Journal articles: '610.72 Statistica medica'

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Lasytsia, T. S., G. Z. Moroz, and I. M. Hidzynska. "MEDICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL RATIONALE FOR OPTIMIZATION OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL DOCTORS IN THE FIELD OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND COMORBIDITIES." Клінічна та профілактична медицина 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.1(11).2020.01.

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State Institution of Science «Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» State Administrative Department, Kyiv, Ukraine Purpose: to evaluate the awareness about the coronary heart disease (CHD), associated with comorbidities, amongst the internists of the State Institution of Science «Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine» State Administrative Department (SIS «RPC PCM» SAD), with the consequent working out of the study module «Comorbidities in patients with CHD: up-to-date treatment requirements». Material and methods. This integrated medical and sociological study was based on data derived from the anonymous survey of 48 medical doctors (MDs) of SIS «RPC PCM» SAD (7 males and 41 females), performed by the use of dedicated questionnaire. The age of respondents varied from 32 to 72 years; the average age was 53,1±1,17 years; the average length of service was 27,8±1,35 years. Statistical data analysis was performed by the use of standard statistical package (Statistica v. 6.0). Results and discussion. On the whole, the SIS «RPC PCM» SAD MDs pointed at the comprehensive approach to the assessment of patients` health status: 97,9±2,1 % of respondents payed attention to the presence of comorbidities while planning the examination and treatment of patients with CHD. The most prevalent comorbidities were as follows: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic cholecystitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and osteochondrosis. We established that MDs had the high competence in the risk factors modification in CHD patients: 95,8±2,9 % of doctors pointed to the fact that they discussed with their patients the issues regarding the risk factors modification. The principal items the MDs payed attention at were as follows: smoking cessation (93,8±3,5 %), body mass control (93,8±3,5%), adherence with the proper level of physical activity (87,5±4,8 %), nutrition (83,3±5,4 %), the necessity of the control of blood pressure (87,5±4,8 %) and total cholesterol level (66,7±6,8 %). Conclusion. According to the sociological study results, we ascertained the principal statements of the parts of the study module «Comorbidities in patients with CHD: up-to-date treatment requirements», and 95,8±2,9 % of MDs considered it as such to be implemented in the study process.

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Hovalyg, N. M., O. V. Remneva, and O. V. Kolyado. "Epidemiology of premature birth and details of medical evacuation in the Tyva Republic and Altai Territory." Siberian Medical Review, no. 1 (2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-68-72.

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The aim of the research is to assess the epidemiology of premature birth and measures for organizing medical evacuation of patients from agricultural regions in vast territory of the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019. Material and methods. Th e statistical reports data on the work of obstetric service in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory for the period 2015-2019 are analyzed. Th e frequency, structure, dynamics of premature birth, features of organizing medical evacuation have been studied. Th e analysis of the information received was carried out using absolute, relative and intensive fi gures. Th e statistical signifi cance of the temporal dynamics of data was assessed using regression analysis with calculation of determination coefficient. Results. The analysis showed that premature birth frequency in two agricultural regions with a vast territory and diff erent nationalities in the Tyva Republic and Altay Territory over the past 5 years has no tendency to decrease (2019 – 6.2 % and 7.1 %, respectively) and the data are comparable with an average Russian indicator (2018 - 6.0 %). Distribution of PB by clinical phenotype and gestational age in the studied territories does not diff er and correspond to global indicators. Th e share of very early premature births (22-27 weeks of gestation) is not more than 7 %. A distinctive feature of Altai Territory in comparison with the Tyva Republic is a rarer (p <0.001) obstetric delivery of patients with PB in obstetric hospitals, level III (63.3 % and 96.8 %, respectively), which is associated with high frequency of late PB (53.1 %) and suffi cient capacity of medical organizations, level II. During medical evacuation in the regions, beta-adrenergic agonist ginipral (95 %) was used for acute tocolysis. Conclusion. Organization of medical evacuation in the Tyva Republic is characterized by more frequent use of air ambulance for patient transportation to obstetric hospital, level III, which is explainable by 7 times lower population density compared to Altay Territory with the same schemes of acute tocolysis.

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Velazquez, A., H. Alvarez, M. Kjelland, F. Villaseñor, G. Ariza, and S. Romo. "72 Invitro embryo production using prepubertal calf oocytes with conventional semen and sexed semen ULTRA-4M." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab72.

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Invitro embryo production (IVP) can increase the reproductive potential and genetic quality of cattle, as well as other species. This powerful assisted reproduction tool can be used to produce embryos from prepubertal calves, reducing the generation interval. A recent sexed semen technology known as ULTRA (ST Genetics), completely modified the technique, the media and sperm concentration. In field trials with AI there was no difference between conventional semen (CONV) and ultra-sexed semen at a concentration of 4 million per straw (ULTRA-4M). The combined use of IVP and ULTRA-4M can decrease the selection time for improving dairy and beef cattle herd genetics. The objective of this research was to compare the CONV and ULTRA-4M semen using bovine IVP and prepubertal calves. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FESC-UNAM). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture (IVC) system. The ovaries were collected in Campeche, México, from Bos indicus×Bos taurus crossbred calves (6 months old) using surgical castration (for export to the United States) and transported to the laboratory (FESC-UNAM) in BO-HEPES-IVM (Bioscience™), in an oocyte transporter (WTA). Vitrogen media were used for IVF and IVC. For IVM, the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected (only grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C. Matured oocytes (n=600, divided equally into five replicates) were divided into 2 groups, the CONV group and the ULTRA-4M group. The IVF process was conducted with CONV and ULTRA-4M semen from the same bull (Holstein) at a concentration of 2×106 and 0.5×106 spermatozoamL−1, respectively, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and set in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The cleavage results were recorded 56h after the beginning of IVC. The cleavage rate, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated. The statistical analysis was carried out with the GLM procedure of the SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of CONV vs. ULTRA-4M (α level=0.05). The percentage of cleavage for CONV was 46%±1.4 and 43.2%±1.4 for ULTRA-4M. The results for embryos with more than 6 cells in the CONV and ULTRA-4M groups were 16%±0.6 and 14%±0.6, respectively. The percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 for CONV was 9%±0.6 and 8%±0.6 for ULTRA-4M. There were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05) for all variables analysed. In conclusion, under the conditions of this research the ULTRA-4M and CONV produced similar results for IVP.

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El_Mashade, Mohamed Bakry, Yahia Zakria Abd Elgawad, and Tarek Mahmoud Nasr. "Fuzzy Logic Controller of New Strategy of Biomedical Measurements." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 10 (September 18, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i10.13899.

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Monitoring patient’s condition represents one of the crucial tasks in any biomedical center to ensure the stability of the patient state. Healthcare sector quality demands are exponentially rising. These demands are concerned with designing expert systems for medical diagnosis. Also, the use of fuzzy sets theory in the medical field is to solve some medical problems. This paper proposes a simple strategy of bio measurements and its behavior through fuzzy logic model. The proposed design is constructed using three different types of data transfer based sensors and microcontroller.The fuzzy logic model is designed and practically tested. The generated results are compared to those of the (Omron RS3 - HEM-6130-E Omron mc-246-e) device from OMRON company. Four hundred people aged between 3 and 72 years old were examined by the proposed system. All results are compared using fuzzy logic model in MATLB. Using statistical analysis, the average data measurements for each sensor in the designed device were recorded; the output results were found to be of close enough (less than 1% error) to the reference readings.The system can be used at home due to its low cost, easy to use, and high accuracy.

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Roy, Asim, Anne Marie Morse, Jordan Dubow, David Seiden, and Richard Bogan. "491 Efficacy of FT218, a Once-Nightly Sodium Oxybate Formulation, by Narcolepsy Subtype: A Post Hoc Analysis From the REST-ON Study." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.490.

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Abstract Introduction FT218 is an investigational, once-nightly, controlled-release formulation of sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy. The purpose of this post hoc analysis of the REST-ON study was to evaluate the effect of FT218 on measures of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with narcolepsy subtypes 1 (NT1) and 2 (NT2). Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study in patients with narcolepsy ≥16 years old. Patients were stratified by narcolepsy subtypes and randomized 1:1 to receive FT218 or matching placebo: 4.5 g/night for 1 week, 6.0 g/night for 2 weeks, 7.5 g/night for 5 weeks, and 9.0 g/night for 5 weeks (maximum treatment duration, 13 weeks). Assessments of EDS included mean sleep latency (minutes) on maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) in sleepiness. Results A total of 190 patients were included in the modified intent-to-treat population (NT1: FT218, n=72; placebo, n=73; NT2: FT218, n=21, placebo, n=24). Patients with NT1 or NT2 receiving FT218 had significant improvement in MWT. LS mean difference in mean sleep latency (minutes) vs placebo for NT1 was 5.97 for 9.0 g (week 13), 7.02 for 7.5 g (week 8), and 4.89 for 6.0 g (week 3; all P<0.001), and for NT2, 6.27 for 9.0 g (P=0.020), 4.01 for 7.5 g (P=0.162), and 5.33 for 6.0 g (P=0.020). A higher proportion of NT1 patients receiving FT218 had significant improvement on CGI-I vs placebo (9.0 g: 75.5% vs 35.9%; 7.5 g: 66.9% vs 27.9%; 6.0 g: 39.9% vs 7.8%; all P<0.001). A higher number of NT2 patients receiving FT218 were consistently rated as much/very much improved vs placebo, based on descriptive statistics. FT218 was generally well tolerated. Conclusion FT218 had similar efficacy on EDS at evaluated doses in NT1 and NT2, with improvement in MWT and CGI-I greater than placebo. FT218 may provide effective treatment for EDS in patients with narcolepsy, with or without cataplexy. Support (if any) Avadel Pharmaceuticals.

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Kostiuchenko-Faifor, O. S., I. V. Gunas, N. V. Belik, О. М. Shapoval, and S. P. Veretelnyk. "Cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in Ukrainian young men and young women with an orthognathic bite without and with the type of face taken into account." Reports of Morphology 28, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2022-28(3)-09.

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The upper respiratory tract is a component of the respiratory system, which ensures the performance of several key human functions at once. The variability of cephalometric indicators of this structure of the human body, depending on the peculiarities of body structure, nationality, sex, and other factors, is one of the current topics of discussion among modern scientists. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the cephalometric characteristics of the upper respiratory tract in young people without pathology of the upper respiratory tract with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face. For 72 Ukrainian young women and 46 young men with an orthognathic bite and the absence of pathology of the upper respiratory tract, taken from the database of the research center and the pediatric dentistry department of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, determination of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract itself was carried out. The face type of young women and young men was determined using Garson's morphological index. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the licensed statistical package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric estimation methods. In Ukrainian young women and young men without and taking into account the type of face, the percentile range of cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract proper was established (distance PASmin – the size of the retroglossal oropharyngeal airway space, distance PM-UPW – the size of the nasopharyngeal airway space, distance U-MPW – the size of the retropalatal oropharyngeal airway space, distance V-LPW – the size of the hypopharyngeal airway space, area UAA – the size of the upper airway area). Sex differences (significantly greater, or a tendency towards greater values in young men) of distance V-LPW values were found in representatives without taking into account the face type by 13.8 %, with a wide face type – by 11.6 % and with a narrow face type – by 15.9 %; as well as the size of the UAA area in representatives without taking into account the face type by 20.6%, with a very wide face type – by 21.2 %, with a wide face type – by 21.6 % and with an average face type – by 23.1 %. Both in young women and in young men, no reliable differences or trends in the magnitude of the cephalometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract between representatives with different types of faces were established.

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Guo, Lining, Michael V. Milburn, John A. Ryals, Shaun C. Lonergan, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob E. Wulff, Danny C. Alexander, et al. "Plasma metabolomic profiles enhance precision medicine for volunteers of normal health." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 35 (August 17, 2015): E4901—E4910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508425112.

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Precision medicine, taking account of human individuality in genes, environment, and lifestyle for early disease diagnosis and individualized therapy, has shown great promise to transform medical care. Nontargeted metabolomics, with the ability to detect broad classes of biochemicals, can provide a comprehensive functional phenotype integrating clinical phenotypes with genetic and nongenetic factors. To test the application of metabolomics in individual diagnosis, we conducted a metabolomics analysis on plasma samples collected from 80 volunteers of normal health with complete medical records and three-generation pedigrees. Using a broad-spectrum metabolomics platform consisting of liquid chromatography and GC coupled with MS, we profiled nearly 600 metabolites covering 72 biochemical pathways in all major branches of biosynthesis, catabolism, gut microbiome activities, and xenobiotics. Statistical analysis revealed a considerable range of variation and potential metabolic abnormalities across the individuals in this cohort. Examination of the convergence of metabolomics profiles with whole-exon sequences (WESs) provided an effective approach to assess and interpret clinical significance of genetic mutations, as shown in a number of cases, including fructose intolerance, xanthinuria, and carnitine deficiency. Metabolic abnormalities consistent with early indications of diabetes, liver dysfunction, and disruption of gut microbiome homeostasis were identified in several volunteers. Additionally, diverse metabolic responses to medications among the volunteers may assist to identify therapeutic effects and sensitivity to toxicity. The results of this study demonstrate that metabolomics could be an effective approach to complement next generation sequencing (NGS) for disease risk analysis, disease monitoring, and drug management in our goal toward precision care.

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Mikulić, Vinka, Ivanka Mikulić, Helena Radić Mišković, Vajdana Tomić, Ana Ćuk, Kristina Ljubić, and Dunja Rogić. "Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration in healthy newborns during the first three postnatal days." Biochemia medica 30, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2020.030706.

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Introduction: Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a biochemical marker significant for early prediction of acute kidney injury in adults. However, it has not been examined sufficiently among the infant population, particularly newborns in terms of reference values. The aim of our study was to determine the concentration of uNGAL in healthy term newborns and to determine if there was a difference in uNGAL concentration according to gender, postnatal age and birth weight. Materials and methods: Our study involved 81 healthy term newborns birth (≥ 37 weeks, Apgar score ≥ 8 in the first minute after birth, CRP < 5 mg/L). Urine NGAL was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) within 72 hours after birth, on Architect plus ci8200 analyser (Abbott, Chicago, USA). Data were analysed using Statistica software. Results: The median concentration of uNGAL in the whole study group of healthy term newborns was 27.1 ng/mL (16.5-56.0 ng/mL) (newborn girls, 27.1 ng/mL (15.8-47.9 ng/mL); newborn boys, 27.9 ng/mL (16.5-61.0 ng/mL), P = 0.941). Median uNGAL concentration according to postnatal age expressed in days was 28.2 ng/mL (11.7-57.2 ng/mL) 1st day, 28.9 ng/mL (16.5-64.2 ng/mL ) 2nd day and 23.9 ng/mL (20.2-46.6) 3rd day, P = 0.863. Regarding birth weight for newborns < 3500 g, median concentration was 25.0 ng/mL (16.5-45.4 ng/mL ) and for weight ≥ 3500 g 30.6 ng/mL (16.5-64.2 ng/mL), P = 0.455. Conclusions: There were no significant difference in uNGAL concentration in relation to gender, postnatal age and birth weight.

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Raimundo, Karina, Joshua J. Solomon, Amy L. Olson, Amanda M. Kong, Ashley L. Cole, Aryeh Fischer, and Jeffrey J. Swigris. "Rheumatoid Arthritis–Interstitial Lung Disease in the United States: Prevalence, Incidence, and Healthcare Costs and Mortality." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171315.

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Objective.Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can have significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence, incidence, healthcare costs, and mortality of RA-related ILD (RA-ILD) in the United States.Methods.This retrospective cohort analysis used the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental health insurance databases from 2003 to 2014 and the Social Security Administration death database. Patients with RA-ILD were selected based on diagnoses on medical claims. Outcomes were 1-year prevalence and incidence of RA-ILD among the general enrollee population, all-cause and respiratory-related healthcare costs (2014 US$), and all-cause survival for a subset of newly diagnosed patients with vital status information. This analysis was descriptive. No statistical testing was conducted.Results.Prevalence of RA-ILD ranged from 3.2 to 6.0 cases per 100,000 people across the 10-year period and incidence ranged from 2.7 to 3.8 cases per 100,000 people. There were 750 incident patients with 5 years of followup data. Over that time, 72% had an inpatient admission and 76% had an emergency room visit. Mean total 5-year costs were US$173,405 per patient (SD $158,837). Annual per-patient costs were highest in years 1 and 5. At 5 years after first diagnosis in the data, 35.9% of patients had died.Conclusion.Prevalence of RA-ILD increased over time. For patients who could be followed over a 5-year period, healthcare use and costs were somewhat stable over time, but were substantial. RA-ILD is associated with decreased survival.

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Napolitano, Mariasanta, Luca Valore, Giorgia Saccullo, Alessandra Malato, Calogero Vetro, Maria Enza Mitra, Alessandro Lucchesi, et al. "Management of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Results from a Multicenter Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3688.3688.

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Abstract Background In the last decades, evaluation of thrombotic complications secondary to acute leukemia (AL) has been poorly investigated. Only scant data are available on management and prevention of thrombosis in this setting. We performed a multicenter retrospective study with the aim to evaluate the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AL and to report the most commonly adopted regimens of treatment. Materials and methods Available clinical records of out and in-patients diagnosed with AL from January 2008 to June 2013 in 7 Reference Regional Hospitals were analyzed. Cases of VTE, including thrombosis in atypical sites [Retinal occlusion (RO) and Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis (SCT)], were reported. All data were recorded in a dedicated electronic database. The patient’s basic demographic data (age, gender, race), medical history, disease-related information, and laboratory data were extracted. Instrumental diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and RO and SCT was performed according to ACCP guidelines. Data were collected and analysed by the IBM SPSS Software 21.0 version (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Ill, US) and the Epi Info software, version 3.2.2, (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, included descriptive statistics, was performed for all the items. Results Over a population of 1461 patients with AL, 99 (6.8%) cases of VTE were recorded, mainly in hospitalized patients: 72 cases were associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and 27 with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), with a mean age of 52.2 ± 15.4 years (median age: 53years). In particular the incidence/ratio over the sub-population of AML-patients was 6.0%, that is 72/1191 cases; with a mean age of 54.7 ± 14.3 years (median age: 57 years). VTE occurred during chemotherapy (CHT) in 90/99 (90%) cases, mainly during the induction phase of treatment (in 70% of cases ),the remaining 9 cases were diagnosed in concomitance with acute leukemia. In both subgroups with VT, there was no statistical significant difference between time at diagnosis of VT and time at diagnosis of AL. Treatment of VTE was mainly based on Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), in accordance with results from previous studies and current guidelines (full dosage for the first month from diagnosis and reduced dosage at 75% for the following months). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 55 patients at diagnosis of AL, in 33 cases platelets were <50x109/L. Most VTE episodes (73/99, 73.7%) were treated with LMWH as above reported . In patients with moderate/severe thrombocytopenia, a dose adjusted to platelet count was adopted; most of the investigators used LMWH at prophylactic dosage. Two cases received fondaparinux, one patient was treated with unfractioned heparin; six cases did not receive any treatment due to severe thrombocytopenia. No cases of VT–related deaths nor fatal complications during treatment for VTE were reported. All treatments with LMWH lasted from 3 to 6 months. All patients clinically recovered from VTE, only 2 late recurrences (PEs) were observed. Conclusion VTE can complicate the clinical course of AL in a not negligible percentage of cases. Anticoagulant treatment schedules and duration in patients with AL are influenced by many factors, mainly related to chemotherapy and severe thrombocytopenia. In the analyzed subset of patients, full dose treatment with LMWH for at least one month followed by a dose reduction for at least three months was appropriate. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Sachdev, Vandana, Yuan Gu, James Nichols, Wen Li, Stanislav Sidenko, Darlene Allen, Colin Wu, and Swee Lay Thein. "A Machine Learning Algorithm to Improve Risk Assessment for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125846.

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a clinical syndrome that encompasses several different genotypes, the 3 most common being homozygosity for the bS allele (HbSS), compound heterozygosity of HbS and HbC (HbSC), and compound heterozygosity of HbS and HbSb thalassemia (HbSb+ or HbSb0 thalassemia). Generally, patients with HbSS and HbSb0 thalassemia genotypes have the most severe clinical manifestations, while patients with HbSC and HbSβ+-thalassemia are thought to be less severe. Within each of these genotypic groups, however, there are also substantial phenotypic differences. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to quantify the severity of the disease process and to guide therapeutics. As more intensive, high risk and costly treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant and gene therapy are developing, the ability to assess patients at highest risk of early mortality becomes increasingly important. Integrating varied clinical, laboratory, and imaging markers for personalized risk prediction has been difficult, however, newer machine learning methods for outcome prediction take a more agnostic approach than traditional statistical methods and can detect complex, non-linear relationships in the data. In this study, we sought to apply machine learning methods to a well-characterized cohort of SCD patients followed at the National Institutes of Health in order to identify clinically meaningful subgroups of patients at highest risk of mortality. Between 2006 and 2017, 601 patients (age 35±13 years, 51% female) underwent echocardiogram, standard laboratory markers and hemoglobin electrophoresis resulting in 61 candidate variables. Among these patients, 488 had HbSS, 12 HbSb0 thalassemia, 80 HbSC, 20 HbSb+ thalassemia. All-cause mortality was ascertained by proxy interview, through medical records, and through the CDC National Death Index. Average follow-up time was 5 years and 130 patients were deceased. A random survival forest (RSF) algorithm followed by nested model selection and AIC Cox regression analysis identified 13 predictors of mortality (estimated right ventricular systolic pressure, peak tricuspid regurgitant (TR) velocity, mitral E velocity, septal and posterior wall thickness, IVC diameter, right atrial area, BUN, alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatinine, potassium and bicarbonate). This model performed better than individual clinical and laboratory variables with a C-statistic of 0.822 (genotype 0.524, eGFR 0.624, NT-proBNP 0.686, TR velocity 0.703). K-means clustering grouped all patients into 3 main clusters with significant survival differences. Survival at 8 years for the entire group was 70%; for individual clusters, survival was 43% for cluster 1, 72% for cluster 2, and 88% for cluster 3 (Figure 1A). Since TR velocity is recognized as one of the most specific independent predictors of mortality, we compared our results with this parameter. There was a better stratification of mortality risk using the 7 strongest parameters from RSF compared with TR velocity alone (Figure 1B), particularly for longer term outcomes. In this cohort of 601 patients with SCD, machine learning methods were used to show the heterogeneity of this disorder and the ability to detect phenotypic clusters with different mortality profiles. Although there are many individual predictors of mortality, few methods other than assessment by an expert clinician can integrate all known variables in deeply phenotyped patients. RSF and cluster analysis was used in this cohort to analyze a large amount of data in order to identify seven variables that could stratify patients into groups with significantly different outcomes. The specificity of this approach was high (c-statistic 0.822) and better than that of individual markers of end-organ involvement. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Johnson, Lawrence R., Gerald C. Miller, and Spencer R. Stout. "Serum Free Light Chains Identify Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy At Increased Risk Of Developing Renal Disease." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1876.1876.

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Abstract Background Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is frequently associated with kidney disease (monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance; MGRS). International guidelines recommend the use of the serum free light chain (FLC) assay when screening for monoclonal gammopathies; an abnormal FLC ratio and an elevation of at least one FLC isotype indicates an Ig LC clone. However it is not known if, in patients with normal kidney function, the presence of a FLC clone predisposes to the future development of kidney disease. Patients and Methods A 22485 patient database with multiple laboratory tests and up to 15-year follow up (Regional Medical Laboratory, Tulsa, OK, USA) was analysed. There were 425 confirmed MG patients with no progression to multiple myeloma. Median age was 72 years (22-97 years) and M/F ratio was 177/248. FLC kappa and lambda were measured nephelometrically with Freelite® (The Binding Site Ltd, Birmingham, UK). Baseline was defined on the first available FLC measurement; this was available at inception in 258 (61%) patients and during follow-up in 167 (39%) patients. 128 patients with MG and an eGFR <60ml/min/1.75m2 and/or a clinical diagnosis of renal disease (ICD9 code) prior to and up to 100 days after baseline were excluded from the analysis. Statistical analyses, including Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) to identify monoclonal FLC (iFLC) cut-off were carried out using SPSS v21. Results 297 (of 425) patients had a MG with normal renal function at baseline; 118 (40%) patients had an abnormal FLC ratio (88 kappa, median: 35.5 (7.7-2675) mg/L; 30 lambda, median: 83.6 (0.9-3552) mg/L). 21/297 (7%) patients developed renal impairment during the course of follow up (median: 852 (114-2388) days); 15/21 (71%) had monoclonal FLC production. In these patients there was no association between iFLC (median: 47.8 (0.9-3552) mg/L) and creatinine (median: 0.9 (0.5-1.5) mg/dL) levels (p=0.3966). Time to renal impairment (TTRI) was significantly shorter for patients with an abnormal v normal FLC ratio (75% TTRI: 1261 days v not reached (NR), hazard ratio (HR): 5.31; p<0.001). Age between groups was similar (median: 68 (22-97) v 72 (39-92) years; p=0.0544). In 118 patients withan abnormal FLC ratio, Cox regression analysis identified iFLC concentrations as being associated with the development of impaired renal function (p=0001). Furthermore, patients with iFLC>100mg/L (n=25) were at a significantly increased risk of developing renal impairment compared with patients with iFLC<100mg/L (n=93) (75% TTRI: 874 days v NR, respectively; HR: 6.10; p<0.001). Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of an Ig LC clone is associated with an increased risk of people with MG and normal kidney function progressing to renal disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Newlin Lew, Kelley, Yolanda McLean, Sylvia Byers, Helen Taylor, and Karina Cayasso. "Type 2 diabetes prevention and self-management among Nicaraguan ethnic minorities: findings from phase 3 of a community-based participatory research study." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-06-2016-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore physical environmental, medical environmental, and individual factors in a sample of ethnic minority adults with or at-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. Design/methodology/approach The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design guided by a community-based participatory research framework. Three coastal communities in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) of Nicaragua were sampled. Inclusion criteria were: lay adult with or at-risk for T2D, ⩾21 years of age, self-identification as Creole or Miskito, and not pregnant. Convenience sampling procedures were followed. Data were collected via objective (A1C, height, and weight) and self-report (Pan American Health Organization surveys, Diabetes Care Profile subscales, and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-12 (MOS SF-12) measures. Univariate and bivariate statistics were computed according to level of measurement. Findings The sample (N=112) was predominately comprised of Creoles (72 percent), females (78 percent), and mid-age (M=54.9, SD±16.4) adults with T2D (63 percent). For participants with T2D, A1C levels, on average, tended to be elevated (M=10.6, SD±2.5). Those with or at-risk for T2D tended to be obese with elevated body mass indices (M=31.7, SD±8.1; M=30.2, SD±6.0, respectively). For many participants, fresh vegetables (63 percent) and fruit (65 percent) were reported as ordinarily available but difficult to afford (91 and 90 percent, respectively). A majority reported that prescribed medication(s) were available without difficulty (56 percent), although most indicated difficulty in affording them (73 percent). A minority of participants with T2D reported receipt of diabetes education (46 percent). A1C levels did not significantly vary according to diabetes education received or not (M=10.9, SD±2.9; M=10.4, SD±2.5; t=−0.4, p=0.71). Participants at-risk for T2D were infrequently instructed, by a provider, to follow an exercise program (4.8 percent) or meal plan (4.8 percent) and receive diabetes education (2.38 percent). MOS SF-12 findings revealed participants with T2D (M=41.84, SD=8.9; M=37.8, SD±8.5) had significantly poorer mental and physical health quality of life relative to at-risk participants (M=45.6, SD±8.4; M=48.1, SD±9.5) (t=−2.9, p<0.01; t=−2.5, p=0.01). Research limitations/implications Salient physical environmental, medical environmental, and individual factors were identified in a sample of adults with or at-risk for T2D on Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast. Practical implications Findings informed the development of community-based clinics to address the problem of T2D locally. Social implications The community-based clinics, housed in trusted church settings, provide culturally competent care for underserved ethnic minority populations with or at-risk for T2D. Originality/value This is the first quantitative assessment of the T2D problem among diverse ethnic groups in Nicaragua’s underserved RAAS.

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Kostiuchenko-Faifor, O. S., I. V. Gunas, I. M. Kyrychenko, V. V. Vakhovskyi, and S. M. Kosianenko. "Teleroentgenometric parameters of the soft palate in young men and young women with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face." Reports of Morphology 28, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2022-28(4)-06.

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The study of the features of the upper respiratory tract and the relationship of their parameters with other anatomical formations and structures of the human body is one of the promising areas of modern science. Since numerous anatomical components are involved in the functioning of the respiratory tract, their detailed study should be carried out separately. One of these components that is of direct interest to science and practice is the soft palate. The purpose of the study is to establish the peculiarities of the teleroentgenometric parameters of the soft palate in Ukrainian young men and young women without pathology of the upper respiratory tract with an orthognathic bite without and taking into account the type of face. Determination of teleroentgenometric parameters of the soft palate was carried out in 72 young women and 46 young men with no pathology of the upper respiratory tract with an orthognathic bite (primary lateral teleroentgenograms were taken from the database of the research center and the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya). For all young men and young women face type was determined using Garson's morphological index. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the statistical package “Statistica 6.0” using non-parametric estimation methods. As a result of the conducted research, pronounced gender differences were found (significantly greater, or a tendency to greater values in young men): the value of the PM-U distance in representatives without taking into account the type of face by 7.1 %, with very wide – by 9.2 %, with wide – by 8.4 % and with narrow – by 7.4 % face types; values of the SPT distance in representatives without taking into account the face type by 10.3 %, with very wide – by 16.4 % and with narrow – by 23.1 % face types; the values of the NL/PM-U angle in representatives without taking into account the face type by 7.6 % and by 11.5 % with wide face types; the size of the SPA area in representatives without taking into account the type of face by 17.2 %, with very wide – by 24.4 %, with wide – by 13.4 % and with narrow – by 32.2 % of face types. When analyzing the value of teleradiographic parameters of the soft palate in young men between different types of faces, it was established that significantly higher values or trends towards higher values in representatives with a narrow face of the SPT distance and SPA area than in young men with a very wide (respectively by 8.9 % and 13.0 %) and average (by 13.9 % and 22.2 %), respectively, face types, and in young men, regardless of face type, there is a tendency for greater values of the PM-U distance than in representatives with an average face (by 4.2 %). In young women with a narrow face, only a tendency to greater values of the NL/PM-U angle was established than in young women with a wide face (by 6.2 %). The results of the study are an integral element of determining the normative values of various parameters of the upper respiratory tract, which enables practicing doctors to more correctly distinguish the norm from pathology.

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Simonoska, Rusana. "Gingival cancer: 11 year follow-up at Karolinska University Hospital (2000-2010)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5536.

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5536 Background: In Sweden, approximately 500-600 cases of oral cancer are diagnosed every year. These include cancer of the gingiva, retromolar trigonum, bucca, hard palate, tongue and floor of the mouth. Each year, around 15 cases of gingival cancer (GC) are diagnosed in the Stockholm region. The goal of this study was to study the onset of symptoms, treatment, prognosis, and sequelae of GC in order to optimize the treatment. Methods: The study consists of a retrospective review of medical records of all diagnosed cases of GC in Stockholm region between 2000-2010, identified through the ENT-clinic Karolinska Hospital patient database. Results: Our retrospective study comprised 156 patients diagnosed with GC. The average age was 72 years sharing equally between the sexes, 50% were smokers. 98% had a squamous cell carcinoma (scc). Presenting symptoms were often lump or ulceration in the gums, pain, bleeding or discomfort/misfit of dentures. Around 30% had premalignant lessons in the oral cavity before diagnosis. 3/4-th of all GC was localized in the lower jaw. 66% of the GC-patients presented as aT4 cancer. At presentation, 26% had a regional metastasis and of those 90% had their primary tumor in the lower jaw. Six cases had bilateral neck disease. 81% of the patients with regional metastasis had low to medium grade of scc differentiation of the primary tumor. 84% of all patients with regional metastasis had a T4 primary tumor. Neck dissection was performed in 38% (n=59). Of these 35 cases where staging neck, i.e. N0 at presentation and in 7 cases (20%) a positive neck disease was found. The risk for second primary was 15%. The overall 5-year survival was 24%. Conclusions: Advanced age and high number of T4 cancer at diagnosis partly explains the poor survival statistics. Almost 30% of the patients in our material have had premalignant lessons in the oral cavity before the cancer diagnosis and are at high risk for new tumors (second primary); therefore patients with GC should be followed up for at least 5 years, possibly longer in the presence of premalignant lessons. GC of the lower jaw is more likely to metastasize than GC of the upper jaw. Due to 20% occult metastasis occurrence in the staging neck cases, we recommend staging neck dissection for patients with GC.

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Mugarab-Samedi, Nargiz, Veronica Mugarab-Samedi, Kayla Parker, and Luis Murguia Favela. "12 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency: literature review and results transferability." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e4-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.011.

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Abstract Background The purpose of screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) is to enable timely diagnosis and treatment for this condition. Untreated SCID is uniformly fatal by 2 years of age. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for SCID, and the success rate depends on the age at which it is performed. Earlier treatment improves survival, long term quality of life and decreases costs of treating patients, specifically by shortening hospitalization days. Screening, however, carries short-term implementation costs, that could potentially be a barrier to adding SCID to the newborn screening (NBS) panels. Objectives This literature review aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NBS for SCID and perform basic economic analysis review on available published sources. We also assessed the published results and clinical inputs for transferability between different centers. Design/Methods We conducted a systematic search of medical electronic databases: Google Scholar, Ovid, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index and Evidence-Based Medicine and hand searched related references. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-2009) statement to report the findings. We extracted the details of individual study characteristics from each publication, assessed study quality, evaluated the effect sizes and assessed the influence of study design on the estimated effect size. The presence of small effect sizes was investigated using Funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Search terms included: newborn, SCID, newborn screening, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, medical costs, the value of a statistical life, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) We included cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals, data from regional/national surveys. Results 298 records identified through database searching, 192 records removed. A total of 106 articles were found to be eligible for screening, 72 sources were excluded after abstracts review. Forty-four full -text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 14 were excluded (lack of relevance, misleading abstract). Thirty articles were included in the final literature review. We were looking for Level I evidence studies as a high-quality randomized trial or prospective study, sensible costs and alternatives, values obtained from many studies with multiway sensitivity analyses, a systematic review of Level I RCTs and Level I studies. A comparative economic analysis was performed on reviewed sources to determine the average cost-benefit of NBS for SCID among different centers. We used standard conversion to calculate total health costs and charges in US dollars. An average cost of screening for SCID per sample varies between 3.0 -6.0 US$, and at present, there are no known missed cases in SCID NBS programs. The average cost of treatment and QALY were the most common variables used in all reviewed sources and presented in Table 1. Charges for hospital care were more than 5 times higher for late-diagnosed cases of SCID compare to the early diagnosed cases (within the first 2 months of life). These results found to be none-specific to the particular countries, and have high potential transferability among different centers. Conclusion Our literature review analysis supports the cost-effectiveness of NBS for SCID. The opportunity of early treatment is a strong economic rationale for the addition of SCID screening to NBS programs.

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Melikyan, Anait L., Alla M. Kovrigina, Manana A. Sokolova, Ludmila U. Kolosova, Maksim A. Silaev, Elena A. Gilyazitdinova, Irina N. Subortseva, Eduard G. Gemdjian, Suren R. Karagulyan, and Valeri G. Savchenko. "The Role Of Splenectomy In The Treatment Of Myelofibrosis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4083.4083.

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Abstract Background Splenectomy (SE) at the Myelofibrosis (MF) is one of the difficult operations on the techniques and perioperative complications. There are a lot of complications such as inflammatory and adhesive processes, a massive bleeding associated with disorders of hemostasis in thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis, enlargement of varicose veins, concomitant pathology. A SE doesn’t cure myelofibrosis but may be performed in some cases. Success is unpredictable, and the operative mortality of SE is on the order of 10%. Objectives Evaluate the clinical and hematologic SE efficiency in patients with MF, resistant to traditional treatment. Patients and methods We analyzed the medical case history of 52 patients with MF, which were observed in the National Research Center for Hematology from 2004 to 2013. All patients were performed SE. 47 patients diagnosed with primary MF, and 4 – post-polycitaemic MF and 1 patient post-trombocitaemic MF. PMF was diagnosed according to the criteria established by WHO (2008), which include bone marrow fibrosis, and splenomegaly leyko-eritroblastosis in peripheral blood. The average age at diagnosis was 47 years (24 – 78 years), and before the SE – 53 (25 – 79 years). Women and men ratio was 1.3:1. According to the predictive model of the Dynamic International Prognostic Score System - (DIPSS) 38 (73%) patients before the SE attributed to intermediate risk 2, 14 (27%) patients – high risk. BCR-ABL gene not found a single patient, and the gene mutation JAK2V617F at different stages of the disease is detected in 53% of cases. Genetic adverse factors are not taken into account because of the small number of studies. Massive and huge splenomegaly was present in 37 (71%) patients. Spleen weight 0.9 to 2.9 kg is removed in 15 (29%) patients, from 3 to 7 kg is removed in 35 (67%) patients. In two cases, removal of the spleen weight of 10 and 11 kg. Statistical analysis were done using SAS 9.3 and JMP 10.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results Disease duration was about 76 months and ranged from 1 to 240 months. Surgical complications occurred in 21 patients, including bleeding 3, thrombosis 1, infection 2. Surgical complications from SE in intra-and early postoperative period was 8% from 1978 to 2003. Surgical complications from SE in intra-and early postoperative period was not fixed from 2004 to 2013. After SE complications were hepatomegaly, resistant thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥ 600 × 109/L), leukocytosis (white blood cell count greater than 10 x 109/l) and blast transformation of the disease. More than 80% of patients after SE had no symptoms of intoxication. 22 patients with MF had transfusion dependent anemia, 11 (50%) had disappeared transfusion requirements after SE in and the effect lasted for about a year. Only 4 of the 15 patients with thrombocytopenia who underwent SE due to refractory thrombocytopenia were observed a significant increase in platelet count above 100h109 / L, for an average of 6 months. The possibility of the resumption of long-term cytoreductive therapy appeared in 30 (58%) patients. Currently alive 19 (37%) patients, mean follow-up was 37 months (4 to 72 months) after the SE and of 105 (12-264) months after diagnosis. 33 (63%) patients died during the observation period after SE (1 – 84 months, mean – 27 months). Among these, 27 (82%) patients died of transformation disease and 6 (18%) died of comorbidity. 19 (37%) patients, with a mean follow-up of 37 months after SE (from 4 to 72 months) continue treatment with hydroxyurea. Median survival after SE is 3 years (Figure 1), with a median overall survival - 11 years (Figure 2). Conclusion Despite the potential complications SE is an effective palliative method for patients with MF in the absence of leukemic progression. SE indicated in patients with drug refractory MF, acute constitutional symptoms, anemia, transfusion-dependent, and portal hypertension. Modern methods of surgery, as well as supporting therapy in the perioperative period can safely perform the SE. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Herishanu, Yair, Neta Goldschmidt, Osnat Bairey, Rosa Ruchlemer, Riva Fineman, Naomi Rahimi-Levene, Lev Shvidel, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Frontline Therapy with "FCR" Regimen for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Outside Clinical Trials: Israeli CLL Study Group Experience." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5659.5659.

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Abstract The combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) is still currently regarded as the standard regimen for treatment of physically fit patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This therapy can be associated with significant toxicity, and patient adherence to the protocol may often be difficult outside of clinical trials. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FCR therapy in the real life setting, with particular focus on the influence of dose reduction on treatment outcome. A total of 132 CLL patients (≤70 years of age) treated with FCR as frontline therapy from 10 medical centers, were reviewed. The majority of patients were males (73.5%, n=97) and younger than 60 years (78%, n=103). Eleven patients had Binet stage A (8.3%), 72 (54.5%) were stage B and 49 (37.1%) had Binet stage C. Results of FISH analysis were available for 99 patients, with high risk cytogenetics of del(11q) in 21 patients (21.2%) and del(17p) in 9 cases (9.1%). The majority (56.5%, n=74) received rituximab at a dose of 500mg/m2 and the rest 375mg/m2. Almost half of the patients (49.2%, n=65) were given a reduced dose of chemotherapy (<90% of the indicated dosage), while 23% (n=30) received 2/3 or less. Primary chemotherapy dose reduction was most commonly in accordance with the treating physician's judgment, while secondary dose modifications and less chemotherapy cycles were initiated mainly because of hematological toxicity. Most patients had a clinical complete response (69.8%, n=90) while only 10 (7.8%) failed to respond. Partial or non- responders were more commonly associated with lower pretreatment hemoglobin levels and platelet counts, Binet stage C, and presence of del(17p) and had also received lower doses of chemotherapy (p=0.024). The rituximab dose administered was not associated with differences in response rates (p=0.7). Reducing the dose of chemotherapy (≤2/3) was associated with an increase in risk of disease progression (HR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3-7.0, p<0.0001), resulting in a decrease in median progression free survival (PFS) from 46.9 months (for those receiving the full dose), to 15.8 months for patients given a reduced dose. In a multivariate analysis of PFS only a reduced dose of chemotherapy (≤2/3) and del(17) retained statistical significance, p=0.004 and p<0.0001, respectively. The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 99.5 months (95% CI 78.5-120.5). Del(17p) and failure to respond to treatment were independently associated with a worse overall survival (HR=9.2, 95% CI 2.0-41.8, p=0.004 and HR=15.1, 95% CI 3.2-72.0, p-0.001, respectively). The most commonly recorded severe adverse events included, at least one episode of infection or neutropenia in 25.8% and 24.2% of patients, respectively. Treatment related DAT+ autoimmune hemolysis occurred in 6.0% of the cases, late-onset neutropenia in 8.1%, Richter's transformation in 3% and therapy related MDS/AML in 2.3% of patients. In conclusion, it is apparent that outside of clinical trials treating physicians tend more readily to reduce doses of chemotherapy. Reduced doses of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide but not of rituximab, is significantly associated with a shorter PFS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Labilloy, Guillaume, Eric O'Brien, Brett VanCauwenbergh, Luke Byerly, Mitali Basu, William Seibel, Erin H. Breese, John Peter Perentesis, and Mayur Sarangdhar. "Predicting Drug Response and Novel Therapeutic Candidates Using Signatures of Molecular Alterations in Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119933.

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Abstract Background: Hematologic malignancies present a varied genetic landscape that plays an important role in prognosis and therapeutic outcome of patients. However, our understanding of the impact of a patient's molecular alterations on therapy is limited. Cell Line-Based High Throughput Screening (CBHTS) can allow novel drug discovery and systematic evaluation of drug response in cell lines or patient samples to large panels of drugs. Here, we present a comprehensive profiling of molecular alterations in hematologic malignancies and their impact on drug response, which we believe provides novel insight into drug sensitivity and resistance correlated with unique molecular alteration signatures as well as clinical trial development. Methods: Cell lines were acquired from ATCC, suspended in growth media, plated in 384 well plates, and allowed to proliferate for 24 hours before addition of drugs. Compounds were obtained from Selleck Chemicals and were added to cells at concentrations of 100nM and 1nM in quadruplicate, with a 0.1% concentration of DMSO. Cell viability was measured after 72 hours with drugs. DMSO was used as the vehicle control, and all drug effects are normalized to the DMSO control and reported as percent viable. Drug activity was studied across a panel of 1,828 drugs and 30 cell-lines. Drug activity clusters were defined using unsupervised learning (Distance metric: Euclidean and Ward linkage; tree height: 1.2). Cell lines were annotated using Broad CCLE and Gnomad database, and mutations were ranked into four groups based on predicted variant effect - high, medium, low, and modifier. Drugs were annotated using Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC), while pathways and targets were annotated using ToppGene Suite. T-statistic was used to estimate significance of differential drug activity between sensitive (cell-lines with viability <20% considered highly sensitive) versus resistant cell-line groups (cell-lines with viability >85% considered highly resistant). Results: We identified 25 clusters with significant differential drug activity across the 30 cell lines. Corticosteroids (n=19), for example, clustered together by activity profile, and showed most differential response across five cell lines: NB4 (Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML), Kasumi-1 (AML), HL-60 (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, ALL), RS4-11 (ALL) and MV4-11 (Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia, BAL), p = 6.10-27. Steroid activity was minimal in NB4, MV4-11 and HL-60; however, highest in RS4-11 (<11% cell viability) and Kasumi-1. Interestingly, loxapine, an antipsychotic, which acts as a dopamine and serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist, clustered with the main corticosteroid group, and shared similar activity profile (p = 5.5 10-3). A unique gene signature common to RS4-11 and Kasumi-1 included mutations in LOXHD1, FBN3, TRIB3, TDRD6, ALX4, ALDH3B2, NT5DC3, TTC3, ZFAT and GLI2 with moderate variant effects impacting key hematologic processes. Conclusions: This high-dimensional screening against a backdrop of molecular alterations highlighted a potential for correlating differential drug activity with a patient's genetic landscape, with potential for experimental validation and clinical trial development. This pilot study further demonstrates that drug response in hematologic malignancy cell lines may be uniquely driven by a signature of molecular alterations sensitive to single or multiple therapeutic classes and provides rationale for novel drug discovery and drug repositioning in precision medicine. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Benavides-Villanueva, F., C. Corrales-Selaya, I. Ferraz-Amaro, N. Vegas-Revenga, V. Portilla, R. Blanco, M. A. González-Gay, and A. Corrales. "POS0623 SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS NOT RELATED WITH ACID URIC IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. STUDY OF 1005 PATIENTS OF A SINGLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 579.2–580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4005.

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BackgroundRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Gout are associated with an increase of cardiovascular (CV) disease (1,2). Carotid plaques and increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) are surrogate markers of CV mortality (3). The association of serum uric acid (SUA) levels as an independent factor of subclinical Atherosclerosis and mortality in RA remains not fully clarified (4,5).ObjectivesIn a wide cohort of patients with RA our aims were to assess the relationship of SUA with a) CV risk factors and b) presence of atherosclerosis.MethodsCross-sectional study including 1005 patients with RA from a Single University Center. The presence of Atherosclerosis (c-IMT and carotid plaque) was explored by Carotid Ultrasonography. The relationship between SUA and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis was studied through linear regression and logistic multivariate analysis.ResultsWe studied 1005 RA patients (741 women, 74%), mean age 61±13. The main general features, CV risks factors, RA activity data and current therapy are summarized in Table 1.Table 1.Main features of 1005 RA patientsGENERAL FEATURESRESULTSGENERAL FEATURES (CONTINUATION)RESULTS (CONTINUATION) Age, years, mean±SD60±13RA features Female/ Male, n (%)741 (74) / 264 (26)RA duration, years; mean±SD17±12CRP, mg/L, median, [IQR]3.0 [0.9-7.5]CV risk factorsESR, mm/ 1st hour; median, [IQR]14 [6-24] Past or Current smoker, n (%)539 (54)Rheumatoid factor, n (%)528 (53) Obesity/ Dyslipidemia, n (%)307 (31)/ 560 (56)ACPA, n (%)492 (50) Hypertension, n (%)453 (45)DAS28-ESR; mean±SD3.3 ± 1.5 Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)127 (13)DAS28-CRP; mean±SD3.1 ± 1.3 BMI, kg/m2, mean±SD28±5/93±15Uric acid Abdominal circumference cm; mean±SDUric acid level (mg/dl); mean±SD4.8 ± 1.4 Previous CV Events, n (%)125 (12) Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%)58 (6)Carotid Ultrasonography Gout / using drugs for hyperuricemia; n (%)20 (2)cIMT microns; mean±SD708 ± 157 Total cholesterol, mg/dl; mean±SD201±39Carotid plaque¸ n (%)617 (62) HDL cholesterol, mg/dl; mean±SD61±17 LDL cholesterol, mg/dl; mean±SD119 ± 32Abbreviations: ACPA: Anti–citrullinated protein antibody; BMI: Body mass index; CV: Cardiovascular; cIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; cm: centimeter; CRP: C Reactive protein; DAS28-ESR: Disease Activity Score-28 for Rheumatoid Arthritis with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; DAS28-PCR: Disease Activity Score-28 for Rheumatoid Arthritis with C reactive protein; dl: deciliter; ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IQR: Interquartile range; Kg: kilogram; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; mg: milligram; m2: square meter; n: number; RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; SD: Standard Deviation.SUA as a dependent variable was significantly correlated with age, male gender and most of CV risk factors (body mass index, abdominal circumference and obesity) (single-variable analysis). Similarly, a significative beta coef. [95%CI] positive relationship with SUA was observed with hypertension (0.7 [0.5-0.8], p<0.001), diabetes (0.5 [0.2-0.7], p<0.001), dyslipidemia (0.2 [0.04-0.4], p=0.016), renal chronic insufficiency (1.5 [95CI 1.1-0.8], p<0.001) and previous CV events (0.8 [0.4-1.2], p<0.001).Subclinical Atherosclerosis, as dependent variable, was significantly correlated with SUA (single-variable analysis). In addition, SUA showed a positive significative beta coef. [95%CI] relationship with cIMT (18 [12-25], p<0.001) and the presence of carotid plaques (1.29 [17-1.42], p<0.001). However, statistical significance was not observed in the multivariable analysis adjusted by Classic CV Risk Factors.ConclusionIn RA, SUA is related with most of CV risk factors. However, SUA is not associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis.References[1]Aviña-Zubieta JA, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2008,15;59:1690-7.[2]Klein R, et al. Arch Intern Med 1973, 132:401–410.[3]de Groot E, et al. Circulation, 2004,109:33–38.[4]Lauren Shahin, et al Cureus 2021. 5; 13.:e14855.[5]Chiou A, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020, 72:950-958.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Cozzi, G., M. Lorenzin, M. S. Chimenti, S. D’angelo, A. Marchesoni, C. Salvarani, E. Lubrano, et al. "POS0297 EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF SECUKINUMAB IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A 24-MONTH PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER REAL-LIFE STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4111.

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BackgroundAxial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) can be distinguished in radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic (nr-axSpA). Secukinumab (SEC) is a novel treatment for axSpA, but data from real-life are still missing.ObjectivesTo evaluate, in a multicentric-Italian-cohort of axSpA patients on SEC followed for 24-months: a)the long-term effectiveness and safety of SEC; b)the drug-retention-rate and low-disease-activity (LDA) measured as BASDAI<4/ASDAS<2.1 and very-low-disease-activity (VLDA) measured as BASDAI<2/ASDAS<1.3; c)any differences in outcomes according to: line of biological treatment (naïve/non-naïve), gender (male/female), subtype of axSpA (r-axSpA/nr-axSpA).MethodsConsecutive patients with active axSpA (diagnosis according Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society ASAS criteria), who started SEC treatment, were evaluated prospectively. Data on disease characteristics, previous/ongoing treatments and imaging were collected. Disease-activity/functional/clinical scores and biochemical values were recorded at baseline (T0), at 6 (T6), 12 (T12), and 24 (T24) months. Effectiveness was evaluated over-time with descriptive statistics; multivariate Cox and logistic regression models were used to evaluate predictors of drug-discontinuation and LDA at T6. Infections, adverse events were recorded.Results249 patients (47.8% male; median age 51 years) were enrolled; 40.9% had HLA-B27; 53.8% had r-axSpA and 46.2% nr-axSpA. SEC was prescribed in 28.9% naïve and in 71.1% non-naïve patients. SEC effectiveness was shown as an improvement in several outcomes, such as ASDAS [T0=3.5(2.9-4.4) vs. T24=1.9(1.2-2.4);p=0.02] and BASDAI [T0=6.5(5.0-7.5) vs. T24=2.8(1.8-4.0);p=0.03]. After 24-months of treatment, 90.7% of naïve and 75.3% of non-naïve patients achieved LDA (BASDAI<4). At T24 naïve-patients showed better physical-functioning and lower disease-activity than non-naïve (Table 1). Similarly, at T24 we observed better physical functioning and lower inflammatory activity in males vs. females and in nr-axSpA vs. r-axSpA subjects. Retention-rate at T24 was 75% in the whole population, with some difference depending on gender (log-rank 9.319; p=0.002) (Figure 1). Treatment was discontinued in 61 patients (24.5%), mainly due to primary/secondary loss of effectiveness events (20 and 24 subjects, respectively), and only 17 patients (6.8%) due to adverse events (7 for reactions at the injection site or skin manifestations, 1 for gastro-intestinal complications, 1 for relapsing uveitis, 1 for hypertransaminasemia, 4 for severe recurrent infections, 3 due to the onset of new cancer).Table 1.Clinical, functional, disease activity and serological parameters of naïve (n=72) and non-naïve (n=177) axSpA patients during the 24-month follow-upT0T6T12T24BASMI [0-10], median (IQR)naïve2.0 (1.0-4.0)2.0 (0.0-3.3)1.0 (0.0-2.8)1.0 (0.0-2.0)non-naïve4.0 (1.0-7.0)4.0 (1.0-7.0)2.0 (1.0-4.0)2.0 (1.0-3.0)pp=0.03p=0.04nsnsHAQ-S [0-8], median (IQR)naïve0.8 (0.5-1.3)0.5 (0.0-1.0)0.3 (0.0-1.0)0.1 (0.0-0.5)non-naïve1.1 (0.8-1.5)1.0 (0.4-1.3)0.6 (0.4-0.9)0.7 (0.1-0.9)pp=0.04p=0.04p=0.04p=0.04ASDAS [0-6], median (IQR)naïve3.3 (2.7-3.9)2.1 (1.6-2.7)2.0 (1.2-2.8)1.3 (1.0-2.2)non-naïve3.7 (2.9-4.7)2.9 (2.0-3.7)2.1 (1.9-3.1)2.3 (1.6-2.3)pnsnsnsp=0.04ESR [0-25](mm/h), median (IQR)naïve14.0 (6.0-27.0)10.0 (4.0-19.5)8.0 (3.1-12.8)5.0 (2.0-15.0)non-naïve18.5 (10.0-31.3)15.0 (8.0-25.0)12.0 (6.0-20.0)12.0 (6.0-19.0)pp=0.04p=0.04p=0.04p=0.04Legend: BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire modified for spondyloarthritis; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rateConclusionIn a real-life clinical-setting, SEC proved to be safe and effective in axSpA, mainly in naïve-patients, with a notable drug-retention-rate. No differences were observed between r-axSpA and nr-axSpA.AcknowledgementsContributing authors of the Spondyloartritis and Psoriatic Arthritis SIR Study Group “Antonio Spadaro”: Alberto Cauli, MD, PhD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy; Angelo Semeraro, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Martina Franca-ASL Taranto, Puglia, Italy; Leonardo Santo, MD, Rheumatology Unit, ASL BT Andria – DSS4 Barletta, Italy, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Puglia, Italy; Emanuela Praino, MD, Rheumatology Unit, ASL BT Andria – DSS4 Barletta, Italy, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Puglia, Italy; Giorgio Amato, MD, Rheumatology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico S. Marco, Catania, Sicilia, Italy; Nicolò Girolimetto, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Reggio Emilia, Emilia Romagna, Italy.Disclosure of InterestsGiacomo Cozzi: None declared, Mariagrazia Lorenzin: None declared, Maria Sole Chimenti: None declared, Salvatore D’Angelo: None declared, Antonio Marchesoni: None declared, Carlo Salvarani: None declared, Ennio Lubrano: None declared, Luisa Costa: None declared, Ylenia Dal Bosco: None declared, Elena Fracassi: None declared, Augusta Ortolan: None declared, Mario Ferraioli: None declared, Antonio Carriero: None declared, elisa visalli: None declared, RICCARDO BIXIO: None declared, Francesca Desiati: None declared, ALBERTO BERGAMINI: None declared, elisa pedrollo: None declared, Andrea Doria Grant/research support from: Novartis, Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Janssen, Rosario Foti: None declared, Antonio Carletto: None declared, Roberta Ramonda Grant/research support from: Novartis, Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Janssen

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Yoshikawa, T., T. Furukawa, T. Hashimoto, M. Morimoto, N. Azuma, and K. Matsui. "AB0401 THE BASELINE SERUM SOLUBLE TNF RECEPTOR LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESPONSE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS TO JAKinibs." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1329.2–1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2046.

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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the multiple joints.The elucidation of the pathogenesis of RA has progressed dramatically in recent decades, and among the many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of RA, interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α are known to be the major pro-inflammatory cytokines that are abundant in the bloodstream and synovial tissue. JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) such as tofacitinib and baricitinib are used in the treatment of RA by inhibiting JAK, which in turn inhibits the signaling of various cytokines including IL-6. However, predictors of the response to JAKinibs are still required.ObjectivesWe aimed to combine soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) I, sTNFR II, IL-6, soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) and soluble gp130 (sgp130) levels to identify groups of JAKinibs responses in RA patients.MethodsThis research is a retrospective study. We reviewed medical records of RA patients initiating JAKinibs between July 2013 and July 2021 in our hospital. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) was evaluated at baseline and 3, 6 months after JAKinibs administration. Clinical remission was defined when SDAI decreased ≤ 3.3. Of the 125 patients treated with JAKinibs, 89 patients with 6 months follow-up, valid SDAI and serum available were enrolled. Serum samples were tested for IL-6 (Human IL-6 Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D systems), sIL-6R (Human soluble IL-6R alpha Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D systems) and sgp130 (Human soluble gp130 Quantikine ELISA Kit, R&D systems), sTNFR I (Human TNF RI/TNFRSF1A Quantikine ELISA Kit DRT100) and sTNFR II (Human sTNF RII/TNFRSF1B Quantikine ELISA Kit DRT200) using specific ELISAs according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The statistical analyses were performed with EZR 1.55, and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe median age of patients was 62 (IQR: 51 - 72) years and the median of disease duration was 6.0 (2.0 - 16.0) years. Twenty-seven (30.3%) patients were biologics and Jakinibs naive. The baseline SDAI was median 18.9 (12.7 - 27.9). When comparing SDAI-remission group (clinical remission: CR) and non-remission group, there were no significant differences in any of the baseline clinical parameters. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 between the CR and non-CR groups, but the serum levels of sTNFR I and sTNFR II in the CR group were significantly lower than non-CR group. Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested Biologics and JAKinibs naive (odds ratio (OR) 3.58, p = 0.015), baseline Log sTNFR II levels (OR 0.013, P=0.034) as predictors of SDAI remission treated with JAKinibs at 6 months. Although not significant, Stage IV (OR 0.211, P=0.082) and baseline Log sTNFR I serum levels (OR 0.013, P=0.065) were associated with clinical remission.ConclusionRA patients could be easily stratified prior to JAKinibs intervention with serum sTNFR II and sTNFR I levels, not but IL-6 axis cytokines (IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130).Univariate logistic regression analysis for clinical remission in patients treated with JAKinibs. Odds Ratio[95% C.I.]P ValueAge, year0.973[0.942 - 1.010]0.104Female (%)0.820[0.231 - 2.910]0.759BMI0.968[0.847 - 1.110]0.627Duration, year0.952[0.897 - 1.010]0.110StageIreferrenceII0.857[0.218 - 3.370]0.825III0.444[0.072 - 2.740]0.382IV0.211[0.036 - 1.220]0.082Biologic/JAKi naïve3.580[1.280 - 9.950]0.015JAKi Drug-Baricitinibreferrence-Tofacitinib1.780[0.659 - 4.800]0.256MTX use1.640[0.532 - 5.30]0.390PSL use0.476[0.176 - 1.290]0.143SASP use0.783[0.268 - 2.290]0.654IGU use0.328[0.039 - 2.750]0.304BUC use0.436[0.051 - 3.760]0.450TAC use0.233[0.029 - 1.910]0.1750W IL-6, pg/mL0.991[0.977 - 1.000]0.1980W sIL-6R, ng/mL0.983[0.947 - 1.02]0.3690W sgp130, ng/mL0.998[0.994 - 1.000]0.4440W sTNFR II/I ratio0.808[0.222 - 2.940]0.7460W Log sTNFR II, pg/mL0.002[0.0000653 - 0.634]0.0340W Log sTNFR I, pg/mL0.013[0.000126 - 1.300]0.065Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Yang, Keri, Sizhu Liu, Debra Irwin, Elizabeth Packnett, Carolyn R. Lew, Virginia Noxon, Boxiong Tang, and Asher Chanan-Khan. "Productivity Loss and Indirect Costs Among Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients and Their Caregivers." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148443.

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Abstract Introduction: The impact of cancer care and management beyond treatment is significantly high for cancer patients. Due to the complexities of cancer treatment, patients are heavily reliant upon ancillary support often rendered by friends and family. One significant yet unquantifiable impact of cancer on society is productivity loss of both patients and their caregivers. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is considered largely incurable with a protracted clinical course punctuated with multiple remission and relapses, warranting repeated treatment and intensive clinical testing, which necessitates significant engagement of patients and caregivers. Many patients are members of the workforce at the age of diagnosis. Both working patients and caregivers need time for medical care, which translates to indirect economic impact due to lost productivity. The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the productivity loss and indirect costs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), or Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and their caregivers. Methods: The MarketScan Commercial and Health and Productivity Management databases were used to identify patients with CLL, MCL, MZL, and WM (using ICD-9/ICD-10 codes) who were continuously enrolled for ≥6 months pre- and ≥1 month post-diagnosis (index date) from 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2019. The final study cohort included patients aged 18-64 who were full-time workers with eligibility of absentee, or short-/long-term disability on index date and for ≥1 month in follow-up. Those who were pregnant during the study period were excluded. Adult, full-time employed caregivers, defined as family members covered under the same health plan as the patient, and continuously enrolled ≥6 months pre- and ≥1 month post-index, were also identified. Among those with eligibility, the percentage with a claim of absentee, short- or long-term disability (patients only), and associated productivity time loss and indirect costs during follow-up were examined. Lost wages were calculated using the US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2019 report. For short- or long-term disabilities, mean daily wages were reduced to 70% of typical wages. Productivity time loss and costs were reported per-patient-per-month (PPPM) for each lymphoma. Results: The final patient cohort included 3,450 CLL, 448 MCL, 1,052 MZL and 394 WM patients; the caregiver cohort included 1,435 CLL, 171 MCL, 437 MZL and 190 WM caregivers. Among eligible patients, there were higher proportions of patients that had absentee claims (CLL, 76%; MCL, 72%; MZL, 72%; WM, 82%), followed by short-term disability (CLL, 16%; MCL, 36%; MZL, 18%; WM, 17%) and long-term disability (CLL, 3%; MCL, 10%; MZL, 3%; WM, 3%) (Figure 1A). The proportions of caregivers with absentee claims (CLL, 78%; MCL, 90%; MZL, 69%; WM, 75%) were also higher than those with short-term disability (CLL, 7%; MCL, 10%; MZL, 4%; WM, 8%) (Figure 1B). For all 4 lymphoma types, average illness-related absentee hours were higher in patients than caregivers (CLL, 9.5 vs 6.9; MCL, 44.5 vs 3.6; MZL, 17.0 vs 5.0; WM, 18.2 vs 8.1). A similar pattern was observed for short-term disability days (CLL, 6.9 vs 4.2; MCL, 10.8 vs 3.4; MZL, 7.0 vs 2.2; WM, 6.7 vs 4.8). Average PPPM indirect costs were higher for patients with long-term disability (CLL, $1,433; MCL, $1,233; MZL, $1,302; WM, $2,056) than with short-term disability (CLL, $1,203; MCL, $1,950; MZL, $1,145; WM. $1,177) or absentee claims (CLL, $365; MCL, $1,606; MZL, $612; WM, $662), except for patients with MCL (Figure 2A). Similar trends were observed among caregivers, though the indirect costs due to absenteeism and short-term disability were higher in patients than caregivers (Figure 2B). Conclusions: This real-world evidence study uncovered patients with CLL, MCL, MZL and WM and their caregivers incur substantial disease burden as shown by their productivity loss and indirect costs. Effective treatments that can offer a cure or better remission rates and shorter duration with less toxicity may not only enhance the patients and caregivers' quality of life but also reduce work loss. The availability of oral, targeted therapies has resulted in higher remission rates, durable responses, manageable toxicities and improved quality of life in trials. Future studies are needed to understand the impact of these oral, targeted therapies on patients' and caregivers' productivity. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Yang: BeiGene, Ltd.: Current Employment. Liu: BeiGene, Ltd.: Current Employment. Irwin: IBM Watson Health: Current Employment; BeiGene, Ltd.: Consultancy. Packnett: IBM Watson Health: Current Employment; BeiGene, Ltd.: Consultancy. Lew: BeiGene, Ltd.: Consultancy; IBM Watson Health: Current Employment. Noxon: BeiGene, Ltd.: Consultancy; IBM Watson Health: Current Employment. Tang: BeiGene, Ltd.: Current Employment. Chanan-Khan: BieGene, Jansen, Ascentage: Consultancy; BeiGene, Jansen, Ascentage: Honoraria; Alpha2 Pharmaceuticals: Patents & Royalties: Tabi; Cellectar: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Ascentage, Starton, Cellectar, NonoDev, Alpha2 Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alpha2 Pharmaceuticals, NonoDev, Starton: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Ascentage: Research Funding.

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Ishola, Titilope, and Charles T. Quinn. "Transcranial Doppler Peak Systolic Velocities Overestimate The Risk Of Stroke In Sickle Cell Anemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2240.2240.

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Abstract Background Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have a high risk of stroke that can be estimated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). The gold standard TCD measurement to determine the risk of primary stroke is the time-averaged mean of the maximum velocity (TAMMV) in specific intracranial arteries. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), a different TCD measurement, has been proposed as an alternative method for risk stratification, especially for imaging TCD (TCDi) techniques (Jones et al. 2005). Although PSV has been little studied for this purpose, some centers use PSV in addition to TAMMV for the classification of risk of stroke by TCD for clinical care. A systematic bias in the classification of risk of stroke by PSV (higher or lower compared to TAMMV) would substantially affect medical resources and patient outcomes. Objective Describe the test performance characteristics of PSV compared to TAMMV for the classification of risk of stroke in children with SCA and determine the suitability of PSV for classification of TCDs in clinical practice. Methods We studied all patients in our center with homozygous HbSS, sickle-β0-thalassemia, or sickle-Hb D disease (all genotypes referred to here as SCA) who were ≥2 years of age and had a clinical TCD (all by TCDi technique) between 1998-2013. For each patient, the single most recent TCD performed >30 days from a transfusion was used, except for patients receiving chronic transfusions for whom the TCD before the initiation of chronic transfusions was used. Patients were included only once in this analysis. The highest TAMMV and PSV were recorded for the distal internal carotid artery (DICA), bifurcation and middle cerebral artery on the right and left sides of the brain. The TAMMV in each vessel was classified using modified STOP velocity criteria for TCDi: <155, normal; 155-184, conditional; ≥185 abnormal. The PSV in each vessel was classified using criteria proposed by Jones et al.: <200, normal; 200-249, conditional; ≥250 abnormal. Two overall TCD classifications, using either TAMMV or PSV, were made according to standard STOP methods by considering the worst (most abnormal) classification of any vessel as the overall classification. The primary outcome was the multi-level agreement between overall TCD classification based on TAMMV and PSV as measured by the kappa statistic. Kappa was also calculated for individual vessels to determine if agreement differed by anatomic site. Coefficients of determination (r2) were calculated using Pearson correlation. Results We studied 120 patients with SCA [mean age 12.0 years ± 6.0 (S.D.); 51.1% male]. Fifty-nine (49%) had at least one prior transfusion that was given a mean of 588 (median 387) days before the TCD (none ≤40 days). The distribution of overall TCD classification by simultaneous TAMMV and PSV is shown in the Figure (Panel A). The distribution of classifications by TAMMV, compared to PSV, better approximates the expected distribution in a screening population. Classifications by PSV were skewed higher, giving more conditional and abnormal results, when compared to classification by TAMMV (P<0.0001). Kappa was 0.488 (P<0.001) for overall TCD classification, indicating only moderate agreement between the TAMMV and PSV methods. Agreement between TAMMV and PSV classification was highest (“substantial”) in the right and left DICA (k: 0.657–0.717, P<0.001). Agreement was only moderate in all other vessels (k: 0.428–0.539, P<0.001). Compared to TAMMV, use of PSV resulted in misclassification of 28% of overall TCD interpretations (Figure, Panel B); 32 studies (27%) were up-coded (27 normal to conditional; 5 conditional to abnormal). Only 1 study was down-coded (abnormal to conditional). Considering TAMMV and PSV as continuous variables, TAMMV accounted for 84.2-90.2% (r2) of the variation in PSV across different vessels; so, approximately 10-15% of the variability in PSV is not explained by TAMMV. Conclusions The use of PSV (rather than TAMMV) to classify TCDs overestimates the risk of stroke for almost one-third of children with SCA. This systematic bias will unnecessarily increase anxiety, the frequency of follow-up testing, and use of chronic transfusions for primary stroke prophylaxis. PSV should not be used for primary classification of TCDs in clinical practice. Jones A et al. Can peak systolic velocities be used for prediction of stroke in sickle cell anemia? Pediatr Radiol. 2005;35:66-72. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Edralin, Divina, and Ronald Pastrana. "Developing an Instrument to Assess Organizational Readiness for a Sustainable E-Learning in the New Normal." Bedan Research Journal 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v6i1.20.

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E-learning is aptly a practical response to continuous learning given the surge in the use of information technology, and economic disruptions impinging on the schools. The need to shift to e-learning has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, we sought to develop an organizational assessment instrument to internally ascertain the level of readiness of the school for sustainable e- learning in the new normal. This assessment instrument was primarily developed for the use of the Mendiola Consortium member schools in their pursuit to conduct elearning. We intended that as an internal self-assessment it can diminish the threat of failure and provide some assurance of the successful implementation of e-learning. We noted that many survey instruments had been made to assess organizational readiness as a construct for e-learning. However, it revealed that these instruments have varying limitations in validity and reliability to establish the domains of organizational readiness for e-learning. We anchored our study on the organizational readiness model developed by Schreurs and Al-Huneidi (2012) and Mercado (2002). From our review of related literature, we were able to generate seven basic dimensions of our model, namely: teacher, student, curriculum, technology, administrative support, financial support, and learning environment. We used a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approach to come up with a validated instrument. We conducted a three-phase approach in developing the instrument. The final instrument yielded 45 items to be rated on a five-point Likert scale. For its content validity, the Item-Content Validity Index ranged from 0.91 to 0.96, while the Scale-Content Validity Index was 0.94. It has a Cronbach alpha of .975 for its reliability. ReferencesAlok , Kumar (2011). Student Evaluation of Teaching: An Instrument and a Development Process. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 23(2), 226-235. http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/Aldowah, H., Ghazal, S., & Muniandy, B. (2015). Issues and challenges of using e-learning in a Yemeni Public University. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(32), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i32/92160Al-Fadhli, S. (2008). Students’ perceptions of e-learning in Arab Society: Kuwait University as a case study. E-Learning, 5(4), 418-428.https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2008.5.4.418Al-Hunaiyyan, A., Al-Huwail, N., & Al-Sharhan, S., (2008). Blended learning design: Discussion of cultural issues. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, 1, 17-32.Aronen, R., & Dierssen, G. (2001). Improving equipment reliability through e-learning. Hydrocarbon Processing, 80(9), 47-60.Brown, J.D. (2009a). Statistics Corner. Questions and answers about testing statistics: Principal components analysis and exploratoryfactor analysis-Definitions, differences, and choices. Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter. 13(1), 26-30. Also retrieved from www at http://jalt.org/test/bro_29.htmBrown, J.D. (2009b). Statistics Corner. Questions and answers about testing statistics: Choosing the Right Type of Rotation in PCA and EFA. Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter. 13(2), 19-23. Also retrieved from www at http://jalt.org/test/bro_30.htmChapnick, S. (2000). Are you ready for e-learning? Learning Circuits: ASTD’s Online Magazine All About E-Learning. Retrieved May 21, 2011, from, http://www.astd.org/LC/2000/1100_chapnick.htmCoakes ,S.J (2013). SPSS: Analysis without Anguish : Version 20 for Windows .retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/spssanalysis-without-anguish-version-20-for-windows/oclc/795333279.Creswell, J.W (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.Comeaux, P., & McKenna-Byington, E. (2003). Computer-mediated communication in online and conventional classrooms: Some implications for instructional design and professional development programmes. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(4), 348-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/1470329032000128387Coppola, N. W., Hiltz, S. R., & Rotter, N. G. (2002). Becoming a virtual professor: Pedagogical roles and asynchronous learning networks. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(4):169-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045703Dancey,C. & Reidy,J. (2017). Statistics without Math for Psychology, 7th Ed. University of East London. Pearson.Dray, B.J., Lowenthal,P.R., Miszkiewicz, M.J., Ruiz-Primo, M.A, and Marczynski, K. (2011). Developing an instrument to assess student readiness for online learning: a validation study. Distance Education, Vol.32., No.1,29-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2011.565496El-Seoud, S., Taj-Eddin, I., Seddiek, N., El-Khouly, M., Nosseir, A. (2014). E-Learning and Students’ Motivation: A Research Study on the Effect of E-Learning on Higher Education https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264417866_ELearning_and_Students'_Motivation_AResearch_Study_on_the_Effect_of_ELearning_on_Higher_EducationEom, S., Wen, H. J. & Ashill, N. (2006). The determinants of students' perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4609.2006.00114.xFetaji, B., & Fetaji, M. E-learning indicators: A multi-dimensional modelfor planning and evaluating e-Learning software solutions. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 7(1), 1-28. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ867099.pdfGoh, C. F., Leong, C. H., Kasmin, K., Hii, P. K. &Tan, O. K. (2017). 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The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue De La Pensée Éducative, 50(2&3), 182-199. https://doi.org/10.11575/jet.v50i2&3.44321Marek, K. (2009). Learning to teach online: creating a culture of support for faculty. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 50(4), 275-292. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40732589Masoumi, D. (2006). Critical factors for effective e-learning. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237556479.McLoughlin, C. & Oliver, R. (2000). Designing learning environments for cultural inclusivity: A case study of indigenous online learning at tertiary level. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 16(1), 58-72. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1822 McQuiggan, C. (2007). The role of faculty development in online teaching’s potential to question teaching beliefs and assumptions. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 10(3). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1065614Mercado, C. A. (2008). 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Andrade Júnior, Francisco Patricio de, Brenda Tamires de Medeiros Lima, Brencarla de Medeiros Lima, Laísa Vilar Cordeiro, Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa, and Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima. "Contamination of chickens by Salmonella spp., in Brazil: an important public health problem." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4793.

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Introduction: Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are important pathogens involved in the contamination of various foods, such as chickens, and may cause food poisoning. Aim: The present study aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of chickens contaminated with Salmonella spp., which are commercializated in different Brazilian states. Material and methods: This was a literary review. The absolute frequency and the total percentage of contaminated samples was calculated and the Qui-square statistical test was applied, considering statistically significant p <0.05. Results: 616 publications were retrieved, but only 10 articles were included to compose the results. The cataloged studies were carried out in 14 different brazilian states, and it was observed that of 5,030 chicken samples analyzed, the mean prevalence of samples contaminated with Salmonellawas 7,3% (n= 365). In addition, the prevalence of samples in the different studies ranged from 2.5% to 44.6%. The most prevalent serotype was S. Enteritidis (28,7%) and a statistically significant association between the type of raw material for commercialization and the result of the chicken samples microbiological analysis was observed (p<0.001), where the carcasses represented 90.1% of the contaminated samples. Conclusion: Thus, the data presented in this study can serve as subsidy for the development of necessary, political or legislative, measures that allow a better control of commercialized chickens in Brazil.Descriptors: Salmonella; Foodborne Diseases; Epidemiology.ReferencesSouza GC, Gonsalves HRO, Gonsalves HEO, Coêlho JLS. Característica microbiológica da carne de frango. ACSA. 2014;10(1):12-17.Pinto LAM, Pinto MM, Bovo J, Mateus GAP, Tavres FO, Baptista ATA, et al. Aspectos ambientais do abate de aves: uma revisão. Rev Uningá. 2018;22(3):44-50.Oliveira ME, Oliveira RLZ, Souza MFLZ, Harada ES, Tech ARB. Desenvolvimento de sensores para monitoramento de ambiente aviário com ênfase em controle térmico. Int J Agric & Biol Eng. 2018;12(3):234-40.Cintra APR, Andrade MCG, Lazarini MM, Assis DCS, Silva GR, Menezes LDM, et al. Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootc. 2016;68(3):814-20.Rückert DAS, Pinto PSA, Santos BM, Moreira MAS, Rodrigues ACA. Pontos críticos de controle de Salmonella spp. no abate de frangos. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2009;61(2):326-30.Oliveira AP, Sola MC, Feistel JC, Moreira NM, Oliveira JJ. 2013. Salmonella enterica: genes de virulência e ilhas de patogenicidade. Enciclopedia Biosfera. 2013;9(16):1947-72.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde [homepage na internet]. Surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos no Brasil [acesso em 15 jul 2018]. Disponível em: http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2018/julho/02/Apresentacao-Surtos-DTA-Junho-2018.pdf.Borsoi A, Moraes HLS, Salle CTP, Nascimento VP. Número mais provável de Salmonella isoladas de carcaças de frango resfriadas. Ciênc Rural. 2010;40(11):2338-42.Cardoso KF, Rall VLM, Mendes AA, Paz ICLA, Komiyama CM. Pesquisa de salmonella e coliformes termotolerantes em cortes de frango obtidos no comércio de Botucatu/SP. Hig Aliment. 2009;23(176/179):165-68.Cunha-Neto AD, Carvalho LA, Carvalho RCT, Dos Prazeres Rodrigues D, Mano SB, Figueiredo EES, Conte-Junior CA. Salmonella isolated from chicken carcasses from a slaughterhouse in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil: antibiotic resistance profile, serotyping, and characterization by repetitive sequence-based PCR system. Poult Sci. 2018;97(4):1373-81. Duarte DAM, Ribeiro AR, Vasconcelos AMM, Santos SB, Silva JVD, Andrade PLA, et al. Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken carcasses and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Braz J Microbiol. 2009;40(3):569-73.Medeiros MA, Oliveira DC, Rodrigues DP, Freitas DR. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 Brazilian cities. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011;30(6):555-60.Menezes LDM, Lima AL, Pena EC, Silva GR, Klein RWT, Silva CA, et al. Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2018;70(2):623-27.Moreira GN, Rezende CSM, Carvalho RN, Mesquita SQP, Oliveira AN, Arruda MLT. Ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em carcaças de frangos abatidose comercializados em municípios do estado de Goiás. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2008;67(2):126-30.Possebon FS, Costa LFZP, Yamatogi RS, Rodrigues MV, Sudano MJ, Pinto JPAN. A refrigeração no diagnóstico de Salmonella spp. utilizando o método microbiológico tradicional e reação em cadeia da polimerase em carcaças de frango. Ciênc Rural. 2012;42(1):131-35.Tessari ENC, Cardoso ALSP, Kanashiro AMI, Stoppa GFZ, Luciano RL, Castro AGM. Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos industrialmente processadas procedentes de explorações industriais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Cienc Rural, 2008; 38(9):2557-60.Yamatogi RS, Galvão JA, Baldini ED, Souza Júnior LCT, Rodrigues MV, Pinto JPAN. Avaliação da unidade analítica na detecção de Salmonella spp. em frangos a varejo. Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2011;70(4):637-40.Sharma J, Kumar D, Hussain S, Pathak A, Shukla M, Kumar VP, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistence and virulence genes characterization of montyphoidal Salmonella isolated from retail chicken meat shops in Northern India. Food Control. 2019;102:104-11.Harb A, Babib I, Mezal EH, Kareem HS, Laird T, O’dea M, et al. Ocurrence, antimicrobial resistence and whole-genome sequencing analysis of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses imported into Iraq from four different countries. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018;284:84-90.Zwe YH, Yentang VC, Aung KT, Gutiérrez RA, Ng LC, Yuk HG. 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Growth and inactivation of Salmonella at low refrigerated storage temperatures and thermal inactivation on raw chicken meat and laboratory media: Mixed effect meta-analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and global Health. 2012;2(4):165-79.Cardoso ALSP, Tessari ENC. Salmonella enteritidis em aves e na saúde pública: revisão da literatura. R cient eletr Med Vet. 2013;11(21).Realpe-Delgado ME, Muñoz-Delgado AB, Donado-Godoy P, Rey-Ramírez LM, Díaz-Guevara PL, Arévalo-Mayorga SA. Epidemiología de Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes y Campylobacter spp., en la cadena productiva avícula. Iatreia. 2016;22(4):397-406.Shinohara NKS, Barros VB, Jimenez SMC, Machado ECL, Dutra RAF, Lima Filho JL. Salmonella spp., importante agente patogênico veiculado em alimentos. Ciênc. sáude coletiva. 2008;13(5):1675-83.Lv S, Si W, Yu S, Li Z, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang W, Liu S. Characteristics of invasion-reduced hilA gene mutant of Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro and in vivo. Res Vet Sci. 2015;101:63-8.Feasey NA, Hadfield J, Keddy KH, Dallman TJ, Jacobs J, Deng X, et al. Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings. Nat Genet. 2014;48(10):1211-17.

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Афолабі Олусегун Еммануель. "A Developmental Perspective to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.1.olu.

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The debate about diagnoses and treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children continue to range on between the developmental and biological perspectives. While there is increasing evidence that support the biological susceptibility of the disorder, a number of researches also emphasized the significant effect of environment on the syndrome. This study used developmental perspectives to evaluate and bring together various bio-psychosocial factors that impact on children diagnosed with ADHD. The study explored and integrated the existing and advancing study on ADHD to a more refined pattern that embraced developmental perspectives. The study also discussed how the linkage in childhood ADHD fits within the developmental psychopathology perspective. 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NA: Pergamon. Quay, H. C. (1996, January). Gray'sbehavioral inhibition in ADHD:An update. Paperpresented at the annual meeting of the InternationalSociety for Research in Child andAdolescent Psychopathology, Los Angeles, CA. Rader, R, McCauley L,& Callen, E.C. (2009). Current strategies in thediagnosis andtreatment of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American FamilyPhysician, 79, 657–665. Robbins, T. W. (2003). Dopamine and cognition. Currpin Neurol,16, (2), S1–S2. Rutter, M, Cox, A, Tupling, C, Berger, M, &Yule, W. (1975). Attainment and adjustmentin two geographical areas. 1—The prevalence of psychiatric disorders. British Journal ofPsychiatry, 126, 493–509. Rutter, M., &Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts andchallenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 265–296. Sergeant, J. (2000). The cognitive-energetic model: An empiricalapproach to attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscienceand Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 7–12. Sherman D, McGue M, &Iacono W (1997). Twin concordance for attention deficithyperactivity disorder: A comparison of teachers’ and mothers’reports. American Journalof Psychiatry, 154, 532–535. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Auerbach, J., Campbell, S. B., Daley, D., & Thompson, M. (2005).Preschool varieties of hyperactive and dysregulated behaviour: Multiple pathways betweenrisk and disorder. Developmental Science, 8 , 141–150. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Bitsakou, P., & Thompson, M. (2010). Beyond the dual pathwaymodel: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delayrelated impairments inattention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child andAdolescent Psychiatry, 49 , 345–355. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Halperin, J. (2010). Developmental phenotypes and causalpathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Potential targets for earlyintervention? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 368–398. Sprich-Buckminster S, Biederman J, Milberger S, Faraone S, &Krifcher LehmanB (1993):Are perinatal complications relevant to the manifestation ofADD? Issues of comorbidityand familiality. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,32,1032–1037 Swanson, J. M., Sunohara, G. A., Kennedy, J. L., Regino,R., Fineberg, E.,Wigal, T.,Lerner, M.,Williams, L., LaHoste,G. J.,&Wigal, S. (1998). Association of the dopaminereceptorD4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficithyperactivitydisorder (ADHD): A family–based approach.Molecular Psychiatry, 3, 38–41. Taylor, E. (1999). Developmental neuropsychopathology of attentiondeficit and impulsiveness. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 607–628. Thapar, A.,O’Donovan,M., &Owen,M. J. (2005b). The genetics of attention deficithyperactivity disorder. Human Molecular Genetics, 14, 275–282. Thapar, A., Langley, K.,O’Donovan,M. (2006). Refining the attention deficithyperactivity disorderphenotype formolecular genetic studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 11,714–720. Thapar A, Langley K, &Asherson P, (2007). Gene–environment interplay in attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. BritishJournal of Psychiatry 190, 1–3. Tochigi M, Okazaki Y, & Kato N, (2004). What causes seasonality of birth inschizophrenia? Neuroscience Res, 48, 1–11 Trent S & Davies W. (2012). The influence of sex-linked genetic mechanisms on attentionand impulsivity. Biological Psychology, 89, 1–13. United States, 2003 and 2007 (2010). Increasing prevalence of parent-reported attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder among children, MMWR Morb Mortal Wekly Rep, 59, 1439–43. Yehuda, R. (2000). Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of ClinicalPsychiatry, 61, 14–21. Zimmer, L (2009). Positron emission tomography neuroimagingfor a better understandingof the biology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology, 57, 601–607.

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Wójcik, Grzegorz, Izabela Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Zdziarski, and Konrad Jakubowski. "The specificity of work at the Emergency Medical Services and the psychological support of medical rescuers." Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences 65, no. 3 (September 24, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.600.

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Introduction: Professional work is an extremely important aspect of the life of an adult. Probably we all want to be satisfied with this, and not just financially. It can be a source of positive experiences, but also a huge negative burden. It often generates and provides us with many adverse reactions, strains or stresses. The aim of the study was to determine the current status of psychological support to Medical Rescue Teams, and the opinions of medical rescuers on the need for psychological help in their work.Materials and methods: A questionnaire was addressed to medical rescuers across the country; 115 respondents participated in the study. It was conducted in April 2016. A statistical analysis of results was performed using the statistical package PQStat ver. 1.6. Analyses of dependences were carried out with χ2 tests. Significance was considered at p < 0.05, and highly significant was taken at p < 0.01.Results: Almost 90% of respondents had never taken part in a psychological workshop. About 80% of medical rescuers had never participated in training courses on the techniques of relieving tension. In the workplaces of 98 (85.2%) of the medical rescuers, there had never been any group meetings held in which stress was relieved via conversation. Sometimes such meetings were held in the workplaces of 17 (14.8%) of the medical rescuers. More than the half of respondents, 72 (62.6%) people, believe that such meetings are definitely needed and could be effective.Conclusions: 1. The current level of psychological support for Medical Rescue Teams is negligible. Only in a few workplaces it is offered to the medical rescuers. The majority of the study group were not provided access to a psychologist. 2. Medical rescuers believe that the profession requires working with a psychologist, and this cooperation should be ensured by the employer. 3. In 85.2% of cases there were no conversational meetings after difficult actions, with analysis and relieving of emotional tensions. If such meetings were held, almost 90% of respondents would participate. 4. The current ways of reducing stress for medical rescuers are not always safe for their health and can lead to addictions. A possible cause is non-attendance by the majority in workshops on the techniques of relieving tension and psychological training.

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Lucitt, Margaret B., Tom S. Price, Angel Pizarro, Weichen Wu, Anastasia Yocum Yocum, Christoph Seiler, Michael Pack, Ian A. Blair, Garret A. FitzGerald, and Tilo Grosser. "Abstract 613: A Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Embryonic Zebrafish Proteins." Circulation 116, suppl_16 (October 16, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_111-d.

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Zebrafish is an attractive vertebrate model organism for studies into the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development, pathology and pharmacology. Studies into the genetics of protein expression are largely constrained by the availability of specific antibodies. Mass spectrometry based proteomics methods have the potential to overcome these hurdles. This requires firstly an accurate characterization of proteins accessible to targeted quantitative analysis. We applied mass spectrometric proteomic methodology and statistical analysis to create profiles of proteins expressed during zebrafish embryonic development. We detected 1307 proteins from 327,906 peptide sequence identifications at 72 hpf and 120 hpf with false identification rates of less than 1% using two dimensional chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Close to two thirds of all detected proteins were derived from hypothetical or predicted gene models or were entirely unannotated. Comparison of protein expression in embryos by two dimensional gel electrophoresis differential in gel analysis (DIGE) revealed that proteins involved in energy production and transcription/ translation were relatively more abundant at 72 hpf consistent with the faster synthesis of cellular proteins during organismal growth. Pathway analysis revealed similar expression of proteins at both stages that relate to calcium, insulin receptor, ERK/MAP kinase, vascular epithelial growth factor signaling, and WNT/b-Catenin. Similarly both stages expressed proteins of the complement and coagulation cascades, GM-CSF, PTEN, and sonic hedgehog signaling and inflammatory signals. The data are accessible in a fully searchable database (http://bioinf.itmat.upenn.edu/zebrafish) that links protein identifications to existing resources including the Zebrafish Model Organism Database. This new resource should facilitate the selection of candidate proteins for targeted quantitation and may refine systematic genetic network analysis in vertebrate development and biology. This is the first large-scale proteome analysis of embryonic zebrafish tissue to reveal previously uncharacterized proteins and detect regulated proteins with relevance for cardiovascular function and development.

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Singh, Balbir, Jatinder Singh, Jaskaran Singh, Manmeet Kaur, Raaghvi Kohli, Garima Chawla, and Sonakshi. "Morbidity and Mortality Profile among Low Birth Weight Neonates- A Cross-sectional Study from Jalandhar, India." INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEONATAL MEDICINE AND RESEARCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/ijnmr/2021/50301.2314.

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Introduction: World Health Organisation (WHO) has defined Low Birth Weight (LBW) as weight at birth of fewer than 2,500 grams in the first hour of delivery. This practical cut-off for international comparison is based on epidemiological observations that infants weighing less than 2,500 gm are approximately 20 times more likely to die than babies with a normal birth weight. LBW is closely associated with neonatal and infant mortality and morbidity and stifled growth and cognitive development of children. Aim: To know the aetiological profile and outcome of admitted Low birth weight babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: The present study was hospital based retrospective study conducted on 610 neonates admitted in NICU at a teaching hospital, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, from January 2019 to December 2019. Neonate with birth weight less than 2500 gm and less than 28 days old were included in the study. The total subjects were divided into three groups- Group 1: Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) <1000 gm; Group 2: Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW): 1000- <1500 gm; Group 3: Low Birth Weight (LBW): 1500-<2500 gm. All the babies were investigated and managed as per standard hospital protocol. Data recorded were: demographic profile, aetiology, morbidity and mortality among LBW babies. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 21.0 using standard statistical tests. Results: Total number of LBW babies registered in the study was 610. Among them, weight of 72 (11.8%) of neonates were <1000 g (Group 1), 208 (34.1%) were weighed 1000-<1500 g (Group 2) and 330 (54.1%) were weighed between 1500-<2500 g (Group 3). The mortality rate was 3.77%. The major causes of admission observed in neonates were sepsis (45.2%), hyperbilirubinemia (29.5%), apnoea (24.2%), hypoglycaemia (21.9%) and respiratory distress (17.2%). Highest mortality was observed amongst cases with Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) (p<0.01). Two neonates out of total subjects 19 (3.1%) diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) succumbed to death, both belonging to group 1. Conclusion: The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in LBW babies were sepsis and Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) so we need to address this problem more effectively.

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Olusesan, Oyerinde Oyewole, Olaoye Titilayo Abike, Olaposi Basiru Abiola, Oyerinde Oluwayemisi Irene, George Glory Chinyere, and Adeoye Ayodele. "Effect of Socio-demographic Factors and Physical Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Health: Case Study of Fresh Students of Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria." Open Sports Sciences Journal 15, no. 1 (November 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x-v15-e2209060.

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Introduction: Sedentary behavior and lack of physical exercise are one of the strongest risk factors for many chronic diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, colon cancer, and depression. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the combined and relative effect of socio-demographic characteristics and physical exercise (PE) training on the cardiovascular health of freshmen of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental study that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. An all-inclusive sampling method was used to select all 72 volunteers for a pre-exercise medical evaluation, and questionnaires were administered to 600 volunteers for pre and post-data. The respondents were treated with a six-week dose of regular daily selected physical activities. The post-test was conducted, recorded, and subjected to statistical analysis using inferential statistics. Results: The mean age was 18±1.89 with the age of 17 forming the largest group, i.e., 218 (36.3%). Females, 379(65.2%), were slightly more than their male counterparts, 221 (36.8%). The results of pre-exercise showed that some, 9 (12.2%), had normal body temperature. The respondents who were obese and over-weighted were 25 (33.8) and 20 (27.1), and respondents with high mean arterial pressure were 15 (20.3), respectively. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the respondents tested showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the mean age, sex and marital status with respect to the blood sugar level, body temperature and the body mass index. MAP and irregular participation in physical activities were significant (P<0.05) among this group of students. The knowledge mean score (KMS) of 19.37±6.035 was high compared to a 27-point scale. There was no significant relationship between df=2, F=1.566 and P>0.005. Some, 160 (26.7%), had excellent overall physical health, and 173 (28.8%) had good overall physical health. There were significant interactional effects (F= 59.276, mean score within group 1.60, df 2, p = .000, R = -282) between groups and time for perceived benefits, interpersonal norms, social support, counter heart conditioning, stimulus control, and overall time spent on being physically active per week. Conclusion: In conclusion, a correlation was observed between the predictive factors and cardiovascular diseases; it was recommended that all students should be encouraged to engage in regular PE at a level appropriate to their capacities, needs, and interests to maintain optimal cardiovascular health status.

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Sunarno, Sunarno, Nelly Puspandari, Dwi Febriyana, Tati Febrianti, Ratih Dian Saraswati, Novi Sulistyaningrum, and Noer Endah Pracoyo. "Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Diphtheria Laboratory Examination: A Field Need." Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 14, no. 7 (September 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/jjm.117884.

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Background: Indonesia is one of the five countries with the highest number of diphtheria cases worldwide. Diphtheria is caused by the toxigenic strains Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, and C. pseudotuberculosis. The diphtheria-causing bacteria can be identified using conventional and molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. We used the PCR assay as additional testing, because in island countries like Indonesia, specimen transport is a serious challenge to maintaining bacterial survival. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the PCR assay as additional testing to identify diphtheria-causing bacteria in the diphtheria laboratory. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 178 pairs of the throat and nasal swabs from diphtheria suspected cases and close contacts were collected from seven provinces in Indonesia in 2016. All samples were directly identified by the conventional method and multiplex PCR assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using the 2 × 2 tables to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both methods, while the χ2 test was used to examine the correlation between specimen examination delay and the differentiation of results. A P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 178 examined samples, eight samples were identified as diphtheria-positive by both the conventional method and PCR assay, while nine samples were only detected by the PCR assay. All diphtheria-causing bacteria found in the positive samples were toxigenic C. diphtheriae. The diphtheria-causing bacteria were found in 27.6% of cases and 6.0% of close contacts using the PCR assay versus 13.8% of cases and 2.7% of close contacts using the conventional method. Statistical analysis showed that the PCR assay is about twice more sensitive than the conventional method. There was a significant correlation between the differentiation of results and > 72 hours’ specimen examination delay with a P-value of 0.04 (< 0.05). Conclusions: The PCR assay is more sensitive than the conventional method to identify diphtheria-causing bacteria and may be applied as additional testing to increase the positivity rate of diphtheria-confirmed cases in Indonesia as an archipelago country where geographical factors and specimen transport are real obstacles.

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Aladin, Amer I., David Whellan, Robert Mentz, Gordon Reeves, Pamela Duncan, Diego Malaver, Paul Rosenberg, Kathleen Fitzgerald, and Dalane Kitzman. "Abstract P160: Relationship of Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: The Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (The REHAB-HF Trial)." Circulation 137, suppl_1 (March 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p160.

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Introduction: Older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have impaired physical function (PF) and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, the relationship between impairments in PF and QOL are unknown but relevant to clinical practice and design of targeted intervention trials in this high-risk population. Methods: We assessed 202 consecutive patients hospitalized with ADHF in the multicenter Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute HF Patients (REHAB-HF) Trial. Standard measures of PF included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a validated PF outcome measure in frail elderly, and 6-minute Walking Distance (6MWD). QOL was assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Pearson’s correlation statistics examined associations between PF and QOL. Stepwise regressions were performed to identify independent predictors of QOL including PF measures, demographics, and disease severity indicators (NYHA class, previous hospitalizations, duration of current hospitalization, and number of HF signs and symptoms). Results: Participants were 72±7.5 years, BMI 33.2±8.8 kg/m 2 , 54% women, 52% non-white, 52% with reduced ejection fraction, and 44% with previous hospitalizations within 6 months. Participants had marked deficits in PF (SPPB 6.0±2.5 units, 6MWD 185±99 meters) and low QOL (KCCQ Physical Limitation Score (PLS) 47.3±23.8). There were modest but highly significant correlations of QOL measures with SPPB, 6MWD, and number of HF symptoms and signs (Table). Using stepwise regressions, 6MWD and BMI were modest, significant independent predictors of QOL (partial r=0.18, p=0.012 and partial r=-0.27, p=0.0003, respectively), while SPPB, demographics, and HF severity indicators were not. Conclusion: In older, hospitalized ADHF patients, PF and QOL are both severely impaired, but are only modestly related. PF and QOL assess unique domains of impairment and provide complementary information for characterizing clinically meaningful patient-oriented outcomes in ADHF.

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Tyagi, Sarika, G. S. Toteja, and Neena Bhatia. "Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association with Size of Offspring at Birth and One Year of Age (P11-031-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-031-19.

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Abstract Objectives In resource poor countries like India pregnant women are prone to inadequate dietary intake which causes macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies and consequently leads to low‐birth weight infants with higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Present study was planned with the following objectives: To assess dietary intake of pregnant women during third trimester.To correlate maternal dietary intake with size of infants at birth and at one year of age. Methods This longitudinal study was carried out among slum population of Delhi. Dietary intake data was obtained from 144 pregnant women during pregnancy (gestational age > 28 weeks) using 24 hr recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pregnant women were followed upto delivery and birth size (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) of infants was measured within 72 hours of birth. Infants were followed quarterly upto one year of age for anthropometric measurements. For statistical analysis One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used. Results Food consumption data revealed that average consumption of all food groups was lower than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and percentage adequacy was poor for cereals (96.25%), pulses (51.3%), green leafy vegetables (24.4%), other vegetables (42.5%), fruits (34.8%) and milk and milk products (36.9%).Median intake for all the nutrients was also found lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Percentage adequacy was alsopoor for energy (70.4%), protein (61.0%), thiamine (70.8%), riboflavin (28.6%), niacin (54.9%), B6 (41.6%), folates (35.1%), ascorbic acid (99.4%), retinol (16.2%), calcium (33.6%), iron (28.6%), magnesium (90.1%), and zinc (57.8%).Maternal food group intake and nutrient intake during pregnancy were found significantly correlated with weight, length and MUAC of infants at birth but not at 12 months of age. Even though birth weight and weight at 12 months increased consistently with increase in maternal energy and protein adequacy, this association was not significant at 12 months of age. Conclusions Dietary intake of pregnant women was lower than the recommended dietary intake among slum population of Delhi. Maternal dietary intake was found significantly associated with size of infants at birth. Funding Sources Indian Council Of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

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Hagen, Sal. "“Trump Shit Goes into Overdrive”: Tracing Trump on 4chan/pol/." M/C Journal 23, no. 3 (July 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1657.

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Content warning: although it was kept to a minimum, this text displays instances of (anti-Semitic) hate speech. During the 2016 U.S. election and its aftermath, multiple journalistic accounts reported on “alt-right trolls” emanating from anonymous online spaces like the imageboard 4chan (e.g. Abramson; Ellis). Having gained infamy for its nihilist trolling subcultures (Phillips, This Is Why) and the loose hacktivist movement Anonymous (Coleman), 4chan now drew headlines because of the alt-right’s “genuinely new” concoction of white supremacy, ironic Internet humour, and a lack of clear leadership (Hawley 50). The alt-right “anons”, as imageboard users call themselves, were said to primarily manifest on the “Politically Incorrect” subforum of 4chan: /pol/. Gradually, a sentiment arose in the titles of several news articles that the pro-Trump “alt-right trolls” had successfully won the metapolitical battle intertwined with the elections (Phillips, Oxygen 5). For instance, articles titled that “trolls” were “The Only True Winners of this Election” (Dewey) or even “Plotting a GOP Takeover” (Stuart).The headlines were as enticing as questionable. As trolling-expert Whitney Phillips headlined herself, the alt-right did not attain political gravity solely through its own efforts but rather was “Conjured Out of Pearl Clutching and Media Attention” (“The Alt-Right”), with news outlets being provoked to criticise, debunk, or sensationalise its trolling activities (Faris et al. 131; Phillips, “Oxygen” 5-6). Even with the right intentions, attempts at denouncement through using vague, structuralist notions–from “alt-right” and “trolls” to “the basket of deplorables” (Robertson) – arguably only strengthened the coherence of those it was meant to disavow (Phillips, Oxygen; Phillips et al.; Marantz). Phillips et al. therefore lamented such generalisations, arguing attributing Trump’s win to vague notions of “4chan”, “alt-right”, or “trolls” actually bestowed an “atemporal, almost godlike power” to what was actually an “ever-reactive anonymous online collective”. Therefore, they called to refrain from making claims about opaque spaces like 4chan without first “plotting the landscape” and “safeguarding the actual record”. Indeed, “when it comes to 4chan and Anonymous”, Phillips et al. warned, “nobody steps in the same river twice”.This text answers the call to map anonymous online groups by engaging with the complexity of testing the muddy waters of the ever-changing and dissimulative 4chan-current. It first argues how anti-structuralist research outlooks can answer to many of the pitfalls arising from this complex task. Afterwards, it traces the word trump as it was used on 4chan/pol/ to problematise some of the above-mentioned media narratives. How did anons consider Trump, and how did the /pol/-current change during the build-up of the 2016 U.S. elections and afterwards?On Researching Masked and Dissimulative ExtremistsWhile potentially playing into the self-imagination of malicious actors (Phillips et al.), the frequent appearance of overblown narratives on 4chan is unsurprising considering the peculiar affordances of imageboards. Imageboards are anonymous – no user account is required to post – and ephemeral – posts are deleted after a certain amount of activity, sometimes after days, sometimes after minutes (Bernstein et al.; Hagen). These affordances complicate studying collectives on imageboards, with the primary reasons being that 1) they prevent insights into user demographics, 2) they afford particularly dissimulative, playful discourse that can rarely be taken at face value (Auerbach; de Zeeuw and Tuters), and 3) the sheer volume of auto-deleted activity means one has to stay up-to-date with a rapid waterfall of subcultural ephemera. Additionally, the person stepping into the muddy waters of the chan-river also changes their gaze over time. For instance, Phillips bravely narrates how she once saw parts of the 4chan-stream as “fun” to only later realise the blatantly racist elements present from the start (“It Wasn’t Just”).To help render legible the changing currents of imageboard activity without relying on vague understandings of the “alt-right”, “trolls”, or “Anonymous”, anti-structuralist research outlooks form a possible answer. Around 1900, sociologists like Gabriel Tarde already argued to refrain from departing from structuralist notions of society and instead let social compositions arise through iterative tracing of minute imitations (11). As described in Bruno Latour’s Reassembling the Social, actor-network theory (ANT) revitalises the Tardean outlook by similarly criticising the notion of the “social” and “society” as distinct, sui-generis entities. Instead, ANT advocates tracing “flat” networks of agency made up of both human and non-human actors (165-72). By tracing actors and describing the emerging network of heterogeneous mediators and intermediaries (105), one can slowly but surely get a sense of collective life. ANT thus takes a page from ethnomethodology, which advocates a similar mapping of how participants of a group produce themselves as such (Garfinkel).For multiple reasons, anti-structuralist approaches like ANT can be useful in tracing elusive anonymous online groups and their changing compositions. First, instead of grasping collectives on imageboards from the outset through structuralist notions, as networked individuals, or as “amorphous and formless entities” (see e.g. Coleman 113-5), it only derives its composition after following where its actors lead. This can result in an empirical and literally objective mapping of their collectivity while refraining from mystifications and non-existent connections–so often present in popular narratives about “trolls” and the “alt-right”. At the same time, it allows prominent self-imaginations and mythologizations – or, in ANT-parlance, “localisations of the global” (Latour 173-190) – rise to the surface whenever they form important actors, which, as we will see, tends to happen on 4chan.Second, ANT offers a useful lens with which to consider how non-human actors can uphold a sense of collectivity within anonymous imageboards. This can include digital objects as part of the infrastructure–e.g. the automatically assigned post numbers having mythical value on 4chan (Beran, It Came From 69)–but also cultural objects like words or memes. Considering 4chan’s anonymity, this focus on objects instead of individuals is partly a necessity: one cannot know the exact amount and flow of users. Still, as this text seeks to show, non-human actors like words or memes can form suitable actors to map the changing collectivity of anonymous imageboard users in the absence of demographic insights.There are a few pitfalls worth noting when conducting ANT-informed research into extremist spaces like 4chan/pol/. The aforementioned ironic and dissimulative rhetoric of anonymous forum culture (de Zeeuw and Tuters) means tracing is complicated by implicit (yet omnipresent) intertextual references undecipherable to the untrained eye. Even worse, when misread or exaggerated, such tracing efforts can play into trolling tactics. This can in turn risk what Phillips calls “giving oxygen” to bigoted narratives by amplifying their presence (“Oxygen”). Since ANT does not prescribe what sort of description is needed (Latour 149), this exposure can be limited and/or critically engaged with by the researcher. Still, it is inevitable that research on extremist collectives adds at least some garbage to already polluted information ecologies (Phillips and Milner 2020), even when “just” letting the actors speak (Venturini). Indeed, this text will unfortunately also show hate speech terms below.These complications of irony and amplification can be somewhat mitigated by mixing ethnographic involvement with computational methods. Together, they can render implicit references explicit while also mapping broad patterns in imitation and preventing singular (misleading) actors from over-dominating the description. When done well, such descriptions do not only have to amplify but can also marginalise and trivialise. An accurate mapping can thereby counter sensationalist media narratives, as long as that is where the actors lead. It because of this potentiality that anti-structuralist tracing of extremist, dissimulative online groups should not be discarded outright.Stopping Momentarily to Test the WatersTo put the above into practice, what follows is a brief case study on the term trump on 4chan/pol/. Instead of following users, here the actor trump is taken an entry point for tracing various assemblages: not only referring to Donald J. Trump as an individual and his actions, but also to how /pol/-anons imagine themselves in relation to Trump. In this way, the actor trump is a fluid one: each of its iterations contains different boundaries and variants of its environment (de Laet and Mol 252). By following these environments, can we make sense of how the delirious 2016 U.S. election cycle played out on /pol/, a space described as the “skeleton key to the rise of Trump” (Beran, 4chan)?To trace trump, I use the 4plebs.com archive, containing almost all posts made on /pol/ between late-2013 and early 2018 (the time of research). I subsequently use two text mining methods to trace various connections between trump and other actors and use this to highlight specific posts. As Latour et al. note, computational methods allow “navigations” (593) of different data points to ensure diverse empirical perspectives, preventing both structuralist “zoomed-out” views and local contexts from over-dominating. Instead of moving between micro and macro views, such a navigation should therefore be understood as a “circulation” around the data, deploying various perspectives that each assemble the actors in a different way. In following this, the case study aims to demonstrate how, instead of a lengthy ethnographic account, a brief navigation using both quali- and quantitative perspectives can quickly demystify some aspects of seemingly nebulous online groups.Tracing trump: From Meme-Wizard to Anti-Semitic TargetTo get a sense of the centrality of Trump on /pol/, I start with post frequencies of trump assembled in two ways. The first (Figure 1) shows how, soon after the announcement of Trump’s presidential bid on 16 June 2015, around 100,000 comments mention the word (2% of the total amount of posts). The frequencies spike to a staggering 8% of all comments during the build-up to Trump’s win of the Republican nomination in early 2016 and presidential election in November 2016. Figure 1: The absolute and relative amount of posts on 4chan/pol/ containing the word trump (prefixes and suffixes allowed).To follow the traces between trump and the more general discourse surrounding it, I compiled a more general “trump-dense threads” dataset. These are threads containing thirty or more posts, with at least 15% of posts mentioning trump. As Figure 2 shows, at the two peaks, 8% of any thread on /pol/ was trump-dense, accounting for approximately 15,000 monthly threads. While Trump’s presence is unsurprising, these two views show just how incredibly central the former businessman was to /pol/ at the time of the 2016 U.S. election. Figure 2: The absolute and relative amount of threads on 4chan/pol/ that are “trump-dense”, meaning they have thirty comments or more, out of which at least 15% contain the word trump (prefixes and suffixes allowed).Instead of picking a certain moment from these aggregate overviews and moving to the “micro” (Latour et al.), I “circulate” further with Figure 3, showing another perspective on the trump-dense thread dataset. It shows a scatter plot of trump-dense threads grouped per week and plotted according to how similar their vocabulary is. First, all the words per week are weighted with tf-idf, a common information retrieval algorithm that scores units on the basis if they appear a lot in one of the datasets but not in others (Spärck-Jones). The document sets are then plotted according to the similarity of their weighted vocabulary (cosine similarity). The five highest-scoring terms for the five clusters (identified with K-means) are listed in the bottom-right corner. For legibility, the scatterplot is compressed by the MDS algorithm. To get a better sense of specific vocabulary per week, terms that appeared in all weeks are filtered out (like trump or hillary). Read counterclockwise, the nodes roughly increase in time, thus showing a clear temporal change of discourse, with the first clusters being more similar in vocabulary than the last, and the weeks before and after the primary election (orange cluster) showing a clear gap. Figure 3: A scatterplot showing cosine distances between tf-idf weighted vocabularies of trump-dense threads per week. Compressed with MDS and coloured by five K-means clusters on the underlying tf-idf matrix (excluding terms that appeared in all weeks). Legend shows the top five tf-idf terms within these clusters. ★ denotes the median week in the cluster.With this map, we can trace other words appearing around trump as significant actors in the weekly documents. For instance, Trump-supportive words like stump (referring to “Can’t Stump the Trump”) and maga (“Make America Great Again”) are highly ranked in the first two clusters. In later weeks, less clearly pro-Trump terms appear: drumpf reminds of the unattractive root of the Trump family name, while impeached and mueller show the Russia probe in 2017 and 2018 were significant in the trump-dense threads of that time. This change might thus hint at growing scepticism towards Trump after his win, but it is not shown how these terms are used. Fortunately, the scatterplot offers a rudder with which to navigate to further perspectives.In keeping with Latour’s advice to keep “aggregate structures” and “local contexts” flat (165-72), I contrast the above scatterplot with a perspective on the data that keeps sentence structures intact instead of showing abstracted keyword sets. Figure 4 uses all posts mentioning trump in the median weeks of the first and last clusters in the scatterplot (indicated with ★) and visualises word trees (Wattenberg and Viégas) of most frequent words following “trump is a”. As such, they render explicit ontological associations about Trump; what is Trump, according to /pol/-anons? The first word tree shows posts from 2-8 November 2015, when fifteen Republican competitors were still in the race. As we have seen in Figure 1, Trump was in this month still “only” mentioned in around 50,000 posts (2% of the total). This word tree suggests his eventual nomination was at this point seen as an unlikely and even undesirable scenario, showing derogatory associations like retard and failure, as well as more conspiratorial words like shill, fraud, hillary plant, and hillary clinton puppet. Notably, the most prominent association, meme, and others like joke and fucking comic relief, imply Trump was not taken too seriously (see also Figure 5). Figure 4: Word trees of words following “trump is a” in the median weeks of the first and last clusters of the scatterplot. Made with Jason Davies’s Word Tree application. Figure 5: Anons who did not take Trump seriously. Screencapture taken from archive.4plebs.org (see post 1 and post 2 in context).The first word tree contrast dramatically with the one from the last median week from 18 to 24 December 2017. Here, most associations are anti-Semitic or otherwise related to Judaism, with trump most prominently related to the hate speech term kike. This prompts several questions: did /pol/ become increasingly anti-Semitic? Did already active users radicalise, or were more anti-Semites drawn to /pol/? Or was this nefarious current always there, with Trump merely drawing anti-Semitic attention after he won the election? Although the navigation did not depart from a particular critical framework, by “just following the actors” (Venturini), it already stumbled upon important questions related to popular narratives on 4chan and the alt-right. While it is tempting to stop here and explain the change as “radicalisation”, the navigation should continue to add more empirical perspectives. When doing so, the more plausible explanation is that the unlikely success of Trump briefly attracted (relatively) more diverse and playful visitors to /pol/, obscuring the presence and steady growth of overt extremists in the process.To unpack this, I first focus on the claim that a (relatively) diverse set of users flocked to /pol/ because of the Trump campaign. /pol/’s overall posting activity rose sharply during the 2016 election, which can point to already active users becoming more active, but is likely mostly caused by new users flocking to /pol/. Indeed, this can be traced in actor language. For instance, many anons professed to be “reporting in” from other 4chan boards during crucial moments in the campaing. One of the longest threads in the trump-dense threads dataset (4,504 posts) simply announces “Cruz drops out”. In the comments below, multiple anons state they arrived from other boards to join the Trump-infused activity. For instance, Figure 6 shows an anon replying “/v/ REPORTING IN”, to which sixty other users reacted by similarly affirming themselves as representatives from other boards (e.g. “/mu/ here. Ready to MAGA”). While but another particular view, this implies Trump’s surprising nomination stimulated a crowd-like gathering of different anons jumping into the vortex of trump-related activity on /pol/. Figure 6: Replies by outside-anons “reporting in” the sticky thread announcing Ted Cruz's drop out, 4 May 2016. Screenshots taken from 4plebs.org (see post 1 and post 2 in context).Other actor-language further expresses Trump’s campaign “drew in” new and unadjusted (or: less extreme) users. Notably, many anons claimed the 2016 election led to an “invasion of Reddit users”. Figure 7 shows one such expression: an annotated timeline of /pol/’s posting activity graph (made by 4plebs), posted to /pol/ on 26 February 2016 and subsequently reposted 34 times. It interprets 2016 as a period where “Trump shit goes into overdrive, meme shit floods /pol/, /pol/ is now reddit”. Whether these claims hold any truth is difficult to establish, but the image forms an interesting case of how the entirety “/pol/” is imagined and locally articulated. Such simplistic narratives relate to what Latour calls “panoramas”: totalising notions of some imagined “whole” (188-90) that, while not to be “confused with the collective”, form crucial data since they express how actors understand their own composition (190). Especially in the volatile conditions of anonymous and ephemeral imageboards, repeated panoramic narratives can help in constructing a sense of cohesion–and thereby also form interesting actors to trace. Indeed, following the panoramic statement “/pol/ is now reddit”, other gatekeeping-efforts are not hard to find. For instance, phrases urging other anons to go “back to reddit” (occurring in 19,069 posts in the total dataset) or “back to The_Donald” (a popular pro-Trump subreddit, 1,940 posts) are also particularly popular in the dataset. Figure 7: An image circulated on /pol/ lamenting that "/pol/ is now reddit" by annotating 4plebs’s posting metrics. Screenshot taken from archive.4plebs.org (see posts).Did trump-related activity on /pol/ indeed become more “meme-y” or “Reddit-like” during the election cycle, as the above panorama articulates? The activity in the trump-dense threads seems to suggest so. Figure 8 again uses the tf-idf terms from these threads, but here with the columns denoting the weeks and the rows the top scoring tf-idf terms of their respective week. To highlight relevant actors, all terms are greyed out (see the unedited sheet here), except for several keywords that indicate particularly playful or memetic vernacular: the aforementioned stump, emperor, referring to Trump’s nickname as “God Emperor”; energy, referring to “high energy”, a common catchphrase amongst Trump supporters; magic, referring to “meme magic”, the faux-ironic belief that posting memes affects real-life events; and pepe, the infamous cartoon frog. In both the tf-idf ranking and the absolute frequencies, these keywords flourish in 2016, but disappear soon after the presidential election passes. The later weeks in 2017 and 2018 rarely contain similarly playful and memetic terms, and if they do, suggest mocking discourse regarding Trump (e.g. drumpf). This perspective thus pictures the environment around trump in the run-up to the election as a particularly memetic yet short-lived carnival. At least from this perspective, “meme shit” thus indeed seemed to have “flooded /pol/”, but only for a short while. Figure 8: tf-idf matrix of trump-dense threads, columns denoting weeks and rows denoting the top hundred most relevant terms per week. Download the full tf-idf matrix with all terms here.Despite this carnivalesque activity, further perspectives suggest it did not go at the expense of extremist activity on /pol/. Figure 9 shows the absolute and relative counts of the word "jew" and its derogatory synonym "kike". Each of these increases from 2015 onwards. As such, it seems to align with claims that Trump’s success and /pol/ becoming increasingly extremist were causally related (Thompson). However, apart from possibly confusing correlation with causation, the relative presence remains fairly stable, even slightly decreasing during the frenzy of the Trump campaign. Since we also saw Trump himself become a target for anti-Semitic activity, these trendlines rather imply /pol/’s extremist current grew proportionally to the overall increase in activity, and increased alongside but not but necessarily as a partisan contingent as a result of Trump’s campaign. Figure 9: The absolute and relative frequency of the terms "jew" and "kike" on 4chan/pol/.ConclusionCombined, the above navigation implies two main changes in 4chan/pol/’s trump-related current. First, the climaxes of the 2016 Republican primaries and presidential elections seem to have invoked crowd-like influxes of (relatively) heterogeneous users joining the Trump-delirium, marked by particularly memetic activity. Second, /pol/ additionally seemed to have formed a welcoming hotbed for anti-Semites and other extremists, as the absolute amount of (anti-Semitic) hate speech increased. However, while already-present and new users might have been energised by Trump, they were not necessarily loyal to him, as professed by the fact that Trump himself eventually became a target. Together with the fact that anti-Semitic hate speech stayed relatively consistent, instead of being “countercultural” (Nagle) or exclusively pro-Trump, /pol/ thus seems to have been composed of quite a stable anti-Semitic and Trump-critical contingent, increasing proportionally to /pol/’s general growth.Methodologically, this text sought to demonstrate how a brief navigation of trump on 4chan/pol/ can provide provisional yet valuable insights regarding continuously changing current of online anonymous collectives. As the cliché goes, however, this brief exploration has left more many questions, or rather, it did not “deploy the content with all its connections” (Latour 147). For instance, I have not touched on how many of the trump-dense threads are distinctly separated and pro-Trump “general threads” (Jokubauskaitė and Peeters). Considering the vastness of such tasks, the necessity remains to find appropriate ways to “accurately map” the wild currents of the dissimulative Web–despite how muddy they might get.NoteThis text is a compressed and edited version of a longer MA thesis available here.ReferencesAbramson, Seth. “Listen Up, Progressives: Here’s How to Deal with a 4Chan (“Alt-Right”) Troll.” Medium, 2 May 2017. <https://medium.com/@Seth_Abramson/listen-up-progressives-heres-how-to-deal-with-a-4chan-alt-right-troll-48594f59a303>.Auerbach, David. “Anonymity as Culture: Treatise.” Triple Canopy, n.d. 22 June 2020 <https://www.canopycanopycanopy.com/contents/anonymity_as_culture__treatise>.Beran, Dale. “4chan: The Skeleton Key to the Rise of Trump”. Medium, 14 Feb. 2017. <https://medium.com/@DaleBeran/4chan-the-skeleton-key-to-the-rise-of-trump-624e7cb798cb>.Beran, Dale. It Came from Something Awful: How a Toxic Troll Army Accidentally Memed Donald Trump into Office. New York: All Points Books, 2019.Bernstein, Michael S, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Drew Harry, Paul André, Katrina Panovich, and Greg Vargas. “4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community.” Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2011.Coleman, Gabriella. Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous. London: Verso Books, 2014.De Laet, Marianne, and Annemarie Mol. “The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: Mechanics of a Fluid Technology.” Social Studies of Science 30.2 (2000): 225–263. 1 May 2020 <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/030631200030002002>. De Zeeuw, Daniel, and Marc Tuters. “Teh Internet Is Serious Business: On the Deep Vernacular Web Imaginary.” Cultural Politics 16.2 (2020).Dewey, Caitlin. “The Only True Winners of this Election are Trolls.” The Washington Post, 3 Nov. 2016. <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/11/03/the-only-true-winners-of-this-election-are-trolls/>.Faris, Robert, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, Ethan Zuckerman, and Yochai Benkler. “Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election.” Berkman Klein Center Research Publication, 2017. <http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33759251>.Garfinkel, Harold. Studies in Ethnomethodology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1967.Hagen, Sal. “Rendering Legible the Ephemerality of 4chan/pol/.” OILab.eu, 12 Apr. 2020. <https://oilab.eu/rendering-legible-the-ephemerality-of-4chanpol/>.Hawley, George. Making Sense of the Alt-Right. New York: Columbia UP, 2017.Jokubauskaitė, Emilija, and Stijn Peeters. “Generally Curious: Thematically Distinct Datasets of General Threads on 4chan/Pol/”. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 14.1 (2020): 863-7. <https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/7351>.Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory. New York: Oxford UP, 2005.Latour, Bruno, Pablo Jensen, Tommaso Venturini, Sébastian Grauwin, and Dominique Boullier. “‘The Whole Is Always Smaller than Its Parts’. A Digital Test of Gabriel Tarde’s Monads.” British Journal of Sociology 63.4 (2012): 590-615.Marantz, Andrew. Antisocial: Online Extremists, Techno-Utopians, and the Hijacking of the American Conversation. New York: Penguin Random House, 2019.Nagle, Angela. Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the White House. Winchester: Zero Books, 2017.Phillips, Whitney. This Is Why We Can’t Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.———. “The Alt-Right Was Conjured Out of Pearl Clutching and Media Attention.” Motherboard, 12 Oct. 2016 <https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/jpgaeb/conjuring-the-alt-right>.———. “The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators Online.” Data & Society, 2018. <https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1_PART_1_Oxygen_of_Amplification_DS.pdf>.———. “It Wasn’t Just the Trolls: Early Internet Culture, ‘Fun,’ and the Fires of Exclusionary Laughter.” Social Media + Society (2019). <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305119849493>.Phillips, Whitney, Gabriella Coleman, and Jessica Beyer. “Trolling Scholars Debunk the Idea That the Alt-Right’s Shitposters Have Magic Powers.” Motherboard, 22 Mar. 2017. <https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/z4k549/trolling-scholars-debunk-the-idea-that-the-alt-rights-trolls-have-magic-powers>.Robertson, Adi. “Hillary Clinton Exposing Pepe the Frog Is the Death of Explainers.” The Verge, 15 Sep. 2016. <https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/15/12926976/hillary-clinton-trump-pepe-the-frog-alt-right-explainer>.Spärck Jones, Karen. “A Statistical Interpretation of Term Specificity and its Application in Retrieval.” Journal of Documentation 28.1 (1972): 11-21.Stuart, Tessa. “Inside the DeploraBall: The Trump-Loving Trolls Plotting a GOP Takeover.” Rolling Stone, 20 Jan. 2017. <https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/inside-the-deploraball-the-trump-loving-trolls-plotting-a-gop-takeover-128128/>.Tarde, Gabriel. The Laws of Imitation. Ed. and trans. Elsie Clews Parsons. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1903.Thompson, Andrew. “The Measure of Hate on 4chan.” Rolling Stone, 10 May 2018. <https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-measure-of-hate-on-4chan-627922/>.Venturini, Tommaso. “Diving in Magma: How to Explore Controversies with Actor-Network Theory.” Public Understanding of Science 19.3 (2010): 258-273.Wattenberg, Martin, and Fernanda Viégas. “The Word Tree, an Interactive Visual Concordance.” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14.6 (2008): 1221-1228.

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Chavdarov, Anatoliy V. "Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘”Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia “On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. 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Chao Xu, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen, Jian Chen, Bowen Liu, Wenjie Qi, XichenZheng, Hua Wei, Guoqing Zhang. The Electrochemical Seismometer Based on a Novel Designed.Sensing Electrode for Undersea Exploration. 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems &Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS &EUROSENSORS XXXIII). IEEE, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TRANSDUCERS.2019.8808450. VIII. Chebotareva, I. Ya. New algorithms of emission tomography for passive seismic monitoring of a producing hydrocarbon deposit: Part I. Algorithms of processing and numerical simulation [Novyye algoritmyemissionnoyto mografiidlyapassivnogoseysmicheskogomonitoringarazrabatyvayemykhmestorozhdeniyuglevodorodov. Chast’ I: Algoritmyobrabotki I chislennoyemodelirovaniye]. FizikaZemli. 2010; 46(3):187-98. DOI: 10.1134/S106935131003002X IX. Danilov, A. V. and Konechnaya, Ya. V. Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists “Geophysics-2013”. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. URL: https://www.gubkin.ru/faculty/geology_and_geophysics/chairs_and_departments/exploration_geophysics_and_computers_systems/files/2013_SPb_Frolov.pdf. (Date of access September 2, 2019). XII. Gibbons, S. J., Asming, V., Fedorov, A., Fyen, J., Kero, J., Kozlovskaya, E., Kværna, T., Liszka, L., Näsholm, S.P., Raita, T., Roth, M., Tiira, T., Vinogradov, Yu. The European Arctic: A laboratory for seismoacoustic studies. Seism. Res. Letters. 2015; 86 (3): 917–928. XIII. GOST 8.395-80. State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Reference conditions of measurements while calibrating. General requirements [Gosudarstvennayasistemaobespecheniyaedinstvaizmereniy. Normal’nyyeusloviyaizmereniypripoverke. Obshchiyetrebovaniya]. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://gostrf.com/normadata/1/4294821/4294821960.pdf (Date of access September 2, 2019). XIV. Guralp 6TD. Operators’ Guide. Document Number: MAN-T60-0002, Issue J: April, 2017. Guralp Systems Limited. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder “SEISAR-5” with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue “Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the “initial minute” decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex “Health Sources” / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. “Microcirculation of the Skin”. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. “Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods” – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES spl10, no. 1 (June 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00048.

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