Relevant bibliographies by topics / 3D thermal surface

Academic literature on the topic '3D thermal surface'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Khodaei, B., F. Samadzadegan, F. Dadras Javan, and H. Hasani. "3D SURFACE GENERATION FROM AERIAL THERMAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-401-2015.

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Aerial thermal imagery has been recently applied to quantitative analysis of several scenes. For the mapping purpose based on aerial thermal imagery, high accuracy photogrammetric process is necessary. However, due to low geometric resolution and low contrast of thermal imaging sensors, there are some challenges in precise 3D measurement of objects. In this paper the potential of thermal video in 3D surface generation is evaluated. In the pre-processing step, thermal camera is geometrically calibrated using a calibration grid based on emissivity differences between the background and the targets. Then, Digital Surface Model (DSM) generation from thermal video imagery is performed in four steps. Initially, frames are extracted from video, then tie points are generated by Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm. Bundle adjustment is then applied and the camera position and orientation parameters are determined. Finally, multi-resolution dense image matching algorithm is used to create 3D point cloud of the scene. Potential of the proposed method is evaluated based on thermal imaging cover an industrial area. The thermal camera has 640×480 Uncooled Focal Plane Array (UFPA) sensor, equipped with a 25 mm lens which mounted in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The obtained results show the comparable accuracy of 3D model generated based on thermal images with respect to DSM generated from visible images, however thermal based DSM is somehow smoother with lower level of texture. Comparing the generated DSM with the 9 measured GCPs in the area shows the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value is smaller than 5 decimetres in both X and Y directions and 1.6 meters for the Z direction.
2

Li, Ya Yun, Jongwon Kim, Yunquan Sun, and Yanhua Yang. "Thermomechanical Analytical 3D Thermal/Stress Estimation Sidewall Grinding Model." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832692.

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A general three-dimensional thermal/stress grinding model, based on thermal and elastic/plastic classical analytical solutions, has been developed in this paper. The thermal model can predict the temperature distribution of surface and cylindrical external/internal creep-feed or conventional grinding for vertical or inclined sidewall surface grinding. This paper deals with a grinding burn problem that is widespread in the aerospace and automotive industries. The thermal model is compared with sidewall surface grinding experiments. The comparison of the temperature distribution results is expected. The general stress model has been developed, which combines both spherical and cylindrical coordinates. In addition, the 3D thermal/stress model is compared with four cases of external cylindrical grinding experiments. The residual stresses agree reasonably.
3

Chen, Yongjun, and Tubing Yin. "Digital Fracture Surface Morphology and Statistical Characteristics of Granite Brazilian Tests after Non-Steady-State Thermal Disturbance." Mathematics 12, no. 5 (February 24, 2024): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12050670.

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With the widespread advent of digital technologies, traditional perspectives in rock mechanics research are poised for further expansion. This paper presents a Brazilian test conducted on granite after non-steady-state thermal disturbance at 25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C, with detailed documentation of the damage process and failure response using an acoustic emission (AE) apparatus and a digital image correlation (DIC) system. Subsequently, utilizing point cloud data captured by a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning system, a digital reconstruction of the failed specimen’s fracture surface was accomplished. The 3D fractal characteristics and roughness response of the digitized fracture surface were studied using the box-counting method and least squares approach. Furthermore, texture information of the digitized fracture surface was calculated using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and statistical characteristics describing the elevation distribution were analyzed. The results elucidate the influence of thermal disturbance temperature on the mechanical parameters of the specimen, acoustic emission behavior, surface strain field evolution, and digital fracture morphology characteristics. The findings indicate a non-linear degradation effect of temperature on the specimen’s tensile strength, with a reduction reaching 80.95% at 600 °C, where acoustic emission activity also peaked. The rising thermal disturbance temperature inhibited the crack initiation load at the specimen’s center but expanded the high-strain concentration areas and the growth rate of horizontal displacement. Additionally, varying degrees of linear or non-linear relationships were discovered between thermal disturbance temperature and the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surface, average roughness (Ra), peak roughness (Rz), and root mean square roughness (Rq), confirming the potential of Rsm in predicting the 3D fractal dimension of Brazilian test fracture surfaces. The study of the GLCM of the digitized 3D fracture surface demonstrated a high dependency of its four second-order statistical measures on thermal disturbance temperature. Finally, the statistical parameters of the fracture surface’s elevation values showed a significant non-linear relationship with thermal disturbance temperature, with a critical temperature point likely existing between 400 and 600 °C that could precipitate a sudden change in the fracture surface’s elevation characteristics.
4

Gutierrez, Evelyn, Benjamín Castañeda, Sylvie Treuillet, and Ivan Hernandez. "Multimodal and Multiview Wound Monitoring with Mobile Devices." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100424.

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Along with geometric and color indicators, thermography is another valuable source of information for wound monitoring. The interaction of geometry with thermography can provide predictive indicators of wound evolution; however, existing processes are focused on the use of high-cost devices with a static configuration, which restricts the scanning of large surfaces. In this study, we propose the use of commercial devices, such as mobile devices and portable thermography, to integrate information from different wavelengths onto the surface of a 3D model. A handheld acquisition is proposed in which color images are used to create a 3D model by using Structure from Motion (SfM), and thermography is incorporated into the 3D surface through a pose estimation refinement based on optimizing the temperature correlation between multiple views. Thermal and color 3D models were successfully created for six patients with multiple views from a low-cost commercial device. The results show the successful application of the proposed methodology where thermal mapping on 3D models is not limited in the scanning area and can provide consistent information between multiple thermal camera views. Further work will focus on studying the quantitative metrics obtained by the multi-view 3D models created with the proposed methodology.
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Grechi, Guglielmo, Matteo Fiorucci, Gian Marco Marmoni, and Salvatore Martino. "3D Thermal Monitoring of Jointed Rock Masses through Infrared Thermography and Photogrammetry." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050957.

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The study of strain effects in thermally-forced rock masses has gathered growing interest from engineering geology researchers in the last decade. In this framework, digital photogrammetry and infrared thermography have become two of the most exploited remote surveying techniques in engineering geology applications because they can provide useful information concerning geomechanical and thermal conditions of these complex natural systems where the mechanical role of joints cannot be neglected. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for generating point clouds of rock masses prone to failure, combining the high geometric accuracy of RGB optical images and the thermal information derived by infrared thermography surveys. Multiple 3D thermal point clouds and a high-resolution RGB point cloud were separately generated and co-registered by acquiring thermograms at different times of the day and in different seasons using commercial software for Structure from Motion and point cloud analysis. Temperature attributes of thermal point clouds were merged with the reference high-resolution optical point cloud to obtain a composite 3D model storing accurate geometric information and multitemporal surface temperature distributions. The quality of merged point clouds was evaluated by comparing temperature distributions derived by 2D thermograms and 3D thermal models, with a view to estimating their accuracy in describing surface thermal fields. Moreover, a preliminary attempt was made to test the feasibility of this approach in investigating the thermal behavior of complex natural systems such as jointed rock masses by analyzing the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of surface temperature ranges under different climatic conditions. The obtained results show that despite the low resolution of the IR sensor, the geometric accuracy and the correspondence between 2D and 3D temperature measurements are high enough to consider 3D thermal point clouds suitable to describe surface temperature distributions and adequate for monitoring purposes of jointed rock mass.
6

Paraschiv, Alexandru, Gheorghe Matache, Cristian Puscasu, and Raluca Condruz. "Non-Contact Roughness Investigation of Ball-Cratered Molybdenum Thermal Spray Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (December 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.9.

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The effects of micro-abrasion wear on the surface roughness of molybdenum coatings deposited by electric arc thermal spray on steel support were investigated. The 2D surface roughness was measured and correlated with the experimental results of the micro-abrasion tests. Different worn surfaces which correspond to running-in and steady stage of wear were investigated in terms of the microstructure, 3D image and 2D surface roughness. The micro-abrasion tests were made in the presence of a SiC abrasive slurry for test durations between 200 – 1600 s and the worn surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy.
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Han, Pu, Sihan Zhang, Zhong Yang, M. Faisal Riyad, Dan O. Popa, and Keng Hsu. "In-Process Orbiting Laser-Assisted Technique for the Surface Finish in Material Extrusion-Based 3D Printing." Polymers 15, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092221.

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Material extrusion-based polymer 3D printing, one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing processes for thermoplastics and composites, has drawn extensive attention due to its capability and cost effectiveness. However, the low surface finish quality of the printed parts remains a drawback due to the nature of stacking successive layers along one direction and the nature of rastering of the extruded tracks of material. In this work, an in-process thermal radiation-assisted, surface reflow method is demonstrated that significantly improves the surface finish of the sidewalls of printed parts. It is observed that the surface finish of the printed part is drastically improved for both flat and curved surfaces. The effect of surface reflow on roughness reduction was characterized using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the local heated spot temperature was quantified using a thermal camera.
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Dadras Javan, F., and M. Savadkouhi. "THERMAL 3D MODELS ENHANCEMENT BASED ON INTEGRATION WITH VISIBLE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-263-2019.

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Abstract. In the last few years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being frequently used to acquire high resolution photogrammetric images and consequently producing Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and orthophotos in a photogrammetric procedure for topography and surface processing applications. Thermal imaging sensors are mostly used for interpretation and monitoring purposes because of lower geometric resolution. But yet, thermal mapping is getting more important in civil applications, as thermal sensors can be used in condition that visible sensors cannot, such as foggy weather and night times which is not possible for visible cameras. But, low geometric quality and resolution of thermal images is a main drawback that 3D thermal modelling are encountered with. This study aims to offer a solution for to fixing mentioned problem and generating a thermal 3D model with higher spatial resolution based on thermal and visible point clouds integration. This integration leads to generate a more accurate thermal point cloud and DEM with more density and resolution which is appropriate for 3D thermal modelling. The main steps of this study are: generating thermal and RGB point clouds separately, registration of them in two course and fine level and finally adding thermal information to RGB high resolution point cloud by interpolation concept. Experimental results are presented in a mesh that has more faces (With a factor of 23) which leads to a higher resolution textured mesh with thermal information.
9

Matringe, Caroline, Elsa Thune, René Guinebretière, and David Babonneau. "Self-ordering on vicinal surfaces studied by 3D GISAXS measurements." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091207.

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Nanostructured systems made of islands deposited onto oxide surfaces have both fundamental and technological interests and are used in the field of electronic, linear or non-linear optic, and optoelectronic. The final properties of these systems depend on the shape and the size of nanoparticles and also on their organization. On this general framework, we aim at producing self-organized nanostructures using vicinal surfaces [1],[2]. Vicinal surfaces are obtained by cutting a single crystal with a small deviation of the surface normal with respect to a crystallographic plane leading to a surface with terraces separated by steps. Suitable templates for the growth of self-organized nanostructures are created thanks to the re-arrangement of the steps during thermal treatment (step bunching). Different types of nanostructured surfaces can be elaborated and used as templates since the substrates exhibit a one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) periodic patterns (fig. 1a). The surface morphology and the periodicity can be tuned with the thermal treatment parameters (i.e. annealing time, temperature and atmosphere) and also with the sample parameters (i.e. miscut and azimuthal angles). Ordered stepped oxide surfaces are characterized ex-situ after each treatment on a laboratory scale by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which provide a direct image of the surface morphology (step height, step curvature, terrace width...) over a small probed area (a few µm2). Quantitative analysis of the surface morphology has been studied by grazing incidence small angle scattering using a specific set-up implemented recently onto the BM02 beamline at ESRF (Grenoble, France). Prior to the SAXS measurements, the samples were strictly oriented according to the primary beam direction using a 3-axis sample holder. 3D reciprocal space maps around the (000) node were then recorded onto a 2D pixel detector through 3600rotation of the samples around the azimuthal angle. Modelling of 2D sections of the (000) reciprocal space node were realized using the FitGISAXS software [3]. Typical experimental and calculated maps are reported fig. 1b and 1c. We demonstrate that the 2D ordered surface is consistent with a rectangular centred periodic lattice decorated by truncated tetrahedrons (see fig. 1d).
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Dlouhá, Ž., M. Vostřák, J. Duliškovič, I. Zetková, and T. Mařík. "Adhesion of selected thermally sprayed coatings on additive manufactured maraging steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2572, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2572/1/012006.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is increasingly expanding into different types of industries. Still, many potential applications are restricted due to the limited choice of materials used in AM. A suitable solution could be a combination of AM and thermal spraying of functional parts of the surface to achieve superior surface properties. This work aims to study the possibility to prepare the surface with AM technology to direct application of coating by thermal spraying without any additional surface preparation. To verify this possibility, the parameters of the 3D printing technology were adjusted to achieve suitable surface structures for the following thermal spraying. Several variants of modifications with different surface properties were selected. The samples were printed from maraging steel using the DMLS technology. The coatings chosen for testing were WC – CoCr and Stellite 6 sprayed by HVOF and further NiAl and Al2O3-TiO2 sprayed by APS. The adhesion of the coating was tested by an adhesion test performed under the ASTM C633-79 standard. The bonding of the coating on the surface was studied by metallographic analysis. The achieved results indicate that the adhesion of HVOF sprayed WC-CoCr coating on 3D printed surfaces is excellent for most surface modifications. The Stellite 6 exhibits good adhesion on several surface modifications. The APS sprayed coating shows significantly lower adhesion, the NiAl and Al2O3-TiO2 coatings can be successfully sprayed only on selected surface modifications.
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Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Wang, Xue. "Thermal Resistance Of Surface Modified, Dispersion Controlled CNT Foams." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460425184.

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Bayareh, Mancilla Rafael. "Towards a Tool for Diabetic Foot Diagnosis using a 3D Modeling Based on Thermographic and Visible Spectrum Images." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0142.

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La thermographie infrarouge médicale est une méthode quantitative permettant d'identifier une température irrégulière à des fins de diagnostic médical. Une température corporelle anormale étant un signe naturel de maladie, les données de cette modalité peuvent être utilisées pour détecter des maladies ou des anomalies physiologiques, comme le pied diabétique qui est le sujet de cette thèse Selon la Fédération internationale du diabète, près d'un demi-million de personnes ont été diagnostiquées avec un diabète sucré en 2019. La neuropathie périphérique peut toucher 40 % à 60 % des individus en raison de problèmes liés au pied diabétique. L'amputation sous l'articulation du genou en tant qu'opération préventive est un risque courant chez ces personnes, et on estime qu'une amputation se produit toutes les 30 secondes dans le monde. Actuellement, l'IRM, la radiographie et la thermographie, ainsi que les techniques de traitement de l'image, font partie des modalités d'imagerie médicale utilisées pour diagnostiquer précocement le pied diabétique. La thermographie infrarouge médicale, quant à elle, est une approche passive sans contact, non invasive et non ionisante. L'imagerie infrarouge du pied diabétique repose encore principalement sur des images 2D qui ne montrent qu'une partie de l'anatomie. Dans ce scénario, un modèle thermique 3D permettrait une meilleure observation et inspection de la région d'intérêt, qui comprend les zones plantaires, latérale et dorsale. L'utilisation de la modélisation 3D pour le diagnostic du pied diabétique a été documentée dans quelques articles au moment de la publication de cette thèse.La méthode proposée utilise une série d'images infrarouges et à spectre visible fusionnées comme données d'entrée pour l'estimation du nuage de points 3D et la reconstruction de surface, basée sur les méthodes Structure from Motion et Multi-view Stereo. Cependant, la segmentation dans les images thermiques est une tâche qui reste manuelle puisque la détection des caractéristiques descriptives est presque impossible dans les images fausses couleurs. Par conséquent, cette thèse présente une méthode de segmentation automatique basée sur le traitement des informations radiométriques avant de générer une image en fausses couleurs. Le traitement des données radiométriques est une alternative au traitement d'image numérique en raison de la possibilité d'éliminer les interférences thermiques (par exemple la lampe, les ombres thermiques, ou même les parties du corps du patient) sur la base de critères de seuil de température, d'améliorer le contraste des couleurs, de segmenter la région d'intérêt, et de combiner sur des images du spectre visible.Les images multimodales fusionnées ont été utilisées comme informations d'entrée pour l'estimation de la surface 3D du pied. Le modèle obtenu était doté d'une échelle de température liée aux données radiométriques obtenues par chaque volontaire, ainsi que de la possibilité de faire pivoter le modèle pour observer chaque point de vue. Les résultats montrent que le modèle multimodal 3D est réalisable, permettant une visualisation meilleure et plus rapide de la distribution de la température lors du diagnostic du pied diabétique. La contribution de cette thèse concerne l'acquisition d'un modèle 3D avec des informations thermiques et la segmentation automatique dans les images thermiques pour la fusion multimodale. La perspective est la validation clinique pour tester l'assistance dans le diagnostic du pied diabétique. Cependant, du point de vue expérimental/théorique, il est envisagé d'étudier la précision du recalage des images avec la méthode proposée de segmentation automatique, et la précision thermique et spatiale des modèles 3D réalisés avec des fantômes
Medical infrared thermography is a quantitative method for identifying irregular temperatures for medical diagnosis. Because abnormal body temperature is a natural sign of illness, this modality's data can be used to detect disease or physiological abnormalities, such as diabetic foot which is the subject of this thesis According to the International Diabetes Federation, nearly half a million people were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in 2019. Peripheral neuropathy may affect 40 % to 60 % of individuals because of diabetic foot issues. Amputation below the knee joint as a preventive operation is a common risk among these individuals, and it is estimated that one amputation occurs every 30 seconds around the world. Currently, MRI, radiography, and thermography, together with image processing techniques, are among the medical imaging modalities utilized to diagnose the diabetic foot early. Medical infrared thermography, on the other hand, is a non-contact, non-invasive, and non-ionizing passive approach. Infrared imaging of the diabetic foot is still mostly reliant on 2D images that only show a portion of the anatomy. In this scenario, a 3D thermal model would allow for better observation and inspection of the region of interest, which includes the plantar, lateral, and dorsal areas. The use of 3D modeling for the diagnosis of the diabetic foot has been documented in a few articles at the publication of this thesis.The proposed method employs a series of merged infrared and visible spectrum images as data input for the 3D point cloud estimation and surface reconstruction, based on Structure from Motion and Multi-view Stereo methods. However, segmentation in thermal images is a task that remains manually performed since the detection of descriptive features is almost impossible in false-color images. Therefore, this thesis presents an automatic segmentation method based on the processing of radiometric information before generating a false-color image. Radiometric data processing is an alternative to digital image processing due to the feasibility to remove thermal interferences (e.g. lamp, thermal shadows, or even patient body parts) based on temperature threshold criteria, improving color contrast, and segmenting the region of interest, and combine onto visible spectrum images.The fused multimodal images were used as input information for the estimation of the 3D surface of the foot. The obtained model was provided with a temperature scale related to the radiometric data obtained by each volunteer, as well as the possibility to rotate the model to observe each viewpoint. The findings show that the 3D multimodal model is feasible, allowing for better and faster visualization of temperature distribution during diabetic foot diagnosis. The contribution of this thesis concerns the acquisition of a 3D model with thermal information and automatic segmentation in thermal images for multimodal fusion. The perspective is the clinical validation to pilot test the assistance in the diagnosis of diabetic foot. However, from the experimental/theoretical perspective, it is contemplated to study the accuracy of image registration with the proposed method of automatic segmentation, and the thermal and spatial accuracy of the 3D models carried out with phantoms
3

Hlubinka, David. "Teplotní vlastnosti automobilových zdrojů světla - Halogenové zdroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318096.

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The aim of master´s thesis is to get acquainted with the design and materials used in selected automotive light source – tungsten halogen lamp. Further, the thesis focused on the theory and appropriate selection of the thermal measurement method on a real sample. Subsequently, a model of the light source and its simulation in the ANSYS – Maxwell 3D and Mechanical programs are created. Finally, the results of the thermal simulation and the non-contact measurement of the tungsten halogen lamp are evaluated
4

Leong, Hoi Liong, C. L. Gan, Kin Leong Pey, Carl V. Thompson, and Hongyu Li. "Effects of Applied Loads, Effective Contact Area and Surface Roughness on the Dicing Yield of 3D Cu Bonded Interconnects." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29818.

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Bonded copper interconnects were created using thermo-compression bonding and the dicing yield was used as an indication of the bond quality. SEM images indicated that the Cu was plastically deformed. Our experimental and modeling results indicate that the effective contact area is directly proportional to the applied load. Furthermore, for first time, results have been obtained that indicate that the dicing yield is proportional to the measured bond strength, and the bond strength is proportional to the effective contact area. It is also shown that films with rougher surfaces (and corresponding lower effective bonding areas) have lower bond strengths and dicing yields. A quantitative model for the relationship between measured surface roughness and the corresponding dicing yield has been developed. An appropriate surface-roughness data acquisition methodology has also been developed. The maximum possible applied load and the minimum possible surface roughness are required to obtain the maximum effective contact area, and hence to achieve optimum yields (both mechanically and electrically).
Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Books on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Random Phase Approximation Plasma Phenomenology, Semiclassical and Hydrodynamic Models; Electrodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0010.

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Chapter 10 reviews both homogeneous and inhomogeneous quantum plasma dielectric response phenomenology starting with the RPA polarizability ring diagram in terms of thermal Green’s functions, also energy eigenfunctions. The homogeneous dynamic, non-local inverse dielectric screening functions (K) are exhibited for 3D, 2D, and 1D, encompassing the non-local plasmon spectra and static shielding (e.g. Friedel oscillations and Debye-Thomas-Fermi shielding). The role of a quantizing magnetic field in K is reviewed. Analytically simpler models are described: the semiclassical and classical limits and the hydrodynamic model, including surface plasmons. Exchange and correlation energies are discussed. The van der Waals interaction of two neutral polarizable systems (e.g. physisorption) is described by their individual two-particle Green’s functions: It devolves upon the role of the dynamic, non-local plasma image potential due to screening. The inverse dielectric screening function K also plays a central role in energy loss spectroscopy. Chapter 10 introduces electromagnetic dyadic Green’s functions and the inverse dielectric tensor; also the RPA dynamic, non-local conductivity tensor with application to a planar quantum well. Kramers–Krönig relations are discussed. Determination of electromagnetic response of a compound nanostructure system having several nanostructured parts is discussed, with applications to a quantum well in bulk plasma and also to a superlattice, resulting in coupled plasmon spectra and polaritons.

Book chapters on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Saha, Arka Prabha, Siva Teja Kakileti, Ronak Dedhiya, and Geetha Manjunath. "3D-BreastNet: A Self-supervised Deep Learning Network for Reconstruction of 3D Breast Surface from 2D Thermal Images." In Artificial Intelligence Over Infrared Images for Medical Applications (AIIIMA 2023), 32–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44511-8_2.

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Zeng, Tongyan, Essam F. Abo-Serie, Manus Henry, and James Jewkes. "Thermal Optimisation Model for Cooling Channel Design Using the Adjoint Method in 3D Printed Aluminium Die-Casting Tools." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 333–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_31.

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AbstractIn the present study, the adjoint method is introduced to the optimisation of the corner cooling element in two baseline cooling designs for a mould cavity, as examples of the Aluminium metal die-casting process. First, a steady thermal model simulating the Aluminium die-casting process is introduced for the two-corner cooling design scenario. This steady model serves as the first iteration of the optimised model using the adjoint method. A dual-parameter objective function targets the interfacial temperature standard deviation and pressure drop across the internal cooling region. For both design cases, multi-iterative deformation cycles of the corner cooling configurations result in optimised designs with non-uniform cross-section geometries and smooth surface finishing. Numerical simulations of the resulting designs show improvements in uniform cooling across the mould/cast interfacial contact surface by 66.13% and 92.65%, while the optimised pressure drop increases coolant fluid flow by 25.81% and 20.35% respectively. This technique has been applied to optimise the complex cooling system for an industrial high-pressure aluminium die-casting (HPADC) tool (Zeng et al. in SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0246, 2022, [1]). Production line experience demonstrates that the optimised designs have three times the operational life compared to conventional mould designs, providing a significant reduction in manufacturing and operation costs.
3

Rudack, Maximilian, Iris Raffeis, Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh, Sayan Chatterjee, Uwe Vroomen, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Marie-Noemi Bold, et al. "Material Solutions to Increase the Information Density in Mold-Based Production Systems." In Internet of Production, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98062-7_21-1.

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AbstractProduction processes for the manufacturing of technical components are enabled by the availability and use of adequate engineering materials. Within the Internet of Production this work stream is dedicated to developing material and process-based solutions to increase the data availability during the manufacturing and operation of discontinuous mold-based production systems such as high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and injection molding (IM). This includes the development of data-driven alloy design strategies for additively manufactured mold components using tool steels as an initial use case as well as new surface-based smart sensor and actuator solutions. Material data and properties are tracked from the steel powder production via gas atomization until the final use in a mold to produce castings. Intermediate steps include the 3D printing of mold components via laser powder bed fusion and subsequent application of physical vapor deposition and thermal spraying-based smart multilayer coatings with sensor and actuator capabilities. The coating system is refined by selective laser patterning to facilitate the integration onto complex shape molding tool surfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation-based methods are developed to derive material properties required for the modeling of polymer-based materials. By using this integrated methodology with the application of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) methods from the metal powder for the mold printing up until the casting or molding process, the foundation for a holistic life cycle assessment within the integrated structural health engineering (ISHE) framework is laid for the produced tooling systems as well as the molded parts.
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Rudack, Maximilian, Iris Raffeis, Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh, Sayan Chatterjee, Uwe Vroomen, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, Marie-Noemi Bold, et al. "Material Solutions to Increase the Information Density in Mold-Based Production Systems." In Internet of Production, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44497-5_21.

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Abstract:
AbstractProduction processes for the manufacturing of technical components are enabled by the availability and use of adequate engineering materials. Within the Internet of Production this work stream is dedicated to developing material and process-based solutions to increase the data availability during the manufacturing and operation of discontinuous mold-based production systems such as high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and injection molding (IM). This includes the development of data-driven alloy design strategies for additively manufactured mold components using tool steels as an initial use case as well as new surface-based smart sensor and actuator solutions. Material data and properties are tracked from the steel powder production via gas atomization until the final use in a mold to produce castings. Intermediate steps include the 3D printing of mold components via laser powder bed fusion and subsequent application of physical vapor deposition and thermal spraying-based smart multilayer coatings with sensor and actuator capabilities. The coating system is refined by selective laser patterning to facilitate the integration onto complex shape molding tool surfaces. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation-based methods are developed to derive material properties required for the modeling of polymer-based materials. By using this integrated methodology with the application of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) methods from the metal powder for the mold printing up until the casting or molding process, the foundation for a holistic life cycle assessment within the integrated structural health engineering (ISHE) framework is laid for the produced tooling systems as well as the molded parts.
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Gholami, Mansoureh, Daniele Torreggiani, Alberto Barbaresi, and Patrizia Tassinari. "Smart Green Planning for Urban Environments: The City Digital Twin of Imola." In Smart Cities, 133–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35664-3_10.

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AbstractUrban green spaces are significant in adjusting the urban microclimate. Street trees are the most influential type of urban vegetation in reducing heat stress. However, simulating trees’ 3D models, wind flow, surface temperature, and radiation parameters in complex urban settings and producing high-resolution microclimate maps is often time-consuming and requires extensive computing processes. Therefore, efficient approaches are needed to visualize green scenarios for the future development of the cities. Smart green planning of Imola aims at developing a microclimate digital twin for the city that provides complementary and supportive roles in the collection and processing of micrometeorological data, automates microclimate modeling, and represents climatic interactions virtually. This chapter sets out to explore the smart green planning of Imola in two parts. The first part is focused on the potential and intentions of developing the urban microclimate digital twin for the city of Imola and its conceptual framework. The second part aims at testing and evaluating the applicability of the proposed microclimate digital twin by implementing it in the city of Imola. This digital twin can provide urban planners and policymakers with a precise and useful methodology for real-time simulation of the cooling effects of the trees and other green systems on urban-scale, pedestrian-level thermal comfort, and also a guarantee for the functionality of policies in different urban settings.
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Shukla, Kaustubh Kumar, T. Muthumanickam, and T. Sheela. "Effects of Thermally Induced Deformations and Surface Radiosity for 3D Heat Transfer and Its Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 449–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7909-4_41.

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Bard, Joshua, Dana Cupkova, Newell Washburn, and Garth Zeglin. "Thermally Informed Robotic Topologies: Profile-3D-Printing for the Robotic Construction of Concrete Panels, Thermally Tuned Through High Resolution Surface Geometry." In Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design 2018, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92294-2_9.

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"Aerogels Utilizations in Batteries." In Aerogels II, 99–120. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901298-6.

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Aerogels, a nanoscale 3D mesoporous spongy sample of enhanced surface area, was usually considered as insulator for thermal application, catalyst, and as radiation detector. Presently, it is investigated as potential candidate for electrochemistry due to its inborn capacity to enhance the characteristic features of the surfaces of commercial active materials in batteries and ultracapacitors. Recently composite aerogels which is blended with metal oxides, metal sulphides and so on have been set up as low thickness, profoundly permeable, and large amount of accessible surface and examined as active electrodes. This type of aerogel-based composites challenges the standard manners by that electrochemically active materials are considered, examined, and employed.
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Fatoba, Olawale Samuel, Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola, Gabriel Ayokunle Farotade, and Sisa Lesley Pityana. "Computational Dynamics of Laser Alloyed Metallic Materials for Improved Corrosion Performance." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 197–235. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0329-3.ch008.

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Laser alloying is a material processing method which utilizes the high power density available from defocused laser beam to melt both metal coatings and a part of the underlying substrate. Since melting occur solitary at the surface, large temperature gradients exist across the boundary between the melted surface region and underlying solid substrate, which results in rapid self-quenching and re-solidifications. Alloyed powders are deposited in a molten pool of the substrate material to improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate by producing corrosion resistant coatings. A 3D mathematical model is developed to obtain insights on the behaviour of laser melted pools subjected to various process parameters. Simulation with 3D model with different values of various significant processing parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate influences the geometry and dynamics of the melt pool, and cooling rates. It is expected that the melt pool flow, thermal and solidification characteristics will have a profound effect on the microstructure of the solidified region.
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Mejia, Guilherme Lourenço. "Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics Simulation Considering Complex 3D Propellant Grain Geometries." In Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies, 146–69. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2903-3.ch007.

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Solid rocket motors (SRM) are extensively employed in satellite launchers, missiles and gas generators. Design considers propulsive parameters with dimensional, manufacture, thermal and structural constraints. Solid propellant geometry and computation of its burning rate are essential for the calculation of pressure and thrust vs time curves. The propellant grain geometry changes during SRM burning are also important for structural integrity and analysis. A computational tool for tracking the propagation of tridimensional interfaces and shapes is then necessary. In this sense, the objective of this work is to present the developed computational tool (named RSIM) to simulate the burning surface regression during the combustion process of a solid propellant. The SRM internal ballistics simulation is based on 3D propagation, using the level set method approach. Geometrical and thermodynamic data are used as input for the computation, while simulation results of geometry and chamber pressure versus time are presented in test cases.

Conference papers on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Prakash, Surya, Pei Yean Lee, and Terry Caelli. "3D Mapping of Surface Temperature Using Thermal Stereo." In 2006 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2006.345342.

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Pradere, Christophe, Marie-Marthe Groz, Emmanuelle Abisset-Chavanne, Anissa Meziane, and Alain Sommier. "3D reconstruction of thermal volumetric sources from surface temperature fields measured by infrared thermography." In Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLII, edited by Beate Oswald-Tranta and Joseph N. Zalameda. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2557734.

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Jerchel, Kathleen, and Tadatomo Suga. "Influence of geometric pattern design and surface roughness on thermal performance of copper to copper bonding." In 2017 5th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2017.7947469.

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Yang, Yujie, and Thomas Weyrauch. "Line-scan, fiber-based confocal sensing for surface characterization and thermal distribution monitoring in selective laser melting systems." In Laser 3D Manufacturing XI, edited by Bo Gu and Hongqiang Chen. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3003059.

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Tillmann, W., W. Luo, and U. Selvadurai. "3D Wear Analysis of Thermal Spray Coatings." In ITSC2013, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, G. Mauer, A. McDonald, and F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2013p0487.

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Abstract This study investigates the wear resistance of WC-FeCSiMn coatings deposited on 3D surfaces by two-wire arc spraying. Wear behavior was evaluated by means of pin-on-disc testing, pin-on-rotating tube testing, and a method in which a robot arm moves a pin over test specimens with arbitrary surface geometries. Residual stresses were determined by incremental hole drilling and were found to have a dependency on substrate geometry. After wear testing, a 3D profilometer determined wear volume and coating surfaces were examined by SEM. The results indicate that wear resistance is strongly influenced by the geometry of the substrate.
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Kim, Dong Uk, Chan Bae Jeong, Jung Dae Kim, and Ki Soo Chang. "Sub-surface Thermal Imaging of Microelectronic Devices using Confocal Laser Scanning Thermoreflectance Microscopy." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2018.jm4a.16.

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Kabir, I. R., D. Yin, and S. Naher. "3D thermal model of laser surface glazing for H13 tool steel." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GLOBAL NETWORK FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND AWAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (IGNITE-AICCE’17): Sustainable Technology And Practice For Infrastructure and Community Resilience. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5008152.

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Prakash, Surya, Pei Yean Lee, Terry Caelli, and Tim Raupach. "Robust thermal camera calibration and 3D mapping of object surface temperatures." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Jonathan J. Miles, G. Raymond Peacock, and Kathryn M. Knettel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.668459.

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Bussmann, M., S. D. Aziz, S. Chandra, and J. Mostaghimi. "3D Modelling of Thermal Spray Droplet Splashing." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0413.

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Abstract Various models exist of the 2D impact of a molten thermal spray particle onto a flat solid surface. Such models, however, cannot be used to examine 3D effects such as the asymmetric splashing and breakup which are common under thermal spray conditions. The focus of the present work is on such effects. A 3D model of droplet impact has been developed which predicts splashing and the subsequent formation of small satellite droplets. The model is a 3D version of RIPPLE (LA12007- MS), an Eulerian fixed-grid finite volume code utilizing a volume tracking algorithm to track the droplet free surface. Simulations are presented of the impact and splashing of a molten tin droplet, and the results compared with photographs. A simple model, based on Rayleigh-Taylor instability theory, yields an estimate of the number of satellite droplets which form during impact. Finally, a simulation of droplet impact under thermal spray conditions demonstrates breakup, although in the form of a corona which separates from the bulk of the fluid.
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Sooudi, E., V. Ahmadi, M. Ebnali Heidari, and M. Soroosh. "Static Quasi 3D Thermal Simulation of Ion Implanted Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smelec.2006.381057.

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Reports on the topic "3D thermal surface":

1

Burks, Thomas F., Victor Alchanatis, and Warren Dixon. Enhancement of Sensing Technologies for Selective Tree Fruit Identification and Targeting in Robotic Harvesting Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591739.bard.

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The proposed project aims to enhance tree fruit identification and targeting for robotic harvesting through the selection of appropriate sensor technology, sensor fusion, and visual servo-control approaches. These technologies will be applicable for apple, orange and grapefruit harvest, although specific sensor wavelengths may vary. The primary challenges are fruit occlusion, light variability, peel color variation with maturity, range to target, and computational requirements of image processing algorithms. There are four major development tasks in original three-year proposed study. First, spectral characteristics in the VIS/NIR (0.4-1.0 micron) will be used in conjunction with thermal data to provide accurate and robust detection of fruit in the tree canopy. Hyper-spectral image pairs will be combined to provide automatic stereo matching for accurate 3D position. Secondly, VIS/NIR/FIR (0.4-15.0 micron) spectral sensor technology will be evaluated for potential in-field on-the-tree grading of surface defect, maturity and size for selective fruit harvest. Thirdly, new adaptive Lyapunov-basedHBVS (homography-based visual servo) methods to compensate for camera uncertainty, distortion effects, and provide range to target from a single camera will be developed, simulated, and implemented on a camera testbed to prove concept. HBVS methods coupled with imagespace navigation will be implemented to provide robust target tracking. And finally, harvesting test will be conducted on the developed technologies using the University of Florida harvesting manipulator test bed. During the course of the project it was determined that the second objective was overly ambitious for the project period and effort was directed toward the other objectives. The results reflect the synergistic efforts of the three principals. The USA team has focused on citrus based approaches while the Israeli counterpart has focused on apples. The USA team has improved visual servo control through the use of a statistical-based range estimate and homography. The results have been promising as long as the target is visible. In addition, the USA team has developed improved fruit detection algorithms that are robust under light variation and can localize fruit centers for partially occluded fruit. Additionally, algorithms have been developed to fuse thermal and visible spectrum image prior to segmentation in order to evaluate the potential improvements in fruit detection. Lastly, the USA team has developed a multispectral detection approach which demonstrated fruit detection levels above 90% of non-occluded fruit. The Israel team has focused on image registration and statistical based fruit detection with post-segmentation fusion. The results of all programs have shown significant progress with increased levels of fruit detection over prior art.

To the bibliography