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Academic literature on the topic '49Q22'

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Published: 1 June 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "49Q22":

1

Andreasyan, N. K., and �. E. Khachikyan. "Spectrophotometric investigation of NGC 4922." Astrophysics 24, no. 1 (1986): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01005565.

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ㅤ. "Van Zeeland / De Louw-Thijssen (TvAR 1998/4922)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 58, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): ㅤ. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvar1998.7-8.004.

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Sheen, Yun-Kyeong, Hyunjin Jeong, Sukyoung K. Yi, Ignacio Ferreras, Jennifer M. Lotz, Knut A. G. Olsen, Mark Dickinson, et al. "TIDAL DWARF GALAXIES AROUND A POST-MERGER GALAXY, NGC 4922." Astronomical Journal 138, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 1911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1911.

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Johnson-Holiday, Crystal, Shailesh Singh, Erica Johnson, Udai Singh, and James W. Lillard. "CCR9-CCL25 interaction mediates breast cancer cell survival via Akt activation (49.22)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.49.22.

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Abstract Breast cancer (BrCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. Most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis. In addition, BrCa cells readily become resistant to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of BrCa. Tumor cell migration and metastasis share similarities with leukocyte trafficking, which is regulated, in part, by chemokines and their receptors. We have previously shown that CCR9 is functionally expressed by BrCa cells and its expression is enhanced by the presence of its ligand, CCL25. This study characterizes the role of CCL25-CCR9 cell-signaling cascades involved in BrCa cell resistance to cisplatin. This drug is often ineffective due to cancer cell resistance and the development of anti-apoptotic mechanisms. In this regard, CCR9-CCL25 interaction plays a role in immature T-cell survival through PI3K and G ai protein-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B. Activated Akt phosphorylates multiple downstream targets that are involved in cell survival signaling, which include glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), forkhead transcriptional factor (FKHR), and caspase-9. We examined the effect of CCR9-CCL25 interactions on BrCa cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-435, with or without cisplatin treatment. CCR9-CCL25 interactions decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These interactions also modulated the activation of cell signaling cascades involved in cell survival. These studies provide important new information regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate BrCa cell survival.
5

Van den Ende, Wim. "Different evolutionary pathways to generate plant fructan exohydrolases." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 14 (August 11, 2022): 4620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac305.

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This article comments on: Oku S, Ueno K, Sawazaki Y, Maeda T, Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T, Onodera S, Fujino K, Shimura H. 2022. Functional characterization and vacuolar localization of fructan exohydrolase derived from onion (Allium cepa). Journal of Experimental Botany 73,4908–4922.
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Alonso-Herrero, A., M. J. Ward, A. Aragon-Salamanca, and J. Zamorano. "Multifrequency observations of the interacting galaxy NGC 4922 (UCM 1259 + 2934)." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 302, no. 3 (January 21, 1999): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02171.x.

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7

Zhang, Jin, Hai-Ming Zhang, Su Yao, Sheng-Chu Guo, Rui-Jing Lu, and En-Wei Liang. "Jet Radiation Properties of 4C +49.22: from the Core to Large-scale Knots." Astrophysical Journal 865, no. 2 (September 26, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd0b.

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8

McLoughlin, John Grant. "Solutions to Calendar." Mathematics Teacher 91, no. 4 (April 1998): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.91.4.0311.

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Problems 1-9, 13-18, and 25 were contributed by Todd Swanson, Department of Mathematics, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422-9000. Problems 10, 11, and 19-23 were submitted by Calvin T. Long, Department of Mathematics, Northern Arizona University, P. 0. Box 5717, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5717. Problems 12 and 27-30 were prepared by Marian Small, Faculty of Education, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E3. Problems 24 and 26 were offered by HarrisS. Shultz, California State University, Fullerton, P. 0. Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850.
9

Wadle, Lisa-Marie, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Jerome C. Foo, Yoshiharu Yamamoto, Fabian Streit, Stephanie H. Witt, Josef Frank, et al. "Speech Features as Predictors of Momentary Depression Severity in Patients With Depressive Disorder Undergoing Sleep Deprivation Therapy: Ambulatory Assessment Pilot Study." JMIR Mental Health 11 (January 18, 2024): e49222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49222.

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Background The use of mobile devices to continuously monitor objectively extracted parameters of depressive symptomatology is seen as an important step in the understanding and prevention of upcoming depressive episodes. Speech features such as pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate are promising indicators, but empirical evidence is limited, given the variability of study designs. Objective Previous research studies have found different speech patterns when comparing single speech recordings between patients and healthy controls, but only a few studies have used repeated assessments to compare depressive and nondepressive episodes within the same patient. To our knowledge, no study has used a series of measurements within patients with depression (eg, intensive longitudinal data) to model the dynamic ebb and flow of subjectively reported depression and concomitant speech samples. However, such data are indispensable for detecting and ultimately preventing upcoming episodes. Methods In this study, we captured voice samples and momentary affect ratings over the course of 3 weeks in a sample of patients (N=30) with an acute depressive episode receiving stationary care. Patients underwent sleep deprivation therapy, a chronotherapeutic intervention that can rapidly improve depression symptomatology. We hypothesized that within-person variability in depressive and affective momentary states would be reflected in the following 3 speech features: pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate. We parametrized them using the extended Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Parameter Set (eGeMAPS) from open-source Speech and Music Interpretation by Large-Space Extraction (openSMILE; audEERING GmbH) and extracted them from a transcript. We analyzed the speech features along with self-reported momentary affect ratings, using multilevel linear regression analysis. We analyzed an average of 32 (SD 19.83) assessments per patient. Results Analyses revealed that pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate were associated with depression severity, positive affect, valence, and energetic arousal; furthermore, speech pauses and speech rate were associated with negative affect, and speech pauses were additionally associated with calmness. Specifically, pitch variability was negatively associated with improved momentary states (ie, lower pitch variability was linked to lower depression severity as well as higher positive affect, valence, and energetic arousal). Speech pauses were negatively associated with improved momentary states, whereas speech rate was positively associated with improved momentary states. Conclusions Pitch variability, speech pauses, and speech rate are promising features for the development of clinical prediction technologies to improve patient care as well as timely diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Our research is a step forward on the path to developing an automated depression monitoring system, facilitating individually tailored treatments and increased patient empowerment.
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Bhargava, Hansa, Carmela Salomon, Srinivasan Suresh, Anthony Chang, Rachel Kilian, Diana van Stijn, Albert Oriol, Daniel Low, Ashley Knebel, and Sharief Taraman. "Promises, Pitfalls, and Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatrics." Journal of Medical Internet Research 26 (February 29, 2024): e49022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49022.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) broadly describes a branch of computer science focused on developing machines capable of performing tasks typically associated with human intelligence. Those who connect AI with the world of science fiction may meet its growing rise with hesitancy or outright skepticism. However, AI is becoming increasingly pervasive in our society, from algorithms helping to sift through airline fares to substituting words in emails and SMS text messages based on user choices. Data collection is ongoing and is being leveraged by software platforms to analyze patterns and make predictions across multiple industries. Health care is gradually becoming part of this technological transformation, as advancements in computational power and storage converge with the rapid expansion of digitized medical information. Given the growing and inevitable integration of AI into health care systems, it is our viewpoint that pediatricians urgently require training and orientation to the uses, promises, and pitfalls of AI in medicine. AI is unlikely to solve the full array of complex challenges confronting pediatricians today; however, if used responsibly, it holds great potential to improve many aspects of care for providers, children, and families. Our aim in this viewpoint is to provide clinicians with a targeted introduction to the field of AI in pediatrics, including key promises, pitfalls, and clinical applications, so they can play a more active role in shaping the future impact of AI in medicine.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "49Q22":

1

Paty, François-Pierre. "Optimal transport in high dimension : obtaining regularity and robustness using convexity and projections." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAG003.

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Au cours des dernières années, le transport optimal a gagné en popularité en apprentissage automatique comme moyen de comparer des mesures de probabilité. Contrairement aux dissimilarités plus classiques pour les distributions de probabilité, telles que la divergence de Kullback-Leibler, les distances de transport optimal (ou distances de Wasserstein) permettent de comparer des distributions dont les supports sont disjoints en prenant en compte la géométrie de l'espace sous-jacent. Cet avantage est cependant entravé par le fait que ces distances sont généralement calculées en résolvant un programme linéaire, ce qui pose, lorsque l'espace sous-jacent est de grande dimension, des défis statistiques bien documentés et auxquels on se réfère communément sous le nom de ``fléau'' de la dimension. Trouver de nouvelles méthodologies qui puissent atténuer ce problème est donc un enjeu crucial si l'on veut que les algorithmes fondés sur le transport optimal puissent fonctionner en pratique.Au-delà de cet aspect purement métrique, un autre intérêt de la théorie du transport optimal réside en ce qu'elle fournit des outils mathématiques pour étudier des cartes qui peuvent transformer, ou transporter, une mesure en une autre. De telles cartes jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans divers domaines des sciences (biologie, imagerie cérébrale) ou sous-domaines de l'apprentissage automatique (modèles génératifs, adaptation de domaine), entre autres. Estimer de telles transformations qui soient à la fois optimales et qui puissent être généralisées en dehors des simples données, est un problème ouvert.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau cadre d'estimation pour calculer des variantes des distances de Wasserstein. Le but est d'amoindrir les effets de la haute dimension en tirant partie des structures de faible dimension cachées dans les distributions. Cela peut se faire en projetant les mesures sur un sous-espace choisi de telle sorte à maximiser la distance de Wasserstein entre leurs projections. Outre cette nouvelle méthodologie, nous montrons que ce cadre d'étude s'inscrit plus largement dans un lien entre la régularisation des distances de Wasserstein et la robustesse.Dans la contribution suivante, nous partons du même problème d'estimation du transport optimal en grande dimension, mais adoptons une perspective différente : plutôt que de modifier la fonction de coût, nous revenons au point de vue plus fondamental de Monge et proposons d'utiliser le théorème de Brenier et la théorie de la régularité de Caffarelli pour définir une nouvelle procédure d'estimation des cartes de transport lipschitziennes qui soient le gradient d'une fonction fortement convexe
Over the past few years, optimal transport has gained popularity in machine learning as a way to compare probability distributions. Unlike more classical dissimilarities for probability measures, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence, optimal transport distances (or Wasserstein distances) can deal with distributions of disjoint supports by taking into account the geometry of the underlying ground space. This strength is, however, hampered by the fact that these distances are usually computed by solving a linear program, resulting, when this ground space is high-dimensional, in well documented statistical challenges, usually referred to as the ``curse'' of dimensionality. Finding new methodologies that can mitigate this issue is therefore crucial if one wants optimal transport-based algorithms to perform well on real data.Beyond this purely metric aspect, another appealing feature of optimal transport theory is that it provides mathematical tools to study maps that are able to morph (or push-forward) a measure into another. Such maps are playing an increasingly important role in various areas of science (biology, neuroimaging) or subdomains in machine learning (generative models, domain adaptation), to name a few. Estimating such morphings, or maps, that are both optimal and able to generalize outside the data, is an open problem.In this thesis, we propose a new estimation framework to compute proxies to the Wasserstein distance. That framework aims at handling high-dimensionality by taking advantage of the low-dimensional structures hidden in the distributions. This can be achieved by projecting the measures onto a subspace chosen so as to maximize the Wasserstein distance between their projections. In addition to this novel methodology, we show that this framework falls into a broader connection between regularization when computing Wasserstein distances and adversarial robustness.In the next contribution, we start from the same problem, estimation of optimal transport in high dimensions, but adopt a different perspective: rather than changing the ground cost, we go back to the more fundamental Monge perspective on optimal transport and use the Brenier theorem and Caffarelli's regularity theory to propose a new estimation procedure to characterize maps that are Lipschitz and gradients of strongly convex functions
2

Scetbon, Meyer. "Advances in Optimal Transport : Low-Rank Structures and Applications in Machine Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAG002.

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Les progrès récents en matière de matériel informatique, tels que le développement d'accélérateurs hautement parallèles, et la perméabilité croissante entre l'informatique, les statistiques, l'optimisation et les mathématiques appliquées ont donné naissance à une nouvelle génération d'outils capables de résoudre des problèmes d'apprentissage automatique (AA) de plus en plus complexes. Parmi ces nouveaux défis, certains nécessitent la comparaison de nuages de points ou de mesures de probabilité. Le transport optimal (TO) est devenu un outil largement utilisé dans ce contexte en raison de sa capacité à fournir une géométrie naturelle dans l'espace des distributions et à offrir une nouvelle perspective pour traiter les problèmes d'AA lorsqu'ils sont levés dans cet espace. À partir d'une fonction de coût (par exemple, une distance) défini entre les points où sont supportées les mesures, le TO consiste à trouver un couplage entre les deux mesures qui soit optimal par rapport à ce coût. En d'autres termes, le TO étend naturellement le coût entre deux points à coût entre des histogrammes de points, ou des mesures de probabilité, sous la forme d'un problème d'optimisation. De plus, en raison de sa forte composante géométrique, le TO fait l'objet d'une riche théorie mathématique sur laquelle les praticiens peuvent s'appuyer pour construire et étudier leurs modèles.Pourtant, dans leur forme originale, telle qu'elle a été proposée par Kantorovich, les distances de TO ne sont pas bien adaptées aux problèmes appliqués : (i) le calcul du TO entre des mesures discrètes revient à résoudre un programme linéaire coûteux qui requiert une complexité supercubique en le nombre de points; (ii) l'estimation du TO à l'aide de mesures échantillonnées est condamnée par la malédiction de la dimensionnalité, le TO est donc susceptible d'être dépourvue de sens lorsqu'elle est utilisée sur des échantillons provenant de densités en haute dimension. En dépit de ces difficultés, le TO s'est révélée très prometteur dans diverses applications d'AA, et les recherches en cours visent à relever ces défis et à rendre le TO plus accessible et utilisable dans la pratique.La principale approche pour pallier ces problèmes consiste à régulariser le problème d'optimisation en ajoutant un terme d'entropie a l'objectif. En ajoutant de l'entropie, on peut alors résoudre une version régularisée du problème de TO en temps et en mémoire quadratiques à l'aide de l'algorithme de Sinkhorn. De plus, cette régularisation permet d'éviter la malédiction de la dimensionnalité à condition d'avoir ajouté suffisamment d'entropie. Même si la régularisation entropique a amélioré à la fois le coût de calcul et les propriétés statistiques du transport optimal, elle souffre toujours d'une complexité quadratique qui empêche son utilisation pour des applications à grande échelle. Un des principes directeurs de cette thèse est qu'il existe encore de nombreuses opportunités de recherche pour développer de nouveaux outils algorithmiques qui peuvent exploiter ou étendre ce mode de pensée afin de rendre le TO applicable à des problèmes à grande échelle.Cette thèse se compose de deux parties principales. Dans la première partie, nous proposons de nouveaux schémas de régularisation du problème de TO et de sa variante quadratique, à savoir le problème de Gromov-Wasserstein (GW), en considérant des factorisations de bas rang à la fois du coût sous-jacent et du couplage résolvant le problème de TO. Ces nouveaux schémas de calcul ouvrent la voie à l'utilisation du problème TO dans un cadre à grande échelle. Dans la deuxième partie, nous montrons que le TO peut également offrir une nouvelle perspective sur des problèmes d'AA de longue date dès lors qu'ils sont formalisés dans l'espace des distributions. Nous adoptons ce point de vue sur deux problèmes appliqués, à savoir en équité et en robustesse, et proposons de nouvelles approches pour les aborder à l'aide du TO
Recent advances in hardware, such as the development of highly-parallel accelerators, and the growing permeabilitybetween computer science, statistics, optimization and applied mathematics have brought forward a new generation of tools,capable of addressing increasingly complex machine learning (ML) problems. Among these new challenges, some require the comparison of point clouds or probability measures. Optimal transport (OT) has become a widely used tool in this context due to its ability to provide a natural geometry in the space of distributions and offer a new perspective for dealing with ML problems when lifted into this space. Starting from a cost function (e.g. a distance) on the space on which measures are supported, OT consists in finding a mapping or coupling between both measures that is optimal with respect to that cost. In other words, OT naturally extends the ground cost between two points to a discrepancy function between histograms of points, or probability measures, in the form of an optimization problem. Further, as a consequence of its strong geometric component, OT is the object of a rich mathematical theory regarding its metric and topological properties, on which ML practitioners can rely to build and study their models.Yet, in their original form, as proposed by Kantorovich, OT distances are not well suited for applied problems: (i) computing OT between discrete distributions amounts to solving a large and expensive network flow problem which requires a supercubic complexity; (ii) estimating OT using sampled measures is doomed by the curse of dimensionality: the sample convergence rate of OT is exponentially slow w.r.t. the dimension of the ambient space, therefore OT is likely to be meaningless when used on samples from high-dimensional densities. Despite these challenges, OT has shown great promise in various machine learning applications, and ongoing research is aimed at addressing these challenges and making OT more accessible and usable in practice.The main approach to alleviate these issues consists in regularizing the optimization problem using an entropic regularization. By adding entropy to the objective function, one can now solves a regularized version of the OT problem in quadratic time and memory using the Sinkhorn algorithm. In addition, this regularization allows to avoid the curse of dimensionality as long as enough entropy has been added.Even though entropic regularization has improved both the computational cost and the statistical properties of optimal transport, it still suffers from a quadratic complexity that prevents its use for large-scale applications. One guiding principle of this thesis is that there are still many research opportunities to develop new algorithmic tools that can exploit or extend this way of thinking in order to make OT applicable to large-scale problems.This thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part, we propose new regularization schemes of the OT problem and its quadratic variant, namely the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem, by considering low-rank factorization of both the underlying cost and the coupling solving the OT problem itself. These new computational schemes pave the way for the use of OT in the large-scale setting. In the second part, we show that OT can also offer new perspective on longstanding ML problems once lifted into the set of distributions. We adopt this point of view on two applied problems in fairness and robustness respectively and propose new approaches to tackle them using OT
3

Hill, Bryony J. "An orientation field approach to modelling fibre-generated spatial point processes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49422/.

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This thesis introduces a new approach to analysing spatial point data clustered along or around a system of curves or fibres with additional background noise. Such data arise in catalogues of galaxy locations, recorded locations of earthquakes, aerial images of minefields, and pore patterns on fingerprints. Finding the underlying curvilinear structure of these point-pattern data sets may not only facilitate a better understanding of how they arise but also aid reconstruction of missing data. We base the space of fibres on the set of integral lines of an orientation field. Using an empirical Bayes approach, we estimate the field of orientations from anisotropic features of the data. The orientation field estimation draws on ideas from tensor field theory (an area recently motivated by the study of magnetic resonance imaging scans), using symmetric positive-definite matrices to estimate local anisotropies in the point pattern through the tensor method. We also propose a new measure of anisotropy, the modified square Fractional Anisotropy, whose statistical properties are estimated for tensors calculated via the tensor method. A continuous-time Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to draw samples from the posterior distribution of fibres, exploring models with different numbers of clusters, and fitting fibres to the clusters as it proceeds. The Bayesian approach permits inference on various properties of the clusters and associated fibres, and the resulting algorithm performs well on a number of very different curvilinear structures.
4

Tripathi, Vandana. "The management accounting needs of small enterprises and the role of small accounting practices." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/49022/.

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Management accounting research has previously focused mostly on large firms rather than SMEs despite the significance of SMEs in the UK economy. The high failure rate of small enterprises in the UK points to the need to increase their financial robustness. Small accounting practices (SAPs) would seem to provide a possible alternative source of management accounting information for businesses too small to afford in-house accountants, but the literature over thirty years suggests that this approach has not been adopted. The sparse research in this area has proposed disparate reasons for the limited use of SAPs, without providing a definitive explanation. The intractability of the barriers to the use of SAPs for the provision of management accounting information points to a mismatch between management accounting theory, which tends to be based on neo-classical economics, and the approach used in practice in small firms and SAPs. The research investigates these barriers, assessing the extent to which owner-managers carry out management accounting in small enterprises despite the opportunity costs involved and explores the reasons behind their tendency not to seek management accounting services from SAPs. It also evaluates the potential of SAPs to provide management accounting services and the reasons limiting their promotion. The research draws on a critical realist perspective using qualitative, multiple case studies involving semi-structured interviews to examine the degree to which neo-classical economic theory,old institutional economics and new institutional sociology can explain how the barriers have arisen and why they have remained. The findings expand existing research on management accounting by bringing into focus the interaction between actors and their structural context in small firms and SAPs, demonstrating how that shapes management accounting practices, particularly with regard to the barriers to the greater use of SAPs.
5

Slack, Shaunagh. "Identifying rooting traits and their genetic bases for improved drought tolerance in winter wheat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49522/.

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the mostly widely grown arable crops worldwide, with a total annual global production of approximately 716 million tonnes. In the UK, around 14.5 million tonnes of wheat is produced annually on roughly 1.8 million hectares of land; however, 15-30% of this annual wheat yield production is lost to drought. Two field experiments were conducted in 2013-14 and 2014-15 to characterise a doubled-haploid (DH) population of 94 lines derived from a cross between the winter wheat cultivars, Rialto and Savannah, at the University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, UK (52o 50' N, 1o 15' W). This population was selected due to the genetic variation observed in previous field experiments in stay-green traits under drought and nitrogen stress in the UK and France (Foulkes et al., unpublished). A shovelomics methodology was developed for phenotyping wheat crown root traits of the mapping population and validation on soil core samples (extraction of roots by washing and root scanning using WinRHIZO software) was carried out on a subset of 14 DH lines and the two parents. In addition, two 50-cm soil column glasshouse experiments examining the two parental genotypes and the subset of 14 Rialto x Savannah DH population lines, and one 100 cm soil column glasshouse experiment examining the two parental genotypes and two Rialto x Savannah DH lines using micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning, were carried out under well-watered and drought conditions. Two further glasshouse experiments were carried out to quantify root anatomical traits on the two parental genotypes under well-watered and drought conditions. The main objectives were to quantify genetic variation in root traits and associations with water uptake and drought tolerance in the Rialto x Savannah doubled-haploid population, to quantify mechanisms underlying associations between root traits and water capture and drought tolerance and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root traits and drought tolerance through genetic analysis in the Rialto x Savannah DH population. In the field experiments, drought reduced grain yield by 16.7% in 2014 and 14.9% in 2015. Amongst the DH lines, genetic variation for crown root angle, roots plant-1, roots shoot-1 and length was observed (p < 0.05). Under unirrigated conditions, root length density (RLD) at depth (40-60 cm) was positively associated with crown root angle and crown roots shoot-1 in 2014 and 2015. RLD at depth was also positively correlated with grain yield. Amongst the 94 R x S DH lines, crown root angle (greater angle = steeper root) and crown roots shoot-1 were positively associated with post-anthesis canopy stay-green as indicated by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) spectral reflectance index and grain yield under unirrigated conditions. Later onset and end of flag-leaf senescence were associated with increased grain yield in 2014, but not in 2015. In the x-ray μCT soil column experiment, there were positive relationships amongst genotypes between steeper crown root angle at 5, 10 and 15 cm depths measured using μCT and RLD at 60-80 cm depth measured directly (WinRHIZO root scanning) under drought, but negative relationships under well-watered conditions. RLD at 60-80 cm was associated with water uptake and number of grains plant 1 under drought. There were positive associations between the total root length plant-1 measured using μCT and direct measurement of this trait (WinRHIZO root scanning) and between μCT root number and direct measurement of RLD in each soil horizon. In addition, there were associations between root angle in the μCT soil column experiment and crown root angle in the field measured using shovelomics techniques. Under drought, root cortical aerenchyma, the ratio of total stele area: total cortical area and cortical cell size were found to increase and total cortical area, cortical cell file number, xylem area and metaxylem area to decrease in the parental lines. Each of these anatomical traits was related to improved water uptake under drought. This indicated that root traits that may reduce the metabolic cost of soil exploration, or decrease water loss, may improve the acquisition of limiting soil resources under water-stressed conditions. For the QTL analysis in the Rialto x Savannah DH population, co-locating QTL for crown root angle and NDVI, HI and AGDM were identified under irrigated or unirrigated conditions in individual years on chromosomes 3B and 7A. QTL for stay green traits under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions were identified on chromosome 7D. Overall, these results indicated the potential for designing a winter wheat ideotype to enhance drought tolerance under UK drought with steeper crown root angle, increased crown roots shoot-1 and anatomical traits related to decreased metabolic cost, all of which increase RLD at depth, thereby improving water uptake at depth. Results from the shovelomics crown root assessments indicated scope for high-throughput field root phenotyping to quantify responses of crown root traits under drought and validate the relationship with root traits at depth, and identify QTL and candidate genes linked to these traits.
6

Kusnir, Maria Flor. "Automatic letter-colour associations in non-synaesthetes and their relation to grapheme-colour synaesthesia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4922/.

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Although grapheme-colour synaesthesia is a well-characterized phenomenon in which achromatic letters and/or digits involuntarily trigger specific colour sensations, its underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Models diverge on a central question: whether triggered sensations reflect (i) an overdeveloped capacity in normal cross-modal processing (i.e., sharing characteristics with the general population), or rather (ii) qualitatively deviant processing (i.e., unique to a few individuals). We here address this question on several fronts: first, with adult synaesthesia-trainees and second with congenital grapheme-colour synaesthetes. In Chapter 3, we investigate whether synaesthesia-like (automatic) letter-colour associations may be learned by non- synaesthetes into adulthood. To this end, we developed a learning paradigm that aimed to implicitly train such associations while keeping participants naïve as to the end-goal of the experiments (i.e., the formation of letter-colour associations), thus mimicking the learning conditions of acquired grapheme- colour synaesthesia (Hancock, 2006; Witthoft & Winawer, 2006). In two experiments, we found evidence for significant binding of colours to letters by non-synaesthetes. These learned associations showed synaesthesia-like characteristics despite an absence of conscious, colour concurrents, correlating with individual performance on synaesthetic Stroop-tasks (experiment 1), and modulated by the colour-opponency effect (experiment 2) (Nikolic, Lichti, & Singer, 2007), suggesting formation on a perceptual (rather than conceptual) level. In Chapter 4, we probed the nature of these learned, synaesthesia-like associations by investigating the brain areas involved in their formation. Using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to interfere with two distinct brain regions, we found an enhancement of letter-colour learning in adult trainees following dlPFC-stimulation, suggesting a role for the prefrontal cortex in the release of binding processes. In Chapter 5, we attempt to integrate our results from synaesthesia-learners with the neural mechanisms of grapheme-colour synaesthesia, as assessed in six congenital synaesthetes using novel techniques in magnetoencephalography. While our results may not support the existence of a “synaesthesia continuum,” we propose that they still relate to synaesthesia in a meaningful way.
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Payne, John. "Usability issues of a bimanual 2D/3D interface for the design and review of MEMS." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 2007. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4922/.

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This thesis contributes both to the specific field of MEMS, and also to the broader field of bimanual input within the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI).  A user survey, contextual and literature review, three user studies and a mock-up MEMS interface, form the argument and development of this work.  The significant empirical findings of this investigation result from the three usability studies that assessed bimanual configurations with nine to eighteen MEMS domain experts and frequent 3D interface users (such as modellers and CAD users). The first speculative user study assessed the broad implications of bimanual 2D and 3D interaction.  The second study investigated the usability of both spatial and constrained hardware input devices within a desktop based bimanual setting.  The third evaluation investigated the device implementation and specifically compared spatial isotonic and isometric with both a constrained method 6 degree of freedom device and 2 degree of freedom mouse based 3D methods. The significant qualitative outcomes illustrate the differences in response between the MEMS domain and 3D interface users.  The quantitative results describe the performance qualities of a range of bimanual implementations of 2D/3D interaction.  Through the presentation of the evaluations and also the research related to bimanual task implementation, this thesis will describe an account of the usability of bimanual 2D/3D interaction systems for the desktop.
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Dillon, Stephanie Ann. "Aged garlic extract as an antioxidant in cardiovascular disease." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4922/.

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Candini, Andrea. "Distribuzione efficiente di mobile sensing data tramite modello push e integrazione con PubSubHubBub." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4922/.

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Albaya, John. "Experimental determination of supramolecular effective molarities." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4922/.

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Books on the topic "49Q22":

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Linke, Heiner, and Alf Månsson, eds. Controlled Nanoscale Motion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49522-3.

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Lee, Jason. Sex Robots. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49322-0.

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Knees, Peter, and Markus Schedl. Music Similarity and Retrieval. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49722-7.

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Heintz, Andreas. Thermodynamik. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49922-1.

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van Rysewyk, Simon, ed. Meanings of Pain. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9.

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Tillman, J. Jeffrey. An Integrative Model of Moral Deliberation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49022-3.

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Sethi, Anand Kumar. The European Edisons. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49222-7.

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Sucar, Enrique, Oscar Mayora, and Enrique Munoz de Cote, eds. Applications for Future Internet. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49622-1.

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Fuchs, Reinhard, and Markus Gerber, eds. Handbuch Stressregulation und Sport. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49322-9.

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Jobstmann, Barbara, and K. Rustan M. Leino, eds. Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49122-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "49Q22":

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Shah, S. B., G. Yang, G. Danuser, and L. S. B. Goldstein. "Axonal Transport: Imaging and Modeling of a Neuronal Process." In Controlled Nanoscale Motion, 65–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49522-3_4.

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van Rysewyk, Simon. "A Call for Study on the Meanings of Pain." In Meanings of Pain, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_1.

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Serrano de Haro, Agustín. "Pain Experience and Structures of Attention: A Phenomenological Approach." In Meanings of Pain, 165–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_10.

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van Rysewyk, Simon, and Carl L. von Baeyer. "Should Investigators Introspect on Their Own Pain Experiences as Study Co-Participants?" In Meanings of Pain, 181–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_11.

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Edwards, Ian. "The Moral Experience of the Person with Chronic Pain." In Meanings of Pain, 195–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_12.

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Dezutter, Jessie, Laura Dewitte, and Siebrecht Vanhooren. "Chronic Pain and Meaning in Life: Challenge and Change." In Meanings of Pain, 211–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_13.

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Bunzli, Samantha, Anne Smith, Rob Schütze, and Peter O’Sullivan. "The Lived Experience of Pain-Related Fear in People with Chronic Low Back Pain." In Meanings of Pain, 227–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_14.

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Carter, Drew. "Conceptualising Secondary Pain Affect: The More Personal and Elaborate Feelings." In Meanings of Pain, 251–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_15.

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Berna, Chantal. "Mental Imagery in Chronic Pain: An Access to Meaning Beyond Words." In Meanings of Pain, 267–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_16.

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Quintner, John, and Milton Cohen. "The Challenge of Validating the Experience of Chronic Pain: The Importance of Intersubjectivity and Reframing." In Meanings of Pain, 281–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49022-9_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "49Q22":

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Cutini, Sara, Stefano Ciprini, Stefan Larsson, Monica Orienti, Filippo D'Ammando, and Fermi-LAT Collaboration. "Multi-wavelength observations of blazar 4C + 49.22 during flaring state." In HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772314.

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Dalay, Nejat, Orkun Gurbuz, Elif Baltaci, Emin Karaman, and Nur Buyru. "Abstract 4922: Analysis of copy number changes in HNSCC by MLPA." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4922.

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Verhaak, Roel G. W., Kyle Chang, Hoon Kim, Scott L. Carter, Nikolaus Schultz, Fengmei Zhao, Hui Shen, et al. "Abstract 4922: Patterns of tumor evolution in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4922.

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Li, Yang, Bo Peng, Ningjing Lei, Giulio Francia, and Jianying Zhang. "Abstract 4922: Overexpression of p62/IMP2 in breast cancer promotes cell migration." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4922.

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MacPhee, David W., and Asfaw Beyene. "Performance Investigation of a Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Equipped With Flexible Blades." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49122.

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Wind turbine technology has improved dramatically over the past decade, to the extent where wind turbine diameters are expected to soon exceed 160m and top 10MW in rated power output. While the development of these larger turbines has become immensely sophisticated, relatively little effort is being put forth to improve performance of smaller wind turbines, typically used in applications otherwise unsuitable for large installations. In this paper we investigate both computationally and experimentally the feasibility of a morphing turbine rotor, wherein blades are constructed of a flexible material and permitted to bend passively in response to external loading. The results indicate that the flexible blades can act as a passive pitch control device, resulting in significant improvements in efficiency when compared to a traditional rigid-blade design.
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Munir, Nazia Binte, Kyoungsoo Lee, Ziaul Huque, and Raghava R. Kommalapati. "A Study of Aerodynamics Force Evaluation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Using 2D and 3D Comparison." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49222.

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The main purpose of the paper is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in 3-D analysis of aerodynamic forces of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) blade and compare the 3-D results with the 2-D experimental results. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind blade profile is used as a model for the analysis. The results are compared with the experimental data obtained by NREL at NASA Ames Research Center for the NREL Phase VI wind turbine blade. The aerodynamic forces are evaluated using 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The commercial ANSYS CFX and parameterized 3-D CAD model of NREL Phase VI are used for the analysis. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) Gamma-Theta turbulence model and 0-degree yaw angle condition are adopted for CFD analysis. For the case study seven varying wind speeds (5 m/s, 7 m/s, 10 m/s, 13 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, 25 m/s) with constant blade rotational speed (72 rpm) are considered. To evaluate the 3-D aerodynamic effect sectional pressure coefficient (Cp) and integrated forces about primary axis such as normal, tangential, thrust and torque are evaluated for each of the seven wind speed cases and compared with the NREL experimental values. The numerical difference of values on wind blade surface between this study and 3-D results of NREL wind tunnel test are found negligible. The paper represents an important comparison between the 3-D lift & drag coefficient with the NREL 2-D experimental data. The results shows that though the current study is in good agreement with NREL 3-D experimental values there is large deviation between the NREL 2-D experimental data and current 3-D study which suggests that in case of 3-D analysis of aerodynamic force of blade surface it is better to use NREL 3-D values instead of 2-D experimental values.
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Wang, Xin, Hanping Du, Rumin Teng, and Xuyang Cao. "Virtual Prototype Modeling Technology of Crawler Crane Based on Theory of Rigid-Flexible Coupling." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49622.

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For the complexity of the system modeling, a method of rigid-flexible coupling modeling is proposed based on some software. The virtual prototype model of 350t crawler crane is established. The simulation environment of Pro/E, Adams and Ansys is integrated in order to combine advantages of all three software, by which the dynamics property of virtual prototype model is analyzed. And the simulation results confirm the feasibility of the virtual prototype in product design.
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Gorbea, Carlos, Ernst Fricke, and Udo Lindemann. "The Design of Future Cars in a New Age of Architectural Competition." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49722.

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This paper presents how complex system architecture lifecycles, such as that of cars, follow a similar S-curve shaped path as that of individual technological innovations. By applying this theory we show that today’s automotive industry has started a new chapter of architectural competition with similarities to its early history from 1885–1915 when steam, electric and internal combustion engine cars were competing to dominate the automotive market. Taking a historical perspective, we find that firms that organize their development activities to focus on bringing about architectural innovation are better placed in succeeding in the future market until a new dominant architecture emerges. The architecture lifecycle framework used in this study is constructed by means of a performance index. The index scores the performance of 91 cars of various architectures based on five overall system variables: power, weight, maximum velocity, fuel efficiency and the manufacturer’s suggested retail price. Depicting architectural performance over time helps identify periods of architecture competition and dominance where historical agents to change can be identified. The key factors that brought about architectural competition in the early 1900’s involved a series of innovation breakthroughs in engine and fuel technologies. Today, a new wave of power train innovations is being triggered primarily by environmental regulatory demands to reduce vehicle emissions. Future research lies in presenting a methodology for selecting vehicle architectures early on in the product development cycle that are best suited for the market going forward based on a manufacturer’s goals and a cost-benefit analysis.
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Gulledge, Thomas R., Scott Hiroshige, Raj Iyer, Mattias Johansson, and Jonas Rose´n. "Modeling an Enterprise Services Enabled Product Improvement Process for Military Vehicles." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49922.

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The evolution of Enterprise Services is changing the approach for enabling Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Supply Chain Management (SCM). Enabling systems are migrating to process- and service-oriented solutions, requiring new approaches for architecting composite applications. This paper uses examples from our work to present the state-of-the art in architecting end-to-end solutions for delivering PLM and SCM capabilities from an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to the customer. The paper also demonstrates how emerging methodologies, methods, and tools are used to support the implementation of composite applications, as well as the limitations of working in a mixed legacy/modern environment during the lengthy transition period to the new service-oriented computing paradigm. The hypothesis of this paper is that design and supply chain integration is achievable through composite application design, development, and deployment. This paper discusses the design, development, and deployment of a composite application to address the product improvement process for military vehicles, and it lays the foundation for testing the hypothesis. Based on these initial analyses we conclude that the composite approach to PLM is not only feasible, but may provide the only practical solution (given current technologies) to a very complex supply chain information sharing problem.
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Bubelis, Evaldas, Algirdas Kaliatka, and Eugenijus Uspuras. "RELAP5-3D Code Validation for RBMK-1500 Reactors." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49122.

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This paper deals with RELAP5-3D code validation through the modeling of RBMK-1500 specific transients taking place at Ignalina NPP. A successful best estimate RELAP5-3D model of the INPP RBMK-1500 reactor has been developed and validated against real plant data. The obtained calculation results demonstrate reasonable agreement with Ignalina NPP measured data. Behaviors of the separate MCC thermal-hydraulic parameters as well as physical processes are predicted reasonably well to the real processes, occurring in the primary circuit of RBMK-1500 reactor. The calculated reactivity and the total reactor core power behavior in time are also in reasonable agreement with the measured plant data, which demonstrates the correct modeling of the neutronic processes taking place in RBMK-1500 reactor core. The performed validation of RELAP5-3D model of Ignalina NPP RBMK-1500 reactor allowed to improve the model, which in the future would be used for the safety substantiation calculations of RBMK-1500 reactors.

Reports on the topic "49Q22":

1

Tsai, Frank, Navid Jafari, Ye-Hong Chen, and Jack Cadigan. Three-dimensional underseepage evaluation for Profit Island vicinity levee, north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44220.

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This project developed a three-dimensional (3D) seepage model to evaluate efficiency of 84 relief wells and factors of safety (FoS) along the Profit Island vicinity levee (PIVL), north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The PIVL model was built based on US Geological Survey MODFLOW-USG. Moreover, a 3D seepage model of RocScience RS3 was also built for a specific study of relief well experiments conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the 1930s and 1940s. The PIVL model was calibrated with measured piezometric head data and relief well flow rates in 1997. Six flood scenarios were conducted: the extreme flood (56 feet), design flood (52.4 feet), 1997 flood (50 feet), 2008 flood (49.22 feet), 2017 flood (45.55 feet), and 2018 flood (49.1 feet). The modeling results show that FoS are all above 1.5 given relief wells at the 1997 design condition. FoS calculated by the blanket theory are more conservative than those by the PIVL model because designed discharge rates were not observed in the field. In comparison with measured flow rates in 2008, the PIVL modeling result indicates potential clogging at many relief wells. New piezometric data and well discharge data are recommended to re-evaluate factors of safety.

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