Academic literature on the topic '621.381 0285'

Abstract The effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on the formability of DP600 steel was experimentally investigated and the basic relationships between biaxial deformation behavior and FSP-induced evolutions in microstructural and mechanical properties were established. FSP formed a microstructure that consists of lath martensite with increased volume fraction compared to as-received (AR) microstructure that mainly consisted of well-distributed fine martensite particles in a ferrite matrix. Consequently, AR yield strength (301 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (621 MPa) increased to about 811 and 1054 MPa, respectively. This strength enhancement achieved accompanied by adequate uniform elongation and elongation to failure values of 6.3 and 13.0%, respectively. Under biaxial loading conditions, good strain hardenability of the AR DP600 steel brought about a large membrane stretching regime leading to high punch force for biaxial flow. After FSP, both punch displacements within the membrane stretching regime decreased due to the increased volume fraction of lath martensite leading to higher cracking tendency. In result, cup depth and peak punch force of FSPed DP600 decreased from 8.7 mm and 33.2 kN to 7.1 mm and 28.1 kN, respectively. The obtained results simply indicate that FSP can be employed to enhance the strength of dual-phase steels with a reasonable level of formability.

ObjectiveTo assess temporal clinical and budget impacts of changes in atrial fibrillation (AF)-related prescribing in England.MethodsData on AF prevalence, AF-related stroke incidence and prescribing for all National Health Service general practices, hospitals and registered patients with hospitalised AF-related stroke in England were obtained from national databases. Stroke care costs were based on published data. We compared changes in oral anticoagulation prescribing (warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)), incidence of hospitalised AF-related stroke, and associated overall and per-patient costs in the periods January 2011–June 2014 and July 2014–December 2017.ResultsBetween 2011–2014 and 2014–2017, recipients of oral anticoagulation for AF increased by 86.5% from 1 381 170 to 2 575 669. The number of patients prescribed warfarin grew by 16.1% from 1 313 544 to 1 525 674 and those taking DOACs by 1452.7% from 67 626 to 1 049 995. Prescribed items increased by 5.9% for warfarin (95% CI 2.9% to 8.9%) but by 2004.8% for DOACs (95% CI 1848.8% to 2160.7%). Oral anticoagulation prescription cost rose overall by 781.2%, from £87 313 310 to £769 444 028, (£733,466,204 with warfarin monitoring) and per patient by 50.7%, from £293 to £442, giving an incremental cost of £149. Nevertheless, as AF-related stroke incidence fell by 11.3% (95% CI −11.5% to −11.1%) from 86 467 in 2011–2014 to 76 730 in 2014–2017 with adjustment for AF prevalence, the overall per-patient cost reduced from £1129 to £840, giving an incremental per-patient saving of £289.ConclusionsDespite nearly one million additional DOAC prescriptions and substantial associated spending in the latter part of this study, the decline in AF-related stroke led to incremental savings at the national level.

Job satisfaction among employees is a crucial issue in an organization and employer plays a vital role to fulfill their needs. Keeping job satisfaction high among workers can be of tremendous benefit to any organization, as happy employees will be more likely to produce work effectively. It has been assumed that personality traits can play an important role in people's dealing with the environmental issues such as work situations. By assuming this effectiveness, the main aim of this essay is to study the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction. Explaining job satisfaction by using personality traits can enlighten weather job satisfaction depends only on type of organization or on some personality traits. In this regard, present study has investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and personality traits among Iran Khodro Company expert staff. To do so personality characteristics were measured by NEO-PI-R scale and job satisfaction was measured by Job Descriptive Index (JDI scale) that filled by experts of “Iran Khodro” company (111 men and women). Pearson correlation used to analyze the data. Results show that, neuroticism/emotional stability was associated with low job satisfaction (r = −0/713, P < 0/01). Also conscientiousness (r = 0/620) and agreeableness (r = 0/476) was significantly correlated with job satisfaction (P < 0/01). But the relationship between extraversion (r = −0/025) and openness to experience (r = 0/061) with job satisfaction was not significant. In addition, the results of this study emphasis on the effective role of age (r = −0/301) and job background (r = −0/330) on job satisfaction. But relationship between sexuality (r = 0/183) and marriage (r = 0/125) with job satisfaction was not significant.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pengalaman donasi para donatur milenial muslim, dengan fokus utama untuk mengetahui rasionalitas donatur konsumen yang mendasari pengalaman donasi. Metode Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dilakukan untuk menggambarkan dinamika milenial muslim dalam memulai berdonasi, mengembangkan niat, dan mengidentifikasi alternatif penyaluran donasi. Sepuluh peserta dipilih dari Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, menggunakan purposive-sampling dengan kriteria dan persyaratan yang telah ditentukan untuk memilih partisipan. Data wawancara dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif tipe naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa altruisme dan spiritualitas mendorong pemberian sumbangan. Donatur tidak mengharapkan adanya timbal balik dari penerima, pemahaman ini kemudian dimaknai sebagai altruisme. Dari perspektif agama, donasi merupakan bentuk ketaatan kepada Tuhan dengan menjalankan apa yang diperintahkan dan hanya mengharapkan balasan-Nya. Semua partisipan adalah pemeluk agama Islam, sehingga motivasi berdasarkan nilai-nilai spiritual hanya terbatas pada keyakinan satu agama dan secara umum tidak dapat mewakili banyak keyakinan. Temuan selanjutnya, ada transformasi donasi dari donasi langsung, ke lembaga donor dan yang terbaru melalui teknologi digital yang bisa menjadi fokus penelitian di masa depan. Kata Kunci: Altruisme, Perilaku Donasi, Donatur Milenial, Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis. ABSTRACT This study explores the donation experience of Muslim millennial donors, with the main focus on discovering the consumer donor rationality underlying donation experience. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method was conducted to depict the dynamics of Muslim millennials in starting a money donation, developing intention, and identifying the alternative distribution for donations. Ten participants were chosen from Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, using purposive sampling with predetermined criteria and requirements for selecting participants. The interview data were then analyzed using a narrative type of descriptive qualitative technique. The research results show that altruism and spirituality encourage donation-making. Donors do not expect any reciprocity from the recipient; this understanding is interpreted as altruism. From a religious perspective, this is a form of the donor's obedience to God by carrying out what was ordered and only expecting the reward. All participants are adherents of Islam, so motivation based on spiritual values only focuses on the beliefs of one religion and cannot generally represent many beliefs. Further findings show a transformation of donations from direct donations to donor agencies and, most recently, through digital technology, focusing on future research. Keywords: Altruism, Donation Behavior, Millennial Donor, Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis. REFERENCES Anik, L., Aknin, L. B., Norton, M. I., & Dunn, E. W. (2009). Feeling good about giving: The benefits (and costs) of self-interested charitable behavior. Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Working Paper, 10-012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1444831 Aufa S, F. N. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan donatur dalam menyalurkan infaq via social networking site (SNS) (Studi pada masyarakat kota Malang). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 7(1), 1-11. Bjalkebring, P., Västfjäll, D., Dickert, S., & Slovic, P. (2016). Greater emotional gain from giving in older adults: Age-related positivity bias in charitable giving. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00846 Charities Aid Foundation. (2021). CAF world giving index 2021: A global pandemic special report. Retrieved from https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-research/cafworldgivingindex2021_report_web2_100621.pdf Choy, K., & Schlagwein, D. (2016). Crowdsourcing for a better world: On the relation between IT affordances and donor motivations in charitable crowdfunding. Information Technology & People, 29(1), 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2014-0215 Eveland, V. B., & Crutchfield, T. N. (2007). Understanding why people do not give: Strategic funding concerns for aids-related nonprofits. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.7 Hua, X., Huang, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Current practices, new insights, and emerging trends of financial technologies. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 119(7), 1401-1410. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2019-0431 Kashif, M., Jamal, K. F., & Rehman, M. A. (2018). The dynamics of zakat donation experience among Muslims: A Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2016-0006 La Kahija, Y. F. (2017). Penelitian fenomenologis jalan memahami pengalaman hidup. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Liu, L., Suh, A., & Wagner, C. (2018). Empathy or perceived credibility? An empirical study on individual donation behavior in charitable crowdfunding. Internet Research, 28(3), 623-651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-06-2017-0240 Mustafa, M. O. A., Mohamad, M. H. S., & Adnan, M. A. (2013). Antecedents of zakat prayers’ trust in an emerging zakat sector: An exploratory study. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 4(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590811311314267 Muzikante, I., & Skuskovnika, D. (2018). Human value and atitudes towards money. Society, Integration, Education, 7, 174-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17l770/sie2018vol7.3433 Neumayr, M., & Handy, F. (2017). Charitable giving: What influences donors’ choice among different causes? Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30, 783-799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9843-3 Opoku, R.A. (2013). Examining the motivational factors behind charitable giving among young people in a prominent Islamic country. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 18(3), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.1457 Otto, P. E., & Bolle, F. (2011). Multiple facets of altruism and their influence on blood donation. Jurnal Sosio-Economics, 40(5), 558-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2011.04.010 Saksa, J. (2015). An investigation of research on altruism in recent literature of the three sectors: Public, private, and non-profit. Honors Projects, 556, 1-27. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/ honorsprojects/556 Shabbir, H., Palihawadana, D., & Thwaites, D. (2007). Determining the antecedents and consequences of donor-perceived relationship quality: A dimensional qualitative research approach. Psychology and Marketing, 24(3), 271-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20161 Smith, R. W., Faro, D., & Burson, K. A. (2013). More for the many: The influence of entitavity on charitable giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(5), 961-976. https://doi.org/ 10.1086/666470 Stebbins, E., & Hartman, R. L. (2013). Charity brand personality: Can smaller charitable organizations leverage their brand's personality to influence giving. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 18(3), 203-215. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/nvsm.1468 Teah, M., Lwin, M., & Cheah, I. (2014). Moderating role of religious beliefs on attitudes towards charities and motivation to donate. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(5), 738-760. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2014-0141 Weng, Q., & He, H. (2019). Geographic distance, income and charitable giving: Evidence from China. The Singapore Economic Review, 64(5), 1145-1169. https://doi.org/10.1142/ S0217590818500212 Wiepking, P., & James III, R. N. (2013). Why are the oldest old less generous? Explanations for the unexpected age-related drop in charitable giving. Ageing and Society, 33, 486-510. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12000062 Yardley, L. (2007). Demonstrating validity in qualitative psychology. InJ. A. Smith (Eds.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 235-251). London: Sage.

Abstract Abstract 2652 Poster Board II-628 Background: Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) following a myelodysplastic syndrome (mdsAML) or deriving as therapy-related AML (tAML) is regarded as an entity with a poor prognosis and patients are normally treated as high risk AML. However due to progress in elucidating the impact of molecular and cytogenetic markers and therefore combining biological and clinical data for prognosis and treatment outcome the aim of this analysis was to provide a prognostic scoring system for this entity by including clinical and laboratory data from patients being treated in the prospective AML96 trial of the DSIL study group. Patients and methods: A total of 318 patients with sAML (mdsAML = 239 and tAML = 79) were treated within the AML96 trial with a median follow-up for patients alive of 5.66 years (95% CI 4.426 – 6.895). All patients received double induction chemotherapy. Consolidation therapy contained high-dose cytosine arabinoside and for patients ' 60 years of age the option of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) according to donor availability. Prognostic factors for survival were analyzed in the whole group of sAML patients in a multivariate Cox regression model for overall survival (OS) stratified by treatment groups (chemo-consolidation vs. allogeneic HSCT). Model selection was performed by backward selection applying the Likelihood-Ratio-Test. Results: Complete remission (CR) rate for all patients was 30.8% (n = 96). CR rate was lower in patients with mdsAML compared to patients with tAML (25.9% vs. 44.3%, p=.003). Patients with mdsAML were older and had a higher percentage of CD34+ blasts at diagnosis but to a lower extend aberrant karyotypes than patients with tAML. OS and disease free survival (DFS) at three years for all patients was 15.8% and 20.6%, respectively. While disease status (mdsAML vs. tAML) had no independent influence on survival, the dichotomized prognostic factors platelet count in the peripheral blood at diagnosis [HR = 0.535 (95% CI .415 – .689), p=<.000] as well as the NPM1 mutational status in the bone marrow at diagnosis [HR = 0.572 (95% CI .351 – .933), p=.025] were detected as independent predictors for overall survival. By combining these two variables, a prognostic model for OS with two risk groups for patients with sAML could be established with the low risk group being NPM1 positive or having platelets of >50 Gpt/l at diagnosis and the high risk group being NPM1 negative and having platelets of '50 Gpt/l at diagnosis. Three year OS for patients who received chemo-consolidation in the low risk group was 19.9% [95% CI = .128 - .270] and for patients in the high risk group 5.1% [95% CI = .014 - .088], p<.001. For patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT in first CR belonging to the low risk group the three year OS was 53.8% [95% CI = .346 - .730] and for patients in the high risk group 15.4% [95% CI = .000 - .35], p<.001. Conclusions: For patients with sAML we provide a new prognostic model for risk stratification: 1) NPM1+ or Platelets >50 Gpt/l defining a low risk group and 2) NPM1- and Platelets ' 50 Gpt/l defining a high risk group. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

During October 2009, the occurrence of a disease on soybean (Glycine max) was observed in several fields in Boluo County and Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province. Top leaves of infected plants initially turned yellow and plants eventually were defoliated, while stems and roots became black and rotted. The stem lesions sometimes extended 10 to 15 cm upward from the soil surface. Orange-to-brown spherical fruiting bodies, which were very similar with those of the soybean red crown rot pathogen, scattered or congregated on the stem lesions. Plants with symptoms were sampled from fields. Fruiting bodies were excised from diseased tissues. Microscopic examination revealed that they were perithecia, globose to pyriform, ostiolate with a short neck, and measured 160 to 298 × 151 to 235 μm. Under gentle pressure, asci and ascospores were exuded from these perithecia. Asci were eight spored, narrowly cylindrical to clavate, thin walled, with a short stalk, and measured 58 to 124 μm long and 8 to 15 μm in diameter. Ascospores were uniseriately arranged, globose to ellipsoid, thick walled, one celled, hyaline to pale, and measured 14 to 17 × 8 to 12 μm. Isolation was made from stem tissues at the edge of disease lesions on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25°C. Mycelia were white and floccose. Conidia were cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoidal, hyaline, one celled, and measured 6 to 22 × 2 to 5 μm, aggregating in a slimy mass on the apex of the conidiogenous cell. Abundant orange-to-brown spherical perithecia were produced on the colony. Ascospores had walls with a rugose ornamentation that could be clearly seen under a scanning electron microscope. The fungus was identified as Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta (anamorph Acremonium sp.) (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of two isolates were amplified with universal primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JF705861 and JF705862), and comparisons with GenBank accessions showed 99% similarity with N. vasinfecta strain Pec070 (Accession No. FJ940902) and strain NRRL22497 (Accession No. AY381142). Pathogenicity tests were conducted. Five, 3-week-old seedlings of soybean cv. Huaxia No. 3 planted in plastic pots (20 cm in diameter) were wounded with a needle at the base of the stem below the soil line and near the root system, and then inoculated by drenching the soil with a conidial suspension (105 per ml). Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. There were six replicates for each treatment. The treated plants were incubated at 25 ± 2°C in a greenhouse. All inoculated plants exhibited symptoms of leaf yellowing and black rot of stems and roots 3 weeks after inoculation. N. vasinfecta var. vasinfecta was reisolated from the diseased plants. All control plants remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of Neocosmospora stem rot of soybean in China. The pathogen could pose a threat to soybean, which is a major crop in China. This disease has been previously reported in the United States though the anamorph of the pathogen has either not been identified or has been identified as a Cylindrocarpon sp. (2,4). This fungus is also associated with human infections (3). References: (1) P. F. Cannon and D. L. Hawksworth. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 82:673, 1984. (2) F. A. Gray et al. Plant Dis. 64:321, 1980. (3) P. Manikandan et al. Med. Mycol. 46:279, 2008. (4) D. V. Phillips. Phytopathology 62:612, 1972.

European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an emerging crop for export, mainly in southern Chile. Stem cankers and dieback of twigs on six-year-old European hazelnut cultivar Barcelona were observed during the 2012 growing season on plantations in Panguipulli (39° 38′ 37.12″ S and 72° 20′ 10.87″ W), Region de Los Rios, Chile. The incidence has been variable according to the place of plantation; it was estimated at approximately 15%. Cankers were characterized by brownish-gray and brown to reddish discoloration of the vascular stem system. Hazelnut plants between 1 and 3 years old developed stem basal canker, especially at conditions of high humidity and overpopulation of weeds; at critical conditions, the affected plants generally die. Small pieces of cankered stems, selected from 10 European hazelnuts, were surface sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and rinsed twice in sterile distilled water prior to incubation in a humid chamber for 7 days (25 ± 2°C) to stimulate production of reproductive bodies. Black sub-epidermal perithecia with unitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, 8-spored asci (n = 20) were obtained. Ascospores were septated, hyaline, multigutulate, and slightly constricted at the septum, the average measurements were (n = 20) 13.4 ± 0.6 μm × 3.9 ± 0.2 μm. The ascospores were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for 6 days at 25°C in the dark, then hyphal tips were transferred to fresh PDA and obtained a mycelia with white, cottony, and sparse colonies. Pycnidia and smooth, unicellular, hyaline, and biguttulate alpha conidia of 6.1 to 7.2 μm × 2.8 to 3.1 μm (n = 40) were observed. Beta conidia were not observed in culture media. Mature pycnidia were also detected on hazelnut shells remaining on the soil from the previous season. The identification of the species (isolate IMI-501237) was confirmed at CABI, United Kingdom, using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS), rDNA, BLASTn analysis of the 524-bp fragment, and showed 100% identity with Diaporthe australafricana Crous & J.M. van Niekerk (accessions KC343039, KC343038). These molecular and morphological characteristics were similar that reported from Vitis vinifera (2) and Chilean blueberry (3). The sequence obtained was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JX316218.1). A pathogenicity test was conducted with isolate IMI-501237 on four 1-year-old plants from the hazelnut cultivar Barcelona. Plants were maintained in individual bags in greenhouse conditions (14/10 h dark/light, 20°C; 70% relative humidity). Prior to inoculation, plant tissues were surface disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with sterile distilled water. Each plant was inoculated at fresh wound sites on three stems and three vegetative buds on twigs. The inoculum consisted of an agar plug with mycelia (5 mm) from the edge of an actively growing colony cultured on PDA for 6 days. Each inoculation was covered with moistened cotton and sealed with Parafilm; a control plant was inoculated in the same way with agar only. After 30 days, necrotic lesions and discolored vascular tissue were only observed on inoculated stems and twigs. Symptomatic tissues were removed and incubated on PDA. D. australafricana was consistently recovered from these tissues, satisfying Koch's postulates. The control plant showed no symptoms of the disease. D. australafricana were previously reported on Vitis vinifera in Australia and South Africa (2,4), and Vaccinium corymbosum in Chile (1,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Diaporthe australafricana on Corylus avellana cultivar Barcelona in worldwide. References: (1) K. Elfar et al. Plant Dis. 97:1042, 2013. (2) R. Gomes et al. Persoonia 31:1, 2013. (3) B. Latorre et al. Plant Dis. 96:5, 2012. (4) J. M. van Niekerk et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 34:27, 2005.

Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for 2- and 4-nitrophenoxide salts of silver(I) and thallium(I), M(2-np) and Tl(4-np) (anhydrous), and Ag(4-np).H2O. Ag(2-np) is monoclinic, P21/c, a 9·012(4), b 5·743(5), c 12·594(5) Å, β 104·34(4)°, Z = 4; conventional R on |F| was 0·042 for No 1378 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. Tl(2-np) is monoclinic, C2/c, a 27·250(3), b 3·712(1), c 15·147(3) Å, β 114·41(1)°, Z = 8, R 0·025 for No 1346. Ag(4-np).H2O is monoclinic, P21/a, a 5·613(6), b 13·191(7), c 9·844(5) Å, β 92·50(6)°, Z = 4, R 0 ·033 for No 622. Tl(4-np) is tetragonal, I 41/a, a 18·037(8), c 8·979(8) Å, Z = 16, R 0·043 for No 924. An acid salt of the latter, Tl(4-np).(4-npH)3, triclinic, P-1, a 11·861(8), b 11·45(1), c 11· 423(1) Å, α 114·00(6), β 109·78(5), γ 96·87(7)°, Z = 2, R 0·042 for No 3814, is isomorphous with its rubidium analogue. These comprise a novel array of structures: although the structures of the silver(I) complexes are two-dimensional sheets with familiar head-tail connecting ligands, a strong silver-aromatic carbon interaction is found in Ag(2-np) (Ag–C 2·496(5) Å). Tl(2-np) and Tl(4-np) both present unusual forms related to the stair-polymer and cubane adducts found in 1 : 1 coinage metal(I)/halide-unidentate nitrogen base adducts; Tl(2-np) is a double-stranded stair-polymer array, with the phenoxide oxygen atoms incorporated in the stair and the nitro oxygen atoms linking successive thallium atoms. The structure of Tl(4-np) is based on a tetranuclear cubane motif of -4 symmetry, [Tl(O-phenoxide)]4, these being linked into a three-dimensional network by further Tl · · · O-nitro interactions from adjacent units. The structure of silver(I) picrate monohydrate, isomorphous with its sodium counterpart, is also recorded: monoclinic, C 2/m, a 12·818(7), b 20·208(8), c 3· 741(1) Å, β 88·25(3)°, Z = 4, R 0·047 for No 1042, void of any significant Ag · · · C contacts.

Abstract Background: The RS assay is a validated prognosticator/predictor of chemotherapy (CT) benefit in ER+ HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer (BC). It is offered to pts irrespective of BRCA1/2 status. We compared RS results, single-gene expression and gene group scores, between pts with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and the general BC pt population undergoing RS testing. Treatments/outcomes in the mBRCA1/2 cohort were also examined. Methods: This real-life retrospective cohort study included consecutive ER+ HER2-negative mBRCA1/2 female carriers BC pts who had RS testing in 2004-2015. RS and gene expression data were compared to a previously described commercial use database (DB) (J Surg Oncol. 2020;122:611). Chi-square test and 1-sample t-test were used to compare RS distribution and single gene/gene group scores, respectively, between the cohort and the DB. Independent sample t-test was used to compare gene expression/gene group scores across pt subgroups within the mBRCA1/2 cohort. Fisher’s test/logistic regression were used to identify variables associated with distant recurrence in the mBRCA1/2 cohort. Results: The analysis included 81 pts in the mBRCA1/2 cohort and 799,986 BC samples in the DB. Age at diagnosis was younger in the mBRCA1/2 pts vs the DB (median [IQR], 56 [47-61.5] vs 60 [51-67] yrs; P&lt;.001). In mBRCA1 and mBRCA2 pts (32 and 48 pts, respectively; for 1 pt, the BRCA gene involved was unknown), RS distribution shifted towards the high RS category when compared to the DB (Table). Comparing single-gene expression and gene group scores in mBRCA1 pts vs the DB, revealed statistically significant differences in 12 of the 16 cancer genes in the RS assay, and in 2 gene group scores, all in a direction contributing to higher RS results. Similar analysis with mBRCA2 pts, revealed significant differences in expression of 10 genes and 3 gene group scores, all in a direction contributing to higher RS results. The only statistically significant difference in gene expression between the mBRCA1 and mBRCA2 pts was in the ESR (higher in mBRCA2 pts; P=.0407) and MYBL2 gene (higher in mBRCA1 pts; P=.0365) (Table). Of the 32 mBRCA1 pts, 18 (56%) received CT (RS 0-25, 1/14 [7%]; RS 26-100, 17/18 [94%]; treatment information was unavailable for 1 pt). Of the 48 mBRCA2 pts, 19 (40%) received CT (RS 0-25, 5/27 [19%]; RS 26-100, 14/21 [67%]). With a median (IQR) follow up of 8.2 (5.6-9.7) yrs from diagnosis, 9 pts had distant recurrence (1 mBRCA1 pt, 8 mBRCA2 pts). Their median RS result was 25 (range, 16-41), and 4 received adjuvant CT. No statistically significant differences were observed between these 9 pts and the 72 non-recurring pts in terms of pt/disease characteristics and CT treatment. A trend towards significance was observed with respect to the BRCA gene involved (recurrence rate of 3.1% in mBRCA1 pts vs 16.7% in mBRCA2 pts, P=.078). A statistically significant association was found between the proliferation and invasion gene group scores and the odds of having distant recurrence (proliferation group score: odds ratio [OR], 23.60 [95% CI, 1.4-397], P=.0281; invasion group score: OR, 5.1 [95% CI, 1.1-23], P=.0339). The ER and HER2 gene groups scores were not associated with distant recurrence. Conclusions: Both mBRCA1 and mBRCA2 carriers are characterized by higher RS results that stem from a distinct gene expression profile of most genes in the RS assay. Single Gene Expression and Gene Group Scores vs the Commercial Use DB Citation Format: Rinat Yerushalmi, Adi Pomerantz, Ron Lewin, Shani Paluch-Shimon, Lior Soussan-Gutman, Frederick Baehner, Hillary Voet, Avital Bareket-Samish, Inbal Kedar, Yael Goldberg, Tamar Peretz-Yablonski, Luna Kadouri. ER+ HER2-negative mBRCA1/2 carriers breast cancer patients (n=81): Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization via the 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score (RS) test vs the general RS-tested population (799,986 samples) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-59.

Parents play an important role in the development of their children. This research reflects the role of parents in developing children. Through four stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and acceptable results, this method uses a systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. The findings from the fourteen articles examined show that parenting skills play an important role in a child's growth and development from birth to death. The determining factor in the development of physical, motoric, moral, language, social-emotional, and life skills aspects is the role of both parents as important teachers for children from birth to adulthood. Parents can also use a variety of parenting strategies and skills, many of which they have learned throughout their lives and passed on to their children, to help their children grow. 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