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1
Chafloque, Saavedra Mirella Arasely. "Diseño de control interno en el área de mantenimiento para disminuir los costos de servicios en la Empresa de Transporte de Carga San Eduardo SAC, durante el periodo 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2716.
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El presente estudio de investigación enfoca en diseñar un control interno en el área de mantenimiento para disminuir los costos de servicios y a su vez evitar robo, fraude y malversación en el área de mantenimiento en la empresa de Transporte de carga San Eduardo S.A.C. Para ello se realizó un flujograma para poder analizar los puntos críticos en el área de mantenimiento y así mismo cuantificar las deficiencias encontradas también se realiza una muestra de cuantificación de 40 unidades de transporte de carga y así encontrar el exceso del costo incrementado, por último, se procedió realizar un diseño de control interno en el área de mantenimiento. Por tal efecto se empleará un tipo de investigaciones aplicada no experimental. Se utilizará el método cuantitativo y descriptivo debido a que se ha tenido que describir todo lo concerniente a la Empresa de carga San Eduardo. Para obtener la cuantificación de las deficiencias se ha tenido que toma como muestra en cuantificar a la flota de unidades.
Para sustentar las conclusiones y recomendaciones se realizó el planteamiento de un nuevo flujograma, un manual de funciones y responsabilidades en el área de mantenimiento dirigido para las operaciones administrativas además un manual de normas, políticas y procedimientos en el área de mantenimiento, operaciones y almacén con el fin de plantear un adecuado control interno, para evitar fraudes, robos y a su vez disminuir costos.
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Ghafran, Chaudhry. "Audit committees and financial reporting quality." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4308/.
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This thesis examines the impact of audit committee characteristics on financial reporting quality in the context of a large sample of UK companies over the period 2007-2010. The notion of financial reporting quality is assessed by looking at the audit quality and earnings quality of the firms. This study utilises the audit fee and non-audit fee ratio as its proxies for audit quality and accruals based earnings management models as its proxies for earnings quality. The findings from the multivariate analysis show that audit committee meetings and financial expertise exert a significant positive impact on audit fees. Investigating expertise further, this study finds no support for the notion that accounting expertise influences audit fees, however a significant positive influence on audit fees is recorded for the non-accounting financial expertise. However, the holding of additional directorships has a significant negative impact on audit fees. This study also finds that audit committee members' financial expertise has a negative and significant impact on non-audit fee ratio suggesting a strong support of members with financial expertise on issues relating to auditor independence. The study also documents that audit committee members serving longer on the boards do not prefer to purchase high amount of non-audit services from the incumbent auditor. This study also records a significant positive impact of the holding of additional directorships on the provision of non-audit fee ratio, thus signifying a profound support for the busyness hypothesis which argues that overstretched directors are not very good monitors of financial reporting quality. Furthermore, this study finds broadly consistent evidence that audit committees meeting three or more times per year and fully independent audit committees exert a significant positive impact on the quality of reported earnings. This study also finds some evidence (depending on the earnings model used) that the level of ownership of audit committee members also exerts a positive impact on the quality of reported earnings, highlighting the fact that audit committee members with an equity stake in their companies are considered more effective in their oversight of the financial reporting process. On the other hand, this study finds evidence that the busyness of audit committee members (busyness defined in terms of the holding of board seats in other companies) has a significant negative impact on the quality of reported earnings. The composite variables (i.e. ACE1, ACE2, ACE3 and ACE4) representing those companies that satisfy all aspects of current best practice in terms of audit committee composition and operation, has a positive impact on the quality of reported earnings. This study covers the period 2007 to 2010 and therefore offers a contemporary analysis of the influence of audit committee characteristics on financial reporting quality. The study is very comprehensive in its scope not only in the selection of audit committee characteristics and methods employed to quantify these characteristics, but also in the use of various proxies developed to capture the true essence of financial reporting quality. The choice of multiple measurement methods both for the dependent and independent variables facilitates a much richer investigation into the relationship between governance and financial reporting quality variables. Therefore this study makes a major contribution to our understanding of the association between the various audit committee characteristics and financial reporting quality in the wake of recently introduced regulatory recommendations. These findings will also have policy implications as regulators around the world continue to define and refine the desired characteristics and behaviour of audit committees. Therefore, the findings of this study will ensure future policy changes regarding audit committees are adequately informed.
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Eltweri, Ahmed Mohamed El Hadi. "An investigation into the Auditing Profession Regulatory Framework and the factors influencing the adoption of ISAs in the Libyan context." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4438/.
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Accounting information for decision making needs to be reliable, unless the information is audited, it cannot be regarded as reliable. Therefore, although extensive research in the area of accounting in general, and auditing in particular, has been conducted in the developed countries, similar investigations within developing countries have so far been relatively limited. Moreover, global financial crises, the most recent in 2007/8, have increased the pressures for better regulations with the aim of harmonising the auditing profession globally. This study therefore aims to help fill the gap in research and to provide recommendations to the governing body of the Libyan auditing profession, in order to address the difficulties faced by the profession, and advance and improve the quality of professional auditing practice. This study is predominantly positivist in essence, but, based on the nature of the problem and research questions, a mixed methods approach to gathering data from stakeholders in the auditing profession is adopted. A questionnaire (196 respondents), and a set of semi-structured interviews (nine participants), represent the quantitative and qualitative instruments of the study respectively. The research sample for both empirical exercises is comprised of individuals from five different groups representing the Libyan auditing profession stakeholders. This wide spread of participants is selected in order to generate valid, reliable, generalizable, and meaningful data, and conclusions. The overall conclusion drawn from the analysis is that the Libyan audit profession regulations are considered inadequate by the profession itself, since they fall short of meeting international standards, as supported by the fact that many foreign companies invest in Libya, and they insist on their auditing using ISAs as a guarantee of transparent and high quality auditing. The Libyan audit profession is unwilling to implement these international standards, and this weakness needs to be addressed. Furthermore, issues relating to licensing, accounting and auditing education, examination for entry to the profession, and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) must all be reviewed. In addition, a new regulatory framework, that involves government supervision, and the use of internationally-recognised standards in the performance of auditing duties, must be introduced. In terms of the most appropriate regulatory approach, the results indicated that the independent regulator model is preferred; and with respect to auditing standards, the study finds that the preferred approach is to harmonise all auditing standards used in Libya, and to adopt the ISAs with certain modifications that suit the Libyan context. Furthermore, the study sample identified six factors that impact positively on the adoption of the ISAs, and a further six factors that had negative influences. This research contributes to the body of literature by filling the gap regarding the Libyan auditing profession in general, and identifying factors that have an impact on the adoption of ISAs in particular. Recommendations are provided to the authority responsible for supervising the Libyan auditing profession that essentially require the upgrading of all professionals, and perseverance to ensure national and international development of the profession in particular, and to other countries with similar characteristics in general.
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Hill, Denys Alan. "A chaos related investigation into small manufacturing business financial decision-making dynamics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4383/.
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Despite the fact that small manufacturing businesses are still the core of manufacturing in the UK very little is known about their financial dynamics. This thesis investigates these activities from a chaos and chaos theory related standpoint. Since chaos treats dynamic situations, and businesses are intrinsically dynamic, a reasonable expectation is that the one is relevant to the other. However as the research progressed, into detailed appraisals, it became evident that initial, optimistic expectations regarding their relevance were ill-founded. Therefore a conclusion is reached that chaos and chaos theory, despite a voluminous literature, have little relevance to financial decision-making in small manufacturing businesses. The greater part of chaos literature relates to various branches of mathematics, the physical and life sciences. Economics occupies third place. Paucity of references to small manufacturing businesses justifies attempts, such as this, to bridge the gap between them and chaos by explanatory and, interpretative research. Chaos is the main artery, one of two main divisions. It is sub-divided into chaos, the condition, chaos and related theories, and chaology, the techniques. The other main division comprises first an extended study of small manufacturing businesses, which have many, sometimes difficult-to-quantify, financial variables, and secondly hands-on experience as an owner/manager. Evaluating the two, by comparing and contrasting, was intended to be central to the thesis. Instead it became apparent that no there is no pre-existing agreement on key factors. Formulating working definitions ameliorates the problem and allows the evaluation of chaos, in the context of varied financial success in small manufacturing businesses, as well as other theories, to proceed. The financial information needs of their decision-makers, typically owner/managers focus the evaluation. Contributions to knowledge are two. First is finding chaos to be only marginally relevant. Secondly, at the end of the research when considering chaological techniques, a chain of thought is triggered which leads to a novel, technology-basesd mall manufacturing business financial information technique. Small business computerised accounting, and factory loading systems, image processing, (in which hands-on experience, mentioned in the study was gained), pattern recognition, shape analysis and artificial intelligence are combined in the technique.
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Philpott, Rachel. "Structural textiles : adaptable form and surface in three dimensions." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2011. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/434/.
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My PhD research develops production processes incorporating origami folding, shibori, additive printing and fusing techniques to create textiles that sustain three-dimensional, adaptable form with little or no supporting substructure. In these materials the textile surface itself becomes structural. The controlled packing, deployment and structural stability offered by predetermined folds in planar surfaces are extremely beneficial in many situations e.g. engineering, architecture and product design. I have devised transferable templates of folding that can be reinterpreted in a variety of material weights and scales that have potential for application in a number of these areas. The inherent mobility of these structural textiles, combined with the judicious choice of substrate and materials applied through printing and fusing, enables properties such as thermal or sound insulation, electrical conductivity or light transmission to be varied, as the situation demands. The textiles created are not only autonomous physical entities but also speculative design models. Such developments more usually originate from material science, engineering and textile technology contexts. However, by building on research carried out by these disciplines to develop folded structures but emphasising a ‘poetic’, design-orientated outlook I explore the potential for a more intuitive, nonlinear approach to highlight hitherto overlooked elements in the design process.
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Stankard, Suzanne. "Textile praxis : the case for Malaysian hand-woven songket." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2010. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/435/.
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This research was prompted by a concern for the vulnerability of traditional pre-industrial handicrafts, namely the songket textiles of Malaysia. The songket textile has been woven for over two centuries in Southeast Asia, and its materiality represents cultural heritage, tradition, and national identity in Malaysia. Market competition from imported, less expensive and mass-produced songket textile replicas has forced local makers to instigate creative change, as a means of longevity and secure a place in the market. Within this research theories of development and social science are used to direct the creative practice of the researcher, forming a textile praxis. The practice of the researcher, as a textile designer and weaver, will introduce alternative technology, namely yarns and weaving techniques, to the production of the textile in order to instigate change. This practice is conducted within the field in Malaysia and in the London studios of the Royal College of Art. The implementation of the practice reflects the local material, technological, and economic environments, hence, providing alternative yarns and weaving techniques which are ‘appropriate’ (Schumacher 1993) to the local hand-woven production infrastructure. It is the socio-cultural context of the textiles materiality which most challenges the researcher in her practice; the duality (Gell 1998) of the object, subject, and social relationship. Manifesting itself as objectivity, dualism presents an agency upon creative practice. The autonomous practice of the researcher is challenged by the autonomy of material representation. The textiles which were produced by the researcher’s practice consist of radical changes in materiality. Through acquiring local knowledge, they represent creativity, where social objectivity has been considered and also abstracted by the researcher. The textiles exist, not as a new genre of materiality, but as exposure and influence to local makers, demonstrating creativity which can be achieved by expanding upon existing technological frameworks. By experiencing the use of alternative yarns during the researcher’s field practice, local makers have chosen to adopt and appropriate the use of the yarns within their practice and subsequent textile market, a use which they have sustained. The use of exposure to influence the local makers practice has already caused changes in the textiles materiality. The future materiality of the textile depends upon the time and space in which its creative practice and society resides.
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Preget, Louise. "The nature of management work." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1993. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/448/.
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The thesis contributes to an understanding of the nature of Managerial work, confronting the work in its natural setting. It offers an empirically grounded description of the social organisation of managerial work; it explores the taken for granted features of managers'work that allows members to recognise and reproduce their normal everyday activities amid the variability and complexity that comprises their days work. The study finds managerial work to be a primarily verbal activity; accessible through a study of interaction. Resources of Conversation Analysis are utilised to explore how the managers use talk to accomplish their activities and to expose and test their understanding. An ethnographically informed approach reveals that the social organisation of the work is inextricable from local, referential matters. The thesis is presented in two parts. Part I explorest he 'insitu' accomplishment of a number of activities within selected instances of managerial work; a memo,a discussion of future work plans and a strategic planning meeting. It finds and demonstrates how such work as negotiating a position, identifying a problem reaching agreement is not just the outcome of a sequential organisation but of a retrospective-prospective design. Phenomena such as 'planning' and 'organising' are appropriated at the interactional level. They are found to be achieved in the insitu accomplishment of various conversational features; agreement and modification amongst others, through an understanding of local contingencies such as time scales for projects, the personalities involved, and by practices of description and explanation. Part 2 takes up an interest, begun in Part 1, with occasions when the managers offer explanations of their work. The ability to "talk about management" is found to be a competenc essential to the accomplishment of a number of managerial activities such as working up plans, making sensible a proposal. A number of occasions where particular managers offer verbal 'tours' of their work are explored. Not only doest his reveal something of how accounts get done, but it brings into the public domain some of the 'commonsense understandings' that the managers orientate in shaping up a telling of their work. Attention to these 'espoused logics' 'lines of regard' is important in terms of developing an adequate theory of the organisation of managerial work. It could be on the basis of these' practical theories' that the managers work proceeds that particular decisions get taken, plans are agreed etc.
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Holmes, C. J. "Re-engineering the new product introduction process : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4389/.
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This paper is the executive summary for the research project 'Re-Engineering the New Product Introduction Process.' The project is made up of a number of portfolio submissions describing differing areas of the research. The key reason for the research was to identify a way in which a case study company could radically improve its time to market for new products by improving the process followed. An action research methodology was employed and project team used to aid the development and validation of the process and supporting tools. The result of the work was a proceduralised process for the introduction of new products, Coupled with detailed supporting tools and techniques. This paper summarises the details of the new process and describes the supporting projects. The levels of validation and implementation for all tile projects are also described as these were at differing levels of implementation within the case study organisation.
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Jacklin, Rosamond. "Judgment and decision making in surgery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4378.
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This PhD thesis addresses the question of how we define, measure and improve surgical judgment and decision making, and how junior surgeons may be trained in these skills. The introduction to the thesis outlines the importance of surgical decision making, and the rationale for undertaking this research. An overview of relevant cognitive psychology research is presented, and the methodologies used in the experimental chapters of the thesis are described in detail. The introduction concludes with a systematic review of published empirical work on surgical decision making. The first two empirical studies are qualitative in nature, using interviews and simulation. They address how we define surgical decisions and their relationship to the process of care, including how surgeons subjectively view their own decision making, and whether we can draw inferences from observation of the process in action. Subsequent experimental chapters focus on the measurement of the quality of judgments of risk - a pre-decisional process in which likely outcomes of surgery are evaluated and estimated. Judgment analysis methodology is used to measure surgeons' performance at estimating surgical risks, with evaluation of whether the method shows construct validity, and whether feedback derived from judgment analysis tasks can be used as a teaching tool. The final empirical section of the thesis develops the theme of training junior surgeons in understanding risk and becoming better decision-makers. The process of developing, piloting, implementing and evaluating of a course module aiming to improve surgical trainees' approaches to decision making is presented. Finally the discussion reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of the studies, and outlines the implications of the work for clinical practice, training of junior surgeons, and future research.
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Chang, An-Yuan. "An attribute approach to the measurement of manufacturing system flexibility." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4388/.
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An uncertain environment has forced manufacturing systems to have flexibility. Uncertainties involved with internal and external factors means that flexibility becomes an important competitive factor for the firms. However, the concept of manufacturing flexibility has not yet been clearly identified, understood and integrated. These problems have led to researchers and practitioners getting confused and this produces difficulties when trying to implement it. The research in this thesis attempts to clarify and integrate the various aspects of manufacturing flexibility measurement. The objective of the research was to develop theoretical models to quantify the measurement with mathematical mechanisms. A consolidated and synthesized approach, defined as the attribute approach is proposed in this thesis. This leads to a unified framework for flexibility measurement. Vague concepts together with arbitrarily used terminology has led to confusion in concept and contradictions in manufacturing flexibility research. Omissions that appeared in the literature have been identified and remedied in this research. Ten types of flexibility attributes have been proposed and applied to six types of manufacturing flexibility. By exploring of all ten types of flexibility attribute, it has been possible to clarify the confused arguments found in the literature. The main advantage of the attribute approach is its thorough treatment of flexibility measurement. It has provided a conceptually understandable and theoretically precise method of measuring manufacturing flexibility. It also points to new directions for further research in this field. It is hoped that this thesis has pushed forward the frontier of knowledge in this field.
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Furtado, Cordeiro Tupinambá Ana Paula. "Valoración de las patologías coroidorretinianas a través de ecógrafo tridimensional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4238.
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Este estudio consiste en el análisis prospectivo de las enfermedades coroidoretinianas a través del ecógrafo tridimensional. Se analizaron todas las ventajas de esta técnica con relación a los otros ecógrafos convencionales.Los pacientes fueron distribuidos en tres grupos dependiendo de la enfermedad: grupo 1: Pacientes con melanomas de coroides, grupo 2: Pacientes con desprendimiento total de retina, grupo 3: pacientes con desprendimiento masivo de coroides.
La ecografía tridimensional en el grupo de pacientes con desprendimiento total de la retina, en los casos pos traumáticos, proporcionó una enorme rapidez en la localización espacial del cuerpo extraño intraocular. También fue de gran ayuda, en los casos de desprendimiento total de retina con intensa proliferación vítreo-retiniana, a medida en que proporcionó una localización espacial más precisa y más rápida de las proliferaciones vítreas para un mejor planeamento quirúrgico y a la hora de elegir un sítio más adecuado para las esclerotomías. En los casos de desprendimiento hemorrágico masivo de coroides nos dio en unos pocos segundos, la localización y la extensión espacial exacta y total de de la hemorragia supracoroidea y su relación anatómica con el globo ocular.
En el grupo de pacientes com melanomas de coroides observamos observamos que los pacientes tratados con radioterapia y termoterapia transpupilar, hubo una subestimación de la reducción de estos dos tipos de tratamientos cuando medimos solamente la altura máxima del tumor, que normalmente son medidas a través del ecógrafo convencional, no teniendo en cuenta el volumen total del tumor. Y el ecógrafo tridimensional se mostró superior al ecógrafo bidimensional principalmente en los tumores grandes y medianos a medida en que nos dio más cortes sectoriales de los tumores.
This is a prospective study of the choroidal retinal diseases in the tridimensional echography, aiming to analyze its advantages in relation to the bidimensional echography. The patients were divided into three study groups, according to the diseases: 1: choroidal melanomas; 2: retinal detachment; and 3: hemorragic choroidal detachment.
In patients with retinal detachment after trauma, the tridimensional echography allowed a very quick space location of intraocular foreign body. It was very useful too in the retinal detachment with intense vitreoretinal proliferacion, for it permitted a faster and more accurate space location of those vitreo proliferacion and consequently a better surgical planning and a more exact choice of the best point to do the sclerotomies.
In the cases of hemorragic choroidal detachment, the tridimensional echography determined, in a few seconds, the extension and the location of the hemorragy, helping in establishing the best point to do the sclerotomies and the relation of the choroidal hemorragy and the ocular anatomy.
In the cases of choroidal melanomas, whose patients were treated with radiotherapy and transpupillary termotherapy, it was possible to observe that the measures of the height of the tumors provided by the conventional echography tend to underestimate the results of these treatments, for it is not able to evaluate the total volume of the tumor, as the tridimensional echography does.
The tridimensional echography revealed to be more useful than the bidimensional one mainly in the medium and large tumors, in which it gives us a larger number of sectional cuts.
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Mueller, James D. "Process plant contractors in the former Soviet Union and Central/Eastern Europe : identification and analysis of contractor selection criteria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4138.
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Wegg-Prosser, Victoria. "BBC producer choice and the management of organisational change." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4380.
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Producer Choice was the title given to the trading system, designed around an internal market, which was introduced at the BBC in the years between 1991 and 1994. The initiative represented the biggest organisational change in the BBC's history. The political background to Producer Choice was conditioned by the perceived need of the BBC to ensure renewal of its ten-year Charter in 1996. Producer Choice helped to secure Charter Renewal because it provided the means whereby new accountability and cost measurements were set in place. The 'command economy' of the old BBC was to be replaced with an internal market, and the organisation given an enhanced managerial focus. Using a combination of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, an analysis of all relevant documentation, and the application of theory concerning processual models of change, the nature of bureaucracy, changes in public sector management and the shift from hierarchy to marketisation, the thesis answers three questions: What is Producer Choice? How has it been implemented? What have been its outcomes? The thesis concludes by drawing out some analytical generalisations about the management of change regarding the 'process of sanctification', the effects of divisionalisation on organisational cohesion, and the characteristics of internal markets.
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Hernando, Tavira Rubén. "Utilidad del ganglio centinela en la estadificación del cáncer de colon izquierdo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4308.
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Introducción: Existe controversia en la literatura sobre la utilidad del ganglio centinela (GC) en cáncer de colon.Objetivo: Detección de micrometástasis en los GC que permita una mayor precisión en la estadificación del cáncer de colon.
Metodología: Estudio prospectivo controlado con grupos apareados, de 60 pacientes con cáncer de colon izquierdo en estadio preoperatorio 0, I y II. Se utiliza Azul de Metileno o Nanocoll® para identificar los GC. Comparamos la estadificación linfática convencional mediante hematoxilina-eosina (H-E) y la estadificación obtenida añadiendo al estudio convencional el análisis inmunohistoquímico con Citoqueratina CAM 5.2 de los GC.
Resultados:
Identificación de GC: 100%, 2,4 GC por paciente. Con el estudio patológico convencional, el 31,7% de los pacientes (19/60) presentaban afectación neoplásica linfática (N+) y el 68,3% (41/60) no presentaban afectación linfática (N0). De los pacientes estadificados N0 por estudio convencional se objetivó afectación micrometastásica en los GC en el 9,7 % (4/41). Además, en el grupo de los pacientes N0 fueron objetivados grupos celulares < 0,2 mm y/o >10 células aisladas cytoketatina positiva en los GC en el 17,7% (7/41) y fueron considerados como pacientes con "alto riesgo de progresión neoplásica". Con la estadificación combinada el número de pacientes N+ fue del 38,3% (23 pacientes), supraestadificación respecto al estudio convencional del 6,6% (p= ns). La estadificación podría ascender hasta el 18,3% (p=0,001) si son considerados como N+ los pacientes con "alto riesgo de progresión neoplásica".
Conclusiones:
El estudio linfático combinado (Convencional + GC) incrementa en un 6,6% la estadificación en nuestra serie y además permite identificar un 17% de pacientes N0 con "alto riesgo de progresión neoplásica".
Background: The use of the sentinel node lymph (SNL) in connection with colorectal cancer is a subject in which there has been some controversy.
Purpose: To research the hidden micrometastases in the SNL in order to improve the accuracy of colon cancer staging.
Patients and Methods: Prospective control trial of 60 patients with left colon cancer stage 0, I and II. Methylene Blue® or Nanocoll® had been used to identify the SNL. The standard pathologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) had been compared with the study of SNL with H&E and Cytokeratine CAM 5.2.
Results: Identification of the SNL: 100%, 2.4 SNL detected in each patient. Nodal disease (N+) was found in 19 patients (31.7%), and 41 patients (68.3%) were classified as node-negative (N0). Hidden micrometastasis in the SNL were found in 9.7% (4/41) patients considered as N0 by conventional histopathology. However, in 17.7% (7/41) patients considered as N0 we found large cell clusters, contatining up to 10 tumor cells, falling short of the AJCC on cancer criteria, and were considered to have high-risk disease. Having applied both the SNL study and the standard pathologic examination the number of patients N+ has increased to 38.3% (23 patients), ultrastaging: 6.6% (p= ns). If the patients with large cell clusters in the SNL had been considered as N+ the number of N+ patients would have increased to 50%(30 patients), ultrastaging 18,3%(p=0,001).
Conclusions: The combined nodal study (H&E + SNL) increased 6.6% the staging in our group, and it let to identify a group of patients N0 (17%) with high-risk tumor progression.
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Navarrete, Álvaro M. Luisa. "Aportación al estudio de la teoría vírica en la parálisis facial idiopática por métodos de diagnóstico serológico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4338.
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Avalos, Inmenso Luis Eduardo. "Estudio del mecanismo de despacho Levante en 48 horas en Aduanas de Perú y su impacto en el sector importador, 2010 - 2014." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6597.
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Analiza la validez de un mecanismo de despacho aduanero llamado “Levante en 48 horas”. La evaluación de este instrumento fue determinar el estado actual en el que se encuentra desde su implementación, para su valoración, corrección y perfeccionamiento. Esto es realizado usando una técnica estadística a través de una encuesta a una muestra aleatoria simple de un universo de usuarios-importadores de la Intendencia de Aduana Aérea y postal del Callao. Todo esto permite observar, que para promover y mejorar el uso intensivo del proceso L-48 en la Aduana Aérea del Callao debe revisarse la legislación vigente y el contrato de concesión del Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez, a fin que se permita el retiro de las cargas directamente desde el aeropuerto sin la obligación que éstas ingresen a los depósitos temporales. La investigación refiere que los avances logrados con este mecanismo en el proceso de despacho aduanero podrían tomarse como un parámetro de réplica para otros sectores económicos y sociales que requieran la innovación en agilización de procesos y pos controles e, incluso para su réplica en las aduanas de otros países.Tesis
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Runkehl, Jens [Verfasser]. "www.werbesprache.net : Sprachliche und kommunikative Strukturen von Bannerwerbung im Internet / Jens Runkehl." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042406367/34.
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Ziegler, Diana [Verfasser]. "Zeichen setzen und Zeichen verstehen: Alltagsästhetik und Werbung / Diana Ziegler." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1164342347/34.
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Castellblanque, Mariano Ramiro. "El proceso creativo de la redacción de textos en la comunicación publicitaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4138.
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Wright, J. A. "The role of iron deficiency anaemia & connexin 43 in poor wound healing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1456769/.
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Background Patients with diabetes have a 10% life-time risk of developing diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). DFU is the commonest cause of severe limb ischaemia in the western world. In diabetes mellitus, anaemia is frequently unrecognized. Recently, cell-to-cell interactions, via gap-junctional communication have been shown to play a key role in the molecular biology of wound-healing. Gap-junction channels are assembled of transmembrane proteins called connexins (Cx). Over-expression of Cx43 in wounded skin is associated with both a direct negative effect on keratinocyte and fibroblast migration and delayed wound-healing. Aims The aim of this thesis was to examine the problem of anaemia in patients with poorly-healing DFU. Further, to investigate the prevalence and type of anaemia seen in the high-risk severe DFU patient group, and to determine the current service provision required. Finally, to gain further scientific understanding of the wound-healing process and roles of anaemia and Cx43. Findings In severe DFU patients, >75% have iron deficiency anaemia, although a significant spread of indices was observed. Functional Iron Deficiency (FID) was seen in 25.5%. With current clinical markers, it is incredibly difficult to determine causal relationships. An in-vivo full-thickness excisional wounding study demonstrated that Hb decline correlated with slower re-epithelialisation (p=0.0060). Full-thickness skin biopsies taken from severe limb ischaemia patients demonstrated abnormal histological features in association with increased epidermal Cx43 expression at the wound-edge. 80% of unwounded surgically-viable skin showed persistence of these abnormal features not previously described. Conclusion In severe DFU patients, a high incidence of anaemia and FID was observed Identification of anaemia, AID and FID in this patient group is necessary to assess the role of therapeutic strategies. This is the first detailed in-vivo histological study to demonstrate that iron-deficiency anaemia may play a role in delayed wound-healing. Abnormal Cx43 dynamics in severe limb ischaemia may also represent a novel future therapeutic target.
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Xu, Yunwei. "Safety evaluation of surgical instruments." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bfb1e112-315e-4380-ac2b-9457d2f44762.
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Spurred by recent press reports and other concerns this thesis focuses on the quality of surgical instruments. The current situation is reviewed by considering the regulatory framework and by investigating the quality of newly purchased instruments. A range of test protocols based on British Standards and best practices from industry were developed. These were designed to be practical in the real world situation and a user-friendly database was built to collate all the relevant data and inform the Supply Chain. The conditions experienced by instruments during their lifetime in the health care environment, especially in cleaning and disinfection were studied and as many instruments implicated in Incidents as possible investigated to understand the possible root causes of failure. During this work the importance and debate over surface finish, passivation and disinfection processes became apparent and research was carried out into the effect on wettability and drying mechanism of passivation and repeated disinfection cycles on various typical surface finishes. This concentrated on the environment within the health service unlike other studies which have been concerned with more aggressive industrial situations. Standards and Procedures on the care of instruments have been established in order to improve the current management of surgical instruments and to ensure that they are and remain fit for purpose.
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Exner, Simon, and Pernilla Johansson. "Mäns upplevelser om den förändrade livsvärlden efter en traumatisk ryggmärgsskada." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-437.
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I Sverige drabbas mellan 100-150 personer varje år av en ryggmärgsskada i samband med ett trauma. För de drabbade innebär det en förlorad kroppsfunktion av varierande grad samt en ny livssituation att förhålla sig till. Syftet är att beskriva hur livsvärlden påverkas hos män i arbetsför ålder 18-65 år som drabbas av en traumatisk ryggmärgsskada. För att beskriva detta gjordes en litteraturstudie på kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar som granskades. Resultatet visade på två huvudteman, lidandets dimensioner och lindrat lidande. I lidandets dimensioner beskrevs aktuella problem som uppstod i samband med skadan. Vid lindrat lidande beskrevs olika sätt att hantera och bearbeta den traumatiska händelsen samt vad den nya livssituationen med en ryggmärgsskada innebar för individen. Resultatet visade på vikten av att vården utformas utifrån målet att individen blir så självständig som möjligt. Genom självständighet hos individen blev upplevelsen av beroende och skammen över att vara en börda på andra minskad. Resultatet visade även att patienter kände otrygghet då de upplevde okunskap hos personalen. I diskussionen läggs vikten på sjuksköterskans kunskap om ryggmärgsskador samt att sjuksköterskan kontinuerligt ger information och stöd till individen och de anhöriga. Ett gott stöd från sjuksköterskan visade sig vara en viktig faktor i krishanteringen. Det framkom att de anhöriga behöver stöd i form av samtal och delaktighet. Till sist diskuteras det hur detta kan impliceras i vården.
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Götting, Niels. "Nachweis von TeV-Gamma-Strahlung aus der Richtung der Blazare H1426+428 und 1ES1959+650 sowie der Radiogalaxie M87 mit den HEGRA-Cherenkov-Teleskopen /." Berlin : dissertation.de, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2975287&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Ehorn, Seth. "Citation of Psalm 68(67).19 in Ephesians 4.8 within the context of early Christian uses of the Psalms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17946.
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This thesis examines the citation of Ps 68(67).19 in Eph 4.8. Following an introduction that introduces the problem of the altered wording in the citation in Eph 4.8, chapter 2 comprises a History of Research that is organised around the possible sources for the author’s citation in Eph 4.8. One of several conclusions made is that the proclivity of NT scholars to attribute the source text to particular Jewish traditions has contributed to overlooking the import of Ps 68(67).19 within a normal pattern of christological reading of the Psalms in early Christianity. Following these opening chapters, the thesis is divided broadly into Part One and Part Two. The first is deconstructive in nature; the second is constructive. Part One examines textual traditions of Ps 68(67).19 within Justin Martyr, the Peshitta Psalter, and Targum Psalms. Each of these sources share the reading ‘give’ rather than ‘receive’, raising the question of the relationship between these traditions and Eph 4.8. Chapter 3 examines Justin’s Dialogue with Trypho, which contains two citations of Ps 68(67).19 that strongly resemble Ephesians. Nevertheless, as nearly all interpreters acknowledge, Justin never refers directly to ‘Paul’ or ‘Pauline’ letters in any of his writings. Is the parallel wording of Justin’s citations evidence for an early Christian tradition that was also available to Ephesians? I argue that although unmentioned by name, a reasonable case can be made that Justin is familiar with the Pauline corpus, including Eph 4.8. Chapter 4 considers the evidence of Peshitta Psalms, which agrees with the reading of Eph 4.8 in a strand of its copyist tradition. After examining scholarly construals of the Peshitta MS tradition, I consider direct evidence for the influence of Eph 4.8 upon some Peshitta MSS as intimated by Theodore of Mopsuestia. Chapter 5 examines Targum Psalms, focusing on translation techniques and the targumist’s tendency to add, alter, or modify his source in various ways. I argue that when the targumist’s techniques and tendencies are taken into consideration, the targum’s reading ‘give’ is better understood as a typical targumic insertion. The proclivity of many scholars to link Targum Psalms to Eph 4.8 is a classic example of ‘parallelomania’. Part Two turns to make a constructive case for the citation found in Eph 4.8. Chapter 6 is a close examination of the author of Ephesians’ approach to literary borrowing. I consider both his citations from the Jewish scriptures and his use of Colossians as evidence. Chapter 7 examines how early Christians read the biblical Psalms as prophecies. Following a survey of Jewish readings of the Psalms, this chapter surveys how early Christians read the Psalms in light of the death and resurrection- exaltation of Christ. Drawing insights from this, chapter 8 turns to consider the phrases ‘he ascended . . . he gave gifts’ in Eph 4.8. I argue that an ambiguity of the addressee in the text of Ps 68(67).19 allowed for the application of this text to Christ. Moreover, the ‘ascent’ language could easily be applied to the resurrection- exaltation and this association naturally led to the language of gift-giving in Eph 4.8. Chapter 9 considers how the citation of Ps 68(67).19 fits into the context of Ephesians 4, focusing on several important factors such as the language of descent in Eph 4.9–10. Part One and Part Two are followed by a short conclusion that summarises the thesis and draws out several conclusions and implications based upon this study.
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Thomson, Arlene H. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE APPARENT OVER-REPRESENTATION OF BLACKS IN EDUCABLE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED PROGRAMS IN K-12 SCHOOLS WITHIN THE 67 FLORIDA PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4378.
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Placement into educable mentally handicapped (EMH) programs is necessary for some students in order to allow them the opportunity to receive an education appropriate for their special needs. Nonetheless, identification as EMH is often perceived as negative and demeaning. Decades of research have substantiated the over-representation of black students into certain categories of special education, including EMH, in comparison to white and Hispanic students. This disparity has raised questions within schools, academe and research communities, and legislative and governing bodies as to the causes, compelling factors, and related variables impacting the phenomenon. This study investigated the apparent over-representation of blacks identified as EMH in the 67 public school districts in Florida in 2001-2002. It also analyzed the effects certain school district characteristics had on the identification of white, black, and Hispanic students as EMH. Analysis of data derived from the Florida Department of Education database for school year 2001-2002 led to the following findings: (1) there was over-representation of blacks in EMH within the 67 public school districts in Florida, since results showed that blacks were identified as EMH 2.5 times more often than whites and Hispanics; (2) socioeconomic status of school districts had a significant effect on the identification of black students as EMH,for example, when the school district was identified as a high socioeconomic status district, there was a greater likelihood that a larger proportion of black students would be identified as EMH; (3) as the wealth of school districts rose, there was a significant likelihood that the proportion of black students identified as EMH would also rise; (4) black students had a greater likelihood of being identified as EMH in suburban school districts; (5) blacks were over-identified in school districts that had 60,000 to 89,000 students; (6) when there was a high percentage of white, full-time, non-instructional staff (80% or more) in school districts, blacks had a greater likelihood of being over-identified as EMH; (7) blacks were three times more likely to be identified as EMH regardless of the type of degrees teachers had; and, (8) as district expenditure per student (FTE) increased, the tendency for over-identification of blacks as EMH decreased. For every variable analyzed, the proportion of black students identified as EMH was significant when compared to the proportions of white and Hispanic students also identified as EMH.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Foundations
Education
Educational Foundations
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Fowler, James. "Mind the municipal gap : did the London Passenger Transport Board 'secure for the workers the best obtainable system of popular administration and control', 1905-48?" Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21536/.
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The period 1905-1948 saw the transformation of London Transport from a mass of private and municipal providers into a single nationalised entity. Such drastic and rapid changes in institutions expose the tensions between the ideals of public administration and the realities of politics in the provision of an essential public utility more starkly than periods of stability, making it especially conducive to research and analysis. This thesis challenges existing thinking on the subject in three ways. Firstly, it critically examines who benefitted financially from the operation of London Transport. It finds that, contrary to previous accounts, the passengers rather than the investors were the primary beneficiaries, but that investors were nevertheless better remunerated than sources allow. Secondly, it finds London Transport to have been an essentially unaccountable body. However, contrary to current views, there is no evidence that this was detrimental to the quality of service provided. In fact service quantity and quality markedly improved over the period in question. Thirdly, the management and leadership qualities of the two central figures in London Transport in first half of the 20th Century are critically and systematically assessed here for the first time. Previous accounts do not place their evidence within relevant theoretical frameworks and are often somewhat hagiographic. In summary this thesis is an overdue revision of an existing area of history where the initial accounts published forty or fifty years ago have been uncritically accepted and are themselves too unquestioning of the sources used.
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Götting, Niels. "Nachweis von TeV-[gamma]-Strahlung aus der Richtung der Blazare H 1426+428 und 1ES 1959+650 sowie der Radiogalaxie M87 mit den HEGRA-Cherenkov-Teleskopen." Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2975287&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Kompatscher-Gufler, Gabriela. "Die Gesta-Romanorum-Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck Cod. 667, Cod. 509 und Cod. 433 : ihre Beziehungen zueinander und zu den anderen Gesta-Romanorum-Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck /." Innsbruck : Universitätsverlag Wagner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39996455v.
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Gutierrez, Bazan Ana Lucia de Lourdes, and Baldera Edwin Zeña. "Análisis de la liquidez y la solvencia y su incidencia en la estructura financiera de Conecta Retail S.A. en los años 2013 – 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2705.
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar la liquidez y la solvencia y su incidencia en la estructura financiera de Conecta Retail S.A. en los años 2013 – 2017, este objetivo nació al observar que los resultados financieros obtenidos en la empresa en estos períodos tenían tendencia a la baja y les estaba ocasionando problemas ante sus stakeholders. Así pues, esta investigación tuvo el propósito de analizar ratios financieras tales como liquidez y solvencia y cómo éstos inciden en la estructura financiera adoptada por Conecta Retail S.A. en los años de estudio planteados.
Para el cumplimiento de dicho objetivo la investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación aplicada y diseño no experimental, longitudinal y retrospectivo. En cuanto al primer y segundo objetivo, se halló en Excel y se analizó los ratios de liquidez, solvencia y estructura financiera en los períodos 2013 al 2017 trimestralmente. Posterior a ello, para el tercer objetivo, cada ratio obtenido se codificó dentro del programa SPSS, utilizando un método de modelado, el modelador experto y se complementó éste resultado con la obtención del valor de empresa a partir del EVA. Se concluyó que la liquidez y la solvencia sí incidieron de manera significativa en la estructura financiera, en un 98.40%. Asimismo, el valor de empresa obtenido a partir del EVA mostró que la empresa perdió valor es estos períodos, la liquidez y la solvencia contribuyeron a este resultado desfavorable pues inciden directamente en la estructura financiera.
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Carhuajulca, Delgado Dolibeth. "Diseño de una estructura de costos por proceso para el control de la producción de arroz en la empresa Agroservicios Pacasmayo SAC." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2718.
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En esta investigación de tesis se buscó de qué manera se puede reducir los costos en una empresa aplicando un control en su producción. Teniendo como objetivo general el diseño de una estructura de costos por proceso para tener un control de la producción de arroz en la empresa Agro Servicios Pacasmayo SAC. Para ello se utilizó el método teórico con investigación de tipo aplicada con enfoque mixto y de diseño descriptivo simple no experimental, con el uso de las técnicas de observación, entrevista, organigramas y flujo gramas. Se realizaron la simulación de la estructura de costos por proceso a la empresa materia de estudio obteniéndose la reducción del costo de producción por hectárea y al mismo tiempo se lleva un mejor control de la producción respecto a los suministros y horas maquinas. Es necesario que la empresa implemente el sistema de costos diseñado por que va disminuir su costo de producción por hectárea, asimismo el sistema ejerce un control específico sobre los elementos del costo, las operaciones de producción y horas maquina consumidas. Se recomienda a la empresa el diseño propuesto de una estructura de costos por proceso, al mismo tiempo asignar funciones y responsabilidades para el control del proceso productivo del arroz; con la finalidad de obtener información clara, confiable y oportuna.
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Hagemann, Andreas. "Cold storage of eggs of Acartia tonsa Dana: effects of light, salinity and short-term temperature elevation on 48-h egg hatching success." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13002.
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Copepods play a key role in the marine ecosystem where they form a vital trophodynamic link between primary and tertiary producers, and are the dominant prey of many marine fishes during their larval stage. Because of their naturally high nutritional quality, copepods are excellent alternatives to traditional live feed organisms for intensive marine fish production. For aquaculturists, it is important to have continuous access to live feed organisms when rearing altricial fish larvae. Cold stored subitaneous copepod eggs are highly relevant as inoculum for culturing live food.In the present study, the effects of light, salinity and short-term elevations in temperature on the 48-h hatching success (HS, %) of cold stored (2 °C) A. tonsa eggs were evaluated. A light experiment exposed the eggs to three different environments with respect to light for a period of up to 7.5 months; one treatment exposed the eggs to an artificial light source, the second treatment had eggs stored in complete darkness, and the third treatment had eggs stored under the storage conditions applied at NTNU Sealab (SSC-treatment). A salinity experiment stored eggs in seawater of four different salinities (34, 50, 75 and 100 ) for a period of up to 7.5 months to evaluate if this was beneficial for long-term cold storage of A. tonsa eggs. A short-term temperature elevation experiment was conducted in order to simulate shipping conditions with insufficient cooling for consignments of A. tonsa eggs. Cold stored eggs were exposed to temperatures elevated to 9 and 17 °C for 12 and 24 hours, with and without oxygen present in the storage media, whereupon they were put back in cold storage for a period of one week before determining the HS.The results for the light experiment showed that light had a profound negative effect on the HS of the cold stored A. tonsa eggs. No hatching was observed for eggs that were stored under constant light after 3 months of cold storage. Eggs stored in darkness showed a significantly higher HS at the final sampling of month 7.5 compared to the SSC treatment, and less dispersion in HS between the replicates throughout the experiment. The salinity experiment showed that the eggs could be stored in seawater with a salinity of 50 for up to 3 months with a high HS, whereas storage in seawater of 75 and 100 showed a low HS for most samplings and thus proved as a poor cold storage media. The short-term elevation in temperature experiment showed that the HS was significantly affected by the oxygen concentration in the seawater upon a cold storage period of 3 weeks, and that short-term elevations in temperature, up to 17 °C for a duration of 24 hours, did not significantly affect the HS when hatched one week after the onset of incubation. The viability of the hatched nauplii post temperature exposures was assessed in a feeding incidence experiment. It showed that neither of the conducted temperature elevations utterly inhibited the nauplii from feeding.
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Fernandez, Diaz Carlos. "Examen especial de cumplimiento a las buenas prácticas de almacenamiento de productos farmacéuticos y su efecto en la atención del usuario Hospital de Lambayeque – 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2663.
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Este trabajo se debe a que en la actualidad el acceso a los medicamentos por los pacientes no es adecuado. Tal es el caso de usuarios que a diario requieren la atención de medicamentos sin embargo, se encuentran con la sorpresa que la mayoría de lo requerido no es atendido, razón a ello con la iniciativa de encontrar el motivo, para ello se analizó el almacén especializado del Hospital de Lambayeque, de la Provincia de Chiclayo - Lambayeque, pues al no contar con el control (sistema informático, personal necesario), no es posible identificar lo requerido y realizar las reposiciones a consecuencia la ausencia de estos, tiene como principal problema la acumulación de productos vencidos y por ende afecta la solvencia económica del nosocomio; el objetivo principal es determinar el efecto del cumplimiento de las BPA de los productos farmacológicos frente a la atención de los pacientes del Hospital de la cuidad de Lambayeque año 2018.
El diseño de la investigación es no experimental descriptivo. Para ello se encuestó a los pacientes para determinar el grado que se logró satisfacer y una guía del BPA para identificar la realidad de almacenamiento que presenta el almacén especializado que se ve reflejado en los usuarios, para ello se utilizó la herramienta para medir el grado de satisfacción SERVQUAL en sus cinco dimensiones obteniendo un acumulado 51 % de satisfacción, en paralelo se aplicó una guía de buenas prácticas de almacenamiento encontrando hallazgos muy importantes en relación a aseguramiento de calidad, falta de personal, las instalaciones equipos e instrumentos y almacén.
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Laptali, Emel. "Application of optimisation techniques to planning and estimating decisions in the building process." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/application-of-optimisation-techniques-to-planning-and-estimating-decisions-in-the-building-process(3bc5337e-375b-43b8-acd9-3dc12553eb61).html.
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An integrated computer model for time and cost optimisation has been developed for multi-storey reinforced concrete office buildings. The development of the model has been based on interviews completed with Planners, Estimators and Researchers within 2 of the top 20 (in terms of turnover) UK main contractors, and on published literature, bar charts and bills of quantities of concrete framed commercial buildings. The duration and cost of construction of a typical multistorey reinforced concrete office building is calculated through the first part of the integrated model, i.e. the simulation model. The model provides a set of choices for the selection of materials and plant and possible methods of work. It also requires the user to input the quantities of work, gang sizes and the quantity of plant required, lag values between activities, output rates, unit costs of plant, labour costs and indirect costs. A linked bar chart is drawn automatically by using the data available from the simulation model. The second part of the model, (optimisation) uses the data provided by the simulation part and provides sets of solutions of time vs. cost from which the minimum project cost corresponding to the optimum project duration is calculated under the given schedule restrictions. Linear programming is used for the optimisation problem. The objective function is set to be the minimisation of the project cost which is the total of the direct costs of all the activities creating the project and the indirect costs of the project. The constraints are formulated from the precedence relationship, lag values, and normal and crash values of time and cost for the activities supplied by the simulation model. The simulation part has been validated by comparing and contrasting the results with those methods and practices adopted by commercial planners and estimators. The validation of the optimisation part has been undertaken by plotting time-direct cost curves from the results and checking the convexity of the curves. Additionally, the validation procedures included taking account of the opinions of practitioners in the industry on the practical and commercial viability of the model.
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Saidi, Ali. "Les activités maritimes de la Province d'Afrique romaine (de 46 av. J.-C. – jusqu'en 439 apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040062.
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Il s'agit de faire la reconstitution de l'ensemble du paysage portuaire. On va aussi étudier des différents mécanismes des activités maritimes faisant des cités portuaires de la province d'Afrique romaine, des véritables centres économiques. Autrement dit, on essayera d’étudier les infrastructures portuaires et les aspects, du rôle assumé par ces villes, en tant que points de contact, entre le monde de l’arrière-pays et de l’outre-mer. Dans ce contexte, on tâchera de réexaminer plusieurs thèses, concernant l’évaluation du rôle des ports, dans le processus du commerce maritime extérieur. Cette réflexion nous amènera à examiner les aspects de l’aménagement du réseau routier terrestre ainsi que l’organisation des itinéraires maritimes, qui contribuèrent à l’écoulement de divers produits africains. On examinera également, la nature des marchandises qui constituaient les cargaisons, les divers navires partant des ports. L’organisation administrative et législative du transport, surtout de l'annone, aussi le commerce maritime, son importance, tant qu’elle nous renseigne sur les procédures employées par le pouvoir central romain, pour organiser ce commerce, enfin sur l’importance des villes portuaires, de la province d'Afrique pour RomeThis is to reconstitute the entire port landscape. We will also study the different mechanisms of maritime activities which make the port cities of the province of Roman Africa, the real economic centers. In other words, we will try to study the port infrastructure and the aspects of the role played by these cities as points of contact between the world of inland and oversea. In this context, we will try to review several theses on the assessment of the ports role in the process of foreign maritime trade. This reflection leads us to examine aspects of the organization of land road network and the organization of maritime routes, which contributed to the flow of various African products. We also consider the nature of the goods which were the cargo, various ships from the ports. The administrative and legislative organization of transport, especially the annona, as maritime trade, its importance, as it provides information on the procedures used by the Roman central authority to organize this trade, finally the importance of port cities of the province of Africa to Rome
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CAILAC, CARINE. "Varicelle, zona, herpes genital en guyane francaise : analyse de 65 cas du service de dermato-venereologie de cayenne ; apport du traitement par aciclovir* intra-veineux dans 43 cas." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31096.
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Edwards, Jessica Louise. "Chemistry in the Final Stages of Stellar Evolution: Millimeter and Submillimeter Observations of Supergiants and Planetary Nebulae." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565895.
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High mass loss rates in evolved stars make them the major contributors to recycling processed material back into the interstellar medium. This mass loss creates large circumstellar shells, rich in molecular material. This dissertation presents millimeter and submillimeter studies of the end stages of low mass and high mass stars in order to probe their molecular content in more detail. In low mass stars, the molecular material is carried on into the planetary nebula (PN) stage. Observations of CS, HCO⁺, and CO in planetary nebulae (PNe) of various post-asymptotic giant branch ages have shown that molecular abundances in these objects do not significantly vary with age, as previously thought. More detailed observations of the slightly oxygen-rich PN NGC 6537 resulted in the detection of CN, HCN, HNC, CCH, CS, SO, H₂CO, HCO⁺ and N₂H⁺, as well as numerous ¹³C isotopologues. Observations of the middle-aged PN M2-48 showed the presence of CN, HCN, HNC, CS, SO, SO₂, SiO, HCO⁺, N₂H⁺, and several ¹³C isotopologues. These observations represent the first detections of CS, SO, SO₂, and SiO in any planetary nebula. The implications of these observations are discussed. A 1 mm spectral survey of the supergiant star NML Cygni has been carried out with the Arizona Radio Observatory Submillimeter Telescope resulting in the observation of 102 emission features arising from 17 different molecules and 4 unidentified features. The line profiles observed in this circumstellar shell are asymmetric and vary between different molecules, akin to what has been seen in another supergiant, VY Canis Majoris. The non-LTE radiative transfer code ESCAPADE has been used to model molecular abundances in the various asymmetric outflows of VY Canis Majoris, showing just how chemically and kinematically complex these supergiant circumstellar envelopes really are.
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Bustamante, Delgado Karina. "Evaluación de los procesos operativos de compras y ventas para determinar las contingencias y su efecto en la situación tributaria de la empresa Larusiri E.I.R.L periodo 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2560.
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En la actualidad las normas tributarias y legales están en continuo cambio, las empresas tratando de cumplir en las fechas señaladas con sus compromisos tributarios inciden en errores, por ello el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar los procesos operativos de compras y ventas para determinar las contingencias y su efecto en la situación tributaria de la empresa LARUSIRI E.I.R.L lo que permitirá determinar y cuantificar dichas contingencias donde el contribuyente puede subsanar voluntariamente las sanciones tributarias teniendo el beneficio de acogerse al régimen de gradualidad e incentivos aplicados por la Administración Tributaria.
Para ello, la investigación se desarrolló bajo una perspectiva aplicada y descriptiva tomando como muestra los procesos de compras y ventas de la empresa Larusiri E.I.R.L, realizándose una entrevista al Gerente y el personal, asimismo se ejecutó el análisis comparativo porcentual para determinar el impacto de las contingencias en la situación tributaria de la empresa y el análisis documental para el diseño de medidas correctivas.
Los resultados evidencian que la organización tiene deficiencia en el cumplimiento de sus compromisos tributarios, tales como las declaraciones, bancarización, capacitación en temas tributarios y su aplicación, conocimiento de la Ley de comprobantes de pagos sustanciales y formales, asimismo muestra la existencia de contingencias tributarias tales como omisión de ventas, omisión de ingresos en la Declaración Jurada, omisión en la llevanza de libros contables que si no son subsanas a tiempo la situación económica de la empresa se verá afectada.Tesis
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Bustamante, Marcelo [Verfasser]. "Prognostische Bedeutung der Wachstumsfraktion Ki-67 für das progressionsfreie Überleben von Patientinnen mit einem Mammakarzinom : eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie an 309 Patientinnen mit einem follow-up von mindestens 48 Monaten / Marcelo Bustamante." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079841377/34.
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Kéfélian, Anahide. "Rome et le Royaume d'Arménie : interactions politiques, militaires et culturelles (65 av. - 224 ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040088.
Full textAbstract:
Pendant près de cinq siècles, Rome ne cessa de tenter de maintenir sous influence l'Arménie face aux ambitions parthes puis sassanides, en raison de la position stratégique de ce royaume. Cette thèse se concentre sur les relations entretenues par Rome depuis la deditio de Tigrane II en 65 av. J.-C., et jusqu'en 224 ap. J.‑C., date de l'arrivée des Sassanides. Généralement, les études de ces relations ne se limitent qu'à donner la vision événementielle de la question. Cette thèse remet en contexte les relations diplomatiques entre Rome et l'Arménie ainsi que les interactions qui en découlent en prenant en considération d'autres sources jusqu'alors peu étudiées. Dans ce but, une analyse thématique, divisée en trois parties, a été réalisée. La première partie analyse la représentation de l’Arménie transmise par Rome par l’étude de son image monétaire et sa représentation dans la sculpture. La seconde remet en contexte les relations diplomatiques, vues précédemment à travers le prisme idéologique des monnaies, pour comprendre les tactiques romaines visant à intégrer et maintenir le royaume d'Arménie dans la sphère romaine. Enfin, la troisième partie se concentre sur la présence romaine dans le royaume d'Arménie en étudiant la répartition des troupes romaines et les interactions culturelles et linguistiques qui en découlentFor almost five centuries, the Roman Empire tried to keep Armenia under its influence against the ambitions of the Parthians and Sassanians, due to the strategical location of this kingdom. This thesis reviews the relationship of the Roman Empire with Armenia from the deditio of Tigrane II in 65 BC until the arrival of Sassanians in AD 224. Typically, such studies are only based on factual events. In this thesis however, the diplomatic relationship between Rome and Armenia and the resulting interactions are put into context by also taking into account other sources, which have rarely been studied until now. Therefore, a thematic analysis was performed, which is divided in three parts. The first part deals with the depiction of the Armenian Kingdom that Rome conveyed by analysing its monetary iconography and its representation in the sculptures. The diplomatic relationships, beforehand seen through the ideological prism conveyed by the coins, are put into context in the second part. This allows to understand the tactics used to integrate and keep the Armenian Kingdom in the Roman sphere of influence. The third and last part concentrates on the Roman presence in the Armenian Kingdom by studying the distribution of Roman troops and the resulting cultural and linguistic interactions
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Keym, Stefan. "Magdalena Dziadek: Polska krytyka muzyczna w latach 1890 - 1914 (Die polnische Musikkritik in den Jahren 1890 - 1914) - Bd. 1: Koncepcje i zagadnienia (Konzeptionen und Probleme), Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego 2002, 637 S. - Bd. 2: Czasopisma i autorzy (Zeitschriften und Autoren), Cieszyn: Uniwersytet Śląski Filia w Cieszynie 2002, 435 S. [Rezension]." Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa an der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15982.
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Nashaat, Mostafa. "Probing sensory perception in multiple dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17688.
Full textAbstract:
Natürliches Verhalten findet in diversen sensorischen und motorischen Modalitäten statt, und hängt vom sensorischen Feedback ab, welches das Verhalten kontinuierlich anpasst. Um die zu Grunde liegenden neuronalen Korrelate natürlichen Verhaltens untersuchen zu können, ist die Nutzung moderner Aufnahmetechniken notwendig, die oft die Kopffixierung des Tieres erfordern. Diese Einschränkung wurde mit verschiedenen Methoden angegangen, unter anderem mit virtueller Realität in Kombination mit einem luftgelagerten Ball oder Laufradsystemen. Diese Systeme haben jedoch zahlreiche Nachteile. Wir haben das Air-Track-System entwickelt, eine neue Methode für eine leicht zu bauende und nur minimale Computerverarbeitung erfordernde Verhaltensumgebung. Der Air-Track ist ein leichtgewichtiges physisches Labyrinth, das auf einem Lufttisch schwebt und alle Eigenschaften der "echten" Welt hat, einschließlich mehrerer sensorischer Modalitäten, die eng an die motorischen Handlungen gekoppelt sind. Um dieses System zu testen, trainierten wir Mäuse in Go/No-Go- und two-alternative forced choice-Aufgaben. Mäuse wählten Arme und unterschieden. Ein Kamerasystem mit eigens entwickelter Kontrolle zeichnete die Position des Tieres auf und generierte Daten, die zur Berechnung von Reaktionszeiten in den visuellen und somatosensorischen Unterscheidungsaufgaben verwendet werden konnten. Um die Bewegung des Air-Track-Systems aufzuzeichnen, entwickelten wir ein "Pixy"-System zur Bewegungsverfolgung. Wir erweiterten die Entwicklung dann zu einer allgemeinen und automatisierten optischen Methode für die Echtzeit- ebenso wie die nachträgliche Verfolgung der Mausbewegungen, und zwar sowohl für kopffixierte als auch frei bewegliche Tiere. Das Air-Track-System und die Pixy-Bewegungsverfolgung sind zweckdienliche Einheitslösungen, die die Kombination von quantitativem natürlichen Verhalten mit nahezu jedem System zur Aufzeichnung und Manipulation der Hirnaktivität in einem Hirnforschungs-Labor ermöglichen.Natural behavior occurs in multiple sensory and motor modalities and is dependent on sensory feedback that constantly adjusts behavior. To investigate the underlying neuronal correlates of natural behavior, it is useful to have access to state-of-the-art recording equipment that frequently requires head-fixation. This limitation has been addressed with various approaches such as virtual reality with air ball or treadmill systems. However, these systems have several disadvantages. Here we developed a novel tool, the Air-Track system, an easy to build, head-fixed behavioral environment that requires only minimal computational processing. The Air-Track is a lightweight, physical maze floating on an air table that has all the properties of the “real” world, including multiple sensory modalities tightly coupled to motor actions. To test this system, we trained mice in Go/No-Go and two-alternative forced choice tasks. A custom-controlled camera system monitored animal location, and generated data that could be used to calculate reaction times in the visual and somatosensory discrimination tasks. To track the motion of the Air Track system we developed a “Pixy” tracking system based on an off-the-shelf camera system (Pixy). We then expanded the development into a generalized and automated optical method for real-time and post-hoc tracking of mice motor behavior in both head-fixed and freely moving conditions. Air-Track and Pixy-Tracking systems are convenient “one-size-fits-all” solutions that facilitate the combination of quantitative natural behavior with virtually any system for monitoring or manipulating brain activity in a neuroscience laboratory.
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Garcia, Farias Regina Carla, and Peña Cristian Arnaldo Ventura. "Diseño de control de existencias mediante una auditoría continua para mitigar los desmedros e incrementar la rentabilidad de la empresa Maestro Perú S.A. de Chiclayo 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2567.
Full textAbstract:
El trabajo de investigación se presenta como un diseño de mejora de control de existencia mediante una auditoria continua para mitigar los desmedros y su impacto en la rentabilidad de la empresa Maestro Perú S.A. de Chiclayo para la cual se efectuará y/o un análisis del control de inventarios y de desmedros que se presente la empresa, con la cual se descubrirá el motivo del aumento los desmedros (normales y anormales) en cada período y con lleva a que la empresa Maestro Perú S.A. a tener pérdidas considerables de dinero.
Es así que se propone diseñar un sistema de control interno para mejorar la gestión de desmedros. Durante el desarrollo de la presente investigación se utilizarán técnicas de investigación como la entrevista, el análisis documental, flujo grama y matriz de riesgo con el objetivo de tener un conocimiento más amplio de las expectativas que tiene Maestro Perú S.A. con la conducción de sus existencias y desmedros.
Planteando una hipótesis de un eficiente control de existencias mediante una auditoria continua que ayudara a la empresa a mitigar los desmedros e incrementar la rentabilidad de la empresa Maestro Perú S.A. de Chiclayo.
Finalmente, este estudio proporcionará un enfoque diferente a la empresa, para que impulse o introduzca esta evaluación o propuesta para reducir sus desmedros, y permita obtener un control adecuado de las existencias.Tesis
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Asenjo, Vasquez Diana Elizabeth, and Paredes Jose Luis Orbegoso. "Aplicación de un estudio de costos por procesos para determinar y mejorar la rentabilidad de la Empresa Pecuaria DAVILA EIRL, Mórrope – 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2585.
Full textAbstract:
Los métodos de costeo son indispensables en una organización, porque son herramientas que brindan la información necesaria para llevar de manera adecuada la gestión empresarial. Cada actividad desempeñada por las entidades funciona de manera distinta, por esta razón existen diversos métodos para optar por el más adecuado.
En el departamento de Lambayeque en el rubro pecuario porcino, las empresas nacen como ideas de negocio en zonas rurales, que son manejados bajo ideas empíricas y la habilidad del comerciante. Estas organizaciones no cuentan con un registro de sus costos, por ello no pueden ver reflejada su rentabilidad ni cuentan con una información fidedigna plasmada.
La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con el fin de conocer la manera de estructurar los costos por la metodología por procesos para así poder dar base y respaldo a la toma de decisiones, así como también conocer la rentabilidad del negocio. Para ello nos centramos en la empresa pecuaria Granja Davila EIRL, donde procedimos a estudiar sus procesos, estudiar la naturaleza de los costos que se incurren y aplicar el costeo por proceso. De esto se obtuvo a través del Estado de Resultados, que la actividad es rentable y existen ciertas ineficiencias afectando los resultados.Tesis
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Rivas, Muro Graciela del Carmen, and Chapoñan Doris Elizabeth Cornejo. "Diseño de un sistema de control interno aplicando la metodología COSO II para lograr la eficiencia en el control de los inventarios en la empresa Inversiones AJ&E S.R.L año 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2641.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un sistema de control interno aplicando la metodología COSO II para lograr la eficiencia en el control de los inventarios de la empresa Inversiones AJ&E S.R.L año 2015. La investigación se justificó porque generó reflexión sobre los elementos de control que debe disponer un sistema aplicando la metodología COSO II. Se usó una metodología de tipo descriptiva y aplicada junto a un diseño transversal y no experimental, donde la población y muestra estuvieron compuestas por la propia empresa, y donde las principales técnicas de recolección utilizadas, fueron la entrevista, la observación y el análisis documental.
Entre los principales resultados de la investigación tenemos que el nivel de confiabilidad en el control interno de inventarios fue bajo, debido a que los valores obtenidos en las dimensiones del ambiente de control, evaluación de riesgos y supervisión y monitoreo, reflejaron una fiabilidad de 44,0%, 47,0%, y 0,0%.
Finalmente, la investigación concluye que la propuesta de un sistema de control interno aplicando la metodología COSO II para lograr la eficiencia y control de los inventarios de la empresa Inversiones AJ&E S.R.L año 2015, estuvo enfocada en el uso de un método determinístico para la evaluación del volumen de su inventario, en la evaluación de la integridad estructural e independización funcional de su almacén, en el uso de un registro como el Kardex, en el diseño de un catálogo actualizado, y en la práctica de un conteo anual de todos su inventario.Tesis
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Torres, Flores Maria Nelly. "Evaluación de los procedimientos de control interno aplicando el COSO III para mejorar la gestión de inventarios en la empresa Santana SAC, periodo 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2631.
Full textAbstract:
Se plasmó el tema de estudio del control interno llevado a cabo en la empresa Santana SAC, ya que usualmente las empresas no disponen de un sistema de control interno bien constituido y ello no les permite manejar adecuadamente la gestión de sus inventarios, lo que finalmente genera problemas financieros de gran relevancia para las empresas. Tuvo como objetivo general: Evaluar los procedimientos de control interno para mejorar la gestión de inventarios en la empresa Santana SAC, Chiclayo – 2018, para lo cual se consideraron los objetivos específicos: describir aspectos generales de la empresa, identificar las deficiencias en los procedimientos de control interno, analizar la gestión de inventarios y diseñar procedimientos de control interno mediante el Coso III para mejorar la gestión de inventarios en la empresa; con un tipo de investigación descriptiva – cuantitativa y diseño No Experimental – transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por la Gerente General; las técnicas empleadas fueron la entrevista, encuesta y análisis documental, con sus respectivos instrumentos: guía de entrevista, cuestionario y guía de análisis documental. Los resultados obtenidos en la empresa demostraron que cuenta con deficiencias en los procedimientos de compra, venta y almacenaje de mercaderías, debido a que no cuentan con personal capacitado, existen sobrecargos de actividades en cada trabajador, no manejan temas sobre gestión de inventarios y existen irregularidades en el control interno. Se resolvió que se aprueba la hipótesis puesto que los procedimientos de control interno en base al Coso III sí mejoran la gestión de inventarios en la empresa Santana SAC.Tesis
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Milian, Copia Sonia del Pilar. "Evaluación del proceso de compras y almacén para la eficiente gestión comercial e incrementar la rentabilidad en la empresa comercial A & B Representaciones S.R.L." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2618.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo de la siguiente investigación se orientó en la evaluación del proceso de compras y almacén para la eficiente gestión comercial e incrementar su rentabilidad de la empresa A & B Representaciones S.R.L. al observar que los procesos internos tenían deficiencias debido a que se estaban manejando de manera inapropiada sus recursos, así pues nace este trabajo de investigación con el propósito de solucionar dicha problemática y aportar mejoras en los procesos, que permitan utilizar sus recursos de forma eficiente.
Para el cumplimiento de dicho objetivo se utilizó una investigación de enfoque mixto, tipo aplicada – descriptiva y diseño no experimental, utilizando las técnicas como las encuestas y ficha de observación; todo ello sirvió para detectar los inconvenientes en los procesos de compras y almacén presentados a través de flujogramas que sirvieron para evidenciar los puntos críticos de cada proceso. Posterior a ello, se identificaron las deficiencias, causas y efectos que presentan cada uno de los procesos, asimismo con el método ABC aplicado se pudo cuantificar la ineficiencia en función de los productos de mayor, intermedio y menor rotación con la finalidad de realizar una proyección en función del dinero que se utiliza para comprar productos de menor rotación (Clase C) e invertir en compras de productos de mayor rotación (Clase A) logrando así un incremento en su rentabilidad.Tesis
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Garcia, Pulido Edwin Miguel, and Alvarado Kevinn Steven Terrones. "Diagnóstico financiero para evaluar la gestión operativa de las ventas al crédito y su impacto en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones financieras de la empresa Comercial Roseli SCRL." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2704.
Full textAbstract:
En la presente investigación se evaluó la gestión operativa de las operaciones de la empresa Comercial Roseli S.C.R.L, determinando el impacto en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones financieras; mediante un diagnóstico financiero, cuyos resultados emitidos por este instrumento financiero, les permitirá a los interesados evaluar, mejorar, optimizar y maximizar los recursos invertidos en la empresa, tomar decisiones para alcanzar sus objetivos y llegar a cubrir sus obligaciones financieras de una manera eficaz. El objetivo general de esta investigación es evaluar la gestión operativa de las ventas al crédito, para determinar su impacto en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones financieras de la empresa Comercial Roseli S.C.R.L de la ciudad de Chiclayo. Diseño de políticas de mejora. Las técnicas que se utilizaron para el procesamiento y análisis de datos fueron: la observación, la entrevista y el análisis documental. Así mismo, los métodos que se emplearon en esta investigación son teóricos, ya que interpretó la esencia del objeto de estudio. Además, de analizar los Estados Financieros. Obteniéndose como resultados que la empresa no tiene un buen proceso de ventas y cobranzas, generándole un sobrendeudamiento y a la vez iliquidez. Se concluyó que la empresa Comercial Roseli S.C.R.L. no tiene implementada una política de créditos, siendo esto un factor desfavorable, ya que no tiene un proceso definido en el otorgamiento de créditos. El aporte de esta investigación es implementar políticas de crédito para contrarrestar las situaciones financieras desfavorables.
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Loupiac, Annie. "La poétique des éléments dans "La Pharsale" de Lucain." Bruxelles : Latomus Revue d'études latines, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372098529.
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Buntrock, Stefan. ""Und es schrie aus den Wunden" Untersuchung zum Schmerzphänomen und der Sprache des Schmerzes in den Íslendinga-, Konunga-, Byskupasögur sowie der Sturlunga saga." Doctoral thesis, München Utz, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AEE3-6.
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Grout, Ioannis. "Evaluation of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) dose-response models predicting acute Pneumonitis in patients treated with conformal radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer, and development of a NTCP calculation software tool." Thesis, 2007. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/654.
Full textAbstract:
A set of mathematical models, known as radiobiological Dose-Response models, have
been developed, to model the biological effects and complications that arise following irradiation. The overall objective is to be able to apply these in clinical practice with confidence, and ensure more successful treatments are given to patients.
This investigation serves to assess these models and their predictive power of NTCP
following irradiation of the lung. Clinical data, from patients treated for inoperable
stage III non-small cell lung cancer is obtained and the consequent biological effect
(severity of pneumonitis) observed as a result of this radiation treatment is assessed by the models.
By gaining more knowledge about the 3D dose-distribution and the incidence of radiation pneumonitis through the evaluation of the models, the main treatment goal, which is to maximise TCP and minimise NTCP can be achieved. Post treatment data is obtained regarding the clinical outcome or clinical endpoint for each patient, considered to be Radiation Pneumonitis. The clinical endpoint is a specific biological effect that may or may not have occurred,after a certain period, following irradiation.
The models are assessed on their ability to predict a NTCP value that corresponds to
the resulting clinical endpoint following treatment. Furthermore a software tool for
the calculation of NTCP’s by the models is developed, in an attempt to provide an
important tool for optimization of radiotherapy treatment planning.
With our findings from this study, our aim is to further strengthen, support and challenge already existing literature on dose-response modelling.-