Academic literature on the topic '450-1100 History and criticism'
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Journal articles on the topic "450-1100 History and criticism"
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Reiner, Avraham (Rami). "Textual Variants and Textual Criticism in the Works of Rabbenu Tam: Between Theory and Practice." AJS Review 44, no. 1 (April 2020): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009419000928.
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Rabbi Jacob ben Meir, better known as Rabbenu Tam (1100–1171), is famous for his radical interpretations of the Talmud and his influence in matters of Halakhah. Less well known is his abiding interest in the textual transmission of the Talmud and its manuscripts. Rabbenu Tam was well aware of the redactional layers within the Talmud, and in many instances, claimed that certain sentences were a later addition to the Talmud inserted by students and copyists over the generations. As a result, Rabbenu Tam did not hesitate to challenge the binding legal authority of those accretions. The introduction to Rabbenu Tam's Sefer ha-yashar argues that the received text of the Babylonian Talmud was corrupt and that the text had been influenced by glosses suggested by Rashi and other sages. In his opinion, textual corrections ought to be raised in the context of commentaries and not inserted within the Talmud itself. This article will describe the relationship between the principles proposed in the introduction to Sefer ha-yashar and Rabbenu Tam's actual engagement with the talmudic text in his exegesis.
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Bloemendal, Jan. "Scriptural Authority and Biblical Criticism in the Dutch Golden Age: God's Word Questioned. Dirk van Miert, Henk Nellen, Piet Steenbakkers, and Jetze Touber, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. xvi + 450 pp. $110." Renaissance Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2019): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2018.77.
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Khattab, Emran R. Al. "Vowel Harmony: An Historical Account." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.1p.106.
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All languages change over time. English has undergone continuous change throughout its three major periods: Old English (roughly from 450 to 1100 AD), Middle English (from 1100 to 1500), and Modern English (from 1500 to the present). Sound is one of the most easily influenced parts of language to be subject to different changes. Sound change is inevitable and it is a live indication of the continuous growth of language. The evidence to prove the regularity and systematicity of sound change has been the main concern of linguists, This paper seeks to provide more evidence on how vowel harmony played a key role on the regularity of sound change by extracting samples of sound changes that have taken place throughout the English history.
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Gustafsson, Jessica. "Community radio and peace-building in Kenya." Journal of Alternative & Community Media 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00022_1.
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In December 2007, violence broke out after the disputed general election in Kenya, which resulted in the death of 1100 Kenyans and left more than 660,000 displaced. Reports criticised media, especially vernacular media, for inflating the violence by using hate speech and incitement to violence, and suggested that Kenya would benefit from more community media to prevent history from repeating itself. This article focuses on how Koch FM and Pamoja FM, two community radio stations in Nairobi, Kenya, worked during the 200708 tumult and 2013 general election. The article is based on observations and interviews with community radio practitioners conducted between 2007 and 2013, and addresses the following questions: How do the community radio stations work during elections times of increased tensions? How do they discourage ethnic violence in their community? How is participation used in order to bring unity to the community?
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Matsumoto, Yuichi, Jason Nesbitt, Michael D. Glascock, Yuri I. Cavero Palomino, and Richard L. Burger. "INTERREGIONAL OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE DURING THE LATE INITIAL PERIOD AND EARLY HORIZON: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM CAMPANAYUQ RUMI, PERU." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.64.
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Campanayuq Rumi is a large civic-ceremonial center located in the south-central highlands of Peru. Founded in the late Initial Period (1100–800 BC), Campanayuq Rumi became an important center within the Chavín Interaction Sphere in the Early Horizon (ca. 800–400 BC). In particular, Campanayuq Rumi is significant because of its geographical proximity to Quispisisa, the most important and widely circulated obsidian source during the Early Horizon. Portable X-ray florescence (pXRF) was used to geochemically source a sample of 370 obsidian artifacts from Campanayuq Rumi. Though obsidian from Quispisisa dominates the assemblage throughout the site's history, diachronic analysis indicates that the diversity of obsidian sources increases markedly in the Campanayuq II Phase (700–450 BC). The pXRF data lead us to conclude that Campanayuq Rumi was the locus of obsidian distribution to other locations in highland and coastal Peru within the Chavín Interaction Sphere, and functioned as a regional center of worship and interaction.
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Madhavan, Anugraha, and Sharmila Narayana. "Violation of Land as Violation of Feminine Space: An Ecofeminist Reading of Mother Forest and Mayilamma." Tattva Journal of Philosophy 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.24.2.
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Agarwal, B. (1992). The gender and environment debate: Lessons from India. Feminist Studies, 18(1), 119-158. https:// doi.org/ 10.2307/ 3178217.
Althuser, L. (1971). Ideology and ideological state apparatuses
(Notes toward an investigation). Lenin and philosophy, and other essays (B.Brewster, Trans.). Monthly Review Press, 1971.
Basha, C. (2017). Tribal land alienation: A sociological analysis. International Journal of Advanced Educational Research, 2(3), 78–81. http:// www.educationjournal.org/archives/2017/vol2/issue3.
Berman, T. (1993). Towards an integrative ecofeminist praxis. Canadian Women Studies, 13(3), 15–17. cws.journals.yorku.ca/ index.php/ cws/ article/ viewFile/10402/949.
Béteille, A. (1986). The concept of tribe with special reference to India. European Journal of Sociology, 27(2), 296–318. https:// doi.org/ 10.1017/S000397560000463X
Bhaskaran. (2004). Mother forest: The unfinished story of C K Janu (N Ravi Shankar, Trans). Kali for Women.
Bijoy, C R. (2001). The Adivasis of India – A history of discrimination, conflict and resistance. Indigenous Affairs, Jan, 54-61. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/295315229.
Bose, N. K. (1971). Tribal life in India. National Book Trust.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. Feminist Legal Theory, 1, 139–167. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429500480-5.
Crenshaw, K. (2017). Kimberlé Crenshaw on intersectionality, More than two decades later. Columbia Law School. www.law.columbia.edu/pt-br/news/2017/06/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality.
Das, V. (2011). Orissa: Mining bauxite, maiming people. Economic & Political Weekly, 38(28). https://www.epw.in/journal/2001/28/commentary/orissa-mining-bauxite-maiming-people.html.
Devika, J. (2010). Caregiver vs. citizen? Reflections on ecofeminism from Kerala state, India. Man in India, 89(4), 751–769. http:// www.academia.edu/
Habermas, J. (1974). The public sphere: An encyclopedia article (1964). New German Critique, 3, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809195-3.
Lewis, D. R. (1995). Native Americans and the environment: A survey of twentieth-century issues. American Indian Quarterly, 19(3), 423-450. https://doi.org/10.2307/1185599.
Limpangog, C P. (2016) Matrix of domination. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 1–3. https:// doi.org/10.2307/3178217.
Mahtab, M. (2018) When the Santhals rebelled. The Daily Star. Retrieved November 25, 2019, from https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/when-the-santhals-rebelled-1245196.
Merchant, C. (1999). Ecofeminism and feminist theory. Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism, 100-105. Sierra Club Books.
Merchant, C. (2014). Earthcare: Women and the environment. Routledge.
Oberhauser, A. M., Fluri, J. L., Whitson, R. & Mollet, S. (2018). Feminist spaces: Gender and geography in a global context. Routledge.
Ortner, S. (1974). Is female to male as nature is to culture? Woman, Culture, and Society (Michelle Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, Eds). Stanford University Press.
Oskarsson, P. (2018). Adivasi land rights and dispossession. Landlock: Paralysing Dispute over Minerals on Adivasi Land in India, 14, 29–50. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv75d8rq.8.
Pariyadath, J. (2018). Mayilamma: The life of a tribal eco-warrior. (Swarnalatha Rangarajan and Sreejith Varma, Trans). Orient BlackSwan.
Pedersen, K. (1998). Environmentalism in interreligious perspective. Explorations in global ethics. (Sumner Twiss and Bruce Grelle, Eds.). Westview Press.
Pulido, L. (1996). Environmentalism and economic justice: Two Chicano struggles in the Southwest. University of Arizona Press.
Rangarajan, S, and Varma, S R. (2018). Introduction. Mayilamma: The life of a tribal eco-warrior (pp. xxi-xxxix). Orient BlackSwan.
Ranjan, R. (2018). Birsa Munda and his struggle in colonial India. Talking Humanities. Retrieved on November 26, 2019, from https://talkinghumanities.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2018/02/13/birsa-munda-and-his-struggle-in-colonial-india/.
Shankar, R. (2004). Translator’s note. Mother Forest: The unfinished story of C K Janu (pp. ix-xii). Kali for Women.
Showalter, E. (1981). Feminist criticism in the wilderness. Critical Inquiry, 8(2), 179-205. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343159.
Varma, S. R., & Rangarajan, S. (2018). The politics of land, water and toxins: Reading the life-narratives of three women oikos-carers from Kerala. In D. A. Vakoch & S. Mickey (Eds.) Women and nature?: Beyond dualism in gender, body, and environment (pp. 167–184). Routledge.
Vickery, A. (1993). Golden age to separate spheres? A review of the categories and chronology of English women’s history. The Historical Journal, 36(2), 383–414. www.jstor.org/stable/2639654.
Warren, K. J. (2000). Ecofeminist philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. Oxford University Press.
Xaxa, V. (1999). Transformation of tribes in India: Terms of discourse. Economic and Political Weekly, 34(24), 1519–1524. https:// www.jstor.org/stable/4408077.
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Pears, Ben, Antony G. Brown, Phillip S. Toms, Jamie Wood, David Sanderson, and Richard Jones. "A sub-centennial-scale optically stimulated luminescence chronostratigraphy and late Holocene flood history from a temperate river confluence." Geology 48, no. 8 (May 18, 2020): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47079.1.
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Abstract River confluences can be metastable and contain valuable geological records of catchment response to decadal- to millennial-scale environmental change. However, in alluvial reaches, flood stratigraphies are particularly hard to date using 14C. In this paper, we use a novel combination of optically stimulated luminescence and multiproxy sedimentological analyses to provide a flood record for the confluence of the Rivers Severn and Teme (United Kingdom) over the past two millennia, which we compare with independent European climate records. The results show that by ca. 2000 yr B.P., the Severn-Teme confluence had stabilized and overbank alluviation had commenced. Initially, this occurred from moderately high flood magnitudes between ca. 2000 and 1800 yr B.P. (50 BCE–150 CE), but was followed from 1800 to 1600 yr B.P. (150–350 CE) by fine alluvial deposition and decreased flood intensity. From 1600 to 1400 yr B.P. (350–550 CE), the accumulation rate increased, with evidence of large flood events associated with the climatic deterioration of the Dark Age Cold Period. Following a period of reduced flood activity after ca. 1400 yr B.P. (ca. 550 CE), larger flood events and increase in accumulation rate once again became more prevalent from ca. 850 yr B.P. (ca. 1100 CE), coincident with the start of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, a period associated with warmer, wetter conditions and increased land-use intensity. This state persisted until ca. 450 yr B.P. (ca. 1500 CE), after which increased flood magnitudes can be associated with climatic variations during the Little Ice Age. We demonstrate that from the combination of high-resolution dating techniques and multiple analytical parameters, distinctive phases of relative flood magnitude versus flood duration can be determined to a detailed chronological precision beyond that possible from 14C dating. This permits the identification of the regional factors behind floodplain sedimentation, which we correlate with the intensification of land-use and climatic drivers over the last two millennia.
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Law, Jeanna Wallenta, Danny Idyro, Andrew Schrag, Frank Wolf, and Thomas D. Brown. "Abstract 445: Natural history of coagulopathy in patients with cancer infected with COVID19: A real-world data (RWD) analysis." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-445.
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Abstract Background and Objective: Studies of hospitalized patients (pts) with COVID19 indicate that arterial or venous thrombotic complications occur in up to half of pts. Risk of these severe complications in pts with cancer is unknown. We estimated the incidence of arterial thrombosis (AT) and venous thromboembolism (VT) using RWD from pts with active or history of cancer with COVID19. Methods: Adult pts with cancer receiving treatment in community health systems, with COVID19 identified via ICD code or lab confirmation in 2020, were reviewed for incident AT and VT in a 90 day window following COVID19 diagnosis (index). AT was acute myocardial infarction (MI) or acute ischemic or embolic stroke (S). VT was acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Medication use (anticoagulant, antiplatelet, statin) and comorbidities were assessed 6 months and 1 year prior to index, respectively. Results: Median age of 7,591 pts with cancer and COVID19 was 67 years and median follow up was 90 days. 32% of pts were hospitalized within 14 days, 2% received ventilator support, 6% had cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1% had prior VT. Absolute risk of VT was significantly higher than AT (3% vs. 2%, chi square p= < 0.001), with 161 pts experiencing AT [81 (1%) MI; 80 (1%) S] and 240 pts experiencing VT [99 (1%) DVT; 158 (2%) PE]. This trend held across most subgroups (Table 1). The incidence rate per person-year was 0.094 for AT (0.047 MI, 0.046 S) and 0.141 for VT (0.058 DVT, 0.092 PE). CoxPH models did not show age, sex, comorbidities or medication use as significantly associated with higher probability of AT or VT. Conclusions: RWD showed pts with cancer and COVID19 were at higher risk for VT than AT. Pts who received ventilator support, or had prior VT or prior CVD had highest risk for these events. Severity of these outcomes emphasizes the need for risk reducing interventions. Acknowledgement of Reagan-Udall Foundation and Friends of Cancer Research COVID19 Evidence Accelerator. Table 1. Incidence of arterial and venous events stratified by baseline characteristics at COVID-19 diagnosis among n= 7,591 patients with cancer and infected with COVID19 Absolute Risk, N(%) Incidence Rate Total, N Arterial thrombosis Venous thromboembolism Chi square p-value Arterial thrombosis Venous thromboembolism p-value All 7,591 160 (2.1) 240 (3.2) <0.001 0.0935 0.1414 <0.001 Age 18-44 669 10 (1.5) 10 (1.5) 0.008 0.012 0.061 0.020 45-54 922 4 (0.4) 18 (2) 0.018 0.08 0.003 55-64 1751 26 (1.5) 54 (3.1) 0.062 0.129 0.001 65-74 2054 49 (2.4) 78 (3.8) 0.104 0.165 0.008 75-84 1506 55 (3.7) 60 (4) 0.169 0.184 0.557 85+ 689 24 (3.5) 20 (2.9) 0.18 0.15 0.542 Sex Female 4142 75 (1.8) 126 (3) 0.338 0.078 0.131 0.000 Male 3449 85 (2.5) 114 (3.3) 0.11 0.148 0.030 Race Black 1437 31 (2.2) 61 (4.2) 0.215 0.095 0.187 0.001 White 5054 113 (2.2) 157 (3.1) 0.098 0.137 0.003 Other/Unknown 1100 16 (1.5) 22 (2) 0.061 0.084 0.724 Severity of infection at diagnosis Not hospitalized 5815 78 (1.3) 141 (2.4) 0.0676 0.06 0.105 <0.001 Hospitalized, no ventilator support 1710 76 (4.4) 92 (5.4) 0.21 0.261 0.143 Hospitalized with ventilator support 106 6 (9.1) 7 (10.6) 0.326 0.326 0.965 Existing Cardiovascular disease Yes 467 94 (20.2) 23 (4.9) <0.001 0.105 0.06 <0.001 No 7124 66 (0.9) 217 (3) 0.21 0.261 <0.001 And baseline anticoagulant use 122 27 (22.1) 9 (7.4) <0.001 0.326 0.326 0.602 And no baseline anticoagulant use 7469 67 (19.5) 14 (4.1) 0.088 0.054 <0.001 Previous Venous thromboembolism Yes 312 12 (3.8) 64 (20.5) <0.001 0.184 0.981 <0.001 No 7279 148 (2.0) 176 (2.3) 0.089 0.105 0.542 And baseline anticoagulant use 121 9 (4.7) 22 (11.6) 0.273 0.397 0.969 <0.001 And no baseline anticoagulant use 7470 3 (1.6) 42 (22.1) 0.088 0.127 0.003 Existing Thrombocytosis (via ICD or platelet count >450 x 10^9/L) Yes 185 5 (2.7) 7 (3.8) 1 0.123 0.172 0.087 No 7406 155 (2.1) 233 (3.1) 0.091 0.137 <0.001 Citation Format: Jeanna Wallenta Law, Danny Idyro, Andrew Schrag, Frank Wolf, Thomas D. Brown. Natural history of coagulopathy in patients with cancer infected with COVID19: A real-world data (RWD) analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 445.
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Motta, Irene, Mirella Filocamo, Marina Stroppiano, Erika Poggiali, Alfredo Dragani, and Maria Domenica. "A Multicenter Observational Study For Early Diagnosis Of Gaucher Disease In Patients With Splenomegaly and/Or Thrombocytopenia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4712.4712.
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Background Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of beta-glucosidase and accumulation of glucocerebroside in the reticuloendothelial cells. Prevalence of GD is elevated in Ashkenazi Jewish population (1/450-1/1000), and rare in the non-Ashkenazi (1/40000-1/60000). GD is a multisystemic disease; cytopenias and splenomegaly are frequently the presenting symptoms leading to hematological evaluation. Data from the Gaucher Registry 2008 show that splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia are present at diagnosis in more than 5000 patients (respectively 86% and 60%). Because of the non-specific presenting symptoms, diagnostic delays are frequent, leading to severe complications, including hematological malignancies. Enzyme replacement therapy is available and effective in reversing or preventing many manifestations (Weinreb 2002). A global survey among 406 Hematology-Oncology specialists demonstrated that only 20% consider GD in the differential diagnosis of cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone pain (Mistry 2007). It is clear that a different approach based on a specific diagnostic algorithm is necessary to avoid under-diagnosis (Mistry 2010). Aims The aim of this multicenter observational study is to evaluate the prevalence of GD in a selected population presenting to hematological clinic with at least one of the including criteria: 1) splenomegaly, or 2) thrombocytopenia associated to at least one of the following signs: anemia (Hb<11 g/dl in women, and Hb<12 g/dl in men), MGUS, policlonal gammopathy in patient younger than 30 yrs, splenectomy or history of bone pain. Exclusion criteria are: a) portal hypertension in chronic liver disease, b) hematological malignancy, c) hemoglobinopathies or other hemolitic anemias. Methods Thirty-five Italian Hematologic Centers participate in this study. According to a preliminary survey, among all the first hematological evaluations per year (mean of 1100 evaluations per center), the 18% (198) was positive for splenomegaly and/or thrombocytopenia; among them the 11% (21.7) did not receive a diagnosis. Based on these results, 762 (35 x 21.7) patients were expected to be tested every year. Patients fulfilling including criteria who have given their informed consent were recruited into the study and tested for beta-glucosidase enzyme activity on Dried Blood Spot (DBS). DBS-based approach, set up by Olivova et al. (Olivova 2008), was firstly validated by conventional enzymatic testing on 25 GD patients’ and 25 (out of 250) controls’ samples. All the analysis are centralized and performed at Gaslini Institute, Genoa. Results showing decreased or borderline beta-glucosidase activity (cut off=12.42±8.2 pmol punch-1 h-1) require conventional diagnostic approaches which include enzymatic genetic testing in the leukocytes from fresh blood and cell lines (Epstein-Barr virus–transformed lymphoblasts from blood or fibroblasts from skin biopsy), and in the case of diagnosis confirmation, the molecular genetic analysis. The expected duration of the study was 24 months, starting from September 2010, subsequently extended up to the enrolment of 500 patients (recruitment still active at present). Data are collected and analyzed at Rare Disease Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan. We compared clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters between patients affected and unaffected by GD with Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test. Results Starting from September 2010, 180 patients (55 females, 125 males) have been enrolled. The mean age of patients was 49.2±18.1 yrs; all the patients are non-Ashkenazi. The inclusion criteria were splenomegaly alone in 114 patients, thrombocytopenia alone in 7 patients and both of them in 59 patients. Six (3.4%) patients were diagnosed with GD. The mean age at diagnosis was 32.6±8.6 yrs. Among clinical and laboratory parameters, only mean serum ferritin was significantly increased in patients affected by GD (660±541 ng/ml, range 1457-294) compared to non-GD patients (229±269 ng/ml, range 1500-5, p=0.02). Conclusion The use of a simple diagnostic algorithm helps to identify GD patients presenting to haematologists. These results are clinically relevant because an early diagnosis of GD leads to an appropriate and prompt therapy to prevent the development of complications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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"Medieval Literary Theory and Criticism, c. 1100-c. 1375: The Commentary-Tradition.A. J. Minnis, A. B. Scott, David Wallace." Speculum 66, no. 2 (April 1991): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2864194.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "450-1100 History and criticism"
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Abdalla, Laila. "The dialectical adversary : the satanic character and imagery in Anglo-Saxon poetry." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59563.
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This thesis examines the positive role of evil in select Old English Poetry, namely The Junius Book, "Guthlac", "Vainglory", "The Whale", "Juliana", "Judith" and "Beowulf". Using a background of Augustan and Boethian thought, each adversarial character is discussed with regard to role and imagery, but specifically in relationship to the protagonist. Evil plays a surprisingly positive role when it offers the protagonist the opportunity to defeat it. The protagonists' honour at the poem's conclusion is necessarily defined by the extent of resisting the antagonists. The hero must fight evil on two levels: the temporal in humans and the metaphysical in Satan. The thesis examines the various levels of victory and indeed failure they achieve, and concludes that of all the heroes only Juliana is completely successful. Although evil itself cannot be defined as "good", this thesis discovers that in its relationship with the human hero, it can indeed give rise to goodness.
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Cavell, Megan Colleen. "Representations of weaving and binding in Old English poetry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610453.
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Woeber, Catherine. "A study of Christ and his saints as representatives of the values of Christian heroism in Old English poetry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21143.
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Bibliography: pages 71-72.This dissertation investigates the concept of Christian heroism as it appears in a number of Old English poems, through a study of the figure of the miles Christi. These poems present a specific Christian heroism which, though couched in terms culled from Germanic heroism, nevertheless exists in its own right and is quite different from it. Christ and his saints are seen as heroes in themselves (Christian servants obedient to the will of God) rather than as heroic warriors as they are usually regarded (Germanic heroes fighting for a Christian cause). They are leaders and heroes in the sense of servants, and not only like kings and warriors of the Germanic code. A study of some poems from the Cynewulf canon shows that the poets understood Christian heroism to mean more than brave battling for the cause of good; in essence, it is complete submission to the will of God.
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Bailey, Hannah McKendrick. "Misinterpretation and the meaning of signs in Old English poetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:880a2482-9573-4142-be27-ec8c87cfa3fb.
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This thesis investigates how Old English poets understood the processes of signification and interpretation through analysis of depictions of poor interpreters and the use of 'sign terms' such as tacen and beacen in the longer Old English poems. The first chapter deals with the Beowulf Manuscript, the second and third chapters consider Elene and Andreas within the network of related poems found in the Vercelli Book and the begin- ning of the Exeter Book, the fourth chapter is on the Junius Manuscript, and the conclusion looks at the use of the 'bright sign' motif across all four major poetic codices. I suggest that there is a 'heroic sign-bearing interpreter' character-type which several of the poems utilize or ironically invert, and that poor interpretation is nearly always asso- ciated with hesitation, which often resembles acedia. I also argue that there is greater nuance in the poems' depictions of modes of understanding than has previously been acknowledged: Eve in Genesis B does not stand for the senses which subvert the mind, but rather models the limits of rational thought as a means of understanding God, and Elene does not depict a simple opposition of letter and spirit, but a threefold mental pro- cess of learning about the Cross with analogues in exegesis and Augustine's Trinity of the Soul. Finally, I argue that there is a 'bright sign' motif which functions within a brightness-sign-covenant concept cluster, whose evocation as a traditional poetic unit is not identical to the denotation and connotation of its constituent parts. These strands of inquiry taken together demonstrate how Old English poems invest signs with significance by tapping into a specifically poetic network of allusion.
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Brooks, Britton. "The restoration of Creation in the early Anglo-Saxon vitae of Cuthbert and Guthlac." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:17b5d20e-446e-4891-90a6-f02a196a7409.
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This thesis explores the relationship between Creation and the saints Cuthbert and Guthlac in their Anglo-Latin and Old English vitae. It argues that this relationship is best understood through received theological exegesis concerning Creation's present state in the postlapsarian world. The exegesis has its foundation in Augustine's interpretations of the Genesis narrative, though it enters the textual tradition of the vitae via an adapted portion of De Genesi contra Manichaeos in Bede's metrical Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCM). Both Augustine and Bede argue, with slight differences, that fallen Creation can be restored into prelapsarian harmony with humanity by way of sanctity. Each individual vita engages with this understanding of the Fall in distinct, though ultimately interrelated, ways, and the chapters of this thesis will therefore explore each text individually. Chapter 1 argues that the anonymous Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCA) unites Cuthbert's ability to restore Creation with the theme of monastic obedience, linking the ordering of a monastery to the restoration of prelapsarian harmony. The VCA also seeks to create sites for potential lay pilgrimage in the landscapes of Farne and Lindisfarne by highlighting the present efficacy of Cuthbert's miracles. Chapter 2 argues that Bede's VCM not only reveals his early attempt to fashion Cuthbert into the primary saint for Britain, via a focus on Cuthbert's obedience to the Divine Office, but also that the restoration of Creation functions as a ruminative tool. Chapter 3 argues that Bede transforms the nature of Cuthbert's sanctity in his prose Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCP) from static to developmental, influenced by the Evagrian Vita Antonii, and that Creation is adapted to function as the impetus for, and evidence of, Cuthbert's progression. Chapter 4 argues that Felix's Vita Sancti Guthlaci (VSG) unites the development of Guthlac with a physically delineated Creation, and that the restoration of Creation is elevated to an even greater degree here than in Bede's hagiography. Chapter 5 argues that the author of the Old English Prose Guthlac (OEPG) grounds his vita by utilizing a landscape lexis shared with contemporary boundary clauses, so that here the relationship between the saint and Creation has greater force; it further argues that Guthlac A uniquely connects Guthlac with the doctrine of replacement, consolidating links between his arrival to the eremitic space and the restoration of prelapsarian Eden.
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Machado-Matheson, Anna-Maria. "Madness as penance in medieval Gaelic sources : a study of biblical and hagiographical influences on the depiction of Suibne, Lailoken and Mór of Munster." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609646.
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Nelson, Nancy Susan. "Heroism and Failure in Anglo-Saxon Poetry: the Ideal and the Real within the Comitatus." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332044/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation discusses the complicated relationship (known as the comitatus) of kings and followers as presented in the heroic poetry of the Anglo-Saxons. The anonymous poets of the age celebrated the ideals of their culture but consistently portrayed the real behavior of the characters within their works. Other studies have examined the ideals of the comitatus in general terms while referring to the poetry as a body of work, or they have discussed them in particular terms while referring to one or two poems in detail. This study is both broader and deeper in scope than are the earlier works. In a number of poems I have identified the heroic ideals and examined the poetic treatment of those ideals. In order to establish the necessary background, Chapter I reviews the historical sources, such as Tacitus, Bede, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the work of modern historians. Chapter II discusses such attributes of the king as wisdom, courage, and generosity. Chapter III examines the role of aristocratic women within the society. Chapter IV describes the proper behavior of followers, primarily their loyalty in return for treasures earlier bestowed. Chapter V discusses perversions and failures of the ideal. The dissertation concludes that, contrary to the view that Anglo-Saxon literature idealized the culture, the poets presented a reasonably realistic picture of their age. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry celebrates ideals of behavior which, even when they can be attained, are not successful in the real world of political life.
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Flight, Tim. "Apophasis, contemplation, and the kenotic moment in Anglo-Saxon literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:16f34b87-8c3a-4fe1-9dbb-d8c6e3545bd8.
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This thesis reveals the considerable influence of contemplation (sometimes referred to as mysticism) on Anglo-Saxon literature, manifested through the arrangement of narratives according to the theological concepts of apophasis and kenosis. This is demonstrated through a lengthy contextual discussion of the place of contemplation in Anglo-Saxon spirituality, and close analysis of four poems and a prose text. Although English mysticism is commonly thought to start in the High Middle Ages, this thesis will suggest that this terminus post quem should instead be resituated to the Anglo-Saxon period. The first chapter seeks to reveal the centrality of contemplation to Anglo-Saxon spirituality through analysing a range of diverse material, to evidence the monastic reader borne from this culture capable of reading and composing the texts that make up the rest of the thesis in the manner suggested. The thesis places chronologically diverse Anglo-Saxon texts in a contemplative context, with close reference to theology, phenomenology, and narrative structure, to suggest that our interpretation of them should be revised to apprehend the contemplative scheme that they advocate: to cleanse the reader of sin through inspiring penitence and kenosis (humility and emptying of one's will) and direct the mind intellectually beyond the words, images and knowledge of the terrestrial sphere (apophasis), so as to prepare them for the potential coming of God's grace in the form of a vision. This reading is supported by the close taxonomical resemblance of each text's narrative structure. The thesis thus suggests that contemplation was central to Anglo-Saxon spirituality, producing an elite contemplative audience for whom certain texts were designed as preparative apparatus.
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Rogers, Janine. "The woman's voice in Middle English love lyrics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69671.
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Courtly love lyrics, like other courtly genres, are dominated by male-voiced texts that privilege male perspectives. In conventional courtly love lyrics, women are silenced and objectified by the male speaker. Still, a handful of women-voiced lyrics--"women's songs"--exist in the courtly love lyrical tradition. This thesis studies women's songs in Middle English and their role in the androcentric courtly love tradition.In the first chapter, I discuss critical perspectives on conventional courtly representations of women. In the second chapter, I locate Middle English women's songs in literary contexts other than courtly love: the Middle English lyrical tradition, the cross-cultural phenomenon of medieval women's songs, and the manuscript contexts of Middle English women's songs. In Chapter Three, I discuss the individual songs themselves and examine the range of perspectives found in woman-voiced lyrics.
My discussion of Middle English women's songs includes texts not previously admitted to the genre. This expanded collection of women's songs creates an alternative courtly discourse privileging female perspectives. Middle English women's songs create a space for women's voices in courtly love.
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Djordjevic, Ivana. "Mapping medieval translation : methodological problems and a case study." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82856.
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The extent to which translation moulded Middle English romance as an emerging genre remains largely unexamined. In this dissertation I identify the principal methodological difficulties that have prevented scholars from giving due attention to this problem, and offer a case study in which I look at how translational procedures shaped the romance of Sir Beves of Hampton, a translation of the Anglo-Norman Boeve de Haumtone .Having outlined the practical difficulties posed by the intricate textual tradition of Boeve and Beves, the multilingualism of medieval England, and the scarcity of concrete evidence regarding the audience for Middle English romance, I focus on methodological issues: the inability of equivalence-based definitions of translation to accommodate medieval translation practice, the futility of attempts to demarcate translation from adaptation, and the difficulty of integrating different textual levels in the study of translations.
In the first two analytical chapters of the dissertation I concentrate on those aspects of Beves that can best highlight the importance of translation processes in the constitution of the genre. I begin by examining the way in which the translator dealt with the most important translational constraints, some of which, like language, were beyond his control, while others, such as versification, were partly self-imposed. I then proceed to study the workings of the so-called laws of translation (explicitation, simplification, and repertorization) in the process whereby Boeve became Beves. The analyses carried out in these two chapters allow me to contest the received opinion according to which the author of Beves treated his original very freely. I show that, on the contrary, the distinctive features of the Middle English text result from a constant productive tension between source and target.
My study ends with an analysis of what happens when the translator's impulse to be faithful to his source is frustrated by the inaccessibility of the socio-historical context of the original. I examine the most closely translated sections of the poem to show how unrecognized topical references are flattened into literary cliches, which bring into the text their own generic connotations and disassemble some of the carefully constructed thematic parallels and analogies of the Anglo-Norman romance.
Books on the topic "450-1100 History and criticism"
1
D, Niles John, ed. Old English literature: A guide to criticism, with selected readings. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
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Boris, Ford, ed. The New Pelican Guide to English Literature: 1. Medieval Literature Part One: Chaucer and the Alliterative Tradition. London: Penguin, 1991.
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The poetics of old English. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010.
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Authors, audiences, and Old English verse. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.
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M, Cain Christopher, and Anderson Rachel S, eds. A history of Old English literature. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003.
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Medieval English Studies Symposium (8th 2009 : Poznaân, Poland), ed. Þe laurer of oure Englische tonge. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Old English reader. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2011.
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Old English literature: A short introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2004.
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Lees, Clare A. Cambridge History of Early Medieval English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2016.
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Lees, Clare A. Cambridge History of Early Medieval English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "450-1100 History and criticism"
1
Brownlee, Kevin, Tony Hunt, Ian Johnson, Nigel F. Palmer, and James Simpson. "Vernacular literary consciousnessc. 1100–c. 1500: French, German and English evidence." In The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism, 422–71. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521300070.017.
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