Journal articles: '+615.82'

1

Vázquez-Martínez, Juan Manuel, Jorge Salguero, Francisco Javier Botana, Álvaro Gómez-Parra, Severo Raúl Fernández-Vidal, and Mariano Marcos Bárcena. "Tribological Wear Analysis of Laser Surface Treated Ti6Al4V Based on Volume Lost Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.82.

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Surface modification of materials through thermal or chemical treatments and coatings development can be used to obtain improved behavior under abrasive and adhesive wear. A great variety of surface structures with different properties can be adapted to the most demanding requirements. This is due to the high number of parameters that can be controlled in each treatment, such as the technique used, the atmosphere, the use of additive elements to the base material, the thickness of the modified layers, etc., In order to monitoring more accurately the wear conditions on the alloy, tribological tests were carried out that enable to control anytime the application parameters of a process, thus generating very accurate, reliable and easier to evaluate data, than industrial machining processes. One of the most significant wear variables in the study is the change in volume of material experienced by the sample after the sliding process. This contribution aims at assessing the volume of worn material, analyzing the tribological behavior of surface treated by laser Ti6Al4V samples.

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Liu, Chao, Yuan Liang, Yajin Zhao, Shuangshuang Liu, and Chunbo Huang. "Simulation and Analysis of the Effects of Land Use and Climate Change on Carbon Dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 11617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111617.

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In a climate and land use change context, the sequestration of atmospheric carbon in urban agglomeration is key to achieving carbon emission and neutrality targets. It is thus critical to understand how various climate and land use changes impact overall carbon sequestration in large-scale city circle areas. As the largest urban agglomeration in central China, carbon dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle area have been deeply affected by rapid urbanization and climate change in the past two decades. Here, we applied monthly climate data, spatially explicit land use maps, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) images and the CASA (Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach) model to estimate the spatial and temporal changes of carbon dynamics in the Wuhan City Circle area from 2000 to 2015. We designed six different scenarios to analyze the effects of climate change and land use change on carbon dynamics. Our simulation of NPP (Net Primary Productivity) increased from 522.63 gC × m−2 to 615.82 gC × m−2 in the Wuhan City Circle area during 2000–2015. Climate change and land use change contributed to total carbon sequestration by −73.3 × 1010 gC and 480 × 1010 gC, respectively. Both precipitation and temperature had a negative effect on carbon sequestration, while radiation had a positive effect. In addition, the positive effect on carbon sequestration from afforestation was almost equal to the negative effect from urbanization between 2000 and 2015. Importantly, these findings highlight the possibility of carrying out both rapid urbanization and ecological restoration simultaneously.

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Aguado, Sergio, Jorge Santolaria, David Samper, and Juan Jose Aguilar Martín. "A Strategy for Geometric Error Characterization in Multi-Axis Machine Tool by Use of a Laser Tracker." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.22.

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This paper aims to present different methods of volumetric verification in long range machine toll with lineal and rotary axes using a commercial laser tracker as measurement system. This method allows characterizing machine tool geometric errors depending on the kinematic of the machine and the work space available during the measurement time. The kinematic of the machine toll is affected by their geometric errors, which are different depending on the number and type of movement axes. The relationship between the various geometrical errors is different from relationship obtained in machine tool whit only lineal axes. Therefore, the identification strategy should be different. In the same way, the kinematic chain of the machine tool determines determines the position of the laser tracker and available space for data capture. This paper presents the kinematic model of several machine tools with different kinematic chains use to improve the machine tool accuracy of each one by volumetric verification. Likewise, the paper thus presents a study of: the adequacy of different nonlinear optimization strategies depending on the type of axis and the usable space available.

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Dimitrov, D., Viktoria Karachorova, and Tamas Szecsi. "Accuracy and Reliability Control of Machining Operations on Machining Centres." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.32.

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During machining operations on machining centres, there are a large number of internal and external factors that act on the technological system. They generate errors that influence the manufacturing cost, productivity, and machining accuracy. The monitoring and control system developed for machining centres presented in this paper consists of 3D touch probes, a device for registering a contact between the cutting tool and workpiece, devices for measuring the geometric accuracy of the machine tool and for calibrating the touch probe in the spindle, parameterised CNC programmes, computer and software for data processing and database management. The developed system guarantees monitoring of the machining accuracy, low cost, high level of productivity, low number of preparatory work and measurements, increased reliability due to reduced scrap rate by reducing the probability of cutting tool breakage, the possibility of automating the measurements and processing the data, and wide applicability.

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Pareja, T. F., and J. L. G. Pallero. "Uncertainty Assessment in Terrestrial Laser Scanner Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.88.

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Abstract. The essential purpose of this study is to develop the measurement procedures in order toevaluate the quality of the observations carried out using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) equipment.It tries, in addition, to estimate an uncertainty value that allows the users to know the reliability of theinstrument measurements. The fundamental idea of this paper is to show the metrological control'sneed, and the quality of measure's evaluation for TLS equipment and to describe a working methodology,able to be reproducible, without the essential need of having a very complex infrastructure.

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Zhu, Xiang Heng, Yi Min Xia, Tao Ouyang, and Kai Yang. "Distribution Law of Excavating Load of TBM Disc Cutter and Cutterhead." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.22.

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Cutterheads and disc cutters are the key components of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) used to fulfill the rock-breaking task. In order to study the variation and distribution law of cutting forces induced by disc cutters on TBM cutterhead, a finite element model of rock-breaking process is established based on the extended Drucker-Prager yield criterion for rock and then the excavating process of cutterhead is simulated. The simulation results show that: in the rock fragmentation process, the rock-breaking forces are step changing; with the increase of installation radius, the vertical forces of inner and face cutters increase, while the lateral forces decrease; with the increase of installation angle, the vertical forces of edge disc cutters decrease, while the lateral forces increase; the mean total thrust and torque of cutterhead are 5418.2 kN and 1624.4 kN·m respectively, the simulation results are verified by engineering data.

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Dong, Huan Huan, Li He, and Hong Wei Lu. "The Effects of Noises in the Marr-Pirt Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.282.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of Marr-Pirt model driven by white and integrated noises. The Gaussian white noise and integrated noises are generated using the Box-Muller algorithm. It is observed that noises could change the peak value and time of the model. In addition, integrated noises have more significant impact on the model than white noise when they are under the same intensity. This reveals integrated noises can better approximate to a practical stochastic process, and deserve substantial attention.

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Yang, Han, Hai Ying Zhang, Zhi Qiang Li, and Hao Yang. "The Kitchen Vehicle Pressure Autocontrol System Based on SC-UWB Technology of Internet Things." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.382.

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This research was carried out according to the actual needs of plateau kitchen vehicle. However, these military equipments have played important roles in the military exercises, earthquake relief, and other major activities, they does need urgent improvements in the using process. Among those problems to be solved, drift distortion of pressure cooker signal transmission on account of low temperature of high altitude, inability of achieving accurate control, and untimely feedback of service demand included. The pressure automatic control system of plateau kitchen vehicle which is based on Single Carrier Ultra Wide Band (UWB) wireless technology (SC-UWB), will completely solve the above problems, and the followings are innovations of this study: Firstly, Single-carrier ultra-wideband wireless transmission technology was used in this study, which was in accordance with Chinese Standard and based on chips produced by China. This would satisfy the needs of real-time transmission in pressure and temperature information under extreme environment, and solve technical problems such as signal integrity and communicational confidentiality, and this would also eliminate technical problems such as signal distortion, hysteresis, drift, high deviation repeatability of automatic control system of plateau kitchen vehicle in extreme environment. Secondly, intelligent sensor systems were connected to the Internet of things (IOT). To develop Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) according to the management system and daily use of this equipment and to lead the equipment to have node function of access to the Internet of things, would be the foundation of all kinds of beneficial exploration in the management of Internet of things, and also the guarantee of technology standard of Internet of things in military equipment of future. Then, the existing equipment can smoothly be switched in to avoid duplication of investment.

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Wang, Bao Gui, Yan Liu, Yan Bo Song, Jian Wang, and Zhi Guang Zhang. "The Control System Design of the Pod Based on Fuzzy-PID." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.52.

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When the pod works in the air, pod can produce the overshoot and stability. To solve this problem, the study demonstrates that the fuzzy-PID was used to control the pod. Simulink simulation module of Matlab was using to establish a control system model pod exterior orientation framework to verify the simulation, anti-jamming performance and tracking performance of the system. The results show that fuzzy PID control method can make the system have good stability, noise immunity and tracking capability.

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Wang, Ke, Da Hai You, Ceng Long, Peng Xu, Ling Ling Pan, and Luo Zheng. "Power System Transient Stability Assessment Based on Critical Cutset Transient Stability Available Capacity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.80.

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Aiming at the disadvantages of converting traditional transient stability margin into power system control measures, this paper proposes a new transient stability margin characterization method based on critical cutset transient stability available capacity (TATC). Compared with traditional transient stability margin based on fault clearance time or transient energy function, TATC can directly reflects power system transient stability margin form the view of power which is more conducive for power system planning and operation personnel to grasp system transient stability state, at the same time, is also advantageous for prevention measures and emergency control measures to be developed directly according TATC. Simulation results based on IEEE50 machine 145 bus system show that the proposed TATC can effectively characterize power system transient stability margin.

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Sun, Dong, Jun Fang Ni, Jia Shan Wang, and Zhi Hua Feng. "Research on Alarming Device for Warp Stop Motions of Computer Sewing Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.84.

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Owing to spandex silks are very thin and transparent, it is very hard to spot the broken warp without alarm during sewing or weaving. Therefore, the key to solve the problem is to shutdown and alarm timely when warps break. The ways and principles of common warp stop are analyzed in this paper, a new type of warp stop motions is developed for textile purposes to avoid inconveniences and malfunctions of the traditional method. Alarming rate and stability can be improved effectively by the compact and lightweight design of drop stitches, controlling system with converting functions as well as the modified testing, protection, reset.

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Bi, Tian Shu, and Jin Meng Chen. "Study on Risk Assessment of Power Transformer Based on Life Cycle Quality Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.88.

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It has significant impact on the safe operation of the power grid for large scale power transformer. The technique is complex, and the manufacture process is long. The users always take the manufacturing supervision on spot as the quality control method. The quality is determined during the manufacturing process. The quality defects may cause serious safe problems. It has important significance to strengthen the risk assessment and prevention. The quality defects of power transformer are classified based on the fault tree analysis theory. The quality defects of power transformer from the manufacturing supervision of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) in 2012 are analyzed as examples. The manufacturing process has multiple layers and factors. The index system for comprehensive evaluation of transformer is put forward. A risk assessment model for power transformer based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation is built. The example shows that the method can estimate the risk effectively. It can provide feasible decision basis for the risk management and maintenance.

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Choumert, Johanna, and Muriel Travers. "La capitalisation immobilière des espaces verts dans la ville d'Angers." Revue économique 61, no. 5 (2010): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.615.0821.

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14

Zhang, Wen Hui, Zhe Wang, Yi Gong, Xue Hong Wu, and Yan Li Lu. "Influence of the Source and Sink Temperatures on the Experimental Research of a CO₂ Trans-Critical Refrigeration and Heat Pump System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.682.

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The performance of the CO2 trans-critical system is affected significantly not only by optimal system pressure but also by instantaneous ambient temperatures. This paper presents the results of a study carried out to elucidate the influence of the source and sink temperatures on the experimental research of a CO2 trans-critical refrigeration and heat pump system which used a new dual expansion valve and a balance CO2 liquid receiver adjustment device. The unit had been fully tested along a multistate experimental study, at various evaporating temperatures and different gas cooler outlet pressures. The results showed that: the source and sink temperatures rose from 15°C to 25°C, trans-critical CO2 systems COPH average increase of 4.4% each 5°C, but COP decrease of 6.8%. The influence of the source temperature on the chilled water outlet temperature which is less than the sink temperature. The effect of the source or sink temperature on the cooling water outlet temperature to average every 5°C to change the range of from 0.7°C to 1.9°C.

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Lv, Jin Bing, Shou Xiang Wang, and Yun Liu. "Comparative Research on Power Quality Control Technology in Distribution System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.802.

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As the power quality problem has become the world focus, DFACTS devices which are used to improve the power quality problems in distribution system are widely used in power system. Every typical DFACTS equipment were reviewed, including the APF, DSTATCOM, DVR, SSTS and so on, their function and advantages were compared and summarized in this paper. Finally, some test cases were carried out in the PSCAD / EMTDC environment to simulate their effects, and then the future of their development was discussed.

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Zhou, Xue Song, Bin Lu, and You Jie Ma. "A Review on Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.825.

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This paper compares of the energy storage system in power system, analysis of superconducting magnetic energy storage advantage. Reviewing the superconducting magnetic energy storage ( SMES ) equipment adopted the power electric technology general structure and principle, discussing the key of voltage source and current source converter details.

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Chen, X. P., Y. D. Wang, J. T. Li, and A. P. Roskilly. "Hybrid Electrical Storage and Power System for Household Tri-Generation Application." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.829.

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As a crucial constituent in tri-generation application, electric energy storage and power system plays an important role regarding efficient utilization of electrical energy in tri-generation. This paper presents the results showing that the optimization of electrical energy storage is able to promote the performance of tri-generation. Initial investigation, including laboratory tests and computational simulation using Dymola software, have been carried out. A case study exemplifies how diverse hybrid systems accommodate domestic power demands. The outcomes validate that the hybrid electric system consisting of generator, batteries and super capacitor can satisfy the electricity requirements for the household. it is also found that the hybrid system can supply the peak electricity demands where the integration of super capacitor can alleviate the overcharge of batteries in this application.

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Liu, Sha, Pei Hong Wang, and Zhi Gang Su. "The Exhaust Steam Enthalpy of Steam Turbine Cognitive Modeling Based on Simplify Evidential Regression Multi-Model." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.83.

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The calculation of exhaust steam enthalpy for steam turbine units is an important parameter in the on-line monitoring and system analysis for thermal power plants. The cognitive modeling method for exhaust steam enthalpy based on evidence theory was studied in this paper. Take 330MW steam turbine for example, exhaust steam enthalpy samples are obtained from steam turbine variable condition analysis model, then exhaust steam enthalpy cognitive model based on simplify evidential regression multi-model is established. The error analysis shows that the accuracy of this model has higher prediction accuracy than the SVM and NW soft measurement model.

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Du, Xin Wei, and Yuan Li. "Application of Protection Model in Novel Protection Algorithm Research." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.842.

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It is meaningful to import protection modeling and simulation into power system simulation for analyzing dynamic operation or cascaded operation of protection when there is a disturbance in power system. Based on the former researches of protection modeling method and protection simulation system, an application of the protection modeling and simulation mentioned above in transformer inrush eliminating algorithm research is explicated for proving the feasibility and validity of them in novel protection algorithm research in this short paper.

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Zhao, Qing Qi, Xue Chen, Yi Yang, and Ji Guang Xue. "Application of DG-RBFNN in Power Flow Calculation of Distribution Network with DG." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.862.

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With the injection of distributed generation (DG) into distribution network, complexity and uncertainty of power flow in distribution network follow. In order to calculate power flow more simply and accurately, considering the characteristics of distribution network with DG and the flexible applicability of RBF neural network, a special adaptive dynamic clustering RBFNN (DG-RBFNN) method, which clusters the input samples only according to the parameters associated with DG, has been used in this paper. Therefore, the results are more approximate to the real condition and the calculation process is simpler compared with conventional back/forward (B/F) method meanwhile the calculation scale is also relatively smaller compared with ordinary adaptive dynamic clustering RBFNN. Finally, according to a 21-bus 66 kV distribution network of Shenyang, Liaoning province simulation experiment, the availability of DG-RBFNN method is proved.

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Wang, Yong, Dong Mei Ji, Guo Xu Chai, and Du Wang. "The Research on Malfunction Diagnosis of Thermal Power System of Steam Turbine Based on Structure Theory." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.89.

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The improved diagnostic technique based on the structure theory is applied to a 600MW coal fired power plant. Two typical malfunctions which only one malfunction occurs and multiple malfunctions occur simultaneously are researched by the malfunction simulation. The induced malfunctions could be separated by the sequential process model. The results show the modified diagnostic model based on thermo-economics structural theory is correct and practical.

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Wang, Qing, and Yuan Li. "Calculation Method of Attemperation Water Flow in Changing Steam Flow Condition." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.282.

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In order to control the attemperation water demand, the superheater heating ability is calculated by enthalpy increment. According to the changed enthalpy of the superheater outlet, the attemperation water demand is estimated. To simplify calculation, the changing steam flow is regarded as linear process during a certain time. Thus, the attemperation water calculation method is obtained. Basis on this, Matlab software is used to perform computer simulation to the system.

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He, Xiao Dong, He Xin Zhang, Yao Li, Chang Qing Hong, and Jiu Peng Zhao. "Preparation and Structural Characterization of SiO₂-ZrO₂ Aerogels." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2282.

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Low density SiO2-xZrO2 aerogels with x=35wt%, 65wt%, 75wt%, 90wt%, 95wt% were prepared by CO2 supercritical drying technique with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and zirconyl nitrate dihydrate (ZrO(NO3)2 .2H2O) by hydrolytic polycondensation under different chemical conditions. The prepared aerogels are performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and BET surface areas to characterize and analyze the morphology and pore structure of SiO2-ZrO2 aerogels. The results showed that the SiO2-ZrO2 areogels are the typical of nano mesopores and the average pore size is about 50 nm. The specific surface areas varied from 345.5 to 615.5 m2/g with (SBET)MAX = 615.5 m2/g with 20wt% Zirconia; Moreover a mass of Si-O-Zr bands formed in the aerogels and the formation mechanism of Si-O-Zr bands are also discussed.

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Zhou, G. Y., Gao Su, Fei Du, and Zhong Gen Li. "Simulation of Supercharged Boiler Combustion Optimization Control Based on Radiant Energy Signal." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.8.

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According to the phenomenon that large lagging and the fluctuation of the fuel regulation of the supercharged boiler, the dynamic behavior of the steam pressure is simulated to study the internal pure delaying in this paper. The flame detector system was used to collect the real-time picture of the flame in the boiler furnace, and the radiant energy signal was introduced into the combustion control system. A combustion auxiliary duct pilot was added and some stimulation is studied. The results shows that with the change of the radiant energy signal, the new control system can change the supply of the fuel in 20 seconds and wipe off all the disturbance in 30 seconds and the amplitude of fluctuation is dramatically reduced.

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Emmerling, Franziska, Sabine Zimper, and Caroline Röhr. "Neue Barium-Oxoantimonate(III): Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von Ba3[SbO3]2 und Ba2[Sb2O5]/New Barium Oxoantimonates(III): Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Ba3[SbO3]2 and Ba2[Sb2O5]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0503.

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Abstract The barium oxoantimonates(III) Ba3[SbO3]2 (triclinic, P1̄, a = 615.2(8), b = 981.4(3), c = 1215.4(5) pm, α =74.683(9), β =89.710(6), γ =71.464(7)°, Z =2, R1=0.0802) and Ba2[Sb2O5] (orthorhombic, Cmcm, a = 401.0(3), b = 1450.6(7), c = 636.6(6) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0589) have been synthesized from melts of elemental barium and antimony oxide Sb2O3 at a temperature of 800 °C. Their oxoantimonate building units are strongly influenced by the stereochemically active lone pair electrons of the pentele element: In the Ba rich compound Ba3[SbO3]2, isolated ψ tetrahedra [SbO3]3− are present, in Ba2[Sb2O5], which crystallizes with the Sr2Bi2O5 structure type, two of these ψ tetrahedra are condensed to form nucelar units [Sb2O5]4−. The two compounds are compared in terms of structure and bonding with the alkali antimonates on one hand and with the alkaline earth bismutates on the other.

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AVollmannová, T. Tóth, D. Urminská, Z. Poláková, M. Timoracká, and E. Margitanová. "Anthocyanins Content in Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosumL.) in Relation to Freesing Duration." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S204—S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1069-cjfs.

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The changes of total anthocyanins (TA) content in fruit of blueberries in relation to freezing duration are the aim of this study. The samples of 21 chosen cultivars obtained from the research breed station were stored in polyethylene bags in freezing box at temperature –18°C. In ethanolic blueberry extracts TA contents were by spectrophotometric method during the time of 6 months at period of 3 months determined. Significant differences of TA content among the observed cultivars were confirmed. The value interval was 615.8–3206.3 mg/kg. The average TA content in 10 very early, resp. early cultivars was 1655.8 mg/kg, in 5 medium early cultivars 1515.6 mg/kg, in 6 medium late, resp. late cultivars 1431.2 mg/kg. During 6 months of blueberries store in the freezing box the average decrease 16.7% of TA content was observed. The average decrease of TA content in very early, resp. early cultivars was 19.6%, in medium early cultivars 16.5% and in medium late, resp. late cultivars 14%.

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Eow, Wei Siang, and Yung Szen Yap. "A Rudimentary X band CW-EPR Spectrometer Based on FPGA." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n6.2461.

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A rudimentary Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrometer is design using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) equipped with two digital-to-analog (DAC) and two analog-to-digital (ADC) channels. The single stage heterodyne setup operates at X band frequencies and is used to detect EPR signals from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in a loop-gap resonator. We design the loop gap resonator with 3 loops 2 gaps for high field homogeneity and moderate Q-factor. The resonator is coupled capacitively to the coaxial cable and is designed to have an unloaded resonant frequency of 8.856 GHz with a Q-factor of 646.0 when critically coupled. The loaded resonant frequency is reported to be 8.668 GHz with a Q-factor of 615.8. Using this setup, EPR signal is successfully detected at 311.4 mT and 8.688 GHz with an experimental g-factor of 1.99450.0012, which is very near to the standard value for DPPH.

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Li, Jie, Yang Pei, Ya Bin Liu, and Yun Gang Li. "Effect of NaWO₃F Content on the Liquidus Temperature of NaCl-KCl-NaWO₃F Molten Salt System." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.41.

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The liquidus temperature of molten salt NaCl-KCl-NaWO3F system was measured by differential thermal analysis. The results show that in the molten salt system when :=1:1, XNaWO3F <0.5 the liquidus temperature decreased with the increase of NaWO3F content; when :=1:1, XNaWO3F>0.5 the liquidus temperature increased with the increase of NaWO3F content; the eutectic temperature is 615.9 °C, the eutectic composition is =0.25, =0.25, XNaWO3F=0.5.

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Indriyanti, Indriyanti, Farida Gaffar, and Kasmawati Kasmawati. "ANALISIS GENANGAN BANJIR SUNGAI PADDANGENG KABUPATEN SOPPENG." TEKNIK HIDRO 12, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/th.v12i1.2463.

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Untuk menghindari pembahasan yang luas serta memudahkan dalam penyelesaian masalah sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat peta zona genangan banjir sungai Paddangeng Kab.Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis menggunakan simulasi aliran permanen (steady flow) data yang diolah menggunakan software HEC-RAS untuk menghasilkan simulasi genangan Sungai Paddangeng. Telah Dilakukan perhitungan debit kala ulang menggunakan Metode Distribusi Log Pearson Tipe III. Diperoleh hasil genangan pada kala ulang 2 Tahun debit 417.50 m3/det seluas 1353 Ha, kala ulang 5 Tahun nilai debit 503.38 m3/det seluas 1407 Ha, kala ulang 10 Tahun nilai debit 554.87 m3/det seluas 1430 Ha, kala ulang 25 Tahun nilai debit 615.42 m3/det seluas 1469 Ha, kala ulang 50 Tahun nilai debit 657.90 m3/det seluas 1469 Ha, kala ulang 100 Tahun nilai debit 698.44 m3/det seluas 1501 Ha, dan kala ulang 200 Tahun dengan nilai debit 737.85 m3/det seluas 1507 Ha. Pola genangan yang dihasilkan berada di 2 Kecamatan. Pertama Kecamatan Donri-donri tepatnya di Desa Kessing, Desa Leworeng, dan Desa Tottong. Kedua di Wilayah Kecamatan Marioriawa tepatnya di Desa Patampanua. Daerah yang memiliki genangan terluas berada di Kecamatan Donri-donri , Desa Kessing dikarenakan daerah tersebut memiliki aspek topografi yang relatif landai.Kata Kunci : Aliran Permanen, Debit, HEC-RAS.

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Gonzalez Sainz, Jose Antonio, and M. A. Sebastián. "Maintenance Centered on the Reliability on Wind Turbines of Low Accessibility." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.112.

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This paper presents the importance of obtaining the application of a maintenance technique that satisfies in a precise way the different needs of the production process, independently of its technical complexity or difficulty of access to the industrial plant facilities. This is the case of the plants with a high automation level or wind farms located in remote places with low accessibility. Besides this, the studied situations have in common the low level of physical operation in its production process.

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González Pedraza, Rosario, and Pilar Lambán Castillo. "Costs Modelling Applied to Activities of Integrated Management." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.124.

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Integration of the main formal management systems complying ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001, UNE 166002 and SGE 21 results in the reduction of their implementation and maintenance costs. This paper proposes a cost control model applied to an integrated management system to calculate the costs of implementation and omissions of its activities and thus can be used as a support tool for decision making by management.

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Ontiveros-Zepeda, Sinué, José Antonio Yagüe-Fabra, Roberto Jiménez Pacheco, and Francisco Javier Brosed-Dueso. "A Comparative of 3D Surface Extraction Methods for Potential Metrology Applications." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.15.

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The number of factors influencing the CT process for metrology applications increases its complexity and cause the loss of accuracy during CT measurements. One of the most critical is the edge detection also called surface extraction or image segmentation, which is the process of surface formation from the CT`s volume data. This paper presents different edge detection methods commonly used in areas like machine and computer vision and they are analyzed as an alternative to the commonly and commercially used for CT metrology applications. Each method is described and analyzed separately in order to highlight its advantages and disadvantages from a metrological point of view. An experimental comparative between two of them is also shown.

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Serrano-Mira, Julio, José Vcte Abellan-Nebot, and Gracia M. Bruscas-Bellido. "Knowledge Retention of Manufacturing Concepts in Short and Medium Term in Engineering Degrees." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.183.

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Subjects with manufacturing processes contents are part of most engineering degrees. These subjects are usually taught in halfway semesters and are of theoretical and practical nature. Very often students show problems to understand and retain the contents of these subjects, since most of those contents are frequently new and have not been addressed during secondary school. In this work, a study on students' level of comprehension and retention of manufacturing processes contents is presented. In order to analyze the learning process in the short and medium term, undergraduate and postgraduate students have been chosen. Moreover, possible lack of previous knowledge, degree of comprehension and retention and influence of the teaching modality (theoretical or practical) are also explored.

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Domingo, Miguel Angel Lope, Jose Antonio Albajez, and Jorge Santolaria. "General Procedure to Evaluate the Progress and Results of the Student: Teaching and Learning the Skills of Manufacturing Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.189.

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The results of this paper suggest that there is a serious problem in the curricula definition of some degrees. It is necessary to analyze the educational activities, teaching methodologies and evaluation systems for the Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees at the institutional level. This will allow for improvements in the evaluation of competence acquisition. Therefore, it is necessary to review the definition of the curricula while paying special attention to the relationship between competences and courses because the current study has detected notable discrepancies. The courses must be evaluated through competences or, more precisely, through the results of the learning process. This would considerably improve an evaluation model of the progress and results on the learning acquired by graduated students in terms of competences and would match what is established in the current regulation. When analysing the results for any two students, a simple comparison based on grades is not realistic, as it depends on the subjectivity of instructors and teachers during the grading process. By contrast, an evaluation based on competences is much more objective and comparable and would demonstrate which university reaches a better level of both general and specific competence achievement. The results of the aforementioned procedure are of interest to employers, enabling them to search and hire the best students in the desired field of study.

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Ju, Lai Cai, Zi Qiang Wang, and Meng Yu He. "Design and Research of a Sliding Mode Observer Based on Line Back-EMF for Brushless DC Motors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.11.

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This paper designs and implements a sliding mode observer with line-to-line trapezoidal back-EMF for brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Through the detection of three phase voltage and the current, the phase to-phase back-EMF is observed, and then the position signal and the rotor speed are estimated. The corresponding relationship between back-EMF and six rotor positions of the motor is established in this paper. With saturation function instead of sign function, the line current difference is used as the sliding surface. The whole control system employs an inner current PI loop with an outer speed PI loop. Simulation results show that the designed observer can correctly estimate the position information and speed, with strong robustness to changes of system parameters and external disturbances.

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Li, Shuo Hui, and Xiang Song. "Multi-Legged Robot that Can be Assembled by Two-Wheeled Self-Balance Robots." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.122.

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In this paper, a multi-legged robot that can be assembled by self-balance robots that have two multi-degree-of-freedom limbs with wheel installed on the end of each limb is proposed. This type of robot has a more efficient way to travel all kinds of territory: not like normal muti-legged robots which has to use legs to move on flat surface like a roads, this type of robot can move like vehicle using wheels on the end of its legs; and not like two wheels self-balance vehicles which cannot travel on rocky surface, this type of robot can use multi-degree-of-freedom limbs to walk on complex surface. And by separate to several single robots, this type of robot can move through some narrow territory. And by combined as a multi-legged robot, this type of robot can transport much heavier payload than a single self-balance robot.

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Chen, Si Ming, and Xiao Ning Liu. "Design of Phase Synchronization Unit for Active Power Filter in Superconducting Magnet Power Supply." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.18.

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In this dissertation, a method is given to solve the problem of phase synchronization for active power filter (APF) which is used in superconducting magnet power supply (SMPS). Firstly, the characteristics of the SMPS are introduced and the technical difficulties which will influence the phase synchronization are pointed out. Secondly, in order to solve these difficulties, the synchronization design is based on zero-cross detection, Butterworth filter and phase compensation for practical purposes. Because the APF adopts DSP as the digital controller, the phase compensation can be easily achieved by software design. In the end, the experimental results of a prototype have verified the effectiveness of the proposed design and the APF can trace the frequency and phase of primary input voltage effectively.

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Nan, Rui, and Ming Li Yang. "Finger Recognition and Tracking Algorithm Based on Single Optical Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.181.

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A new synthesis method of fingertip detection based on single camera is proposed, which effectively reduces the amount of computation while not relying on hardware performance too much. It provides portability as well because single camera is easy to get in contemporary devices, such as mobile phone. The main idea is to use the curvature of fingertip as a feature to distinguish the tip-part of finger in tracing the motion of hand. The Camshift algorithm is used to track the whole hand to diminish the detective region. The skin-color extraction method is used as an auxiliary part to enhance the ability of discriminating hand from background, which also helps to weaken the interferences produced by brightness of hand surface. Finally a serial frames is used to examine the performance of the new method. With the tracking part and the fingertip recognition part being tested respectively, the result indicates the performance clearly.

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Li, Peng Fei, Jing Li, and Chun Li Zhu. "Optical Trap Stiffness Online Measurement System Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.189.

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For investigating the mechanical properties of optical tweezers, a data collection/process/control system based on FPGA is designed and developed to measure the optical trap stiffness. A four quadrant detector is used to track the positions of the trapped microsphere, the digital data converted by a high precision ADC is transferred through the USB interface into PC for processing and displaying, and the PC controls an electronically controlled platform to realize zero alignment of the four quadrant detector. Experiments show that this system could be effectively used for on-line optical trap stiffness measurement.

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Kang, Shuai, Jue Long Li, Jian Chun Xing, Li Qiang Xie, and Xiao Bo Wang. "Anti-Collision Technique of SAW Tags Using Walsh Code." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.222.

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—In view of the inefficiency of coding, the complexity of signal extraction and the strict demands of machining in the existing multiple SAW tags system, an anti-collision technique based on Walsh Code was proposed. First, it encodes the 2PSK using the single antenna transmission structure, then it implements the orthogonal encoding of each tag in a multiple SAW tags system using Walsh coding, and finally the encoding information of each tag is acquired by reading the echo signals from the reader and doing cross-correlation operation with each code block in the orthogonal code-set. The proposed approach incorporates both the coding efficiency and the processing technology, simplifies the complexity of signal extraction, and achieves the goal of anti-collision of multiple SAW tags system. The theoretical analysis and simulation verify the feasibility of this technique.

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Boggess, Bethany, Brittany Scott, and Lisa Pompeii. "Uninsured Workers Have More Severe Hospitalizations." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 27, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291117710781.

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Texas’ unique elective system of workers’ compensation (WC) coverage is being discussed widely in the United States as a possible model to be adopted by other states. Texas is the only state that does not mandate that employers provide state-certified WC insurance. Oklahoma passed legislation for a similar system in 2013, but it was declared unconstitutional by the Oklahoma Supreme Court in 2016. This study examined 9523 work-related hospitalizations that occurred in Texas in 2012 using Texas Department of State Health Services data. We sought to examine work-related injury characteristics by insurance source. An unexpected finding was that among those with WC, 44.6% of the hospitalizations were not recorded as work related by hospital staff. These unrecorded cases had 1.9 (1.6–2.2) times higher prevalence of a severe risk of mortality compared to WC cases that were recorded as work related. Uninsured and publicly insured workers also had a higher prevalence of severe mortality risk. The hospital charges for one year were $615.2 million, including at least $102.8 million paid by sources other than WC, and with $29.6 million that was paid for by injured workers or by taxpayers. There is an urgent need for more research to examine how the Texas WC system affects injured workers.

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Badu, Risti Ristianingsih, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo, and Budi Kamulyan. "Plastic Waste Recycle into Pellet: Economic Analysis and Processing Temperature Effects." Key Engineering Materials 920 (May 16, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-t0ac0q.

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Waste from plastic products can be considered complex materials, making recycling a challenge. PET and LDPE are common type of plastic that is easily found in garbage pile. This research was conducted to study the potential of plastic waste conversion into solid fuel to reduce the accumulation of this waste in the environment. The conversion method is to use an extruder. An economic analysis was performed to measure the feasibility of this recycling method. PET and LDPE plastic waste were recycled into pellets using simple heated-extruder equipment after being shredded into small flakes. The extruder temperature was varied at 120OC, 130OC, 140OC, 150OC, 160OC, and 180OC. The optimum temperature for LDPE pellets is 120OC, and PET pellets is 130OC. The highest density LDPE pellets is 966.7 kg/m3, and PET pellets is 1320 kg/m3. The highest compressive strength LDPE pellets is 1041.1 kg/m2, and PET pellets is 615.2 kg/m2. The calorific value of the recycled LDPE and PET pellets is 43.52 mJ/kg and 27.26 mJ/kg, respectively. The moisture value in each plastic pellet did not change significantly by temperature difference. Meanwhile, the economic feasibility analysis shows an NPV of Rp4,394,049,079; IRR of 25.18%; B/CR of 1.465; and PP of 5.95 years.

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Leininger, T., F. X. Gadéa, and A. S. Dickinson. "Broadening of the sodium 568.8, 589, 615.4 and 819.4 nm lines by atomic hydrogen." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33, no. 9 (April 27, 2000): 1805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/33/9/310.

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LIMA, Adriana Ferreira, Hyago Jovane Borges de OLIVEIRA, André Silvério PEREIRA, and Silmara Sanae SAKAMOTO. "Effect of density of fingerling and juvenile pirarucu during transportation on water quality and physiological parameters." Acta Amazonica 50, no. 3 (September 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202000302.

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ABSTRACT We assessed the effect of stocking density on physiological parameters (blood lactate, glucose, cortisol, hematocrit), water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, unionized ammonia, carbon dioxide), and survival during the transportation of fingerling (24.5 ± 4.7 g) and juvenile (615.8 ± 122.2 g) pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) for six hours in plastic bags. The tested densities were 65, 80, 95, 110 and 125 g L-1 for fingerlings, and 50, 80, 110, 140 and 170 g L-1 for juveniles (three replicates each). Parameters were measured prior to and immediately after transportation, and at 24 and 96 hours recovery after transportation. No mortality was observed, except for fingerlings (< 3%) at densities of 110 and 125 g L-1 during recovery. All the water quality parameters were significantly altered after the transportation of fingerlings and juveniles. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide and unionized ammonia increased, but pH decreased. Only carbon dioxide and unionized ammonia differed among densities. Cortisol levels did not increase over time, except for the juveniles at 170 g L-1, which still had high cortisol after 96 hours. Glucose significantly increased after transportation for all the treatments and returned to the initial values during the recovery period. Conversely, the lactate values were still high after 96 hours. Hematocrit was assessed only for juveniles and was significantly lower after transportation. We conclude that fingerling and juvenile pirarucu can be safely transported at densities up to 95 g L-1 and 140 g L-1, respectively.

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Gunnell, D., S. E. Oliver, J. L. Donovan, T. J. Peters, D. Gillatt, R. Persad, F. C. Hamdy, D. E. Neal, and J. M. P. Holly. "Do Height-Related Variations in Insulin-Like Growth Factors Underlie the Associations of Stature with Adult Chronic Disease?" Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030507.

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Tall people, particularly those with long legs, have an increased risk of developing cancer but a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. We examined associations of stature and body mass index with IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 in 274 men aged 50–70 yr to investigate whether variations in growth factor levels underlie associations of anthropometry with a number of adult diseases. Height and leg and trunk length were not strongly associated with circulating levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGFBP-3. The molar ratio of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 increased with increases in the leg/trunk length ratio (P = 0.06). IGFBP-2 was positively associated with leg length and inversely associated with trunk length. Mean levels of IGFBP-2 (in nanograms per milliliter) across quartiles of increasing leg length were 504.4 493.6, 528.7, and 578.8 (Ptrend = 0.06), and for trunk length were 615.2, 507.2, 498.6, 488.5 (Ptrend < 0.01), suggesting that variations in IGFBP-2, or a factor influencing its levels in the circulation, may contribute to biological mechanisms underlying height-disease associations. We conclude that whereas growth-influencing exposures during childhood, which may operate through effects on IGF-I levels, have long-term influences on disease risk, they do not necessarily program IGF-I levels throughout life. The associations of anthropometry with IGFBP-2 merit additional investigation.

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Gou, Xiang, Jin Xiang Wu, Lian Sheng Liu, En Yu Wang, Jun Hu Zhou, Jian Zhong Liu, and Ke Fa Cen. "Study on Factors Influencing Pulverized Coal Ignition Time." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.120.

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Pulverized coal ignition time is one of crucial parameters in coal ignition process. Based on a general heat absorption equation without chemical reaction, this study was focused on some crucial factors which influence pulverized coal ignition time to theoretically explain the mechanism of heat absorption of pulverized coal. The influences of recirculated flue gas (RFG) temperature, flame temperature, primary air temperature, and coal particle diameter on ignition time were discussed. The importance of radiation heat and convection heat was analyzed. The results show that the higher temperatures of RFG, flame, and primary air can lead to the shorter ignition time respectively. The increase of the coal particle diameter greatly increases the ignition time, and as the diameter goes up, the amount of the ignition delay becomes greater. For high accuracy of ignition time calculation, both radiation heat and convection heat should be taken into account. When flame temperature is very high and RFG temperature is very low, radiation is the dominant factor, otherwise convection is more crucial.

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Duan, Yu Long, Qing Shan You, and Qing Hua Zhang. "The Combustion Analysis of Coal under Deflagration." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.126.

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The products of coal under fast pyrolysis experiments were carried to study the mechanism of coal products under the fast heat effects of deflagration. Several coal were studied here, such as young lignite, old lignite, long flame coal, coke and young anthracite. The experiments temperature is between 588~1313K, experiments heating velocity is 5000K/s, and with normal pressure, experiments time are 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s. Through fast pyrolysis experiments, products separated out from coal was got. There are CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4, C2H6, C4, C5, C3H6, C3H8. This mixed gas is flammable. The results could be used to study the combustion efficiency and mechanism of this special combustion course of different rank coal. This work is useful for study the coal using in the field of energy using and combustion. It may provide one new method to protect our environment tomorrow.

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Wang, Chun Long, Ye Liu, Xiao Long Lian, Qing Yuan Song, and Jin Ping Li. "Development of Combined Cooling and Power System with NH₃-H₂O Absorption Cycle Driven by Solar Energy." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.132.

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In recent years, a combined cooling and power system (CCPS) with NH3-H2O absorption cycle has been aroused great interests. The previous researches on CCPS have been reviewed to summarize the properties of working pair and the experimental apparatus and demonstration devices firstly. Then, a new CCPS driven by solar energy has been developed and discussed.

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Xue, Min, Zhu Ma, Yan Jun Li, Long Bin Yang, and Fang Zhu. "Based on the Principle of Approximate Model Established Model Test Rig Simulation of the Actual Test Bench." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.14.

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For Marine pressurization boiler dynamic system, when the boiler provide steam for air storage, boiler drum pressure and steam pressure will have produced a wave phenomenon; In order to research this a wave phenomenon, considering similar principles , establish the model experiments to simulate the wave process. Due to boiler provide steam for air storage that involves in many complex physical processes, including two phase flow, heat transfer, braising physical phenomena. By a simple analysis, to be completely similar to the model, model must be the same as the real situation; it will lose the small model experimental significance. According to this problem, we consider use approximate modeling method which usually used in engineering, seize the pressure fluctuations of the main contradictions; Put forward in the process of considering only reflect pressure fluctuations of local fluid dynamic field project of similar approximation, Finally we get the fluctuation relationship of the actual conditions and small model experiment of main steam pressure.

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Yang, Jian Ping, Li Qiang Yang, and Ri Yi Lin. "Thermal Calculation on SAGD Steam Delivery System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.162.

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A flowing and heat transfer model of superheated steam has been established. Thermal calculation of high-quality wet steam injectors of Du84-54-160 and Du84-60-58 in Block Shu-1 and data analysis of part of the pipelines of SAGD-2# steam injection station have been completed with this model. The results and the actual data match very well with each other.

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