Academic literature on the topic '658.15/1'

A field-experiment was conducted in early winter of 2006 and 2007 under sub-Himalayan terai agroclimatic region of West Bengal to evaluate comparative effect of planting geometry and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and fruit quality in okra variety Arka Anamika. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice, with four levels of nitrogen, viz., 50 kg, 100 kg, 150 kg and 200 kg ha-1 and four different spacings viz., 30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 30 cm, 45 cm x 30 cm and 60 cm x 30 cm. Among different treatment combinations, application of 150 kg N ha-1 and 45 cm x 30 cm spacing recorded the highest number of fruits plant-1 (13.7), individual fruit weight (18.5 gm), fruit yield plant-1 (195.0 g), fruit yield ha-1 (12.2 t) and Vitamin C content in fruits (25.3 mg /100 g). Fertilization with 200 kg N ha-1 and 45 cm x 30 cm spacing recorded the highest value for nitrate content in fruits (658.1 mg kg-1). The study amply revealed scope for growing okra crop profitably during early winter season of mild, cool temperature by adopting nitrogen levels of 150 kg ha-1 with plant spacing of 45 cm x 30 cm in the terai agro-climatic region of West Bengal.

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents one of the most common complications during pregnancy, being associated with numerous maternal and neonatal complications. The study aimed to analyze maternal and neonatal complications associated with GDM. The risk factors of GDM and of the maternal and neonatal complications were studied in order to prevent their occurrence. Materials and Methods: The study included 97 women in the study, who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between weeks 24–28 of pregnancy, consequently being divided into two groups: pregnant women with and without GDM. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software and MATLAB fitglm, the results being considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results: We observed statistically significant differences between the group of women with and without GDM, regarding gestational hypertension (17.6% vs. 0%), preeclampsia (13.72% vs. 0%), and cesarean delivery (96.1% vs. 78,3%). Data on the newborn and neonatal complications: statistically significant differences were recorded between the two groups (GDM vs. no GDM) regarding the average weight at birth (3339.41 ± 658.12 g vs. 3122.83 ± 173.67 g), presence of large for gestational age (21.6% vs. 0%), macrosomia (13.7% vs. 0%), excessive fetal growth (35.3% vs. 0%), respiratory distress (31.4% vs. 0%), hospitalization for at least 24 h in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (9.80% vs. 0%), and APGAR score <7 both 1 and 5 min following birth (7.8% vs. 0%). Additionally, the frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia was higher among newborns from mothers with GDM. Conclusions: The screening and diagnosis of GDM is vital, and appropriate management is required for the prevention of maternal and neonatal complications associated with GDM. It is also important to know the risk factors for GDM and attempt to prevent their appearance.

The need to make more accurate grain demand (GD) forecasting has become a major topic in the current international grain security discussion. Our research aims to improve short-term GD prediction by establishing a multi-factor model that integrates the key factors: shifts in dietary structures, population size and age structure, urbanization, food waste, and the impact of COVID-19. These factors were not considered simultaneously in previous research. To illustrate the model, we projected China’s annual GDP from 2022 to 2025. We calibrated key parameters such as conversion coefficients from animal foods to feed grain, standard person consumption ratios, and population size using the latest surveys and statistical data that were either out of date or missing in previous research. Results indicate that if the change in diets continued at the rate as observed during 2013–2019 (scenario 1), China’s GD is projected to be 629.35 million tons in 2022 and 658.16 million tons in 2025. However, if diets shift to align with the recommendations in the Dietary Guideline for Chinese Residents 2022 (scenario 2), GD would be lower by 5.9–11.1% annually compared to scenario 1. A reduction in feed grain accounts for 68% of this change. Furthermore, for every 1 percentage point increase in the population adopting a balanced diet, GD would fall by 0.44–0.73 million tons annually during that period. Overlooking changes in the population age structure could lead to an overprediction of annual GDP by 3.8% from 2022 to 2025. With an aging population, China’s GD would fall slightly, and adopting a balanced diet would not lead to an increase in GD but would have positive impacts on human health and the environment. Our sensitivity analysis indicated that reducing food waste, particularly cereal, livestock, and poultry waste, would have significant effects on reducing GD, offsetting the higher demand due to rising urbanization and higher incomes. These results underscore the significance of simultaneous consideration of multiple factors, particularly the dietary structure and demographic composition, resulting in a more accurate prediction of GD. Our findings should be useful for policymakers concerning grain security, health, and environmental protection.

Abstract Purpose - Predicting outcome in patients with ALL has been traditionally based on pre-treatment characteristics such as age, white blood cell count (WBC) and cytogenetics. Minimal residual disease is a surrogate to the complex interaction of disease biology and therapy and its role in assigning risk is well-established. Many prior studies in patients with ALL have used molecular markers of MRD with few studies evaluating the role of multi-parameter flow cytometry (MFC) in the adult population. We investigated the predictive value of MRD assessed by MFC among 340 patients with ALL treated between March 2004 and March 2014 using regimens including the hyperCVAD backbone. Methods - Among 340 patients with B-ALL treated in this period 323 (95%) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR without platelet recovery (CRp) and were included in this study. Median age was 52 (Range, 15-84). Median WBC was 9.35 x109/L (Range, 0.4-658.1 x109/L). Cytogenetics were normal in 62 (18%), Philadelphia+ in 146 (43%), 11q23/rearranged MLL in 14 (4%), aneuploid in 45 (13%), hyperdiploid in 29 (9%), hypodiploid in 13 (4%), insufficient metaphases/ not done in 31 (9%). MRD by MFC was assessed with a sensitivity of 0.01%, using a 15-marker, 4-color panel in the first half of the study and subsequently a 6-color panel. Bone marrow specimens for MRD assessment were obtained at the time of achievement of CR and at approximately 3 month intervals thereafter. Results - 260 patients had available samples at CR and 166 (64%) became MRD negative. Achieving MRD negative status at CR was associated with a statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival (P =0.004) and overall survival (P=0.03). 215 patients were evaluated for MRD at approximately 3 months and 201 (93%) became negative. Achieving MRD negative status at approximately 3 months was also associated with a statistically significant improvement in DFS (P=0.002) and OS (P=0.003). 166 patients were evaluated for MRD at approximately 6 months and 160 (96%) became negative. Achieving MRD negative status at approximately 6 months was also associated with a statistically significant improvement in DFS (P<0.0001) and OS (P<0.0001). Figure below demonstrates the DFS and OS by MRD status at CR (Figure 1a and 1b), at 3 months (Figure 2a and 2b), and at 6 months (Figure 3a and 3b) with patients censored at the time of undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplant or last follow-up. On multivariate analysis including age, WBC at presentation, cytogenetics (standard vs. high risk), and MRD status at CR, 3 months and 6 months, achieving an MRD negative status at CR was an independent predictor of DFS (P<0.05). Conclusion – Achievement of an MRD negative state assessed by MFC is an important predictor of DFS and OS in patients with ALL Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Figure 3 Figure 3. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Background The dual Src and Abl inhibitor dasatinib has significant in vitro kinase inhibition against wild-type and mutant BCR-ABL, and significant clinical activity in patients with imatinib-resistant lymphoid blast phase CML (CML-LB) and Philadelphia-chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Aim To determine the long-term efficacy of the combination of the hyperCVAD regimen with dasatinib for treating patients with Ph+ ALL. Methods In this phase II trial, patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL received dasatinib 50 mg po bid (or 100 mg daily) for the first 14 days of each of 8 cycles of alternating hyperCVAD and high dose cytarabine and methotrexate (induction/consolidation cycles). After 42 patients, the protocol was amended to give dasatinib 100 mg daily in the first 14 days of the first cycle and then 70 mg daily continuously from the second cycle. Patients in complete remission (CR) continued to receive maintenance dasatinib 50 mg po bid (or 100 mg daily) and vincristine and prednisone monthly for 2 years followed by dasatinib indefinitely. Patients eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplant proceeded to it in first CR. Results 63 patients with untreated Ph+ ALL and 9 patients with 1 or 2 prior cycles of chemotherapy (before Ph+/BCR-ABL+ status was known) have been enrolled in the study from September 2006 to March 2012. Patients have received a median of 6 cycles (range 1-8) of induction/consolidation. Median age is 55 years (range 21 – 80); 46 patients were older than 50 years, Median WBC at diagnosis was 12 x 109/L (range, 0.4 - 658.1 x 109/L). Ten patients had CNS involvement at presentation. All patients are evaluable for assessment of response to induction; 69 (96%) achieved CR after first cycle or were CR at start. 3 patients died before response assessment from infections. 57 of 69 (83%) evaluable patients achieved cytogenetic (CG) CR after 1 cycle; 5 had a major CG response (4 had 5% and one had 15% Ph+), 2 had insufficient metaphases, and 5 are unknown (no CG exam on day 21 marrow). To date, 45 patients (65%) have achieved complete molecular remission (CMR) and another 19 (28%) have achieved a major (but not complete) molecular response (MMR) at a median of 4 weeks from initiation of treatment (range, 2 – 38 weeks). Minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry is negative in 65 (94 %) patients at a median of 3 weeks (range, 2-37 weeks). The median time to neutrophil and platelet recovery for cycle 1 is 18 and 22 days and for subsequent cycles is 15 and 20 days. Grade 3 and 4 adverse events have included bleeding (GI, GU, soft tissue and subdural hematomas), pleural effusions, pericardial effusions, reversible rise in creatinine, deep vein thromboses, pulmonary emboli, as well as diarrhea, infections, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated transaminases. With a median follow up of 48 months in the surviving patients (range 16.5 - 81.5), 36 patients (50%) are alive and 31 (43%) are in CR. Twelve patients have undergone an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Thirty six patients have died [3 at induction, 16 after relapse, 7 post stem cell transplant performed in CR1, and 10 in CR (6 from infections, 1 from unrelated cardiac event, 1 from unrelated cancer, and 2 from an unknown cause)]. The median disease free survival is 31 months (range, 0.3 to 81) and the median overall survival is 44 months (range, 0.2 to 82). Twenty-one patients have relapsed with a median response duration of 16 months (range, 5 - 62) and 16 of them have died. In 6 patients morphological relapse was preceded by flow and molecular relapse. Six relapsed patients had ABL mutations (4 T315I, 1 F359V, and 1 V299L). Conclusion Combination of chemotherapy with dasatinib is effective in achieving long term remissions in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. Disclosures: Ravandi: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding. Off Label Use: Use of dasatinib for the frontline therapy of Ph+ ALL. O'Brien:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Jabbour:Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria. Cortes:Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Kantarjian:Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.

The UK’s historically low cost of energy has encouraged a culture that considers energy to be in limitless supply and excessive levels of consumption acceptable. Now that supplies are becoming restricted and costs rising, it is slowly becoming recognised that this energy culture has created a legacy stock of buildings with poor building fabric, limited energy efficiency equipment and even lower levels of energy awareness. Cost effective technologies are readily available but are not being adopted by UK SMEs in non-domestic buildings, as rational economic theory would expect. A gap exists between availability of technically feasible, cost effective energy improvements and what is implemented. Policy-makers attribute this to inaccessibility of information and investment and design policies accordingly. However, as escalation of demand continues an alternative driver of this paradox must exist. This research hypothesises that this driver is the ownership structures of non-domestic buildings. To explore this hypothesis a new framework for energy research is adopted; the segmentation of non-domestic buildings based on ownership and the purchase of energy. A survey of members of these segments is undertaken to test this hypothesis. This research identifies an energy-efficiency gap caused by building ownership and finds that tenure of business premises prevents the adoption of energy conservation opportunities; 64% of research participants encounter barriers to energy efficiency from building ownership; 50% have relationships with owners/tenants that prevent energy improvements being implemented. When this is increased pro rata to reflect the UK population of 4.99 million SMEs it emerges that almost 2.5 million businesses are unable to benefit from financial savings available from energy improvements and around 0.7 million occupy premises in which the owner chooses to have no involvement in energy management. Non-domestic building owners participating in this research consider that energy costs are not a significant issue for their tenants. This thesis proposes that an alternative approach to UK energy policy based on regulation and provision of grant funding for energy efficiency improvements could improve the likelihood of SMEs adopting energy efficiency and conservation activities. 75% of research participants highlight legislation as their key driver for change with 70% responding positively to the provision of grant funding for energy improvements. This knowledge of energy behaviours is used to propose the Carbon Allowance Scheme, a simple form of energy rationing based on non-tradable energy quotas, as an alternative framework for energy policy.

A partir d’une analyse du défaut des banques et de la régulation au travers des notations de crédits (et des agences de notation), des modèles portant sur les CDS, de Bâle III et du capital insurance, nous trouvons que les spécificités des CDS en font un bon candidat pour prévoir (et idéalement empêcher) les défauts potentiels des banques. En effet, grâce aux propriétés (financières et économiques) des CDS, ainsi qu’aux résultats d’études empiriques, nous montrons qu’ils reflètent correctement le comportement des risques des banques et qu’ils ont capté les changements informationnels plus rapidement que les notations de crédits qui sont restées relativement constantes durant 2007 et 2008.Ainsi, en utilisant un déclencheur ad hoc basé sur les CDS et l’action appropriée si le déclencheur venait à s’activer, nous pourrions empêcher le défaut d’une banque. Et la compréhension du mécanisme afférent au capital contingent est d’un grand intérêt pour atteindre cet objectif qui optimise le monitoring mis en oeuvre par les banques et les régulateurs
Based on an analysis of the default of the banks and regulation through credit ratings (and rating agencies), CDS models, Basel III, bail-In and capital insurance, we find that the characteristics of CDS make them a good candidate to forecast (and ideally prevent) the potential defaults of the banks. Indeed, thanks to the economics of CDS and results of empirical studies, we show that they are a good proxy of bank risks and that they did capture information changes more quickly than the credit ratings which remained relatively constant during 2007 and 2008.So, using a specific trigger based on CDS and the appropriate action, should the trigger be activated, we could prevent the default of a bank. And the understanding of contingent capital mechanism is of great interest to reach this objective which optimizes the monitoring implemented by banks as well as regulators

Notre thème de recherche est parti du constat que les entreprises individuelles de moins de cinq salariés constituent la quasi-totalité des créations d'entreprises à Madagascar et qu’elles sont instables et éphémères. Nous les avons baptisées « petites entreprises de proximité » ou PEP, et appelé « imperfections » leur instabilité dans la durée, du point de vue de leurs activités, de leur statut institutionnel et en termes de croissance. Nous avons observé que leur multiplication traduisait l’engouement des entrepreneurs à leur endroit lequel traduisait leur adaptation à l’environnement. Dans un pays où les ménages étaient confrontés de manière endémique au problème d’emplois et de revenus, le phénomène de la PEP à travers la problématique suivante représente un sujet d’actualité et un enjeu majeur : - Si nous présumons que les "petites entreprises de proximité" sont adaptées à leur environnement, pourquoi sont-elles inaptes à durer, à grandir et à perdurer dans leur statut et dans leurs activités? - Et pourquoi les entrepreneurs continuent-ils d’en créer en dépit de « leurs imperfections » ainsi décrites ? Pour y répondre, nous avons avancé la proposition d’explication suivante sur les imperfections de la PEP : 1) Elles traduisent que la proximité instable, variable et complexe est à la fois un raccourci et un contre-exemple d’environnement ; 2) Elles sont nées des fonctionnalités structurelles et des mécanismes organisationnels mis en œuvre pour équilibrer l’adaptation tronquée de la PEP à l’environnement ; 3) Elles sont les facteurs de la dynamique d'intégration transformant des proximités agies en foyers de survie collective. Nous avons retenu deux postulats théoriques dans notre travail : l’existence d’écosystèmes pour la survie de la PEP, et un référent théorique fait d’écrits scientifiques et de connaissances renvoyant à la construction logique de son processus de survie. Nous avons mené le travail en trois étapes: _ Dans un premier temps, l‘étude des écarts entre la construction sociale de la réalité de la PEP et le référent théorique de son processus de survie a permis en partie de comprendre le phénomène de son adaptation et d’expliquer ses imperfections (Partie 1: Le positionnement théorique de notre proposition). _ Ensuite nous avons observé lesdits écarts mis à l’œuvre dans des processus empiriques de PEP en action, pour conclure qu’ils constituaient à la fois des symptômes de singularité d’organisations et des signaux de phénomènes traduisant de nouvelle manière de survivre (Partie 2 : La corroboration empirique de notre proposition). Nous avons ainsi avancé l’hypothèse théorique sur le maintien individuel de la PEP par sa survie collective avec ses parties prenantes en ces termes : Les PEP se forment grâce à des opportunités nées des imperfections des environnements qu'elles exploitent sous la forme de sous marchés résiduels. Elles se maintiennent en intégrant des proximités agies qu'elles transforment en niches dans une perspective de survie collective avec leurs parties prenantes. Leur mode d'adaptation les oblige à rester petites, éphémères et variables dans leurs activités. _ Enfin nous avons étudié les leçons d’expériences tirées de nos travaux et les pistes de réflexions qu’elles nous ouvraient. (Partie 3 : Les apports théoriques de notre étude sur la PEP). Nous nous sommes concentré sur les nouvelles tendances dans les formes organisationnelles adaptées à un environnement perçu à travers sa transformation, et sur celles d’un entrepreneuriat surfant sur le relationnel, la marginalité et la rareté des ressources. Nous avons conclu notre travail sur la PEP sur l’intérêt d’appréhender l’aptitude à la survie en termes d’écosystèmes
Our research theme is based on the observation that individual companies with fewer than fiveemployees constitute almost all the enterprises created in Madagascar and that they are unstable and ephemeral. We called them "small proximity businesses" or PEP in french, and called "imperfections" their instability over time, from the point of view of their activities, their institutional status and in terms of growth.We observed that their multiplication reflected an entrepreneur's enthusiasm for creating them, which reflected their skill in adapting to their environment.In a country where households were confronted to an endemic problem of joblessness and lack ofincomes, the phenomenon of PEP through the following issue is a topical and a major concern:- If we assume that "small proximity businesses" are adapted to their environment, why are they unfit to last, grow and prosper in their status and activities?- And why do entrepreneurs continue to create them in spite of "their imperfections" thus described? To answer this question, we have proposed the following explanation on the imperfections of PEP:1) They show that the unstable, variable and complex proximity is both a shortcut and acounterexample of environment 2) They stem from structural functionalities and organizational mechanisms implemented to balancethe truncated adaptation of PEP to the environment; 3) They are the factors of the dynamics of integration transforming the agitated proximities into foci of collective survival.We retained two theoretical postulates for our research: the existence of ecosystems for the survival of PEP, and a theoretical referent made of scientific writings and knowledge referring to the logicalconstruction of its survival process. We conducted the work in three stages:_In a first step, the study of the differences between the social construction of the reality of the PEP and the theoretical referent of its survival process allowed but partly to understand the phenomenon of its adaptation and to explain its imperfections (Part 1: The theoretical positioning of our proposal)._Then we observed the called deviations through the empirical processes of PEPs in action, and concluded that they constituted as well symptoms of singularity of organizations and phenomena in a new way of surviving (Part 2: Empirical corroboration of our proposal)We have thus advanced the theoretical hypothesis on the individual maintenance of PEP by itscollective survival with its stakeholders: PEPs are formed through opportunities arising from the imperfections of the environments they exploit in the form of residual sub-markets. They are maintained by integrating agitated proximities that they transform into niches in a perspective of collective survival with their stakeholders. Their mode of adaptation forces them to remain small, ephemeral and variable in their activities._ Finally, we studied the lessons of experiences drawn from our work and the avenues of reflectionthey opened up to us. (Part 3: The theoretical contributions of our study on PEP) We focused on new trends in organizational forms adapted to an environment perceived through itstransformation, and on those of an entrepreneurship running through networks of contacts, marginality and scarcity of resourcesWe concluded our work on PEP on the importance of understanding survivability in terms of ecosystems

Το αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής μου εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση – εξέταση του φαινομένου της παραποίησης των χρηματοοικονομικών καταστάσεων και ο έλεγχος της ακρίβειας του τύπου και της διαδικασίας της Λογιστικής πληροφόρησης σαν μέσο αντιμετώπισης του φαινομένου. Ειδικότερα δίνεται έμφαση στις λογιστικές ανεπάρκειες του συστήματος, τα περιθώρια και τα κενά που παρουσιάζει, τις δυνατότητες που παρέχει στα διοικητικά στελέχη των επιχειρήσεων να εκμεταλλευτούν τις αδυναμίες αυτές.
The subject of my thesis work is the presentation - examining the phenomenon of counterfeiting of financial statements and checking the accuracy of the type and process Accounting information as a means of addressing the phenomenon. Particular emphasis on accounting deficiencies system, margins and gaps in the opportunities allows business managers to take advantage weaknesses.