anastomosis). The animals were submitted to a new procedure, 90 days after the initial surgery, to remove and lead to additional study the healed portion of the sciatic nerve. After this procedure the animals were sacrificed. These specimens were submitted to histological preparation and evaluated. The myelin sheath thickness average of the regenerated fibers was measured. The number of regenerated axons by (milimetro quadrado) was also measured. Using these measures a comparison between the results were made.
41
Subow, Valentina. "The global governance of trade in agriculture: the role of tariff and non-tariff measures illustrated with an example of agricultural exports from South Africa to the EU." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6809.
Abstract:
Due to its importance to food security and employment, the agricultural sector is a source of international conflict and inherently vulnerable to shocks and insecurities in the past and present. Accordingly, nation-states view respective domesticagricultural sectors as an exception, which meritsprotectionism and which needs protection from the rigors of free market forces and international competition withoutincurring heavy social, economic and political costs. For that matter, states traditionally impose protectionist measures to guard domestic agricultural sectors from external shocks. Paradoxically, the implementation of widespread protectionist measures has led to increasing volatilities in the supply and demand of agricultural commodities, e.g. by causing subsidized surplus stock (Friedmann 1982: 86). Against the backdrop of deep structural frictions and the implementation of pervasive protectionist measures, intergovernmental organizations aim to liberalize the global governance of trade in agriculture.
42
Castle, John C. "Imaging mid-mantle discontinuities : implications for mantle chemistry, dynamics, rheology, and deep earthquakes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6809.
43
Seipel, Melissa. "Natural Disaster Films: A Social Learning and Perceived Realism Perspective." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6809.
Abstract:
This study investigates the relationship between social learning and perceived realism in the context of an entertainment media text, the 2015 movie San Andreas. As a fictional natural disaster movie, this film depicts several safety and survival techniques that could potentially be observed and adopted by audience members should they face a similar situation (i.e. major earthquake). While the majority of these techniques align with professionally recommended behaviors, a few are misleading. This study investigates the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions different groups of audience members hold concerning the behaviors they observed in the film. Participants were grouped by geologically-based knowledge levels and levels of perceived realism. While the findings of this study reveal minimal differences based on knowledge and perceived realism, results clearly show that the film triggered high levels of curiosity and thinking about earthquakes and earthquake safety across the board. Furthermore, all audience members appeared to be persuaded on both a conscious and even more so on a subconscious level to behave as the characters in the film did, assuming the consequences of those actions were positive. These findings suggest that entertainment media texts can be a powerful educational and persuasive tool.
44
Sanousi, Mohammed. "The expected effects of the National School Nutrition Programme: Evidence from a case study in Cape Town, Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6809.
Abstract:
Magister Artium - MASchool feeding programmes have become a worldwide poverty reduction strategy that are designed to enhance human capital, i.e. nutrition and education. In South Africa, the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) began in 1994 and it was designed to enhance learning capacity, to support nutrition education in schools and to promote school gardens. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the expected impacts (nutrition and education) of the NSNP in Cape Town have been achieved. The study used the theory of change as an attempt to explore the expected impacts of the programme and it involved a qualitative research approach. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Note-taking and observations of non-verbal behaviour techniques were also used to capture any relevant information. The respondents were 4 school principals, 4 teacher coordinators, 4 food handlers, 4 members of the School Governing Body and one staff member from the Department of Basic Education (DBE) of the Western Cape. Findings from the global literature show that the impacts of school feeding programmes are quite mixed (between nutrition and education). This study has found that the NSNP in Cape Town has improved food security, i.e. reduced short-term hunger (but not necessarily nutrition) and it gave energy to the learners that helped them to actively participate in learning. It also eliminated some negative class behaviours and it functioned as an additional meal to some poor learners. On the education front, it enhanced school attendance, class participation and possibly improved learner performance. However, the programme has also experienced some challenges, i.e. the food quality and quantity, targeting system (the quintile system) that excluded some poor learners from receiving NSNP meals and food gardens were not producing sufficient food because they were small and poorly maintained. This study recommends that rigorous impact evaluation of the NSNP in Cape Town is required in order to address the challenges that were identified as well as to enhance the programme so that it can achieve the desired impacts.
45
Fernelius, Courtney L. "Evidence-Based Practices for the Design of Inclusive Playgrounds that Support Peer Interactions Among Children with All Abilities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6809.
Abstract:
Play is necessary for the social, emotional, intellectual, and physical development of all children. Although playgrounds are designed to support the play of children, children with disabilities are often unable to fully participate in play on playgrounds. As a result, children with disabilities experience fewer opportunities to participate in play, and hence have fewer developmental opportunities. Because of the lack of awareness of evidence-based practices supporting the play of children with disabilities, playground designers continue to perpetuate this disparity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the evidence-based practices for inclusive playground design that support peer interaction between children of all abilities, and to demonstrate how they can be implemented into a playground design. Through a systematic literature review and design implementation, 10 evidence-based practices of inclusive playground design were determined and then implemented into a playground design located on the Utah State University campus. The design for this inclusive playground was evaluated, analyzing the ease and difficulty of including each of the 10 practices of inclusive playground design. The results of this study provide designers with a concise list of 10 practices that, if implemented, should create an inclusive playground setting. These practices also have research-based evidence to support their effectiveness in facilitating peer interactions between children of all abilities. As our society strives to make various environments and built structures more inclusive, the results of this study provide a helpful resource to guide designers, administrators, businesses, city councils, and many more organizations in their work to create inclusive playgrounds.
46
Seymour, Yetrevias. "Transitioning from Student to Nurse Practitioner Using the One-Minute-Preceptor Model." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6809.
Abstract:
Nurse practitioners (NPs) are significant members of the health care team. Variation and lack of standardization in the practicum preparation of the NP has been identified as problematic. There is a need to improve NPs preparation to efficiently and independently impact health care. This project presented the 1-minute-preceptor (OMP) model as a standard tool in the practicum preparation of the NP through a preceptor-focused continuing education session. The aim of the OMP is to help ensure that students are exposed to the level of critical thinking and problem solving needed in the role of an independent, efficient NP. Knowles's adult learning theory and the educational design process model provided the theoretical framework and guided the development, implementation, and evaluation of the continuing education program. Participation in the continuing education program was voluntary. Pretests, posttests, and evaluations of the continuing education session were collected and analyzed. Ten preceptors participated in the educational session and evaluation. Based on pretest and posttest results, knowledge of the OMP model improved from 70% before the education program to 100% after the program. Participants also indicated interest in using a tool capable of ensuring an effective student-preceptor encounter, and 100% stated they would use the information presented in future preceptor–student interactions. Continuing education program evaluation results indicated participant satisfaction with the presentation. To positively impact social change, the findings of this project may be used by NPs and preceptors to effectively and efficiently impact patient outcomes early in practice.
47
Montgomery, Katherine Frances. ""Drear flight and homeless wandering": gender, economics, and crises of identity in mid-Victorian women's fiction." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6809.
Abstract:
My dissertation begins with the central crisis of Jane Eyre, in which Jane flees Thornfield Hall after her failed marriage, is unable to find work, and almost dies of exposure and starvation on the moors. She finds herself asking "What was I to do? Where to go? Oh, intolerable questions, when I could do nothing and go nowhere!" I suggest that this passage, and others that echo it in Villette and works by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, and George Eliot can be read in terms of early Victorian anxieties over middle-class women's inability to support themselves should they need to. Most literary criticism on women and work focuses on the end of the century, which saw an explosion of the topic in public debate and literature of the time; in my work, I explore how these discussions and anxieties about women's work were developing much earlier than is usually discussed. While the fin-de-siècle figure of the New Woman characteristically moves through urban landscapes in ways that emphasize her independence (alone, on bicycles, on buses, to and from places of work and her own domicile), earlier middle-class Victorian women walk out of domestic spaces that are not their own, and any brief sense of freedom is swiftly followed by a sense of desperation or need. These women wander through economic landscapes in ways that point to their profound state of dependence and their inability to support themselves. Given that women are still, today, the first economic victims of a recession, I am interested in tracing how women writers started responding to this vulnerability almost as soon as it became visible with the establishment of an industrial economy and the rise of the middle class in early- and mid-Victorian England.
While some extant criticism examines Victorian gender and economics in literature on a text-by-text basis, I propose a comprehensive model with four modes for understanding how woman move through economic and physical landscapes in Victorian fiction: 1) in a mode of desperation that points to a fundamental problem with middle-class women's vulnerable economic position (Bronte's Jane Eyre and Villette); 2) in a mode of learning to better understand their limited but relative privilege compared to working-class women (Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh); 3) in a problematized mode of successful self-reinvention, prompted by economic aspirations, that poses a danger to conventional social hierarchy and therefore marks the woman as errant or evil (sensation fiction, Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret and Aurora Floyd); and 4) in a mode of self-revelation in which a woman comes to realize how her own perpetual state of dependence has affected her choices (Eliot's Daniel Deronda and Middlemarch). Desperation, comprehension, problematic self-invention, revelation: Victorian women's wanderings consistently point to, through the movement of the woman's body, the ways that the woman is an economic subject, perhaps before she is anything else.
48
Maddalena, Luciano <1939>. "LA FILOSOFIA NELL'ARTE." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6809.
Abstract:
La Tesi è uno studio-ricerca sullo status dell'arte e della filosofia negli ultimi due Secoli.A partie dalla Civiltà Greca nella quale le attività artistiche acquistarono una loro definizione per mezzo della tèchne come fare umano espresso dalla poiesis, si addiviene ad una ontologia dell'opera d'arte come metafisica descrittiva che esprime una verità alternativa rispetto alla scienza.La tesi,inoltre è un'indagine sul pensiero estetico-filosofico di:Etiènne Souriau,Heidegger,Giovanni Gentile,Emanuele Severino ed un riferimento alla Filosofia fra Arte e Scienza.
49
Мирошниченко, Юлія Олександрівна, Юлия Александровна Мирошниченко, Yuliia Oleksandrivna Myroshnychenko, and Bondar A. V. "CSER standards as a basis for combating cor-ruption in companies of the real sector of the economy: stakeholder approach." Thesis, Morrisville, Lulu Press, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68009.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of implementation CSER standards as
a basis for combating corruption in Ukrainian companies of the real sector of the economy.
Much attention is given to ISO 37001, ISO 26000 and peculiarities of the implementation of
the Compliance Policy.
50
Захаркін, Олексій Олександрович, Алексей Александрович Захаркин, Oleksii Oleksandrovych Zakharkin, Людмила Сергіївна Захаркіна, Людмила Сергеевна Захаркина, and Liudmyla Serhiivna Zakharkina. "Особливості формування професійних компетентностей фінансиста в умовах глобального розвитку корпоративних фінансів." Thesis, Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68309.
Abstract:
Розглянуто особливості формування професійних компетентностей фінансистів в сучасних реаліях вищої освіти в Україні. Визначено основні перспективи цього процесу з урахуванням глобальних трендів розвитку корпоративних фінансів.Рассмотрены особенности формирования профессиональных компетенций финансистов в современных реалиях высшего образования в Украине. Определены основные перспективы этого процесса с учетом глобальных трендов развития корпоративных финансов.
The peculiarities of formation of professional competencies of financiers in modern realities of higher education in Ukraine are considered. The main perspectives of this process are determined taking into account global trends of corporate finance development.