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Published: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "636.408 9":

Oliveira, Leandro, Thais Megid, Daniela Rosa, Daniele Assad-Suzuki, Daniel Argolo, Solange Sanches, Laura Testa, et al. "Abstract PO2-16-07: Real-world eligibility for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors among patients without genomic risk for chemotherapy: a GBECAM multicenter retrospective study." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (May 2, 2024): PO2–16–07—PO2–16–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po2-16-07.

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Abstract Background: Oncotype DX (ODX) is a genomic signature (GS) for the prediction of risk of recurrence and benefit of chemotherapy (CT) in both node negative (N0) and positive (N1), hormone receptor positive (HR+), HER2 negative (HER2-) early breast cancer (eBC). ODX was not an inclusion criterion in the MonarchE but was one in the Natalee study, in which trials most patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. We aim to evaluate the proportion of patients potentially eligible for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) without CT indication by genomic risk using real-world data from a large dataset of patients from various Brazilian institutions. Methods: Clinicopathologic and ODX information were reviewed for patients with T1-T3, N0-N1, HR+/HER2- eBC who had an ODX performed between 2005 and 2020. Projections of CT indication by genomic criteria were based on TAILORx and RxPONDER data. Projections of adjuvant CDK4/6i indication were based on the MonarchE and Natalee criteria. Results: Of 636 patients, 27.5%/51.8%/20.8% were T1mic-a-b/T1c/T2-3, respectively. 19.5% were grade 1 (G1), 66.9% G2 tumors and 12.9% G3. 74 (11.6%) were N1. The ODX indicated low (< 11), intermediate (11-25) and high ( >25) risk in 117 (18.4%), 408 (64.1%) and 111 (17.5%) patients, respectively. 408 patients (64.2%) had low clinical risk and 228 patients (35.8%) had high clinical risk disease. In the overall cohort, 439 (69%) did not have genomic indication for CT, 25 (3.9%) and 133 (21%) were eligible for adjuvant abemaciclib and ribociclib, respectively. Among patients eligible for adjuvant CDK4/6i, greater than 50% did not meet genomic criteria for recommendation of CT (Table 1). Conclusions: In times of rapid incorporation of both GES (as valuable treatment de-escalation tools) and adjuvant CDK4/6i, our results suggest that a meaningful proportion of patients could be eligible for adjuvant abemaciclib and/or ribociclib independently of CT indication. However, little is currently known about the role of these agents in patients not treated with chemotherapy because they were largely unrepresented in these studies. Proportion of patients eligible for adjuvant CDK4/6i in the overall and non-CT eligible population. CT: chemotherapy Citation Format: Leandro Oliveira, Thais Megid, Daniela Rosa, Daniele Assad-Suzuki, Daniel Argolo, Solange Sanches, Laura Testa, José Bines, Rafael Kaliks, Débora Gagliato, Romualdo Barroso-Sousa, Tatiana Correa, Andrea Shimada, Daniel Batista, Daniel Musse, Marcelle Cesca, Débora Gaudêncio, Larissa Moura, Julio Araujo, Renata Colombo Bonadio, Artur Katz, Max Mano. Real-world eligibility for adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors among patients without genomic risk for chemotherapy: a GBECAM multicenter retrospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-16-07.

Bell, John. "European Public Law. By Patrick Birkinshaw: [London: Butterworths, 2003. liv + 637 pp. ISBN 0-406-94266-9. £29.95]." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 1 (January 2004): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.1.250.

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Liu, Wen-Hu, Yi-Shen Qiu, Hong-Jun Zhang, Jian-Hua Dai, Peng-Ye Wang, and Liang-Ying Xu. "Energy transfer in Sr0.56Ba0.44Nb2O6:Ce AT 633 nm." Optics Communications 64, no. 1 (October 1987): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(87)90374-9.

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Sperling, Joy. "Dressed for Freedom: The Fashionable Politics of American Feminism, Einav Rabinovitch-Fox (2021)." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00137_5.

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Review of: Dressed for Freedom: The Fashionable Politics of American Feminism, Einav Rabinovitch-Fox (2021)Urbana, IL, Chicago, IL and Springfield, IL: University of Illinois Press, 248 pp.,ISBN 978-0-25204-401-4, h/bk, $110.00ISBN 978-0-25208-606-9, p/bk, $24.95ISBN 978-0-25205-294-1, e-book, $14.95

Nicolini, F. E., F. X. Mahon, J. Guilhot, A. Buzyn, M. Tulliez, C. Berthou, B. Christian, D. Guyotat, C. Preudhomme, and F. Guilhot. "A phase III study exploring various doses of imatinib (IM) or IM in combination for newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients (pts): Results of an interim analysis of the SPIRIT trial of French CML group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 7058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7058.

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7058 Background: IM 400 mg daily is the front-line treatment of CP CML, but provides only 50% major molecular responses (MMR) at 18 months (Mo). We designed a phase III randomized multicenter open-label prospective trial comparing IM 400 mg/d (n=159) with 3 experimental arms: IM 600 mg/d (n=160), IM 400 mg/d + s/c cytarabine (Ara-C), (20 mg/m2/d, d15–28 of 28-day cycles) (n=158) and IM 400 mg/d + s/c Peg-IFN2a (90 μg/wk) (n=159). Pts were allocated at a 1.1.1.1 ratio, stratified by Sokal risk groups. Molecular assessments were centralized and blinded. An interim analysis of 636 pts was planned based on an IS BCR-ABL/ABL ratio <0.01% (Optimal Molecular Response, OMR) at 1 year (α=0.85%, β=10%). Results: 636 pts were recruited between 9/2003 and 10/2007, median age 51 (18–78) yrs, 62% males, median follow-up for alive pts 36 (12–62) Mo. At 3 Mo, 88% of pts achieved complete hematologic response. Complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), MMR and OMR rates are presented (Table). MMR rates at 6 and 12 Mo were higher for IM-PegIFN as compared to IM-400 (p<10-3). At 18 Mo the cumulative OMR rates were 22% (IM-400), 28% (IM-600), 25% (IM-Ara-c), 43% (IM-PegIFN). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia occurred during the first year in 8% IM-400, 14% IM-600, 41% IM-Ara-C and 40% IM-PegIFN arms respectively. Grade 3/4 non-hematological toxicities occurred in 19% IM-400 (edemas, muscle cramps), 30% IM-600, 27% IM-Ara-C (diarrhea) and 31% IM-PegIFN pts (skin rashes, asthenia). Within the first 12 Mo, discontinuation of experimental treatment occurred in 8% IM-600, 39% Ara-C and 45% PegIFN pts. Conclusions: Although a significant number of pts reduced or stopped PegIFN within the first year, significant improvements in molecular response rates were observed in the IM-Peg IFN arm and may translate into survival benefit. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

Li, Jian, and Zhihong Jeff Xia. "Mean plane of the Kuiper belt beyond 50 AU in the presence of Planet 9." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037728.

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Context. A recent observational census of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) has unveiled anomalous orbital structures. This has led to the hypothesis that an additional ∼5 − 10 m⊕ planet exists. This planet, known as Planet 9, occupies an eccentric and inclined orbit at hundreds of astronomical units. However, the KBOs under consideration have the largest known semimajor axes at a > 250 AU; thus they are very difficult to detect. Aims. In the context of the proposed Planet 9, we aim to measure the mean plane of the Kuiper belt at a > 50 AU. In a comparison of the expected and observed mean planes, some constraints would be put on the mass and orbit of this undiscovered planet. Methods. We adopted and developed the theoretical approach of Volk & Malhotra (2017, AJ, 154, 62) to the relative angle δ between the expected mean plane of the Kuiper belt and the invariable plane determined by the eight known planets. Numerical simulations were constructed to validate our theoretical approach. Then similar to Volk & Malhotra (2017, AJ, 154, 62), we derived the angle δ for the real observed KBOs with 100 < a < 200 AU, and the measurement uncertainties were also estimated. Finally, for comparison, maps of the theoretically expected δ were created for different combinations of possible Planet 9 parameters. Results. The expected mean plane of the Kuiper belt nearly coincides with the said invariable plane interior to a = 90 AU. But these two planes deviate noticeably from each other at a > 100 AU owing to the presence of Planet 9 because the relative angle δ could be as large as ∼10°. Using the 1σ upper limit of δ < 5° deduced from real KBO samples as a constraint, we present the most probable parameters of Planet 9: for mass m9 = 10 m⊕, orbits with inclinations i9 = 30°, 20°, and 15° should have semimajor axes a9 > 530 AU, 450 AU, and 400 AU, respectively; for m9 = 5 m⊕, the orbit is i9 = 30° and a9 > 440 AU, or i9 < 20° and a9 > 400 AU. In this work, the minimum a9 increases with the eccentricity e9 (∈[0.2, 0.6]) but not significantly.

Kutluk, M. Tezer, and Akif Yeşilipek. "Pediatric Cancer Registry in Turkey 2009-2021 (TPOG & TPHD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e22020-e22020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e22020.

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e22020 Background: The pediatric cancers is in the global agenda to improve the survival rates which is still low in LMICs although it is more than 80% in HICs. More than 300.000 pediatric cancer cases annually are expected in children and adolescents aged 0-14 globally. Registry is the first step of an efficient cancer control. Here, we present the most updated results of the pediatric cancer registry fromTurkey. Methods: Turkish Pediatric Oncology Group and Turkish Pediatric Hematology Association has established the pediatric cancer registry in 2002. The childhood cancer cases registered between 2009-2021 was included in this analysis. International Childhood Cancer Classification System was used for the classification. Essential demographic findings, ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes were recorded for each case. Results: During the 13 years from 2009 to 2021, 24080 cases were registered. For all cases, median age was 6.7 year (0-19; M/F 13461/10609, 4 hermaphrodite, 6 unknown). Age distribution was 0-4 yrs, 40.8%; 5-9 yrs, 23.8%; 10-14 yrs, 23.3%; 15-19 yrs, 12.1%) The distribution of the tumor types were [number of cases, percentage of total, median age yrs, M/F]: Leukemia (5819, 24.2%, 5.5, 3366/2453); Lymphoma & other RES tumors (4446, 18.5%, 9.8, 2956/1487, 1 hermaphrodite & 2 unknown); CNS [brain & spinal] (3730, 15.5%, 6.8, 2061/1668, 1 unkown); Symphatetic system (1965, 8.2%, 2.3, 1010/955); Retinoblastoma (675, 2.8%, 1.4, 375/300); Renal (1160, 4.8%, 3.1, 557/601, 1 hermaphrodite & 1 unknown); Liver (409, 1.7%, 2.2, 234/175); Malignant bone (1584, 6.6%, 12.6, 864/720); Soft tissue sarcomas (1726, 7.2%, 7.7, 983/743); Germ cell (1593, 6.6%, 9.6, 588/1001, 2 hermaphrodite, 2 unknown); Carcinoma & other malignant epithelial (804, 3.3%, 13.5, 381/423); Other/non-specific malignant (169, 0.7%, 7.9, 86/83). Five year survival rate was found as 72.3%. Conclusions: The registry shows that the survival rates for children and adolescents have been improved to 72% which reflects the status of the pediatric cancer care in Turkey. The data from this work became a valuable source for all stakeholders in national and international level working on improvement the pediatric cancer control.

Guilhot, Francois, François-Xavier Mahon, Joelle Guilhot, Francoise Rigual-Huguet, Frederic Maloisel, Philippe Rousselot, Martine Gardembas, et al. "Randomized Comparison of Imatinib Versus Imatinib Combination Therapies in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) Patients in Chronic Phase (CP): First Results of the Phase III (SPIRIT) Trial from the French CML Group (FI LMC)." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.183.183.

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Abstract Imatinib (IM) at 400 mg daily is the first line therapy for newly diagnosed CML patients (pts); however, less than 50% of major molecular responses (MMR) are obtained at 12 months. To improve these results, we designed a phase III, multicenter, open-label, prospective randomized trial. The reference arm was IM 400 mg daily (n=159). The 3 experimental arms were IM 600 mg daily (n=160), IM 400mg daily in combination with Ara-C, (20 mg/m2/day, days 15–28 of 28-day cycles)(n=158) and IM 400mg in combination with Peg-IFN alfa-2a (Peg-IFN2a, 90 μg weekly) (n=159). Treatment was delivered at least 12 months or until treatment failure (disease progression) or major toxicity. The primary endpoint is the overall survival. Other endpoints are: rate and duration of hematologic and cytogenetic responses, major (MCyR) and complete (CCyR), molecular response (major molecular response ie MMR) and the tolerability. Using treatment allocation ratio 1.1.1.1, randomization was stratified according to Sokal risk groups. The current interim analysis of the first 636 patients (α=0.85%, β=10%) at 1 year from randomization was planned in order to select the best experimental arm for further comparison with IM 400. The increased dose of IM or a combination regimen would be considered as promising if it increased the 4 log reduction response rate by at least 20 percentage points, e.g. from 15% to 35%, with an acceptable tolerability. Evaluation of molecular response up to 12 months was centralized, blinded and calculated according to International score (IS). Pts were recruited between 9/2003 and 10/2007.[median age 51 yrs (18–82), 62% of pts were male; Sokal distribution was low risk 33%, intermediate risk 41% and 27% high risk]. Median follow-up is 36 months (range 8–57) at the time of analysis. Overall, at 3 months 86 % of pts achieved complete hematologic response. The MCyR, CCyR and MMR rates at 6 and 12 months are: IM-400 IM-600 IM-Ara-c IM-PegIFN *p< 10−2 (overall); ** p<10−2 (overall) At 6 months (636 pts, ITT) MCyR 74% 79% 68% 74% CCyR * 48% 67% 55% 56% At 12months (562 evaluable pts) MCyR 64% 76% 77% 74% CCyR 57% 65% 66% 71% MMR at 6 months** 21% 33% 27% 39% MMR at 12 months 40% 52% 51% 61% Interestingly the rate of MMR at 6 months was significantly higher for IM-PegIFN as compared with IM-400 (p<10−3). The 4-log reduction rate in the BCR-ABL/ABL transcript were 18%, 21%, 22%, 34%, for the IM-400, IM-600, IM-Ara-c and IM-PegIFN arms respectively. The corresponding numbers of undetectable (complete molecular response) pts were 2%, 2%, 3% and 9% at 12 months respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia occurred in 8% of IM-400 pts, in 14% of IM-600 pts, in 41% of IMAra- c pts and in 40% of IM-PegIFN pts respectively. Grade 3/4 non hematological events were reported in 19% of IM-400 pts, in 30% of IM-600 pts, in 27% of IM Ara-c pts and in 31% of IM-PegIFN pts. Among them a relationship between treatment and event was suspected for 21 pts (13%) with IM-400 (7 liver toxicity; 7 oedema+muscle cramps), for 31 pts (19%) with IM-600 (7 liver toxicity, 11 oedema+ muscle cramps) for 36 pts (23%) with IM-Ara-c (2 liver toxicity; 10 gut side effect) and for 47 pts (29%) with IM-PegIFN (6 liver toxicity, 13 skin rash). Discontinuation of experimental treatment occurred within the first 6 and 12 months in 26% and 18% of IM-Ara-c pts and in 35% and 11% pts of IM-PegIFN pts respectively. Within the first 12 months 36% of 600-IM pts reduced their dosage. Although a substantial number of pts stopped PegIFN, this first analysis indicates the usefulness of a combination of IM-PegIFN for the initial treatment of pts with CML CP with a significant molecular response rate improvement. Complete analysis of the 636 pts with a follow-up of 12 months will be presented.

Khasanah, Nur, Raehanah, Bunawas, I. Wayan Ari M, Rinarto Subroto, Lalu Sahrul H, Paramita Putri A, and Dia Ulfariah. "Measurement and Risk Analysis of Ozone (O3) Concentrations in the 9 MeV and 12 MeV Electron Mode LINAC." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 2 (February 25, 2024): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i2.5347.

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This study investigates potential non-radiation hazards, specifically Ozone (O3) production, during Linear Accelerator (LINAC) electron mode radiotherapy. The research uses experimental measurements to determine Ozone concentration in the LINAC patient waiting room and control room. Measurements are taken assuming a ±2-hour delay in one working day, using 9 MeV and 12 MeV energy, 400 MU dose rate, and illumination angles of 0o, 90o, and 270o. Maximum Ozone concentrations in the LINAC patient waiting room and control room are found to be 6.6 ppb (12 MeV) and 8.3 ppb (12 MeV), respectively. These concentrations fall below the chemical threshold limit and are deemed safe for human exposure. Notably, potentially detectable Ozone levels are observed in the LINAC banker. Overall, this research highlights the importance of monitoring Ozone levels to ensure the safety of both patients and personnel in LINAC facilities.

HUANG, Ming-li, Hong-xiao LI, Hua DING, Li BAO, Xiao-bin MA, and Shi-ming HAO. "Intermetallics and phase relations of Mg-Zn-Ce alloys at 400 °C." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 3 (March 2012): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61211-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "636.408 9":

Congying, Chen. "Towards the genetic dissection of the complex maternal infanticide behaviour using a white Duroc x Erhualian pig F2 design." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F128-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "636.408 9":

Kalinina, Elena, and Nina Sumbatova. "Clause structure and verbal forms in Nakh-Daghestanian languages." In Finiteness, 183–249. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199213733.003.0007.

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Abstract The notion of finiteness is one of those theoretical concepts that is widely used but vaguely defined. Traditionally, finiteness has often been understood in terms of morphological categories, i.e. as the ability of a verbal form to be marked for certain morphological categories such as subject agreement in person and number, or tense (e.g. Schwyzer 1939: 639; Heidolph et al. 1981: 498). Generative grammar also accepts that finiteness of a clause correlates, although indirectly, with verbal morphology (e.g Radford 1988: 287–92; Rizzi 1997: 284; Carnie 2002: 149–51, and Kornfilt, Chapter 9 below).

Augeri, David M. "Biogeographic and Anthropogenic Effects on Asian Elephants in Tropical Forests of Sumatra, Indonesia." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 140–70. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0014-9.ch008.

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DISTANCE protocols and MIKE Survey Standards were used in the field to determine Critically Endangered (CR) (A2c) Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) occupancy, density and abundance in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP). Forest and habitat type, age, character, and integrity were the most significant factors affecting elephant occupancy. Principal forage types relative to elephant activity were palms and lianas, which dominated significantly in undisturbed primary forest. DISTANCE model density D=0.167 elephants/km-2 (95% CI=0.106–0.262), best-fitting occupancy Ψ=0.6321 (SE±0.0010) and detection probability p=0.6225 (SE±0.0001) estimates combined yielded N=407 elephants (95% CI: 258–638) in GLNP. The most parsimonious occupancy model estimated N=392.82 elephants (SE:±30.65; 95% CI: 332.78-452.95) in GLNP. Forest restoration, ecosystem protections, and conservation plans for Asian elephants, biodiversity, and forests are suggested in this study.

calendar, Martin J. Loessner richard. "The Listeria Bacteriophages." In The Bacteriophages, 593–601. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195168778.003.0037.

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Abstract Bacterial viruses specific for the genus Listeria were discovered almost 60 years ago (57), and were early reported for their usefulness in phage typing (61) of isolates of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (65). In the following years, phage typing of Listeria isolates has proven to be a very useful method, and led to the isolation of more than 400 phages for L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and the nonpathogenic species L. innocua, L. seeligeri, and L. welshimeri (5, 9, 16, 19, 22, 25, 26, 31^33, 48^51, 53, 55, 63). To date, no phages infecting organisms of the species L. grayi have been found. This chapter briefly summarizes our present knowledge on Listeria phages, and gives an overview on their general and particular properties, with respect to both the basic science and the various practical applications.

Loessner, Martin J., and Richard Calendar. "The Listeria Bacteriophages." In The Bacteriophages, 593–601. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148503.003.0037.

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Cusumano, Nicola. "Agamennone βουληφόρος? La sovranità alla prova del processo deliberativo." In Lexis Supplements. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-632-9/003.

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Starting with the Iliad, Agamemnon is mostly depicted at the centre of dramatic deliberative situations. This feature is also present in fifth-century literature, particularly in some plays in which Agamemnon’s decision-making ability in uncertainty comes into tension with other characters in order to determine the ‘right’ decision and adequate leadership features. In this paper, I will focus on the Euripides’ play Iphigenia in Aulis (405 a.C.). In this tragedy the behaviour of the Achaean king draws our attention, as he is not equipped to handle his role and responsibilities. In the same years, also historiography is interested in the nature and risks of the deliberative process, as Thucydides points out in relation to some key moments of the Peloponnesian War, specifically in the Mytilene debate.

Taber, Douglass F. "C–H Functionalization: The Maimone Synthesis of Podophyllotoxin." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0021.

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Matthias Beller of the Universität Rostock developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 6477) a Rh catalyst for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of an alkane 1 to the alkene 2. Bhisma K. Patel of the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati effected (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 3086) oxidation of cyclohexane 3 and 4 to form the allylic benzoate 5. Justin Du Bois of Stanford University devised (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 656) an organocatalyst that mediated the hydroxylation of 6 to 7. Vladimir Gevorgyan of the University of Illinois, Chicago hydrosilylated (Nature Chem. 2014, 6, 122) 8 to give an intermediate that, after Ir-catalyzed intramolecular C–H functionalization followed by oxidation, was converted to the diacetate 9. Sukbok Chang of KAIST used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 4141) the methoxime of 10 to direct selective amination of the adjacent methyl group, leading to 11. John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 2555) diastereoselective Cu-catalyzed amination of 12 with 13 to make 14. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University accomplished (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6858) β-alkylation of the aldehyde 15 with acrylonitrile 16 to give 17. Yunyang Wei of the Nanjing University of Science and Technology alkenylated (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 2379) cyclohexane 3 with the styrene 18, leading to 19. Bin Wu of the Kunming Institute of Botany described (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 480) the Pd-mediated cyclization of 20 to 21. Similar results using Cu catalysis were reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 3496, 3706) by Yoichiro Kuninobu and Motomu Kanai of the University of Tokyo and by Haibo Ge of IUPUI. Jin-Quan Yu of Scripps La Jolla constructed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 5267) the lactam 24 by γ-alkenylation of the amide 22 with 23, followed by cyclization. Philippe Dauban of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette prepared (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 66) the useful crystalline chiron 27 by asymmetric amination of the enol triflate 26 with 25. Matthew J. Gaunt of the University of Cambridge showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8851) that the phenylative cyclization of 28 with 29 to 30 proceeded with near-perfect retention of absolute configuration.

Taber, Douglass F. "C-N Ring Construction: The Zakarian Synthesis of (-)-Rhazinilam." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0055.

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William D. Wulff of Michigan State University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13100; Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4908) a general enantio- and diastereocontrolled route from an imine 1 to the aziridine 3. Craig W. Lindsley of Vanderbilt University established (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3276) a complementary approach (not illustrated). Joseph P. Konopelski of the University of California, Santa Cruz, designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11379) a practical and inexpensive flow apparatus for the cyclization of 4 to the β-lactam 5. Manas K. Ghorai of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 6173) that an aziridine 6 could be opened with malonate to give the γ-lactam 8. John P. Wolfe of the University of Michigan devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12157) a Pd catalyst for the enantioselective cyclization of 9 to 11. Sherry R. Chemler of the State University of New York at Buffalo observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6365) that the cyclization of 12 to 14 proceeded with high diastereoselectivity. Glenn M. Sammis of the University of British Columbia devised (Synlett 2010, 3035) conditions for the radical cyclization of 15 to 16. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9688) that the opening of racemic 17 with 18 could be effected with high ee. The residual 17 was highly enriched in the nonreactive enantiomer. Kevin D. Moeller of Washington University found (Org. Lett . 2010, 12, 5174) that the n -BuLi catalyzed cyclization of 20 set the quaternary center of 21 with high relative control. Yujiro Hayashi of the Tokyo University of Science, using the diphenyl prolinol TMS ether that he developed as an organocatalyst, designed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4588) the sequential four-component coupling of 22, 23, benzaldehyde imine, and allyl silane to give 24 with high relative and absolute stereocontrol. Derrick L. J. Clive of the University of Alberta showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5223) that 25, prepared in enantiomerically pure form from serine, participated smoothly in the Claisen rearrangement, to deliver 27.

Chang, Zhaoshan, Qihai Shu, and Lawrence D. Meinert. "Chapter 6 Skarn Deposits of China." In Mineral Deposits of China, 189–234. Society of Economic Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.22.06.

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Abstract Skarn deposits are one of the most common deposit types in China. The 386 skarns summarized in this review contain ~8.9 million tonnes (Mt) Sn (87% of China’s Sn resources), 6.6 Mt W (71%), 42 Mt Cu (32%), 81 Mt Zn-Pb (25%), 5.4 Mt Mo (17%), 1,871 tonnes (t) Au (11%), 42,212 t Ag (10%), and ~8,500 Mt Fe ore (~9%; major source of high-grade Fe ore). Some of the largest Sn, W, Mo, and Zn-Pb skarns are world-class. The abundance of skarns in China is related to a unique tectonic evolution that resulted in extensive hydrous magmas and widespread belts of carbonate country rocks. The landmass of China is composed of multiple blocks, some with Archean basements, and oceanic terranes that have amalgamated and rifted apart several times. Subduction and collisional events generated abundant hydrous fertile magmas. The events include subduction along the Rodinian margins, closures of the Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Asian, Paleo-Tethys, and Neo-Tethys Oceans, and subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Extensive carbonate platforms developed on the passive margins of the cratonic blocks during multiple periods from Neoarchean to Holocene also facilitated skarn formation. There are 231 Ca skarns replacing limestone, 15 Ca skarns replacing igneous rocks, siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, or metamorphic silicate rocks, 113 Ca-Mg skarns replacing dolomitic limestone or interlayered dolomite and limestone, and 28 Mg skarns replacing dolomite in China. The Ca and Ca-Mg skarns host all types of metals, as do Mg skarns, except for major Cu and W mineralization. Boron mineralization only occurs in Mg skarns. The skarns typically include a high-temperature prograde stage, iron oxide-rich higher-temperature retrograde stage, sulfide-rich lower-temperature retrograde stage, and a latest barren carbonate stage. The zoning of garnet/pyroxene ratios depends on the redox state of both the causative magma and the wall rocks. In an oxidized magma-reduced wall-rock skarn system, such as is typical of Cu skarns in China, the garnet/pyroxene ratio decreases, and garnet color becomes lighter away from the intrusion. In a reduced intrusion-reduced wall-rock skarn system, such as a cassiterite- and sulfide-rich Sn skarn, the skarn is dominated by pyroxene with minor to no garnet. Manganese-rich skarn minerals may be abundant in distal skarns. Metal associations and endowment are largely controlled by the magma redox state and degree of fractionation and, in general, can be grouped into four categories. Within each category there is spatial zonation. The first category of deposits is associated with reduced and highly fractionated magma. They comprise (1) greisen with Sn ± W in intrusions, grading outward to (2) Sn ± Cu ± Fe at the contact zone, and farther out to (3) Sn (distal) and Zn-Pb (more distal) in veins, mantos, and chimneys. The second category is associated with oxidized and poorly to moderately fractionated magma. Ores include minor porphyry-style Mo and/or porphyry-style Cu mineralization ± Cu skarns replacing xenoliths or roof pendants inside intrusions, zoned outward to major zones of Cu and/or Fe ± Au ± Mo mineralization at the contact with and in adjacent country rocks, and farther out to local Cu (distal) + Zn-Pb (more distal) in veins, mantos, and chimneys. Oxidized and highly fractionated magma is associated with porphyry Mo or greisen W inside an intrusion, outward to Mo and/or W ± Fe ± Cu skarns at the contact zone, and farther to Mo or W ± Cu in distal veins, mantos, and chimneys. The final category is associated with reduced and poorly to moderately fractionated magma. No major skarns of this type have been recognized in China, but outside China there are many examples of such intrusions related to Au-only skarns at the contact zone. Reduced Zn-Au skarns in China are inferred to be distal parts of such systems. Tungsten and Sn do not occur together as commonly as was previously thought. The distal part of a skarn ore system may transition to carbonate replacement deposits. Distal stratabound mantos and crosscutting veins/chimneys may contain not only Zn-Pb but also major Sn, W, Cu, Mo, and Au mineralization. The Zn-Pb mineralization may be part of either an oxidized system (e.g., Cu, Mo, Fe) or a reduced system (e.g., Sn). In China, distal Zn-Pb is more commonly related to reduced magmas. Gold and W may also be related to both oxidized and reduced magmas, although in China they are more typically related to oxidized magma. There are numerous examples of distal mantos/chimneys that continuously transition to proximal skarns at intrusion-wall-rock contact zones, and this relationship strongly supports the magmatic affiliation of such deposits and suggests that distal skarns/carbonate replacement deposits systems should be explored to find more proximal mineralization. Carbonate xenoliths or roof pendants may host the majority of mineralization in some deposits. In contact zones, skarns are better developed where the intrusion shape is complicated. The above two skarn positions imply that there may be multiple skarn bodies below drill interceptions of intrusive rocks. Many of the largest skarns for all commodities in China are related to small or subsurface intrusions (except for Sn skarns), have multiple mineralization centers, are young (<~160 Ma), and have the full system from causative intrusion(s) to distal skarns or carbonate replacement extensions discovered. Chinese skarn deposits fall in several age groups: ~830, ~480 to 420, ~383 to 371, ~324 to 314, ~263 to 210, ~200 to 83, ~80 to 72, and ~65 to 15 Ma. They are typically associated with convergent plate boundaries, mostly in subduction settings but also in collisional settings. Seven major skarn metallogenic belts are recognized based on skarn geographic location and geodynamic background. In subduction settings, skarns may form in a belt up to 4,000 km long and 1,000 km inland, with skarns continuously forming for up to 120 m.y., e.g., the eastern China belt. In most other belts, skarns form in 5- to 20-m.y. episodes similar to the situation in South America. In collisional settings, skarns may form up to 50 m.y. after an ocean closure, and the distance to the collisional/accretionary boundary may extend to ~150 km inland. The size of collision-related skarns may be as large as the largest skarns related to oceanic crust subduction. Older suture zones may be favorable sites for younger mineralization, for example, the Triassic Paleo-Tethys suture between the North and South China blocks for the younger and largest skarn cluster of the Middle-Lower Yangtze belt in the eastern China belt, and the Triassic sutures in southwestern China for Cretaceous to Tertiary mineralization.

"conversion, 137-140 Extensometers, 188-189 multiplexing, 137,148-149 processing, 150-151 quantization, 139-140 Dead band, 108 Feather, 9-10 flatness, 578-587, 776-779 Filter, 137-138, 149-150 floating, 275-277 cut-off frequency, 149-150 Decibels, 223-224 pass band, 149-150 Discrimination, 108 stop band, 149-150 Distribution, normal, 77-78 Finite element analysis, 415-416, 461-473, Dog bone 479-480, 529-534 rolling, 441-442 Fish tail, 15-16,340-346, 406,430 shape, 12-13, 328-333 Flatness Doppler sensors, 117-119,134-135 error, 93 Drift, 108 performance, 93 Drives, 214-215 Flowmeters, 117 Frequency E break, 241 crossover, 241 Edge Friction, 218 cross-sectional static, 109 profile, 315-316 Fuzzy inference method, 798-799 shape, 13-14,347-349 drop, 9-10, 638-640, 736, 779,782-783 overlap, 413 thinning ratio, 610-612 Gages Edgers, 356-362,429-436 strain, 127 Edging thickness, 175-180 combined, 179-180 by rolling, 315-350 capability, 358 isotope, 177-180 efficiency, 333-334, 337-338, 387-389 optical, 176-177 practice, 360-367 profile, 749-750 rolls, 334-340,349, 358, 360, 401-402, 410 X-ray, 178-180, 747-748 Errors Gauge analysis of, 112 change, flying, 169-171 band, 109 control data transmission, 151-152 adaptive threading, 215-216 compensation, 169,218-219 illegitimate, 151-154 legitimate, 151 deviation, 199-200 position, 225, 239-241 differential, 197-198 propagation of, 112-113 dynamic, 212 random, 112 feedback, 197,199,212 feedforward, 199-200,208, 212, 215-217, signal conditioning, 151 278-281 recovery, 151-152 flow-stress feedforward, 208-209 high/low frequency, 212 sampling, 154-155 sensing, 151 in-gap, 278 mass flow, 211-212 systematic, 112." In High-Quality Steel Rolling, 824–30. CRC Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781466564640-187.

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"TABLE 9 Mineral Composition of Rye, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Oats, and Rice (mg/100 g, dry wt.) Barley Oats Rice Whole Kernel Whole Kernel Whole Kernel Rye Wheat grain only Corn grain only grain only Phosphorus 380 410 470 400 310 340 400 285 290 Potassium 520 580 630 600 330 460 380 340 120 Calcium 70 60 90 80 30 95 66 68 67 Magnesium 130 180 140 130 140 140 120 90 47 Iron 966 - 274 - 6 Copper 0.90.80.90.2450.30.4 Mangenese 7.55.51.80.65462 Zinc 3.44.44.0 - 3.91.5-2.21.2-2.1 Sodium 3.14.6 11.8 8.63.1-6.92.2-5.1 TABLE 10 Mineral Composition of Sorghum, Triticale, barley contains the highest average levels of phosphorus and Wild Ricea and whole grain rice the lowest (285 mg/100 g). From a di-Sorghum Triticale Wild rice etary standpoint, barley, corn, and rice are considered moderate sources of phosphorus (100-200 mg/100 g); Phosphorus 405 0.19% 0.4-0.5% buckwheat, millet, oats, brown rice, rice bran, rye, wheat, Potassium 400 1.21% 0.4-0.6% wheat germ, wheat bran and wild rice are classified as high Calcium 20 0.21% 0.01-0.03% sources (200-1200 mg/100 g) (Tables 13-16). Magnesium 150 0.16% 0.1-0.2% The data in Tables 13-16 indicate that quantities of Iron 6 12-51 ppm Copper 0.53.9 ppm 1.8-14.5 ppm phosphorus vary significantly from one wheat variety to Manganese 1.5 37 ppm another. This variation can also be seen in barley. In con-Zinc 0.0008% 36 ppm 40-121 ppm trast, phosphorus content from one variety of rye or oats to Sodium 0.00008% another does not vary significantly. In the Syvalahti and Korkman [42] study, phosphorus content of the grain was 'mg/100 g (dry wt.) unless otherwise noted. not affected by the fertilizer treatments of spring wheat, Refs. 15, 17, 35, 36. barley, and rye. Significant differences in phosphorus con-tent were seen in winter wheat and oats when different fer-[40], calcium levels in various rye and oat varieties tend to tilizer treatments were used (Tables 17-21). be reasonably consistent (Tables 13-16). The effects of various fertilizer treatments on mineral C. Magnesium content of spring and winter wheat, barley, oats and rye Eighty-seven percent of the magnesium in cereal grains is grown in 10 localities in Finland are shown in Tables located in the aleurone layer [34]. Because magnesium 17-21. These data [42] show that fertilizer treatment did binds with phytic acid, much of the magnesium is probably not result in a variation in calcium content in the grains present as Ca5 Mg phytate or as potassium-magnesium studied (Tables 17-21). phytate [34]. The remainder is likely to be present in phos-B. Phosphorus phates and sulfates [34]. From a dietary standpoint, brown rice is considered to Compared to other minerals, phosphorus is found in large be a poor source of magnesium (50-100 mg/100 g). Mod-quantities in cereal grains. It is mostly associated with erately good sources (100-200 mg/100 g) include barley, phytic acid (myoinositol hexaphosphoric acid) and its millet, oats, rye, wheat, and wild rice. Buckwheat, wheat salts. In wheat, rice, and maize, 80% or more of the total bran, and wheat germ are considered to be high sources of phosphorus is accounted for by the phytate [34]. Over 80% this mineral (200-400 mg/100 g) [1-3,6,8,37,43] (Tables of the phytate is located in the aleurone portion of wheat 13-16). In the mid-1970s the Food and Nutrition Board and the pericarp of rice; in corn, over 80% is found in the proposed that wheat flour be enriched with magnesium at germ [34]. In wheat, phosphorus becomes incorporated the rate of 200 mg/lb flour [9,14]. However, this proposal into phytic acid during maturation [34]. As seen in Table 9, was never implemented." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 501–9. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-49.

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Conference papers on the topic "636.408 9":

Puri, Rahul, David M. Stansel, Duane A. Smith, and Mohan K. Razdan. "Dry Ultra-Low NOx ‘Green Thumb’ Combustor for Allison’s 501-K Series Industrial Engines." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-406.

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This paper describes the progress made in developing an external ultra-low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ‘Green Thumb’ combustor for the Allison Engine Company’s 501-K series engines. A lean premixed approach is being pursued to meet the emissions goals of 9 ppm NOx, 50 ppm carbon monoxide (CO), and 10 ppm unburned hydrocarbon (UHC). Several lean premixed (LPM) module configurations were identified computationally for the best NOx-CO trade-off by varying the location of fuel injection and the swirl angle of the module. These configurations were fabricated and screened under atmospheric conditions by direct visualization through a quartz liner; measurement of the stoichiometry at lean blow out (LBO); measurement of the fuel/air mixing efficiency at the module exit; and emissions measurements at the combustor exit, as well as velocity measurements. The influence of liner residence time on emissions was also examined. An LPM module featuring a radial inflow swirler demonstrated efficient fuel-air mixing and subsequent low NOx and CO production in extensive atmospheric bench and simulated engine testing. Measurements show the fuel concentration distribution at the module exit impacts the trade-off between NOx and CO emissions. The effect of varying the swirl angle of the module also has a similar effect with the gains in NOx emissions reduction being traded for increased CO emissions. A uniform fuel-air mixture (± 2.5% azimuthal variation) at the exit of the module yields low NOx (5–10 ppm) at inlet conditions of 1 MPa (∼10 atmospheres) and temperatures as high as 616 K (650°F). The combustion efficiency at the above conditions was also good (> 99.9%) with CO and UHC emissions below 76 ppm and 39 ppm, respectively. This LPM module was resistant to flashback, and stability was good as LBO was observed below ϕ = 0.50. Tests with multiple modules in a single liner indicate a strong intermodule interaction and show lower NOx and CO emissions. The close proximity of adjacent modules and lower confinement in the liner most likely reduces the size of the recirculation zone associated with each module, thereby reducing the NOx formed therein. The CO emissions are probably lowered due to the reduced cool liner surface area per module resulting when several modules feed into the same liner.

Rohmiasih, Erni, Sri Rezeki, and Syahrul Khairi. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis Heterogen Kalsium Oksida (CaO) dari Cangkang Telur Bebek pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa." In Seminar Nasional Penerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi : kampus merdeka meningkatkan kecerdasan sumberdaya manusia melalui interdispliner ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi : Pontianak, 24 Agustus 2021. Untan Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/pipt.2021.22.

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Eksploitasi bahan bakar fosil yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus menyebabkan jumlahnya semakin menipis. Pemerintah memberikan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut melalui penggunaan bahan bakar alternatif seperti biodiesel. Penggunaan katalis dalam proses produksi biodiesel sangat disarankan. Katalis heterogen berbasis kalsium hasil dekomposisi CaCO3 pada cangkang hewan telah diteliti dapat digunakan sebagai katalis dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dekomposisi CaCO3 menjadi CaO dari cangkang telur bebek yang dilakukan dengan kalsinasi pada temperatur 900°C selama 4 jam. CaO yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan dalam reaksi transesterifikasi dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis 1, 2, 3 dan 4%, rasio mol minyak:metanol 1:9, temperatur reaksi 63°C, dan waktu reaksi 3 jam. Berdasarkan difraktogram, kalsinasi cangkang telur bebek pada 900°C telah mengkonversi CaCO3 menjadi CaO. Puncak-puncak utama CaO muncul pada °2θ 32,24; 37,41; 53,93; 64,24; 67,47 dan 91,60 sesuai dengan data standar CaO ICDD No. 01-070-4068. Adapun yield metil ester yang dihasilkan pada setiap konsentrasi katalis yaitu 82,45%, 85,93%, 93,01% dan 78,48%. Metil ester dengan yield tertinggi (katalis 3%) dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS, berdasarkan analisa GC, terdapat 6 puncak dan berdasarkan spektrum massa teridentifikasi senyawa metil kaprat, metil laurat, metil miristat, metil palmitat, metil oleat dan metil stearat. Metil ester memiliki densitas 860,48 kg/m3 ; viskositas 5,8 mm2 /s; angka setana 59; dan residu karbon 0,34%.

Huser, B., B. Lämmle, T. H. Tran, M. J. Mihatsch, G. Thiel, and F. Duckert. "FACTOR VIII:C (F VIII:C) AND VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ANTIGEN (vWFag) IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IMMUNOSUPPRESSED WITH CYCLOSPORIN A (CyA)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644124.

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In 17 consecutive cadaveric kidney transplant recipients F VIII:C and vWFag were repeatedly determined before transplantation and during 4 months thereafter. Graft biopsy was performed in 12 patients for deterioration of renal function. F VIII:C was determined by a one stage clotting assay using F VIII:C deficient substrate plasma. vWFag was assayed by electroimmunoassay using specific rabbit anti-human vWFag antibodies. Results of F VIII:C and vWFag are expressed referring to NHP as 100%.Results: 2/17 patients lost their graft due to irreversible vascular rejection, 2/17 patients had reversible vascular rejection, 2/17 patients developped glomerulonephritis, 6/17 patients showed acute or chronic CyA nephrotoxicity. In 5/17 patients graft biopsy was not necessary. Despite normalisation of renal function (serum creatinine levels<150umol/L) in 9 out of 17 patients F VIII:C (239 ± 66% to 408 ± 74%, mean ± SD) remained elevated in all 17 patients. vWFag (181 ± 29% to 454 ± 84%) was normalised in only 2 out of 17 patients. CyA dosis and CyA blood levels were not correlated with F VIII:C and vWFag. All 4 patients with histological vascular rejection, both patients with later developping glomerulonephritis and 3 out of 6 patients with later developping CyA nephrotoxicity showed F VIII:C/vWFag quotients > 1 (1,1 to 1,3) Four out of 5 patients with well functioning graft had F VIII:C/ vWFag quotients consistently <1 (0,68 to 0,92).Conclusion: 1. The elevated F VIII:C and vWFag levels in chronic renal failure are not normalised during 4 months of observation despite normalisation of renal function by transplantation and immunosuppression with CyA.2. A quotient F VIII :C/vWFag < 1 may indicate a good prognosis for kidney allograft function in the absence of CyA nephrotoxicity whereas later developping graft rejection or glomerulonephritis were associated with F VIII:C/vWFag>1.

Ansari, Mohammad R., and Abdolreza Davari. "Numerical Analysis of Pipeline Equipment Effect on Water Hammer Using Characteristic Method." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45251.

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In this attempt effect of pipeline equipment behavior was considered on water hammer numerically. The effect includes opening / closing of the shut off valves, loss of coefficient of the outlet bypass pipe for the air chamber, elasticity of the pipeline and loss coefficient due to friction. In order to study the behavior, mass and momentum conservation equations were solved numerically using characteristic method during transient conditions. As a water hammer phenomena accompanies with large pressure gradient, so the pipeline equipment behavior and their effect were analyzed with respect to the maximum pressure occurrence. For a pipeline of 5000 m length, 1 m diameter, 1 m3/s discharge and 100 m height between upstream and downstream, the following result were concluded: 1-If the moment of inertia of the pump impeller increases by 400 percent, the maximum pressure occurred by the water hammer will decrease by 9 percent. 2-During on and off of the shut off valve, 80 percent of pressure increase due to water hammer was created during the last 15 percent of valve closure. 3-If pressure wave velocity increases by 75 percent, then the maximum pressure generated due to the water hammer will increase by 27 percent. 4-If the loss coefficient of the by pass line of the air chamber decreases by 90 percent, then the maximum pressure due to the water hammer will decrease by 20 percent. 5-If the pipeline Moody friction coefficient increases by 92 percent, the maximum pressure due to the water hammer will increase by 66 percent.

Poll, C. T., P. A. Kyrle, and J. Westwick. "ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITS THROMBIN AND FLUORIDE STIMULATED EICOSANOID PRODUCTION IN HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644633.

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Touqui et al (1986) have suggested that phosphorylation by protein kinase C of a 1ipomodulin-1 ike polypeptide extracted from platelets renders it inactive as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. We have examined this suggestion by measuring thromboxane (Tx) B2 generation and cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) in stimulated, washed human platelets loaded with or without quin-2. Addition of thrombin (0.077, 0.23, 0.77, 2.3 and 7.7 nM) to control platelets produces a dose-related elevation of [Ca++]i (10±5, 50±7, 260±30, 550±25 and 1500±100 nM respectively) and generation of TxB2 (0, 9±4, 45±6, 194±10 and 375±30 pmoles/108 platelets respectively). Preincubation of platelets for 1 min with 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-rac-glycerol (OAG, 22-198 μM), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 1.616 nM) or EGTA (2 mM) produces a marked inhibition of high and low dose thrombin (7.7 nM and 0.77 nM) or NaF (18 mM) induced elevation of [Ca++]i and TxB2 generation. Pretreatment of platelets with the protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7 (60 uM), prevented the inhibition of TxB2 formation induced by PMA (4.816 nM) or OAG (66-198 μM) in either thrombin (0.77 nM) or NaF (18 mM) stimulated platelets. When arachidonic acid (AA, 10 μM) is used as the stimulus, the Δ[Ca++]i is 190±15 nM and TxB2 generation is 35.9±2 pmoles/108 platelets. While pretreatment with 4.8 nM PMA obliterates the AA-induced Δ[Ca++]i and partially reduces (p< 0.05) the TxB2 generation to 27.8+3 pmoles/108 platelets. PMA and OAG pretreatment also inhibits TxB2 generation in thrombin-stimulated, non-quin-2-1oaded platelets. Thus, at least with intact, agonist- and NaF-stimulated platelets, activation of protein kinase C inhibits eicosanoid production.We thank the British Heart Foundation and Ciba-Geigy USA for financial support.

Лобашова, В. Л., Е. Ф. Бандолик, С. С. Теляткова, А. В. Поташ, Е. В. Куль, and Н. А. Васильева. "СЛУЧАЙ ВТОРИЧНОГО ОСТЕОПОРОЗА: ПЕРВИЧНЫЙ ГИПЕРПАРАТИРЕОЗ С ДИСТОПИЕЙ ПАРАЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ИЛИ ИДИОПАТИЧЕСКАЯ ГИПЕРКАЛЬЦИУРИЯ." In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-206.

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Abstract:

ЦЕЛЬ: представить клинический случай пациента с остеопорозом на фоне первичного гиперпаратиреоза вследствие дистопии паращитовидной железы (ПЩЖ) с сохраняющейся гиперкальциурией после хирургического лечения. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: пациентка 63 лет обратилась с жалобами на боли в костях. В анамнезе хронический гастрит, артериальная гипертензия. Менопауза с 51 года. МКБ и переломы в анамнезе отрицала. При проведении денситометрии выявлен остеопороз (Ткр –4,4 L2), при нормальном уровне кальция, фосфора, креатинина, пациентке были назначены бисфосфонаты, кальций 1000 мг и вит Д 2000 Ед/сутки, которые принимала 2 года. Через 2 года обратилась для контроля. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: наблюдалась положительная динамика денситометрии (Ткр – 3,1 L2), однако выявлен повышенный уровень кальция общего 2,58 (2,25-2,55) ммоль/л и паратгормона 165 (10-65) пг/мл, кальциурия 11,5 (2,5-7,5) ммоль/сутки при сниженном уровне витамина Д 26. Фосфор, щелочная фосфатаза, креатинин и скорость клубочковой фильтрации находились в пределах референсных значений. Сцинтиграфия ПЩЖ не выявила признаков трансформации ПЩЖ. Гиперпаратиреоз был расценен как вторичный на фоне недостаточности витамина Д. Дальнейшее наблюдение пациентки состоялось через год. Выявлена отрицательная динамика денситометрии (Ткр – 3,8 L2), уровень кальция ионизированного и паратгормона нарастали (1,64 ммоль/л и 867 пг/мл соответственно). Проведена повторная сцинтиграфия ПЩЖ – на уровне тела 1 грудного позвонка превертебрально, срединноретротрахеально и антевертебрально выявлена аденоматозная трансформация дистопированной ПЩЖ 8*9 мм. Проведено удаление верхней левой ПЩЖ с опухолью, гистологически в присланном материале обнаружена ткань щит железы с зобом. Спустя 3 месяца сохранялся повышенный уровень кальция 2,69 ммоль/л, кальция ионизированного 1,4 ммоль/л, паратгормона 150 пг/мл, витамин Д 34. Повторная сцинтиграфия указала на сохраняющуюся метаболически активную структуру на границе 1 и 2 грудных позвонков, после чего была проведена повторная операция - удаление дистопированной ПЩЖ. Отмечалась нормализация показателей: паратгормон 49,3 пг/мл, кальций ионизированный 1,14 ммоль/л, витамин Д 40, положительная динамика денситометрии через год – прирост + 4,8% (Ткр -2,8 L2). Однако сохраняется гиперкальциурия - кальций суточной мочи 10 ммоль/сутки при нормальных значениях уровня кальция 2,48 ммоль/л, паратгормона 57 пг/мл и витамина Д 39, что требует проведения дифференциально-диагностических проб и уточнения причины гиперкальциурии. ВЫВОДЫ: важным этапом диагностики и лечения остеопороза является исключение вторичных форм, являющихся следствием различных патологических состояний и заболеваний. Успешность этого процесса во многом определяется информированностью врачей различных специальностей (в первую очередь эндокринологов) и возможностью длительного наблюдения за пациентом.

Reports on the topic "636.408 9":

Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2021 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294260.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2021. During monitoring conducted June 9–15, a total of 15 priority IEP species in 395 patches were detected on 53.6 kilometers (33.3 mi) of monitoring routes. An additional four species were detected in transects. Yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius), ripgut brome (Anisantha diandra), jointed goatgrass (Cylindropyrum cylindricum), and tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 74% of all priority patches. Except for ripgut brome and broad-leaf pepperwort (Cardaria latifolia), most patches of priority IEPs were than 40 m2. Ninety-five percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP in transects, found in >63% of transects along every route surveyed. When segments of monitoring routes consistently surveyed from 2005 to 2021 were analyzed, Red Canyon, Wedding Canyon, and Fruita Canyon all had the highest number of IEPs per 100 meters during the entire monitoring period. Increases were driven by increases in jointed goatgrass on all three routes and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) in Wedding Canyon and tamarisk in Red Canyon. Jointed goatgrass appears to be rapidly expanding, increasing from 8 patches in 2019 to 42 patches in 2021 (though the routes surveyed were not all the same). In addition, three species not seen in recent years—Canada thistle (Breea arvensis), bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), and broad-leaf pepperwort—were detected, but in fewer than 10 patches each. These species should be prioritized for control. The No Thoroughfare, Ute Canyon, and Monument Canyon routes all have stayed relatively stable over time, but at least one patch of jointed goatgrass was found on each. Network staff plans to return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2023.

Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.

Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.

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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.

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