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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "621.43.055"
Запорожец, Артур Александрович, and Александр Александрович Редько. "Исследование стехиометрической смеси «воздух-топливо» алканов для оптимизации процесса горения в теплоагрегатах." Thesis, Національний гірничий університет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/23983.
Full textПри сжигании топливных материалов важно правильно регулировать количественное и качественное поступление воздуха в камеру сгорания (двигателя или печи). Если воздуха будет недостаточно, то количество кислорода необходимого для полного сжигания топлива будет не хватать, и новообразовавшиеся вещества (т.е. продукты неполного сгорания Н2, СН4, СО, С) будут поступать в атмосферу. Достаточно очевидно, что такой ход процесса горения приводит к чрезмерному расходу топливных ресурсов и ухудшению экологической ситуации (локально и на больших территориях). Ясно и то, что чрезмерный избыток воздуха также недопустим, так как значительная часть тепла будет расходоваться на его подогрев.
Василенко, Олег Вадимович. "Совершенствование рабочего процесса двухтактного двигателя с искровым зажиганием и непосредственным впрыском топлива." Thesis, Украинский государственный университет железнодорожного транспорта, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21849.
Full textThesis to obtain scientific degree of Candidate of Engineering sciences on the speciality 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2015. The dissertation is devoted to improving environmental and economic performance two-stroke internal combustion engines with spark ignition by the use of direct fuel injection. Determined that a promising way of internal mixing with direct fuel injection is the organization layered fuel-air charge, providing improved environmental and economic performance. The criterion L, which characterizes the stratification of the fuel-air charge, can qualitatively assess the effect of mixing process on the performance of the engine as a whole. A factor Z, which is deter-mined using indicator efficiency two-stroke engine with external mixture formation, which takes into account only that fuel which is involved in the combustion cylinder engine. The use of direct injection petrol bundle of fuel-air charge modes for loading characteristic at n = 3000 rev/min enabled the reduction in fuel con-sumption of 1.83 times at the effective efficiency rjfmax = 0,31, 7-10 times lower harmful substances (CO, CH) in exhaust gases, the use of gasoline-ethanol blends ensured stable operation of the engine in all load range and a high economic and environmental performance than when using carburetor system power.
Василенко, Олег Вадимович. "Удосконалення робочого процесу двотактного двигуна з іскровим запалюванням і безпосереднім вприскуванням палива." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21826.
Full textThesis to obtain scientific degree of Candidate of Engineering sciences on the speciality 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2015. The dissertation is devoted to improving environmental and economic performance two-stroke internal combustion engines with spark ignition by the use of direct fuel injection. Determined that a promising way of internal mixing with direct fuel injection is the organization layered fuel-air charge, providing improved environmental and economic performance. The criterion L, which characterizes the stratification of the fuel-air charge, can qualitatively assess the effect of mixing process on the performance of the engine as a whole. A factor Z, which is deter-mined using indicator efficiency two-stroke engine with external mixture formation, which takes into account only that fuel which is involved in the combustion cylinder engine. The use of direct injection petrol bundle of fuel-air charge modes for loading characteristic at n = 3000 rev/min enabled the reduction in fuel con-sumption of 1.83 times at the effective efficiency rjfmax = 0,31, 7-10 times lower harmful substances (CO, CH) in exhaust gases, the use of gasoline-ethanol blends ensured stable operation of the engine in all load range and a high economic and environmental performance than when using carburetor system power.
Набок, Степан Сергійович. "Квазіоптимальне управління електромеханічною системою позиціонування «летючої» пили." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34205.
Full textThe existing systems of cutting of rolling mill, their advantages and disadvantages were considered in the work. An updated mathematical model of the electric drive control system for moving the carriage mechanism of a "flying" saw has been established. The procedure for the synthesis of an optimal controller taking into account nonlinearities in the displacement control circuit using the concept of the Pearson method is determined. The research of the system with the synthesized regulator by the method of mathematical modeling with the use of the software environment MATLAV is carried out
В работе были рассмотрены существующие системы раскроя прокатного стана, их преимущества и недостатки. Установлено уточненную математическую модель системы регулирования электропривода перемещения механизма каретки «летучей» пилы. Определена процедура синтеза оптимального регулятора с учетом нелинейностей в контуре регулирования перемещения с использованием концепции метода Пирсона. Проведено исследование системы с синтезированным регулятором методом математического моделирования с использованием программной среды MATLAВ
Запорожец, А. А. "Контроль процесса сжигания топлива в котлах с использованием кислородных зондов." Thesis, Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/37425.
Full textХамза, Хамза Алі Адел. "Вибір та обґрунтування параметрів дизель-електричної станції з системою утилізації теплоти." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/31934.
Full textDissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences in specialty 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to the choice and substantiation of parameters of a diesel power plant with heat recovery system of recycling the secondary heat from diesel engine using the Rankin cycle, which uses the heat of exhaust gases and cooling water systems. As a result of the analysis of the features of a promising power plant with a Hyundai 25/33 engine for the production of electric power at a plant in Iraq, a technological scheme of a comprehensive system for recycling diesel fuel from an electric power station with the additional generation of electricity, heat for heating heavy fuel, condensing technical water from exhaust gases. As a working fluid in the Rankin cycle, it is advisable to use the hot water from the engine cooling system. Using the developed mathematical model of the distillation circuit of the diesel power plant, the design-experimental study of the influence of the ambient temperature on the indicators of the efficiency of heat recovery was performed. When the ambient temperature changes from 0 ° C to 40 ° C, the amount of electric energy generated by the Rankin cycle for the Hyundai H25 / 33 engine increases to 10%. With a single cogeneration unit with a Hyundai H25 / 33 engine and a recycling complex developed, it is possible to get up to 2300 kg of water vapor condensate per day, which is very valuable in Iraq. Based on the results of the study, two variants of the technological scheme (projects A and B) were developed for the modernization of Hyundai diesel power plants. The feasibility study for the NPV method has shown that after the full recovery equipment is put into operation, the maximum achievable profit will be about 1 406 219 $ /year.
Hamza, Hamza Ali Adel. "Selection and justification the parameters of diesel power plant with heat recovery system." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/31664.
Full textДисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.03 – двигуни та енергетичні установки. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2017. Дисертація присвячена вибору і обґрунтуванню параметрів дизель-електричної станції з системою утилізації вторинної теплоти дизеля з використанням циклу Ренкіна, що використовує теплоту відпрацьованих газів та системи охолодження. В результаті аналізу особливостей перспективної енергетичної установки з двигуном Hyundai 25/33 для виробництва електричної енергії на заводі в Іраку розроблена технологічна схема комплексної системи утилізації вторинної теплоти дизель-електричної станції з додатковим отриманням електроенергії, теплоти для підігріву важкого палива, конденсації технічної води з відпрацьованих газів двигуна. Для утилізації вторинної теплоти двигуна Hyundai H25/33 запропоновано утилізаційний контур установки, який працює за органічним циклом Ренкіна (ОЦР). В якості робочого тіла в циклі Ренкіна доцільно використовувати воду системи охолодження двигуна. З використанням розробленої математичної моделі утилізаційного контуру дизель-електростанції виконане розрахунково-експериментальне дослідження впливу температури навколишнього середовища на показники ефективності утилізаційного контуру. При зміні температури навколишнього середовища від 0 ° С до 40 ° С кількість електроенергії, виробленої за циклом Ренкіна для двигуна Hyundai H25/33 збільшується до 10%. При роботі однієї когенераційної установки з двигуном Hyundai H25/33 та розробленим утилізаційним комплексом можна отримати на добу до 2300 кг конденсату водяної пари, що є дуже цінною в Іраку. На основі результатів дослідження було розроблено два варіанта технологічної схеми (проекти "А" та "Б") модернізації дизельних електростанцій компанії Hyundai Heavy Industries. Виконана техніко-економічна оцінка проектів за метод NPV показала, що після того, як обладнання утилізаційного контуру в повному обсязі буде введено у експлуатацію, максимально досяжний прибуток складе близько 1 406 219 дол. США/рік.
Хамза, Хамза Алі Адел. "Вибір та обґрунтування параметрів дизель-електричної станції з системою утилізації теплоти." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/31663.
Full textDissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences in specialty 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to the choice and substantiation of parameters of a diesel power plant with heat recovery system of recycling the secondary heat from diesel engine using the Rankin cycle, which uses the heat of exhaust gases and cooling water systems. As a result of the analysis of the features of a promising power plant with a Hyundai 25/33 engine for the production of electric power at a plant in Iraq, a technological scheme of a comprehensive system for recycling diesel fuel from an electric power station with the additional generation of electricity, heat for heating heavy fuel, condensing technical water from exhaust gases. As a working fluid in the Rankin cycle, it is advisable to use the hot water from the engine cooling system. Using the developed mathematical model of the distillation circuit of the diesel power plant, the design-experimental study of the influence of the ambient temperature on the indicators of the efficiency of heat recovery was performed. When the ambient temperature changes from 0 ° C to 40 ° C, the amount of electric energy generated by the Rankin cycle for the Hyundai H25 / 33 engine increases to 10%. With a single cogeneration unit with a Hyundai H25 / 33 engine and a recycling complex developed, it is possible to get up to 2300 kg of water vapor condensate per day, which is very valuable in Iraq. Based on the results of the study, two variants of the technological scheme (projects A and B) were developed for the modernization of Hyundai diesel power plants. The feasibility study for the NPV method has shown that after the full recovery equipment is put into operation, the maximum achievable profit will be about 1 406 219 $ /year.
Ribeiro, Bernardo Sousa. "Thermodynamic optimisation of spark ignition engines under part load conditions." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/7244.
Full textThe rational use of fossil fuels, the minimisation of noxious emissions and the reduction of green house gases emissions are the targets of internal combustion engines research and development activities. Several technological developments have been proposed to reduce the fuel consumption from engines. The integration of variable valve timing (VVT) systems, the use of direct injection and lean burn are the most common technologies proposed by engine manufacturers and research centres to attain these goals, in parallel with exhaust gases purification systems. Car engines are used at part load conditions most of the time and spark ignition engines have reduced thermal efficiency when working under these conditions. This is caused mainly by the use of a throttle valve to control the engine load and a consequent reduction of effective compression ratio. Thus transportation fuel consumption can be reduced if the performance of engines at part load is improved. A theoretical analysis has been developed for different internal combustion engine cycles using classical thermodynamics. The objective is to evaluate the behaviour of each cycle in terms of thermal efficiency throughout the load range of the engine. Both spark ignition and compression ignition engine cycles have been analysed. Miller cycle (over-expanded cycle), Diesel and dual cycles proved to bring improvements in relation to a conventional (Otto) spark ignition engine at part load operation. Supercharged cycles were also analysed, revealing that compression ignition engines can also be improved with it, while spark ignition engines lose efficiency with supercharging. A computer model that simulates spark ignition engines at steady-state conditions was developed and later calibrated with data from engine tests. This computer model was implemented in Matlab – Simulink. It includes sub-models for temperature and pressure calculation, gas properties calculation, combustion, heat transfer, mass exchange and friction. The model was extended to calculate the entropy generated during the engine cycle. Simulations revealed an improvement in terms of fuel consumption with the use of over-expansion and an even higher improvement when over-expansion is combined with compression ratio adjustment. At the same time, the amount of entropy generated reduces when over-expansion combined with compression ratio variation is used. Bench tests have been performed to obtain experimental data to corroborate the theoretical results. A single cylinder DI Diesel engine was tested and modified to work as a spark ignition. This allowed direct comparison between compression ignition and spark ignition engines. Different camshafts were used to perform different intake valve closure timings (to model VVT) and different pistons were used to perform different compression ratios (to model variable compression ratio - VCR). In the spark ignition version, the engine was tested as Otto, Miller (using different camshafts) and as Miller VCR (using different camshafts and different pistons) configurations.
O objectivo das actividades de investigação e desenvolvimento em motores de combustão interna são a utilização racional dos combustíveis fósseis, minimização da emissão de gases tóxicos e redução da emissão de gases de efeito de estufa. Vários desenvolvimentos tecnológicos têm sido propostos para a redução do consumo de combustível em motores. A integração sistemas de variação da abertura de válvulas (VVT), a utilização de injecção directa e queima pobre são as soluções mais comuns propostas pelos fabricantes de motores e centros de investigação para atingir aqueles objectivos, paralelamente com os sistemas de tratamento de gases de escape. Os motores de automóveis, na maior parte do tempo, são usados em condições de carga parcial e nestas condições têm um rendimento térmico baixo. Isto é causado principalmente pela utilização da válvula de borboleta para o controlo da carga do motor e uma consequente redução da taxa de compressão efectiva. Assim, o consumo de combustível em transportes pode ser reduzido se o desempenho dos motores em condições de carga parcial for melhorado. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma análise teórica, a diferentes ciclos de motores de combustão interna usando a termodinâmica clássica. O objectivo é avaliar o comportamento de cada ciclo em termos de rendimento térmico ao longo da gama de carga do motor. Foram analisados quer motores de ignição comandada, quer motores de ignição por compressão. Provou-se que o ciclo Miller (ciclo sobre-expandido), o Diesel e o dual conduzem a melhorias em relação ao ciclo convencional de ignição comandada (Otto) em condições de operação a carga parcial. Foram também analisados ciclos sobrealimentados, revelando-se que os ciclos de ignição por compressão beneficiam com a utilização desta técnica, enquanto que os ciclos de ignição comandada têm o seu rendimento reduzido com a utilização da sobrealimentação. Foi desenvolvido um modelo computacional para simulação de motores de ignição comandada em regime estacionário, sendo posteriormente calibrado com os dados resultantes de ensaios de motores. Este modelo foi implementado em Matlab – Simulink. Inclui sub-modelos para o cálculo de temperatura e pressão, cálculo das propriedades dos gases, combustão, transferência de calor, transferência de massa e atrito. Este modelo foi alargado para o cálculo da entropia gerada durante o ciclo do motor. As simulações revelaram uma melhoria em termos de consumo com a utilização de sobre-expansão e uma melhoria ainda superior quando é combinada a sobreexpansão e a optimização da taxa de compressão. Ao mesmo tempo, a quantidade de entropia gerada reduz-se quando é utilizada a sobre-expansão combinada com a variação da taxa de compressão. Foram executados testes em banco para a obtenção de dados experimentais que corroborem os resultados teóricos. Foi testado um motor Diesel de injecção directa monocilíndrico que posteriormente foi modificado para trabalhar como motor de ignição comandada. Isto permitiu a comparação directa entre motores de ignição comandada e motores de ignição por compressão. Foram utilizadas várias árvores de cames para executar diferentes tempos de fecho da válvula de admissão (VVT) e vários pistões para executar diferentes taxas de compressão (variação da taxa de compressão - VCR). O motor, na versão de ignição comandada, foi testado como Otto, Miller (utilizando diferentes árvores de cames) e como Miller VCR (utilizando diferentes árvores de cames e diferentes pistões).
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - scope of QCA III for the financial support given for his research activities: SFRH / BD / 11194 / 2002 , FCT/FEDER POCI/ENR/59168/2004.
Lopes, David Quéli Matos. "Otimização de motores diesel para funcionamento com biodiesel." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/34355.
Full textO objetivo deste trabalho passa por comparar as prestações de um motor diesel, para um mesmo limite legal de fumos, quando alimentado por gasóleo e biodiesel. Ainda, pretende-se comparar os resultados obtidos, em binário, potência, consumo e rendimento, entre os vários combustíveis utilizados. Inicialmente, é realizada uma análise à literatura, onde se estuda a combustão, sistemas de injeção, e parâmetros de desempenho do motor. Ainda, é feito um estudo a vários combustíveis, entre eles o gasóleo, o biodiesel e o bioóleo, e à forma como estes podem afetar a performance do motor. Entre as propriedades dos combustíveis é abordado o índice de cetano, o poder calorífico, massa volúmica, compressibilidade, lubricidade, entre outros. No que diz respeito à componente prática do trabalho, é feita uma instalação experimental, na qual se cria uma bancada de testes para o motor Peugeot adquirido, juntamente com todos os tipos de ligações necessárias: circuito do líquido de arrefecimento, instalação elétrica do motor e restantes componentes. Numa fase posterior, são apresentados procedimentos para a calibração do freio dinamométrico, procedimentos para testes de lubricidade, de atrito e de viscosidade. O trabalho culmina com os testes do motor em duas fases distintas: motor limitado eletronicamente e motor desbloqueado. Posteriormente é feita a respetiva análise de resultados, tendo em conta os diversos combustíveis utilizados para teste com o motor (gasóleo e três referências distintas de biodiesel). Relatam-se, também, alguns processos de reparação e modificação de alguns componentes do motor.
The objective of this work is to compare the performance of a diesel engine, in the same legal smoke limit, when fueled by diesel and biodiesel. Furthermore, it is intended to compare the results obtained, in torque, power, consumption and efficiency, between the multiple fuels utilized. Initially, a literature survey is made, where the combustion is studied, along with injection systems, and parameters of the engine’s performance. Also, a study is made on different fuels, such as diesel, biodiesel and biooil, and the way how these can affect engine performance. Some of the fuel properties mentioned include the cetane number, heat value, density, compressibility, lubricity, etc. When it comes to practical component of the work, an experimental installation is made, where a test stand for the Peugeot engine is created, as well as all its the connections needed: coolant fluid circuit, electrical circuit. At a later stage, procedures are presented for the calibration of the dynamometer break, for the lubricity tests, for the friction tests and viscosity tests. This work culminates with the tests with the engine in two distinct phases: electronically blocked engine and unblocked engine. Afterwards, a result analysis is made, considering the multiple fuels used (diesel and three different biodieseis as well as its characteristics. It’s also reported some of the reparations and modifications made to components of the engine.