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1
Zeng, Kai. "Some problems in harmonic analysis on twsited crossed products." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD048.
Abstract:
Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier quelques problèmes dans l'analyse harmonique sur les produits croisés tordus qui sont définis par des actions tordues d'un groupe localement compact G sur une algèbre de von Neumann M. Elle se compose de deux parties. La première porte sur les produits croisés tordus et leurs multiplicateurs de Fourier et de Schur. Nous démontrons que la propriété d’être QWEP pour l’algèbre de von Neumann tordue d’un groupe G est indépendante du 2-cocycle sous-ajacent et que les Lp-multiplicateurs de Fourier complètement bornés sur cette algèbre tordue sont aussi indépendants du 2-cocycle. Sous l’hypothèse d’une action moyennable, nous établissons plusieurs résultats de transfert entre les multiplicateurs de Fourier et de Schur sur les espaces Lp non-commutatifs du produit croisé tordu.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions les commutateurs de multiplicateurs de Fourier sur le produit croisé tordu d’un espace euclidien. Nous caractérisons leur appartenance à la p-classes de Schatten par celle de leurs symboles à un espace de Besov associé. Cette partie contient aussi une formule sur la trace de Dixmier qui nous donne également une caractérisation de l’appartenance de ces commutateurs à une p-classe de Schatten faible par un espace de Sobolev. En particulier, nos résultats s'appliquent au cas d’un espace euclidien quantiqueThis thesis is devoted to the study of some problems in the harmonic analysis on twisted crossed products defined by twisted actions of a locally compact group G on a von Neumann algebra M. It consists of two parts. The first concerns twisted crossed products and their Fourier and Schur multipliers. We prove that the property of being QWEP for the twisted von Neumann algebra of a group G is independent of the underlying 2-cocycle and that the completely bounded Lp-Fourier multipliers on this twisted algebra are also independent of the 2-cocycle. Under the hypothesis of an amenable action, we establish several transference results between the Fourier and Schur multipliers on the noncommutative Lp spaces of the twisted crossed product.In the second part, we study Fourier multiplier commutators on the twisted crossed product of an Euclidean space. We characterize their Schatten p-class membership by that of their symbols in the associated Besov space. In addition, this part contains a formula on the Dixmier trace, which also gives us a characterization of the weak Schatten p-class membership of these commutators by a Sobolev space. In particular, our results apply to the case of quantum Euclidean spaces
2
Thomas, Michael. "Same-sex marriage, civil partnerships and stigma : coming in from the cold?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46287/.
Abstract:
This thesis presents a cross-national, comparative study of legal recognition for lesbian and gay couples, focusing on civil partnerships in the UK and marriage in Canada and the US State of California. The study investigates the impact of same-sex marriage and civil partnership from the perspectives of lesbian and gay couples and, in particular, addresses the social implications of couples’ new legal status. The thesis investigates the impact of marriage or civil partnership within couples’ family and friendship networks and in a range of less intimate social contexts, including the workplace, the neighbourhood and commercial settings. The thesis also analyses the impact of legal recognition on couples’ sense of citizenship and assesses the effects of the Proposition 8 referendum, which repealed existing same-sex marriage rights in California in 2008. Drawing on qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews with married or civil partner same-sex couples in the UK, Canada and California, the study analyses couples’ narratives around legal recognition to identify the meanings they attach to their new legal status. In the context of the wider policy objectives of legal recognition with regard to tackling discrimination and acknowledging same-sex couples within family and other social networks, the thesis applies Erving Goffman’s analysis of stigma to this evolving policy context. The study concludes that couples broadly welcomed the legal entitlements that flowed from marriage or civil partnership, and often saw legal recognition as providing opportunities to seek social recognition from within their personal networks. However, legal recognition did not in itself guarantee social recognition, and sometimes revealed the continuing marginalisation of lesbian and gay couples within family networks and in other social settings. This highlights a distinction between legal and social recognition, and points towards a significant gap between the policy ambitions attached to marriage and civil partnership and their micro-social impact.
3
Burgess, Katy V. "Associative analyses of reasoning-like behaviour in rats." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46487/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines how rats represent relationships in their environment. There are currently two broad classes of account of how animals learn about such relationships: The associative account offers a relatively simple mechanistic account of behaviour; while the second account proposes that animal behaviour, like human behaviour, is underpinned by the processes of causal and deductive reasoning, that are beyond associative analyses. Chapter 1 identifies three domains in which these two classes of account provide quite different analyses of animal behaviour, which are experimentally investigated in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 reports three experiments that investigated the accuracy of predictions derived from the claim that rats are capable of forming and using causal models involving their own interactions with their environment (interventions) and external events (Blaisdell, Sawa, Leising, & Waldmann, 2006). The results failed to confirm these predictions and were instead more consistent with the operation of simpler processes. The results from Chapter 2 left open two interpretations: either rats can represent causality but do not use such representations to reason, or they do not represent cause per se. Chapter 3 investigated these alternatives in three experiments using a timing task, which should be sensitive to whether rats are more likely to represent their actions as causal than external events (Buehner & Humphreys, 2009). The results provided no support for the view that causal binding occurs in rats. Chapter 3 examined the possibility that sensory preconditioning might reflect a form of deductive reasoning (Hall, 1990). However, taken together, the results from four experiments provided no support for such an analysis; but instead helped to inform the nature of the associative processes that underlie sensory preconditioning. In summary, while the results reported in this thesis provide no support for analyses of animal behaviour that rely on the processes of causal or deductive reasoning, they do help to inform the nature of the associative processes involved.
4
Taghavi, N. "Facing the conflicts and complicities between capitalist modernisation and Islamisation : a study of women's subjectivities and emancipatory struggles in Iran." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46387/.
Abstract:
This thesis is concerned with understanding women’s emancipatory struggles and efforts to challenge their secondary status in Iran, but with reference to other Muslim societies in the Middle East. To explore the possibility of women’s emancipation in Iran, the thesis focuses on, firstly, the position of women in relation to the forces of capitalist modernisation and Islamisation; secondly and more importantly, on women’s main convictions and inner-conflicts, and how these are shaped by those forces. The thesis thus seeks to grasp the structure and dynamics of women’s subjective field and to identify distinct subjective patterns which would constitute different responses to their situation. The thesis is divided into two parts: first, a literature review throws light on different crucial aspects of women’s lives and possibilities for transformation in Iran and other Muslim societies in relation to the forces of capitalist modernisation and Islamisation. While showing the richness and growing sophistications of an expanding field of study, the literature review also pointed out to a few significant lacunae or gaps in current research. Two such gaps stand out and are of the greatest relevance for this thesis, namely, the fact that the issues of women’s emancipation and subjectivities are missing in most studies of Muslim women, as these studies tend to overwhelmingly focus on women’s (often imposed rather than self-attributed) identities and on the anti-Western or anti-Islamic aspects thereof. The second part of this thesis, a field study, seeks to fill in some of those gaps, particularly those concerning women’s subjectivities and struggles for emancipation. In-depth semi-structured open-ended interviews with twenty-two Iranian women in Tehran from different social classes and backgrounds were conducted. The interviews, based on an interview guide designed so as to capture crucial aspects of women’s subjective dispositions and strivings for emancipation, immediately brought out the critical importance of the opposition, missing in most studies, between capitalism and emancipation, and enabled the development of a two-dimensional framework based on two central oppositions: capitalism vs. emancipation on the horizontal axis or dimension, and modernity vs. tradition on the vertical one. A more in-depth analysis of the interviews through the lens of the new framework allowed the identification of four main subjectivities carried by women and explain their emergence in terms of interaction effects between the four subjective determinations defining the framework (capitalism, modernity, emancipation and tradition): Islamist subjectivity, a statist form of religion in strong opposition to emancipatory feminism, the subjectivity of desire for the West, a fascination for individualism and a Western lifestyle and a denial of tradition, traditionalist subjectivities, a strong tendency to preserve all forms of traditions particularly religion and nationalism, and emancipatory subjectivity, although the latter only appears in this study in the form of modern emancipatory aspects and elements (with equality at their core) rather than a full-fledged ‘emancipatory subjectivity’. Thanks to this form of analysis we have come to understand that women’s movements in Iran are more oriented towards ‘tackling Islamisation’ than ‘seeking equality’ or ‘challenging patriarchy’. It is on this basis that the thesis draws two of its main conclusions: firstly, that the opposition between capitalism and emancipation should be not only taken into account, but a major basis for any future studies on Muslim women; and, secondly, that the struggle against Islamisation cannot be separated from the struggles against social inequality and patriarchy.
5
Schmitz, Anna-Lena [Verfasser]. "Novel insights into mechanisms and selectivity of the heterotrimeric G protein inhibitors BIM-46187 and FR900359 / Anna-Lena Schmitz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1101575689/34.
6
Reeve, Jonathan Mark. "Learning algorithms for the control of routing in integrated service communication networks." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4687/.
Abstract:
There is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the nature of traffic on future integrated service networks. This uncertainty motivates the use of adaptive resource allocation policies that can take advantage of the statistical fluctuations in the traffic demands. The adaptive control mechanisms must be 'lightweight', in terms of their overheads, and scale to potentially large networks with many traffic flows. Adaptive routing is one form of adaptive resource allocation, and this thesis considers the application of Stochastic Learning Automata (SLA) for distributed, lightweight adaptive routing in future integrated service communication networks. The thesis begins with a broad critical review of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques applied to the control of communication networks. Detailed simulation models of integrated service networks are then constructed, and learning automata based routing is compared with traditional techniques on large scale networks. Learning automata are examined for the 'Quality-of-Service' (QoS) routing problem in realistic network topologies, where flows may be routed in the network subject to multiple QoS metrics, such as bandwidth and delay. It is found that learning automata based routing gives considerable blocking probability improvements over shortest path routing, despite only using local connectivity information and a simple probabilistic updating strategy. Furthermore, automata are considered for routing in more complex environments spanning issues such as multi-rate traffic, trunk reservation, routing over multiple domains, routing in high bandwidth-delay product networks and the use of learning automata as a background learning process. Automata are also examined for routing of both 'real-time' and 'non-real-time' traffics in an integrated traffic environment, where the non-real-time traffic has access to the bandwidth 'left over' by the real-time traffic. It is found that adopting learning automata for the routing of the real-time traffic may improve the performance to both real and non-real-time traffics under certain conditions. In addition, it is found that one set of learning automata may route both traffic types satisfactorily. Automata are considered for the routing of multicast connections in receiver-oriented, dynamic environments, where receivers may join and leave the multicast sessions dynamically. Automata are shown to be able to minimise the average delay or the total cost of the resulting trees using the appropriate feedback from the environment. Automata provide a distributed solution to the dynamic multicast problem, requiring purely local connectivity information and a simple updating strategy. Finally, automata are considered for the routing of multicast connections that require QoS guarantees, again in receiver-oriented dynamic environments. It is found that the distributed application of learning automata leads to considerably lower blocking probabilities than a shortest path tree approach, due to a combination of load balancing and minimum cost behaviour.
7
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal. "The relationship between evidence and public health policy : case studies of the English public health white paper and minimum unit pricing of alcohol in Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4687/.
Abstract:
Background: Public health researchers and practitioners have repeatedly called for policy to be informed by academic evidence. The rise of the evidence-based medicine movement has demonstrated the potential benefits of using evidence for clinical decision-making. Recently, politicians and policy documents have echoed these calls for increased use of evidence in policymaking by drawing upon the discourse of evidence-based policy. However, efforts to understand the relationship between evidence and public health policy are underdeveloped and often make limited use of knowledge from other fields, including political science and sociology. This thesis aims to explore the relationship between evidence and public health policy in the UK using two contemporary case studies: the English public health White Paper, ‘Healthy Lives, Healthy People’; and the development of minimum unit pricing of alcohol in Scotland. Methods: The first case study: ‘Healthy Lives, Healthy People’ case study investigates the extent that three prominent discourses that draw upon academic work are reflected by the policy statements contained within the White Paper. The three areas examined include evidence on ‘what works’, the Nuffield framework on public health ethics and insights from behavioural science (‘nudge’). These discourses were chosen as they are not only rhetorically prominent in the White Paper, but also because they reflect the range of direct use of specific research findings and more conceptual use of research-derived ideas. To examine the extent that evidence on ‘what works’ has been incorporated into ‘Healthy Lives, Healthy People’, the research evidence for each of 51 specific policy actions described in the White Paper was reviewed. A critical analysis of ‘nudge’ and the Nuffield framework was conducted by contrasting their application with the authors’ original articulation. The second case study explores the development of the high-profile public health policy of minimum unit pricing of alcohol by drawing upon three different sources of data. First, a review of policy documents was conducted. Second, a systematic document analysis of evidence submissions that were received by the Scottish Parliament’s Health and Sport Committee in response to its consultation on minimum unit pricing was performed. This analysis drew specifically on a framework for analysing political argumentation. Third, 36 semi-structured interviews were carried out with a broad range of policy stakeholders. Interviewees were purposively chosen to obtain diversity in supportiveness for minimum unit pricing, as well as by professional position (academic, advocate, civil servant, politician, industry representative). The evidence submissions and interview data were thematically coded and organised using NVivo 9. Results: By systematically assessing the evidence underpinning the English public health White Paper, the study empirically established that public health policy does not meet conventional public health standards for being evidence-based. Similarly, the prominence of ‘nudge’ and the Nuffield framework in the text of ‘Healthy Lives, Healthy People’ do not appear to be matched by the actions suggested. However, this first case study finds that while evidence does have an influence, it does not determine policy. This relationship appears complex, partial and contingent rather than direct and instrumental, therefore necessitating a more detailed and focused case study. The second case study begins by providing a detailed description of the process by which minimum unit pricing developed in Scotland. It then draws on the analysis of evidence submission documents combined with interview data to identify a crucial role of public health advocates, who reframed the alcohol policy debate to bring about policy change. Epidemiological concepts were important in helping to achieve this shift in policy framing. Having investigated more conceptual influences of evidence, econometric modelling carried out by a team at the University of Sheffield is focused on as an example of a specific piece of research evidence that was perceived by interviewees to be influential in the policy debate. The different types of influence that the modelling study had on the policy process are determined and reasons for its influence investigated. The study also finds that interviewees believed econometric modelling could be more widely used to inform future public health policymaking. Lastly, a ‘multiple lenses’ approach builds upon these findings and political science theory to produce a comprehensive explanation of the policy process and describe the roles of evidence on the minimum unit pricing policy process. Discussion: Analysis of the ‘Healthy Lives, Healthy People’ White Paper shows that despite the prominent rhetoric for evidence-based policy, this is not reflected by the reality of current public health policy in the UK. The investigation of the development of minimum unit pricing of alcohol in Scotland demonstrates that evidence influences the policy process in a number of ways but these influences are heavily context-dependent. The role of evidence in changing the framing of the policy debate has been identified as of particular importance for this case study. The devolution process and evolving nature of political institutions also raises particular opportunities, but also challenges, for public health professionals. The strengths of the thesis include its use of two case studies to investigate the relationship between evidence and public health policy, the analysis of multiple sources of data in relation to minimum unit pricing policy and the application of political science theories that are typically underused in public health research. Limitations include the caution required when making generalisations from these data, particularly since these case studies have been purposively chosen. Drawing upon the two case studies, a conceptual model for the relationship between evidence and public health policy is articulated. The model suggests that evidence is likely to be used in different ways depending on the extent that the political values underpinning an issue are contested, with the importance of evidence for rhetorical purposes being a legitimate and helpful means of highlighting the health aspects of public policy issues. Lessons for public health researchers and practitioners, as well as directions for future research and theoretical implications, are considered and discussed.
8
Berardi, Giuseppe. "Caratterizzazione neurofisiologica e analisi del segnale neuronale dopaminergico in un modello animale di schizofrenia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4687/.
9
Biller, Patrick. "Hydrothermal processing of microalgae." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4687/.
Abstract:
Microalgae are regarded as a promising biomass resource for the production of biofuels and chemicals which does not compete with food production. Microalgae contain large amounts of lipids and have faster growth rates than terrestrial biomass. One of the current technological bottlenecks of biofuels conversion is the economic extraction and processing of microalgae components. Due to their aquatic nature microalgae contain large amounts of water when harvested. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) involves processing the algae as a slurry in hot compressed water, avoiding drying of the wet feedstock. This is a major energy benefit compared to dry microalgae processing methods. A detailed characterisation of the microalgae feedstocks investigated for the current work is provided. The main differences between marine, fresh water and cyanobacteria strains are presented. The microalgae strains are investigated for biochemical composition, proximate and ultimate analysis, thermo-gravimetrical analysis, pyrolysis GC-MS, metal content, pigment analysis and by scanning electron microscopy. The results from the characterisation work are employed throughout the thesis for mass balance calculations and investigation of reaction chemistry. HTL for bio-crude production is investigated both on laboratory batch systems and a continuous pilot scale facility. Processing at mild conditions results in mainly the lipids of microalgae being extracted resulting in a high quality bio-crude. Higher temperatures are shown to result in higher yields of bio-crude as carbohydrates and proteins increasingly contribute to bio-crude formation. This allows processing of low lipid containing microalgae which are associated with higher growth rates. Maximum bio-crude yields of around 50 wt.% can be achieved but can contain significant amounts of nitrogen and oxygen. A total of 11 microalgae strains is investigated leading to an average bio-crude yield of 34 %, a heating value of 36 MJ/kg, a nitrogen content of 4.7 wt.% and an oxygen content of 13.6 wt.%. The use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts is investigated to increase bio-crude quality and yields. Model compounds of protein, lipid and carbohydrates are processed individually to shed light on the HTL behaviour of microalgae components and the reaction pathways involved in bio-crude formation. The effect of sodium carbonate and formic acid as homogeneous catalysts is investigated on various microalgae strains with changing biochemical composition and on model compounds separately. It is shown that biochemical components of microalgae behave additively in respect to bio-crude formation. The trends of bio-crude formation follow lipids>protein>carbohydrates. It is further shown that carbohydrates are best processed in alkali conditions while protein and lipids are best processed without the use of catalysts. The same effect is demonstrated for algae high in carbohydrates or proteins and lipids respectively. Heterogeneous catalysts are shown not to increase the bio-crude significantly but result in additional decarboxylation of the bio-crude to reduce the oxygen level by a further 10%. The process water composition from HTL is investigated for common nutrients required for algae cultivation. It is shown that nutrients are present in higher concentrations than comparable standard algae growth media. The process water also contains large amounts of organic carbon which is considered a loss, unavailable for bio-crude formation. Growth trials in dilutions of the process water to grow fresh algae demonstrate that growth is sustainable. The organic carbon in the process water is shown to act as a substrate for mixotrophic growth resulting in increased growth rates and carbon efficiency. For analysis of the algae obtained from small scale growth trials a new analysis technique for microalgae composition analysis is introduced. This involves Py-GC-MS of model compounds and comparisons to algae pyrolysis products. Promising results are presented, showing the feasibility of detecting protein, carbohydrate and lipid levels of microalgae directly from growth cultures. Additionally the methodology is expanded to detect phytochemical concentrations such as astaxanthin and chlorophyll a. An alternative to direct hydrothermal liquefaction involving removal of valuable compounds from microalgae by hydrothermal microwave processing (HMP) is investigated. HMP is shown to remove protein and large amounts of nutrients from the algae biomass which could be used as a source of nutrients for microalgae cultivation. The cells walls are shown to be disrupted, leading to increased recovery of lipids by solvent extraction while the lipids‟ degree of saturation is not affected. This allows effective extraction of high value poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The residue form HMP is processed using flash pyrolysis and HTL for bio-crude production. The results show that bio-crudes of increased quality are produced. The technique appears especially suitable for marine microalgae strains as the salt content acts as microwave absorbers, reducing energy consumption and increasing reaction rates. Overall, the experimental work shows that hydrothermal processing is a low energy intensive wet processing technique for microalgae to produce bio-fuels and chemicals.
10
Edwards, Alison A. "Tetrahydrofuran based sugar amino acids as foldamers and library scaffolds." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/4687/.
Abstract:
Sugar amino acids (SAAs) have been extensively prepared in literature and utilised as dipeptide isosteres. The secondary structural preferences of delta-amino acids based upon tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings were ascertained by study of the corresponding homooligomers. Many of these were found to exhibit compact secondary structures (such as a repeating beta-turn and a left-handed 16-helix) in short sequences - foldamers. Pyranose SAAs have also been utilised as library scaffolds. Chapter 2 describes the preparation of simplified delta-amino acid analogues of the existing SAA systems that adopt rigid secondary structures. Removal of the hydroxyl function at C-3 of L-gulonolactone and D-mannonolactone prior to THF formation gave efficient access to 3-deoxy THFs. The deoxygenated THFs of D-ribo and L-lyxo stereochemistry were utilised to provide access to the desired D-ribo, L-arabino and L-lyxo delta-amino acid precursors which contained the acid and amine functions orthogonally protected as an ester and azide respectively. Selective deprotection with solution phase coupling afforded the desired homooligomers. Information regarding the secondary structural preferences of these homooligomers was obtained by NMR (nOe, DMSO titrations, H/D exchange and variable temperature experiments), by solution IR and by circular dichroism (CD). The homooligomers were prepared in both protected and unprotected forms and two types of hydroxyl protection (silyl and acetyl) employed to allow investigation of any effects arising from different solvents and protecting groups. The homooligomers of the delta-amino acids with the 2,5-cis relationship adopted intramolecularly hydrogen bonded structures (by NMR and solution IR) which contained the nOes characteristic for the repeating beta-turn conformation. The removal of the hydroxyl function at C-3, the use of different solvents and different protecting groups did not perturb the conformation adopted by the 2,5-cis 3-deoxy homoligomers. By contrast, the 2,5-trans homooligomers did not adopt hydrogen bonded secondary structures (by solution IR) although poor signal dispersion by NMR restricted nOe study of the tetramers. CD spectra (in both TFE and water) showed that despite the absence of hydrogen bonding, a rigid conformation could be adopted by these homooligomers which was favoured when the bulky triethylsilyl group was present. In chapter 3, the 3-deoxy D-ribo and L-lyxo THFs were utilised to prepare D-xylo, L-arabino and L-lyxo gamma-amino acids based on the 3-deoxy THF scaffold. Subsequent preparation of the corresponding unprotected and triethylsilyl protected tetramers allowed investigation of the secondary structural preferences of the cyclically rigidified gamma-amino acid homooligomers. No evidence was obtained for the formation of hydrogen bonded secondary structures. However, the observed dispersion of the amide protons of the protected oligomers in CDCl3, the presence of a broad peak by solution IR and partial rigidity by CD (in both TFE and water) lends hope that the formation of longer oligomers may lead to the formation of rigid structures, although not necessarily stabilised by hydrogen bonding interactions. The L-lyxo and L-arabino TBDPS protected azides were validated as library scaffolds. Due to time restrictions only the L-lyxo azide was used as a scaffold and a 99-member library was successfully prepared. The library was screened for antimicrobial activity. Subsequent analysis of the five active library members showed that the active compounds were not the library members but impurities. A possible reaction side product was proposed but despite further testing of this compound (and several analogues), the compound(s) responsible for the biological activity were not identified.
11
Trenti, Enrico <1983>. "Le società pubbliche a partecipazione regionale e locale operanti nei settori dei servizi pubblici locali e dei servizi “strumentali” e quelle con scopo lucrativo: la recente evoluzione legislativa, gli ambiti di attività ed i relativi limiti, le prospettive future." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4687/.
Abstract:
Con la prima parte, si intende fornire un quadro pressoché esaustivo delle principali disposizioni in materia di società a partecipazione pubblica regionale e locale operanti nel campo dei servizi pubblici locali e della loro interpretazione giurisprudenziale e dottrinale, prendendo le mosse dagli ultimi interventi legislativo. Nella seconda parte, si affronta, invece, il tema dei limiti legislativi alla capacità di azione delle società a partecipazione pubblica e dei connessi dubbi interpretativi, anche alla luce degli orientamenti giurisprudenziali e dottrinali. In particolare, l’analisi riguarda l’art. 13 del decreto”Bersani” e il comma 9 dell’art. 23 bis (ora pedissequamente trasfuso nel comma 33 dell’art. 4 del d.l. n. 138/2011), ossia le principali disposizioni che definiscono, rispettivamente, la capacità di azione delle società (a partecipazione pubblica) strumentali e di quelle operanti nel campo dei servizi pubblici locali titolari di affidamenti diretti (assentiti con modalità diverse dall’evidenza pubblica). Vengono forniti cenni di inquadramento in relazione al cd. procedimento di riordino delle partecipazioni societarie pubbliche previsto dalla legge finanziaria del 2008 (art. 3, commi 27 – 32). Dal combinato disposto delle suddette norme, così come interpretate dalla giurisprudenza costituzionale ed amministrativa, si ricavano, poi, utili indicazioni in ordine alla possibilità, per gli enti pubblici territoriali, di costituire società con scopo meramente lucrativo (ossia, soggetti societari privi del rapporto di strumentalità con gli enti costituenti o partecipanti, chiamati ad operare, in regime di concorrenza, in settori completamente liberalizzati) e società cd. multiutilities (aventi oggetto sociale complesso, la cui attività si estrinseca tanto nel campo dei servizi strumentali, quanto in quello dei servizi pubblici locali), nonché in relazione alla disciplina applicabile all’attività di detti soggetti societari. La finalità ultima del contributo consiste nell'individuazione delle linee guida finalizzate alla classificazione delle società pubbliche in funzione della loro attività.In the first part, it aims to provide a nearly exhaustive list of the main provisions of public companies of regional and local level operating in the field of local public services and their legal and doctrinal interpretation, building on the recent legislative actions. In the second part , is faced, however, the issue of legislative limits the capacity for action of public companies and related questions of interpretation, in light of the jurisprudential and doctrinal. In particular, the analysis is for the art. Decree 13 of the "Bersani" and paragraph 9 of article. 23 bis (now slavishly transfused in the paragraph of Article 33. 4 of Decree Law 138/2011), ie the main provisions that define, respectively, the capacity of action of society (public participation) equipment and those working in the field of services Local public holders of direct loans (assentiti public in different ways by the evidence). Provides an outline of classification in relation to the cd. process of reorganization of the public company shares provided by the Finance Act of 2008 (Article 3, paragraphs 27 to 32). The combined effect of these rules, as interpreted by the Constitutional and administrative jurisprudential, are obtained, then, useful information regarding the extent to which local governments can set up companies with lucrative purposes only (ie, corporate entities with no relationship instrumentality or participants with local constituents, called to work in a competitive, in sectors fully liberalized ) and company cd. multi-utilities (whose corporate purpose complex, whose activity is manifested both in the field of instrumental services as in the interest of local public services), and in relation to the regime applicable to the activity of these corporate entities. The ultimate purpose of the contribution consists in identifying guidelines for the classification of public companies according to their activities.
12
Klassen, liliane Maria Bacaro. "Metilação do DNA e marcas de histonas H3k4m3 e H3k27m3 em intron regulam a expressão do gene mmp9 em câncer de mama." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46087.
Abstract:
Orientador : Profª. Drª. Giseli KlassenCoorientador : Profª. Edneia A. S. R. Cavalieri
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas (Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Básica). Defesa: Curitiba, 26/08/2016
Inclui referências : f. 71-86
Área de concentração: Patologia
Linha de pesquisa: Epigenética e câncer
Resumo: As metástases são a causa das mortes por câncer em 90% dos casos. No processo de metástases a destruição ou degradação da matriz extracelular é muito importante para o deslocamento das células tumorais malignas. Este processo é mediado por diversas enzimas, destacando-se a gelatinase B ou MMP-9. A epigenética estuda mecanismos de regulação da expressão gênica utilizando a metilação do DNA (em citosinas adjacentes a guaninas) e modificações pós-traducionais de histonas como principais mediadores. As ilhas de CpGs ao longo do promotor podem ser hipermetiladas e assim promover o silenciamento gênico e vice-versa. A partir deste conhecimento vem sendo utilizados diversos análogos de citosina a fim de inibir o processo de metilação de DNA. Nesse sentido esta em avançado estudo clínico o uso do 5-aza-2'- deoxicitosina (5-azadC) ou decitabine em alguns tipos de leucemias e doenças mielodisplásicas e provável inicio de utilização em tumores sólidos. Neste estudo o objetivo foi avaliar a expressão do gene MMP9 em linhagens de câncer de mama e com esses dados estudar o efeito da metilação do DNA e modificações de histonas no promotor e corpo do gene com e sem tratamento com decitabine. Para isso clonamos e sequenciamos uma região contendo CpGs da região promotora do gene MMP9 e também e ilhas de CpG no corpo do gene utilizando linhagens tumorais, PMC42, HeLa, MCF7 e MDA-MB-436. As linhagens MCF7 e MDA-MB-436 expressam baixos níveis de MMP9. Apos o tratamento destas 5- azadC foi observado aumento da expressão do gene e proteína MMP-9. O sequenciamento de CpGs na região promotora revelou que a metilação do DNA regula a expressão deste gene nas linhagens tumorais. Além disso a análise em amostras tumorais de pacientes que expressam MMP-9 também possuem estes CpGs desmetilados. A região intragênica contém 4 ilhas de CpG que foram clonadas em 2 fragmentos e denominadas CGI1 e CGI2. A CGI1 é altamente metiladas com ou sem tratamento com decitabine nas linhagens tumorais. Por outro lado a CGI2 apresentou alguns CpGs nas posições 12 a 30 que estavam metilados nas linhagens tumorais sem tratamento com decitabine, e que são desmetiladas após o tratamento. Novamente os resultados de contrapartida com amostras de tumores primários, estes mesmos CpGs encontraram-se desmetilados nos tumores mais agressivos e com presença de MMP-9 na imunohistoquímica. Afim de se avaliar o provável envolvimento de modificações de histonas foi realizada a imunoprecipitação de cromatina para as marcas de cromatina para abertura H3K4me3 e fechamento H3K27me3. Utilizando a linhagem MCF7 observou-se que após o tratamento com decitabine houve o enriquecimento da marca de abertura na região promotora onde se ligam os fatores de transcrição AP1 e NFkB. Além disso os CpGs 12-30 da CGI2 também apresentaram aumento da marca de abertura. Em conjunto esses resultados mostram um provável novo mecanismo de regulação da expressão gênica através de CpGs localizados em íntron no gene MMP9. Esses resultados são importantes no contexto do entendimento de mecanismos de expressão de MMP-9 em câncer de mama e também para o estudo de possível efeito de ativação de metástases com o uso do medicamento decitabine.
Abstract: Metastases are the cause of cancer deaths in 90% of cases. In the process of metastasis destruction or degradation of extracellular matrix it is important for the displacement of malignant tumor cells. This process is mediated by several enzymes, especially B-gelatinase or MMP-9. Epigenetic studies of regulatory mechanisms of gene expression using DNA methylation (adjacent cytosine to guanine) and post-translational modifications of histones as major mediators. The CpG islands along the promoter may be hypermethylated and thus promote gene silencing and vice versa. From this knowledge different cytosine analogues are used to inhibit the DNA methylation process. Accordingly this in advanced clinical study using 5-aza-2'-deoxicitosine (5-azadC) or decitabine in some types of leukemias and myelodysplastic diseases and probable beginning of use in solid tumors. In this study our goal was to evaluate the expression of MMP9 gene in breast cancer cell lines and study the effect of DNA methylation and histone modifications in the promoter gene and intragenic region with and without treatment with decitabine. To this we have cloned and sequenced a region containing CpGs of the MMP9 promoter region and CpG islands in the gene's body using tumor cell lines, PMC42, HeLa, MCF7 and MDA-MB-436. The lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-436 expressed low levels of MMP9. After treatment with 5-azadC was observed an increase in the gene expression and MMP-9 protein. The sequencing CpGs in the promoter region revealed that the DNA methylation regulates the expression of this gene in tumor cell lines. Further analysis of tumor samples from patients expressing MMP-9 also have these demethylated CpGs. The MMP9 intragenic region contains 4 CpG islands that were cloned in two fragments and called CGI1 and CGI2. The CGI1 was highly methylated with or without treatment with decitabine in tumor cell lines. On the other hand CGI2 have showed some CpGs in positions 12 to 30 that were methylated in tumor cell lines without treatment with decitabine, and are demethylated following treatment. Again counterpart results with primary tumor samples, the same CpG were demethylated in more aggressive tumors of MMP-9 positive in immunohistochemistry. In order to evaluate the probable involvement of histone modifications was performed chromatin immunoprecipitation to chromatin marks for H3K4me3 H3K27me3 opening and closing respectivelly. Using the MCF7 it was observed that after treatment with decitabine was enriching the opening tag in the promoter region which bind transcription factors NFkB and AP1. Additionally the CpG 12-30 of CGI2 also increased too. Together these results showed a possible new mechanism for regulation of gene expression through CpGs located in intron in MMP9 gene. These results are important in the context of understanding of MMP-9 expression mechanisms in breast cancer and also for the study of possible metastases activation with the use of decitabine drug.
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Mattei, Aline Padilha. "Aplicabilidade do model developing nurses' thinking para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico em graduandos de enfermagem." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46987.
Abstract:
Orientadora: Profª Drª Elaine Drehmer de Almeida CruzCoorientadora: Profª Drª Mary Gay McCaffery Tesoro
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem. Defesa: Curitiba, 09/02/2017
Inclui referências : f.100-108
Resumo: Introdução: O modelo Developing Nurses' Thinking (DNT) é uma metodologia de ensino cujo preditivo é direcionar o estudante de enfermagem durante a avaliação de casos clínicos fictícios ou reais. Esse modelo consiste em apoio ao raciocínio clínico, organizando pistas ou vestígios quase imperceptíveis, para que o acadêmico identifique os diagnósticos acertados que subsidiem um plano de cuidados adequado, valendo-se de suporte para a sistematização da assistência durante a problematização e construção de diagnósticos de enfermagem, visando às melhores competências assistenciais. Justificativa: estudos com emprego de diferentes metodologias de ensino entre graduandos de enfermagem representam uma possibilidade de aprimoramento da prática profissional, sob a perspectiva de promover a precisão diagnóstica e desenvolver o pensamento crítico, que resultem em intervenções eficazes e seguras, contribuindo para o ensino, pesquisa e segurança da assistência à saúde. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar a aplicabilidade do Developing Nurses' Thinking Model em estudantes de enfermagem brasileiros. Método: Quase experimental concomitante a grupos de intervenção e controle dispostos em seis grupos amostrais, realizado entre agosto e outubro de 2015 com estudantes do quarto ao nono período de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Durante a pesquisa foram aplicados para ambos os grupos pré e pós-teste, denominados tutoriais, contendo instrumento de coleta de dados sociodemográfica, modelo DNT, estudos de casos e instrumento de avaliação. Com o grupo de intervenção foram desenvolvidas atividades educativas em oficinas e temas em ensino clínico, precisão diagnóstica, pensamento crítico, segurança do paciente e modelo DNT. Resultados: Participaram 76 estudantes, aqueles que sofreram intervenção educativa na aplicação do modelo tiveram melhor compreensão e desempenho na identificação de problemas/diagnósticos de enfermagem; a aplicabilidade do modelo foi considerada satisfatória. Conclusões: O modelo DNT fornece uma série de requisitos para o desenvolvimento do processo de enfermagem, estimula a análise de situações de risco, contribuindo para o ensino da segurança do paciente e direcionando o planejamento de cuidados de enfermagem. A descrição dos passos e métodos usados na aplicação do modelo nesta pesquisa subsidia sua aplicabilidade entre estudantes brasileiros; bem como oportuniza melhorias para futuros estudos. Palavras-chave: Pensamento crítico*. Precisão diagnóstica*. Raciocínio clínico*. Metodologia. Educação superior. Processos de enfermagem. *descritores não disponíveis no DeCS, porém imprescindíveis para a construção do estudo.
Abstract: The Developing Nurses' Thinking (DNT) model is an educational methodology that aims to guide Nursing students on either real or hypothetical clinical evaluations. This model is based on supporting the clinical reasoning by organizing clues or barely imperceptible traces. Thus, the researcher is able to identify correct diagnosis in order to validate adequate health care plans. By these means, the academic can make use of a data-basis to support the assistance systematization during the problem seeking and Nursing diagnosis development targeting better assistance approaches. Justification: Essays on different teaching methodologies for Nursing academics depict a possibility of enhancing the professional practice under the viewpoint of promoting diagnosis accuracy and critical thinking development. Those should result in efficient and healthy procedures which contribute to health assistance education, research and safety. Goal: To analyze the applicability of Developing Nurses' Thinking model on bachelor of Nursing Brazilian students. Method: This research has a considerably quasi-experimental design which gathers intervention and controlling groups disposed in six sample groups. It took place from August to October of 2016 among students from the fourth to ninth semester of the Nursing program at Universidad Federal do Paraná. During the research, each group was submitted to pretests and posttests denominated tutorials which contained sociodemographic interviews, DNT models with four case studies, and evaluation questionnaires. Educational activities were also developed within the intervention group. They were organized in twelve four-hour workshops that approached topics on clinical education, diagnostic accuracy, critical thinking, patient safety and DNT. Outcomes: The intervention group was composed by 37 fourth, sixth and eighth semester students while 39 fifth, seventh and ninth semester students were part of the controlling group. When comparing the groups' performance, a higher number of problems were identified by the intervention group. As a DNT result, the majority of participants agreed on the model's positive characteristics. Conclusion: The DNT model provides a range of requirements to the Nursing process. It is a compact methodology that encompasses the critical thinking predictive control that is essential to the diagnosis process practice. Its application stimulates the analysis of risky situations and thus contributes to patient's safety education and care. Keywords: Critical Thinking *. Diagnostic accuracy *. Clinical reasoning *. Methodology. College education. Nursing processes. *descriptors are not available at DeCS, although being indispensable to the study development.
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Fraga, Junior Carlos Augusto Vidigal. "O gênero Cladonia P. Browne (Ascomycota liquenizados) em ambientes de restinga no litoral do Estado do Espírito Santo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46187.
Abstract:
Orientador : Profª. Drª. Sionara EliasaroCoorientador : Dr. Emerson Luis Gumboski
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 18/11/2016
Inclui referências : f. 34-41;64-68;93-95
Área de concentração: Taxonomia, biologia e diversidade de algas e liquens
Resumo: As restingas brasileiras abrigam uma grande diversidade de espécies de fungos liquenizados, no entanto, no estado do Espírito Santo, os registros são escassos e pouco explorados. O gênero Cladonia é o mais expressivo dentro da família Cladoniaceae, contando com aproximadamente 500 espécies. É caracterizado pelo talo dimórfico ou também denominado cladoniforme, geralmente apresentando uma estrutura horizontal, crustosa ou esquamulosa, denominado talo primário, e uma estrutura normalmente ereta, denominada talo secundário ou podécio. Este trabalho teve por objetivo ser o primeiro a investigar extensivamente o gênero Cladonia nas restingas capixabas, caracterizando sua morfologia, produção de metabólitos secundários e tendências ecológicas, assim como proporcionar meios para identificação como chaves e ilustrações, contribuindo para o conhecimento da liquenobiota capixaba. Foram realizadas 12 excursões de coleta nos meses de Janeiro, Fevereiro e Julho de 2015. Os exemplares coletados foram depositados nos herbários da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UPCB) e da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICN). As análises morfológicas e anatômicas de importâcia taxonômica foram realizadas sob microscópio estereoscópico e óptico. Para as análises químicas, foram realizados testes de coloração do talo, observação sob luz UV e cromatografia em camada delgada. Para as ilustrações foi utilizada câmera fotográfica. Dos 554 exemplares coletados foram identificadas 27 espécies de Cladonia das quais, C. tuberosa Fraga-Junior, Gumboski & Eliasaro e C. capixaba Fraga-Junior, Gumboski & Eliasaro são descritas como novas para a ciência, e nove são novos registros para o estado: C. consimilis Vain., C. corallifera (Kunze) Nyl., C.crustacea Ahti, C. dendroides (Abayes) Ahti, C. pityrophylla Nyl., C. polyscypha Ahti & L. Xavier, C. salzmannii Nyl., C. sphacelata Vain., C. subminiata S. Stenroos. Confirmamos a ocorrência de C. sprucei Ahti e C. rangiferina subsp. abayesii (Ahti) Ahti & DePriest. Não confirmamos a ocorrência das seguintes espécies previamente citadas: C. bahiana Ahti, C. coccifera (L.) Willd., C. kalbii (Ahti) Ahti & DePriest e C. rugicaulis Ahti. Palavras-chave: Cladoniaceae, fungos liquenizados, sudeste brasileiro, taxonomia
Abstract: The Brazilian restinga shelters a great diversity of species of lichenized fungi, however, in the state of the Espírito Santo, the records are scarce and little explored. The genus Cladonia is the most expressive in the Cladoniaceae, with approximately 500 species. It is characterized by dimorphic thallus or also called cladoniiform, usually exhibiting a horizontal thallus, crustose or squamulose called primary thallus, with an usually erect structure, called secondary thallus or podetia. This study aimed to be the first to extensively investigate the genus Cladonia in the restinga vegetation of Espirito Santo, characterizing their morphology, production of secondary metabolites and environmental trends, and provide ways for identification such as identification keys and illustrations, contributing to the knowledge of Espírito Santo state lichenobiota. 12 collection expeditions were held between January, February and July of 2015. The collected specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Federal University of Paraná (UPCB) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICN). The morphological and anatomical analyses were performed under stereoscopic and opitc microscope. For chemical analysis, coloring tests, observation under UV light and thin layer chromatography were done. For the illustrations, a digital camera was used. From the 554 collected specimens, we identified 27 species of Cladonia of which, C. tuberosa Fraga-Junior, Gumboski & Eliasaro and C. capixaba Fraga-Junior, Gumboski & Eliasaro are described as new to science, and nine are new records for the state: C. consimilis Vain, C. corallifera (Kunze) Nyl., C.crustacea Ahti, C. dendroides (Abayes) Ahti, C. pityrophylla Nyl., C. polyscypha Ahti & L. xavier, C. salzmannii Nyl., C. sphacelata Vain., C. subminiata S. Stenroos. We confirmed the occurrence of C. sprucei Ahti and C. rangiferina subsp. abayesii (Ahti) Ahti & DePriest. We could not confirm the occurrence of previously mentioned species: C. bahiana Ahti, C. coccifera (L.) Willd., C. kalbii (Ahti) Ahti & DePriest and C. rugicaulis Ahti. Keywords: Cladoniaceae, lichenized fungi, southeastern Brazil, taxonomy
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Ferri, Junior. "Abordagem modular baseada em dicionário para reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas através de associação aproximada." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46487.
Abstract:
Orientador : Marcos Didonet Del FabroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/08/2016
Inclui referências : f. 47-50
Área de concentração: Ciência da computação
Resumo: As técnicas de extração de informações estão sempre evoluindo para serem capazes de trabalhar com a quantidade crescente de dados disponíveis através de textos em linguagem natural e não estruturados. Destacamos a subtarefa da extração de informação conhecida como reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas baseado em dicionário, que realiza a identificação de sequências de caracteres que representam entidades de um determinado grupo, e o bom desempenho dessa subtarefa é fundamental para um bom processo de extração de informação. O reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas (NER) permite definir os sujeitos que são abordados pelo texto como organizações, pessoas, locais, etc. Pontos que ainda são desafios dentro da subtarefa de NER para sistemas baseados em dicionário são a presença de erros ortográficos nos textos e a existência de poucos sistemas de NER capazes de trabalhar em diferentes contextos. Esse trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para o reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas baseado em dicionário. Para trabalhar com textos que podem apresentar erros ortográficos, é utilizada uma busca por associação aproximada baseada na distância de edição entre as sequências de caracteres que representam a entrada do dicionário e as sub-partes do texto. Para promover a redução do erro entre as sequências de caracteres (SC) e facilitar a busca por associação aproximada são utilizados algoritmos de transformação. Esses algoritmos permitem a busca sobre o dicionário encontrar uma quantidade maior de entidades se comparada com as buscas utilizando as SCs originais para um mesmo valor da distância de edição aceita. As transformações também colaboram com a redução do tamanho das SCs e com a criação de mais prefixos similares, promovendo uma redução no tamanho da árvore de prefixo que indexa o dicionário. Para melhorar a precisão da nossa abordagem, disponibilizamos recursos de filtragem que fazem uso de métricas de similaridade para eliminar entidades falsas que foram retornadas da busca sobre o dicionário. Nossa abordagem também foi projetada para permitir a configuração de alguns componentes de forma a ser adaptada para diferentes casos de estudo. Palavras-chave: Reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas, Associação Aproximada de Sequências de Caracteres, Conversão fonética.
Abstract: The information extraction techniques are always evolving to be able to work with the increasing amount of unstructured data available through texts in natural language. We highlight the information extraction subtask known as dictionary-based named entity recognition, which performs the identification of strings that represent entities of a particular group, and the good performance of this sub-task is critical for a good extracting information process. The named entity recognition (NER) defines the nouns that are covered by the text as organizations, people, places, etc. Some subjects that still represent chalenges in the sub-task of NER for currently systems that are dictionary-based are the presence of spelling errors in the text and the existence of few NER systems that are able to work in different contexts. This work presents an approach of a dictionary-based named entity recognition. Looking to work with texts that may have spelling errors, we use an approximate string matching search based on edit distance between the strings that represent the entries of the dictionary and the substrings of the text. To further the reduction of the error between the strings and facilitate the search using approximate matching we used transformation algorithms. These algorithms allow the search on the dictionary find a greater amount of entities if compared with the search using the original strings, for the same value of Edit Distance. Transformations also promote the strings size reduction and create more similar prefixes, promoting a reduction in the size of the prefix tree (trie) that indexes the dictionary. To improve the precision of our approach, we provide filtering capabilities that make use of similarity metrics to eliminate false entities that have been returned from the search on the dictionary trie. Our approach is also designed to enable the configuration of some components to be adapted to different study cases. Keywords: Named entity recognition, Approximate string matching, Phonetic conversion.
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Sahota, Ranveer. "Readiness for student practice education questionnaire : content validation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46287.
Abstract:
Student Practice Education is an important topic to clinical education. There has been little to no research assessing whether or not clinical units are prepared to host student practice education, nor has there been much research focused on how to evaluate readiness to host student practice education.
The purpose of this study was to assess the content and face validity of an original questionnaire which will measure readiness to host student practice. The questionnaire includes concepts related to student practice education, such as communication processes, job descriptions, leadership structures, organizational goals, data collection and analysis and support.
Data were collected via five focus groups, in which the items of the questionnaire were discussed with individuals in various leadership roles relating to student practice education. The questions were rated by the participants on a relevancy scale, which were later analyzed by calculating median scores. A thematic analysis was done of the focus group transcripts to identify themes related to student practice education infrastructure and processes.
Median scores were calculated for the relevancy ratings and revealed that the questions of the survey were considered very relevant or essential to assess readiness to host student practice education. Content analysis also revealed four themes specific to student practice education: infrastructure for communication, lack of familiarity with leadership structure amongst health care professionals, job descriptions and lack of familiarity with organizational goals amongst health care professionals.
Student practice education and health care are interconnected. The health care organization and clinical units provide experiential educational opportunities for students, in which effective leadership, communication and educational structures would be beneficial. More research on communication, leadership, and organizational infrastructure, in relation to student practice education could be beneficial in critically examining the health care system and readiness for student practice education.
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Sanford, Nicole Alexandra. "Symptom-related attributional biases in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46387.
Abstract:
Impairments in social cognition are known to have severe impacts on functional outcome in schizophrenia. Attributional biases (i.e., biases towards assigning blame/credit to oneself, other people, or to the situation) are of particular interest due to their direct relevance to paranoid delusions and potential implication in cognitive-based treatments. A "defense" model of paranoid delusions proposed by Bentall, Kinderman, and Kaney (1994) suggests that paranoid individuals possess an extreme self-serving bias, with a specific tendency to blame other people as opposed to the situation (i.e., personalizing bias). In addition, an inability to integrate belief-disconfirming information is thought to underlie the fixedness of delusions. However, these biases have not been investigated simultaneously to check for additive or multiplicative effects on associations with symptoms. Moreover, previous studies have failed to take into account the heterogeneity of the symptoms of psychosis. The present research employed structural equation modelling and constrained principal component analysis in schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, and healthy individuals to examine the extent to which group differences and symptom severity could predict patterns of responding on a novel attributional bias task, designed to assess an individual's ability to integrate contextual information in conjunction with attributional reasoning. In line with the defense model of paranoia, it was predicted that schizophrenia patients with severe paranoid delusions would display enhanced self-serving and personalizing biases. However, no differences between diagnostic- or symptom-based participant groups were found. Conversely, the severity of symptoms of overactive disorganization in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients predicted higher situation attributions and self-blame (specifically when such attributions were unsupported by the available evidence), while higher depression in healthy participants was negatively related to situation attributions and lower self-credit. These findings suggest that non-self-serving bases may be non-specifically related to high psychopathology, while an ability to integrate socially-relevant contextual information to consider other people’s roles in events may be reduced in overactive disorganization in mental illness, and is negatively related to depression in healthy individuals. The absence of noticeable group differences in attributional biases illustrates the importance of employing a multivariate symptom-based approach when studying complex cognitive processes in psychosis.
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Jahanmardi, Maryam. "British-Persian relations in the Sherley dossier (1598-1626)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46487.
Abstract:
As part of a more general interest in “Orientalism” and the history of East-West relations, a good deal of scholarly attention has lately been devoted to cultural, commercial and political interactions between the English and the Persians in the period of Britain’s main colonial expansion, from the eighteenth century onwards. This study joins a growing body of scholarship that concentrates on an earlier period and that is developing new theoretical paradigms for understanding East-West relations during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in terms of mutuality, dialogue and reciprocity (e.g. Matar, Maclean, Vitkus, Loomba, Burton, Barbour, and Dimmock). As emphasized by these critics, the power relations assumed by postcolonial theory are unsustainable in an early modern context, because it was only during the eighteenth century that Muslim empires such as those of the Ottomans and Persians became the subjects of colonial construction. In fact, in contrast to the imperialist views of the eighteenth century, the early modern English showed a great interest in cultural and commercial relations with the Islamic “Other”. In this thesis, I examine early modern England’s relationship with the Muslim East in general, and with Persians in particular, emphasizing the fluidity of intercultural relations. I also suggest that “Otherness” in the early modern period itself had a fluid and ambivalent nature. My study focuses on a dossier of texts relating to the travels of two Englishmen (the brothers Anthony and Robert Sherley) to Persia, which played a significant role in the formation of early modern English perceptions of Persia and of Persians. The main scene of the study lies between the first trip made by the Sherley brothers to Persia in 1598 and the publication in 1625 of Purchas His Pilgrims. These accounts are of two distinct types: narratives written by traveller-writers, and those composed by hired writers at home. Juxtaposing these two groups of accounts, I demonstrate the versatility of the representation of the Persian “Other” and point out how the writers’ predispositions and the changing politico-historical milieu influenced the construction of images of the Persians.
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Infante, Maria Cristina. "Building an ecosystem services value at risk conceptual framework for sustainability, efficiency and fairness in resource management : starting values from marine ecosystems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46587.
Abstract:
The primary research problem addressed in this thesis is the development of a conceptual framework for a novel ecological economics risk measure called “ecosystem services value at risk” to guide sustainability, efficiency and fairness in the human use of natural ecosystems. Ecosystem services value at risk integrates ecosystem services valuation with financial value at risk to provide an estimate of a “worst likely loss” in ecosystem services under alternative policies. This new approach estimates the uncertainty around ecosystem services values from human activities. By framing the risk to ecosystem services in terms of loss, this risk measure conveys a more powerful message about the need to protect nature. The core elements of an ecosystem services value at risk framework are: ecosystem services valuation; total economic value; stochastic ecological resource use models; financial value at risk; intergenerational discounting; society’s time frame for evaluation; and decision rules. This research is multidisciplinary, drawing insights from ecological economics, finance, fisheries economics, ecological modeling and decision analysis.
Ecosystem services value at risk is illustrated with marine examples, which are timely and critical. Marine ecosystems, which provide valuable and essential benefits to humankind, are being severely altered all over the world from overfishing, climate change, marine pollution and habitat destruction. The risk measure is shown to be meaningful by applying a stochastic Schaefer surplus production model to a well-studied marine example, Namibian hake. A case study of the collapsed Georges Bank yellowtail flounder further demonstrates its usefulness to marine policy evaluation. A simple risk measure based on the market values of catch provisioning services leads to selecting conservative harvest policies, ruling out high levels of fishing intensity. The non-market values of a second type of ecosystem service, the regulating services from conserved biomass, are next considered. Both values provide a distribution for a lower bound estimate of the ecosystem services value at risk for the marine ecosystem. Including regulating services allows even more precautionary strategies that favor conservation. The ecosystem services value at risk framework thus supports sustainability and ecosystem resilience, promising to help protect the flow of benefits from nature for current and future generations.
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Postlethwaite, Benjamin. "Seismic velocities and composition of the Canadian crust." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46687.
Abstract:
It has been suggested that processes driving crustal formation in the Archean and Proterozoic
were dissimilar and produced crusts with unique bulk properties and average thicknesses.
The calibration of models based on evolving mantle fractionation or mantle convection style
require accurate estimates of the geological and geophysical properties of crustal provinces
to better constrain the details of crustal formation. Fifteen years of publicly accessible
teleseismic data from all available Canadian seismic stations are binned in horizontal slowness
and deconvolved into receiver functions. We apply a stacking method to retrieve estimates of
the bulk crustal velocity ratio V P /V S and thickness H from these data under the assumption
of locally 1-D structure. We also investigate modifications to this approach that can allow
discrimination of V S and V P under certain conditions. Bootstrap error analysis is performed
for each station dataset and subsets of these measurements are compared with results for
matching stations from previous studies. Analysis of results in conjunction with additional
velocity estimates from active source seismic studies and a seismic property database affords
improved constraints on bulk geological composition of the Canadian landmass that are used
to evaluate competing models of crustal formation.
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Smalley, Daniel E. "High-resolution spatial light modulation for holographic video." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46587.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).
The goal of the proposed research is to further the fabrication of a high-bandwidth two-axis scanning device. The device is intended for use in a holographic video geometry built specifically to take advantage of the new modulator's high-bandwidth and vertical-deflection capabilities, but it could also be used in many developing 3D display systems which currently require high-bandwidth light modulation. The modulator will have a spatial frequency bandwidth one order-of-magnitude greater than current light modulation technologies and be two orders of magnitude less expensive.
by Daniel E. Smalley.
S.M.
22
Alam, Mohammad-Reza. "Interaction of waves in a two-layer density stratified fluid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46487.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-282).
In the first part of this thesis, the mechanisms of nonlinear resonant interaction of surface-interfacial waves with a rippled bottom in a two-layer density stratified fluid in two dimensions is investigated via perturbation analyses and direct simulation. Three classes of Bragg resonances are found to exist if the nonlinear interactions up to third order in the wave/ripple steepness are considered. At second order, class I Bragg resonance occurs involving two surface and/or internal waves and one bottom ripple component. At third order, class II and III Bragg resonances occur involving resonant interactions of four wave/ripple components. A powerful high-order spectral (HOS) method for nonlinear gravity wave dynamics in a homogeneous fluid is extended to the case of a two-layer fluid over non-uniform bottom. The method is capable of capturing the nonlinear interactions among large number of surface/interfacial wave mode and bottom ripple components up to an arbitrary high order. As an illustration of the usefulness of the numerical method a somewhat complicated problem involving many wave/bottom components is considered and it is shown that the ensuing multiple (near) resonant interactions result in the generation of multiple new transmitted/reflected waves that fill a broad wavenumber band eventually leading to loss of order and chaotic motion. In the second part of this thesis, Resonance between waves of an oscillating/translating disturbance in two-layer density stratified fluids is studied. Waves in homogeneous fluid are known to be non-resonant at the second order. Many seas and oceans, however, are weakly stratified. Here it is shown that in the presence of stratification triad resonance between ship-generated waves can occur. For the more general problem and as an independent validation, the HOS is extended to consider the effect of the current and an oscillating submerged singularity. Direct simulation results compare well with analytical predictions in the near- and far-fields and offer a powerful tool for practical problems with general time-dependent motions/interactions of one or more bodies.
by Mohammad-Reza Alam.
Ph.D.
23
Baker, Peter R. (Peter Ross). "Three dimensional printing with fine metal powders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46287.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 97).
In the area of direct metal part manufacture, the 3DPTM process has several inherent advantages over traditional machining and P/M technologies: hard tooling is not required to manufacture parts, geometries may be created which can not be made by conventional processes, and the composition of parts may be controlled locally on a 100 gm scale. The surface finish of 3DPTM parts will be a key factor in the determination of what parts are candidates for direct manufacture via the 3DPTM process. Powder size is the limiting factor in the determination of the surface finish of 3DPTM parts. On the micro scale, it determines the roughness due to particle arrangement, and on the macro scale it determines the thinnest layers from which parts may by built. The 3DPTM process has been adapted to a fine metal powder (ten micron particle diameter) material system. Powder spreading, ink-jet technology, and the effect of print parameters on printing with fine metal powders have been examined. Powder spreading experiments were conducted to examine the limits of layer thickness and packing density. 420 ss, S-7 tool steel, and 316L ss powderbed beds were generated in fifty micron layers. Packing densities of 55%, 59% and 59% respectively were obtained for the three powders. Line printing experiments were conducted with both continuous jet (CJ) and drop on demand (DOD) printheads to examine the relationship between droplet frequency, droplet spacing and the quality of printed lines. Lines were printed at droplet frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 40 kHz and with droplet spacings from ten to fifty microns. Low print frequencies and small droplet spacings result in the highest quality lines. A droplet spacing of thirty microns and a droplet frequency of 667 Hz was chosen for the printing of 3-D parts with a Hewlett- Packard DOD printhead. 3-D part geometries were generated using fifty micron layers of ten micron 420 ss powder. These parts demonstrated the improvement in surface finish achieved with fine metal powders and the capability to create parts from fields identified as promising for the direct fabrication of metal parts via the 3DPTM process.
by Peter R. Baker, Jr.
S.M.
24
Jacobs, Robert N. (Robert Nathan). "A wireless sensor-based mobile music environment complied from a graphical language." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46087.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
In this thesis I demonstrate a framework for a wireless sensor-based mobile music environment. Most prior work has not been truly portable. Those that were have focused on external data as opposed to properties of the listener. In this project I built a short-range wireless sensor network (using the ZigBee protocol and an accelerometer) and a compiler for PureData, a graphical music processing language. With these parts, I realized a synchronized music experience that generates a soundtrack based on the listener's movement. By synchronizing the music to the user's natural rhythms, it encourages the user to maintain a given pace for a longer period of time. I describe extensions to this example that point to a future of portable interactive music tied to exercise and physical activity.
by Robert N. Jacobs.
M.Eng.
25
Harsha, Pavithra. "Mitigating airport congestion : market mechanisms and airline response models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46387.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-165).
Efficient allocation of scarce resources in networks is an important problem worldwide. In this thesis, we focus on resource allocation problems in a network of congested airports. The increasing demand for access to the world's major commercial airports combined with the limited operational capacity at many of these airports have led to growing air traffic congestion resulting in several billion dollars of delay cost every year. In this thesis, we study two demand-management techniques -- strategic and operational approaches -- to mitigate airport congestion. As a strategic initiative, auctions have been proposed to allocate runway slot capacity. We focus on two elements in the design of such slot auctions -- airline valuations and activity rules. An aspect of airport slot market environments, which we argue must be considered in auction design, is the fact that the participating airlines are budget-constrained. -- The problem of finding the best bundle of slots on which to bid in an iterative combinatorial auction, also called the preference elicitation problem, is a particularly hard problem, even more in the case of airlines in a slot auction. We propose a valuation model, called the Aggregated Integrated Airline Scheduling and Fleet Assignment Model, to help airlines understand the true value of the different bundles of slots in the auction. This model is efficient and was found to be robust to data uncertainty in our experimental simulations.
(cont.) -- Activity rules are checks made by the auctioneer at the end of every round to suppress strategic behavior by bidders and to promote consistent, continual preference elicitation. These rules find applications in several real world scenarios including slot auctions. We show that the commonly used activity rules are not applicable for slot auctions as they prevent straightforward behavior by budget-constrained bidders. We propose the notion of a strong activity rule which characterizes straightforward bidding strategies. We then show how a strong activity rule in the context of budget-constrained bidders (and quasilinear bidders) can be expressed as a linear feasibility problem. This work on activity rules also applies to more general iterative combinatorial auctions.We also study operational (real-time) demand-management initiatives that are used when there are sudden drops in capacity at airports due to various uncertainties, such as bad-weather. We propose a system design that integrates the capacity allocation, airline recovery and inter-airline slot exchange procedures, and suggest metrics to evaluate the different approaches to fair allocations.
by Pavithra Harsha.
Ph.D.
26
Tanino, Yukie 1980. "Flow and solute transport in random cylinder arrays : a model for emergent aquatic plant canopies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46787.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-166).
With wetlands constituting about 6% of earth's land surface, aquatic vegetation plays a significant role in defining mean flow patterns and in the transport of dissolved and particulate material in the environment. However, the dependence of the hydrodynamic and transport processes on fundamental properties of an aquatic plant canopy has not been investigated systematically over the wide range of conditions that are observed in the field. A laboratory investigation was conducted to describe flow and solute transport in idealized emergent plant canopies. This thesis presents laboratory measurements of the mean drag, turbulence structure and intensity, and lateral dispersion of passive solute in arrays of randomly-distributed cylinders, a model for emergent, rigid aquatic plants. Mean drag per cylinder length normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and viscosity increases linearly with cylinder Reynolds number. In contrast to the dependence previously reported for sparse arrays at Reynolds numbers greater than 1000, the drag coefficient increases with increasing cylinder density in intermediate and high cylinder densities. In dense arrays, turbulent eddies are constrained by the interstitial pore size such that the integral length scale is equal to the mean surface-to-surface distance between a cylinder in the array and its nearest neighbor. The classic scale model for mean turbulence intensity, which is a function of the inertial contribution to the drag coefficient, the solid volume fraction, and the integral length scale of turbulence normalized by d, is then confirmed with our laboratory measurements. Our laboratory experiments demonstrate that Kyy/ (d), the asymptotic (Fickian) lateral dispersion coefficient normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and d, is independent of Reynolds number at sufficiently high Reynolds number.
(cont.) Although previous models predict that asymptotic lateral dispersion increases monotonically with cylinder density, laboratory measurements reveal that lateral dispersion at high Reynolds number exhibits three distinct regimes. In particular, an intermediate regime in which Kyy/ (d) decreases with increasing cylinder density is observed. A scale model for turbulent diffusion is developed with the assumption that only turbulent eddies with integral length scale greater than d contribute significantly to net lateral dispersion. The observed dependence of asymptotic dispersion on cylinder density is accurately described by a linear superposition of this turbulent diffusion model and existing models for dispersion due to the spatially-heterogeneous velocity field that arises from the presence of the cylinders. Finally, laboratory measurements support the conjecture that Kyy/ (d) is not strongly dependent on Reynolds number in dense arrays at any Red. However, the distance required to achieve asymptotic dispersion is shown to depend strongly on the Reynolds number.
by Yukie Tanino.
Ph.D.
27
Thrash, Tunna E. 1975. "Commercial gentrification : trends and solutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46687.
28
Suen, Benny (Benny Hung Kit) 1975. "Internet information aggregation using the Context Interchange framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46187.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and, Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.by Benny Suen.
B.S.
M.Eng.
29
Roy, Mélanie. "Effets de l'injection de phencyclidine sur les comportements générés par l'animal ou imposés par l'expérimentateur chez le rat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46487.
Abstract:
Au moyen du modèle phencyclidine (PCP) de la schizophrénie chez le rat, la présente étude se propose de tester la généralité du postulat selon lequel les patients schizophrènes avec une prédominance de symptômes négatifs éprouvent de la difficulté lorsqu'ils doivent initier spontanément un comportement, mais pas lorsqu'une instruction explicite externe en guide la production (Frith 1993). La performance de rats traités au PCP ou avec une solution saline est comparée dans des versions générée par l ’animal (SG) et imposée par l'expérimentateur (SD) des tâches de labyrinthe radial et en T. Tel qu'attendu, nos données, plus particulièrement celles recueillies dans le labyrinthe en T. montrent que les rats PCP obtiennent une performance déficitaire uniquement dans la version SG. Conformément à l’interprétation de Frith, il semble que les symptômes négatifs de la maladie reflètent davantage une difficulté à amorcer une action qu'une incapacité à réaliser cette action correctement une fois amorcée.
30
Zha, Wenwei. "Facilitating FPGA Reconfiguration through Low-level Manipulation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46787.
Abstract:
The process of FPGA reconfiguration is to recompile a design and then update the FPGA configuration correspondingly. Traditionally, FPGA design compilation follows the way how hardware is compiled for achieving high performance, which requires a long computation time. How to efficiently compile a design becomes the bottleneck for FPGA reconfiguration.
It is promising to apply some techniques or concepts from software to facilitate FPGA reconfiguration. This dissertation explores such an idea by utilizing three types of low-level manipulation on FPGA logic and routing resources, i.e. relocating, mapping/placing, and routing. It implements an FMA technique for "fast reconfiguration". The FMA makes use of the software compilation technique of reusing pre-compiled libraries for explicitly reducing FPGA compilation time. Based the software concept of Autonomic Computing, this dissertation proposes to build an Autonomous Adaptive System (AAS) to achieve "self-reconfiguration". An AAS absorbs the computing complexity into itself and compiles the desired change on its own.
For routing, an FPGA router is developed. This router is able to route the MCNC
benchmark circuits on five Xilinx devices within 0.35 ~ 49.05 seconds. Creating a routing-free sandbox with this router is 1.6 times faster than with OpenPR. The FMA uses relocating to load pre-compiled modules and uses routing to stitch the modules. It is an essential component of TFlow, which achieves 8 ~ 39 times speedup as compared to the traditional ISE flow on various test cases. The core part of an AAS is a lightweight embedded version of utilities for managing the system's hardware functionality. Two major utilities are mapping/placing and routing. This dissertation builds a proof-of-concept AAS with a universal UART transmitter. The system autonomously instantiates the circuit for generating the desired BAUD rate to adapt to the requirement of a remote UART receiver.Ph. D.
31
Farooqi, Abdul Haseeb. "Thinking Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46187.
Abstract:
Sacred spaces have long existed due to their importance as a symbol of belief. Structures are designed to be timeless and forever lasting, representing the essence of faith. In this case, a Mosque has been designed for a site in La Jolla, California, keeping the sacred practices of the religion in mind during design composition. This includes the importance of connectivity for every man and woman, to God. The segregated praying areas for men and women are essential aspects of the design; from entering the site, the common area or courtyard at the center, to the separate walkways for each gender, symbolize the importance of gender segregation and yet a common ground for
unity and equality at the holy site. A walk through the corridor leads to the washing area for self cleansing and ritual ablution in preparation for entering the sacred space for prayers, the entrance to a space for a spiritual connection with God.Master of Architecture
32
Fomchenko, Nicole M. S. "Estimating the Components of a Wetland Water Budget." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46487.
Abstract:
The design of wetlands to replace those lost to development requires quantitative understanding of the wetland water budget in order to estimate the amount of water available to the wetland over time. Many methods exist to estimate each component of the wetland water budget. In this study, monthly values of the water budget components namely, precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater seepage were calculated using a water budget model and compared to on-site field measurements for a wetland in Manassas, Prince William County, VA. The monthly precipitation estimated from a weather station 32.18 km from the site differed from the on-site values by as much as 2.9 times. Runoff estimates calculated by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method using antecedent moisture condition (AMC) II underpredicted runoff for every month by as high as 100 percent compared to the on-site measured runoff. The choice of AMC greatly affected the SCS runoff estimates. Runoff was the dominant water budget component at the Manassas wetland. The evapotranspiration (ET) estimates using the Thornthwaite method either over or underestimated ET when compared to ET calculated from diurnal cycles of the water table in the wetland. Groundwater seepage losses were calculated using Darcy's equation with an assumed hydraulic gradient of one, and with gradients measured with nested piezometers. Seepage losses at the Manassas wetland were negligible. Overall, the water budget model provided conservative estimates of the available water in the wetland during the 10-month period of observation.Master of Science
33
Le, Roux L. "Difficulties in claiming prospective losses : can a comparative study provide a solution?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46087.
34
Gabriel, Keshia C. "Comparison on the rules of origin for customs and excise." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46187.
Abstract:
South Africa is currently an emerging economy and has various trade agreements with the United States of America and the United Kingdom according to which South Africa enjoys different preferential rules of origin. In some respects, current customs and excise legislation relating to rules of origin places South Africa at a disadvantage in the global arena. In some cases, preferential rules of origin with developed countries benefit South Africa little if they are not properly structured, or if the rules of various trade agreements contradict each other.
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether South Africa’s rules of origin are sufficiently aligned with those of more developed economies to improve the economy, thereby increasing trade growth and tax revenue. This study compared the South African rules of origin with rules of origin that are applied in another developing country, namely Brazil, as well as to those applied in two developed countries, namely the United Kingdom and the United States. To illustrate the application of the rules of origin, this study focused specifically on rules of origin applicable to individual quick frozen poultry. This comparative study identified similarities and differences between the countries, and noted possible improvements to South African customs and excise tax legislation for this industry. It was found that the rules of origin applied in South Africa are similar in some respects to those used in the UK. An improvement that South Africa could make is to minimise the number of rules in effect by negotiating better preferential rates of duty across more than one country. South Africa could also ensure that it can comply with all obligatory conditions of trade agreements entered into to avoid under-utilisation of the benefits of a trade agreement. By adopting or adapting some of the advantages of the rules of origin in the countries chosen for comparison, South Africa can grow its international trade and generate increased tax revenue to support the government’s revenue income demand.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Taxation
MCom
Unrestricted
35
ALCANO, MATTEO CARLO. "Masculine identities, youth gangs and male sex work among East Javarese migrants in South Bali (Indonesia)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/46087.
Abstract:
The present work examines the construction of masculine identities in the context of migration between the city of Surabaya, East Java and the region of South Bali. It addresses the issues of growth, work and the transition towards adulthood among underemployed East Javanese young men who seek membership to street gangs of male sex workers in South Bali. My focus is on social relations among youth gangs who make extensive use of violence. I try to explore the meaning of collective practices and the outcomes of violent behavior in the lives of these young men as they attempt to draw together the necessary social and material resources to enter adult life. This thesis is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in South Bali and Surabaya for twenty months between 2008 and 2010.
36
Vila, Corts Antoni. "Resolució de problemes de matemàtiques: identificació, origen i formació dels sistemes de creences en l'alumnat. Alguns efectes sobre l'abordatge dels problemes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4687.
Abstract:
El present estudi es desenvolupa sobre alumnat de 1r d'ESO i té com a objectius: identificar elements del sistema de creences (SC) entorn a l'activitat de resolució de problemes (RP), analitzar la relació entre aquells i les accions desenvolupades durant l'abordatge en la RP no estàndard i identificar aspectes que incideixin en l'origen i formació dels SC.El Marc Teòric és el que ve descrit per la RP de Matemàtiques a l'escola i per les Creences de l'alumnat, a la vegada que per l'estreta relació assumida entre ambdues. En particular, abordem la RP des d'una visió curricular i adoptant el paper de mediadora de processos (Schoenfeld, 1991; Callejo, 1994; Abrantes, 1996; Deulofeu, 2000), incorporem els aspectes que intervenen en el procés de RP des d'un intent de no-separació dels dominis afectiu i cognitiu (McLeod, 1992; Gómez-Chacón, 1997) i en relació a la importància del context sòcio-cultural (Bishop, 1988). Paral·lelament, en el marc d'estudi dels SC proposat per McLeod (1992) i Pehkonen i Törner (1996), considerem el paper de les creences com a font d'explicació de les conductes i els obstacles de l'alumnat.
L'estudi ha integrat l'enfocament quantitatiu (totalitat de l'alumnat de 1r d'ESO d'un centre educatiu; estudi de Grup) i l'enfocament qualitatiu (un estudi més profund sobre 8 alumnes; estudi de Casos), integrant a la vegada en cadascun d'ells diferents mètodes de recollida de dades, i utilitzant com a principals instruments d'anàlisi la potència de les creences (centralitat psicològica) i els mapes (connexions i estructura en general, basant-nos en LLinares, 1992 i Green, 1971).
Els resultats (estructura del SC) ens han permès concloure que l'alumnat caracteritza el «problema de matemàtiques» com una categoria de pregunta escolar, de naturalesa aritmètica, que ve caracteritzada per aspectes formals de presentació, sense cap referència ni als coneixements del resolutor ni a la finalitat amb la qual és proposat. També concloim que es caracteritza la RP com una activitat de reconeixement / aplicació i a la vegada d'acreditació de les tècniques apreses a classe. Quant als esquemes d'actuació desenvolupats en la fase d'abordatge de problemes no estàndard, els més freqüentment observats són els descrits com ingenus, impulsius o irreflexius, i els consistents a donar resposta ràpida, fins i tot entre l'alumnat amb major rendiment acadèmic, descrivint-se a la vegada rellevants relacions entre aquests esquemes i elements del seu SC.
Quant a l'origen d'aquests SC, s'han descrit relacions entre el seu procés de formació i aspectes del propi context escolar (tasques rutinàries, treball amb RP clarament diferenciat de l'habitual, paper jugar pel professorat), aspectes externs al context escolar (pressions i experiències compartides amb familiars, mites socials) i alguns aspectes afectius.
The present study was conducted on twelve-year-old students. Its general targets are: identifying elements from belief systems (BS) about problem solving, analysing the relationship between such BS and the actions developed during the tackling of non-standard problems, and finally, identifying aspects relevant to the origins and formation of BS.
The theoretical framework to which we have contributed is that of Mathematical Problem Solving in the school (PS) and students' beliefs, as well as the close relationship between them. Specifically, considering we deal with PS from a curricular perspective and assuming the role of process mediator (Schoenfeld, 1991; Callejo, 1994; Abrantes, 1996; Deulofeu, 2000), we have included aspects of PS processes as proposed by McLeod (1992) and Gómez-Chacón (1997) in the sense that the afective and cognitive domains cannot be separated, and Bishop (1988) as to the importance of socio-cultural contexts. Likewise, within the framework of belief studying as proposed by McLeod (1992) and Pehkonen and Törner (1996), we have included the role of beliefs as sources of explanation for the behaviour of students and the hurdles encountered by them.
We have focused on both a quantitative study (all the twelve-year-old students from a secondary school, Group Study), and a qualitative one (an in-depth study conducted on eight students, Case Study).
From our results we have concluded that students categorise a "mathematical problem" as a school question on arithmetics, characterised by formal aspects of presentation, without a reference to either the knowledge acquired for PS, or the aim of the problem itself. We have also concluded that PS is categorised as an activity of identification / application of techniques worked upon in class, as well as the accountability of those techniques. As to the patterns of performance developed during the tackling of non-standard problems, we have concluded that the most frequent ones are those described as naive, impulsive, or irreflexive, and those involving quick answers, even among students with a higher academic standard in mathematics, where we have also found relationships between certain elements of their BS and these patterns of performance.
As to the origins of such BS, we have observed relationships between their process of formation and aspects of the school context itself (routine tasks, working on PS separated of working on mathematics, role of the teachers), aspects outside the school context (pressure, experiences shared with relatives, social myths), and certain aspects of emotion.
37
Brinkmeyer, Langford Candice Lea. "Integrated high-resolution physical and comparative gene maps in horses." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4687.
Abstract:
High-resolution physically ordered gene maps for the horse (Equus caballus,
ECA) are essential to the identification of genes associated with hereditary diseases and
traits of interest like fertility, coat color, and disease resistance or susceptibility. Such
maps also serve as foundations for genome comparisons across species and form the
basis to study chromosome evolution. In this study seven equine chromosomes (ECA6,
7, 10, 15, 18, 21 and X) corresponding to human chromosomes (HSA) 2, 19 and X were
selected for high-resolution mapping on the basis of their potential involvement in
diseases and conditions of importance to horses. To accomplish this, gene- and
sequence-specific markers were generated and genotyped on the TAMU 5000rad horse x
hamster RH panel. Additionally, screening of a BAC library by overgoes and
subsequent STS content mapping and fingerprinting approaches were used to assemble
and verify a BAC contig along a ~5 Mb span on ECA21.
Dense gene maps were generated for each of the seven equine chromosomes by
adding 408 new markers (285 type I and 123 type II) to the current maps of these
chromosomes, thereby greatly improving overall map resolution to one mapped marker
every 960kb on average (range: 700 kb â 1.3 Mb). Moreover, the contig on ECA21 contained 47 markers (42 genes and 5 microsatellites) as well as 106 STS markers
distributed along 207 BAC clones. Comparisons of these maps with other species
revealed a remarkably high level of horse-human X chromosome conservation, as well
as two evolutionary breakpoints unique to Perissodactyls or Equids for the equine
homologues of HSA19 and HSA2, one of which has been more precisely localized by
the ECA21 contig. Thus, high resolution maps developed for these chromosomes i)
provide a basis to map traits of interest rapidly to specific chromosomal regions, ii)
facilitate searches for candidate genes for these traits by fine comparisons of the equine
regions with corresponding segments in other species, and iii) enable understanding the
evolution of the chromosomes. Expansion of this work to the entire equine genome will
be important for developing novel strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of
equine diseases.
38
Tessier, D. F. "Cathodic hydrogen evolution and proton discharge from the unhydrated and hydrated states of the H3O⁽ ion at electrodes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4687.
39
Musafiri, John James. "Perceptions of Bachelor of Nursing students at a university in the Western Cape about clinical learning opportunities and competence regarding the administration of oral medication." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4687.
Abstract:
Magister Curationis - MCurMedication errors can result in harm and death, for which nurses are legally liable. The administration of medication by nurses can be improved through education and training to avoid medication errors in future. The study aimed to investigate fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students’ perceptions regarding the clinical learning opportunities and their competence in the administration of oral medication in a general hospital. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. The all-inclusive sample constituted 176 fourth year Bachelor of Nursing students. A total of 125 respondents completed the self- report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were produced through data processing and univariate and bivariate analysis using of SPSS version 22. The study’s findings show that most of the 125 respondents were placed in a medical (92%, 115) and surgical ward (86.4%, 108). However, a total of 59.2% (74) of the 125 respondents did not practice administration of oral medication on a daily basis. The majority of the respondents perceived themselves as competent in the administration of oral medication. However, only a total of 19.2% (24) of the 125 respondents perceived themselves as competent in all 42 skills required for the correct procedure of administration of oral medication. A negative correlation was found between total self-assessment of competence scores and total clinical placement scores. An observation study, using the check list, of the competence of nursing students in the administration of medication is recommended to exclude bias associated with self-assessment. The use of simulation is recommended to enhance the opportunities and competence of the students in the administration of oral medication to many patients.
40
Moeder, Brenda S. "Moral decision making of university housing and residence life professionals." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4687.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 26, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
41
Kowalski, Michael Władisław. "Comparative study of oscillatory integral, and sub-level set, operator norm estimates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4687.
Abstract:
Oscillatory integral operators have been of interest to both mathematicians and physicists ever since the emergence of the work Theorie Analytique de la Chaleur of Joseph Fourier in 1822, in which his chief concern was to give a mathematical account of the diffusion of heat. For example, oscillatory integrals naturally arise when one studies the behaviour at infinity of the Fourier transform of a Borel measure that is supported on a certain hypersurface. One reduces the study of such a problem to that of having to obtain estimates on oscillatory integrals. However, sub-level set operators have only come to the fore at the end of the 20th Century, where it has been discovered that the decay rates of the oscillatory integral I(lambda) above may be obtainable once the measure of the associated sub-level sets are known. This discovery has been fully developed in a paper of A. Carbery, M. Christ and J.Wright. A principal goal of this thesis is to explore certain uniformity issues arising in the study of sub-level set estimates.
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McKenzie, Heather. "Madame Chrysanthème as an item of nineteenth-century French Japonaiserie." Thesis, University of Canterbury. French, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4687.
Abstract:
Japonisme, a Japanese influence on Western art and design, enjoyed intense popularity during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This study is primarily concerned with the interrelationship between products of that influence, items of japonaiserie, and Pierre Loti's first Japanese travelogue, Madame Chrysanthème (1887). It proposes that this work can be considered and meaningfully analysed as an item of 'literary' japonaiserie even though it contained aspects that criticised Japan.
Characteristic of nineteenth-century commentary on Japan, Madame Chrysanthème is an amalgam of conflicting elements. While the work evokes and reinforces the ideas of a quaint, invigorating, and exotic Japan popular amongst European readers due largely to japonisme, at the same time its protagonist frequently criticises, belittles, and derides aspects of Japan and his Japanese experience. It is this duality combined with the major influence the work has had on Western perceptions of Japan that makes Madame Chrysanthème an important work to examine as an item of japonaiserie.
This study aims towards an intra- and extra-textual evaluation of Madame Chrysanthème. It first examines various extra-textual contexts, applying these to the travelogue through an in-depth, intra-textual analysis in Part V. The stylistic and thematic similarities between the book and japonisme in the non-literary arts are examined, and their nature and extent suggest that Loti deliberately tailored Madame Chrysanthème to meet consumer expectations. Similarities centre upon narrative style and language use, as well as aspects of the 'traditional,' exotic, and unusual Japan that consumers were familiar with being given precedence over a balanced representation of the reality of Meiji Era Japan.
The negative criticism levied at Japan that runs throughout the work is also examined. This aims to demonstrate that while being a formulaic 'Japanesque' travel memoir, Madame Chrysanthème also contains aspects that contrasted and conflicted with the prevailing stereotypes of japonaiserie. In particular, language use and the protagonist's response to Japanese women are vehicles by which he diminishes and derides Japan and the Japanese, while his emotional detachment contrasts with his affection for other places and peoples as recounted in other examples of his travel writing.
This study aims to contribute towards the present body of scholarship on Madame Chrysanthème in several ways. Firstly, while recognising the work as a travelogue, it analyses it as an example or product of japonisme, a movement hitherto largely attributed to the fine and/or decorative arts. Conversely, it broadens conventional scholarly discussion of japonisme and japonaiserie to include travel writing. Secondly, this investigation is the first book-length study dedicated specifically to Madame Chrysanthème and japonaiserie. Its focus on the interrelationship between japonaiserie and the literary representation of Loti's first visit to Japan aims to provide a more thorough investigation and analytical combination of the various facets of this relationship than occur elsewhere. In a similar vein, it draws together writing on Loti and Japan, and interrelates and contrasts the various ideas authors have expounded. Lastly, this study aims to stimulate future inquiry into the similarities between Western stereotypical images of Japan that persist in the present-day and those Loti projected over one hundred years ago. In particular, the persistence, right up to the present day, for the Japanesque to predominate over Japan-proper in Western images of Japan, that is to say a preference for aesthetics rather than actuality, is traced to Madame Chrysanthème.
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Harbison, Stephen Casey. "Evaluation of Pulmonary Risks Associated with Selected Occupations." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4687.
Abstract:
Occupational health surveillance programs are designed to evaluate and reduce injury, illness, and deaths related to workplace hazards. In the state of Florida, there are numerous industries where workers are potentially exposed to airborne hazards from gases, vapors and dusts. Airborne occupational exposures to irritants, vesicants, and fibrogens have the potential to cause pulmonary function impairment if exposures are not properly controlled for high-level acute exposure as well as chronic exposure. For occupations that demand workers be exposed to substances known to be associated with pulmonary function impairment, respirators may be a principal method for exposure
control. OSHA requires pulmonary function testing for specific substances and it is a best practice that is utilized in a majority of occupational settings and is typically included in an organizations respiratory protection program. A literature review identified that boat manufacturing, utilities, and first responders in the State of Florida have the potential for increased pulmonary impairment amongst workers. This research demonstrated the feasibility of using pulmonary function data collected for the purposes of compliance and/or best practices for workers who use respiratory protection because they are potentially exposed to pulmonary toxicants in the workplace. This research did not identify any pulmonary function deficits in the target occupational populations and it demonstrated that in most cases, the study populations had modestly superior pulmonary function compared to a baseline population.
44
Fernandes, Crespo Nuno. "Convergência Real De Uma Economia Periférica Num Espaço Integrado - Uma Aplicação A Portugal No Contexto Da União Europeia." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4687.
Abstract:
Doutoramento em EconomiaO conceito de convergência real entre espaços económicos, no seu sentido mais lato, ( traduz uma tendência de redjujcão do diferencial de desenvolvimento entre esses espaços. Neste trabalho, consideramos o caso de Portugal, no período subsequente à adesão à UE, tendo presente que o processo de convergência real português é influenciado pela sua posição geográfica relativa e pelo seu enquadramento institucional na UE. No plano teórico, procuramos transmitir a abrangência que caracteriza este domínio de investigação, retendo a mensagem central - contraditória em matéria de convergência real - que decorre de um vasto e diferenciado leque de perspectivas teóricas. No plano empírico, a análise desenvolvida desdobra-se em três vertentes complementares. Em primeiro lugar, estudamos a convergência real de Portugal relativamente ao espaço da UE. Em segundo lugar, adoptamos^uma perspectiva interna, avaliando a existência de convergência entre as regiões portuguesas (NUTS III e concelhos). No âmbito destas vertentes de análise, consideramos diferentes domínios em que se materializa o processo de convergência real português, dando, no entanto, ênfase especial à questão da convergência estrutural. Finalmente, seleccionamos um elemento específico susceptível de contribuir para o processo de convergência real, analisando-o detalhadamente. Em concreto, consideramos a questão relativa aos efeitos indirectos do IDE (spillovers).
The concept of real convergence between economic spaces represents, in its broad sense, a tendency to the reduction of the difference in their development levels. In this study, we consider the Portuguese case after the adhesion to the EU, bearing in mind that the Portuguese real convergence process is affected by its relative geographical location and by the institutional framework in the context of the EU. At theoretical level, we enhance the wide character of this research field, presenting the central message - non-consensual in terms of real convergence - emerging from a vast and differentiated group of theoretical perspectives. At empirical level, the analysis is developed in three different but complementary ways. First, we investigate the Portuguese real convergence in the context of the EU space. Second, we adopt an internal perspective, evaluating the existence of convergence between the Portuguese regions (NUTS III and concelhos). In both cases, we consider different topics of the Portuguese real convergence, emphasising structural convergence. Finally, we select and analyse in detail a specific factor which may promote the real convergence process. In this case, we consider the FDI indirect effects (spillovers).
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Escudero, Leonardo, and Larreta Matías Marianetti. "Mejora en el desempeño del proceso de soldadura en industria autopartista." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/4687.
Abstract:
Proyecto Integrador (II)--FCEFN-UNC, 2016Evalúa la situación actual para identificar el orígen de los problemas como son, falta de calidad y un incremento en los costos de producción, con el fin de encontrar una solución que satisfaga, por un lado los requisitos de calidad del cliente, a la vez que mejorar el desempeño del principal proceso que tiene la empresa que es la soldadura
46
Jáuregui, Teniente Luciola Manuela. "Efecto neuroprotector del extracto del zea mays l. sobre la bradicinesia y rigidez inducidas por haloperidol en ratas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4687.
Abstract:
La enfermedad de Parkinson es un desorden neurodegenerativo para el cual ninguna terapia ha probado tener una acción neuroprotectora.El estrés oxidativo y la neuroinflamación juegan un papel importante en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad de Parkinson.Zea mays L., llamado comúnmente “maíz morado” es una gramínea que contiene una gran cantidad de compuestos fenólicos como flavonoides y antocianinas. La actividad antiinflamatoria del extracto etanólico de Zea mays L. fue demostrada por su acción protectora frente a la hemólisis. La actividad antioxidante, fue demostrada por la capacidad de disminución de los marcadores del estrés oxidativo, óxido nítrico y malondialdehido. Los resultados sugieren que Zea mays L., debido a su actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante, está muy relacionado con la actividad neuroprotectora. Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Parkinson, neuroprotección, estrés oxidativo, neuroinflamación, actividad antiinflamatoria, actividad antioxidante, Zea mays L.--- Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder for which no therapy has been prove to be neuroprotective. Oxidative stress and neuroinflamation play an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Zea mays L., commonly called as “maíz morado” is a graminacea that contains a high amount of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. The antioxidant activity of Zea mays L. was demonstrated by its ability to reduce the oxidative stress marquers, nitric oxid and malondialdehyde. These results suggest that Zea mays L., it’s much related to a neuroprotective activity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Key words: Parkinson’s disease, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, neuroinflamation, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, Zea mays L.
Tesis
47
Salomão, Sandra Cristina. "Medida da resistência das vias aéreas pela técnica do interruptor em crianças nascidas prematuramente." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4687.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2011OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the airway resistance by interrupter technique (Rint) in preschool children born prematurely. STUDY DESIGN : Cross-sectional study of cohort premature infants born between (2004-2005). Data collection was conducted from November 2008 and May 2010. Anthropometric measurements were performed on the test day. The Rint was measured with the device Microrint® using filter. Calibration was performed every 50 trials. Were carried out 10 interruptions to the flow air in the peak expiratory flow sequentially. At the end of the test were stored ten consecutive respiratory cycles and to check the acceptability of the examination format of the curves and the VC for reproducibility £ 20%. We used the median value of Rint. RESULTS : The Rint was measured in 33 (89%) preterm infants and compared with a control group of 32 children. The premature group had higher Rint (0. 91 kPa/L/s) versus the control group (0. 80 kPa/L/s) but not statistically significant (p= 0,832).CONCLUSION : The Rint is easily reproducible in preschool children, but a tool is not sensitive enough to identify obstruction in patients with a history of prematurity in relation to the group of healthy children.
OBJETIVO : Avaliar a resistência das vias aéreas pela técnica do interruptor (Rint) em crianças pré-escolares nascidas prematuramente. METODOLOGIA : Estudo transversal de uma coorte de prematuros nascidos entre 2004-2005 no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. A coleta foi realizada entre novembro de 2008 até maio de 2010. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas no dia do teste. A Rint foi mensurada com o aparelho MicroRint®, com uso do filtro. A calibração foi executada a cada 50 medidas. Foram realizadas dez interrupções ao fluxo de ar no pico de fluxo da expiração de forma seqüencial. No final do teste eram armazenados dez ciclos respiratórios consecutivos. Para a aceitabilidade do exame verificamos o formato das curvas e para a reprodutibilidade o CV £ 20%. Foi utilizado o valor da mediana da Rint. RESULTADOS : A Rint foi mensurada em 33 (89%) crianças prematuras e comparada com um grupo controle de 32 crianças. O grupo de prematuros apresentou Rint elevada (0,91 kPa/L/s) contra o grupo controle (0,80 kPa/L/s), porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p= 0,832).CONCLUSÃO : A Rint é facilmente reprodutível em crianças com idade préescolar, porém não é uma ferramenta sensível o suficiente para identificar obstrução em pacientes com história de prematuridade em relação ao grupo de crianças saudáveis.
48
Silveira, Patrícia Pelufo. "Efeitos do estresse neonatal sobre o comportamento alimentar na vida adulta em ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4687.
Abstract:
O estresse neonatal leva a alterações comportamentais e neuroquímicas na vida adulta, como menor reatividade ao estresse e aumento da expressão de receptores glicocorticóides no hipocampo. Entretanto, o efeito do estresse neonatal no comportamento alimentar foi pouco estudado. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento alimentar de ratos submetidos à separação materna no período neonatal, e verificar se havia alteração no estado emocional destes animais que pudesse ser correlacionada com a ingestão de alimentos palatáveis. Ninhadas foram divididas em grupos de ratos intactos, separados da mãe (incubadora a 37°C, 10 min/dia) e com estimulação tátil (estímulo pela mão do experimentador, de forma ântero-posterior no dorso, 10 min/dia), durante os dias 1 a 10 pós-natal, tendo seu comportamento analisado na vida adulta. Ratos que sofreram estresse neonatal (separação materna ou estímulo tátil) apresentam maior consumo de alimentos palatáveis como o doce e o salgado na vida adulta, sem alteração na ingestão de ração padrão ou no consumo de soluções doces e salgadas. Este efeito é persistente até idades mais avançadas. Além disso, estes animais não apresentam alterações em testes comportamentais para verificar ansiedade como o labirinto em cruz elevada, claro-escuro e campo aberto. Da mesma forma, o aumento do consumo de doce não é revertido por diazepam antes do teste. Logo, o estresse neonatal modifica o padrão de preferência alimentar de ratos na vida adulta, e este comportamento não parece ser relacionado a um estado de ansiedade alterado nestes animais. É possível que outros mecanismos de saciedade e recompensa estejam envolvidos.
49
Collier, Debbie. "Agriculture, modern biotechnology and the law: An examination of the property paradigm in the context of plant genetic resources." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4687.
Abstract:
Commercial interest and technological advancements (such as modern biotechnology) in plant research have led to the affirmation of sovereign and proprietary rights over plant genetic resources (PGRs). The result is an increasingly complex national regulatory system for rights in PGRs, shaped by a dense web of international law instruments regulating trade, intellectual property, food and agriculture, environmental, and human rights law. The narrative of the international trade and intellectual property instruments, buttressed by the liberal rhetoric of property, is one of long-term, sustainable, economic and social development, although the strength of this argument is increasingly challenged. This thesis adds to the body of critical literature by exploring the socio-economic impact of the current regulatory regime on a vulnerable farming community growing genetically modified cotton in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The thesis questions whether greater limitations on proprietary rights in modern biotechnology would improve matters. The outcome of the study (completed in 2009) of these vulnerable cotton farmers implicates the IP-protected technology in the destruction of many livelihoods and in the stifling of technology transfer to aid local innovation. The thesis acknowledges the negative role played by other external factors, such as low rain fall, but suggests that some seemingly external factors, such as poor agricultural policy, and falling world prices for cotton, are consequences of the prevailing regime. The thesis proposes that this regime overly prioritises private rights at too high a social cost. In order to rein in these rights the thesis argues, through the lens of the South African Constitution, for law and policy reform. On a theoretical level, the property concept, including the notion of excludability, the idea of common and public property, sovereign rights, and the public trust doctrine are explored as mechanisms within the property paradigm to aid the case for limiting proprietary rights.
50
Gomes, Sílvia Margarida Neves Carvalho. "Diversidade linguística no 1º ciclo do ensino básico: concepções dos professores." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4687.
Abstract:
Mestrado em Gestão CurricularO presente estudo resulta de um projecto em Gestão Curricular cuja finalidade foi compreender as concepções dos professores acerca da integração curricular da diversidade linguística no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Tendo em conta a actual política educativa europeia para o ensino/aprendizagem das línguas, partimos do pressuposto de que o currículo do Ensino Básico deve privilegiar os valores democráticos, a educação para a cidadania, o respeito pelo Outro e a preservação da diversidade. Deste modo, com o propósito de identificar as concepções dos professores sobre a integração curricular da diversidade linguística e na sequência da realização de duas sessões de mestrado sobre esta temática, realizámos e analisámos duas entrevistas (em dois momentos diferentes do percurso de formação) a três professoras generalistas do 1º CEB. De um modo geral, este estudo de natureza exploratória permitiu-nos compreender que as professoras são capazes, não só de defender, mas também de implementar uma educação mais plural. Constatámos igualmente que estão conscientes da urgência em criar e mobilizar programas de formação mais ambiciosos que possam levar à motivação e à preparação dos professores para educar para a valorização da diversidade linguística.
This study is the result of a project on Curricular Management. It is our intention to become aware of teachers’ representations about curricular integration of linguistic diversity in primary schools. Considering today’s European educative policy for language teaching and learning, we assume that the curriculum in Basic Schools should privilege democratic values, education for citizenship, respect for the Other as well as preserve diversity. Thus, aiming to identify the teachers’ representations about curricular integration within the linguistic diversity concerning the same topic area, three primary teachers were inquired in two different moments. On the whole, this study allowed us to understand that teachers are capable not only of defending, but also of implementing a more plural education. We also verified that they are aware of the emergency in creating and mobilizing more ambitious training programmes which may lead to motivation and training teachers in order to value the linguistic diversity.
Cette étude est le résultat d'un projet en Gestion Curriculaire/du curriculum, dont le but est la compréhension des images/conceptions des institutrices à propos l’introduction de l’éveil aux langes dans le curriculum de l’enseignement primaire. En prenant compte l’actuelle politique éducative européenne pour l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues, nous croyons que le curriculum du premier cycle de l’enseignement doit privilégier les valeurs de la démocratie, l’éducation à la citoyenneté, le respect envers l’autre et la préservation de la diversité. Ainsi, dans le but d’identifier les images/conceptions des institutrices sur l’éveil aux langues et, après la dynamisation de deux sessions au niveau de maîtrise sur cette thématique, nous avons réalisé et analysé deux entrevues correspondantes à deux moments différents du parcours de formation de trois institutrices. Cette étude exploratoire nous a permit de comprendre que les institutrices sont capables, non seulement de défendre, mais encore de mettre en pratique une éducation plurielle. Les résultats de l’analyse des données recueillies nous montrent aussi que ces institutrices sont conscientes qu’il faut créer et mobiliser des programmes de formation plus ambitieux dans le sens de motiver et préparer les professeurs à une éducation pour la valorisation de la diversité linguistique.
El presente estudio de investigación es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación en Gestión Curricular y su finalidad fue entender las concepciones de los profesores sobre la integración curricular de la diversidad lingüística en la Educación Primaria. Según la actual política educativa europea para el enseño y aprendizaje de las lenguas presuponemos que el currículo de Educación Primaria debe privilegiar los valores democráticos, la educación para la ciudadanía, el respecto por los Otros e la preservación de la diversidad. Así, con la intención de identificar las concepciones de los profesores sobre la integración curricular de la diversidad lingüística y en la secuencia de la realización de dos secciones de maestría sobre este tema, realizamos y analizamos dos entrevistas (en dos momentos diferentes del camino de formación) a tres profesoras de Educación Primaria. De una manera en general, este estudio de origen exploratorio nos permitió comprender que las profesoras son capaces, no sólo de defender, pero también de implementar una educación más plural. Constatamos igualmente que están concientes de la urgencia en crear y movilizar programas de formación más ambiciosos que puedan llevar a la motivación y a la preparación de los profesores para educar para la valorización de la diversidad lingüística.
Questo studio è il risultato di un progetto denominato Gestione Curriculare (o di Curricula), il cui obiettivo era comprendere l'impostazione da parte dei professori sull'introduzione delle differenze linguistiche nei curricula nel primo livello della scuola dell'obbligo (scuole elementari). Tenendo conto delle politiche educative europee nell'ambito dell'apprendimento delle lingue, crediamo che il curriculum nell'insegnamento della scuola dell'obbligo debba privilegiare i valori della democrazia, dell'educazione civica, il rispetto verso l'altro e la conservazione delle diversità. In questo modo, con il proposito di identificare i pareri dei professori sull'argomento dell'integrazione curriculare della diversità linguistica e attraverso la sensibilizzazione, di due sessioni di esami di maturità, su questa tematica, abbiamo analizzato e realizzato due interviste (in due momenti diversi del percorso formativo) a tre insegnanti del primo livello della scuola dell'obbligo. In termini generali questo studio esplorativo ha permesso di comprendere come gli insegnanti siano capaci, non solo di difendere, ma anche di implementare una educazione plurima. I risultati dell'analisi dei dati raccolti ci mostrano anche che il corpo docente è cosciente della necessità di creare e lavorare su programmi di formazione più ambiziosi, che motivino e preparino i professori per educare alla valorizzazione delle diversità linguistiche.
Die vorlegende Studie ist das Ergebnis eines Forschungsprojekts im Rahmen des Curriculum Management dessen Ziel es war, die Konzeptionen der Grundschullehrer in Bezug auf die Sprachenvielfalt zu analysieren. Basierend auf der momentanen Europäischen Erziehungs- und speziell Sprachenpolitik, gehen wir davon aus, dass die Grundschule demokratische Werte, den Respekt zum Fremden und die Bewahrung der Vielfalt privilegiert. Auf diese Weise, und mit dem Ziel, die Einstellungen der Lehrer im Hinblick auf die curriculare Integration der Sprachenvielfalt festzustellen, haben wir, in zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten, Interviews mit drei Grundschullehrerinnen durchgeführt und anschließend analysiert. Zusammenfassend, ermöglichte uns dieses Forschungsprojekt festzustellen, dass diese Lehrerinnen fähig sind, eine sprachenvielfältige Erziehung nicht nur zu verteidigen, sondern auch zu implementieren. Außerdem konnnte konstatiert werden, dass die befragten Lehrerinnen ein Bewusstsein widerspiegeln - ein Bewusstsein über die Notwendigkeit von Fortbildungsprogrammen, die Grundschullehrer zu einer sprachvielfältigen Erziehung motivieren und vorbereiten.
يدخل هذا البحث في إطار تسيير البرنامج التربوي الذي يهدف إلى فهم نظريات المعلمين عندما يتعلق الأمر بالإدماج التعدد اللغوي في التعليم الابتدائي اعتمدنا على الرأي الذي ينص بأن على البرامج التربوية تفضيل القيم الديمقراطية و التربية الوطنية و احترام الآخر و تأييد التعددية. و في هذا الصدد، و بهدف تعريف بالنظريات و بعد دراسة هذه المادة في دروس الماجستير، أجرينا مقابلتين لثلاث معلمات في التعليم الابتدائي (خلال مرحلتين مختلفين من التكوين) و قمنا بتحليلها تحليلا دقيقا. و بصفة عامة، يعتبر هذا البحث من النوع التطبيقي حيث مكننا من فهم بأن المعلمات بإمكانهن ليس فقط الدفاع عن التعددية اللغات بل إدماجها في البرامج التربوية. ولاحظنا أيضا بأنهن واعيات بأهمية تنشيط البرامج التي تجلب أنظار التلاميذ و أيضا التي من شأنها تكوين المدرسين بصفة عامة لإعطاء أهمية آبرى للتعدد اللغوي.