Academic literature on the topic '621.31, 681.51'

Objetivou-se identificar e quantificar indicadores-referência de sistemas de produção de leite no Extremo Sul da Bahia. Analisaram-se o perfil tecnológico e os indicadores zootécnicos, econômicos e de tamanho de nove empresas. Foram determinados os coeficientes de correlação dos indicadores com a taxa de remuneração do capital investido. Após a identificação dos indicadores que apresentaram correlação, foram geradas equações de regressão para cada indicador em função da taxa de remuneração do capital investido para quantificar os indicadores-referência em quatro cenários de taxa de remuneração do capital investido (4, 6, 8 e 10% ao ano). Os indicadores correlacionados e seus respectivos valores nos quatro cenários foram: produção diária de leite (456, 538, 621 e 703 L/dia); produtividade da terra (733, 1.008, 1.284 e 1.559 L/ha/ano); vacas em lactação por área (0,37; 0,45; 0,54 e 0,62 vacas/ha); produtividade por total de vacas (3,01; 3,52; 4,03 e 4,54 L/vaca/dia); relação de vacas em lactação pelo total do rebanho (24, 27, 30 e 33%); produtividade da mão-de-obra (111, 124, 137 e 150 L/dia-homem), participação do custo operacional efetivo da atividade na renda bruta da atividade (60, 57, 54 e 51%); participação do custo operacional total da atividade na renda bruta da atividade (72, 66, 60, 54%); gasto com mão-de-obra em relação à renda bruta do leite (31, 27, 22 e 18%); capital investido na atividade em relação à produção diária de leite (2.093, 1.508, 924 e 339 R$/L-dia). A identificação de indicadores-referência em sistemas reais de produção de leite, caracterizando aqueles mais diretamente correlacionados à eficiência econômica, é uma importante ferramenta de apoio gerencial e pode trazer esclarecimentos para o debate sobre a viabilidade econômica de sistemas de produção de leite.

Abstract Background - Point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain are associated with resistance to TKI therapy. The most recent (2013) European Leukemia Net (ELN) recommendations have re(de)fined the criteria for failure in pts receiving 1st-line and 2nd-line TKI therapy and introduced the concept of warning. Assessing in how many CML patients with failure and warning mutations can be identified, especially now that more sensitive NGS-based mutation screening methods are available, would advance our knowledge of the biology of TKI resistance as well as contribute useful data to revise the ELN recommendations as to when and how BCR-ABL mutation analysis should be performed. Aims - We aimed to determine the frequency of BCR-ABL mutations as assessed by NGS vs conventional Sanger sequencing (SS) in CML pts with failure and warning to 1st- or 2nd-line TKI therapy as per the latest, 2013 ELN definitions. Methods - Between May 2013 and June 2015, 298 consecutive CML pts on TKI therapy were referred to our laboratory for BCR-ABL mutation screening by SS. One hundred and fifty-eight cases had no clinical data available, or were not in CP, or were receiving ≥3rd-line TKI therapy, or had confirmed/suspected nonadherence, or had experienced dose reductions for toxicity - leaving 140 pts who could be included in this study. Pts who were negative for mutations as determined by SS (n=105/140) were retrospectively reanalyzed by NGS on a Roche GS Junior, using a protocol already set up and optimized in the framework of the IRON II (Interlaboratory RObustness of NGS) international consortium. Sequencing depth allowed to achieve a lower mutation detection limit of 1% in all samples. Results - Failures and warnings to 1st-line therapy (imatinib, n=57; nilotinib, n=22; dasatinib, n=13) were 63 and 29, respectively. BCR-ABL mutations were found in 15/63 (24%) failures and 3/29 (10%) warnings by SS (Table 1). NGS reanalysis of the 74 pts with no evidence of mutations by SS revealed low burden (median, 6.6%; range, 1.5-11.7%) mutations in 6 failures and 1 warning, so that, overall, 21/63 (33%) failures and 4/29 (14%) warnings turned out to have mutations (Table 1). Mutations were E462K, E279K, K262R, F359I, E255K, F317L, K378R, A399T, L364I, V280A. No compound mutation was detected. Failures and warnings to 2nd-line therapy (nilotinib, n=27; dasatinib, n=21) were 35 and 13, respectively. SS identified mutations in 13/35 (37%) failures and 2/13 (15%) warnings (Table 1). NGS reanalysis of the 33 pts with no evidence of mutations by SS revealed low burden (median, 5.4%; range, 1.9-10.0%) mutations in 5 failures and 2 warnings, so that, overall, 18/35 (51%) failures and 4/13 (31%) warnings turned out to have mutations (Table 1). Mutations were T315I, E255V, F317I, E258D, P480L, Y393C, W261L, L370P, V371A, L324Q, again with no compound mutations. Table.All ptsPts positive for mutations by SSAdditional pts positive for mutations by NGSTotal pts positive for mutations1ST -LINE FAILURESNo CyR @ 3 mo9101BCR-ABL>10% @ 6 mo9000mCyR @ 6 mo1101BCR-ABL>1% @ 12 mo10022No CCyR @ 12 mo2101Loss of CCyR7314Loss of MMR20639Loss of CHR2101Progression to BP3202Total6315 (24%)621 (33%)1ST -LINE WARNINGSBCR-ABL>10% @ 3 mo7101BCR-ABL>1% @ 6 mo10112BCR-ABL>0.1% @ 12 mo12101Total293 (10%)14 (14%)2ND -LINE FAILURESNo CyR @ 3 mo3112BCR-ABL>10% @ 6 mo10224Loss of CCyR7303Loss of MMR6123Loss of CHR4303Progression to BP5303Total3513 (37%)518 (51%)2ND -LINE WARNINGSBCR-ABL>10% @ 3 mo6202BCR-ABL>0.1% @ 12 mo7022Total132 (15%)24 (31%) Conclusions 1) NGS allowed to identify BCR-ABL mutations in a greater proportion of cases as compared to SS. Low burden mutations included a T315I mutation in 2 pts on 2nd-line therapy classified as warnings: this would have turned them into failures. 2) Still, a substantial proportion of cases was found to not harbor any mutation, even when using a more sensitive NGS-based method. In particular, non-optimal achievement of the key molecular response milestones (10%, 1%, 0.1%) on 1st-line therapy was mostly not associated with BCR-ABL mutations, indicating that other mechanisms of molecular disease persistence have to be investigated in an attempt to optimize therapeutic outcomes. A national, multicenter study ('NEXT-IN-CML') aimed at the prospective assessment of NGS for routine BCR-ABL mutation screening of CML patients has just started. Supported by ELN, AIL, AIRC, FP7 NGS-PTL project, Progetto Regione-Università 2010-12 (L. Bolondi) Disclosures Soverini: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Castagnetti:BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; ARIAD: Consultancy, Honoraria. Bonifacio:Ariad Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Novartis Farma: Research Funding. Saglio:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; ARIAD: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria. Rosti:Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Baccarani:NOVARTIS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; PFIZER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Martinelli:Pfizer: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; ROCHE: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AMGEN: Consultancy; MSD: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy.

7066 Background: Subcutaneous omacetaxine mepesuccinate (OMA), a first-in-class cephalotaxine, inhibits protein synthesis independent of Bcr-Abl signaling. It showed clinical activity in 2 phase II, open-label CML trials, 1 in patients with a T315I Bcr-Abl mutation failing imatinib, and 1 in patients failing ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods: This post hoc analysis pooled patients with chronic phase (CP) or accelerated phase (AP) from the 2 trials. 28-day cycles of OMA 1.25 mg/m2BID were given ≤14 days for induction, ≤7 days as maintenance with dose delay/change as needed. Primary endpoints were major cytogenetic response (MCyR) for CP and complete hematologic response (CHR) for AP. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Results: Of 108 CP and 51 AP patients from the 2 trials, 31 (29%) CP and 7 (14%) AP patients received ≥12 cycles (Table). At baseline in the ≥12-cycle groups, most CP (median age 59 y) and AP patients (median age 67 y) had received hydroxyurea (17/31, 4/7) and ≥2 TKIs (22/31, 5/7), were not in CHR (22/31, 5/7), and were T315I positive (23/31, 3/7). As of March 31, 2012, 9 CP and 2 AP patients continued OMA treatment. Overall, mean days dosed per cycle were 6.1 for CP, 9.7 for AP; 5.3 and 8.9 at cycle 12. Grade 3/4 AEs occurred in 35/38 patients in this post hoc analysis, most in early cycles; 15/31 CP, 2/7 AP had grade ≥3 AEs first occurring at ≥12 cycles. Across all cycles, most common grade ≥3 AEs were thrombocytopenia (24/31 CP, 5/7 AP), anemia (16/31, 7/7), and neutropenia (17/31, 3/7).Nine patients receiving ≥12 cycles (5/31, 4/7) discontinued, most commonly due to disease progression (n=2). Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis of heavily pretreated CML-CP and CML-AP patients who had failed prior TKI therapy, efficacy was often durable for those who received OMA for ≥12 cycles. Most grade 3/4 AEs were hematologic and declined with time. Support: Teva BPP R and D, Inc. Clinical trial information: NCT00375219, NCT00462943.

Several species of Aporcelaimellus collected in natural areas in California, USA, are characterised on the basis of morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Two new species are identified and described here. Aporcelaimellus californicus sp. n. is characterised by its body length of 2.46-3.42 mm, lip region offset by constriction and 24-26 μm broad, odontostyle 23-24 μm long, neck 611-765 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 50-52% of total neck length, a dorsal cellular mass present at level of cardia, uterus simple and 246-408 μm long, V = 53-58, short conoid tail (43-50 μm, c = 56-71, c′ = 0.8-1.0) with a large hyaline portion occupying more than half of its total length, spicules 98 μm long, and 8-9 spaced ventromedian supplements. Aporcelaimellus salicinus sp. n. is distinguished by its body length of 1.45-1.94 mm, lip region offset by deep constriction and 16-18 μm broad, odontostyle 18-20 μm long, neck 393-521 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 45-51% of total neck length, presence of a dorsal cellular mass at level of cardia, uterus simple and 21-45 μm long, V = 51-57, tail conical to conoid (31-38 μm, c = 39-59, c′ = 1.0-1.4), and male unknown. Measurements, sequences and taxonomic comments are provided for the other three Aporcelaimellus species. Californian Aporcelaimellus display a notable morphological homogeneity but a remarkable molecular diversity, putting into question the monophyly of this group.

Background. Disorders connected with the musculoskeletal and central nervous system dysfunction are the most significant clinical problem worldwide. Our earlier research has shown that back and spinal disorders and lumbar disc disorders were most frequently diagnosed using MRI scanner at the University Clinical Hospital (UCH) in Olsztyn in years 2011–2015. We have also observed that another two diseases of spinal column, spondylosis and cervical disc disorders, were also very prevalent. The main objective of this work was to analyze the prevalence of spondylosis and cervical disc disorders in the study population diagnosed at UCH in years 2011–2015. Methods. The digital database including patients’ diagnostic and demographic information was generated based on MRI reports from years 2011–2015 and analyzed using SPSS software. Results. Within the study group (n=13298) the most frequently MRI-diagnosed diseases were musculoskeletal group (M00–M99; n=7711; 57,98%) and cervical disc disorders (M50; n=1659; 12,47%) and spondylosis (M47, n=611; 4,59%). More women (67%) than men (33%) were enrolled in the study, and the largest fraction of the study population was in the range of 51–60 years, with about 1/3 of cases of both diseases diagnosed in early age range of 31–40 years. Conclusion. Significant number of patients presenting with either of the spine disorders at the young age of 31–40 years points to the necessity of introducing methods preventing disorders of the vertebral column at younger age, preferably at school age.

ObjectiveIBD prevalence is estimated to be rising, but no detailed, recent UK data are available. The last reported prevalence estimate in the UK was 0.40% in 2003. We aimed to establish the current, and project future, prevalence in Lothian, Scotland.DesignWe conducted an all-age multiparameter search strategy using inpatient IBD international classification of disease (ICD-10) coding (K50/51)(1997–2018), IBD pathology coding (1990–2018), primary and secondary care prescribing data (2009–2018) and a paediatric registry, (1997–2018) to identify ‘possible’ IBD cases up to 31/08/2018. Diagnoses were manually confirmed through electronic health record review as per Lennard-Jones/Porto criteria. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) regression was applied to forecast prevalence to 01/08/2028.ResultsIn total, 24 601 possible IBD cases were identified of which 10 499 were true positives. The point prevalence for IBD in Lothian on 31/08/2018 was 784/100 000 (UC 432/100 000, Crohn’s disease 284/100 000 and IBD unclassified (IBDU) 68/100 000). Capture–recapture methods identified an additional 427 ‘missed’ cases (95% CI 383 to 477) resulting in a ‘true’ prevalence of 832/100 000 (95% CI 827 to 837).Prevalence increased by 4.3% per year between 2008 and 2018 (95% CI +3.7 to +4.9%, p<0.0001). ARIMA modelling projected a point prevalence on 01/08/2028 of 1.02% (95% CI 0.97% to 1.07%) that will affect an estimated 1.53% (95% CI 1.37% to 1.69%) of those >80 years of age.ConclusionsWe report a rigorously validated IBD cohort with all-age point prevalence on 31/08/2018 of 1 in 125, one of the highest worldwide.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency has been strongly associated with various health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Chronic vitamin D deficiency in adults and in old age results in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fall and long bone fractures. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We examined records of 1029 such patients and to analyze association of vitamin d-3 levels and categories of age groups (1-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, 81-90 years). We categorized mild, moderate and severe cases age wise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period records for 1029 patients were evaluated, of which 347 (33.72%) male and 682 (66.27) were female the mean age with standard deviation for male was 38.25±15.64 years and for female was 41.43±15.23 years. Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/ml) was present in 623 patients (61%), 189 patients (18%) had vitamin D level 20-30 ng/ml and 217 patients (21%) had sufficient levels of vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study concludes that although there is high prevalence of vitamin D-3 deficiency across all age groups among orthopedic patients, age group 31-40 years, was found to be more affected.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

Objective: Errors in cause and manner of death on death certificates are common and affect families, mortality statistics, and public health research. The primary objective of this study was to characterize errors in the cause and manner of death on death certificates completed by non–Medical Examiners. A secondary objective was to determine the effects of errors on national mortality statistics. Methods: We retrospectively compared 601 death certificates completed between July 1, 2015, and January 31, 2016, from the Vermont Electronic Death Registration System with clinical summaries from medical records. Medical Examiners, blinded to original certificates, reviewed summaries, generated mock certificates, and compared mock certificates with original certificates. They then graded errors using a scale from 1 to 4 (higher numbers indicated increased impact on interpretation of the cause) to determine the prevalence of minor and major errors. They also compared International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes on original certificates with those on mock certificates. Results: Of 601 original death certificates, 319 (53%) had errors; 305 (51%) had major errors; and 59 (10%) had minor errors. We found no significant differences by certifier type (physician vs nonphysician). We did find significant differences in major errors in place of death ( P < .001). Certificates for deaths occurring in hospitals were more likely to have major errors than certificates for deaths occurring at a private residence (59% vs 39%, P < .001). A total of 580 (93%) death certificates had a change in ICD-10 codes between the original and mock certificates, of which 348 (60%) had a change in the underlying cause-of-death code. Conclusions: Error rates on death certificates in Vermont are high and extend to ICD-10 coding, thereby affecting national mortality statistics. Surveillance and certifier education must expand beyond local and state efforts. Simplifying and standardizing underlying literal text for cause of death may improve accuracy, decrease coding errors, and improve national mortality statistics.

Abstract Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune condition characterized by autoantibody-mediated platelet destruction and suboptimal megakaryocytic production. Primarily acute (< 6 months) in duration among children, ITP manifests predominantly chronically among adults, increasing susceptibility to bleeding events. Despite recent growth, published literature on health-related quality of life in ITP remains limited. The objective of our investigation was to identify lifestyle concerns associated with ITP among adult and pediatric patients in the United Kingdom. In collaboration with ITP specialists, a 43 question, closed-field lifestyle survey was developed, addressing social engagement, work and school performance, sports and activities, treatment, and travel. Patient members of the United Kingdom ITP Support Association (N = 1,767) were asked to complete and return mailed surveys. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate differences in dichotomized variables between groups. 790 (45%) completed surveys were returned. As illustrated in the table below, roughly one-quarter of adults (≥ 16 years) and one-fifth of children reported ‘always’, ‘sometimes’, or ‘often’ missing school or work owing to fatigue and having encountered difficulty obtaining insurance. Nearly one-third of adults further revealed having an elective surgery delayed owing to a low platelet count. Disparities were noted across gender with regard to bruise concealment (adults: p < 0.01; children: p = 0.03) and suspicions of subjection to violence (adults: p < 0.01; children: p = 0.49). In contrast with adults, pediatric patients reported being more likely to having requests for referral denied (p = 0.03). This study represents the largest quality of life investigation of ITP to date. Although the survey utilized remains to be validated, its findings nonetheless successfully highlight avenues for future investigation. Subgroups: ‘Yes’ % Adults Children Question Total ‘Yes’ % N = 790 Male N = 199 Female N = 497 Male N = 51 Female N = 43 [1] Total number of responses recorded for the given question. Have you ever been unable to go to work or school because of tiredness and fatigue? 29% 710[1] 26% 186 31% 435 20% 49 30% 40 Have you had difficulty obtaining or been refused travel and life insurance? 29% 611 30% 540 18% 71 Have you ever had surgery (other than splenectomy for ITP) postponed or delayed because of a low platelet count? 30% 620 34% 158 30% 391 13% 39 19% 32 Do you try to hide your bruises? 29% 756 10% 190 37% 475 20% 50 42% 41 Are people ever suspicious that the bruises are a result of physical violence? 17% 750 5% 193 19% 468 31% 49 38% 40 Have you ever been refused a referral to an ITP specialist or hospital of 5% 574 3% 144 4% 358 10% 41 10% 31

Purpose A previous Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study (S9429) demonstrated efficacy and tolerability of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in poor-risk stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluated adding consolidation paclitaxel after chemoradiotherapy for a similar patient cohort. Patients and Methods Patients with histologically/cytologically determined stage III NSCLC were eligible based on performance status (PS) 2 and either low albumin or weight loss more than 10%, poor pulmonary function, or comorbidities precluding cisplatin use. Treatment was carboplatin 200 mg/m2 days 1, 3, 29, and 31, and etoposide 50 mg/m2 days 1 through 4, and 29 to 32. Beginning day 1, thoracic radiation was delivered at 1.8 Gy in 25 fractions plus 16-Gy boost (total dose, 61 Gy). Patients without disease progression received paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 21days for three cycles. Results Characteristics of 87 eligible patients were age 51 to 82 years; 57% PS 0 to 1, 43% PS 2; and 51% stage IIIA, 49% stage IIIB. Toxicities of concurrent chemoradiotherapy included grade 3 esophagitis (7%) and grade 3/4 neutropenia (43%). Fifty-four assessable patients received paclitaxel consolidation. Four treatment-related deaths occurred during chemoradiotherapy and four occurred during consolidation. Overall response rate was 53%. Median progression free- and overall survival were 6.1 and 10.2 months, respectively. One- and 2-year survival rates were 43% and 25%. Conclusion Compared with a previous SWOG trial in a similar patient population, the addition of consolidation paclitaxel after chemoradiotherapy resulted in increased toxicity without a survival advantage. More PS 2 patients (43% v 18%) enrolled onto S9712, which may explain increased toxicity and lack of benefit. The optimal chemoradiotherapy approach for poor-risk patients remains to be defined.

Article 50 (International cooperation) (see too recital 116); Article 51(2) (Obligation of supervisory authorities to cooperate to ensure consistency) (see too recital 124); Article 56 (Competence of lead supervisory authority) (see too recitals 124–128); Article 57(1)(g) (Tasks of supervisory authorities); Article 60 (Cooperation between lead supervisory authority and supervisory authorities concerned) (see too recitals 130–31); Article 62 (Joint operations of DPAs) (see too recital 134); Article 64(2) (Opinion of the Board in case of non-compliance with Articles 61 or 62) (see too recital 136).

<em>Abstract.—</em>Based on data from research and commercial catches collected by the Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO, Murmansk, Russia) in 1995–2005, the distribution, habitat conditions, size and sex parameters, and feeding of the roughhead grenadier, <em>Macrourus berglax</em>, in the Barents Sea were studied. This species occurs along the continental slope mainly at depths greater than 400 m, water temperatures between 0.5–3.5°C, and salinity more than 35 ‰. Specimens from 31–51 cm and 46–61 cm TL for males and females, respectively, were the most abundant in research trawl catches. Larger fish dominated in commercial catches, 46–65 cm in trawl fisheries and 51–60 cm on longline fisheries. The sex ratio was equal in research trawl catches; however, females dominated in commercial catches. Polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish dominated the diet of this species. In the Barents Sea the species is taken only as bycatch, averaging scarcely over 2 % of the total. The total annual Russian catch of roughhead grenadier was usually less than 40 tons during the period of 1996–2004.

<em>Abstract.—</em>Based on data from research and commercial catches collected by the Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO, Murmansk, Russia) in 1995–2005, the distribution, habitat conditions, size and sex parameters, and feeding of the roughhead grenadier, <em>Macrourus berglax</em>, in the Barents Sea were studied. This species occurs along the continental slope mainly at depths greater than 400 m, water temperatures between 0.5–3.5°C, and salinity more than 35 ‰. Specimens from 31–51 cm and 46–61 cm TL for males and females, respectively, were the most abundant in research trawl catches. Larger fish dominated in commercial catches, 46–65 cm in trawl fisheries and 51–60 cm on longline fisheries. The sex ratio was equal in research trawl catches; however, females dominated in commercial catches. Polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish dominated the diet of this species. In the Barents Sea the species is taken only as bycatch, averaging scarcely over 2 % of the total. The total annual Russian catch of roughhead grenadier was usually less than 40 tons during the period of 1996–2004.

ESTA PESQUISA TEVE COMO OBJETIVO ANALISAR TRABALHOS ACADÊMICOS EM ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA (2005-2014) QUE TENHAM A SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA (SD) COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO PARA ABORDAR OS DIFERENTES CONTEÚDOS BIOLÓGICOS. AS PESQUISAS FORAM EXTRAÍDAS DAS PLATAFORMAS ELETRÔNICAS DOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E REALIZADA A SISTEMATIZAÇÃO COM BASE EM ALGUNS DESCRITORES. COMO RESULTADOS, FORAM IDENTIFICADAS 876 TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES EM ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA, SENDO A SD A SEGUNDA METODOLOGIA MAIS UTILIZADA NAS PESQUISAS. DOS 31 TRABALHOS QUE UTILIZARAM A SD DESTACAMOS QUE 51% SÃO DISSERTAÇÕES DE MESTRADO ACADÊMICO, 70% FORAM DESENVOLVIDOS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA E 61% DA PRODUÇÃO ESTÁ CONCENTRADA NO PERÍODO MAIS RECENTE, INDICANDO UMA TENDÊNCIA DE CRESCIMENTO NA UTILIZAÇÃO DESTA METODOLOGIA. ESTA PESQUISA PRETENDE CONTRIBUIR COM A DISSEMINAÇÃO DAS PESQUISAS EM ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA QUE UTILIZARAM A SD COMO METODOLOGIA, AFIM DE AUXILIAR PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA EM SUAS AULAS, ATRAVÉS DOS DIVERSOS EXEMPLOS DE APLICAÇÕES DAS SD.

Introdução: A infecção pelo papilomavirus humano entre as mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres ainda é pouco conhecida e escassos estudos apoiam a transmissão sexual entre essa população. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência e genotipagem de infecção pelo papilomavírus humano entre mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres. Métodos: Estudo descritivo que incluiu 110 mulheres que declararam fazer sexo com mulheres nos últimos 12 meses, maiores de 18 anos e residentes no interior de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevista e exame físico ginecológico entre janeiro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Apesquisa e genotipagem para o papilomavírus humano foi realizada pelo Kit XGEN MULTI HPV CHIP, que possibilita a identificação de 35 genótipos, sendo os de alto risco (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73 e 82) e baixo risco (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 81 e 84). Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. A pesquisa recebeu parecer favorável do comitê de ética local (parecer n. 3.009.410). Resultados: A maioria das participantes se autodeclarava branca (73,6%), não vivia com parceiras (86,4%), recebia penetração vaginal (92,7%) e fazia uso inconsistente de preservativo nas relações sexuais (89,1%). Aproximadamente um terço delas referiu troca de parcerias sexuais nos três meses que antecederam a coleta de dados (32,7%). A prevalência geral de papilomavírus humano foi de 56,4% e os genótipos de alto risco encontrados foram 16,18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 68, 73, 82, e de baixo risco 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 67, 70, 71, 72, 81. Conclusão: mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres possuem altas prevalências de papilomavírus humano, com destaque para os genótipos de alto risco encontrados, demonstrando sua vulnerabilidade aos agravos relacionados ao papilomavírus humano.

Introduction: Infections with human oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are globally prevalent in the adult population. Both viruses are strongly associated with several types of human carcinomas such as cervical, head and neck, nasopharyngeal and gastric. In the present study, we explored the prevalence of these two oncoviruses in the healthy population of Qatar. Methods: The study included 385 healthy blood donors that reflect diverse nationalities in the Qatari community (Qatar, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Pakistan, and India). DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and genotyping was done using PCR and nested-PCR targeting E6 and E7 as well as LMP1 genes of HPVs and EBV, respectively. Results: The age of participants (378 males and 7 females) ranged between 19 and 68 years (mean 37.12 ± 9.3 years). Our data indicate that 55% and 61% of the tested samples were HPVs and EBV positive, respectively. Moreover, we found that there was (40%) co-presence of both HPVs and EBV in our samples. The most common high-risk HPV types in Qatar included HPV 59 (55%), 31 (54%), 52 (49%), 51 (49%), 58 (47%) and 35 (46%). While, HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 38% and 36% of the samples, respectively. Notably, all samples showed multiple HPVs infections. Conclusion: Our study reveals for the first time a high prevalence of both EBV and HPVs among healthy individuals in Qatar. More significantly, most cases had multiple HPV types infection in addition to the co-presence of both viruses in a substantial proportion of the samples. Given the important possible cooperative role of these viruses in human carcinogenesis, preventive measures using available and upcoming vaccines are of paramount importance.