Journal articles: '+628.3](043.3)'

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Yang, Yong Biao, Zhi Min Zhang, and Xing Zhang. "Influences of Solution Treatment, Deformation Strain, and Nanometric Al₂O₃ Particulate on Dry Wear Properties for Nanometric Al₂O₃ Particulate Reinforced Al Alloy Matrix Composites Manufactured by Casting." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.3.

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The influences of solution treatment, deformation strain, and nanometric Al2O3 particulate on dry wear properties for nanometric Al2O3 particulate reinforced Al alloy matrix Composites manufactured by casting were investigated. The result showed that both the wear resistance of AL matrix and the composites increased rapidly with increasing solution temperatures. The wear resistance increased slightly with increasing deformation strain for the composites. The wear resistance of the composites is higher than the AL matrix after the same deformation and heat treatment. Microstructure observation revealed that the grain sizes of the composites increased with increasing solution temperature and decreased with more severe deformation. Abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism both for the AL matrix and the composites.

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Ieva, Matteo. "URFA: The Planned City and the Process of Medievalization." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.3.

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One of the main objectives of this study is to search for the verification of a hypothesis. It is an attempt to understand if it is possible to apply the method developed by the Italian School of Typology to read the planned city of Western Europe to other parts of the world and to investigate if this way of planning can also be extended to other zones that have different geographical and cultural properties. Urfa, in fact, is believed to provide a fertile ground with its multi-cultural structure for such a research. It is a city situated in the southeast Turkey, which displays both the characteristics of Turkish and Syrian cultures. The analysis was conducted in various scales; that is, the territorial organism, the urban organism, the aggregative organism and the building organism. The graphic instruments were preferred to be the historic maps above all, the plan that regulates the city and the cadastral maps showing the actual situation that also indicate the recent developments and the distruction of the urban tissue. These reading instruments have been too limited and heterogeneous with respect to what we usually use. Therefore the releif of the most ancient part of the city has been made by the students.1

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Yao, Qing Xin, Jun Xia Liu, Li Ping Tang, and Jian Jun Xie. "Inorganic Clay/Sodium Lignosulfonate Graft Acrylamide and Maleic Anhydride Adsorbent Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.3.

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Adsorbent composites comprising of inorganic clay/sodium lignosulfonate graft-polymerized with acrylamide and maleic anhydride were synthesized by free radical solution copolymerization. The synthesized copolymers presented high adsorption capacity when the monomer ratio of acrylamide to maleic anhydride was 3:2 and montmrillonite was introduced as inorganic clay. The equilibrium adsorption of Pb2+on these copolymers was well represented by Langmuir model which indicated that the Pb2+adsorption was a monolayer chemical adsorption. The calculated adsorption capacity of the copolymers could reach a maximum of 176.70 mg/g for Pb2+and 24.95 mg/g for Cu2+. In addition, these copolymers could selectively remove Pb2+from Pb2+/Cu2+binary solution and the maximum selective coefficient of Pb2+to Cu2+was 11.939.

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Alshammary, Shadi, Sharifah A. Othman, Eiman Alshammari, Mosab A. Alarfaj, Haitham Amer Lardhi, Nasser Mohamed Amer, Ayman S. Elsaid, and Hanan M. Alghamdi. "Economic impact of diabetic foot ulcers on healthcare in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study." Annals of Saudi Medicine 40, no. 5 (September 2020): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2020.425.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a critical complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting life quality and significantly impacting healthcare resources. OBJECTIVE: Determine the direct medical costs associated with treating DFU in King Fahad Hospital of the University and identify factors that could assist in developing resource management guidelines in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: SETTING: King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included diabetic patients admitted with foot ulcerations between 2007 and 2017 inclusive. We determined management costs including drug usage, wound dressings, surgical procedures, admissions, and basic investigation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors affecting the direct perspective medical costs of managing DFU. SAMPLE SIZE: 99 patients. RESULTS: The overall cost of managing 99 patients with DFU was 6 618 043.3 SAR ($1 764 632.68 USD), which further translates to approximately 6684.9 SAR per patient/year ($1782.6 USD). The highest cost incurred was for admission expenditure (45.6%), followed by debridement (14.5%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10.4%). CONCLUSION: The overall healthcare expenditure in treating DFU is high, with hospital admissions and surgical procedures adding a significant increase to the total cost. Focused patient education on overall glycemic control and prevention of DFU may decrease complications and hence, the overall cost. LIMITATIONS: Identified only the direct medical costs of DFU as the indirect costs were subjective and more difficult to quantify. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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Tungmunnithum, Duangjai, Samantha Drouet, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, and Christophe Hano. "Characterization of Bioactive Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Edible Bean Extracts of 50 Fabaceae Populations Grown in Thailand." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123118.

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Fabaceae is the third largest family containing great variation among populations. However, previous studies mainly focus on single species, and phytochemicals at population level have never been reported. This work aims to complete this knowledge with 50 populations from throughout Thailand by (1) determining total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and anthocyanin (TAC) contents; and (2) investigating in vitro and cellular antioxidant potentials. Phytochemicals of 50 populations from different localities are differed, illustrating high heterogeneity occurring in polyphenols accumulations. Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis populations showed low variability in TPC ranging from 628.3 to 717.3 mg/100 g DW gallic acid equivalent, whereas the high variability found in TFC and TAC range from 786.9 to 1536.1 mg/100 g DW quercetin equivalent, and 13.4 to 41.6 mg/100 g DW cyanidin equivalent. Red cultivar population #16 had the greatest TAC, but surprisingly the cream cultivars were relatively high in anthocyanins. HPLC quantification of genistein and daidzein showed great variations among populations. In vitro antioxidant results indicated that antioxidant capacity mediated by electron transfer. Cellular antioxidants ranged from 59.7% to 87.9% of ROS/RNS in yeast model. This study investigated at the population level contributing to better and frontier knowledge for nutraceutical/phytopharmaceutical sectors to seek potential raw plant material.

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Golkar, Pooran, and Fariborz Moattar. "Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities in Iberis amara L." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 5 (May 2019): 1934578X1984635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19846355.

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This research was carried out to assess essential oils (EOs), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFD), total flavonols (TFL), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, and different antioxidant activity assays in two plant samples (leaf and bud) of Iberis amara L. The gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) of the EOs and the head space (HS)-GC-MS of the methanolic leaf extracts identified 34 and 6 different compounds, respectively. The major components of the leaf EOs were carvacrol (9.4%), camphene (6.2%), р-cymene (4.3%), and eugenol (3.8%) respectively, whereas cumin aldehyde (10.4%) was the main component in the bud sample. 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanate (50%) was identified as the main component in the HS-GC-MS analysis of leaves extract. The highest content of TPC (32.8 ± 0.7 mg GAE/gDW), TFD (28.4 ± 0.7 mg QE/gDW), TFL (11.8 ± 0.06 mg QE/gFW), and anthocyanin (0.4 ±0.02 µmol/g FW) was found in the methanolic extract of leaves. The highest antioxidant activity in the phosphomolibdate assay (628.3 ± 10 µg AAE/gFW) and the least activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 415 ± 3.1 µg/mL) was found in leaf samples. The high ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes of the EOs along with the high antioxidant activity propose the application of this medicinal plant for general or specific applications in food industries as a herbal plant.

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Hawthorne, Frank C., Michael A. Wise, Petr Černý, Yassir A. Abdu, Neil A. Ball, Adam Pieczka, and Adam Włodek. "Beusite-(Ca), ideally CaMn22+(PO4)2, a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada: Description and crystal structure." Mineralogical Magazine 82, no. 6 (May 29, 2018): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.120.

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ABSTRACTBeusite-(Ca), ideally Ca${\rm Mn}_{\rm 2}^{2 +} $(PO4)2, is a new graftonite-group mineral from the Yellowknife pegmatite field, Northwest Territories, Canada. It occurs in a beryl–columbite–phosphate rare-element pegmatite where it is commonly intergrown with triphylite–lithiophilite or sarcopside, and may form by exsolution from a high-temperature (Li,Ca)-rich graftonite-like parent phase. It occurs as pale-brown lamellae 0.1–1.5 mm wide in triphylite, and is pale brown with a vitreous lustre and a very pale-brown streak. It is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 5, and the calculated density is 3.610 g/cm3. Beusite-(Ca) is colourless in plane-polarized light, and is biaxial (+) with α = 1.685(2), β = 1.688(2), γ = 1.700(5), and the optic axial angle is 46.0(5)°. It is non-pleochroic with X || b; Y ˄ a = 40.3° in β obtuse; Z ˄ a = 49.7° in β acute. Beusite-(Ca) is monoclinic, has space group P21/c, a = 8.799(2), b = 11.724(2), c = 6.170(1) Å, β = 99.23(3)°, V = 628.3(1) Å3 and Z = 4. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave P2O5 41.63, FeO 19.43, MnO 23.63, CaO 15.45, sum 100.14 wt.%. The empirical formula was normalized on the basis of 8 anions pfu: (Ca0.94Fe0.92Mn1.13)Σ2.99(PO4)2.00. The crystal structure was refined to an R1 index of 1.55%. Beusite-(Ca) is a member of the graftonite group with Ca completely ordered at the [8]-coordinated M(1) site.

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Tian, Shuwei, Hui Li, Meiyu Liu, Yanlong Zhang, and Aqin Peng. "Dynamic Analysis of Perioperative Hidden Blood Loss in Intertrochanteric Fractures." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 25 (January 1, 2019): 107602961882327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618823279.

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To analyze the dynamic variation in perioperative hidden blood loss in patients with intertrochanteric fracture. From January to December 2017, 79 patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation. Serial complete blood count assays were performed consecutively in the 3 days after admission, on the day of surgery, and 7 days postoperatively. Blood loss during surgery, postoperative drainage, and perioperative blood transfusion volumes were recorded. Dynamic changes in hemoglobin (Hb) prior to surgery were recorded and compared between males and females. Patients were divided into the no blood transfusion group, the 400-mL blood transfusion group, and the 800-mL blood transfusion group depending on the volume of perioperative blood transfusion. Total and hidden blood loss were separately calculated according to the Gross equation. Lowest mean Hb values occurred on day 2 after admission among men (104.8 g/L) and on day 3 after admission among women (98.6 g/L). The average Hb decrease was 11.4 g/L, 11.8 g/L, and 8.9 g/L in the no, 400-mL, and 800-mL blood transfusion groups, respectively. The lowest Hb value occurred on postoperative day 2. Hemoglobin increased on postoperative day 3 and stabilized by day 6. In the no blood transfusion group, the average total blood loss was 406.0 ± 255.6 mL, 628.3 ± 267.2 mL, and 759.7 ± 322.1 mL in the no blood transfusion, 400-mL blood transfusion, and 800-mL blood transfusion groups, respectively, and hidden blood loss was 326.0 ± 246.6 mL, 512.1 ± 247.3 mL, and 596.1 ± 306.9 mL, respectively. Perioperative hidden blood loss occurred prior to surgery for intertrochanteric fracture and ended on postoperative day 2.

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Mudassar Imran Bukhari, Syed, Kiu Kwong Yew, Rajasunthari Thambiraja, Sarina Sulong, Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool, and Liza-Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin. "Microvascular endothelial function and primary open angle glaucoma." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 11 (January 2019): 251584141986810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515841419868100.

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Purpose: To determine the role of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 114 Malay patients with POAG seen at the eye clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years who were diagnosed with other types of glaucoma, previous glaucoma filtering surgery or other surgeries except uncomplicated cataract surgery and pterygium surgery were excluded. A total of 101 patients who were followed up for dry eyes, age-related cataracts or post cataracts extraction surgery were recruited as control subjects. Those with family history of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect were excluded. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis. Iontophoresis with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure microvascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatations, respectively. Results: In general, POAG patients demonstrated lower ACh% and AChmax values compared with controls. There was significant difference in microvascular endothelial function [ACh%: mean, 95% confidence interval = 503.1 (378.0, 628.3), and AChmax: mean, 95% confidence interval = 36.8 (30.2, 43.5)] between primary open angle glaucoma cases ( p < 0.001) and controls [ACh%: mean, 95% confidence interval = 1378.4 (1245.4, 1511.3), and AChmax: mean, 95% confidence interval = 79.2 (72.1, 86.2)]; this difference remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders. Similar difference was also found in SNP% and SNPmax between POAG and controls ( p < 0.001). Age and diastolic blood pressure were inversely correlated with microvascular endothelial function. Conclusion: There was an impairment of microvascular endothelial function and endothelial-independent vasodilatation in POAG patients. Microvascular endothelial function is a potential risk factor for POAG.

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Kiely, Catherine, Eamonn O'Connor, Donal O'Shea, Simon Green, and Mikel Egaña. "Hemodynamic responses during graded and constant-load plantar flexion exercise in middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 7 (October 1, 2014): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00555.2014.

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We tested the hypotheses that type 2 diabetes (T2D) impairs the 1) leg hemodynamic responses to an incremental intermittent plantar-flexion exercise and 2) dynamic responses of leg vascular conductance (LVC) during low-intensity (30% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) and high-intensity (70% MVC) constant-load plantar-flexion exercise in the supine posture. Forty-four middle-aged individuals with T2D (14 women), and 35 healthy nondiabetic (ND) individuals (18 women) were tested. Leg blood flow (LBF) was measured between each contraction using venous occlusion plethysmography. During the incremental test peak force (Fpeak) relative to MVC was significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) in men and women with T2D compared with their respective nondiabetic counterparts. Peak LBF and the slope of LBF relative to percentage Fpeak were also reduced ( P < 0.05) in women with T2D compared with healthy women (peak blood flow, 460.6 ± 126.8 vs. 628.3 ± 347.7 ml/min; slope, 3.78 ± 1.74 vs. 5.85 ± 3.14 ml·min−1·%Fpeak−1) and in men with T2D compared with nondiabetic men (peak blood flow, 621.7 ± 241.3 vs. 721.2 ± 359.7 ml/min; slope, 5.75 ± 2.66 vs. 6.33 ± 3.63 ml·min−1·%Fpeak−1). During constant-load contractions at 30% MVC T2D did not affect the dynamic responses of LVC (LBF/MAP). However, at 70% MVC [completed by a subgroup of participants (20 with T2D, 6 women; 13 ND, 6 women)] the time constant of the second growth phase of LVC was longer and the amplitude of the first growth phase was lower ( P < 0.05 for both) in men and women with T2D. The results suggest that the T2D-induced impairments in performance of the leg muscles are related to reductions in blood flow in both men and women.

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Michalak, Piotr. "Impact of Air Density Variation on a Simulated Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger’s Performance." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093215.

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Due to their simple design and reliable operation, earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE) are used in modern buildings to reduce ventilation heat losses. EAHE operation in atmospheric conditions results in variation in ambient air temperature and pressure affecting air density. The paper presents the study on the impact of ambient air density variation on the calculated hourly air temperature at the EAHE outlet and the resulting energy use for space heating and cooling of an exemplary residential building. The ground temperature was computed from the model given in EN 16798-5-1. Then, air density was obtained using five various methods. Energy use for space heating and cooling of the building was computed using the 5R1C thermal network model of EN ISO 13790. Depending on the chosen method and concerning the base case without EAHE, a reduction in annual heating and cooling needs was obtained from 7.5% to 8.8% in heating and from 15.3% to 19% in cooling. Annual heating and cooling gain from EAHE were 600.9 kWh and 628.3 kWh for heating and 616.9 kWh and 603.5 kWh forcooling for the Typical Meteorological Years (TMY) and International Weather for Energy Calculation (IWEC) files, respectively. Unit heating and cooling gains per heat exchanger area were from 34.9 kWh/m2 to 36.8 kWh/m2 and from −35.1 kWh/m2 to −36.3 kWh/m2. Density variation with temperature from the relevant typical Polish meteorological year at constant pressure, in comparison to the method of EN 16798-5-1, resulted in an hourly difference of that unit gain up to 4.3 W/m2 and 2.0 W/m2 for heating and cooling, respectively. The same was true inthe case of IWEC files that resulted in differences of 5.5 W/m2 and 1.1 W/m2.

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John, Denny, M. S. Narassima, Jaideep Menon, Jammy Guru Rajesh, and Amitava Banerjee. "Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and productivity losses in Kerala, India: a model-based analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e049619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049619.

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ObjectivesFrom the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research globally have centred on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL) and cost of productivity lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism secondary to COVID-19 in the state of Kerala, India.SettingDetails on sociodemographics, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and the Collective for Open Data Distribution-Keralam. The working proportion for 5-year age–gender cohorts and the corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the 2011 Census of India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe impact of the disease was computed through model-based analysis on various age–gender cohorts. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one until 15 November 2020 and later updated to 10 June 2021.ResultsSeverity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with men being more susceptible than women in most subgroups. DALYs for males and females were 15 954.5 and 8638.4 until 15 November 2020, and 83 853.0 and 56 628.3 until 10 June 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 until 15 November 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 until 10 June 2021, and the CPL (premature mortality) were 263 780 579.94 and 41 836 001.82 until 15 November 2020, and 1 419 557 903.76 and 278 275 495.29 until 10 June 2021.ConclusionsMost of the COVID-19 burden was contributed by years of life lost. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among the productive cohorts. The CPL values for individuals aged 40–49 years old were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on reducing the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.

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Pirogov, A. B., A. G. Prikhodko, Т. A. Мalʹtseva, and V. P. Kolosov. "Thyroid and pituitary-adrenal activity in patients with asthma and endemic subclinical hypothyroidism in response of respiratory tract to a cold stimulus." Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, no. 81 (September 29, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-81-62-69.

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Introduction. In patients with uncontrolled asthma, the stress-induced production of glucocorticosteroids in response to a cold bronchoprovocation test is increased, which is associated with an increase in the level of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), characteristic of the syndrome of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). The peculiarities of thyroid hormone metabolism and changes in pituitary-adrenal homeostasis that develop in asthma in a goiter-endemic region under the influence of cold stress factors on the respiratory system are poorly studied.Aim. To assess the activity of the pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal systems in response to bronchoprovocation with cold air in asthma patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR) and SH living in conditions of goiter endemic in the Amur Region.Materials and methods. In 34 asthma patients with CAHR, without symptoms of thyroid diseases, the level of disease control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. Lung function and airway reaction to a cold stimulus (ΔFEV1IHCA) during 3-minute isocapnic hyperventilation with cold (-20ºC) air (IHCA) were measured. Methods of immunological diagnostics in the blood of patients before and after the IHCA test were used to measure the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormones, common and active forms of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (TG), autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase (AB-TPO), cortisol. The content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was determined in leukocytes.Results. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 25 patients with an initially low (<4.0) TSH level (2.39±0.18 mU/L), group 2 included 9 patients with an initially high (>4, 0) TSH level (4.80±0.46 mU/L, p<0.0001). The ACT control level in groups 1 and 2 was 16.6±1.0 and 15.3±1.5 points (p>0.05), base FEV1 was 95.8±3.3 and 81.0±5.4% (p=0.026), ΔFEV1IHCA -11.9±0.96 and -13.5±2.7 (p>0.05), respectively. In group 1, in response to IHCA, the level of free T4 increased from 14.2±0.70 to 15.2±0.71 pmol/L (p<0.05), free T3 from 3.73±0.24 to 4.15±0.21 nmol/L (p<0.05). In group 2, a lower level of free T4 was recorded, both before (12.2±1.52 pmol/L) and after IHCA (11.6±1.60 pmol/L, p=0.041). In addition, in group 2 patients, the cortisol concentration at baseline and after IHCA (516.6±31.6 and 397.4±40.4 nmol/L, p<0.05) was significantly lower than in group 1 (628.3±27.5 and 608.3±34.1 nmol/L, p=0.042; p=0.002, respectively). A close correlation was found between ΔFEV1 and the T4 level before (r=0.54; p<0.01) and after the test (r=0.41; p<0.05), with the amount of cAMP up to (r=0.58; p=0.008) and after the test (r=0.47; p=0.009), as well as the correlation between ΔМEF50 and the initial level of cortisol in the blood serum (r=0.50; p=0.002).Conclusion. In asthma patients with CAHR living in the region of cold climate and goiter endemic, the presence of SH can be considered as a prognostic sign of the development of dysadaptation of the respiratory system to cold exposure.

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Choi, Han Saem, Yuri Kim, jina Yun, Nam soo Chang, Yong‐Jae Kim, Taejin Song, Eunjung Kim, and Ji‐myung Kim. "Higher antioxidant and B vitamins intake is associated with ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis (628.3)." FASEB Journal 28, S1 (April 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.628.3.

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Mohammad, Mahmoud Ali, and Morey W. Haymond. "Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Gene Expression and Product Secretion of Milk Lipids during Secretory Activation." FASEB Journal 27, S1 (April 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.628.3.

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Graaf, Albert, Niek CA Pas, Ans EM Soffers, Ruud A. Woutersen, Ben Ommen, and Ivonne MC Rietjens. "A SYSTEMATICALLY CONSTRUCTED CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM." FASEB Journal 24, S1 (April 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.628.3.

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Du, Jianhai, Na Wei, Hao Xu, Jeannette Vasquez‐Vivar, Kirkwood A. Pritchard, and Yang Shi. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites on GTP cyclohydrolase I." FASEB Journal 23, S1 (April 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.628.3.

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Sylvie, Amanda, and Nancy L. Cohen. "Identification of environmental supports for healthy eating in older adults." FASEB Journal 26, S1 (April 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.628.3.

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Piper, Robert Charles, Jihui Ren, Natasha Pashkova, and Stanley Winistorfer. "Regulation of ubiquitinated protein sorting at multivesicular endosomes." FASEB Journal 22, S1 (March 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.628.3.

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Filaretova, Ludmila, Marina Myazina, and Tatiana Bagaeva. "Transforming Non‐Ulcerogenic Stress Stimuli into Gastric Ulcerogenic Ones under the Circumstances of Inhibition of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis." FASEB Journal 29, S1 (April 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.628.3.

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Cross, Laura Weise, Maria A. Vigil, Nikki L. Jernigan, and Thomas C. Resta. "NADPH Oxidase 2 and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Following Chronic Hypoxia." FASEB Journal 32, S1 (April 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.628.3.

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Srinivas, Pooja, Tyler D. P. Goralski, Kenneth C. Keiler, and Christine M. Dunham. "Alternative mechanisms of ribosome stalling rescue in the gram‐negative bacterium Francisella tularensis." FASEB Journal 33, S1 (April 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.628.3.

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Le Bouc, Y., A. Bellocq, C. Philippe, L. Perin, M. Garabedian, B. Fouqueray, C. Zacharias, J. Cadranel, and L. Baud. "Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in pleural fluid." European Journal of Endocrinology, November 1, 1997, 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1370467.

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We investigated the expression and potential regulatory role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their specific binding proteins (BPs) in tuberculous and nontuberculous pleuritis. By using a radioimmunoassay after acid gel filtration chromatography, we found that mean concentrations of IGF-I were 211.9 +/- 20.2 microg/l and 203.2 +/- 31.1 microg/l in pleural fluid of 14 patients with tuberculous pleuritis and 9 patients with malignant pleuritis respectively. These values were near those in serum of the same patients (221.3 +/- 19.5 microg/l and 204.6 +/- 21.0 microg/l respectively). By using a specific protein-binding assay, we found that mean concentrations of IGF-II were 345.3 +/- 61.0 microg/l and 167.6 +/- 22.7 microg/l in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in serum of the same patients (628.3 +/- 79.0 microg/l, P<0.025 and 532.0 +/- 85.9 microg/l, P<0.025 respectively). Because bioavailability and bioactivity of IGFs may be regulated by their binding to IGFBPs, we studied IGFBP patterns in the pleural fluid of 6 patients with tuberculous pleuritis. As assessed by Western ligand blotting the levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were increased whereas those of IGFBP-3 were decreased in pleural fluid in comparison with serum. The decrease in IGFPB-3 levels reflected increased proteolysis, as assessed by Western immunoblotting. In spite of this presence of IGFBPs, IGFs could be responsible for the local biosynthesis of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) since pleural fluid levels of both IGF-I and IGF-II significantly correlated with those of 1,25-(OH)2D. These results indicate that IGFs are detectable in pleural fluid and may contribute to control the activity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha hydroxylase in tuberculous pleuritis.

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Liu, Jinli, Ruhai Bai, Zhonglin Chai, Mark E. Cooper, Paul Z. Zimmet, and Lei Zhang. "Low- and middle-income countries demonstrate rapid growth of type 2 diabetes: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019 data." Diabetologia, May 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05713-6.

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Abstract Aims/hypothesis The study aims to quantify the global trend of the disease burden of type 2 diabetes caused by various risks factors by country income tiers. Methods Data on type 2 diabetes, including mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) during 1990–2019, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We analysed mortality and DALY rates and the population attributable fraction (PAF) in various risk factors of type 2 diabetes by country income tiers. Results Globally, the age-standardised death rate (ASDR) attributable to type 2 diabetes increased from 16.7 (15.7, 17.5)/100,000 person-years in 1990 to 18.5 (17.2, 19.7)/100,000 person-years in 2019. Similarly, age-standardised DALY rates increased from 628.3 (537.2, 730.9)/100,000 person-years to 801.5 (670.6, 954.4)/100,000 person-years during 1990–2019. Lower-middle-income countries reported the largest increase in the average annual growth of ASDR (1.3%) and an age-standardised DALY rate (1.6%) of type 2 diabetes. The key PAF attributing to type 2 diabetes deaths/DALYs was high BMI in countries of all income tiers. With the exception of BMI, while in low- and lower-middle-income countries, risk factors attributable to type 2 diabetes-related deaths and DALYs are mostly environment-related, the risk factors in high-income countries are mostly lifestyle-related. Conclusions/interpretation Type 2 diabetes disease burden increased globally, but low- and middle-income countries showed the highest growth rate. A high BMI level remained the key contributing factor in all income tiers, but environmental and lifestyle-related factors contributed differently across income tiers. Data availability To download the data used in these analyses, please visit the Global Health Data Exchange at http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019. Graphical abstract

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