Academic literature on the topic '658.4/5'

Abstract LactoPlan™ is a direct fed microbial (DFM) produced by a proprietary solid-state fermentation process using an unique strain of lactobacillus plantarum which is shelf and heat-stable. The hypothesis was feeding LP will ease transitioning from milk replacer (MR) to calf starter (CS) by improving gut health, appetite, and minimize health challenges due to pathogens and stress. The objective was to evaluate LP in a MR feeding program. Sixty 2-to-5-d-old Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) Control: No LP fed; 2) LP1: LP fed at 4 g/calf/d; and 3) LP2: LP fed at 8 g/calf/d. Calves were fed at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and 22% CP calf starter (CS). The MR feeding phase was 42 d of the 56 d experiment. Calves fed LP2 gained more (P < 0.05) BW (33.0, 36.9 and 37.7 for Control, LP1, and LP2, respectively) than calves fed Control, with calves fed LP1 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). The 0 to 42 d (MR feeding phase) ADG (562.9, 595.9, and 655.7 g/d) and 0 to 56 d ADG (588.6, 658.4, and673.0 g/d were greater (P < 0.05) for calves fed LP2 than calves fed Control, with calves fed LP1 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). The 56 d CS intake was similar (P > 0.05) among calves fed all treatments (66.3, 69.0, and 72.5 kg/ 56 d), which resulted in greater feed efficiency (0.50, 0.53, 0.52 kg gain/kg DMI) for calves fed LP1 compared with calves fed Control, with calves fed LP2 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). This study demonstrates that feeding neonatal calves LP can increase growth performance and feed efficiency when fed at the appropriate inclusion rates.

In Peninsular India, the Krishna River basin is the second largest river basin that is overutilized and more vulnerable to climate change. The main aim of this study is to determine the future projection of monthly streamflows in the Krishna River basin for Historic (1980–2004) and Future (2020–2044, 2045–2069, 2070–2094) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively), with the help of the Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT model parameters are optimized using SWAT-CUP during calibration (1975 to 1990) and validation (1991–2003) periods using observed discharge data at 5 gauging stations. The Cordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) provides the future projections for meteorological variables with different high-resolution Global Climate Models (GCM). Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) is used to analyze the uncertainty of meteorological variables associated within the multiple GCMs for simulating streamflow. REA-projected climate parameters are validated with IMD-simulated data. The results indicate that REA performs well throughout the basin, with the exception of the area near the Krishna River’s headwaters. For the RCP 4.5 scenario, the simulated monsoon streamflow values at Mantralayam gauge station are 716.3 m3/s per month for the historic period (1980–2004), 615.6 m3/s per month for the future1 period (2020–2044), 658.4 m3/s per month for the future2 period (2045–2069), and 748.9 m3/s per month for the future3 period (2070–2094). Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, lower values of about 50% are simulated during the winter. Future streamflow projections at Mantralayam and Pondhugala gauge stations are lower by 30 to 50% when compared to historic streamflow under RCP 4.5. When compared to the other two future periods, trends in streamflow throughout the basin show a decreasing trend in the first future period. Water managers in developing water management can use the recommendations made in this study as preliminary information and adaptation practices for the Krishna River basin.

Mesoporous metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5), with the composition Zn4O(BDC)3, showed a high capacity for the adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from 100% aqueous media. After the adsorption process, changes in both morphology and composition were detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The experimental evidence showed that Zn(II) liberation from MOF-5 structure was provoked by the water effect demonstrating that Pb(II) removal is not due to ionic exchange with Zn. A kinetic study showed that Pb(II) removal was carried out in 30 min with a behavior of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental data on Pb(II) adsorption were adequately fit by both the Langmuir and BET isotherm models with maximum adsorption capacities of 658.5 and 412.7 mg/g, respectively, at pH 5 and 45°C. The results of this work demonstrate that the use of MOF-5 has great potential for applications in environmental protection, especially regarding the removal of the lead present in industrial wastewaters and tap waters.

The title compounds were synthesized from the elements and characterized via single crystal x-ray studies and Raman spectroscopy. In the Zintl phases A3As7 (A = K, Rb, Cs) the As atoms form nortricyclene-analogous anions As37 with As-As distances ranging from 230 to 254 pm. The three compounds crystallizewithdifferent newstructure types containing different packings of theAs7 anions:K3As7 (orthorhombic, Pbca; a=1291.9(8), b = 2544.1(9), c=1537.7(16) pm) shows a double hexagonal close packing (ABAC stacking of planes of hexagonal close packed anions), Rb3 As7 (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 757.3(5), b = 1310.2(8), c = 2692.7(18) pm , β= 91.972(12)°) hows a hexagonal close packing (AB) and the Cs compound (orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 1022.8(5), b = 1317.6(7), c = 2195.2(11) pm) a cubic close packing (ABC) (also present in theHT-forms of the three compounds) respectively. The alkaline metalmonoarsenides AAs (A = K, Rb) crystallize with the NaP structure type (A = K/Rb: orthorhombic, P212121; a = 661.7(5) / 658.1(8), b = 688.8(6) / 691.6(8), c = 1197.3(10) / 1204.7(10) pm, Z = 8) with approximate fourfold screw axes 41 of As$ chains, whereas the crystal structure of CsAs (hexagonal, P¯62m, a = 1219.7(3), c = 1046.3(2) pm, Z = 18) contains three crystallographically independent three membered rings As33 with As-As distances of 243.0 to 247.5 pm

AbstractSeven isotopic molybdates MIIUMo4O16 have been synthesized by solid state reaction with MII = Mg, Mn, Cd, Ca, Hg, Sr, Pb. Single crystals of CaUMo4O16 were obtained. Previously reported as triclinic, this compound is monoclinic, space group P2/n. Unit-cell parameters for the seven compounds are:MgUMo4O16: a = 11.393(2), b = 6.505(1), c = 7.918(2) Å, β = 89.81(3)°, V = 586.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.12 Mg m−3;MnUMo4O16: a = 11.413(2), b = 6.555(1), c = 8.023(1) Å, β = 89.86(2)°, V = 600.2(4)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.18 Mg m−3;CdUMo4O16: a = 11.427(2), b = 6.607(1), c = 8.144(2) Å3, β = 90.40(2)°, V = 614.8(5)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.37 Mg m−3;CaUMo4O16: a = 11.443(3), b = 6.653(2), c = 8.239(2)Å, β = 90.51(3)°, V = 627.2(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dm = 4.83(5), Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;HgUMo4O16: a = 11.439(3), b = 6.643(1), c = 8.257(2)Å, β = 90.53(3)°, V = 627.4(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.73 Mg m−3;SrUMo4O16: 11.465(3), b = 6.768(2), c = 8.492(2) Å, β = 90.86(3)°, V = 658.8(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;PbUMo4O16: a = 11.470(4), b = 6.813(2), c = 8.557(2)Å, β = 90.88(4)°, V = 668.7(8)Å3, Dx = 5.41 Mg m−3;Powder diffraction data for each phase are reported.

Well-shaped single crystals of the stannides REAuSn (RE = Sm, Gd, Tm) were obtained from arc-melted ingots. The samples were investigated on the basis of X-ray powder and single crystal data: NdPtSb type, P63mc, Z = 2, a = 467.3(1), c = 748.9(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0468, BASF = 0.273(14), 273 F2 values, 12 variables for SmAuSn, a = 465.14(9), c = 742.4(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0686, 265 F2 values, 11 variables for GdAuSn, and MgAgAs type, F4̅3m, Z = 4, a = 658.54(9) pm, wR2 = 0.0384, 120 F2 values, 5 variables for TmAuSn. The [AuSn] networks in SmAuSn and GdAuSn are two-dimensional with intralayer Au-Sn distances of 278 and 277 pm in the slightly puckered Au3Sn3 hexagons, respectively. The interlayer Au-Sn distances of 308 and 302 pm are much longer. TmAuSn has a network of corner-sharing AuSn4/4 tetrahedra with Au-Sn distances of 285 pm. The thulium atoms fill octahedral sites formed by the tin atoms. The crystal chemistry of these REAuSn stannides is briefly discussed

Background: The term ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) connotes infection of the ocular surface within the first month of life which have many risk factors. The severity of this infection varies from mild to server and even corne al perforation, panophthalmitis and blindness. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of ON in newborns at Ardabil city.Methods: This study is a descriptive cross - sectional study that was done on 40 newborns with ON at Ardabil hospitals. Data collected by visit of newborns and completed cheklists then by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age in infant was 9±8.1 day and the mean age of mothers was 26.4±5.1; and the mean birth weight was 2597±658.6. 27 (67.5%) of infants were male and others were female. 23 (57.5%) of infant mothers had vaginal delivery and 8(20%) of infants have Prom. 24 (60%) of infants were in the first parite. Cojuctivitis was involved in 15 (37.5%) in right side, 5 (12.5%) in left side and 20 (20%) were bilateral. 25 (62.5%) of infants were term and 15 (37.5%) were preterm. 21(52.5%) of infants had history of UTI and genital infection in their mothers.Conclusions: This study showed that ophthalmia neonatoroum is a multifactorial and multilevel problem and many factors have main role in this problem and doing future studies to recognize these risk factors is necessary.

Background Both transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are effective methods for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC). Thus far, it is unclear which method is more satisfactory in short- and long-term survival benefits. Purpose To compare the overall survival (OS) and complications of TACE and RFA used for the management of RHCC. Material and Methods A literature search was carried out using PubMed, the Cochrane Library and, Embase databases, and Google Scholar, keywords including “RHCC,” “TACEC,” and “RFA” with a cutoff date of 30 April 2021. Used Review Manager software was to calculate short- and long-term OS. The clinical outcomes are major complications and complete response (CR). Results Finally, nine clinical trials met the research standard, including 1326 subjects, of which 518 received RFA and 808 received TACE. The analysis showed that patients who underwent RFA had significantly higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (OR1-year = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–2.91, p = .002; OR3-year = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.30–2.08, p <.0001; OR5-year = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.34–7.72, p=.009). Besides, the patients who chose RFA had an obvious higher rate of CR than those receiving TACE (OR = 33.75, 95% CI = 1.73–658.24, p = .002). However, the major complications were consistency between these two groups. Conclusion Our study discovered that RFA had greater CR and incidence in both the short-term and long-term OS than TACE. In addition, obvious difference was not found in major complications in these two methods.

Background: A wide variety of contraceptive methods are available, some of them reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). However, the number of unintended pregnancies (UP) is still significant, leading to a high economic burden, mainly derived from non-adherence to and the incorrect use of contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the economic burden associated with reversible contraception management in Spain, from the perspectives of both the SNHS and women, over a 5-year period. Methods: A survey was performed to identify contraception management in Spain based on the experience of a panel of six expert gynecologists. An economic model was conducted to quantify the current burden of contraception according to healthcare resources use over 5 years. The costs included in the analysis were diagnostic tests, initial and follow-up consultations, methods acquisition costs, and UP derived from therapy failure. Results: Reversible contraception costs in Spain amount to €12.5 billion over a 5–year period. Condoms and combined oral contraceptives (COC) account for 86.8% of the total cost and the other methods only 13.2%. There are differences in contraceptive use according to women’s age. Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) such as COC, condom and vaginal ring, are most commonly used by younger women. However, SARC are correlated with the highest failure rate, resulting in over €7.2 billion cost, explained by the high number of UP. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS20), implant and copper intrauterine devices (IUD), are selected by women over 35 years of age due to user-independent compliance. SARC methods result in a higher cost per woman over 5 years: vaginal ring €2427.8, patch €2402.6, condom €2060.1 and COC €1895.1; while LARC methods are the most economic option per women: LNG-IUS20 €630.4, copper IUD €658.2, LNG-IUS12 €703.8, intramuscular injectable €907.8 and implant €940.5. Conclusions: LARC methods result in lower costs compared with SARC options from the perspectives of the SNHS and women, explained by user-independent compliance, preventing a significant number of UP and its elevated economic burden. An increased LARC methods use could avoid UP events, leading to significant cost-savings for the SNHS.

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep leading to sleep fragmentation and further excessive daytime sleepiness. Therefore, OSA patients are at high risk of suffering from complications from psychiatric disorders. Serotonin is a known neurotransmitter and together with serotonin transporter (SERT) is involved in the development of depression and insomnia.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate serotonin and SERT levels among OSA and healthy individuals and their association with insomnia and depression symptoms.MethodsForty individuals following polysomnography (PSG), based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), were divided into 2 groups: the OSA group (AHI30; n=20) and the control group (AHI<5; n=20). Participants filled out questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Peripheral blood was collected in the morning after PSG. Protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. Further groups were divided into subgroups based on the standard cut-off points: without (AIS (-)) and with (AIS (+)) insomnia symptoms (AIS>5) and without (BDI (-)) and with (BDI (+)) depression symptoms BDI (BDI>19).ResultsNo differences between the OSA and control groups in serotonin (128.8 (73.4 – 209.0) vs. 132.7 (69.9 – 214.6) ng/ml, p=0.805 and SERT (55.8 (39.7 – 64.80) vs. 576.4 (424.2 – 658.3) pg/ml, p=0.564) levels were observed. In OSA group SERT level correlated with AHI (r=0.409, p=0.043), desaturation index (r=0.504, p=0.024) and mean oxygen desaturation during night (r=-0.522, p=0.018), while serotonin level was associated with BMI (r=0.550, p=0.012), but not PSG parameters. Serotonin level was higher in the AIS (+) group but only in healthy individuals. Further, serotonin levels decreased in the BDI (+) group, yet this finding was observed only in the control group.ConclusionsThe results show that serotonin levels are associated with the presence of insomnia in depression, but quite interestingly only among healthy individuals. The association between oxygen desaturation and SERT levels suggests the involvement of hypoxia in the serotonin signaling pathway. Yet further studies on larger populations are needed to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the development of psychiatric complications in OSA patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial
A indústria automóvel é uma indústria muito competitiva e como tal as empresas nela inseridas têm de ter um nível competitivo muito elevado. O paradigma Lean Manufacturing surge como uma filosofia crucial a implementar na perspectiva de diminuir desperdícios e promover uma constante melhoria dos processos produtivos. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto final de curso do Mestrado em Engenharia Industrial da Universidade do Minho. O mesmo foi realizado na empresa TMG Automotive, situada em Guimarães. O objetivo do presente trabalho é implementar técnicas e princípios de produção Lean no processo de lacagem de estofos/revestimentos na indústria automóvel, mais especificamente SMED e 5S, de modo a proporcionar uma melhoria do sistema produtivo da TMG Automotive, mais concretamente no que diz respeito ao desempenho do processo de lacagem. Numa fase inicial foi realizada uma análise do processo de lacagem que permitiu recolher diversos dados como os tempos de setup, o modo operatório adotado e a organização e limpeza do local de trabalho, de modo a averiguar a fluidez do processo. De seguida, com base nos dados recolhidos, foram formuladas diversas propostas de melhoria, relacionadas com a metodologia SMED, na máquina de lacagem e, associadas com a metodologia 5S, na cozinha de lacas. Após a análise dos resultados referentes a essas mesmas melhorias, que se traduzem numa redução de 30 minutos de tempo de setup médio na máquina de lacagem e uma melhor organização e limpeza da cozinha de lacas, pode-se concluir que a aplicação das ferramentas selecionadas neste trabalho, e que têm por base o paradigma Lean Manufacturing, permitem um melhor desempenho e menos desperdícios do processo de lacagem. No final e verificando que, através da mudança de mentalidade nas pessoas que participam no processo de lacagem, a melhoria continua se encontra efetivamente presente, conclui-se que o projeto foi bem sucedido. São ainda lançadas algumas sugestões quanto a desenvolvimentos futuros.
The automotive industry is a very competitive industry, so companies within this industry must have a very high competitive level. The Lean Manufacturing paradigm emerges as a crucial philosophy to be implemented in a perspective of reducing waste and promote continuous improvement of production processes. This work was developed under the final project of the Master Course in Industrial Engineering from the University of Minho. It was done in the company TMG Automotive, located in Guimarães. The objective of this study is to implement techniques and principles of Lean Manufacturing in the process of lacquering upholstery/coatings in the automotive industry, more specifically SMED and 5S, in order to improve the TMG Automotive productive system, specifically in terms of performance of the lacquering process. Initially an analysis was conducted in the lacquering process, gathering various data, such as setup times and current operating mode as well as organization and cleanliness of the workplace in order to determine the smoothness of the process. Then, based on the data collected, several improvement proposals were made, related with SMED methodology, in the lacquering machine and, associated with 5S methodology, in the lacquering kitchen. After analyzing the results from these improvements, which represent a 30 minutes decreasing in the lacquering machine average setup time and a better organization and cleanliness in the lacquering kitchen, it can be concluded that the application of the selected tools, which are based on the Lean Manufacturing paradigm, allow a better performance and less waste in the lacquering process. In the end, and noting that continuous improvement is actually present, through the change of mentality in the participants of the lacquering process, it is concluded that the project was successful. There are still posted some suggestions for future developments

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
Esta dissertação realizada em ambiente industrial apresenta a aplicação de princípios e ferramentas de Produção Lean nas várias secções produtivas do sistema produtivo de uma empresa de calçado, a empresa KYAIA – Fortunato O. Frederico & Cª Lda. em Guimarães. Inicialmente foi elaborada uma revisão bibliográfica, onde se expõe várias perspetivas de diferentes autores relativamente ao Lean Manufacturing e aspetos fulcrais à sua implementação, apresentando-se igualmente os tipos de desperdícios associados. São ainda descritas algumas ferramentas essenciais ao sucesso desta filosofia: Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), 5S, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Kaizen e Just-In-Time (JIT). Para a apresentação da empresa onde incidiu a dissertação foi elaborada uma descrição e caraterização desta, e foi realizada uma análise crítica da situação atual que permitiu a identificação de problemas existentes. Para essa identificação foram utilizadas ferramentas como a análise ABC, gráfico de análise de processo, o VSM e o diagrama de causa-efeito. Seguidamente foram efetuadas propostas de melhoria nas várias secções produtivas da fábrica para resolver alguns problemas que se prendiam com a baixa produtividade, o elevado lead time (LT), work in process (WIP), absentismo e longas distâncias percorridas entre os postos de trabalho. Tais propostas passaram pela implementação da filosofia dos 5S, implementação e agilização de procedimentos a promover em cada secção, implementação de medidas para aumento da produtividade, a promoção dos benefícios da comunicação entre chefias e colaboradores, o incentivo às melhorias do ponto de vista ergonómico, segurança, higiene e saúde no trabalho, redefinição do layout e implementação do sistema ILUO. Com a implementação destas propostas pretendia-se resolver alguns dos problemas encontrados no decorrer do estudo, no entanto, a empresa no período de realização desta dissertação encontrava-se num processo de restruturação de instalações pelo que não foi possivel implementar as propostas, sendo apenas estimados alguns benefícios que a aplicação das mesmas poderia trazer à empresa.
The present dissertation, held in an industrial environment, presents the application of Lean Production’s principles and tools in several sections of the productive system of a footwear company, KYAIA – Fortunato O. Frederico & Cª Lda. in Guimarães. At the beginning, it was prepared a literature review, where several perspectives of different authors related to Lean Manufacturing and key aspects of its implementation are exposed, screening the associated wastes as well. Some essential tools to the success of this philosophy are described as well: Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), 5S, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Kaizen e Just-In-Time (JIT). For the company presentation where the dissertation was focused, it was elaborated the company description and characterization, and it was done a critical analysis of the company current situation allowing the identification of the existing problems. For this identification, tools such as ABC analysis, process analysis chart, VSM and the cause-and-effect diagram were used. In the next step, proposals were implemented in the various production sections of the factory to solve a few problems related to low productivity, high lead time (LT), work in process (WIP), absenteeism and long distances between the work posts. Such proposals have gone through the implementation of the 5S philosophy: implementation and streamlining of the procedures to promote in each section, implementation of measures to increase productivity, promotion of benefits on communication between managers and employees, the encouragement on improvements from an ergonomic point of view, safety, hygiene and health at work and layout redefinition and ILUO system implementation. With the implementation of these proposals it was intended to solve the problems found during the study course, however, during the realization period of this dissertation the company was on a restructuring process of its facilities so it was only possible to make an estimative on the benefits that the measures mentioned above could bring to the company.