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1
Borba, Fernando Hernique, Leandro Pellenz, Francine Bueno, Bianca dos Santos Antes, and Jonas Jean Inticher. "Investigação da Toxicidade Aguda (Lactuca sativa) e da Degradação do Corante Índigo Carmim pelo Processo de Oxidação Foto-Fenton." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i2.p307-332.
Abstract:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a degradação do corante Índigo Carmim via processo foto-Fenton. A partir de uma metodologia de superfície de resposta foram investigadas as melhores condições experimentais de pH inicial (2,5 - 3,5), [H2O2] inicial (29,5 - 130,5 mg L-1) e [Fe2+] inicial (13,2 - 40 mg L-1). Para verificar a eficiência do processo foram analisadas as reduções da absorvância nos comprimentos de onda correspondentes aos picos de absorção do corante Índigo Carmim. A melhor performance do processo foto-Fenton foi observada em pH inicial 2,8, [H2O2] inicial de 29,5 mg L-1 e [Fe2+] inicial de 13,2 mg L-1, obtendo uma redução de absorvância de 74, 98, 85 e 100%, em 120 minutos para os comprimentos de 254 nm, 284 nm, 310 nm e 610 nm, respectivamente. Estes resultados indicaram uma significativa degradação do corante, observada especialmente na região de absorção do seu grupo cromóforo (610 nm). No entanto, bioensaios utilizando Lactuca sativa mostraram um aumento da toxicidade da solução tratada, sugerindo a formação de subprodutos intermediários mais tóxicos. Desta forma, se faz necessária a integração de um processo complementar ao foto-Fenton para a redução da toxicidade do corante Índigo Carmim, minimizando os impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo descarte inadequado destes compostos em corpos hídricos.
2
Nozaka, Takashi, Yoji Mizutani, Gun Bhakdisongkhram, Yuta Kawakami, Masahiro Echizen, Takashi Nishida, Hiroaki Takeda, Kiyoshi Uchiyama, and Tadashi Shiosaki. "Preparation of (Ba1-x, Srx)TiO3 Thin Films on Glazed Alumina Substrate and Improvement of Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.127.
Abstract:
In this study, (Ba1-x,Srx)TiO3 thin films of various composition ratios were deposited on glazed Al2O3 substrates by the CSD method, and the temperature dependence of the dielectric property was analyzed. The dielectric property of the BST (80/20) thin film annealed at C was highly tunable, and the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was stabilized at around room temperature. However, this BST (80/20) thin film exhibited intense ferroelectricity. Its tan intensified to 0.0511 in the high-frequency range (1 MHz). After the BST thin film was annealed at 600C, the grain size of the BST thin film was reduced to 40 nm and the ferroelectricity was alleviated. The dielectric constant, tan, and tunability of the BST thin film at 100 kHz were 158, 0.0170, and 39.6 (214 kV/cm, 6.0 V), respectively. The change rate of the dielectric constant, which indicates its temperature dependence, was ±7 or less in the range of -55 to 85C. Therefore, this BST thin film was considered to guarantee a wide operation temperature range for microwave tunable devices.
3
Pekur, D. V., Yu V. Kolomzarov, V. M. Sorokin, and Yu E. Nikolaenko. "Super powerful LED luminaires with a high color rendering index for lighting systems with combined electric power supply." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 25, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo25.01.097.
Abstract:
Considered in this paper are development and creation of high-power LED luminaires with high light efficiency and color rendering index (CRI). As light sources, there used are 6 powerful LED СОВ (Chip-on-Board) modules CreeCXA 2550, the radiation of which contains quasi-chromatic peaks in the spectral range 600…650 nm. It allows to provide CRI values higher than 92. Features of the improved compact construction of the luminaire with indicated COB modules have been presented. To ensure normal thermal regimes of LED COB modules, a small cooling system based on heat pipes has been created, the optimal dimensions of the structural elements of which have been determined by computer simulation. The results of modeling and experimental studies have shown that the developed and manufactured passive cooling system of LED COB modules provides operation temperature modes (up to 85 °C) of light-emitting crystals at the total electric power of COB modules up to 290 W and allows using the luminaires of this type in the systems of continuous artificial illumination with combined power supply. The efficiency of the developed cooling system at some angles to the horizon expands the scope of applying the illumination device.
4
Ordinola Navarro, Alberto, Orestes de Jesús Cobos-Quevedo, Javier Cervantes-Bojalil, Esperanza Pérez Álvarez, Andrea González Gil, Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro, Ana Laura Carrillo-González, et al. "High mortality at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in a referral center in the metropolitan area of Mexico City." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 08 (August 30, 2022): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14389.
Abstract:
Introduction: There is limited information about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease in Latin-American countries. Our objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Mexico.
Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 333 consecutive patients who were admitted to Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret" in Mexico City with COVID-19 between April 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, treatment details and 30-day outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The patients studied included 52% men (172/233) and the median age was 45 years. Up to 75% (250/333) of patients were classified as overweight or obese. There were 185 (56%) inpatients; 85% (158/185) were hospitalized in the general ward, and 15% (27/185) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Laboratory measurements showed significant differences between inpatients and outpatients such as lymphocyte-count (median 0.8 vs 1.2×109/L, p < 0.001), LDH (median 650 vs 294 U/L, p < 0.001), CRP (median 147 vs 5 mg/L, p = 0.007), CK-MB (median, 15 vs 10 U/L, p = 0.008), ferritin (median, 860 vs 392 ng/mL, p = 0.02), and D-dimer (median, 780 vs 600 ng/mL, p = 0.15). These differences were seen between survivor and non-survivor patients as well. The rate of death in mechanically ventilated patients was 94% (67/71). Mortality at 30-day follow-up was 57% (105/185).
Conclusions: We observed that majority of the non-survivors were obese and young. Complications leading to death was observed in majority of the cases.
5
Haferlach, Torsten, Manja Meggendorfer, Susanne Schnittger, Annette Fasan, Wolfgang Kern, and Claudia Haferlach. "Clinical Impact of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Monitoring in AML with PM-Rara, CBFB-MYH11, and RUNX1-RUNX1T1: A Study on 600 Patients." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.228.228.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction: The cure rate in AML is dependent on patient´s (pts) age and performance, cytogenetics, early blast clearance and sustainable first complete remission. Investigation of minimal residual disease (MRD) is possible by multiparameter flow cytometry and molecular techniques. Recent findings have further depicted a broad spectrum of molecular markers in AML in 99% of pts (TCGA, NEJM, 2013). This broadens the portfolio of targets for MRD assessment and will hopefully help to better individualize treatment strategies. We here focused - as a paradigm - on the three hallmarks for molecular MRD studies in AML. Aims: To better define the clinical impact and to suggest strategies for MRD monitoring in AML with PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11, and RUNX1-RUNX1T1. Patients and Methods: Between 2005 und 2015 we at diagnosis investigated 321 PML-RARA, 134 CBFB-MYH11, and 145 RUNX1-RUNX1T1 AML pts. Individual follow-up time points during their course of disease were studied in 2657, 1047, and 890 samples, respectively. Thus, the combined number of investigated samples is 4,594. Molecular techniques applied comprised quantitative real-time PCR and nested PCR. Median age in PML-RARA was 52 years (yrs) (2-86 yrs), in CBFB-MYH11 53 yrs (21-81 yrs), and in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 52 yrs (10-83 yrs). Median time between 2 investigations was 3.0 months (mo) in PML-RARA, 2.1 mo in CBFB-MYH11, and 2.8 mo in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 pts (range for all 0.1-40.4 mo), respectively. All pts were treated with standard protocols according to genotype and age. Allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplantation was performed in 85 pts (14%). Results: 294/321 pts (92%) with PML-RARA achieved complete molecular remission (CMR) after a median of 2.9 mo (range: 0.8-9.7 mo). In contrast, in CBFB-MYH11 CMR was reached in 89/134 pts (66%) after a median of 7.4 mo (range: 1.6-16.8 mo), and in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 CMR was reached in 75/145 pts (51%) after a median of 4.7 mo (range: 1.0-11.5 mo). Of note, some of the CBFB-MYH11 pts never reached CMR, always showing low level signals. 95% (278/294) of PML-RARA pts that achieved CMR stayed in first CMR and did not relapse within a median follow-up of 32.6 mo (range: 1.2-134.5 mo). 5% (16/294) relapsed at a median interval after CMR of 8.1 mo. However, a second CMR was reached in 12/16 pts after relapse. Five of these 12 pts suffered from second relapses, whereof 4 pts achieved a third CMR. Third relapses occurred in 2/4 pts. 69/89 (78%) of pts with CBFB-MYH11 stayed in first CMR and never relapsed during a median follow-up of 10.4 mo (range: 1.6-47.1 mo). 20/89 relapsed after 4.0 mo of CMR, whereof 11 achieved second CMR. 3/11 relapsed again. 63/75 (84%) of pts with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 stayed in first CMR and never relapsed during a median follow-up of 10.1 mo (range: 1.0-65.8 mo). However, 12/75 relapsed after a median time of CMR of 5.3 mo. 4/12 achieved another CMR. In 85 patients (10 PML-RARA, 42 CBFB-MYH11, and 33 RUNX1-RUNX1T1) allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplantation (Tx) was performed, and 72/85 (85%) were rescued by Tx. However, two patients each with PML-RARA and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 relapsed, respectively, and 9 in CBFB-MYH11 positive AML after Tx. Patients did not experience first relapse later than 50.3 mo in CMR in PML-RARA, later than 30.7 mo in CBFB-MYH11, and later than 35.7 mo in RUNX1-RUNX1T1. Additionally, keeping periods between two MRD samplings at a maximum of 3 mo allowed the detection of nearly all cases of first relapse due to the molecular hint. Addressing the sensitivity levels of the assays applied to bone marrow (BM) versus peripheral blood (pB) samples showed a 1.4 fold higher sensitivity for BM samples (median copies of reference gene, 13,204 vs 9,240). Due to the comparable sensitivities pB can be investigated until a first hint of relapse, followed by BM sampling for confirmation. Conclusions: 1) MRD by molecular techniques reliably defines pts risks in AML with PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11, and RUNX1-RUNX1T1, respectively. 2) Clinical decisions are reliable within screening intervals of 3 mo using pB. 3) Relapses in first CMR are not detected later than 50.3 mo in PML-RARA, 30.7 mo in CBFB-MYH11, and 35.7 mo in RUNX1-RUNX1T1 AML, respectively. 4) Pts after relapse can be rescued by transplantation in the majority of cases. 5) As the availability of other molecular markers in AML has dramatically increased, more individualized treatment strategies based on specific MRD monitoring are achievable in nearly every patient in the near future. Disclosures Haferlach: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Meggendorfer:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Fasan:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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СИДОРОВА, В. Ю. "THE RESULTS OF PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED BEEF CATTLE BREEDING’S IMITATION MODELING." Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2023.80.12.004.
Abstract:
В структуре производства крупного рогатого скота на мясные цели доля продукции от разведения чистопородного и помесного скота составляет около 20%. Цель исследования — определить особенности разведения чистопородного и помесного мясного скота, установить эффективность использования резервов при его разведении на мясные цели с применением инновационных технологий кормления и содержания. Модель воспроизводства стада — 284 (продолжительность стельности — постоянная величина) и 90 (сервис–период — изменяемая величина) — показала, что наиболее близкими к эффективному воспроизводству скота для мясных целей оказались животные мясного направления продуктивности с сезонными отелами. Вопрос влияния других различных элементов технологии выращивания на эффективность разведения чистопородных и помесных животных на откорме изучен недостаточно полно и требует уточнения. Результаты исследований, отражающие различия в технологии выращивания мясного скота, показали, что для определения эффективности разведения крупного рогатого скота различных конституциональных типов был разработан методический подход с математическим и логическим выражением регрессии признаков: f1/f2+m1/m2+g1/g2+(n∑y…u), где переменные g, m, f — математические, а остальные — логические признаки: при использовании резервов выращивания до 18-месячного возраста живая масса бычков черно-пестрой породы достигает 395,4 кг, помесных бычков — 431,5 кг, а абердин ангусских — 600—650 кг. In the cattle production for meat purposes’ structure , the share of products from both purebred and mixed cattle breeding reaches about 20%: for comparison, this figure in the USA and Canada reaches 70-75%, in Australia — 85%, in EU countries — 40—50%. The purpose of the study was the purebred and mixed beef cattle breeding features to determine, and in breeding effectiveness reserves for cattle for meat purposes with innovative technologies using for young animals’ feeding and keeping to establish. The herd reproduction model, which takes the form is: 284 (pregnancy duration — constant value) + 90 (service period — variable value) showed that the animals of the meat production with seasonal calving were the closest to the effective reproduction of livestock for meat purposes. At the same time, the issue of the influence of other various elements of the raising technology of purebred and crossbred animals breeding for fattening’s efficiency has not been studied fully enough and requires clarification. To determine the effectiveness of breeding various types of livestock, a methodological approach was developed, with a mathematical and logical expression of regression features: f1/f2 + m1/m2 +g1/g2 +(n∑y...u), where the variables g, m, f are mathematical, and the rest logical.The research results reflecting differences in the beef cattle raising technology, showed that reserves using for growing up to 18 months of age, black-and-white bulls reach a live weight of 395.4 kg, crossbred bulls — 431.5 kg, and Aberdeen-Angus bulls — 600—650 kg.
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Jones, Nadiá M., M. Gabriela Bernardo-Gil, and M. Graço Lourenco. "Comparison of Methods for Extraction of Tobacco Alkaloids." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.2.309.
Abstract:
Abstract Ultrasound and microwave techniques were used to extract tobacco alkaloids, and response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction conditions. Ultrasonic technique factors were temperature, 30–85°C; time, 3–45 min; solvent volume, 8–80 mL. Microwave extraction factors were pressure, 15–75 psi; time, 3–40 min; power, 30–90% of the maximum magnetron power of 650 W. Soxhlet and solvent AOAC-modified extraction methods were also applied after some improvements. Nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine were quantified by gas chromatography. A steam distillation International Standards Organization method for total alkaloid evaluation was used as reference. The results obtained by the different methods were compared using a least squares deviation test. The ultrasonic and the proposed modified-AOAC extraction method were the more convenient with regard to practicability and precision. The relative deviations (n = 5) were as follows: For the ultrasonic method in low-level alkaloid tobaccos, 0.7% nicotine and 1.4–14% minor alkaloids; in high-level alkaloid tobaccos, 2.4% nicotine and 4.5–5.1% minor alkaloids. For the modified AOAC method in low-level alkaloid tobaccos, 0.9% nicotine and 2.4–11.6% minor alkaloids; and in high-level alkaloid tobaccos, 1.7% nicotine and 2.0–2.4% minor alkaloids.
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Imanova, K., E. Haydarov, Yu Lezgiev, T. Musayev, and G. Aliyeva. "Research on the Rose Wines Production in Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/32.
Abstract:
The native Matrasa grapes variety grown in the Samukh (79 m), Ganja (408 m) and Goygol (630 m) districts located at different altitudes above sea level, was used. Storage of pulp was carried out at different times — 3, 6, 12, 24 hours. Before maceration, desulfurization of the pulp is carried out. As a result of the tasting conducted according to a 10-point system with the participation of 9 tasters, a sample of rose wine aged in a pulp for 6 hours became more noticeable due to its transparency and color. At the same time, in terms of taste, typicality, aroma and bouquet, this sample was more preferable and eventually received a score of 9.6 points. Although there was no sharp difference between the number of aromatic substances in wine materials obtained from the Matrasa grape variety grown in different regions, some differences were still noticeable. Thus, the total amount of aromatic substances was 90.9 mg/dm3 in the wine material from the Goygol district, 88.6 mg/dm3 in Ganja and 85.6 mg/dm3 in Samukh. It turned out that in the sample of Samukh wine the content of acetates of higher alcohols was 5.7 mg/dm3, in Goygol — 5.2 mg/dm3 and, finally, in Ganja — 4.6 mg/dm3. Looking at the number of esters in both tables, it becomes clear that in the samples of wine from fatty acid esters the most common ethylhexanoate (1040-1210 mg/dm3) and ethyl-4-ONE-butanoate (1015-1430 mg/dm3).
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Tian, Yanli, Yuqiang Zhao, Jiaju Zhou, Ting Sun, Xue Luo, Chet Kurowski, Weirong Gong, Baishi Hu, and Ron R. Walcott. "Prevalence of Acidovorax citrulli in Commercial Cucurbit Seedlots During 2010–2018 in China." Plant Disease 104, no. 1 (January 2020): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0666-re.
Abstract:
Acidovorax citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a serious threat to cucurbit fruit and seed production worldwide. In recent years, the BFB has spread to many areas of China, mainly via the inadvertent distribution of contaminated commercial seeds. To assess the prevalence of seedborne A. citrulli in commercial watermelon and other cucurbitaceous seedlots in China, a 9-year survey was conducted between 2010 and 2018. A total of 4,839 seedlots of watermelon and other cucurbitaceous species were collected from 13 major seed production areas of China and tested by a semiselective media-based colony PCR technique for A. citrulli. Overall, A. citrulli was detected in 18.00% (871/4,839) of all cucurbitaceous seedlots. The bacterium was detected in 21.59% (38/176), 19.19% (33/172), 23.44% (214/913), 40.76% (247/606), 13.28% (85/640), 15.40% (95/617), 13.25% (73/551), 8.03% (48/598), and 6.71% (38/566) of all commercial seedlots tested from the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 growing seasons, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of A. citrulli in cucurbit seedlots was determined for different seed production areas. The prevalence of A. citrulli in cucurbitaceous seedlots produced in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and 9 other provinces was 18.76% (582/3103), 26.34% (103/391), 21.47% (82/382), 11.11% (14/126), and 10.75% (90/837), respectively. This is the first survey for A. citrulli in commercial cucurbit seeds in China, and the relatively high prevalence suggests that commercial seeds represent a substantial source of primary inoculum that can threaten cucurbit seed and fruit production in China.
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Dinç-Zor, Şule, Bürge Aşçi, Özlem Aksu Dönmez, and Özge Hacimustafa. "Experimental Design Approach to Optimize HPLC Separation of Active Ingredients, Preservatives, and Colorants in Syrup Formulation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1523.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: Preservatives and colorants in pharmaceutical products may be highly toxic, especially for sensitive individuals, when they are used in excessive amounts. In this context, sensitive and non-labor-intensive analytical methods with short analysis time for simultaneous quantification of these additive substances in drugs can meet all requirements in quality control laboratories. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a simultaneous HPLC method for the analysis of pseudoephedrine HCl and guaifenesin, along with preservatives, methyl paraben and propyl paraben, and colorants, ponceau 4R and sunset yellow, in a syrup sample. Methods: Optimum conditions of HPLC separation were determined by Box-Behnken experimental design. Four independent variables of the separation were pH (6.0, 6.5, and 7.0) and flow rate of the mobile phase (2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 mL/min) and mobile phase ratios for the first and second gradient elutions (75, 80, and 85% for Gradient 1 and 50, 55, and 60% for Gradient 2 in terms of phosphate buffer percent, respectively). Results: The optimum conditions were found to be pH, 6.3; flow rate, 2.4 mL/min; and mobile phase ratios (phosphate buffer-acetonitrile) for Gradient 1 and 2, 85+15 (v/v) and 60+40 (v/v), respectively. Conclusions: Simultaneous analysis of all compounds was achieved by using this HPLC method with a short run time below 10 min. Highlights: This simple, rapid, and validated method is convenient and applicable for routine analysis of pharmaceutical products having similar composition without the need for any extraction step.
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Kawabata, T., T. Kanai, and O. Izumi. "Positive temperature dependence of the yield stress in TiAl L10 type superlattice intermetallic compound single crystals at 293–1273 K." Acta Metallurgica 33, no. 7 (July 1985): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(85)90245-7.
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Rivers, Zachary, Ryan W. Huey, Rotem Ben-Shachar, Anjali Narayan Avadhani, Timothy J. Taxter, Kyle A. Beauchamp, Adam J. Hockenberry, et al. "Molecular diagnostic classification for cancers of unknown primary (CUP): Post-testing diagnosis and treatment impact analysis from real-world claims data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 6610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.6610.
Abstract:
6610 Background: Next-generation sequencing-based molecular diagnostic classifiers can help identify the tissue of origin for CUP, and enable the selection of site-specific therapies (as opposed to empiric chemotherapy) for this vulnerable population with high unmet need. NCCN guidelines do not endorse the use of tissue of origin classifiers as standard of care for CUP patients due to limited clinical evidence. Here, we linked results of a commercial molecular diagnostic classifier with claims data to understand how this test impacted patient care. Methods: We assessed de-identified claims data from the Komodo Healthcare Map (a database including provider visits, laboratory tests, procedures, imaging, and prescriptions) linked to the Tempus Tumor Origin (TO) test—a machine learning classifier that uses RNA-seq data to classify tumors into one of 68 histological subtypes. Eligible patients had pathologist-confirmed CUP and were classified as one of 9 subtypes (each having n>10). Impact was determined by identifying either one or more new diagnostic codes or new subtype-related medication claims following TO testing. Results: We analyzed data from 490 patients: 483 for the diagnosis analysis and 213 for the medication analysis (206 patients appear in both, due to differences in timing of diagnosis vs. medication claims). We found that post-TO testing, 49.9% (n=241) of patients had a diagnostic code change, 63.8% (n=136) had a treatment change, and 41% (n=85) had both. In total, 59.6% (n=292) of patients were impacted by the use of this classifier, with variation according to predicted subtype (Table). Cancer types with specific treatment options were more likely to have changes in diagnostic code or treatment. For CUP predicted as lung adenocarcinomas, 85% of the cases had a new subtype-aligned medication, and 78% were specifically placed on immunotherapy (IO) compared with 24% of overall patients. Conclusions: Using real-world claims data, we show that molecular diagnostic testing utilizing Tempus TO impacted care for a majority of CUP patients. This cohort will be followed to identify how TO testing decisions impact outcomes. [Table: see text]
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He, S. Y., Y. Q. Yu, G. C. Zhang, and Q. R. Yang. "Effects of Vacuum Pre-Cooling on Quality of Mushroom after Cooling and Storage." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.189.
Abstract:
Experiments were conducted to determine if vacuum cooling has an effect on the physical and chemical quality characteristics of mushroom after cooling and storage. Pressure, temperature and mass variations of mushroom were obtained during vacuum cooling. The pressure was decreased from 10000 Pa to 600 Pa within 4 min and then maintained it until the end of vacuum cooling process. Accordingly the temperature of mushroom dropped from initial 25.1 °C to 2.4 °C within 25 min, and the mass loss was 5.3%. Subsequently, vacuum cooled mushroom were stored at 1±0.5°C. and 85-95% of relative humidity for 2 weeks. The effects of vacuum cooling on the color, firmness, polyphenol oxidase and membrane permeability of mushroom after cooling and storage were determined. The results showed that vacuum cooling significantly reduced the polyphenol oxidase and membrane permeability.
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K Rolania, A Janu, S Ahlawat, and SS Yadav. "Imidacloprid residues in cotton guttation fluid, pollen and soil when applied as seed dressings." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 15 (June 30, 2023): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2315-121.
Abstract:
Guttation fluid and pollen are possible pathways where pollinators may be exposed to systemic insecticides. During the investigation, Gossypium hirsutum v. H 1098i seeds were coated with Gaucho (Imidacloprid 600 FS at 2.4 g a.i. kg-1seeds) and planted in the field. Guttation fluid, pollen, and soil samples were collected during the season and the samples were analysed by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The guttation fluid and pollen were collected at three times after 50 per cent flowering. Soil samples were collected before sowing and at harvest. Method validation was achieved by performing a recovery experiment at two fortification levels of 0.05 and 0.10 mg kg-1. The average recoveries obtained from guttation fluid, pollen and soil samples were above 85 per cent. The residues of imidacloprid in guttation fluid, pollen and soil in treated and untreated seed were below detectable levels.
15
Goss, Greg G., and Steve F. Perry. "Physiological and morphological regulation of acid–base status during hypercapnia in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-234.
Abstract:
A kinetic analysis (Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal flux (Jmax)) of the branchial Na+ and Cl− influx mechanisms, along with measurements of blood total CO2 content [Formula: see text], net acidic–basic equivalent fluxes, and gill chloride cell morphology, was performed using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) before, during, and after 96 h exposure to environmental hypercapnia (water [Formula: see text]; 1 torr = 133.3 kPa). Exposure to hypercapnia caused (i) a net acidic equivalent loss (negative [Formula: see text]) that was accounted for entirely by reductions in titratable alkalinity flux (JTA), (ii) an increase in [Formula: see text] from 8.4 ± 0.5 to 20.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, and (iii) no alteration either in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] increased (affinity was reduced). Chloride cell fractional area was reduced by 40% from 174 250 ± 15 650 μm2/mm2 under control conditions to 104 329 ± 17 991 μm2/mm2 after 96 h of hypercapnia. In the posthypercapnic period, there was (i) a net acidic equivalent gain (positive [Formula: see text]) that was accounted for entirely by an elevation in JTA, (ii) a rapid reduction of blood [Formula: see text], (iii) an increase of chloride cell fractional area to control values (179 105 ± 35 233μm2/mm2), and (iv) increases and decreases in [Formula: see text] (564 ± 50 versus 224 ± 21 μmol∙kg−1∙h−1 in the prehypercapnic period) and [Formula: see text] (381 ± 85 versus 585 ± 92 μmol∙kg−1∙h−1), respectively. The results suggest that morphological alteration of the gill chloride cell fractional area is an important response to acid–base disturbances. The results are discussed with respect to the relative roles of morphological alteration of gill chloride cell fractional area and variation in internal substrate (HCO3−) in modifying branchial Cl−/HCO3− exchange for acid–base regulation.
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Robson, Michael. "The letters of Adam Marsh. Vol. 2. Edited and translated by C. H Lawrence. (Oxford Medieval Texts.) Pp. x+291–664. Oxford: Clarendon, 2006. £85. 978 0 19 957584 8." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 62, no. 4 (September 19, 2011): 814–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046911001242.
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Slivová, Zuzana, and Radka Opatřilová. "Determination of Anthracycline Drug Residual in Cleaning Validation Swabs of Stainless-Steel Equipment after Production of Cytostatic Injections Using HPLC Analytical Method." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/847349.
Abstract:
Standard cleaning procedures of production line equipment were verified after manufacture of cytostatic injections containing Anthracycline derivate substance. Residual content of Anthracycline drug substance on stainless-steel equipment surface was determined using swab sampling with a specific HPLC-DAD analysis. The acceptance limit was decided as 200.0 μg/100 cm2. Recovery from the stainless-steel surface was 90.1%. Linearity of the method was observed in the concentration range of 0.155–194 μg/mL when estimated using Zorbax TMS (5 μm, 0.25 m × 4.6 mm ID) column at 1.3 mL/min flow rate and 254 nm (DAD 190–600 nm). The mobile phase consisted of lauryl hydrogen sulphate solution (3.7 g/L) : methanol : acetonitrile (54 : 16 : 30, v/v/v) with pH adjusted to 2.5 using phosphoric acid (85%). The LOD and LOQ for Anthracycline derivate were found to be 0.047 and 0.155 μg/mL, respectively. The method validation confirmed the method provides acceptable degree of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision for the intended purposes.
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Blake, John G., Diego Mosquera, Bette A. Loiselle, Kelly Swing, Jaime Guerra, and David Romo. "Spatial and temporal activity patterns of ocelots Leopardus pardalis in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv190.
Abstract:
Abstract Ocelots ( Leopardus pardalis ) are common in lowland forests of Amazonia. We used camera traps to document the occurrence and activity of ocelots at a site in eastern Ecuador during 2005–2012 (15,058 trap-days). We accumulated 384 independent images of 16 males (147 images), 19 females (234 images), and 3 not assigned to individual or sex. Individuals varied in number of images (1 to > 50), number of camera locations (1–8), and number of months from first to last image (1–85). Photographic rate varied across years, from 15.3 to 29.9/1,000 trap-days in 2006 and 2010, respectively. Males and females were primarily active at night and showed similar hourly patterns of activity. Up to 3 individual males and 4 individual females were recorded at different camera locations each year. Resident males typically were photographed at more locations (mean of 4.1) than females (mean of 3.2). Results indicate that multiple ocelots, of both sexes, may be found within a relatively small (~650 ha) area of lowland forest in eastern Ecuador and emphasize the importance of the region for conservation of ocelots and other species. Los ocelotes ( Leopardus pardalis ) son felinos comunes en los bosques de tierras bajas de la Amazonía. Utilizamos cámaras trampa para documentar la ocurrencia y actividad de ocelotes en un sitio en el Este de Ecuador durante 2005–2012 (15.058 días-trampa). Acumulamos 384 imágenes independientes de 16 machos (147 fotografías), 19 hembras (234 fotografías), y tres a los que no se les asignó individuo o sexo. Los individuos variaron en número de imágenes (1 a > 50), número de locaciones de las cámaras (1 a 8) y en el número de meses desde la primera hasta la última imagen (1 a 85). La tasa de captura fotográfica varió a través de los años, de 15,3 a 29,9 / 1.000 días-trampa en 2006 y 2010, respectivamente. Machos y hembras fueron activos principalmente durante la noche y mostraron patrones similares de actividad por hora. Hasta tres individuos machos y cuatro individuos hembras fueron registrados en diferentes locaciones cada año. Machos residentes fueron fotografiados en más lugares (media de 4,1) que hembras (media de 3,2). Los resultados indican que varios ocelotes, de ambos sexos, pueden encontrarse dentro de un área relativamente pequeña (~ 650 ha) de bosques de tierras bajas en el Este de Ecuador y enfatizan en la importancia de la región para la conservación de ocelotes y otras especies.
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Yung, R. L., T. Kurth, J. M. Gaziano, and J. A. Driver. "Cancer aggressiveness and mortality in men of exceptional age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 11051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11051.
Abstract:
11051 Background: Information on the characteristics of cancer in people ≥ 85 is limited, particularly in men. Methods: We evaluated the type, grade and extent of cancer among the 22,071 men in the Physicians’ Health Study by age at diagnosis (dx) (<65, 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85). All cases of cancer, deaths and cause of death were confirmed by medical record review. To investigate the relationship between age at dx and risk of cancer death, we matched newly diagnosed cancer patients to reference subjects by age and a modified Charlson comorbidity score. Participants were followed for all cause mortality. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for death by age at dx using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 20.5 years, 5,623 incident cancers were confirmed. Prostate cancer remained the most common cancer across all age groups. Melanoma and lung cancer became less common with age, while unknown cancers and gastrointestinal cancers other than colorectal (other GI) became more common. There was no linear trend toward higher or lower grade across the four age groups for individual cancer types. For men ≥ 85 the frequency of metastatic cancer at dx increased for prostate (5.8% vs 14.6% p=0.01) and decreased for other GI tumors (63.8% vs 43.5% p=0.05). Cancer as a cause of death decreased among the entire cohort from 44.1% in men aged 55–64 to 20.5% in men ≥ 85, and among those with cancer it decreased from 93.6% to 52.8%. In the matched cohort analysis, the HR for death from all cancers combined declined markedly across categories of increasing age at cancer dx from 10.9 (95%CI:6.0–19.9) in men < 55 to 1.9 (95%CI:1.5–2.4) in men ≥ 85. There was a similar decline in the HR with increasing age for cancer death from lymphoma, melanoma, prostate and colorectal cancers, whereas the HR of lung, other GI and urinary tumors remained stable. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort of apparently healthy U.S. male physicians, characteristics of cancer in men ≥ 85 varied considerably with tumor type and may reflect changes in cancer detection or biology with age. Cancer specific mortality decreased markedly with increasing age of diagnosis for most cancers. This is likely explained by competing risks of death which outpace that of cancer, but may also suggest decreased cancer aggressiveness in advanced age. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Shen, B. N., Y. X. Zheng, W. H. Chen, T. Y. Chang, H. M. Ku, and F. J. Jan. "Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Three Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-Associated Viruses in Pineapple in Taiwan." Plant Disease 93, no. 2 (February 2009): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-2-0196c.
Abstract:
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the major fruit crops in Taiwan, accounting for 275 million U.S. dollars in 2006, following betel nut and citrus production in crop value. Tainung No. 17 is the most important cultivar, accounting for more than 70% of pineapples planted. Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is one of the most destructive diseases of pineapple. Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1), PMWaV-2, and PMWaV-3 were identified as three distinct species in Ampelovirus from diseased Hawaiian pineapple (1,2). In November of 2007, pineapples (cv. Tainung No. 17) planted in Pingtung County of southern Taiwan showed symptoms similar to MWP. Mealybugs (Dysmicoccus brevipes) were also found. Three primer pairs, 225/226, 223/224, and 263/264 described previously specific for the HSP70h genes of PMWaV-1 (1), -2, and -3 (2), respectively, were used to detect the presence of these three viruses by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Expected DNA fragments of 590, 610, and 499 nt were obtained from the total RNA isolated from the leaves of diseased pineapples with primer pairs 225/226, 223/224, and 263/264, respectively. The RT-PCR amplified fragments were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. The 590-nt fragment (Accession No. EU769113) shared 91.6 to 99.5% nucleotide and 96.8 to 99.5% amino acid identity to those of five isolates of PMWaV-1 available in the GenBank; one each from Hawaii (Accession No. AF414119) and Thailand (Accession No. EF620774) and three from Australia (Accession Nos. EF488752, EF467923, and EF467925). The 610-nt fragment (Accession No. EU769115) showed 98.7 and 99.7% nucleotide and 98% and 100% amino acid identity to those of PMWaV-2 from Hawaii (Accession No. AF283103) and Thailand (Accession No. EU016675), respectively. The 499-nt fragment (Accession No. FJ209047) shared 86.8 to 99.0% nucleotide and 94.0 to 100.0% amino acid identity to those of five PMWaV-3 isolates available in the GenBank; one from Hawaii (Accession No. DQ399259) and four from Australia (Accession Nos. EF467918, EF467919, EF488754, and EF488755). Using primer pairs FJ08-1 (5′-ATGGCTGATTCGAGC)/FJ08-2 (5′-TTATTTGCGTCCACC), FJ08-7 (5′-AGTGAGATTGATCGT)/FJ08-8 (5′-TGCAGGTATCCGCTG), and FJ08-35 (5′-AACGACCGAACTCGC)/FJ08-36 (5′-ATACTACAGATATTG) specific to the coat protein (CP) genes of PMWaV-1, -2, and -3, respectively, expected DNA fragments of 774, 909, and 789 nt were amplified by RT-PCR. The 774-nt CP gene of PMWaV-1 (Accession No. EU769114) shared 99% nucleotide and 98.4% amino acid identity to those of Hawaiian isolate (Accession No. AF414119). The 909-nt CP gene of PMWaV-2 (Accession No. EU769116) shared 99.0 and 99.1% nucleotide identity with isolates from Hawaii (Accession No. AF283103) and Cuba (Accession No. DQ225114), respectively, and 99.3% amino acid identity with both. The 789-nt CP gene of PMWaV-3 (Accession No. FJ209048) shared 99.1% nucleotide and 98.1% amino acid identity to those of the Hawaiian isolate (Accession No. DQ399259). One to two viruses among PMWaV-1, -2, and -3 were detected in all 40 samples collected from diseased pineapples. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify three PMWaVs in the most important and widely planted pineapple cultivar in Taiwan, Tainung No. 17, by molecular characterization of the HSP70h and CP genes. References: (1) D. M. Sether et al. Plant Dis. 85:856, 2001. (2) D. M. Sether et al. Plant Dis. 89:450, 2005.
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Keene, David J., Dipesh Mistry, Julian Nam, Elizabeth Tutton, Robert Handley, Lesley Morgan, Emma Roberts, et al. "The Ankle Injury Management (AIM) trial: a pragmatic, multicentre, equivalence randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation comparing close contact casting with open surgical reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of unstable ankle fractures in patients aged over 60 years." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 75 (October 2016): 1–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20750.
Abstract:
BackgroundClose contact casting (CCC) may offer an alternative to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgery for unstable ankle fractures in older adults.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) determine if CCC for unstable ankle fractures in adults aged over 60 years resulted in equivalent clinical outcome compared with ORIF, (2) estimate cost-effectiveness to the NHS and society and (3) explore participant experiences.DesignA pragmatic, multicentre, equivalence randomised controlled trial incorporating health economic evaluation and qualitative study.SettingTrauma and orthopaedic departments of 24 NHS hospitals.ParticipantsAdults aged over 60 years with unstable ankle fracture. Those with serious limb or concomitant disease or substantial cognitive impairment were excluded.InterventionsCCC was conducted under anaesthetic in theatre by surgeons who attended training. ORIF was as per local practice. Participants were randomised in 1 : 1 allocation via remote telephone randomisation. Sequence generation was by random block size, with stratification by centre and fracture pattern.Main outcome measuresFollow-up was conducted at 6 weeks and, by blinded outcome assessors, at 6 months after randomisation. The primary outcome was the Olerud–Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), a patient-reported assessment of ankle function, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (as measured by the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions, Short Form questionnaire-12 items), pain, ankle range of motion and mobility (as measured by the timed up and go test), patient satisfaction and radiological measures. In accordance with equivalence trial US Food and Drug Administration guidance, primary analysis was per protocol.ResultsWe recruited 620 participants, 95 from the pilot and 525 from the multicentre phase, between June 2010 and November 2013. The majority of participants, 579 out of 620 (93%), received the allocated treatment; 52 out of 275 (19%) who received CCC later converted to ORIF because of loss of fracture reduction. CCC resulted in equivalent ankle function compared with ORIF at 6 months {OMAS 64.5 points [standard deviation (SD) 22.4 points] vs. OMAS 66.0 points (SD 21.1 points); mean difference –0.65 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) –3.98 to 2.68 points; standardised effect size –0.04, 95% CI –0.23 to 0.15}. There were no differences in quality of life, ankle motion, pain, mobility and patient satisfaction. Infection and/or wound problems were more common with ORIF [29/298 (10%) vs. 4/275 (1%)], as were additional operating theatre procedures [17/298 (6%) vs. 3/275 (1%)]. Malunion was more common with CCC [38/249 (15%) vs. 8/274 (3%);p < 0.001]. Malleolar non-union was lower in the ORIF group [lateral: 0/274 (0%) vs. 8/248 (3%);p = 0.002; medial: 3/274 (1%) vs. 18/248 (7%);p < 0.001]. During the trial, CCC showed modest mean cost savings [NHS mean difference –£644 (95% CI –£1390 to £76); society mean difference –£683 (95% CI –£1851 to £536)]. Estimates showed some imprecision. Incremental quality-adjusted life-years following CCC were no different from ORIF. Over common willingness-to-pay thresholds, the probability that CCC was cost-effective was very high (> 95% from NHS perspective and 85% from societal perspective). Experiences of treatments were similar; both groups endured the impact of fracture, uncertainty regarding future function and the need for further interventions.LimitationsAssessors at 6 weeks were necessarily not blinded. The learning-effect analysis was inconclusive because of limited CCC applications per surgeon.ConclusionsCCC provides a clinically equivalent outcome to ORIF at reduced cost to the NHS and to society at 6 months.Future workLonger-term follow-up of trial participants is under way to address concerns over potential later complications or additional procedures and their potential to impact on ankle function. Further study of the patient factors, radiological fracture patterns and outcomes, treatment responses and prognosis would also contribute to understanding the treatment pathway.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN04180738.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 75. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This report was developed in association with the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit funding scheme. The pilot phase was funded by the AO Research Foundation.
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Yoon, Shinkyo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Eun Hee Kang, Sang-wook Lee, Chan-Jeoung Park, Chan-Sik Park, Jooryung Huh, and Cheolwon Suh. "Proposal of New Prognostic Index for Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1668.1668.
Abstract:
Abstract Background The International Prognostic Index (IPI) has been useful prognostic tool to predict prognosis of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the last 20 years. Since the advent of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), its utility has been challenged and other prognostic index including revised IPI and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI were proposed, which are not popularly used yet. We aimed to develop new prognostic model for DLBCL in rituximab era. Method Between March 2004 and June 2012, patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP were identified in the database of the Asan Medical Center (AMC) Lymphoma Registry. Primary end point was to devise a new prognostic index for DLBCL. Secondary end point was to validate the NCCN-IPI in our cohort. We tested new prognostic index model in the training set of AMC cohort consisted of randomly selected 80% of the sample (503 patients). The remaining 20% (118 patients) was used as an internal validations set. Results The AMC cohort consisted of 621 patients. Median follow-up duration was 43.3 months (6.2-122.5 months). Baseline characteristics of AMC cohort are presented in table 1. Median age was 57 years (range, 16-85 years). Median ϐ-2 microglobulin (ϐ-2 MG) was 2.10 mg/L (range, 1.0-66.0 mg/L). The univariate analysis of baseline characteristics revealed that age (≦60 vs. >60 years), LDH (within normal vs. increased), ECOG performance (0 or 1 vs. ≧2), advanced stage (Ann Arbor stage I/II vs. III/IV), extra-nodal involvement (≦1 vs. >1), B symptoms (no vs. yes), and ϐ-2 MG (≦2.5 vs. >2.5) could predict overall survival (OS), whereas bulky disease and gender did not (p value 0.140, 0.621, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, age, LDH, ECOG performance status, and ϐ-2 MG were significantly associated with OS (p value 0.001, <0.001, 0.004, and 0.019, respectively), while stage, extra-nodal involvement, and B symptom did not (p value 0.057, 0.233, and 0.577, respectively). We developed a new prognostic model with these 4 significant factors in the multivariate analysis. One point is assigned for each of the risk factors without refined categorization. Four risk groups were composed as followings: low (0 point), low-intermediate (1 point), high-intermediate (2-3 points), and high (4 points). The new prognostic model showed better discriminative power compared with classic IPI (Figure 1A). Five-year OS of low- and high-risk subgroup in new scoring model and classic IPI model in AMC cohort were 95% and 32% versus 89% and 45%, respectively. Our model was validated in an internal validation set (Figure 1B). NCCN-IPI also could stratify four risk groups (Figure 1 A and B). Conclusion We propose a new prognostic index model for DLBCL in rituximab era with age, LDH, ECOG performance and ϐ-2 MG, which has good discriminative power and convenient to apply. It warrants further validation using an independent cohort. Table 1. Baseline Characteristics Characteristics Total N=621 % Training set N=503 % Validation set N=118 % Age, years Median, range ≦ 60 years > 60 years 57.0 377 244 16-85 60.7 39.3 57.0 300 203 16-84 59.6 40.4 57.0 77 41 17-85 65.3 34.7 Sex Male Female 343 278 55.2 44.8 273 230 54.3 45.7 70 48 59.3 40.7 ECOG PS 0 or 1 ≧ 2 569 52 91.6 8.4 462 41 91.8 8.2 107 11 90.7 9.3 Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels Normal Elevated 334 287 53.8 46.2 279 224 55.5 44.4 55 63 46.6 53.4 Ann Arbor stage I and II III and IV 293 328 47.2 52.8 236 267 46.9 53.1 57 61 48.3 51.7 Number of extranodal sites <2 ≧ 2 403 218 64.9 35.1 329 174 65.4 34.6 74 44 62.7 37.3 B symptoms No Yes 549 72 88.4 11.6 447 56 88.9 11.1 102 16 86.4 13.6 International prognostic index Low/ low-intermediate High-intermediate/high 404 217 65.1 34.9 327 176 65.0 35.0 77 41 65.3 34.7 ¥Â -2 microglobulin, mg/L Median, range ≦ 2.5 mg/L > 2.5 mg/L 2.1 422 199 1.0-66.0 68.0 32.0 2.1 339 164 1.0-29.6 67.4 32.6 2.1 83 35 1.0-66.0 70.3 28.7 Table 2. Multivariate Analysis for Factors Associated with Overall Survival Factors HR 95% CI P value Score Age, years ≦ 60 years > 60 years 1.000 2.051 1.362-3.090 0.001 1 Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels Normal Elevated 1.000 3.165 1.951-5.135 <0.001 1 ECOG PS 0 or 1 ≧ 2 1.000 2.073 1.261-3.407 0.004 1 ϐ -2 microglobulin, mg/L ≦ 2.5 mg/L > 2.5 mg/L 1.000 1.691 1.0391-2.622 0.019 1 Figure 1. IPI versus NCCN IPI versus new prognostic index model in Asan Medical Center training set (A) and internal validation set (B) Figure 1. IPI versus NCCN IPI versus new prognostic index model in Asan Medical Center training set (A) and internal validation set (B) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dudko, Valeriy, Alexandra Fedoseeva, Pavel Kozlov, Vladimir Skorobogatykh, Izabella Schenkova, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "Effect of Long-Term Creep on Microstructure of a 9% Cr Heat Resistant Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1839.
Abstract:
The effect of long-term creep at 600°C under 137 MPa on the microstructure of a P92-type steel was investigated. The microstructure after tempering consisted of laths with an average thickness of 400 nm. Dispersion of secondary phases consists of M23C6carbides with an average size of 85 nm located mainly on lath, block and prior austenite boundaries and MX carbonitrides with average size of 31 nm homogeniously distributed throughout. Creep with duration of 40738 hours led to coarsening of M23C6carbides up to 182 nm. Precipitation of Laves phase with an average size of 290 nm took place in both grip and gauge portions of ruptured specimen. Vanadium-rich MX particles were replaced by particles of Z-phase with sizes of 97 and 48 nm after long-term creep and aging, respectively. The average misorientation of the lath boundaries was approximately 2° and scarcely varied during creep, while the mean lath thickness increased to 890 nm in gauge section of ruptured specimen and remained essentially unchanged in the grip section. Dislocation density decreased slightly under long-range aging and creep.
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Silveira, Marner Lopes da, Daniel Weiss Vilhordo, and Cleber Dario Pinto Kruel. "Divertículo de Zenker: tratamento endoscópico versus cirúrgico." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 38, no. 5 (October 2011): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912011000500011.
Abstract:
OBJETIVO: Revisar a evidência da segurança e efetividade dos tratamentos endoscópico e cirúrgico do divertículo de Zenker. MÉTODOS: pesquisa no MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO por "Zenker's diverticulum or pharyngoesophageal diverticulum", e seleção de estudos para avaliação da qualidade e extração dos dados para uma metanálise. RESULTADOS: a pesquisa não localizou nenhum ensaio clínico randomizado. Encontramos cinco estudos comparativos não randomizados com grupo controle, com um total de 630 pacientes, 339 no braço endoscópico e 291 no cirúrgico. Os valores para segurança foram uma mortalidade de 0,29% e morbidade 7% para o tratamento endoscópico, e mortalidade 0,34% e morbidade 5% para o tratamento cirúrgico. O valor para efetividade foi 84% e 85%, respectivamente. O efeito das abordagens endoscópica e cirúrgica para o tratamento do divertículo de Zenker foi comparável, a odds ratio para morbidade foi 1,24 (0,56-2,74), e a odds ratio para o sucesso foi 0,66 (0,41-1,05). CONCLUSÃO: os estudos sobre o tratamento do divertículo de Zenker têm baixo nível de evidência e não são capazes de definir qual o melhor tratamento em termos de segurança e efetividade.
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Yau, C. C., P. J. Chen, C. M. Curtis, P. S. Murphy, A. B. Suttle, T. Arumugham, J. P. Hodge, M. M. Dar, and R. Poon. "A phase I study of pazopanib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3561.
Abstract:
3561 Background: Patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis. HCC is a highly vascular tumor with increased levels of angiogenic factors including VEGF and VEGFR. Pazopanib (GW786034) is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit. A Phase I study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of pazopanib in patients with locally unresectable and/or advanced HCC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included unresectable and/or metastatic HCC with at least 1 target lesion, recovery from prior systemic regimens, ECOG PS 0 or 1, Child-Pugh A, and adequate organ function. Doses of pazopanib were escalated from 200 mg once daily (QD) to 800 mg QD in a 3 + 3 design. DCE- MRI was performed to assess changes in tumor permeability. Results: 27 Asian pts have been enrolled at QD doses of 200 (4 pts), 400 (10), 600 (8), 800 (5): median (range) age = 61 (38–76); M/F = 85%/15%; ECOG 0/1 = 59%/41%; 81% with metastatic disease; 67% with Stage IV; 22% with prior systemic therapy, 26% with prior TACE. Most common AEs were: diarrhea (59%; 4% Gr 3); hypertension (44%; 26% Gr 3), cough (19%); fatigue (19%; 4% Gr 3); and hair depigmentation (15%). Hepatobiliary lab abnormalities were: AST elevation (63%; 15% Gr 3), hyperbilirubinemia (63%; 4% Gr 3), ALT elevation (41%; 7% Gr 3), and Alk phos (37%; 4% Gr 3). DLTs were Gr 3 malaise (1 pt) and Gr 3 AST/ALT elevation (1 pt) at 800 mg. MTD was determined to be 600 mg QD. Median (range) days on study was 85 (4–663) overall; 106 days (4–274) at the MTD. Best response was PR in 2 pts (7%; 1 at 800mg, 1 at 600 mg) and SD > 4 mos in 11 pts (41%). Median TTP at the MTD was 137.5 days (4–280 days). Median % change in tumor permeability (Ktrans) following 3 weeks of pazopanib administration at the MTD (5 pts) was 45%. Predose and maximum plasma pazopanib concentrations at 800 mg QD were similar to values observed previously at the same dose. Conclusions: Pazopanib has a manageable safety profile in HCC at the MTD of 600mg QD. Preliminary evidence of antitumor activity was observed. Changes in tumor DCE-MRI parameters were seen following repeated dose pazopanib administration. [Table: see text]
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Pakul, V. N., and S. V. Martynova. "New spring barley variety Tolkan of fodder-grain use." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 6 (December 13, 2020): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.6.660-667.
Abstract:
The aim of the research is to make a comprehensive assessment of the new spring barley variety Tolkan of fodder grain use according to the economically valuable traits. Studies were carried out in 2016-2019. By the method of intraspecific hybridization of geographically distant forms and direction individual selection from the hybrid population of Pamos x Bankuti Korai, the new spring barley variety Tolkan has been developed. The variety is highly productive, of mid-ripening type, the growing season is 85 days, the average yield over the years of research was 5.4 t/ha, which exceeds the Biom standard variety by 0.8 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.15), the maximum yield is 7.7 t/ha. The main element of productivity is the mass of grain per head 0.97 g, which has a close reliable relationship with the yield, r = 0.96 (reliability threshold at the level of 5 %, R = 0.88), the variety is mostly adapted to environmental conditions, Cv = 30.2 % (Biom standard variety − 36.7 %). It is characterized by large grain, the average absolute grain mass forthe years of research is 51.0 g, maximum - 63.0 g, by high resistance to lodging at a plant height of 57 to 94 cm, by immunity to loose smut and barley smut (absence of damage on an infectious background). When studying the variety in the production test of 2018-2019 according to the bare fallow predecessor, the yield for the first sowing period (May 7-11) was 4.14 t/ha, for the Biom standard variety − 3.27 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.46), forthe second period (May 13-19) − 3.64 t/ha, for the standard variety − 2.4 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.39 t/ha). On the basis of the comprehensive assessment Tolkan spring barley variety was transferred to the state test in 2019.
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Kerrigan, Sarah, and Donald E. Brooks. "Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative estimation of lysergic acid diethylamide in urine." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.5.985.
Abstract:
Abstract A new antibody to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was used to develop a novel indirect ELISA for the quantification of drug in urine. Evaluation of the new assay with the commercially available LSD ELISA (STC Diagnostics) shows improved performance. The test requires 50 μL of urine, which is used to measure concentrations of drug in the μg/L to ng/L range. The limit of detection was 8 ng/L compared with 85 ng/L in the commercial assay, and analytical recoveries were 98–106%. Our test detected 0.1 μg/L of LSD in urine with an intraassay CV of 2.4% (n = 8) compared with 6.0% for a 0.5 μg/L sample in the commercial assay (n = 20). The upper and lower limits of quantification were estimated to be 7 μg/L and 50 ng/L, respectively. Specificity was evaluated by measuring the extent of cross-reactivity with 24 related substances. Drug determination using the new assay offers both improved sensitivity and precision compared with existing methods, thus facilitating the preliminary quantitative estimation of LSD in urine at lower concentrations with a greater degree of certainty.
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Holstein, B., and C. Cederberg. "Effect of somatostatin on basal and stimulated gastric secretion in the cod, Gadus morhua." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 254, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): G183—G188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1988.254.2.g183.
Abstract:
In vivo secretion of gastric acid and pepsin has been studied in pylorus-ligated cod. Basal acid output amounted to 100-150 mumol H+.kg-1.h-1 and pepsin secretion to 1 mg.kg-1.h-1. In response to bombesin nonapeptide (2.4 nmol.kg-1.h-1) and histamine (81 nmol.kg-1.h-1), acid secretion increased to approximately 200 and 600% of the basal level, respectively. Pepsin output was marginally affected by histamine but increased to approximately 3 and 15 times the basal level during treatment with bombesin and eledoisin (3.27 nmol.kg-1.h-1). Somatostatin (SS-14, 15 nmol.kg-1.h-1) inhibited basal acid secretion by 85%. It also inhibited the acid secretion during stimulation with bombesin (68%) and histamine (57%), but although the former effect could be explained by removal of the basal component, the latter could not. Basal pepsin secretion was not affected by SS-14. A slight inhibition (28%) of the peak pepsin response to eledoisin was demonstrated, and bombesin failed to stimulate pepsin secretion during treatment with SS-14. These results indicate that endogenous somatostatin, if present in the cod stomach, could play a role in the regulation of gastric secretion.
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Watson, Andrew M., Kristin Haraldsdottir, Kevin M. Biese, Leslie Goodavish, Bethany Stevens, and Timothy A. McGuine. "COVID-19 in US Youth Soccer Athletes During Summer 2020." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 6 (March 3, 2021): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/610-20.
Abstract:
Context As sports are reinitiated around the United States, the incidence of COVID-19 among youth soccer athletes remains unknown. Objective To determine the incidence of COVID-19 among youth soccer athletes and the risk-mitigation practices used by youth soccer organizations. Design Cohort study. Setting Survey distributed to Elite Clubs National League member clubs. Patients or Other Participants Youth soccer club directors throughout the United States. Main Outcome Measure(s) Surveys were completed in late August 2020 regarding the club's current phase of return to soccer (individual only, group noncontact, group contact), date of reinitiation, number of players, cases of COVID-19, and risk-reduction procedures being implemented. Case and incidence rates were compared with national pediatric data and county data from the prior 10 weeks. A negative binomial regression model was developed to predict club COVID-19 cases using the local incidence rate and phase of return as covariates and the log of club player-days as an offset. Results A total of 124 respondents had reinitiated soccer, representing 91 007 players with a median duration of 73 days (interquartile range = 53–83 days) since restarting. Of the 119 clubs that had progressed to group activities, 218 cases of COVID-19 were reported among 85 861 players. Youth soccer players had a lower case rate and incidence rate than children in the United States (254 versus 477 cases per 100 000; incidence rate ratio = 0.511, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.57; P < .001) and the general population in the counties where data were available (268 versus 864 cases per 100 000; incidence rate ratio = 0.202, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.21; P < .001). After adjusting for the local COVID-19 incidence, we found no relationship between the club COVID-19 incidence and the phase of return (noncontact: b = 0.35 ± 0.67, P = .61; contact: b = 0.18 ± 0.67, P = .79). Soccer clubs reported using a median of 8 (interquartile range = 6–10) risk-reduction procedures. Conclusions The incidence of COVID-19 among youth soccer athletes was relatively low when compared with the background incidence among children in the United States during the summer of 2020. No relationship was identified between the club COVID-19 incidence and the phase of return to soccer.
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Briggs, Karen K., J. Richard Steadman, Connor J. Hay, and Sophia L. Hines. "Lysholm Score and Tegner Activity Level in Individuals with Normal Knees." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 5 (March 23, 2009): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508330149.
Abstract:
Background The Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale are commonly used to document outcomes after arthroscopic knee surgery. These outcomes measurements are subjective in nature and evaluate performance and activity restrictions both before and after surgery, making them a valuable research tool when judging the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Purpose To establish a normal knee data set for the Lysholm and Tegner rating systems, as well as to show how these scores are affected by age and gender. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A subjective questionnaire that included both the Lysholm score and Tegner activity grading scale was completed by 488 subjects in the community who considered their knee function normal. Any subject reporting a history of injury or surgery was excluded from the study. The average age was 41 years (range, 18-85), with 244 men and 244 women qualifying for statistical analysis. Results The average Lysholm score was 94 (range, 43-100), and the average Tegner activity level was 5.7 (range, 1-10). The Lysholm score and age demonstrated no correlation. The Tegner activity level was inversely correlated with age. The average Tegner activity level for men was 6.0, and the average activity scale for women was 5.4. There was no significant difference in the Lysholm score between men and women. Conclusion These data acquired from a normal, healthy population provide a standard point of reference for the injured or postsurgical knee. These data also serve as ideal tools when counseling patients about realistic expectations after surgery, based on age and gender.
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Gonçalves-Pinho, Manuel, Bárbara Martins, Andreia Costa, João Pedro Ribeiro, Alberto Freitas, Elsa Azevedo, and Lia Fernandes. "Psychiatric Comorbidities in Neurologic Hospitalizations in Portugal: A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study." Acta Médica Portuguesa 37, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.20969.
Abstract:
Introduction: Psychiatric comorbidities have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and often go undetected in neurologic practice. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize psychiatric comorbidities among patients hospitalized due to a neurologic disorder in mainland Portugal.Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed by analyzing hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of neurologic disorder defined as categories 76, 77, 79 - 85, 95, 109 of the Clinical Classification Software for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, occurring between 2008 and 2015 in adult patients (≥ 18 years of age). Psychiatric comorbidities were determined as the presence of a secondarydiagnosis belonging to the Clinical Classification Software categories 650 to 670.Results: A total of 294 806 hospitalization episodes with a primary diagnosis of a neurologic disorder were recorded in adult patients between 2008 - 2015 in Portuguese public hospitals. Approximately 26.9% (n = 79 442) of the episodes had a recorded psychiatric comorbidity (22.1%; 32.2%, female versus male hospitalizations). Patients with registered psychiatric comorbidities were younger (66.2 ± 16.2 vs 68.6 ± 17.2 with no psychiatric comorbidities, p < 0.001), presented lower all-cause in-hospital mortality rates, and significantly longer mean hospital stays. ‘Delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders’ were recorded in 7.4% (n = 21 965) of the hospitalizations, followed by alcohol-related disorders in 6.5% (n = 19 302) and mood disorders in 6.1% (n = 18 079). Epilepsy/seizures were the neurologic disorders with the highest proportion of recorded psychiatric comorbidities (39.9%).Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities were recorded in more than a quarter of the hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of a Neurologic disorder. Psychiatric comorbidities varied among neurological disorders and were associated with different demographic and clinical features.
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Faiza, Bashir, Hassan Mehmood, Sumera Naz, and Saima Naz. "Prevalence and Determinants of Substance Abuse Among Slum Dwellers in Islamabad- Pakistan." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.85.
Abstract:
Background: The slums are illegal settlements and are always left out in health surveys. However, studies around the world show that substance or drug abuse is higher among slum dwellers and may have different patterns and determinants which need to be studied in order to frame targeted programs and policies. The present study was aimed at estimating the magnitude as well as determinants of substance/drug abuse among slum dwellers in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan.
Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of slums/nomadic settlements of Islamabad. A total of 207 statistically calculated sample size comprised of adults from both genders aged 15 years and above, consenting to participate from the randomly selected 9 clusters in Islamabad was needed for the study. From each cluster, 23 households, and from each household one individual was randomly selected for estimating the prevalence. All those who were abusing substances were counted as cases and others as controls for case-control analysis. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, trends, types of substances abused, risk factors for getting engaged in substance abuse, whether they had tried to quit at any stage and what difficulties they faced when trying to quit. Results were entered and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.2.
Results: A total of 204 participants were enrolled in this study. Among these 68 (33%) were substance or drug abusers. For the case-control study, substance/drug users were considered as cases 68 and rest as controls. Bivariate analysis of the risk factors indicated that easy of availability of drugs in slum areas (OR: 20.3, p= 0.000); exposure to tobacco smoking (OR: 8.8, p= 0.000); and being a working child (OR: 6.0, p= 0.000) were the strong predictors of high substance abuse. Education (OR: 0.2, p= 0.000) and living with own parents during childhood (OR: 0.7 p= 0.2) had protective effects against substance abuse.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study concludes that the following were the determinants of substance/drug abuse among the slum dwellers in the study: easy availability due to unregulated sales of drugs, high rate of tobacco consumption, poverty, low level of literacy, and being a working-child. Specific policies and plans focused on law enforcement for curbing the illegal drug sales and reduction of child labor along with the provision of education should be devised and implemented to help these neglected communities and modify the determinants.
Key words: • Substance abuse • Drug abuse • Slum dwellers • Case-control • Islamabad • Pakistan
Copyright © 2019 Faiza et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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WHITEHEAD, DAVID. "(K.H.) Kinzl (ed.) A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Pp. xx + 606 figs, ills, maps. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Cased, £85, US$149.95, Aus$214. ISBN: 978-0-631-23014-4." Classical Review 58, no. 1 (January 2008): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x07002442.
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Kutluk, M. Tezer, and Akif Yeşilipek. "Pediatric Cancer Registry in Turkey 2009-2018 (TPOG & TPHD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e21510-e21510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e21510.
Abstract:
e21510 Background: In Children and adolescents aged 0-14, each year more than 200.000 new cancer cases are expected at global level. For the planning and implementation of an effective pediatric cancer control program, pediatric cancer registries are essential. The long term survival rates have been improved to 85% in high income countries, however it is still less than this in LMICs. This work presents the most updated results of the pediatric cancer registry in Turkey. Methods: Turkish Pediatric Oncology Group and Turkish Pediatric Hematology Association has established the Pediatric Cancer Registry in 2002. The childhood cancer cases registered between 2009-2018 was included in this analysis. International Childhood Cancer Classification System was used for the classification. Essential demographic findings, ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes were recorded for each case. Results: During the 10 years from 2009 to 2018, 15713 cases were registered. For all cases, median age was 6.7 year (0-17; M/F 8838/6867, 3 hermaphrodite, 5 unknown). Age distribution was 0-4 yrs, 40.7%; 5-9 yrs, 24.4%; 10-14 yrs, 23.2%; 15-19 yrs, 11.7%) The distribution of the tumor types were [number of cases, percentage of total, median age yrs, M/F]: Leukemia (4368, 27.8%, 5.4, 2519/1849); Lymphoma & other RES tumors (2996, 19.1%, 9.7, 2012/979, 1 hermaphrodite & 4 unknown); CNS [brain & spinal] (2089, 13.3%, 7.1, 1142/947); Symphatetic system (1243, 7.9%, 2.4, 650/593); Retinoblastoma (358, 2.3%, 1.4, 204/154); Renal (788, 5.0%, 3.3, 369/419); Liver (260, 1.7%, 1.8, 143/117); Malignant bone (1030, 6.6%, 12.6, 566/464); Soft tissue sarcomas (1052, 6.7%, 7.4, 611/441); Germ cell (971, 6.2%, 8.4, 346/622, 2 hermaphrodite, 1 unknown); Carcinoma & other malignant epithelial (462, 2.9%, 13.7, 226/236); Other/non-specific malignant (96, 0.5%, 7.8, 50/46). Five year survival rate was found as 70.8%. Conclusions: This registry has been used widely among health care professionals since its establishment in 2002. Survival rates for children and adolescents has been improved to 70%. This level of survival is at the acceptable level for an upper middle income country. This registry became a useful source for investigator and decision makers at national and international level.
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Matos, Elena, Marta Vilensky, and Paolo Boffetta. "Environmental and occupational cancer in Argentina: a case-control lung cancer study." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 14, suppl 3 (1998): S77—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1998000700008.
Abstract:
The main objective of this study was to analyze the risks for lung cancer associated with occupational exposures in a developing country where lung cancer is the first cause of mortality from cancer in men. The study involved 200 men with lung cancer and 397 hospital controls. The OR for current smokers was 8.5, whereas former smokers displayed an OR of 5.3. The fraction attributable to smoking was 85%. Statistically significant high ORs were observed for employment in the alcoholic beverages industry (4.5, 95% CI:1.02-20.2), sawmills and wood mills (4.6, 95% CI:1.1-18.4), chemicals/plastics (1.8, 95% CI:1.04-3.2), and pottery, glass, or mineral manufactures (3.4, 95% CI:1.1-10.6). Other high, but not statistically significant, risks were observed for employment in leather shoe industry and repair (2.1, 95% CI:0.8-5.4), rubber industries (3.4, 95% CI:0.9-12.4), metal workers, including welders (1.9, 95% CI:0.8-4.4), motor vehicle mechanics (2.0, 95% CI:0.9-4.2), workers in cleaning services (1.9, 95% CI:0.8-4.5), and for workers in agriculture (2.4, 95% CI:0.9-6.0). Although some of the present results may be due to chance, most are consistent with those of previous investigations in other countries.
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Bayat, Fariborz, Heikki Murtomaa, M. Miira Vehkalahti, Heikki Tala, and Walter Mautsch. "Does Dental Insurance Make a Difference in Type of Service Received by Iranian Dentate Adults?" European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 01 (January 2011): 068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698860.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess the relationship between insurance status and type of service received among dentate adults in a developing oral health care system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on phone interviews in Tehran, Iran. Four trained interviewers collected data using a structured questionnaire. Of 1,531 subjects answering the phone call, 224 were <18 years; of the remaining 1,307, 221 (17%) refused to participate, and 85 (6%) were excluded as edentate or reporting no dental visit, leaving 1,001 eligible subjects in the sample. The questionnaire covered insurance status, socio-demographics, frequency of tooth brushing, dental attendance as reasons for, and time since last dental visit, and dental service received then. Data analysis included the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Of the subjects, 71% had a dental insurance. Those with no insurance were more likely to report tooth extractions (OR=1.5) than those with an insurance coverage; for all other treatments no differences according to the insurance status appeared. Among the insured subjects, extractions were more likely for those reporting a problem-based dental visit (OR=6.0) or having a low level of education (OR=2.3). Conclusions: In Iran, with its developing oral health care system, dental insurance had only a minor impact on dental services reported. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:68-76)
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Rukini, A., M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks, and A. Van den Bulck. "Lead Recovery From PbO Using Hydrogen as a Reducing Agent." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 54, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 996–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02745-0.
Abstract:
AbstractA systematic isothermal reduction study was carried out on pure PbO pellets using 15 pct H2/85 pct N2 gas. The reduction was carried out at 350 °C to 800 °C at different reaction times (30 minutes to 4 hours) with gas flowrate of 500 mL/min. The kinetics of the reaction were evaluated by measuring the mass change and applying kinetic models to the data. The results from microstructure observation showed that globular and non-wetting lead droplets form on the surface of PbO samples. The droplet's diameter was observed to increase with increasing temperature and reduction time. It was observed that this lead droplets layer, once covers the whole surface, appears to reduce the overall reduction rate. The kinetics analysis showed that PbO pellet reduction is a diffusion-controlled process as supported by the SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrographs, samples’ cross-section observation, and phase analyses using EDS (energy-dispersive spectrometry) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The energy activation, Ea, was calculated for two temperature ranges, i.e., 61 kJ/mol (for 350 °C to 450 °C) and 224 kJ/mol (for 600 °C to 800 °C), respectively. These results suggest that, in an industrial context, continued reduction process will require constant removal of lead product from the surface of the lead monoxide.
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Nikiforov, Vladimir V., Vladimir A. Petrov, Anatoly A. Stremoukhov., Marina G. Avdeeva, Yury G. Shvarts, Irina E. Kravchenko, Irina V. Nikolaeva, et al. "The effect of etiopathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 on the severity of the disease: results of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 95, no. 11 (December 22, 2023): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2023.11.202479.
Abstract:
Aim. The search for etiopathogenetic agents to prevent the development of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 remains relevant. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the antibody-based biological drug (Raphamin).Materials and methods. 785 outpatients 18–75 y.o. with laboratory confirmed mild COVID-19 were included within 24 hours from the disease onset. 771 patients were randomized to the group Raphamin (n=382) and the Placebo group (n=389). The study drug/placebo was prescribed for 5 days. The rate of progression to a more severe degree of COVID-19 by day 28 as well as the time to sustained clinical recovery and the frequency of hospitalization were evaluated. Safety was assessed taking into account adverse events, vital signs and laboratory parameters.Results. The number of cases of progression to a more severe degree of COVID-19 in participants receiving Raphamin was 59 (15.5%) [52 (14.6%)] versus placebo – 89 (22.9%) [85 (23.7%)], ITT and [PP] analysis data are presented. The odds ratio between groups was OR=0.6157 [OR=0.5494], 95% confidence interval 0.4276–0.8866 [0.3750–0.8048], which meant a reduction in the chance of progression to a more severe degree by 38.4% [45.1%] or 1.48 [1.62] times; p=0.0088 [p=0.0019]. The time to sustained recovery in the Raphamin group was 4.5±2.4 [4.6±2.4] days, versus placebo – 5.8±4.7 [6.0±4.8] days; p=0.0025 [p=0.0036]. No adverse events with a certain relationship were registered.Conclusion. Raphamin reduces the risk of progression to a more severe degree of the COVID-19 and significantly shortens the duration of clinical symptoms.
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Gamoh, Makio, Shunsuke Kato, Tomohito Niitani, Yasuko Murakawa, Masato Sakayori, Hideki Isobe, Hideki Shimodaira, et al. "Phase II intermittent (or stop and go) l-OHP administration of first-line bevacizumab (BV) plus mFOLFOX6 or CapeOX therapies in Japanese patients with mCRC: The interim report of T-CORE0901." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.664.
Abstract:
664 Background: Cumulative sensory neurotoxicity of l-OHP used in standard 1st-line FOLFOX / CapeOX +/− BV therapies in mCRC results in impairment of patient's quality of life (QoL) and discontinuation of the treatment. CONcePT trial revealed that intermittent l-OHP use in BV plus FOLFOX7 is safe, keeping efficacy comparing with BV plus FOLFOX7 in which l-OHP is administered until time to treatment failure. But it is unknown that intermittent l-OHP administration is also safe and effective in Japanese pts with mCRC Methods: This trial aims to enroll 65 of Japanese pts with mCRC. Either BV+FOLFOX or BV+CapeOX is selected by decision of physician in charge. In BV+FOLFOX arm, pts receive 6 cycles of BV plus mFOLFOX6 (5 mg/kg of BV, 85 mg/m2 of l-OHP, 200 mg/m2 of I-LV, 400 mg/m2 of 5-FU by rapid IV infusion on day1, and 2,400 mg/m2 of 5-FU 46 hr by continuous IV infusion as a 2 weeks course) and 6 cycles of BV plus sLV5FU2. In BV+CapeOX arm, pts recieve 4 cycles of BV plus CapeOX (7.5 mg/kg of BV, 120 mg/m2 of l-OHP and capecitabine 1,000mg/m2 twice daily, day1 to 14 as a 3weeks course) and 4 cycles of BV+capecitabine. The primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints are tumor response (RR), overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF) and frequency of neurotoxicity. Results: According the protocol, interim analysis about efficacy and safety was performed at the time the 13th pts was received the treatment for 7 months. Median progression free survival is 290+ days (95% CI 119 - 558 days) and PFS of 9 cases were more than 7 months, which is threshold value. No serious adverse effects were observed in 13 cases. The efficacy and safety evaluation committee recommended continuing the study and the current accrual is 47 cases. Conclusions: This is the interim report of T-CORE0901 trial and the study remains open to accrual with projected enrollment completion in 2012.
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Kundryukova, U. I., Ye V. Shatskikh, and L. I. Drozdova. "MUSCLE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN SUBSTITUTING FEED ANTIBIOTICS WITH A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 10 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-204-10-79-85.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the outcomes of the production experiment carried out on one of the poultry farms in the Sverdlovsk Region and at the departments of the Ural State Agricultural University. The experiment was carried out on cross Ross-308 broiler chickens in the number of 80 female and 80 male chickens with an average live weight of 43 g. During the research, the chickens were housed in different cages; the experiment continued throughout the entire rearing period - 38 days. The control group formed of comparable chickens was fed with the basic diet used on the farm with the nutritional value required for this cross, and during rearing, from the 1st to 10th day, the Albac feed antibiotic (500 g per t) was administered; it was substituted with Fortrazin (600 g t) from the 11th to 30th day. From the first day of rearing to the end of fattening, the trial group received the basic diet but the antibiotic was substituted with an alternative safe growth promoter SafMannan in the amount of 0.5 kg per t of compound feed. Comparative zootechnical indices of the control and trial groups showed that the introduction of the SafMannan supplement into the compound feed did not affect the chicken survival rates, and had a promoting effect on the growth and development of broilers accompanied by live weight gains. Histological examination of the breast and thigh muscle groups of the control and trial chickens did not reveal any pathological processes neither with the addition of feed antibiotics or with the introduction of the biologically active supplement SafMannan; the muscle mass increased due to young un-differentiated muscle fibers that were in the process matu-ration, but the final differentiation of the entire muscle mass by the end of the technological cycle did not occur.
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Kelbich, Petr, Eliska Vanaskova, Karel Hrach, Jan Krejsek, Frantisek Smisko, Pavla Hruskova, Eva Hanuljakova, and Tomas Novotny. "The Cytological Energy Detection of Purulent Inflammation in Synovial Fluid Is Not All Black and White." Biomedicines 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2024): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030667.
Abstract:
Neutrophils are frequently found in the cytological picture of synovial fluid in several joint pathologies, and a higher proportion of them can even wrongly indicate these cases as purulent inflammation. For reliable differentiation between purulent and non-purulent cases, we use the cytological energy analysis of the synovial fluid. Using this method, we examined 350 knee joint synovial fluid samples. Overall, we found that the percentage of neutrophils ranged between 20.0% and 50.0% in 44 (12.6%) cases and was above 50.0% in 231 (66.0%) cases. In the same group, only 85 (24.3%) highly anaerobic synovial fluid samples were evaluated as purulent inflammation, and another 17 (4.9%) cases were evaluated as very likely purulent inflammation. Further, we quantified the immediate risk of purulent inflammation using the “purulent score” (PS). Of the total of 350 samples, 103 (29.4%) cases were classified as having a very high risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 4), 53 (15.1%) cases were classified as having a significant risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 3), 17 (4.9%) cases were classified as having a moderate risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 2), and 75 (21.4%) cases were classified as having no immediate risk of purulent inflammation (PS = 1). Based on our results and analyses, the cytological energy analysis of synovial fluid is an effective method that can be used to detect and specify joint inflammation and the risk of septic arthritis development.
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Voigt, A., and D. S. Abbot. "Sea-ice dynamics strongly promote Snowball Earth initiation and destabilize tropical sea-ice margins." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 3, 2012): 2445–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-2445-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. The Snowball Earth bifurcation, or runaway ice-albedo feedback, is defined for particular boundary conditions by a critical CO2 and a critical sea-ice cover (SI), both of which are essential for evaluating hypotheses related to Neoproterozoic glaciations. Previous work has shown that the Snowball Earth bifurcation, denoted as (CO2, SI)*, differs greatly among climate models. Here, we revisit the initiation of a Snowball Earth in the atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ECHAM5/MPI-OM for Marinoan (~630 Ma) continents and solar insolation decreased to 94%. In its standard setup, ECHAM5/MPI-OM initiates a Snowball Earth much more easily than other climate models at (CO2, SI)* ≈ (500 ppm, 55%). Previous work has shown that the Snowball Earth bifurcation can be pushed equatorward if a low bare sea ice albedo is assumed because bare sea ice is exposed by net evaporation in the descent region of the Hadley circulation. Consistent with this, when we replace the model's standard bare sea-ice albedo of 0.75 by a much lower value of 0.45, we find (CO2, SI)* ≈ (204 ppm, 70%). When we additionally disable sea-ice dynamics, we find that the Snowball Earth bifurcation can be pushed even closer to the equator and occurs at a much lower CO2: (CO2, SI)* ≈ (2 ppm, 85%). Therefore, both lowering the bare sea-ice albedo and disabling sea-ice dynamics increase the critical sea-ice cover in ECHAM5/MPI-OM, but sea-ice dynamics have a much larger influence on the critical CO2. For disabled sea-ice dynamics, the state with 85% sea-ice cover is stabilized by the Jormungand mechanism and shares characteristics with the Jormungand climate states. However, there is no Jormungand bifurcation between this Jormungand-like state and states with mid-latitude sea-ice margins. Our results indicate that differences in sea-ice dynamics schemes can be as important as sea ice albedo for causing the spread in climate model's estimates of the location of the Snowball Earth bifurcation.
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Garaiman, A., K. Steigmiller, C. Gebhard, C. Mihai, R. Dobrota, M. Matucci-Cerinic, J. Henes, et al. "POS0877 THE EFFECT OF PLATELET INHIBITORS ON DIGITAL ULCERS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS - A DERIVATION AND VALIDATION EUSTAR STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 694.2–695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3272.
Abstract:
Background:Digital ulcers (DUs) affect half of the patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and can be complicated by gangrene and amputation. The direct involvement of platelets in the development of DUs has been suggested by in vitro studies, which encouraged physicians to consider platelet inhibitors as a therapeutic option in the management of DUs. However, until now, there is no clinical study to assess the efficacy of platelet inhibitors for DUs in SSc patients.Objectives:To demonstrate a possible relationship between treatment with platelet inhibitors and the occurrence of DUs at the next follow-up visit in patients with SSc.Methods:This study used prospectively collected data from the European Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR) registry. Patients fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc classification criteria with complete longitudinal data on the presence of DUs and platelet inhibitors were included in the analysis. Multiple imputation using a random forest algorithm was implemented to handle missing values.The dataset was split into a derivation and validation cohort. To investigate the response for the binary dependent variable of DUs, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was developed in the derivation cohort and validated using ROC analysis and Brier scores to address discrimination and calibration, respectively.Results:Of 3,463 patients (2,961 in the derivation cohort, 722 in the validation cohort), 453 had current DUs at the baseline and 245 were exposed to platelet inhibitors (table 1).Our GLMM revealed that the exposure to platelet inhibitors is associated with a reduced risk of DUs at the next follow up visit (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = [0.13 to 0.82]). Further factors associated with absence or presence of DUs at the next follow-up visit are shown in figure 1. This confirmed the previously identified risk factors for the presence of DUs, supporting the overall robustness and the validity of our model.The performance was evaluated by ROC curve analysis and showed an AUC = 97.97% (95% CI = [96.93% to 97.67%]) for the derivation cohort and AUC = 77.3% (95% CI = [74.01% to 81.39%]) for the validation cohort, respectively, showing an acceptable discrimination. The Brier score was 0.05 in the derivation cohort and 0.07 in the validation cohort, suggesting a good calibration of the model.Conclusion:Our model, with acceptable discrimination and good calibration, suggests a positive treatment effect of platelet inhibitors on DUs in clinical practice.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of patients before imputationCharacteristicsOverallDerivation setValidation setn3,4632,691772Age (median [IQR])56.00 [47.00, 66.00]56.00 [47.00, 65.00] 57.00 [48.00, 67.00]Disease duration (median [IQR]) 9.00 [4.00, 16.00] 9.00 [4.00, 16.00] 8.00 [4.00, 15.00]Disease subset = Limited cutaneous SSc (%) 1562 (65.2) 1164 (64.6) 398 (66.9)DUs (%): Current 453 (13.1) 378 (14.0) 75 (9.7)DUs (%): Never 1783 (51.5) 1326 (49.3) 457 (59.2)DUs (%): Previously 1227 (35.4) 987 (36.7) 240 (31.1)mRSS (median [IQR]) 5.00 [2.00, 11.00] 6.00 [2.00, 12.00] 4.00 [1.00, 11.00]Joint Contractures = Yes (%) 881 (26.8) 770 (29.4) 111 (16.5)LVEF (median [IQR])62.00 [60.00, 65.00]60.00 [60.00, 65.00] 65.00 [60.00, 67.00]Dyspnea NYHA III and IV (%)300 (9.5)214 (8.6)86 (12.7)Pulmonary hypertension = Yes (%) 244 (10.7) 200 (11.3) 44 (8.4)Lung fibrosis on HRCT = Yes (%) 685 (46.6) 600 (47.7) 85 (39.7)FVC % predicted (median [IQR])97.00 [82.00, 111.00]95.00 [81.00, 110.00]101.00 [85.00, 115.00]Serum creatinine mg/dl (median [IQR]) 0.70 [0.60, 0.90] 0.70 [0.60, 0.90] 0.70 [0.70, 0.90]Anti-Scl-70 positive = Yes (%) 1147 (33.1) 958 (35.6) 189 (24.5)CRP elevation = Yes (%) 639 (21.1) 490 (20.8) 149 (22.1)Platelet inhibitors therapy = Yes (%) 245 (7.1) 206 (7.7) 39 (5.1)Oral anti-coagulants therapy = Yes (%) 53 (1.5) 50 (1.9) 3 (0.4)Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Moore, Kathleen N., Dhanusha Sabanathan, Yiqun Du, Huaxin Duan, Xiumin Li, Feng Wang, Omkar Marathe, et al. "Safety and efficacy of DB-1303 in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors: A multicenter, open-label, first-in-human, phase 1/2a study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.3023.
Abstract:
3023 Background: DB-1303 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of a humanized anti-HER2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody, covalently linked to proprietary DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor (P1003) via a maleimide tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker, with a high drug-to-antibody ratio (~8). Methods: This is a global first-in-human, dose-escalation and -expansion study in patients (pts) with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Pts (ECOG 0-1) with HER2 – (high or low) expressing or mutant cancers who failed previously systemic therapies were recruited and received DB-1303 intravenously Q3W as monotherapy. The objectives were safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (PR2D), pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary antitumor activity. Here we report the results from dose-escalation. Results: As of Jan 13, 2023, 85 pts received DB-1303 at 6 dose levels (2.2, 4.4, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 10.0 mg/kg) and received a median of 7 (range, 1-27) prior lines of therapy, including previous anti-HER2 ADC therapy in 32.9% of pts. The median duration of treatment was 63.0 (range, 21-211) days, and 68 pts (80.0%) remained on treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and ≥ grade (G) 3 TEAEs occurred in 74 pts (87.1%) and 18 pts (21.2%), respectively; the most common TEAEs were nausea (51.8%, 3.5% ≥ G3), vomiting (43.5%, 1.2% ≥ G3), platelet count decreased (35.3%, 3.5% ≥ G3), and anemia (29.4%, 5.9% ≥ G3). Few pts experienced neutropenia (10 [11.8%]) and alopecia (3 [3.5%]). There was no DLT or TEAEs leading to death. Interstitial lung disease occurred in 2 pts (2.4%, G1), without any ≥ G2. The exposure parameters (Cmax and AUC) of DB-1303 ADC increased with ascending doses from 2.2 to 10.0 mg/kg. The half-life of DB-1303 ADC is approximately 6-7 days for 6.0-8.0 mg/kg dose cohorts. The exposure of serum release payload was magnitudes lower than that of DB-1303 ADC, demonstrating stability of the ADC in systemic circulation. A total of 52 pts had undergone at least one post-baseline tumor scan. Twenty-three pts (44.2%, 23/52) had objective partial tumor response per RECIST 1.1: Thirteen HER2+ breast cancer (BC) (50.0%, 13/26, including 5 pts with brain metastases [55.6%, 5/9]), 5 HER2 low BC (38.5%, 5/13), 2 colorectal cancer (66.7%, 2/3), 1 endometrial carcinoma (33.3%, 1/3), 1 esophageal cancer (50.0%, 1/2), and 1 ovarian cancer (50.0%, 1/2). Among all the pts, the DCR was 88.5% (46/52); for pts with HER2+ BC and HER2-low BC, the DCRs were 96.2% (25/26) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively. Conclusions: DB-1303 was well tolerated with encouraging preliminary antitumor activity in heavily pretreated pts with advanced/metastatic solid tumors, especially in pts with HER2+ BC and brain metastasis as well as in HER2-low BC. Expansion is ongoing in selected tumor pts treated at the RP2D. Clinical trial information: NCT05150691 .
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Kulczycki, Grzegorz, Elżbieta G. Magnucka, Małgorzata P. Oksińska, Jolanta Kucińska, Rafał Kobyłecki, Katarzyna Pawęska, Robert Zarzycki, Andrzej Kacprzak, and Stanisław J. Pietr. "The Effect of Various Types of Biochar Mixed with Mineral Fertilization on the Development and Ionome of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings and Soil Properties in a Pot Experiment." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121903.
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the agronomic evaluation of a synthetic NPK (N in the form of urea, P and K in the form of phosphate monopotassium) fertilizers blended with four types of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood biochar prepared at different thermal regimes (300 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C). The evaluation of benefits was done based on crop nutritional status and soil fertility. The pot experiment was set up with fertile Haplic Luvisol fertilized with 1.85 g kg−1 of blends of biochar (1.25 g) with urea (310 mg) and KH2PO4 (290 mg), which is equivalent to 500 kg ha−1 (biochar ~67.6%; N ~7.8%; P ~3.6%; K ~4.7%) applied before sowing. Only NPK blends made with biochar containing 75% or 85% carbon increased the biomass of 27-day old wheat seedlings from 12% to 20% in comparison to NPK applied alone. These blends raised the content of Mn and Fe in plants but decreased the contents of Ca and Mg. All the tested mixtures enhanced soil fertility by increasing the content of humic acids. Additionally, the content of potentially phytotoxic phenolic compounds was lower. In general, the addition of biochar to NPK fertilizer did not show a negative effect on crop quality. The overall results of the study suggest that the application of low doses of biochar to synthetic fertilizer can benefit crops and can support soil fertility.
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Façanha, Mônica Cardoso. "Tuberculose: subnotificação de casos que evoluíram para o óbito em Fortaleza-CE." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2005000100004.
Abstract:
O Plano Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose tem como meta diagnosticar pelo menos 92% dos casos esperados, e tratar com sucesso no mínimo 85% deles. O acompanhamento dessas metas depende da informação dos casos diagnosticados e de sua evolução. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se existe subnotificação de casos de tuberculose que evoluíram para o óbito. Este é um estudo descritivo de dados secundários em que foi feita busca no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) dos óbitos ocorridos entre 1999 e 2003, que tiveram tuberculose como uma das causas múltiplas e estavam registrados no Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade (SIM), tendo como variáveis de referência o nome, data do nascimento e nome da mãe. Dos óbitos registrados, 610 tiveram tuberculose como uma das causas associadas, 204 (33,4%) deles notificados no Sinan. Em 438 (71,8%), a tuberculose foi causa básica. A média de notificações entre 1999 e 2002 foi de 37%, reduzindo-se para 19,3% em 2003 (p=0,03). Em cinco hospitais ocorreram 324 (53,1%) dos óbitos e tiveram origem 114 (55,9%) notificações. O Sinan registrou 153 evoluções para o óbito. O acréscimo da notificação dos 406 casos de tuberculose que evoluíram para o óbito acarretará incremento de 5,9% no total de casos notificados no período e de 265,4% nas evoluções para o óbito. Os casos graves de tuberculose encontram-se subnotificados, sendo o SIM uma importante fonte de resgate desses casos, que pode ser utilizada de forma rotineira e preferencialmente informatizada.
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Kantarjian, Hagop M., Brian J. Druker, Francois Guilhot, Jorge Cortes, Stephen G. O’Brien, Tillmann Krahnke, and Richard A. Larson. "Imatinib Dose Escalation Is Effective in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1047.1047.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: Imatinib mesylate (IM) 400 mg/d is the standard of care for newly diagnosed patients (pts) with CML-CP. Dose escalation to 600 or 800 mg IM has been shown to be beneficial in patients with either an inadequate response or disease progression while on standard therapy (Kantarjian et al Blood 2003). In the International Randomized study of Interferon versus STI571 (IRIS) trial, initiated in 2000, dose escalation was allowed for patients who did not achieve a complete hematologic response (CHR) by 3 months or a minor cytogenetic response (minCyR) by 12 months, lost a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) at any time, or progressed (including increase in WBC); no dose escalation in cases of loss of CCyR were specified. The impact of IM dose escalation for patients on IRIS is presented in this post-hoc analysis. Methods: Patients were evaluated for hematologic and cytogenetic responses, progression (to accelerated or blast phase) free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) following dose escalation. Patients were included if their dose was increased within −0.5 to 3 months following the respective landmark evaluation. Instances of dose escalation (to ≥600 mg/d) on the IM arm were reviewed and classified, where possible, based on either criteria established by IRIS protocol or the European LeukemiaNet recommendations Results: Of 551 patients receiving first line IM, 106 pts (19%) had dose escalation to 600–800 mg/d. Median time to dose escalation was 22 months (range:3–74 months; 25th–75th percentile: 13–45 months). After dose escalation the median imatinib dose delivered was 604 mg/d (range: 294–800 mg/d; 25th–75th percentile:600–739 mg/d) and remained on treatment for a median of 19.4 months based on current follow-up. Last recorded dose was ≥600mg/d in 85% of these patients. Dose increases in 39 patients were based on the IRIS protocol criteria. Responses among these patients included: 6 of 7 who had not achieved CHR at 3 months achieved a CHR with dose escalation, 2 of these patients subsequently achieved a CCyR. Of 8 patients who had not achieved a minCyR at 12 months, 4 improved to a CCyR, and of 18 patients who lost their MCyR, 9 subsequently re-achieved an MCyR within 12.5 months after dose escalation, of whom 3 also attained a CCyR by 30-months after dose escalation. The 6 patients who received dose escalations upon progression, had an OS of 83% at 2 years after dose escalation. At 36-months after dose escalation the 39 patients dose escalated per IRIS protocol criteria achieved an estimated PFS and OS of 81%. In a separate analysis of these 106 pts, dose escalations in 48 pts were retrospectively classified according to the ELN recommendations. At 36-months follow-up after dose escalation these 48 patients achieved a 90% PFS and 89% OS. For the entire cohort of 106 patients who were dose escalated, estimated PFS was 89% and OS was 84% at 36 months after dose escalation. Conclusion: Based on these data, IM dose escalation to 600 and/or 800 mg allows poorly responding patients to achieve a clinically important durable response or re-gain responses. These slower responding or progressing patients benefited from IM dose escalation and thus, the data support dose escalation for these patients.
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Woelber, Linn Lena, Simon Joosse, Donata Grimm, Sven Mahner, Eike Burandt, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Susanne Klutmann, and Katharina Prieske. "Correlation of isotope count with sentinel node positivity in vulvar cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e17033-e17033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e17033.
Abstract:
e17033 Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has become standard of care in early stage vulvar cancer. As the correlation of isotope count with the presence of metastases remains unclear, often several active nodes are excised per groin. This can result in increased morbidity in node-negative disease despite of SNB. In the current analysis we assess, whether resection of the hottest node could be sufficient to detect sentinel lymph node (SNL) metastasis. Methods: All patients with primary vulvar cancer receiving a SNB with radioactive tracer at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated. The day before surgery, patients received four peritumoral intradermal deposits at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock with an overall mean dosage of 85±12MBq99mTc–nanocolloid. Planar lymphscintigraphy was performed one hour after injection. Intraoperatively, a handheld gamma counter was used to identify the SNL. Results: 146 patients with SNB were included; thereof 145 pts underwent bilateral SNB, resulting in 291 analyzed groins. A median of 2 (range 1-7) SNL per groin were removed. From 95/291 (32.6%) groins more than 2 SNL were excised. Median overall SNL isotope count was 1400. In 52 groins, a positive SNL was detected (unilateral in 38 patients, bilateral in 7). The median number of positive SNL per groin was 1 (range 1-4). There was no difference of median count in negative compared to positive SNL (median count 1396 vs. 1614; p=0.90). The SNL with the highest isotope count carried metastases in 36/48 groins (75.0%; in 4 cases the highest count was unknown). In 12/48 (25.0%) positive groins, the SNL with the highest count was not the metastatic SNL (11/12 second highest count). Median count of these 12 SNL was 58.8% of the highest count with a range from 6.0% to 74.0%. Conclusions: The highest isotope count does not reliably detect the positive SNL in vulvar cancer. To prevent mostly fatal groin recurrences, surgeons should continue to remove all SNL accumulating relevant radioactive tracer over minimal background activity.
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Azania, C. A. M., A. A. P. M. Azania, I. V. Pizzo, A. R. Schiavetto, F. S. Zera, M. A. Marcari, and J. L. Santos. "Manejo químico de convolvulaceae e euphorbiaceae em cana-de-açúcar em período de estiagem." Planta Daninha 27, no. 4 (2009): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582009000400023.
Abstract:
As famílias Convolvulaceae e Euphorbiaceae possuem diferentes espécies que infestam os canaviais de forma rápida e agressiva, especialmente em áreas cobertas pela palha remanescente da colheita que não foram queimadas. Essa infestação, associada às extensas áreas de cultivo, tem dificultado a operacionalidade do manejo químico exclusivamente durante a estação chuvosa do ano, levando aos produtores a necessidade de aplicar os herbicidas também no período de estiagem. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a persistência dos herbicidas aplicados durante o período de estiagem em resistir às intempéries climáticas até o início da estação chuvosa, avaliando-se o controle sobre as espécies dos gêneros de Ipomoea, Merremia e Euphorbia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 42 tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com seis repetições. Os herbicidas amicarbazone (1.050 g ha-1), imazapic (1.22,5 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1) e as associações clomazone (1.000 g ha-1) + hexazinone (250 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (600 g ha-1) + diurom (936 g ha-1) + hexazinone (264 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (500 g ha-1) + amicarbazone (700 g ha-1) e testemunha foram alocados nas parcelas. As espécies Ipomoea nil, I. hederifolia, I. quamoclit, I. grandifolia, Merremia aegyptia e Euphorbia heterophylla foram semeadas diretamente no solo, cobertas com o equivalente a 15 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar e alocadas nas subparcelas. Após a aplicação dos herbicidas, registraram-se 70 dias de ausência de chuvas e o estresse hídrico impossibilitou a avaliação de controle, devido à não emergência das plantas daninhas em todos os tratamentos. Entretanto, com o início da estação chuvosa aos 90 dias após o tratamento, iniciaram-se as avaliações de eficácia devido à emergência das plantas daninhas. Aos 150 DAT (dias após os tratamentos) os herbicidas sulfentrazone e sulfentrazone associado a amicarbazone foram os mais persistentes e apresentaram média de eficácia de controle superior a 85%, considerando todas as espécies, quando comparada à da testemunha.
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Kairaitis, Kristina, Terence C. Amis, Rita Perri, Sharon Lee, Anne Drury, Christopher Lambeth, Paul Mitchell, Richard I. Lindley, and John R. Wheatley. "Sleep disordered breathing has minimal association with retinal microvascular diameters in a non-diabetic sleep clinic cohort." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): e0279306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279306.
Abstract:
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase stroke risk; retinal arteriolar (central retinal arteriolar equivalent, CRAE) diameter narrowing and/or retinal venular (central retinal venule equivalent, CRVE) widening may predict stroke. We examined relationships between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRAE and CRVE and in a diabetes-free sleep clinic cohort. Methods Patients for SDB assessment were recruited (Main Group, n = 264, age: 58.5 ± 8.9 yrs [mean ± SD]; males: 141) for in-laboratory polysomnography (standard metrics, eg apnea hypopnea index, AHI) and retinal photographs (evening and morning). A more severe SDB sub-group (n = 85) entered a 12-month cardiovascular risk factor minimisation (hypertension/hypercholesterolemia control; RFM) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention (RFM/CPAP Sub-Group); successfully completed by n = 66 (AHI = 32.4 [22.1–45.3] events/hour, median[IQR]). Univariate (Spearman’s correlation, t-test) and multiple linear regression models examined non-SDB and SDB associations with CRAE and CRVE measures. Results Main Group: Evening CRAE predictors were: systolic blood pressure (0.18μm decrease per mmHg, p = 0.001), age (2.47μm decrease per decade, p = 0.012), Caucasian ethnicity (4.45 μm versus non-Caucasian, p = 0.011), height (0.24 μm decrease per cm increase, p = 0.005) and smoking history (3.08 μm increase, p = 0.052). Evening CRVE predictors were: Caucasian ethnicity (11.52 μm decrease versus non-Caucasian, p>0.001), diastolic blood pressure (0.34 μm increase in CRVE per mmHg, p = 0.001), hypertension history (6.5 μm decrease, p = 0.005), and smoking history (4.6 μm increase, p = 0.034). No SDB metric (all p>0.08) predicted CRAE or CRVE measures. RFM/CPAP Sub-Group: A one-unit increase in ln(AHI+1) was associated with a 0.046μm increase in CRAE (n = 85; p = 0.029). Mean evening CRAE and CRVE values did not change across the intervention (n = 66), but evening CRVE decreased ~6.0 μm for individuals with AHI >30 events/hr. Conclusion No major SDB associations with CRAE or CRVE were identified, although the RFM/CPAP intervention reduced evening CRVE for severe OSA patients. Implications for cerebro-vascular disease risk remain uncertain. Trial registration The protocol was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial Id: ACTRN12620000694910).