Journal articles: '3D printing architecture'

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Saleh Abd Elfatah, Ahmed. "3D Printing in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (Concrete 3D printing)." Engineering Research Journal 162 (June 1, 2019): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erj.2019.139808.

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Talyosef, Orly. "Perspectives on BIM-Based 3D Printing for Sustainable Buildings." Architext 9 (2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/architext/9/3.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also called additive manufacture (AM), is a novel, automated method of printing a structure layer-by-layer directly from a 3D digital design model. Its potential ability to build complex shapes in a less costly and more sustainable manner may revolutionize the construction industry. There are three main 3D printing techniques: (a) contour crafting; (b) concrete printing, and (c) D-shape. As a disruptive technology, 3D printing creates a new market and value network, thus disturbing the established market. Building information modeling (BIM) is a comprehensive management approach encompassing the entire life cycle of the architecture and construction (A&C) process, including architectural planning, geometrical data, scheduling, material, equipment, resource and manufacturing data, and post-construction facility management. By maintaining safety and productivity in large-scale digital processes, BIM is critical to 3D printing’s success in construction. Integrating BIM and 3D printing techniques into A&C can potentially lead to an ecological architectural process that reduces waste and energy inefficiency, and prevents injuries and fatalities on construction sites, while increasing productivity and quality. This paper examines BIM-based 3D printing of sustainable buildings, which may revolutionize the construction industry and contribute to a sustainable environment

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Song, Min Jeong, Euna Ha, Sang-Kwon Goo, and JaeKyung Cho. "Design and Development of 3D Printed Teaching Aids for Architecture Education." International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2018070106.

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This article describes how the implementation of 3D printing in classrooms has brought many opportunities to educators as it provides affordability and accessibility in creating and customizing teaching aids. The study reports on the process of fabricating teaching aids for architecture education using 3D printing technologies. The practice-based research intended to illustrate the making process from initial planning, 3D modeling to 3D printing with practical examples, and addresses the potential induced by the technologies. Based on the investigation into the current state of 3D printing technologies in education, limitations were identified before the making process. The researchers created 3D models in both digital and tangible forms and the process was documented in textual and pictorial formats. It is expected that the research findings will serve as a guideline for other educators to create 3D printed teaching aids, particularly architectural forms.

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García-Alvarado, Rodrigo, Claudia Muñoz-Sanguinetti, Alejandro Martínez-Rocamora, and Ginnia Moroni Orellana. "Condiciones arquitectónicas de la construcción impresa-3D." AUS, no. 32 (2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/aus.2022.n32-04.

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Nicholas, Paul, Gabriella Rossi, Ella Williams, Michael Bennett, and Tim Schork. "Integrating real-time multi-resolution scanning and machine learning for Conformal Robotic 3D Printing in Architecture." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 4 (August 13, 2020): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120948203.

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Robotic 3D printing applications are rapidly growing in architecture, where they enable the introduction of new materials and bespoke geometries. However, current approaches remain limited to printing on top of a flat build bed. This limits robotic 3D printing’s impact as a sustainable technology: opportunities to customize or enhance existing elements, or to utilize complex material behaviour are missed. This paper addresses the potentials of conformal 3D printing and presents a novel and robust workflow for printing onto unknown and arbitrarily shaped 3D substrates. The workflow combines dual-resolution Robotic Scanning, Neural Network prediction and printing of PETG plastic. This integrated approach offers the advantage of responding directly to unknown geometries through automated performance design customization. This paper firstly contextualizes the work within the current state of the art of conformal printing. We then describe our methodology and the design experiment we have used to test it. We lastly describe the key findings, potentials and limitations of the work, as well as the next steps in this research.

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Rodrigues Carneiro, Luiz Renato, and José Jean-Paul Zanlucchi de Souza Tavares. "Design and implementation of 3D printer for Mechanical Engineering Courses." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss3.3001.

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Nowadays 3D printing is a hot topic and this was specially observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this project has the objective to present the design and implementation of a 3D printer, which fits the Mechanical Engineering Courses requisites. The founded solution follows the Delta architecture and it was called Delta MAPL. This paper will summarize all important definitions and knowledge to build a 3D printer such as, 3D printers technologies and architectures, expose the developed project involving mechanic and electric project, project cost, programming and slicer, calibration, printing parameters, and will also expose de results through implementation of the project, 3D printing tests, and also the documentation with all design parts, codes and printing parameters. Therefore, 3D printer is very useful and involving many fields of Mechanical Engineering knowledge, thus 3D printing develops not only knowledge in mechanic, electric, sensors and actuators and material properties, but also creativity and problem-solving that are so important for all engineering students.

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Chu, Tiankuo, Soyeon Park, and Kun (Kelvin) Fu. "3D printing‐enabled advanced electrode architecture design." Carbon Energy 3, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 424–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cey2.114.

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Abdallah, Yomna K., and Alberto T. Estévez. "3D-Printed Biodigital Clay Bricks." Biomimetics 6, no. 4 (October 7, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6040059.

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Construction materials and techniques have witnessed major advancements due to the application of digital tools in the design and fabrication processes, leading to a wide array of possibilities, especially in additive digital manufacturing tools and 3D printing techniques, scales, and materials. However, possibilities carry responsibilities with them and raise the question of the sustainability of 3D printing applications in the built environment in terms of material consumption and construction processes: how should one use digital design and 3D printing to achieve minimum material use, minimum production processes, and optimized application in the built environment? In this work, we propose an optimized formal design of “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” to achieve sustainability in the use of materials. These were achieved by using a bottom-up methodology of biolearning to extract the formal grammar of the bricks that is suitable for their various applications in the built environment as building units, thereby realizing the concept of formal physiology, as well as employing the concept of fractality or pixilation by using 3D printing to create the bricks as building units on an architectural scale. This enables the adoption of this method as an alternative construction procedure instead of conventional clay brick and full-scale 3D printing of architecture on a wider and more democratic scale, avoiding the high costs of 3D printing machines and lengthy processes of the one-step, 3D-printed, full-scale architecture, while also guaranteeing minimum material consumption and maximum forma–function coherency. The “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” were developed using Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D + Plugins (Anemone and Kangaroo) and were 3D printed in clay.

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Allouzi, Rawan, Wael Al-Azhari, and Rabab Allouzi. "Conventional Construction and 3D Printing: A Comparison Study on Material Cost in Jordan." Journal of Engineering 2020 (May 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1424682.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a procedure used to create 3D objects in which consecutive layers of a material are computer-controlled produced. Such objects can be constructed in any shape using digital model data. First, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the advances in 3D printing processes of construction. Then, the architectural, economical, environmental, and structural features of 3D printing are introduced. Examples of 3D printed structures are presented, and the construction challenges facing Jordan, that encouraged this study, are stated. Finally, a precise description regarding the impact of 3D printing is provided by comparing conventional construction data of Ras Alain Multipurpose Hall in Jordan and the expected data if the same building has been built using 3D printing. The suggested model is generated using Revit software. As a result of this study, an understanding of 3D printing procedure, mechanism of action, and its impact on the future of construction and architecture through economical, structural, and environmental parameters is achieved. This leads to encourage engineers and contractors to take this subject into account for construction in Jordan.

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Hansmeyer, Michael, and Benjamin Dillenburger. "Digital grotesque: Towards a micro-tectonic architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 5, no. 2 (2013): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1302194h.

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Computational design allows for architecture with an extraordinary degree of topographical and topological complexity. Limitations of traditional CNC technologies have until recently precluded this architecture from being fabricated. While additive manufacturing has made it possible to materialize these complex forms, this has occurred only at a very small scale. In trying to apply additive manufacturing to the construction of full-scale architecture, one encounters a dilemma: existing large-scale 3D printing methods can only print highly simplified shapes with rough details, while existing high-resolution technologies have limited print spaces, high costs, or material attributes that preclude a structural use. This paper provides a brief background on additive manufacturing technology and presents recent developments in sand-printing technology that overcome current 3D printing restrictions. It then presents a specific experiment, Digital Grotesque project, which is the first application of 3D sand-printing technology at an architecture scale. It describes how this project attempts to exploit the potentials of these new technologies.

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Coppola, Sara, Giuseppe Nasti, Veronica Vespini, and Pietro Ferraro. "Layered 3D Printing by Tethered Pyro-Electrospinning." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1252960.

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Nowadays it is easy to imagine that the exploitation of different additive manufacturing approaches could find use in regenerative medicine and frontiers nanotechnology with a strong interest in the development of in vivo bio-incubators that better replicate the tissue environment. Various electrospinning technologies have been exploited for the fabrication of composite polymeric architectures, where fibers have been used for the construction layer by layer of micro-architectures. Unfortunately, in case of processing biomaterials, the intrinsic factors of the materials could become obstacles when considering such advanced engineering methods. Here, for the first time, we use the pyro-EHD process for the fabrication of layered three-dimensional architectures made using a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer. The proposed approach for layered 3D printing works at mild temperature allowing deposition at high resolution and great flexibility in manufacturing, avoiding high voltage generators, and nozzles. The layered 3D printing, activated by the pyro-electric effect, is discussed and characterized in terms of geometrical features and processing parameters. Different geometries and micro-architecture (wall, square, triangle, and hybrid structures) have been demonstrated and over printing of composite polymer, obtained by mixing multiwall carbon nanotubes and fluorochrome, has been discussed, focusing on the use of a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer.

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Boumaraf, Hemza, and Mehmet İnceoğlu. "Integrating 3D Printing Technologies into Architectural Education as Design Tools." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01211.

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3D printing technology offers the chance to produce very small-scale, complex forms that could help to improve educational materials for architectural design. In this age of technological advances, architectural education needs to integrate modern teaching methods that could enhance students’ visual perception. This research thus examined the impact of computational design modeling and 3D printing technology on the spatial cognition of architecture students. It starts with the premise that the use of the 3D printed models will support design logic and improve the deep understanding of spatial perception among students. Thirty architecture students were asked about a designed project realized for the purpose of this study. They were presented both a project designed via computer modeling software and a printed model of the same project. The outcomes indicate that the use of 3D printing gave better results in the development of students’ spatial abilities. The findings also confirm that adopting this technology in the development of teaching tools will enhance students’ spatial perception and extend beyond the seamless materialization of the digital model which can continuously inform design ideation through emerging perception qualities.

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Krūgelis, Linas. "3D printing technology as a method for discovering new creative opportunities for architecture and design." Landscape architecture and art 13 (December 10, 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.10.

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3D printing technology has been in existence for several decades and has long been used exclusively for industrial manufacturing or product prototyping, and today this rapidly progressing technology penetrates more and more effectively into creativity fields. It encourages re-evaluation of the possibilities and methods that every person today can create, model, change their living environment. Opens up new possibilities for customized architectural and product design. The world-wide technological experiments provide new and still untapped tools for future developers. The article analyzes the current situation of recent decade in the Western world regarding the use of three dimensional (3D) press in relation to the living environment. The study highlights emerging trends and new opportunities for creativity for architects and designers. From printing complex geometrical structures to practical application in product design. The research analyzes the research of different authors, and some significant technological innovations. All this makes it possible to concentrate and effectively evaluate the direction of the development of this industry and the expected result for the future development of architecture in contemporary digital age. Since 3D printing in architecture and landscape design is not yet widely used, the article discusses the most recent experiments conducted by various researchers in recent years, reflecting the trends of the fourth industrial revolution and which can influence further architectural development. The research methodology is based on historical research, analogical descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the research suggest that, as the 3d printing technology grows and develops, architecture and the design of the environment will acquire a wider variety of artistic expression.

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Pessoa, Sofia, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "The 3D printing challenge in buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 19005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017219005.

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The rising awareness and usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM), a methodology that allows for better information management and communication amongst the several stakeholders of a building project, opened the construction sector's door to digital fabrication tools that for years have been applied in many highly productive industries. 3D printing (3DP), unlike the conventional construction process that showed no signs of progress over the past decades, has already proven to be an interesting technology for Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC), enabling important economic, environmental and constructability advantages, such as a reduction in building time and waste, mass customization and complex architectural shapes. Consequently, universities alongside companies worldwide, are now developing and applying 3DP to building construction. However, with the growing adoption of new technologies in AEC, new challenges arise that must be overcome in order to guarantee the buildings' correct performance. Therefore, this paper presents a literature review conducted to highlight new developments regarding the building physics and comfort of additively manufactured structures. The research revealed that the focus so far was guaranteeing printability, structural soundness, safety and durability, which means that there are still key requirements to be met, including fire resistance and adequate hygrothermal and acoustic behaviour.

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Alforova, Zoya, Oksana Lahoda, Vladyslava Hurdina, Liudmyla Lytvyniuk, and Rostyslav Kupchyk. "Analysis of modern approaches to the application of 3D technologies in architecture and design." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 52 (May 29, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.52.04.11.

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Relevance. The dynamic development of modern architecture and design implies continuous improvement of processes aimed at optimizing not only the design, but also the construction of various objects directly. Today, the most effective method of this optimization is the active use of advanced 3D technologies that allow you to bring visual, structural, engineering and technical solutions to a qualitatively new level. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern approaches to the application of 3D technologies in architecture and design. The objectives of the article are to analyze key trends, study the disadvantages and advantages of selected 3D printing technologies, as well as identify areas with high potential for implementing various types of architectural objects created on new-generation three-dimensional printers. Research methods include generalization, classification, systematization and analysis of the theory of formation of new architectural trends..Results. The article discusses various technologies and technical means, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as analyzes the key areas of application of 3D printers in the implementation of various architectural structures. Prospects for the development of highly efficient technology for the construction of buildings and structures are determined. The principles of operation of 3D printers are described. Conclusions. Three-dimensional printing technologies are used in global architectural practice for various functions of buildings, from public housing to restoration work, for modern and future architectural needs. Analysis of the international practice of creating architectural objects using 3D printers leads to the following conclusions: the technology of manufacturing buildings and structures has critical advantages, but also certain disadvantages. The prospects for further research are to conduct an empirical analysis of the use of 3D technologies in architecture and design.

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Žujović, Maša, Radojko Obradović, Ivana Rakonjac, and Jelena Milošević. "3D Printing Technologies in Architectural Design and Construction: A Systematic Literature Review." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091319.

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The proliferation of digital technologies considerably changed the field of architecture. Digital fabrication pushes architecture into an unexpected new domain of previously unachievable complexity, detail, and materiality. Understanding these technologies’ impact can help direct future research, innovate design and construction processes, and improve the education of future professionals. However, comprehensive reviews offering a holistic perspective on the effects of 3D printing technologies on architecture are limited. Therefore, this study aims to provide a systematic review of state-of-the-art research on 3D printing technologies in architectural design and construction. The review was performed using three major databases, and selected peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last ten-year period were included in quantitative and qualitative analyses. Using bibliometric analysis, the research progress is summarized through the identified trend of the annual number of articles, prominent authors and co-authorship network, and key topics in the literature organized in three clusters. Further, content analysis of selected articles enabled coding cluster themes. Moreover, the analysis differentiated two categories of 3D printing technologies based on the scale of the system, elaborating their peculiarities in terms of materials, methods, and applications. Finally, challenges and promising directions for future work and research challenges are discussed.

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Nasir, Osama, Mohd Faiz Iqbal, and Mohammad Arif Kamal. "An Appraisal of 3D Printing Technology in Interior Architecture and Product Design." Architecture Engineering and Science 3, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/aes.v3i3.1009.

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Printing technology evolves at a quick pace, and what was once only capable of printing two-dimensional objects is now capable of producing true three-dimensional objects. Three-dimensional printing, often known as 3D printing, allows you to create a work of art quickly, easily, and in great detail. 3D printers can create a wide range of objects, including statues, automobile components, toys, shoes, furniture, clothing, weaponry, human body parts, and more, and their printing capabilities will only improve in the future. This type of technology must be presented to students in a formal and creative manner in their creation activities in order to develop them to be creative thinkers who can use technology as a medium to fulfil their creativity. The technology of 3D printing can influence creativity, resulting in the realisation of ideas inside the design creation process without having to go through the lengthy design process. The purpose of this research paper is to see how creative products can be designed while using technology. The systematic literature review has been explored through internet and secondary data from relevant published academic literature from journals articles and research papers. The case study method is used to identify extensive information through an in-depth analysis of existing cases in Interior and product design.

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Zhang, Longyu, Haiwei Dong, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik. "From 3D Sensing to Printing." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 12, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818710.

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Qu, Y. F., J. H. Ma, Y. Q. He, L. Zhang, F. C. Ren, and B. Li. "3D printing-directed flexible strain sensors of accordion-like architecture to achieve ultrastretchability with the assist of ultrasonic cavitation treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2085, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2085/1/012042.

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Abstract A new class of accordion-like cellular architecture with sinusoidal struts is designed to enhance the planar stretchability of cellular solids, aiming to fabricate flexible strain sensors with ultrastretchability. The combination manufacturing process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique and ultrasonic cavitation-enabled treatment was introduced into the fabrication of flexible strain sensors made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) architecture made of TPU was firstly 3D-printed by FDM. The ultrasonic cavitation treatment was then conducted on the soft auxetic structure immersing in CNTs liquid, aiming to embed the CNTs into the surface layer of the flexible TPU substrate with NPR configurations. Instead of 3D printing the TPU matrix composite after hybridization inside the matrix material, the hybrid manufacturing procedure can ensure that the intrinsic excellent mechanical properties of TPU are not embrittled. Besides, the sinusoidal struts in accordion-like cellular architectures offer a design route to extend the material property chart to achieve ultrahigh stretchability in lightweight 3D printable flexible polymers for the applications that require combined stretchability, lightweight, and energy absorption such as soft robotics, stretchable electronics, and wearable protection shields.

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Ulrikh, E. V., and V. V. Verkhoturov. "Features of food design on a 3D printer. A review." Food systems 5, no. 2 (July 11, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2022-5-2-100-106.

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3D printing technology attracts considerable attention due to its versatility and possibility of using in different industries such as the aerospace industry, electronics, architecture, medicine and food industry. In the food industry, this innovative technology is called food design. 3D printing is a technology of additive manufacturing, which can help the food industry in the development of new and more complex food products and potentially help manufacture products adapted to specific needs. As a technology that create foods layer by layer, 3D printing can present a new methodology for creating realistic food textures by precise placement of structuring elements in foods, food printing from several materials and design of complex internal structures. In addition to appearance and taste, food consistency is an important factor of acceptability for consumers. The elderly and people with dysphagia not infrequently suffer from undernutrition due to visual or textual unattractiveness of foods. The aim of this review is to study the available literature on 3D printing and assess recent developments in food design technologies. This review considers available studies on 3D food printing and recent developments in food texture design. Advantages and limitations of 3D printing in the food industry, possibilities of printing based on materials and consistency based on models as well as future trends in 3D printing including technologies of food preparation by printing on food printers are discussed. In addition, key problems that prevent mass introduction of 3D printing are examined in detail.

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Liu, Chen-Guang, Yu-Ting Zeng, Ranjith Kankala, Shan-Shan Zhang, Ai-Zheng Chen, and Shi-Bin Wang. "Characterization and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of 3D-Printed Porous Scaffolds for Engineering Bone Tissues." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101832.

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Some basic requirements of bone tissue engineering include cells derived from bone tissues, three-dimensional (3D) scaffold materials, and osteogenic factors. In this framework, the critical architecture of the scaffolds plays a crucial role to support and assist the adhesion of the cells, and the subsequent tissue repairs. However, numerous traditional methods suffer from certain drawbacks, such as multi-step preparation, poor reproducibility, high complexity, difficulty in controlling the porous architectures, the shape of the scaffolds, and the existence of solvent residue, which limits their applicability. In this work, we fabricated innovative poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous scaffolds, using 3D-printing technology, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional approaches. In addition, the printing parameters were critically optimized for obtaining scaffolds with normal morphology, appropriate porous architectures, and sufficient mechanical properties, for the accommodation of the bone cells. Various evaluation studies, including the exploration of mechanical properties (compressive strength and yield stress) for different thicknesses, and change of structure (printing angle) and porosity, were performed. Particularly, the degradation rate of the 3D scaffolds, printed in the optimized conditions, in the presence of hydrolytic, as well as enzymatic conditions were investigated. Their assessments were evaluated using the thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These porous scaffolds, with their biocompatibility, biodegradation ability, and mechanical properties, have enabled the embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1), to adhere and proliferate in the porous architectures, with increasing time. The generation of highly porous 3D scaffolds, based on 3D printing technology, and their critical evaluation, through various investigations, may undoubtedly provide a reference for further investigations and guide critical optimization of scaffold fabrication, for tissue regeneration.

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Puzatova, Anastasia, Pshtiwan Shakor, Vittoria Laghi, and Maria Dmitrieva. "Large-Scale 3D Printing for Construction Application by Means of Robotic Arm and Gantry 3D Printer: A Review." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12112023.

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Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming more popular in various industries, including the construction industry. Currently, construction 3D printing is sufficiently well studied from an academic point of view, leading towards the transition from experimental to mass large-scale construction. Most questions arise about the applicability of construction 3D printers for printing entire buildings and structures. This paper provides an overview of the different types of construction 3D printing technologies currently in use, and their fundamental differences, as well as some significant data on the advantages of using these advanced technologies in construction. A description of the requirements for composite printing is also provided, with possible issues that may arise when switching from lab-scale construction printing to mass large-scale printing. All printers using additive manufacturing technologies for construction are divided into three types: robotic arm printers, portal-type printers, and gantry 3D printers. It is noted that gantry printers are more suitable for large-scale printing since some of their configurations have the ability to construct buildings that are practically unlimited in size. In addition, all printers are not capable of printing with concrete containing a coarse aggregate, which is a necessary requirement in terms of the strength and economic feasibility of 3D printing material for large-scale applications.

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Son, Soomin, Pil-Hoon Jung, Jaemin Park, Dongwoo Chae, Daihong Huh, Minseop Byun, Sucheol Ju, and Heon Lee. "Customizable 3D-printed architecture with ZnO-based hierarchical structures for enhanced photocatalytic performance." Nanoscale 10, no. 46 (2018): 21696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06788k.

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ZnO-based hierarchical structures including nanoparticles (NPs), nanorods (NRs), and nanoflowers (NFs) on 3D-printed backbones were effectively fabricated via the combination of FDM 3D-printing technique and hydrothermal reaction.

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SHAHZAD, Qamar, Muhammad UMAİR, and Saad WAQAR. "Bibliographic analysis on 3D printing in the building and construction industry: Printing systems, material properties, challenges, and future trends." Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 198–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1143239.

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In recent years, significant advancements in the development of large-scale 3D printers and construction materials have been made to meet the demand for industrial scale 3D printing construction. It is significant to construct the buildings and structural components by using 3D concrete printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) main benefits are freedom of design, construction waste reduction, mass customization, and ability to manufacture the complex structures. The major issues including the optimization of printing material which possess the suitable properties for 3D concrete printing. However, this technology towards the green building construction seems to improve the conventional methods by reducing the requirement of human resource, high investment cost, and formworks. The research community's interest in 3D printing for architecture and construction has grown significantly over the last few years. This paper review the latest trend of research and state of the art technologies in 3D printing in building and construction by analyzing the publications from 2002 to 2022. Based on aforementioned analysis of publications, printing methods, concrete printing systems and influence of constituent’s materials and chemical admixtures on concrete material properties are briefly discussed. Finally, this paper discussed the challenges and limitations of current systems, as well as potential future work to improve their capability and print quality.

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Peng, Guanhong. "Digital Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of 3D-printing Concrete." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 10 (August 16, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v10i.1227.

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3d printed concrete technology is a hot research topic in the field of architecture. Printed by layers, the concrete could be stacked accurately in the shape which is digitally designed on computer programs. However, the conventional cement mortar is not suitable for 3D-printing, Because that its aggregate ingredients may cause the cracks in the process of printing. Moreover, the buildability and rheological properties of conventional mortar cannot reach the requirements of 3D-ptinting concrete technology. Ultra-high performance concrete is a developing category of material used in concrete structures and it is considered to be one of the most appropriate printing materials. As the popularization of computer technology, it is a necessary task to research on the digital construction way of concrete structures. And 3D-printing concrete technology combines the popular topics above together. This study mainly introduces the fabrication process of ultra-high performance concrete and digital printing process of 3D-printing concrete, and the mechanical properties of printed specimens are studied by the experimental results.

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Kumari, Gourvi, Kumar Abhishek, Sneha Singh, Afzal Hussain, Mohammad A. Altamimi, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Thomas J. Webster, and Abhimanyu Dev. "A voyage from 3D to 4D printing in nanomedicine and healthcare: part I." Nanomedicine 17, no. 4 (February 2022): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0285.

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The transition from 3D to 4D printing has revolutionized various domains of healthcare, pharmaceuticals, design and architecture, and coating processes. The evolution from 3D printing to 4D printing has added a fourth dimension as a time-dependent response. This review discusses the significance, demands, various types of smart materials/biomaterials, as well as bioinks and printers used in 4D printing technology. This review also provides insights into the limitations of the bioprinting process and bioinks used in various bioprinting technologies and the challenges that come with these limitations. A brief discussion on the future potential of the fundamentals and capabilities of 4D printing is also discussed.

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Nesic, Dobrila, Birgit M. Schaefer, Yue Sun, Nikola Saulacic, and Irena Sailer. "3D Printing Approach in Dentistry: The Future for Personalized Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072238.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows the production of an individualized 3D object based on a material of choice, a specific computer-aided design and precise manufacturing. Developments in digital technology, smart biomaterials and advanced cell culturing, combined with 3D printing, provide promising grounds for patient-tailored treatments. In dentistry, the “digital workflow” comprising intraoral scanning for data acquisition, object design and 3D printing, is already in use for manufacturing of surgical guides, dental models and reconstructions. 3D printing, however, remains un-investigated for oral mucosa/gingiva. This scoping literature review provides an overview of the 3D printing technology and its applications in regenerative medicine to then describe 3D printing in dentistry for the production of surgical guides, educational models and the biological reconstructions of periodontal tissues from laboratory to a clinical case. The biomaterials suitable for oral soft tissues printing are outlined. The current treatments and their limitations for oral soft tissue regeneration are presented, including “off the shelf” products and the blood concentrate (PRF). Finally, tissue engineered gingival equivalents are described as the basis for future 3D-printed oral soft tissue constructs. The existing knowledge exploring different approaches could be applied to produce patient-tailored 3D-printed oral soft tissue graft with an appropriate inner architecture and outer shape, leading to a functional as well as aesthetically satisfying outcome.

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Rider, Patrick, Željka Kačarević, Said Alkildani, Sujith Retnasingh, Reinhard Schnettler, and Mike Barbeck. "Additive Manufacturing for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Perspective for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113308.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become an important tool in the field of tissue engineering and its further development will lead to completely new clinical possibilities. The ability to create tissue scaffolds with controllable characteristics, such as internal architecture, porosity, and interconnectivity make it highly desirable in comparison to conventional techniques, which lack a defined structure and repeatability between scaffolds. Furthermore, 3D printing allows for the production of scaffolds with patient-specific dimensions using computer-aided design. The availability of commercially available 3D printed permanent implants is on the rise; however, there are yet to be any commercially available biodegradable/bioresorbable devices. This review will compare the main 3D printing techniques of: stereolithography; selective laser sintering; powder bed inkjet printing and extrusion printing; for the fabrication of biodegradable/bioresorbable bone tissue scaffolds; and, discuss their potential for dental applications, specifically augmentation of the alveolar ridge.

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Zhang, Dianjin, Dekai Zhou, Guangyu Zhang, Guangbin Shao, and Longqiu Li. "3D printing lunar architecture with a novel cable-driven printer." Acta Astronautica 189 (December 2021): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.034.

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Li, Zhengning, Ge Chen, Haichen Lyu, Chenwang Yuan, and Frank Ko. "Structural Characterization of Hexagonal Braiding Architecture Aided by 3D Printing." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815308004.

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Hexagonal braiding method has the advantages of high shape compatibility, interlacing density and high volume fraction. Based on hexagonal braiding method, a hexagonal preform was braided. Then, by following the characteristics of repeatability and concentricity of hexagonal braided preform, the printed geometry structure was got in order to understand and optimize geometric structure to make it more compact like the braided geometric structure. Finally, the unit cells were defined with hexagonal prism to analyze the micro-geometric structure of hexagonal braided preform.

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Leach, Neil. "Size Matters: Why Architecture is the Future of 3D Printing." Architectural Design 87, no. 6 (November 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.2241.

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Baskakova, Kseniya I., Alexander V. Okotrub, Lyubov G. Bulusheva, and Olga V. Sedelnikova. "Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotube-Polystyrene Filament for 3D Printing: Nanoparticle Dispersion and Electromagnetic Properties." Nanomanufacturing 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing2040017.

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3D printing is a promising technology for creating polymer objects of a given architecture with specified functional properties. In fact, the choice of filaments for 3D printing is quite limited. Here, we report a process for producing polystyrene filaments with 0.0025–2 wt.% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by extruding crushed polystyrene composites. The resulting filaments are characterized by a high uniformity of filler distribution and the absence of air pores. Comparison of microscopy data and electromagnetic properties of base composites and composite materials printed from filaments showed that extrusion and printing improve SWCNT dispersion. The proposed method can be used to create filaments for 3D printing of objects from various base polymers containing functional fillers up to the electrical percolation threshold and above.

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Cao, Xiangpeng, Shiheng Yu, Hongzhi Cui, and Zongjin Li. "3D Printing Devices and Reinforcing Techniques for Extruded Cement-Based Materials: A Review." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040453.

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The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for cement-based materials has been actively investigated and utilized in civil engineering. However, there is no systematic review of the fabricating devices. This paper reviews the software and hardware for extrusion-based 3D concrete printing. Firstly, a dedicated tool path generating software is urgently needed to meet the cementitious printing applications and to improve printing quality with toolpath optimizations. Secondly, the existing printing equipment was summarized and discussed, concluding the pros and cons of various 3D motion systems, material systems, and nozzle units. Suitable choices for scientific research and engineering applications were recommended. The reinforcing techniques were categorized and concluded with the existing drawbacks and the research trend. A hybrid manufacturing system of 3D printing and the reinforcing technique was then proposed with a system diagram and flowchart.

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Alboro, Ruevan Evangelista. "Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Architecture Study 3: Assessment of the Viability of using 3d printing for the Design and Prototyping of Historical Artifacts as Replicas." Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (November 6, 2022): 0220201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/asset.v4i2.13004.

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3D printing is now being used in many different applications. Souvenir items and replicas of artifacts, which usually do not need to have high durability/strength, may be one of the possible applications of 3d printing. In this study, the researchers tried to manufacture keychains, refrigerator magnets, and display items from historical artifacts in the province of Bataan. Three experts (1 from the tourism industry, 1 BS Tourism Faculty, and 1 expert in 3d printing) were tapped to assess the viability of using 3d printing in the production of souvenir items. The items were particularly evaluated based on their quality, color, surface finish, cost, durability, authenticity, material, etc. Important considerations were obtained from 3d printing as well as from the insights/evaluation provided by the experts. Experts suggested modifying the thickness, color, and materials for added appeal. Reducing the price might also increase the market for souvenir items. Adding labels and descriptions has also been recommended. All these improvements will inspire different emotions, create impact and make the design more memorable.

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Mirza, Mohd A., and Zeenat Iqbal. "3D Printing in Pharmaceuticals: Regulatory Perspective." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 42 (March 20, 2019): 5081–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666181130163027.

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Background: The last few decades have witnessed enormous advancements in the field of Pharmaceutical drug, design and delivery. One of the recent developments is the advent of 3DP technology. It has earlier been successfully employed in fields like aerospace, architecture, tissue engineering, biomedical research, medical device and others, has recently forayed into the pharmaceutical industry.Commonly understood as an additive manufacturing technology, 3DP aims at delivering customized drug products and is the most acceptable form of“personalized medicine”. Methods: Data bases and search engines of regulatory agencies like USFDA and EMA have been searched thoroughly for relevant guidelines and approved products. Other portals like PubMed and Google Scholar were also ferreted for any relevant repository of publications are referred to wherever required. Results: So far only one pharmaceutical product has been approved in this category by USFDA and stringent regulatory agencies are working over the drafting of guidelines and technical issues. Major research of this category belongs to the academic domain. Conclusion: It is also implicit to such new technologies that there would be numerous challenges and doubts before these are accepted as safe and efficacious. The situation demands concerted and cautious efforts to bring in foolproof regulatory guidelines which would ultimately lead to the success of this revolutionary technology.

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Stanton, M. M., C. Trichet-Paredes, and S. Sánchez. "Applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing for microswimmers and bio-hybrid robotics." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 7 (2015): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc90019k.

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Menon, Ankitha, Abdullah Khan, Neethu T. M. Balakrishnan, Prasanth Raghavan, Carlos A. Leon y Leon, Haris Ali Khan, M. J. Jabeen Fatima, and Peter Samora Owuor. "Advances in 3D Printing for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems." Journal of Material Science and Technology Research 8 (November 30, 2021): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.7.

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In the current scenario, energy generation is relied on the portable gadgets with more efficiency paving a way for new versatile and smart techniques for device fabrication. 3D printing is one of the most adaptable fabrication techniques based on designed architecture. The fabrication of 3D printed energy storage devices minimizes the manual labor enhancing the perfection of fabrication and reducing the risk of hazards. The perfection in fabrication technique enhances the performance of the device. The idea has been built upon by industry as well as academic research to print a variety of battery components such as cathode, anode, separator, etc. The main attraction of 3D printing is its cost-efficiency. There are tremendous savings in not having to manufacture battery cells separately and then assemble them into modules. This review highlights recent and important advances made in 3D printing of energy storage devices. The present review explains the common 3D printing techniques that have been used for the printing of electrode materials, separators, battery casings, etc. Also highlights the challenges present in the technique during the energy storage device fabrication in order to overcome the same to develop the process of 3D printing of the batteries to have comparable performance to, or even better performance than, conventional batteries.

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Hu, Hao, Xiaoxiao Cao, Tao Zhang, Zhenfu Chen, and Jinliang Xie. "Three-Dimensional Printing Materials for Cultural Innovation Products of Historical Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050624.

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Innovation products from historical cultural architectural have widely adopted 3D printing technology in recent years. To study the applicability of existing 3D printing materials, it is necessary to analyze the performance indicators of 3D printing materials and carry out material science experiments. Step 1: the material performance index composition of cultural innovation products was derived by integrating the literature of cultural heritage, product design, quality system, and material science. Step 2: The columns of Chengs’ Miyake in Huizhou were taken as the creative source. Its geometric shape model was obtained through 3D scanning, and the design of the cultural innovation products was completed. Step 3: Photosensitive resin, nylon, and stainless steel, three commonly used 3D printing materials, were used to make samples, with one sample of each material. Finally, we carried out material science tests according to the material performance index. The experimental data of three materials were obtained and compared. The properties of the three 3D printing materials, photosensitive resin, nylon, and stainless steel, have advantages and disadvantages. Still, they all struggle to meet the needs of cultural and creative products in historical buildings. It is necessary to integrate the three materials’ properties to develop new 3D printing materials.

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Wang, Zhuoyue, Hanwen Liu, Fengjuan Chen, and Qiangqiang Zhang. "A three-dimensional printed biomimetic hierarchical graphene architecture for high-efficiency solar steam-generation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 37 (2020): 19387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06797k.

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Rist, Ulrich, Yannic Sterzl, and Wilhelm Pfleging. "3D Printing of Silicon-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012427mtgabs.

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In order to meet the target for the next generation lithium-ion batteries, electrochemical performance such as energy and power density must be increased significantly at the same time. Optimized electrode architectures including 3D battery concepts and advanced materials are in development to achieve this goal. The use of silicon-graphite composite electrodes instead of graphite anodes is currently investigated. This is due to the fact that silicon can provide almost one order of magnitude higher specific energy density (3579 mAh/g) in comparison to natural graphite (330 - 372 mAh/g). However, during lithiation, i.e., lithium silicide formation, a volume expansion of about 300 % can take place, while during lithium intercalation in graphite about 10 % volume expansion can be observed. A huge volume expansion leads to a tremendous mechanical degradation of the anode resulting in a drop in capacity, and a limited battery lifetime. In the presented study, laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) is applied as printing technology to develop sophisticated graphite and graphite-silicon electrode architectures with advanced electrochemical performances. LIFT was performed using a pulsed nanosecond UV laser with a repetition rate of up to 30 kHz and a maximal power of 10 W. To enable an accurate printing process during LIFT, the properties and compositions of the active material inks as well as the laser and process parameters have to be optimized. The printing process in combination with laser structuring provides a high flexibility regarding the final electrode design. In the presented study, the formation of multi-layer electrodes with spatial variation in electrode composition is achieved. As active materials silicon nanoparticles (SNPs) and various types of graphite, i.e., natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and artificial flake-like graphite with an average particle diameter of 1 µm up to 15 µm are utilized. The geometry and thickness of each printed layer is adapted with regard to an optimized electrochemical performance and cell lifetime. A single layer thickness of 5 µm up to 20 µm was achieved, while areal capacities of multi-layer anodes reaches values of 2 to 4 mAh/cm². In addition to the applied active materials and architecture concepts, different solvent and binder systems are investigated with regard to process scalability and an improved environmental compatibility. The printed electrodes are electrochemically characterized by rate capability measurements at C-rates of up to 5C. A correlation between capacity retention and electrode architecture is achieved. The results are discussed in terms of upscaling and impact on the next generation anode material.

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Chang, Shuai, Xiaolei Huang, Chun Yee Aaron Ong, Liping Zhao, Liqun Li, Xuesen Wang, and Jun Ding. "High loading accessible active sites via designable 3D-printed metal architecture towards promoting electrocatalytic performance." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 31 (2019): 18338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05161a.

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Khlytsov, N. V., V. V. Bachinsky, O. M. Shkurpit, and O. I. Kondratenko. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PROPERTIES OF A PRINTED PRODUCT USING A 3D PRINTER." Modern construction and architecture, no. 1 (September 29, 2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2786-6696-2022-1-77-84.

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The article provides an analysis of the use of materials to produce construction products developed using additive technologies. The material samples specified in the article have the prospect of becoming advanced in the modern production of construction products. The main factors that affect the properties of printed material using a 3D printer are also determined. Today, the production of materials for the manufacture of various architectural structures is developing rapidly, becoming more technological, the volume of production is increasing, the accuracy and quality of the production of parts is increasing, and the costs are reduced. The use of a 3D printer is clearly demonstrated in the optimization of the production of architectural structures. In the case of the usual method of production, their cost and complexity are quite high. The introduction of a 3D printer makes it possible to significantly improve the design and structure of products by improving the structure and consumption of materials. The conducted research revealed a whole range of issues and problems related to the need to improve the 3D printing process, organization, and management of printing of complex construction products, which would allow effective use of the latest additive 3D printing technologies in modern construction. The properties of the main materials for 3D printing, which are used in the FDM technology of obtaining the product, have been experimentally determined. The procedure for calculating the performance of the extruder and the main problems during printing are determined. As a result of the conducted research, it is possible to assert that by basic factors which influence on property of the printed material is a percent of the internal filling is a that thickness of wall of good. Studies have shown that the use of additive technologies in the production of construction products at the current stage will provide an opportunity to combine the latest scientific developments in the fields of engineering, technology, materials science, architecture, design and construction.

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Raheem, Ansheed A., Pearlin Hameed, Ruban Whenish, Renold S. Elsen, Aswin G, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth, and Geetha Manivasagam. "A Review on Development of Bio-Inspired Implants Using 3D Printing." Biomimetics 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6040065.

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Biomimetics is an emerging field of science that adapts the working principles from nature to fine-tune the engineering design aspects to mimic biological structure and functions. The application mainly focuses on the development of medical implants for hard and soft tissue replacements. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is an established processing norm with a superior resolution and control over process parameters than conventional methods and has allowed the incessant amalgamation of biomimetics into material manufacturing, thereby improving the adaptation of biomaterials and implants into the human body. The conventional manufacturing practices had design restrictions that prevented mimicking the natural architecture of human tissues into material manufacturing. However, with additive manufacturing, the material construction happens layer-by-layer over multiple axes simultaneously, thus enabling finer control over material placement, thereby overcoming the design challenge that prevented developing complex human architectures. This review substantiates the dexterity of additive manufacturing in utilizing biomimetics to 3D print ceramic, polymer, and metal implants with excellent resemblance to natural tissue. It also cites some clinical references of experimental and commercial approaches employing biomimetic 3D printing of implants.

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Troemner, Matthew, Elham Ramyar, Jonathan Meehan, Benton Johnson, Nima Goudarzi, and Gianluca Cusatis. "A 3D-Printing Centered Approach to Mars Habitat Architecture and Fabrication." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 35, no. 1 (January 2022): 04021109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001359.

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Müller, Marcel, and Elmar Wings. "An Architecture for Hybrid Manufacturing Combining 3D Printing and CNC Machining." International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2016 (October 9, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8609108.

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Additive manufacturing is one of the key technologies of the 21st century. Additive manufacturing processes are often combined with subtractive manufacturing processes to create hybrid manufacturing because it is useful for manufacturing complex parts, for example, 3D printed sensor systems. Currently, several CNC machines are required for hybrid manufacturing: one machine is required for additive manufacturing and one is required for subtractive manufacturing. Disadvantages of conventional hybrid manufacturing methods are presented. Hybrid manufacturing with one CNC machine offers many advantages. It enables manufacturing of parts with higher accuracy, less production time, and lower costs. Using the example of fused layer modeling (FLM), we present a general approach for the integration of additive manufacturing processes into a numerical control for machine tools. The resulting CNC architecture is presented and its functionality is demonstrated. Its application is beyond the scope of this paper.

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Yaman, Ulas, Nabeel Butt, Elisha Sacks, and Christoph Hoffmann. "Slice coherence in a query-based architecture for 3D heterogeneous printing." Computer-Aided Design 75-76 (June 2016): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2016.02.005.

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Sullivan, Kyle T., Cheng Zhu, Eric B. Duoss, Alexander E. Gash, David B. Kolesky, Joshua D. Kuntz, Jennifer A. Lewis, and Christopher M. Spadaccini. "3D Printing: Controlling Material Reactivity Using Architecture (Adv. Mater. 10/2016)." Advanced Materials 28, no. 10 (March 2016): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201670063.

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Mazlan, Mohammad Azeeb, Mohamad Azizi Anas, Nor Aiman Nor Izmin, and Abdul Halim Abdullah. "Effects of Infill Density, Wall Perimeter and Layer Height in Fabricating 3D Printing Products." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020695.

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Three-dimensional printing is widely used in many fields, including engineering, architecture and even medical purposes. The focus of the study is to obtain the ideal weight-to-performance ratio for making a 3D-printed part. The end products of the 3D-printed part are hugely affected by not only the material but also the printing parameters. The printing parameters to be highlighted for this study are the infill density, wall perimeter and layer height, which are the commonly adjusted parameters in 3D printing. The study will be divided into two parts, the simulation analysis and the experimental analysis, to confirm both results toward the trend of Young’s modulus for the material. It will then be analyzed and discussed toward any differences between the two results. The results showed that increasing the value of all three parameters will increase the tensile elasticity of the part.

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Dinc, Niyazi Ulas, Demetri Psaltis, and Daniel Brunner. "Optical neural networks: The 3D connection." Photoniques, no. 104 (September 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202010434.

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We motivate a canonical strategy for integrating photonic neural networks (NN) by leveraging 3D printing. Our belief is that a NN’s parallel and dense connectivity is not scalable without 3D integration. 3D additive fabrication complemented with photonic signal transduction can dramatically augment the current capabilities of 2D CMOS and integrated photonics. Here we review some of our recent advances made towards such an architecture.

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Wu, Shi Lin, and Xiang Yan Liu. "VC and ACIS/HOOPS Based Semi-Physical Virtual Prototype Design and Motion Simulation of 3D Printer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.267.

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3D Printing is a widely used manufacturing method whose processing speed is very fast. This method is suitable for a variety of complex geometric structure in many application fields, and supports a variety of material types. At present, 3D printer is not only used in manufacturing, but also began to be used in education, architecture, design industries and so on. However, at home, there are less 3D printer manufacturers most of which are universities and research institutions, and price of 3D printer is relatively expensive. After analyzing how 3D printer works, this paper built 3D model of 3D printer and achieved printing simulation of STL model using two PCs basing on VC++ and ACIS/HOOPS. Two PCs communicate with each other through serial ports. One PC serves as host computer, on which controlling software runs, is responsible for loading the STL model, data processing, generating and sending printing commands and data to 3D printer. The other serves as slave computer, on which 3D printer simulation software runs, is responsible for receiving motion commands to control 3D printer to finish corresponding movements. Real-time rendering of 3D printer and human-computer interaction are achieved using rendering engine HOOPS. This method proposed in this paper adopted semi-physical virtual prototype technology, used real STL model to control virtual 3D printer to simulate 3D printing. It has no need for real 3D printer and is of important practical significance for debugging software of 3D printer.

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Journal articles on the topic '3D printing architecture'

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