Relevant bibliographies by topics / 5-Tetrachlorobenzene

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Academic literature on the topic '5-Tetrachlorobenzene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "5-Tetrachlorobenzene"

1

Pollmann, Katrin, Victor Wray, and Dietmar H. Pieper. "Chloromethylmuconolactones as Critical Metabolites in the Degradation of Chloromethylcatechols: Recalcitrance of 2-Chlorotoluene." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 7 (April 1, 2005): 2332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.7.2332-2340.2005.

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ABSTRACT To elucidate possible reasons for the recalcitrance of 2-chlorotoluene, the metabolism of chloromethylcatechols, formed after dioxygenation and dehydrogenation by Ralstonia sp. strain PS12 tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase and chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, was monitored using chlorocatechol dioxygenases and chloromuconate cycloisomerases partly purified from Ralstonia sp. strain PS12 and Wautersia eutropha JMP134. Two chloromethylcatechols, 3-chloro-4-methylcatechol and 4-chloro-3-methylcatechol, were formed from 2-chlorotoluene. 3-Chloro-4-methylcatechol was transformed into 5-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone and 2-chloro-3-methylmuconolactone. For mechanistic reasons neither of these cycloisomerization products can be dehalogenated by chloromuconate cycloisomerases, with the result that 3-chloro-4-methylcatechol cannot be mineralized by reaction sequences related to catechol ortho-cleavage pathways known thus far. 4-Chloro-3-methylcatechol is only poorly dehalogenated during enzymatic processing due to the kinetic properties of the chloromuconate cycloisomerases. Thus, degradation of 2-chlorotoluene via a dioxygenolytic pathway is evidently problematic. In contrast, 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol, the major dioxygenation product formed from 3-chlorotoluene, is subject to quantitative dehalogenation after successive transformation by chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase and chloromuconate cycloisomerase, resulting in the formation of 2-methyldienelactone. 3-Chloro-5-methylcatechol is transformed to 2-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone.
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2

Potrawfke, Thomas, Jean Armengaud, and Rolf-Michael Wittich. "Chlorocatechols Substituted at Positions 4 and 5 Are Substrates of the Broad-Spectrum Chlorocatechol 1,2-Dioxygenase of Pseudomonas chlororaphis RW71." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 997–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.3.997-1011.2001.

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ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequence of a 10,528-bp region comprising the chlorocatechol pathway gene cluster tetRtetCDEF of the 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene via the tetrachlorocatechol-mineralizing bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis RW71 (T. Potrawfke, K. N. Timmis, and R.-M. Wittich, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3798–3806, 1998) was analyzed. The chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene tetC was cloned and overexpressed inEscherichia coli. The recombinant gene product was purified, and the α,α-homodimeric TetC was characterized. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed the presence of a high-spin-state Fe(III) atom per monomer in the holoprotein. The productive transformation by purified TetC of chlorocatechols bearing chlorine atoms in positions 4 and 5 provided strong evidence for a significantly broadened substrate spectrum of this dioxygenase compared with other chlorocatechol dioxygenases. The conversion of 4,5-dichloro- or tetrachlorocatechol, in the presence of catechol, displayed strong competitive inhibition of catechol turnover. 3-Chlorocatechol, however, was simultaneously transformed, with a rate similar to that of the 4,5-halogenated catechols, indicating similar specificity constants. These novel characteristics of TetC thus differ significantly from results obtained from hitherto analyzed catechol 1,2-dioxygenases and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenases.
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Rapp, Peter, and Lotte H. E. Gabriel-Jürgens. "Degradation of alkanes and highly chlorinated benzenes, and production of biosurfactants, by a psychrophilic Rhodococcus sp. and genetic characterization of its chlorobenzene dioxygenase." Microbiology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26188-0.

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Rhodococcus sp. strain MS11 was isolated from a mixed culture. It displays a diverse range of metabolic capabilities. During growth on 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB) and 3-chlorobenzoate stoichiometric amounts of chloride were released. It also utilized all three isomeric dichlorobenzenes and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon and energy source. Furthermore, the bacterium grew well on a great number of n-alkanes ranging from n-heptane to n-triacontane and on the branched alkane 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) and slowly on n-hexane and n-pentatriacontane. It was able to grow at temperatures from 5 to 30 °C, with optimal growth at 20 °C, and could tolerate 6 % NaCl in mineral salts medium. Genes encoding the initial chlorobenzene dioxygenase were detected by using a primer pair that was designed against the α-subunit (TecA1) of the chlorobenzene dioxygenase of Ralstonia (formerly Burkholderia) sp. strain PS12. The amino acid sequence of the amplified part of the α-subunit of the chlorobenzene dioxygenase of Rhodococcus sp. strain MS11 showed >99 % identity to the α-subunit of the chlorobenzene dioxygenase from Ralstonia sp. strain PS12 and the parts of both α-subunits responsible for substrate specificity were identical. The subsequent enzymes dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase were induced in cells grown on 1,2,4,5-TeCB. During cultivation on medium-chain-length n-alkanes ranging from n-decane to n-heptadecane, including 1-hexadecene, and on the branched alkane pristane, strain MS11 produced biosurfactants lowering the surface tension of the cultures from 72 to ⩽29 mN m−1. Glycolipids were extracted from the supernatant of a culture grown on n-hexadecane and characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The two major components consisted of α,α-trehalose esterified at C-2 or C-4 with a succinic acid and at C-2′ with a decanoic acid. They differed from one another in that one 2,3,4,2′-trehalosetetraester, found in higher concentration, was esterified at C-2, C-3 or C-4 with one octanoic and one decanoic acid and the other one, of lower concentration, with two octanoic acids. The results demonstrate that Rhodococcus sp. strain MS11 may be well suited for bioremediation of soils and sediments contaminated for a long time with di-, tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes as well as alkanes.
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4

Pollmann, Katrin, Stefan Kaschabek, Victor Wray, Walter Reineke, and Dietmar H. Pieper. "Metabolism of Dichloromethylcatechols as Central Intermediates in the Degradation of Dichlorotoluenes by Ralstonia sp. Strain PS12." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 5261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.19.5261-5274.2002.

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ABSTRACT Ralstonia sp. strain PS12 is able to use 2,4-, 2,5-, and 3,4-dichlorotoluene as growth substrates. Dichloromethylcatechols are central intermediates that are formed by TecA tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase-mediated activation at two adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms followed by TecB chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase-catalyzed rearomatization and then are channeled into a chlorocatechol ortho cleavage pathway involving a chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, and dienelactone hydrolase. However, completely different metabolic routes were observed for the three dichloromethylcatechols analyzed. Whereas 3,4-dichloro-6-methylcatechol is quantitatively transformed into one dienelactone (5-chloro-2-methyldienelactone) and thus is degraded via a linear pathway, 3,5-dichloro-2-methylmuconate formed from 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol is subject to both 1,4- and 3,6-cycloisomerization and thus is degraded via a branched metabolic route. 3,6-Dichloro-4-methylcatechol, on the first view, is transformed predominantly into one (2-chloro-3-methyl-trans-) dienelactone. In situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the intermediate formation of 2,5-dichloro-4-methylmuconolactone, showing that both 1,4- and 3,6-cycloisomerization occur with this muconate and indicating a degradation of the muconolactone via a reversible cycloisomerization reaction and the dienelactone-forming branch of the pathway. Diastereomeric mixtures of two dichloromethylmuconolactones were prepared chemically to proof such a hypothesis. Chloromuconate cycloisomerase transformed 3,5-dichloro-2-methylmuconolactone into a mixture of 2-chloro-5-methyl-cis- and 3-chloro-2-methyldienelactone, affording evidence for a metabolic route of 3,5-dichloro-2-methylmuconolactone via 3,5-dichloro-2-methylmuconate into 2-chloro-5-methyl-cis-dienelactone. 2,5-Dichloro-3-methylmuconolactone was transformed nearly exclusively into 2-chloro-3-methyl-trans-dienelactone.
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5

Schwartz, H., I. Chu, D. C. Villeneuve, and F. M. Benoit. "Synthesis, characterization and chromatographic separation of tetrachlorobenzene-related compounds." Chemosphere 16, no. 10-12 (January 1987): 2467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90305-5.

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6

Yang, Rong, and David J. Randall. "Biomarkers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exposed to 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene and tetrachloroguaiacol." Chemosphere 34, no. 5-7 (March 1997): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00416-5.

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7

Hurdzan, Christopher M., Roman P. Lanno, and David M. Sovic. "Differential Acute Toxicity of Tetrachlorobenzene Isomers to Oligochaetes in Soil and Water: Application of the Critical Body Residue Concept." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 87, no. 3 (June 19, 2011): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0329-5.

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8

CIOCA, Ana Andreea, Olaf HEEMKEN, and Marian MIHAIU. "The Rate of Success of the Accelerated Solvent Extraction (Ase) of Fat and Organochlorine Pesticides from Dried Fish Meat Samples." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 74, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12589.

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The replacement of conventional sample preparation techniques with newer techniques which are automated, faster and more eco-friendly, is nowadays desired in every analytical laboratory. One of the techniques with the attributes mentioned above is the Accelerated Solvent Extraction. In order to evaluate how successful this method is for the extraction of fat and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from dried fish meat samples, we have tested two series of diverse fish using Dionex™ 350 ASE provided by Thermo Scientific™ (Germany). For a more interesting approach, we added to our investigation 7 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), 3 thricholorobenzenes, 2 tetrachlorobenzenes, 1 pentachlorobenzenes and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The study focused on comparing the recoveries of these analytes from different fish samples, after replacing the conventional reference method of the laboratory with ASE. The ASE parameters tested were previously used for the extraction of fat and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) from fish samples: temperature: 120 ° C; static time: 5 min; number of cycles: 3; flushing volume: 25%; rinse with nitrogen: 90 s; solvent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate (ratio 1:1). The ASE method provided similar and in some cases better results when compared to the standard reference method, more rapidly, eco-friendly and safer. Any high or low recoveries of the analytes taken into study are attributed to random or systematic errors during the Clean-up step of the extracts and the quantification with Gas Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass-Spectrometry (GC MS/MS).
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9

Saxena, K., P. Johnson, D. Hryhorezuek, P. Orris, and J. R. Kominsky. "Initial Medical Management of a Mini-Disaster with a Transformer Fire Emitting Polychlorinated Biphenyls." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065973.

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On June 22, 1982, the main power transformer at a local high school (St. Paul, Minnesota) overheated, causing the pressure relief valve to operate and release smoke and mist throughout the building. The transformer contained thermal-dielectric fluid with the tradename “Pyranol,” consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the form of “Aroclor” and chlorinated benzenes. The transformer did not explode or flame. The emmission characterized by a “white mist” occurred over an approximately 4-hour period with resultant contamination of basement and first floor areas. The temperature of the emission was estimated to be approximately 250-300°F.“Pyranol” contains PCB aroclor 1260 (45%) and chlorinated benzenes (40% trichloro and 15% tetrachlorobenzenes). Commercial PCB preparations manufactured in the United States have been marketed under the trade name “Aroclor.” Several grades of Aroclor have been designated by numbers such as 1260. The first two digits represent the type of molecule (12 = chlorinated biphenyl). The last wo digits give the weight percent of chlorine.The fire was discovered by the school janitor and the firefighters arrived at 5:40 a.m. As the firefighters walked near the transformer, several men began complaining of nausea, sore throat and burning of exposed skin. Firefighters having symptoms were asked to go out in the open and were immediately hosed down with water. Initially, 14 firefighters were taken to the emergency room of St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, where they were evaluated, treated and released. When inquiry was begun to find out what kind of substance was burning, it was discovered that the transformer which contained “Pyranol” (installed in the school in 1958) had overheated.
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Book chapters on the topic "5-Tetrachlorobenzene"

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Martín, Carlos A. "Study on the Structural Phase Transition in 1, 2, 4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene." In 25th Congress Ampere on Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena, 411–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76072-3_214.

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