Dissertations / Theses on the topic '[628.16'
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Matthews, Robert. "Use of phase change material for microbiological incubators : designing for low resource settings." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616870.
Full textSuja, Fatihah. "Effect of full- and partial-bed configuration on the performance characteristics of the biological aerated filter." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402409.
Full textMacAdam, Jitka. "Calcium carbonate scale formation and control." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10544.
Full textMartinod, Aurelie Charlotte. "An integrated study of CaCO3 formation and inhibition." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4411/.
Full textChang, Tao. "Robust model predictive control of water quality in drinking water distribution systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398894.
Full textBenabderraziq, Hind. "Modalités et processus de la contamination des eaux souterraines : application à la présence du sélénium dans la nappe de la craie (Nord de la France)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10018/document.
Full textIn north France, the concentration of selenium in the groundwater of the Turonian-Senonian chalk layers located in the south of Lille (Emmerin, Houplin -Ancoisne , the Ansereuilles and Salome) exceeds drinking-water limit of 10 µg/L and reaches 60 μg/L in some located small areas. The various lithological levels, except the Senonian chalk, contain natural selenium. The maximum measured values stand out in the Ypresian clay layer (4.87 mg/kg), alluvial clays (4.8 mg/kg) and sediments of rivers with important influence of anthropogenic origin (between 2.1 to 15.8 mg/kg). Selenium has a high affinity to the organic material. The soluble/exchangeable fraction is the most mobile selenium one. Strontium isotopes coupled with Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr and strontium isotopes ratios 87Sr/86Sr were used to identify the main groundwater bodies and theirs mixtures. Oxidizing or reducing environment conditions are controlled by the variations in the groundwater level which is influenced by the inter-annual and seasonal changes in the water and pumping process. However, each well field is characterized by its geological and hydro–geochemical conditions. The selenium may be mobilized through seepage (from the top), water levels variations (from the bottom), lateral transfers (interconnections between boreholes due to hydraulic gradients) and mixtures of water from surrounding areas
Barthelemy, Kévin. "Adsorption des anions phosphate par des composés ferriques en vue du traitement des eaux usées : approche en réacteur homogène et en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0237.
Full textThe Ph.D. work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to evaluating phosphate adsorption process on carbonate ferric green rust and ferrihydrite. The main objective concerns an application for the treatment of waste water in rural areas. Both iron oxides are first synthesized and their physico-chemical properties characterized. The ferric green rust structural properties differences as a function of synthesis parameters such as aging period and addition of hydrogen peroxide solution is of particular interest. A detailed study of surface physico-chemical properties by X Photoelectron Spectroscopy is carried out in the case of ferrihydrite. The reactivity of these two iron oxides is then evaluated in batch experiments. Adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetic equation and Freundlich isotherm model which give the best adjustments of experimental data. The influence of various parameters such as pH, ionic strength, etc on phosphate adsorption is also taken into account. Column experiments are afterwards carried out by using filtration material constituted of iron oxide deposited onto pozzolana. The optimal conditions to prepare this filtration material are naturally predetermined. Phosphate adsorption in hydrodynamic mode is characterized by advective and diffusive mechanisms and water regionalization which govern the adsorption process in the column. Moreover, phosphate adsorption capacity and flow rate influence on adsorption process are obtained. Finally, a preliminary experiment on a pre-treated waste water finally shows that the filtration material is potentially interesting for an industrial application
Pelleïeux, Sandra. "Intéraction de bactériophages avec des surfaces colonisées par des biofilms d'eau potable et évaluation de protocoles de nettoyage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0082/document.
Full textAlthough pathogens remain widely uncommon in water distribution networks, they may constitute a real threat for human health when accidentally introduced in the system. There is a lack of knowledge about virus behaviour into water distribution systems whereas such information is critical for a better viral risk management. In this context, three F-specific RNA bacteriophages -MS2, GA and Qbeta- were used as models, in experimental conditions mimicking water distribution systems. The purpose of the present work was at first to compare the viral accumulation of bacteriophages on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) colonised or not with drinking water biofilms. The second objective was to evaluate, on phages adsorbed in the biofilm, the efficiency of a cleaning protocol, based on chlorination and increase in the hydrodynamic strengths. To sum up, the water velocities tested in this work had little influence on both the bacterial and virus accumulation on surfaces, but applying a water flow led to an increase in the number of adsorbed phages in comparison with hydrostatic conditions. Whatever the conditions (water velocity, colonisation or not with a biofilm) MS2 phage was found to be the less adherent one. On HDPE colonised with a two-month old biofilm, the adhesion sequence was consistent with the sequence of hydrophobicity of the phages. The chlorination protocol tested in our study (4 to 5 mg CL2/L) can be applied punctually in distribution networks. After 60 minutes of chlorination the log-reduction was about 0.7 log10 for bacteria and between 2 and 3 log10 for bacteriophages, while no more infectious phages were detected in water after 5 minutes. Those results highlight that even two-month-old biofilms provide to viruses a protection against disinfection protocol. At last, the chlorination appears to be more efficient to inactivate viruses adsorbed on surfaces than an increase in the water flow velocity
Halwani, Bouchra. "Recyclage des eaux grises : Etude de nouvelles filières de traitement." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R066.
Full textGreywater constitutes 61% of the total wastewater stream that includes bathroom waters, kitchen water and washing machines. When treated, this source can be easily reused in wide options excluding potable uses. This study explores the opportunities to treat greywater and try to choose the most efficient yet cheap treatment systems.An overall view of different types of treatment systems was conducted, and then we chose which systems could deliver both efficiency and feasibility for low load greywater. After selecting two types of treatment systems, we needed to merge both of them into one system that will enhance the treatment efficiency. These two systems rely tightly on adsorption that is why we wanted to identify which adsorbent can offer the best percentage of pollutants elimination but still fit in the low budget of low income countries. Different types of adsorbent were tested: different bricks residues, activated carbons and different grain size of sand. Chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and the percentage of elimination of active agents were used to judge their effectiveness. After selecting fine sand and coarse sand, a phytoremediation concept was used, this require testing different type of plants. Lavender was then selected to be part of our system. Chemical oxygen demand and turbidity were used to judge whether or not our system could deliver good results. After running these two tests, our pilot showed great results and recovered great amount of water that could be then used in different reuse options like toilet flushing or irrigation. Because user’s opinion and social acceptance is a threat to any new treatment system, we visited some of the nearest hotels and resorts to see their willingness to engage in such treatment path. In addition, cost is always a major throwback to any new treatment system; therefore, cost benefit analysis was used to ensure the feasibility of our pilot
Ben, Sghaier Rafika. "Perturbateurs endocriniens dans le milieu aquatique : développement analytique et faisabilité de traitement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10126/document.
Full textThe occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in the aquatic environment has brought increasing concern due to their potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. These compounds are generally present in complex water matrices, such as surface waters at trace levels (ng/L) making their analysis difficult. In this work, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 13 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 5 steroid estrogens, 1 progestogen, 1 androgen and 6 endocrine-disrupting phenols in water was developed using solid phase extraction (SPE), derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The method was validated by spiking the 13 EDCs to the interest matrix. The limits of quantification were 1 ng/L and 5-50 ng/L for phenolic compounds and hormones respectively. The validated method was applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted EDCs in many sites in Northern France and in Tunisia. The majority of the considered compounds were detected in the different sampling sites. The last part of this work is the feasibility study for the elimination of PE by adsorption techniques on modified brick residues and bio-remediation by blue-green algae (SPIRULINA)
Helali, Sihem. "Application de la photocatalyse pour la dégradation des polluants chimiques et bactériologiques dans l’eau en utilisant des catalyseurs irradiés par des photons de lumière naturelle ou artificielle (UV‐A /UV‐B)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10316/document.
Full textThe photocatalytic degradation of two amino‐compounds, methylamine (MA) and dimethylamine (DMA) was investigated in the presence of UV‐irradiated TiO2 aqueous suspensions. Different parameters were studied: adsorption under dark and UV conditions, photolysis, kinetics of degradation, effect of pH, effect of the nature and intensities of photonic flux and finally the chemical pathway MA and DMA degradation.While, the percentage of covered OH in the dark was equal for MA and DMA, it becomes twice higher for MA under UV. The reactivity of MA and DMA is directly correlated with the adsorption under UV. The nitrogen atoms were decomposed mainly to ammonium. Nitrite was also formed but was rapidly oxidized to nitrate. At basic pH, photo assisted hydrolysis and the attack of OH• on N‐atom increase. DMA is mainly transformed to MA. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis show the presence of final slightly mineralised intermediate compounds containing nitrogen atom. We shown that, whatever the energy of photons (UV‐A or UV‐B), the same quantum yield equal to 0.033 was obtained.The photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli under natural solar irradiation in the absence (SODIS) as well in the presence of different concentrations of varied photocatalysts has also been investigated. The effect of temperature on E. coli inactivation was studied. Results show that the additions of any types of catalyst to the water accelerate the bactericidal action of solar irradiation and leads to a total disinfection. No bacterial regrowth was observed during the subsequent dark period. Ammonium and potassium ions were formed during E. coli inactivation in agreement with the membrane perforation and the oxidation of proteins
Deblonde, Tiphanie. "Évaluation des risques sanitaires de la consommation d'eaux potentiellement chargées en résidus de médicaments." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0295/document.
Full textThe drug pollution is effective on environmental water compartments. Sewage treatment plants and water purification fail to remove all the molecules present in wastewater and their removal rate varies according to therapeutic classes. Therefore, pharmaceuticals residues are found in human consumption water. The aim of our study is to build a risk assessment to the health of the population who consume water which contain pharmaceuticals residues. As a first time, we identified the nature of the pharmaceutical wastewater contamination and human consumption water. The large number of medicinal products makes it impossible risk assessment for each molecule, we built a hierarchical method for quickly identification of active substance having a higher risk to make a complete sanitary risk assessment for these pharmaceuticals. This part of our work, allowed us to, in first step, identify the criteria to be taken into account for optimizing hierarchy. Then, we could select 12 molecules for which sanitary risk assessment could be implemented. We decided to focus on the quantitative risk assessment of the consumption of polluted water with traces of three cytostatic molecules identified as priorities with our ranking methodology: ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and 5- FU and a mixture of these three drugs with same concentrations. Toxicity test (Trypan blue, comets assay, micronuclei test) helped us to analyze the dose-response relationship for these molecules. Thus, we could identify the hazardous potential of these substances, assess the dose-response relationship, and analyze occupational and environmental exposure of population to finally calculate the risk. Our sanitary quantitative risk assessment conclusions must be considered with caution given the nature of preliminary data
Ephraim, Augustina. "Valorization of wood and plastic waste by pyro-gasification and syngas cleaning." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0019/document.
Full textWood and plastic waste are interesting feedstock for the production of syngas via pyro- gasification, mainly due to their abundant supply and good fuel properties. However, syngas derived from waste may contain significant amounts of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which is corrosive and toxic and must therefore be removed. In this work, co-pyrolysis experiments were first conducted in order to study the influence of mixing different plastics with wood samples on the pyrolysis products. It was found that HDPE and PS significantly increase the heating value and HCl content of the gas product respectively, while PVC increases the yield of char and HCl. Next, pilot-scale experiments were performed, which revealed that adding 1 wt% PVC to wood waste raises the content of tar and HCl in syngas by factors of 2 and 5,5 respectively, and also elevates the chlorine concentration in the char residue 16 time over the value obtained in the absence of PVC. In parallel, a CFD model was developed to simulate the pyro-gasification of wood waste by coupling fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. This model consists of drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and char gasification sub-models. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data obtained from the pilot-scale experiments. Furthermore, sensibility analyses on the char gasification sub-model were performed. Finally, an experimental study was conducted on the removal of HCl from syngas. The study focused on valorizing two industrial solid wastes generated from the process of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate manufacture. Their HCl adsorption performance were compared to those of the commercial sorbents, NaHCO3 et Ca(OH)2. Moreover, the effect of gas matrix on their performance was studied. The industrial wastes showed potential for treating acid gas as compared to the commercial sorbents used. This opens up new approaches to the purification of syngas generated by the pyro-gasification of wood and plastic waste
Mackeown, Henry. "Evaluation de la réduction du potentiel de formation des trihalométhanes et des acides haloacétiques par des procédés de traitement de l’eau potable : application sur des eaux impactées par les ions iodure et bromure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R059.
Full textDisinfectants react with natural organic matter (NOM) to produce undesired disinfection by-products (DBPs). Drinking water resources in coastal areas can be impacted by higher concentrations of iodide leading to the formation of iodinated DBPs which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. Two analytical methods to analyse DBPs by headspace-trap gas chromatography were developed at Lille University: one for the trihalomethanes – with a focus on iodinated species (I-THMs) – and one for the haloacetic acids (HAAs). Those methods were implemented in a collaboration with De Watergroep to look at the removal of these DBP precursors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant as well as in the assessment of ion exchange resins, as part of an ambitious project to modernize the plant. As well as formation potential tests on real waters, different scenarios of increasing iodide and bromide concentrations were tested. The results were also related to the characterization of the natural organic matter, with the removal of humic substances and building blocks leading to the greatest abatement of THM formation potential during coagulation-decantation and ion exchange treatment. Preformed I-THMs and HAAs were greatly removed by the granular activated carbon filters in the full scale plant, reducing the overall relative cytotoxicity. Amberlite IRA410 had the best performance amongst 4 resins on NOM removal and DBP formation potential reduction
Poulier, Gaelle. "Etude de l’échantillonnage intégratif passif pour l’évaluation réglementaire de la qualité des milieux aquatiques : application à la contamination en pesticides et en éléments trace métalliques des bassins versants du Trec et de l’Auvézère." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0032/document.
Full textThe intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and urban activities since the 1950s has led to diffuse contamination of environmental compartments (air, soil, water). The presence of these molecules can lead to toxic effects for biota. The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the use of an efficient monitoring network, based on reliable sampling and analytical techniques. Nowadays, grab sampling followed by extraction of analytes and chromatographic analysis is the most widespread strategy because of its simplicity of implementation but it also has numerous drawbacks. The crux of the issue lies in the lack of temporal representativeness and the low analytical sensibility. An alternative strategy to overcome some of these problems could be the use of passive samplers. This contribution aims at discuss about the possible application of passive samplers in regulatory monitoring programs. The originality of this work lies in :The variety of tested devices: three different samplers was studied (The Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), the Chemcatcher and the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT). Conventional grab sampling strategies were also evaluated.The variety of studied environments: two very different watersheds were selected. The first one presented a high level of contamination; the second had a low contamination in pesticides.The implementation of passive samplers in a real regulatory context, as the selected streams were monitored by the Water Agency for operational control. Data from the Water Agency could therefore be compared with passive sampler data
Ivanovsky, Anastasia. "Ouvrages d’assainissement des eaux et qualité du milieu récepteur en zone urbaine : cas de rejets dans La Marque à Villeneuve d’Ascq." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10167/document.
Full textThe Marque River is a little watercourse located in a peri-urban watershed in Northern France, going through agricultural and urban areas. Nearby Villeneuve d’Ascq, this river receives waters from two main water treatment plants: (i) the waste water treatment plant of Villeneuve d’Ascq; and (ii) the waters from a stormwater basin, the Heron lake. In order to improve the understanding of the functioning of the river in this area, low and high frequencies monitoring have been undertaken in 2014. In addition, an instrumented buoy belonging to the French Water Agency Artois-Picardie was implemented in 2015 on the lake. A multi-tracers approach was considered in order to identify different pressures on The Marque River including physicochemical parameters (O2, pH, conductivity, SPM, DOC), nutrients (NO3-, NH4+, PO43-), trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn), organic micro-pollutants (CAF, CBZ) and hydrodynamic conditions (water flow, rainfall). The key points that have been highlighted are as follows: (i) The Marque River is strongly impacted by the discharge of wastewaters, due to sanitation network failures; (ii) the waste water treatment plant contributes significantly to the enrichment of The Marque River in CBZ and Zn, the latter participating to the degradation of the ecological status; (iii) the treatment capacity by naturals settling and biogeochemical processes is efficient within the Heron lake. However, the dredging of the entrance channel must be undertaken; and (iv) the discharge from the lake to the river tends to ameliorate scarcely and punctually the water quality of the river, excepted during special events
Romero, Millán Lina. "Steam gasification of tropical lignocellulosic agrowaste : impact of biomass characteristics on the gaseous and solid by-products." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0011.
Full textIn the context of most developing countries, steam gasification could be a very interesting process for both energy generation in isolated areas and the production of value-added products from lignocellulosic agrowaste. Considering that the availability of agricultural residues is often seasonal, gasification facilities should operate with different feedstocks. In consequence, this work is focused on the understanding of the impact of biomass characteristics on the gasification process and the properties of the gaseous and solid by-products. Three lignocellulosic agrowastes with different macromolecular structure and inorganic composition were selected for this study: Coconut shells (CS), bamboo guadua (BG) and oil palm shells (OPS). The thermal decomposition kinetics of the selected feedstocks was analyzed in a thermogravimetric scale under inert and steam atmosphere. Despite the differences in their macromolecular composition, inorganics showed to be the most important parameter influencing the steam gasification reactivity and kinetics of the samples. The beneficial impact of AAEM was confirmed, as well as the inhibitory effect of Si and P. More specifically, the ratio K/(Si+P) proved to be suitable to describe and compare the steam gasification behavior of lignocellulosic agrowastes. In accordance, a new kinetic modeling approach was proposed to predict the gasification behavior of samples, from the knowledge of their inorganic composition. The validity of the ratio K/(Si+P) to classify and predict the biomass steam gasification behavior was also confirmed from experiments in a lab-scale fluidized bed gasifier. Samples with K/(Si+P) above 1 exhibited higher gasification reactivities compared to samples with ratios below 1, resulting in greater gas yields and higher gas efficiencies. Moreover, inorganics impacted not only the gasification rate of the samples, but also the properties of the gasification solid by-products. In particular, higher gasification reactivities were related to greater char surface areas and contents of oxygenated surface functional groups. A temperature of 850°C and a steam fraction of 30% in the reacting atmosphere proved to be the most suitable gasification conditions for the simultaneous production of fuel gases for energy applications, and a valuable char that could be valorized in soil amendment applications. The gasification model and experimental results presented in this work might be an important reference for real gasification applications working with different kind of residues, when both the gaseous and solid by-products valorization is intended. Moreover, in the presented context, steam gasification of lignocellulosic agrowaste may improve the energy access in rural isolated areas, and simultaneously promote the development of productive projects that could generate new incomes for local communities
Zodi, Salim. "Étude de l'épuration d'effluents de composition complexe par électrocoagulation et des couplages intervenants entre le traitement électrochimique et l'étape de séparation : application à l'industrie textile et papetière." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0097/document.
Full textElectrocoagulation eliminates simultaneously a large spectrum of organic pollutants, dyes and heavy metals; therefore, it has been studied extensively. However, little work has been undertaken to investigate more thoroughly its behaviors. The complexity of the effluent for which it is particularly interesting to use this method also makes it difficult to analyze the results. This thesis aims to contribute to understanding the coupling electrocoagulation - settling and interactions associated with complex effluent multi-pollutants. Also a continuous reactor has been addressed in the case of a simple synthetic sewage to better understand the differences from the batch operation. This study is based on a systematic approach based on the elementary processes of electrocoagulation: Electrochemistry, coagulation and physical separation. Each process provides a basis for studying the interactions that then the overall modeling process. To study the electro-decantation couplings, industrial textile effluents were treated by electrocoagulation followed by a settling step, without flocculent. The effect of parameters on electrocoagulation settleability of treated effluent and removal efficiency of pollution has been studied in particular by following the settling velocity in the test tube and calculating the SVI. The second objective of this our work was to study the coupling between the different types of pollution and to eliminate a particular paper mill effluent containing organic pollutants and arsenic. Finally, we conducted a study on the performance of EC-coupling settling for the treatment of a synthetic textile effluent flow reactor. The latter is composed of two elements, the electrochemical cell followed by a settling chamber
Rogé, Vincent. "Etude, fabrication et caractérisation de nanostructures catalytiques de type ZnO/SnO2 intégrées à des membranes modèles pour la dépollution de l'eau." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF046/document.
Full textWater treatment is one of the main challenge to overcome on the XXIst century. If many different techniques already exist, we investigate a new process associating the properties of porous membranes and photocatalytic materials. Thus, we studied the growth and photoactivity of core/shell structures of ZnO/SnO2 integrated into mesoporous (AAO) and macro-porous (glass fiber) membranes . The photocatalytic activity of these materials has been evaluated on organic pollutants like methylene blue or salicylic acid, but also on molecules found in the Luxembourgish Alzette river. The environmental impact of the synthesized structures has been determined with cytotoxic analyses on Caco-2 cells and Vibrio Fischeri bacteria
Ismail, Mehdi. "Préparation et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux pour les réactions de dépollution photocatalytique de l'eau dans le visible." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL087N/document.
Full textThe role of WO3 and Fe2O3 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 deposits has been investigated through the oxidation of salicylic acid using UV and vis-light irradiation. Different procedures of semiconductor loading (wet impregnation/mixing semiconductors in solid form/sol gel) and deposition were undertaken. Also different substrates were tested (ordinary glass, ITO).UV-Vis spectrophotometry (without/with Integrating sphere), X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization were done in order to better understand the behavior and the effective role of loaded semiconductors.Promising results were found for catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and mixing in solid form methods (WO3-loading): the bang gap energy decreased, activity under visible light increased consequently (at 2.5 % molar -WO3) for the first case. 30% improvement under UV (0.5 % -WO3) was reached for the second. Sol gel method enhances coverage on the glass substrate, it seems to be an appropriate method to ensure good contact between semiconductors and reach the charge separation desired effect. Enhanced photocurrent on the ITO substrate confirms the positive role of WO3 in charge separation, in coherence with open circuit potential which was found to be reduced with 4 % WO3 loading. Fe2O3-TiO2 coatings prepared by wet impregnation exhibit higher activity with white lamp comparing to UV lamp (loading from 1 to 2 % Fe2O3), also positive effect of iron introduction was observed with sol gel method. Iron under his ionic form can play positive role in trapping charge, but it can form allotropic phases which can be centers of recombination.Key words: TiO2; WO3; Fe2O3; band gap; salicylic acid; photocatalysis; sol gel
Gueu, Soumahoro. "Elimination des acides humiques presents dans les eaux par adsorption et/ou photocatalyse." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0043/document.
Full textWater resources are threatened by various forms of pollution and the proposed treatment processes are often complex with results that are not always satisfactory. This study aims to develop a simple and inexpensive treatment to minimize the presence of humic acids (HA), an organic pollutant, in water. The approach adopted is the establishment of a hybrid process combining adsorption and heterogeneous photocatalysis performed with titanium dioxide. The adsorption method was carried out primary with activated carbon and secondary with three clays from Ivory Coast. Activated carbon was prepared from coconut shell by a simplified procedure, without chemical additives, in order to obtain an economic and ecological adsorbent. The three raw clays (Dabou, Yamoussoukro and Katiola) each underwent purification operations to obtain pure fractions. Characterization tests including various techniques (elemental analysis, XRD, nitrogen adsorption, IR, etc.) were carried out on the adsorbents obtained. Adsorption tests carried out with the coal showed that no elimination of HA was observed. The main reason is the lack of functional groups on the surface of the prepared coal. The adsorption tests conducted with the clays have shown that these materials are capable of removing HA. The results revealed that the clay richest in kaolinite (Yamoussoukro) has a much higher maximum adsorption capacity (115 mg/g) compared to the others (20 and 15 mg/g for Dabou and Katiola respectively). This difference found its explanation in the mineralogical and structural composition of each of the clays. Photocatalysis tests showed a degradation of the macromolecules of HA into smaller sizes compounds. The mineralization of the organic matter was observed with total organic carbon reduction rate equal to 72 and 82% at pH 7 and 3 respectively. By placing in series the two processes namely adsorption followed by photocatalysis, the removal percentage of HA obtained at pH 3, is about 95%. This hybrid process shows an advantage since it makes it possible to eliminate almost all of the initial organic pollution
Ma, Qiuming. "Etude de faisabilité d'un module plan intégrant distillation membranaire et collecteur solaire pour le dessalement autonome et décentralisé d'eau de mer : conception, modélisation et optimisation pour une application aux petites communautés isolées." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0006.
Full textSmall-scale desalination at the point of use offers a potential access to drinking water to communities living in remote coastal areas or isolated islands. In this dissertation, Membrane Distillation (MD) is the applied technology for the aforementioned application scenario. Moreover, the target places are also often in the lack of stable and centralized heat and power supply, while most of them benefit from high solar radiations. In order to further reduce the system heat loss and to intensify the process, the integration in the same module of flat-sheet distillation membranes for Vacuum MD (VMD) and direct solar heating by flat-plate collector (FPC) appears as a possible option. This study aims to explore the feasibility of this concept and to determine the more favorable design and operating conditions for the target application. The main task in this regard is to reduce electricity consumption (provided by photovoltaic PV panels) and simultaneously improve the energy efficiency and water production throughout the VMD-FPC module. The sensitivity analyses and multi-objective optimizations are conducted based on series of simulations. Results show that the potential daily productivity of the system can reach up to 96 L for a module surface area of 3 m2. A quasi-constant power cost of PV of 4.2 - 5.0 W L-1 is observed, permitting a flexible adjustment of the system capacity. Under a limitation of an average PV power of 130 W, more than 30 L of distillate can be obtained with a surface area of 0.83 m2 on a sunny summer-day in Toulouse, taking the optimized operating parameters and real-world material properties into account
Liang, Fenglin. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement rhéologique des boues résiduaires urbaines concentrées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0014/document.
Full textHuman daily activities generate a large quantity of wastewater that should be treated in order to minimise the sanitary risk and impacts on the environment. Sewage sludge is the main co-product of the wastewater treatment. Specific processes are implemented to reduce its volume and improve its sanitary quality before valorisation. As dewatered sludge is a mixture of water, microorganisms, fibres, colloidal and non-colloidal particles, organic polymers, etc., with the increase of its solid content, difficulties in pumping, conveying or discharging handling are frequently encountered during these treatments. The rheological characterisation of this heterogeneous material still remains a scientific and technical challenge, especially when solid mass content exceeds 20%. In this work, an entire methodology linking experimental measurements and modelling has been developed to characterise the rheological properties and the stickiness of sewage sludge. This methodology is suitable for sludge behaving as a soft solid (evaluated by slumping test) and as long as the material stays below its plastic limit (by the ASTM D 4318 initially standardized for soils). In this dissertation, the methodology is applied to dewatered sludge of total solid content around 20% by weight. This method includes uniaxial compression tests (from very large deformation to small one with single or two cycles of loading-unloading) using a universal materials testing machine of Lloyd Instrument and shearing tests using a device designed and fabricated in our laboratory for quantifying the sticky properties of sludge. These tests can identify the bioyield of the material, the orders of magnitude of the elastic modulus, viscosity, yield stress and resilience, the maximum adhesive and cohesive stresses, and finally the energy of adhesion. An analogical mechanical model is then established. The viscoelastic and visco-elasto-plastic behaviours under uniaxial cyclic compression can thus be simulated with this conceptual model of 7 parameters, named “Burgers-Ludwik”. This model is based on the fundamental mechanical laws of Hooke, Newton and the equation of Ludwik for simulating plastic hardening of material. A multi-step program based on non-linear multiple regressions is coded to optimize the model parameters with Matlab®. The sensibility of this methodology is highlighted by testing the changes in rheological properties of sewage sludge induced by processing or storage. Mixing makes the sludge more adhesive while storage makes it less cohesive. Both make the sludge easier to deform
Colin, Baptiste. "Modélisation de la torréfaction de plaquettes de bois en four tournant et validation expérimentale à l’échelle d’un pilote continu de laboratoire." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0015/document.
Full textTorrefaction is a thermal treatment at low temperature (250-300°C) used to improve biomass properties. Torrefied biomass has a higher energy density, it is more hydrophobic and more brittle. In this study, a one-dimensional numerical model of torrefaction in a rotary kiln has been developed. The wood chips flow, the thermal transfers, the drying step and the torrefaction kinetics have been modelled separately. These submodels have been experimentally validated before being implemented together. The model can thus predict the temperature and the mass loss of wood chips along the kiln. These results are in good agreement with values obtained during torrefaction experiments in the pilot-scale rotary kiln. In parallel, torrefied biomass has been analysed in terms of composition, heating value and structural properties with emphasis on the decrease of grinding energy consumption
Oliveira, Nunes Andréa. "Composites renforcés à fibres de carbone : récupération des fibres par vapo-thermolyse, optimisation du procédé." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0006/document.
Full textThe global demand for carbon fiber is forecast to rise to 89,000 tonnes by 2020, therefore an increasing amount of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) waste is expect to be generated. Recycling of carbon fibers, a high value added material, from the composite waste offers both environmental and economic incentives for the development of recycling routes. The aim is to recover the carbon fibers, as close as possible to their initial state, in order to envisage a reuse in other applications. For this purpose, steam-themolysis has been developed at RAPSODEE Laboratory. Steam-thermolysis is a process that combines pyrolysis and superheated steam at atmospheric pressure to decompose the organic matrix of the composite. The work consists of a study of recovering carbon fibers by steam-thermolysis of the composites at both the laboratory and pilot scale. In this work the samples under investigation includes thermoplastic composites from manufacturing cut-offs. Two commercially available composites of polyamide and polyphenylene sulfide resins were studied. Thermo-gravimetric analyses and kinetic studies were conducted to understand the thermal behavior of the samples and to prove the efficiency of the steam-thermolysis compared to conventional pyrolysis. At the pilot scale, an experimental design was carried out to determine the best possible operational conditions of the steam-thermolysis process in terms of the removal efficiency of the polymer matrix and the quality of the recovered carbon fibers. The carbon fibers recovered from the optimized steam-thermolysis process presented a resin free and uniform surface. They retained over 80 % of their original tensile strength. The outgoing liquids and gases of the process were identified and quantified. Finally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to compare a scenario without recycling with one where the composites are recycled by steam-thermolysis. According to this study, the recycling of CFRP, with recovery of carbon fibers, provides clear environmental advantages
Moulin, Ludovic. "Vapothermolyse des pneus usagés. Valorisation du noir de carbone récupéré, relation procédé-produit." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0015/document.
Full textAccording to the European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), more than 3 millions tonnes of waste tires are to be treated in Europe each year and are subject to legislation and regulation policies for the re-use and recycling of 95 % of the total mass of end-of-life vehicles. Despite the various opportunities for recycling used tires (civil engineering applications, material recovery, energy recovery), a part of the French available resource remains unvalued and none of the applications just mentioned focuses specifically on the recovery of carbon black, which is one of the main component of a tire. This high added value product is mainly used as reinforcing filler in the rubber and plastics industries. There are two types of industrialized thermal processes for recovering the carbon black from an end-of-life tire : pyrolysis and steam thermolysis. Steam thermolysis, currently industrialized by Alpha Recyclage Franche Comté (ARFC), is an efficient pyrolysis alternative which uses superheated steam at atmospheric pressure. The substitution of carbon blacks produced from a conventional manufacturing process by carbon blacks recovered from the steam thermolysis treatment is based upon the quality of the recycled product, especially regarding its physicochemical properties (intrinsic and surface). The objective of this work is to propose and implement an adequate methodology to recover and characterize the physicochemical properties of recovered carbon black (rCB) from steam thermolysis of a tire, to assess the impact of the process operating conditions on the properties of the rCB, and finally to valorize the rCB as an alternative reinforcing filler for the elaboration of a final product
Tramoni, Félicien. "Analyse du traitement et de la gestion durable des boues d’épuration en Corse. Proposition de solutions énergétiques alternatives, axées sur la méthanisation des boues avec production d’énergies, aux méthodes appliquées en Corse. Utilisation de l’outil d’aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre du surclassement de ces nouveaux procédés." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0019.
Full textSludge quality is directly related to the quality of of these processing steps present in a water treatment plant. In terms of treatment and disposal of sludge, we observe on the part of local actors, a willingness to permanent and lasting abandonment of the sector 'deposit in storage centre'', given a regional plans and regulations (including the PREDIS Corsica), increasingly demanding in terms of valuations of industrial and special waste. We also observe a gradual and planned abandonment of practices for spreading. Indeed, the spreading of sewage sludge is the subject of widespread controversy which highlights the health and environmental risks it would lead to agricultural soils. In our region, this practice is not carried out regulatory manner. In Corsica, the local actors seem to have opted for the solution of compost to enhance the production of sewage sludge. Nearly 2/3 of the annual tonnage MS sludge is currently valued via this pathway. The composting process is equivalent to an aerobic fermentation involving a multitude of microorganisms. This composting stream, as well as spreading, experienced strong expansion of its business but seems to have flaws and limitations: problems with odors; regulatory increasingly demanding; and finally overproduction unsaleable compost to the views of the application.Another solution could present higher advantages: anaerobic digestion with production of electricity and heat from cogeneration. . This energy production go through the biogas produced by this system. Indeed, the biogas is a mixture containing mostly methane (50 – 70 %) and carbon dioxide. Due to a high concentration of methane, biogas is a good energy supplier (1m3 biogas has a calorific value 6 kWh equivalent to 0.6 liters of fuel). To generate electricity, the anaerobic digestion process must be coupled to an engine cogeneration or several microturbines. EDF has the obligation to purchase electricity at a price ranging between 11 and 14 euro cents/kwh. After 15 years, the redemption of the kwh produced is done at the rate offered by EDF.In Corsica, only a treatment plant is equipped with a digester coupled in series to five microturbines, producing heat and electricity cogeneration: The wastewater treatment plant at Campo Dell'Oro /Ajaccio. This energy recovery process could be improved with an eventual replacement of the microtubines by a cogeneration engine. An AMCDP allowed to outperform this technology towards microturbines, much less efficient in terms of performance.The equipment of the highest capacity treatment plants in Corsica, digesters associated with a cogeneration engine could be a lasting solution to the problem of energy recovery of sewage sludge
Lachassagne, Delphine. "Devenir de micropolluants présents dans les boues d’épuration, du traitement à l’épandage agricole : Application aux micropolluants métalliques (Cd, Cu) et organiques (médicaments) issus du traitement biologique conventionnel d’effluents urbains ou hospitaliers." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0065/document.
Full textWastewater treatment plants represent the main transfer pathways for micropollutants to enter the environment. Emerging contaminants are not totally eliminated and are transferred to the sludge by sorption process due to their physico-chemical properties. Among them, pharmaceutical compounds are of a great concern because of their potential adverse effects to ecosystems. As sludge landspreading is the main process of valorization employed in France, the choice of the kind of sludge stabilization treatment able to reduce the amount of micropollutants is crucial. In this work, the fate of trace metallic elements (cadmium and copper) and pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, paracetamol, diclofenac, ketoprofen, econazole, atenolol and propranolol) has been investigated in sludge from different origins: urban (with and without ozone oxidation treatment) and hospital, during their treatment (thickening and stabilization by composting, liming or anaerobic digestion). The methodology developed in this work consisted in connecting the partition coefficients of micropollutants (between the soluble and particulate fractions of sludge, Kdsorption) and their desorption potential (Kdesorption) with micropollutants physico-chemical properties and sludge characteristics (biochemical composition and functional groups). Statistical analysis leads to the determination of models able to predict Kdsorption and Kdesorption. Molecular weight and solubility of pharmaceutical compounds, sludge’s pH, phosphoric functional groups in the soluble phase and amine/hydroxyl groups in the particulate fraction of sludge had the main impact on the sorption behavior. Moreover the oxidation of sludge with ozone before stabilization was efficient to eliminate eight from eleven organic compounds. For all sludge samples, sulfamethoxazole was biodegraded during anaerobic digestion. Batch desorption tests showed that micropollutants were more easily desorbed in limed sludge compared to digested sludge. Finally, the study of micropollutants availability during stabilized urban and hospital sludge landspreading on laboratory soil columns revealed that ibuprofen, salicylic acid, diclofenac and paracetamol were the only compounds present in leachates. This means that the other pharmaceutical compounds exhibited a lower mobility in soil
Mouzaoui, Mohamed Amine. "Caractérisation des régimes d'écoulement des boues résiduaires au cours du séchage thermique par agitation." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0001.
Full textIn EU, sludge production is increasing every year and is becoming a real challenge for the waste water treatment plants (WWTP). To reduce volumes and facilitate the reuse of organic matter, thermal drying is one of the most commonly used operations in large WWTP. Optimisation of the paddle dryer energy consumption can be obtained by an accurate control of the operating parameters, among which the residence time which is directly connected to the flow velocity in the dryer. Controlling the residence time implies the knowledge of the rheological parameters of sludge for total solid contents (TS) higher than 20 wt.% and their temperature dependency during drying. However, rheological measurements are difficult to perform at high TS as uncontrolled effects such as fractures and evaporation appear. Consequently, the obtained rheological measurements are not fully representative of a controlled state of the sludge.In this work, we show how to correct fractures impact with a well-controlled procedure allowing the exact determination of the surface really sheared in the range of strain 0-200 %, and so, of intrinsic rheological parameters. Moreover, we show how to control the evaporation of water at high temperatures, up to 80 °C, during at least 2 h of rheological measurements. These procedures are suitable for sludge having a pasty/plastic consistency and are compatible with any commercial rotational rheometer. Furthermore, above the plasticity limit TSP=43 wt.%, the studied sludge looks like a divided material that we characterize using a powder rheometer. The use of a powder rheometer, based on the Jenike principle and conventionally used in granular media, has been validated for the highest concentrations, in particular by means of a comparison with a conventional rheometer. Then, based on these procedures, the impact of concentration on the nature of sludge rheological behaviour has been investigated. We show the existence of 4 different regimes in the 2 48 wt.% TS range. Under 6 wt.% TS, the sludge is defined as a diluted suspension and the rheological behaviour is governed by viscous forces (physico-chemical and/or hydrodynamic interactions). When the TS content is higher than 14 but lower than 43 wt.%, the sludge looks like a pasty/plastic material and the behaviour is governed by frictional forces which manifested by the appearance of dilatancy. In the intermediate range of TS, that is 6-14 wt.%, the rheological behaviour is governed by a competition between viscous and frictional forces. Above 43 wt.%, the divided granular-like sludge behaves like a cohesive powder. We demonstrate that the relation between solid-like parameters (such as the yield stress) and the TS content can be modelled using a model combining a power and an Eilers laws. The power law dominates in the viscous regime, the Eilers law in the frictional regime and neither is dominant in the transitional regime. All of these results allowed us to propose a rheophysical scheme that links the rheological behaviour of the sludge to its consistency
Ren, Baiming. "Transforming alum sludge into value-added products for various reuse." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0002.
Full textThe production of drinking water always accompanied by the generation of water treatment residues (WTRs). Alum sludge is one of the WTRs, it is an easily, locally and largely available by-product worldwide. This work focuses on the identification of different ways to valorize the alum sludge for environmentally friendly reuse. Two alum sludges collected from France and Ireland have been reused in various fields as a function of their characteristics. Firstly, alum sludge was used as a partial replacement for clay in brick making, by incorporating different percentages of alum sludge and calcined at different temperatures (range from 800 to 1200 °C). The resultant bricks were tested for compression, Loss on Ignition, water absorption, appearance, etc. Results show that alum sludge-clay bricks have met the “European and Irish Standards” and demonstrated the huge industrial application potential for alum sludge in Irish clay brick manufacturing. Glyphosate is an active ingredient in pesticide which is massive employed in agriculture. Alum sludge and Irish peat were compared for glyphosate removal in pot tests, results show that alum sludge present significant glyphosate removal capacity (>99 %) and could reduce the level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). It provided a scientific clue for sorbents selection when considering the agricultural wastewater treatment in Ireland and to maximize their value in practice. The co-conditioning and dewatering of sewerage sludge with liquid alum sludge was also investigated in Jar-test based on the case analysis of a water industry in France. Results show that the optimal sludge mix ratio is 1:1, the use of the alum sludge has been shown to beneficially enhance the dewaterability of the resultant mixed sludge, and highlighting a huge polymer saving (14 times less than the current technologies) and provided a sustainable and technical sludge disposal route for the local water industry. The use of alum sludge as a sorbent for gas purification was studied by H2S adsorption experiments in a fixed-bed reactor with various operating parameters. The experimental breakthrough data were modeled with empirical models based on adsorption kinetics. Results show that alum sludge is an efficient sorbent for H2S removal (capacity of 374.2 mg/g) and the mechanisms including dissociative adsorption and oxidation were proposed. Moreover, the overall mass transfer coefficients were calculated which could be used for the process scaling up. Finally, alum sludge cakes were reused in the novel aerated alum sludge constructed wetland (CW), which were designed for simultaneous H2S purification and wastewater treatment. Results show that H2S was completely removed in the six months’ trials, while the high removal efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphates (TP) were achieved. Thus, a novel eco-friendly CW for simultaneous H2S purification and wastewater treatment was developed. In the different approaches and process considered, in particular it was put in investigating and describing the mechanisms involved. Overall, this work demonstrated alum sludge could be a promising by- product for various novel beneficial reuse rather than landfilling and provided a “Circular Economy” approach for WTRs management
Burbery, Lee Francis. "Reactive single-well tests for determination of natural attenuation rates." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428753.
Full textCarvalho, Leslie Bosco. "Protein adsorption on powdered activated carbon." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415009.
Full textAkram, Aurangzeb. "Stability and performance improvement of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438966.
Full textHudson, James Ronald. "The development of mode of action biosensors for the waste water industry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408846.
Full textHu, Alan Yung-Chih. "Anaerobic in-tank membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414422.
Full textDuckhouse, H. L. "The effect of sonication at different frequencies on microbial disinfection using hypochlorite." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436296.
Full textEl-Sheikh, Amjad Hussein. "Preparation, characterisation and some potential water treatment applications of activated carbon produced from Jordanian olive stones." Thesis, Coventry University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400790.
Full textSimm, Andrew Oliver. "The electrochemical detection of arsenic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433323.
Full textDennis, Mark. "Synthesis of calix[4]arenes and their use in sensors." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443648.
Full textBrougham, Kate. "Aluminium smelting : the toxicity, scale and longevity of fluoride pollution in the environment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1555.
Full textHeidrich, Elizabeth Susan. "Evaluation of microbial electrolysis cells in the treatment of domestic wastewate." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1469.
Full textHall, Samuel Clelland. "The removal of fuel oil compounds from groundwater for potable supply." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444438/.
Full textAlenezi, Ibrahim. "Salinity gradient solar ponds : theoretical modelling and integration with desalination." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/745998/.
Full textAl-Attar, I. S. "The effect of pleating density and dust type on performance of absolute fibrous filters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8814.
Full textVillarreal-Chiu, J. F. "Organic phosphonate metabolism by marine bacteria." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557849.
Full textSalameh, Yousef. "Arsenic removal from wastewater using dolomitic sorbents." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579772.
Full textLan, Bingyan. "Treatment of industrial cork boiling water by ozonation and advanced oxidation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493119.
Full textLi, Bo. "Non-mechanical pumping force of electroosmosis flow and its applications in porous media." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605584.
Full textAlataway, Abed. "Suitability of waste water for irrigation in Saudi Arabia : analysis of public perceptions and quantitative microbial risk assessment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601759.
Full textMoloney, Shane Richard. "The design, build and preliminary testing of a ballast water treatment plant prototype." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580318.
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