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Journal articles on the topic '3D printed high heels'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Naseri, Emad, Christopher Cartmell, Matthew Saab, Russell G. Kerr, and Ali Ahmadi. "Development of 3D Printed Drug-Eluting Scaffolds for Preventing Piercing Infection." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090901.

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Herein, novel drug-eluting, bio-absorbable scaffold intended to cover piercing studs is introduced. This “biopierce” will stay in human tissue following piercing, and will slowly release an antimicrobial agent to prevent infection while the wound heals. Nearly 20% of all piercings lead to local infection. Therefore, it is imperative to develop alternative methods of piercing aftercare to prevent infection. Biopierces were made using mupirocin loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) biomaterial ink, and a low-temperature 3D printing technique was used to fabricate the biopierces. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to confirm the complete removal of the solvent, and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used to confirm the structural integrity of mupirocin and to quantify the amount of the released drug over time. The efficacy of the biopierces against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common piercing-site pathogens, was confirmed over two weeks using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

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2

Fink, S., U. Fuhrmann, C. Lange, R. Mueller, and V. Zwecker. "3D Printed Cryogenic High Voltage Devices." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 3 (April 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2015.2512234.

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Liu, Dapeng, Chaoji Chen, Yubing Zhou, Yinhua Bao, Ruiliu Wang, Yu Liu, Shuaiming He, et al. "3D‐Printed, High‐Porosity, High‐Strength Graphite Aerogel." Small Methods 5, no. 7 (June 16, 2021): 2001188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202001188.

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4

Gao, Hongwei, George F. R. Chen, Peng Xing, Ju Won Choi, Hong Yee Low, and Dawn T. H. Tan. "High‐Resolution 3D Printed Photonic Waveguide Devices." Advanced Optical Materials 8, no. 18 (July 12, 2020): 2000613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000613.

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Han, Guebum, Kanav Khosla, Kieran T. Smith, Xia Ouyang, Jiyong Lee, John C. Bischof, and Michael C. Mcalpine. "3D printed organisms for high-throughput cryopreservation." Cryobiology 109 (December 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.144.

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6

Abdalla, Aya, and Bhavik Anil Patel. "3D Printed Electrochemical Sensors." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 14, no. 1 (June 5, 2021): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-091120-093659.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a novel approach in the development of electrochemical sensors. This approach to fabrication has provided a tremendous opportunity to make complex geometries of electrodes at high precision. The most widely used approach for fabrication is fused deposition modeling; however, other approaches facilitate making smaller geometries or expanding the range of materials that can be printed. The generation of complete analytical devices, such as electrochemical flow cells, provides an example of the array of analytical tools that can be developed. This review highlights the fabrication, design, preparation, and applications of 3D printed electrochemical sensors. Such developments have begun to highlight the vast potential that 3D printed electrochemical sensors can have compared to other strategies in sensor development.

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Hassan, Md Sahid, Kazi Md Masum Billah, Samuel Ernesto Hall, Sergio Sepulveda, Jaime Eduardo Regis, Cory Marquez, Sergio Cordova, et al. "Selective Laser Sintering of High-Temperature Thermoset Polymer." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020041.

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Thermoplastic materials such as PA12 and PA6 have been extensively employed in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printing applications due to their printability, processability, and crystalline structure. However, thermoplastic-based materials lack polymer inter-chain bonding, resulting in inferior mechanical and thermal properties and relatively low fatigue behavior. Therefore, 3D printing of high-performance crosslinked thermosets using SLS technology is paramount to pursue as an alternative to thermoplastics. In this work, a thermoset resin was successfully 3D printed using SLS, and its thermal stability of printed parts after a multi-step post-curing process was investigated. Dimensionally stable and high glass transition temperature (Tg: ~300 °C) thermoset parts were fabricated using SLS. The polymer crosslinking mechanism during the printing and curing process was investigated through FTIR spectra, while the mechanical stability of the SLS 3D-printed thermoset was characterized through compression tests. It is found that 100% crosslinked thermoset can be 3D printed with 900% higher compressive strength than printed green parts.

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Behzadnezhad, Bahareh, Bruce D. Collick, Nader Behdad, and Alan B. McMillan. "Dielectric properties of 3D-printed materials for anatomy specific 3D-printed MRI coils." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 289 (April 2018): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2018.02.013.

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Dul, Sithiprumnea, Luca Fambri, and Alessandro Pegoretti. "High-Performance Polyamide/Carbon Fiber Composites for Fused Filament Fabrication: Mechanical and Functional Performances." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 30, no. 7 (April 19, 2021): 5066–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05635-1.

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AbstractThis study is focused on the 3D printing by fused filament fabrication (FFF) process of short carbon-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA) composites. In particular, the effect of short carbon fiber (CF) on the mechanical, electrical and piezoresistivity properties of 3D-printed polyamide (PA) composite parts has been analyzed. In comparison with neat PA, the results revealed that the carbon fibers effectively improved all assessed mechanical properties of PA/CF composites. In particular, in XY build orientation, PA/CF 3D-printed composites exhibited a tensile strength of 96 MPa and a tensile modulus of 7.9 GPa, with an increment of + 34 and + 147%, respectively, when compared to the neat PA. Interlayer strength of 3D-printed PA and PA/CF composites reaches similar values, in the range 26-28 MPa. The impact strength of 3D-printed XY parts was reduced by the presence of CF. However, the fracture toughness of PA/CF composite 3D-printed parts was slightly higher in comparison with that of neat PA. Electrical resistivity of PA/CF 3D-printed parts is gradually decreasing from 1.7 × 104 to 0.7 × 104 Ω cm in the temperature range from − 16 to 100 °C. The piezoresistivity tests revealed that an exponential resistance change occurs for both compression-molded and 3D-printed PA/CF samples once strained in tension. A gauge factor of 3D-printed parts of about 65 ± 5 was determined from cyclic strains in the elastic region.

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MacDonald, Eric, Ryan Wicker, David Espalin, Andy Kwas, and Peter Ruby Craig Kief. "3D Printing of High Voltage Printed Wiring Boards." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 000542–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-ta34.

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In the last decade, research has focused on 3D printing for not only creating conceptual models but functional end-use products as well. As patents for 3D printing expire, new low cost desktop systems are being adopted more widely. This trend is leading to products being fabricated locally and improving supply chain logistics. However, currently low cost 3D printing is limited in the number of materials used simultaneously in fabrication and consequently is confined to fabricating enclosures and conceptual models. For additively manufactured end-use products to be useful, supplementary features and functionalities will need to be incorporated in to the final structures in terms of electronic, electromechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, and optical content. The University of Texas at El Paso has recently been reporting on embedding electronic components and electrical interconnect into 3D printed structures either by interrupting the process or by inserting the additional content after the structure has been built. However, only until recently and with an investment from the presidential initiative on Additive Manufacturing “America Makes” has there been a concentrated research focus on developing technology that produces multi-functionality. This presentation will describe a project in which copper wires were used to supply a short burst of energy at high voltages in order to activate electro-propulsion. Pulsed Plasma Thursters provided by Busek were demonstrated where one joule of energy was supplied at 2000 volts in order to ablate the thruster in a vacuum and provide precise micro-newton-levels of force - as required for attitude control in small and nano satellites.

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11

Nikolaou, Panayiotis, Aaron M. Coffey, Laura L. Walkup, Brogan M. Gust, Cristen D. LaPierre, Edward Koehnemann, Michael J. Barlow, Matthew S. Rosen, Boyd M. Goodson, and Eduard Y. Chekmenev. "A 3D-Printed High Power Nuclear Spin Polarizer." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 4 (January 21, 2014): 1636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja412093d.

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Taylor, Anthony P., and Luis F. Velásquez–García. "High-temperature compatible, monolithic, 3D-printed magnetic actuators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1052 (July 2018): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1052/1/012046.

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13

Donaldson, Laurie. "High-intensity ultrasound helps strengthen 3D printed alloys." Materials Today 34 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2020.02.014.

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14

Yuan, Shangqin, Chee Kai Chua, and Kun Zhou. "3D-Printed Mechanical Metamaterials with High Energy Absorption." Advanced Materials Technologies 4, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 1800419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800419.

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15

Rahman, Md Taibur, Russell Moser, Hussein M. Zbib, C. V. Ramana, and Rahul Panat. "3D printed high performance strain sensors for high temperature applications." Journal of Applied Physics 123, no. 2 (January 14, 2018): 024501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999076.

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16

Zhang, Han, Long Huang, Mingyue Tan, Shaoqing Zhao, Hua Liu, Zifeng Lu, Jinhuan Li, and Zhongzhu Liang. "Overview of 3D-Printed Silica Glass." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010081.

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Not satisfied with the current stage of the extensive research on 3D printing technology for polymers and metals, researchers are searching for more innovative 3D printing technologies for glass fabrication in what has become the latest trend of interest. The traditional glass manufacturing process requires complex high-temperature melting and casting processes, which presents a great challenge to the fabrication of arbitrarily complex glass devices. The emergence of 3D printing technology provides a good solution. This paper reviews the recent advances in glass 3D printing, describes the history and development of related technologies, and lists popular applications of 3D printing for glass preparation. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of various processing methods, summarizes the problems encountered in the process of technology application, and proposes the corresponding solutions to select the most appropriate preparation method in practical applications. The application of additive manufacturing in glass fabrication is in its infancy but has great potential. Based on this view, the methods for glass preparation with 3D printing technology are expected to achieve both high-speed and high-precision fabrication.

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17

Mao, Yunhe, Yang Xiong, Qi Li, Gang Chen, Weili Fu, Xin Tang, Luxi Yang, and Jian Li. "3D-Printed Patient-Specific Instrumentation Technique Vs. Conventional Technique in Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Prospective Comparative Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1923172.

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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and clinical outcomes of the medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) using a three-dimensional (3D-) printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) with that of conventional surgical techniques. Methods. A prospective comparative study which included 18 patients who underwent MOWHTO using 3D-printed PSI technique (3D-printed group) and 19 patients with conventional technique was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. After the preoperative planning, 3D-printed PSI (cutting guide model) was used in MOWHTO for 3D-printed group, while freehand osteotomies were adopted in the conventional group. The accuracy of MOWHTO for each method was compared using the radiological index obtained preoperatively and postoperatively, including mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA) and medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and correction error. Regular clinical outcomes were also compared between the 2 groups. Results. The correction errors in the 3D-printed group were significantly lower than the conventional group (mFTA, 0.2 ° ± 0.6 ° vs. 1.2 ° ± 1.4 ° , P = 0.004 ) (mMPTA, 0.1 ° ± 0.4 ° vs. 2.2 ° ± 1.8 ° , P < 0.00001 ). There was a significantly shorter duration ( P < 0.00001 ) and lower radiation exposures ( P < 0.00001 ) for the osteotomy procedure in the 3D-printed group than in the conventional group. There were significantly higher subjective IKDC scores ( P = 0.009 ) and Lysholm scores ( P = 0.03 ) in the 3D-printed group at the 3-month follow-up, but not significantly different at other time points. Fewer complications occurred in the 3D-printed group. Conclusions. With the assistance of the 3D-printed patient-specific cutting guide model, a safe and feasible MOWHTO can be conducted with superior accuracy than the conventional technique.

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Eickenscheidt, Max, Michael Langenmair, Ahmad Dbouk, Dorit Nötzel, Thomas Hanemann, and Thomas Stieglitz. "3D-Printed Hermetic Alumina Housings." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010200.

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Ceramics are repeatedly investigated as packaging materials because of their gas tightness, e.g., as hermetic implantable housing. Recent advances also make it possible to print the established aluminum oxide in a Fused Filament Fabrication process, creating new possibilities for manufacturing personalized devices with complex shapes. This study was able to achieve integration of channels with a diameter of 500 µm (pre-sintered) with a nozzle size of 250 µm (layer thickness 100 µm) and even closed hemispheres were printed without support structures. During sintering, the weight-bearing feedstock shrinks by 16.7%, resulting in a relative material density of 96.6%. The well-known challenges of the technology such as surface roughness (Ra = 15–20 µm) and integrated cavities remain. However, it could be shown that the hollow structures in bulk do not represent a mechanical weak point and that the material can be gas-tight (<10−12 mbar s−1). For verification, a volume-free helium leak test device was developed and validated. Finally, platinum coatings with high adhesion examined the functionalization of the ceramic. All the prerequisites for hermetic housings with integrated metal structures are given, with a new level of complexity of ceramic shapes available.

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19

Yin, Xiaohong, Xiaodong Wang, Yuan Fang, and Zhu Ding. "Influence of curing age on high-temperature properties of additive manufactured geopolymer mortar." E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021803019.

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Some researches have been conducted on the application of geopolymer in 3D printing. However, there is no publication about the high-temperature properties of 3D printed geopolymer made from fly ash, slag, and metakaolin. This paper presents the experimental research on the mechanical properties of 3D printed geopolymer after being exposed to elevated empratures. The effects of curing age on high-temperature properties are analyzed. The heating temperasures were 300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C, and the holding time was one hour. After exposure to temperatures, the flexural strength of 3D printed geopolymer exhibited different change trends with increasing curing age for different exposure temperatures. Before and after exposure to elevated temperature, the 3D printed geopolymer experienced significant anisotropic compressive strengths. The change trends of compressive strength at different exposure temperatures wit hincreasing curing ages were different from each other on different loading directions.

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Chitariu, Dragoş-Florin, and Adriana Munteanu. "Research on 3D printed fixture components." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817802008.

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Fixtures are used for orientation, positioning and tightening of the workpiece during machining, control and assembly. The main fixture requirements are: orientation, positioning and tightening precision in accordance with the machining requirements. The materials used for fixture components, especially, supports and clamping mechanism are, usually, alloy steel with HRC hardness up to 55-60 HRC. These components are machined to high level of precision thus assuring the overall precision of the fixture. In order to achieve high stiffness and a good dampening capacity the fixture become, usually, very heavy. In the case of manually operated fixtures light weight is an advantage; also there are operations such as inspection, assembly where the operating forces are low. In this case lightweight materials can be used for fixture construction. In this paper the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printing technology is used. Support buttons and v-block fixture components were selected and 3D printed. The effect of printing orientation of active surfaces of support was analysed. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness on the active surface were measured. Experimental results indicate that surface roughness is dependent on the orientation of the printed workpiece.

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Poyanco, Jose-Manuel, Francisco Pizarro, and Eva Rajo-Iglesias. "3D-Printing for Transformation Optics in Electromagnetic High-Frequency Lens Applications." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122700.

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This article presents the design, construction and analysis of a 3D-printed transformed hyperbolic flat lens working on the 30 GHz band. The transformed lens was printed using only one ABS dielectric filament of relative permittivity of 12, varying the infill percentage of each transformed lens section in order to achieve the permittivity values obtained with the transformation optics. The 3D-printed hyperbolic transformed lens exhibits good radiation performance compared to the original canonical lens.

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22

Hong, Min-Ho, Bong Min, and Tea-Yub Kwon. "Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications." Applied Sciences 7, no. 7 (July 10, 2017): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7070710.

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23

Strakosova, Angelina, Dalibor Vojtech, and Drahomír Dvorský. "Heat Treatment of High-Strength 3D-Printed Maraging Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 403 (September 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.403.67.

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Maraging steels are interesting for research after heat treatment, from which name is derived "maraging" – martensite-aging. After solution annealing and precipitation hardening the X3NiMoCoTi 18-9-5 alloy has excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength reaches up to 2000 MPa and hardness is 50-55 HRC), it is ductile and well weldable. The advantage of these materials is the possibility to be manufactured not only by conventional methods but also by modern additive manufacturing (AM) methods. One of which is selective laser melting (SLM). In this paper, the influence of heat treatment on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the 3D-printed X3NiMoCoTi 18-9-5 maraging steel is investigated.

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Gong, Hua, Adam T. Woolley, and Gregory P. Nordin. "High density 3D printed microfluidic valves, pumps, and multiplexers." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 13 (2016): 2450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00565a.

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We demonstrate that a custom resin with the right optical properties enables a digital light processor stereolithographic (DLP-SLA) 3D printer to fabricate microfluidic devices with densely integrated active elements in a 3D layout.

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Jian, Jin Rong, Taeil Kim, Jae Sung Park, Jiacheng Wang, and Woo Soo Kim. "High performance 3D printed electronics using electroless plated copper." AIP Advances 7, no. 3 (March 2017): 035314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4979173.

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26

Bohr, Adam, Johan Boetker, Yingya Wang, Henrik Jensen, Jukka Rantanen, and Moritz Beck-Broichsitter. "High-Throughput Fabrication of Nanocomplexes Using 3D-Printed Micromixers." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 106, no. 3 (March 2017): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.027.

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27

Ware, Henry Oliver T., Adam C. Farsheed, Banu Akar, Chongwen Duan, Xiangfan Chen, Guillermo Ameer, and Cheng Sun. "High-speed on-demand 3D printed bioresorbable vascular scaffolds." Materials Today Chemistry 7 (March 2018): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2017.10.002.

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28

Manapat, Jill Z., Joey Dacula Mangadlao, Brylee David Buada Tiu, Grace C. Tritchler, and Rigoberto C. Advincula. "High-Strength Stereolithographic 3D Printed Nanocomposites: Graphene Oxide Metastability." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 11 (March 10, 2017): 10085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16174.

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Spano, Michael B., Brandan H. Tran, Sudipta Majumdar, and Gregory A. Weiss. "3D-Printed Labware for High-Throughput Immobilization of Enzymes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 85, no. 13 (June 5, 2020): 8480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c00789.

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30

Mendes, Diogo, David Sousa, Ana C. Cerdeira, Laura C. J. Pereira, Ana Marques, João Murta-Pina, Anabela Pronto, and Isabel Ferreira. "Low-cost and high-performance 3D printed YBCO superconductors." Ceramics International 47, no. 1 (January 2021): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.143.

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Bone, Jennifer M., Christopher M. Childs, Aditya Menon, Barnabás Póczos, Adam W. Feinberg, Philip R. LeDuc, and Newell R. Washburn. "Hierarchical Machine Learning for High-Fidelity 3D Printed Biopolymers." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 6, no. 12 (November 20, 2020): 7021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00755.

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So, Kwok, Kwai Luk, Chi Chan, and Ka Chan. "3D Printed High Gain Complementary Dipole/Slot Antenna Array." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081410.

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By employing the complementary dipole antenna concept to the normal waveguide fed slot radiator, an improved antenna element with wide impedance bandwidth and symmetrical radiation patterns is developed. This is achieved by mounting two additional metallic cuboids on the top of the slot radiator, which is equivalent to adding an electric dipole on top of the magnetic dipole due to the slot radiator. Then, a high-gain antenna array was designed based on the improved element and fabricated, using 3D printing technology, with stable frequency characteristics operated at around 28 GHz. This was followed by metallization via electroplating. Analytical results agree well with the experimental results. The measured operating frequency range for the reflection coefficient ≤−15 dB is from 25.7 GHz to 29.8 GHz; its corresponding fractional impedance bandwidth is 14.8%. The measured gain is approximately 32 dBi, with the 3 dB beamwidth around 4°.

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Tridas, Eric Miguel, Christopher Allemang, Fabian Mast, J. Mark Anthony, and Rudiger Schlaf. "High transmission 3D printed flex-PCB-based ion funnel." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 50, no. 7 (June 8, 2015): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.3606.

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Huang, Wenhua, Caine Finnerty, Rebecca Sharp, Kang Wang, and Brandon Balili. "High-Performance 3D Printed Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Advanced Materials Technologies 2, no. 4 (February 13, 2017): 1600258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201600258.

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Chen, He, Xiaodan Miao, Hongguang Lu, Shihai Liu, and Zhuoqing Yang. "High-Efficiency 3D-Printed Three-Chamber Electromagnetic Peristaltic Micropump." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020257.

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This paper describes the design and characteristics of a three-chamber electromagnetic-driven peristaltic micropump based on 3D-printing technology. The micropump is composed of an NdFeB permanent magnet, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a 3D-printing pump body, bolts, electromagnets and a cantilever valve. Through simulation analysis and experiments using a single chamber and three chambers, valved and valveless, as well as different starting modes, the results were optimized. Finally, it is concluded that the performance of the three-chamber valved model is optimal under synchronous starting conditions. The measurement results show that the maximum output flow and back pressure of the 5 V, 0.3 A drive source are 2407.2 μL/min and 1127 Pa, respectively. The maximum specific flow and back pressure of the micropump system are 534.9 μL/min∙W and 250.4 Pa/W, respectively.

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Abdallah, Yomna K., and Alberto T. Estévez. "3D-Printed Biodigital Clay Bricks." Biomimetics 6, no. 4 (October 7, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6040059.

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Construction materials and techniques have witnessed major advancements due to the application of digital tools in the design and fabrication processes, leading to a wide array of possibilities, especially in additive digital manufacturing tools and 3D printing techniques, scales, and materials. However, possibilities carry responsibilities with them and raise the question of the sustainability of 3D printing applications in the built environment in terms of material consumption and construction processes: how should one use digital design and 3D printing to achieve minimum material use, minimum production processes, and optimized application in the built environment? In this work, we propose an optimized formal design of “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” to achieve sustainability in the use of materials. These were achieved by using a bottom-up methodology of biolearning to extract the formal grammar of the bricks that is suitable for their various applications in the built environment as building units, thereby realizing the concept of formal physiology, as well as employing the concept of fractality or pixilation by using 3D printing to create the bricks as building units on an architectural scale. This enables the adoption of this method as an alternative construction procedure instead of conventional clay brick and full-scale 3D printing of architecture on a wider and more democratic scale, avoiding the high costs of 3D printing machines and lengthy processes of the one-step, 3D-printed, full-scale architecture, while also guaranteeing minimum material consumption and maximum forma–function coherency. The “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” were developed using Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D + Plugins (Anemone and Kangaroo) and were 3D printed in clay.

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Shetty, Sandeep, Nandish B. T., Vivek Amin, Pooja Harish, Stanly Selva Kumar, and Shahira. "Evaluation of 3D printed PEEK and other 3D printed biocompatible materials as healthcare devices." Biomedicine 42, no. 5 (November 14, 2022): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i5.1959.

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Introduction and Aim: Additive manufacturing has sought a widespread attention and higher rate of development which can also be modeled by processing of the data acquired by medical Computer Tomography scan. The object is built on a built plate of the printer in layers to form a final required model. Thus, a patient-specific model can be created from imaging data set. Materials available for such printing are elastomers, polymers, metals, or ceramics. The polymer, Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been used in health care applications, such as medical devices, and implants due to its high strength, biocompatibility, and light weight. Stainless steel (316L) is commonly used due to its strength, bio-tolerance, corrosion resistance and its formability. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical strength and biocompatibility of medical grade PEEK and stainless steel. Material and Methods: The test sample of PEEK was prepared using unreinforced PEEK (450G-Victrex Plc., Lancashire, UK) at the Prototyping Lab with a 3D-Printer - INTAMSYS - FUNMAT HT. Samples of stainless steel was printed using the iFusion SF1 Metal 3D Printer using Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) technology. The mechanical tests such as compressive, impact, and tensile tests were performed using an electromechanical universal testing machine (UTM) model- Zwick/Roell Z020 with a 20kN load cell. Biocompatibility tests were done using L929 cells to assess the cytotoxicity of the dental materials. Results: The tensile strength of PEEK polymer was 70+1.6 and the impact strength of PEEK polymer was 289 J/m. Conclusion: The tensile strength of stainless steel was higher compared to that of PEEK polymer, and the impact strength of PEEK polymer higher compared to stainless steel. Thus, it can be concluded that both biomaterial such as 316L stainless steel and PEEK are non-toxic to fibroblast.

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Abdallah, Ali, Manfred Pauritsch, Christian Gasser, Florian Stangl, Matthias Primas, and Udo Traussnigg. "3D Printed Capacitive Fluid Level Sensor." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 21, 2018): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130861.

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A three dimensional, additively manufactured interdigital capacitive sensor for fluid level measurement applications is introduced. The device was fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM) process and an off the shelf conductive filament with a volume resistivity ρ = 0.6 Ω cm. The 3D fabrication process allows great flexibility in terms of sensor ̇ design and an increase of the surface area between the electrodes, compensating the relatively large plate separation and yielding a high sensitivity to increasing fluid levels. The measurements presented in this abstract show the average increase of capacitance in response to an incrementally increasing volume of de-ionized water (DI-water) filled between the separate digits.

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Chowdhury, Maqsud R., James Steffes, Bryan D. Huey, and Jeffrey R. McCutcheon. "3D printed polyamide membranes for desalination." Science 361, no. 6403 (August 16, 2018): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2122.

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Polyamide thickness and roughness have been identified as critical properties that affect thin-film composite membrane performance for reverse osmosis. Conventional formation methodologies lack the ability to control these properties independently with high resolution or precision. An additive approach is presented that uses electrospraying to deposit monomers directly onto a substrate, where they react to form polyamide. The small droplet size coupled with low monomer concentrations result in polyamide films that are smoother and thinner than conventional polyamides, while the additive nature of the approach allows for control of thickness and roughness. Polyamide films are formed with a thickness that is controllable down to 4-nanometer increments and a roughness as low as 2 nanometers while still exhibiting good permselectivity relative to a commercial benchmarking membrane.

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Tuazon, Brian Jumaquio, Michaela Tayag Espino, and John Ryan Cortez Dizon. "Investigation on the Effects of Acetone Vapor-Polishing to Fracture Behavior of ABS Printed Materials at Different Operating Temperature." Materials Science Forum 1005 (August 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1005.141.

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology is one of most common technique used in 3D printing as of today for several reasons such as it is low cost and high speed printing capacity. However, common characteristic of FDM 3D printed materials are poor layer adhesion strength and rough surface finish which requires post-processing to improve it. Heat treatment and vapor-polishing are post-processing techniques used to address the poor layer adhesion and rough surface finish of 3D printed materials, respectively. This study will combine these two post-processing techniques and investigate its effect on the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials. The present study describes the effect of acetone vapor-polishing to facture behavior of ABS 3D printed material at higher operating temperatures. The study will compare the fracture behavior of ABS 3D-printed material when polished using acetone vapor bath and tested at high operating temperature to unpolished material. Five replications for each test condition were conducted. All experiment was carried out using ASTM Izod Type E tests with a 2.75J pendulum. The results showed that acetone vapor polishing strongly affects the fracture behavior of ABS 3D printed materials when operating at high temperature.

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Choo, Sangmin, SungGiu Jin, and JaeHwan Jung. "Fabricating High-Resolution and High-Dimensional Microneedle Mold through the Resolution Improvement of Stereolithography 3D Printing." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040766.

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Microneedles are transdermal drug delivery tools that can be fabricated simply, economically, and rapidly using SLA 3D printing. However, SLA 3D printing has a limitation in that the resolution is slightly lowered when the microneedle is precisely printed. To solve this issue, we optimized the SLA 3D printing conditions such as printing angle, needle height, aspect ratio, and spacing between the microneedles for high-resolution microneedle fabrication. The sharpest microneedle tip was obtained when the printing angle was adjusted to 60° in both the x and y axes. The aspect ratio and the spacing between the microneedles did not affect the output of the sharp tip. Under optimal conditions, the microneedles with 1180 ± 20 µm height, 490 ± 20 µm base, and 30.2 ± 3.4 µm tip diameter were obtained. The dissolving microneedle patch, prepared using the 3D printed microneedle as a mold, penetrated the porcine skin ex vivo. When the printing angle was 60° in the x and y axes, the area of the single stacking layer, including the microneedle tip, increased, and thus the sharp tip could be printed. A high-dimensional, side-notched arrowhead (SNA) microneedle was fabricated by applying the SLA 3D printing condition. Moreover, a letter-type microneedle patch was fabricated using the customized characteristics of 3D printing. Consequently, high-resolution and high-dimensional microneedles were successfully fabricated by adjusting the printing angle using a general SLA 3D printer, and this technology will be applied to the manufacture of drug delivery tools and various microstructures.

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Simonsen, Erik B., Morten B. Svendsen, Andreas Nørreslet, Henrik K. Baldvinsson, Thomas Heilskov-Hansen, Peter K. Larsen, Tine Alkjær, and Marius Henriksen. "Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.20.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance phase was doubled when walking on high heels. The knee joint angle showed that high-heeled walking caused the subjects to flex the knee joint significantly more in the first half of the stance phase. In the frontal plane a significant increase was observed in the knee joint abductor moment and the hip joint abductor moment. Several EMG parameters increased significantly when walking on high-heels. The results indicate a large increase in bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint directly caused by the increased knee joint extensor moment during high-heeled walking, which may explain the observed higher incidence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint in women as compared with men.

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Mohan, Denesh, Mohd Shaiful Sajab, Saiful Bahari Bakarudin, Rasidi Bin Roslan, and Hatika Kaco. "3D Printed Polyurethane Reinforced Graphene Nanoplatelets." Materials Science Forum 1025 (March 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1025.47.

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3D printing allows industries to scale the development from rapid prototyping to mass production in an easier manner. However, a typical photopolymers resin for stereolithography 3D printing possesses lower mechanical properties which incapable to meet certain industrial requirements for high impact applications. Hence, 0.1 to 2.0 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were incorporated into photo-curable polyurethane (PU) based resin through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing to evaluate its reinforcement effect. FTIR spectrum proves that significant characteristics of PU were still dominant upon the addition of GnP, indicating there was no chemical interaction between PU and GnP. The interfacial adhesion and the homogeneity of GnP in PU matrix were investigated through morphological analysis and the strength and stiffness of the 3D-printed composites. Results shows, tensile strength and Young’s Modulus of the PU/1%GnP composite had an increment of 21% and 24%, respectively when compared to neat PU resin. However, further increment of GnP reduced the mechanical properties because of interruption in UV curing during printing, hence leading to interfacial voids and defects on the printed specimens.

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Yin, Xiang-Yu, Yue Zhang, Xiaobing Cai, Qiuquan Guo, Jun Yang, and Zhong Lin Wang. "3D printing of ionic conductors for high-sensitivity wearable sensors." Materials Horizons 6, no. 4 (2019): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh01398e.

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Garcia, Rey Farly, and Alvin Chua. "HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 3D PRINTED INFILL BASED ON STRUT-BASED LATTICE STRUCTURE." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.17813.

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In an attempt to make Additive Manufacturing more material-efficient, researchers come across the idea of re-enforcing 3D printed objects by infill pattern modification. In line with this concept, this paper introduces a new innovative infill pattern inspired by a variety of strut-base lattice structures that is stronger and more material-efficient than conventional 3D printing infill. This research provides the design, analysis, and experimental results of the developed 3D printed infills, then compared with a benchmark infill. Three (3) strut-based lattice test samples, namely Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), Face-Centered Cubic (FCC), and Octet-Truss, were designed and 3D printed with an equal amount of material used, then undergo compressive test on Universal Testing Machine. Results showed that BCC, FCC, and Octet-truss infill pattern print has a compressive strength of 11.25 MPa, 8.47 MPa, 7.44 MPa consecutively, while benchmark infill has 9.73 MPa. This data proves that with the same amount of material consumed, the BCC lattice structure infill withstands a compressive load higher than the benchmark infill, which is offered in a 3D printing slicer.

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Utzeri, Mattia, Emanuele Farotti, Mattia Coccia, Edoardo Mancini, and Marco Sasso. "High strain rate compression behaviour of 3D printed Carbon-PA." Journal of Materials Research 36, no. 10 (May 27, 2021): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00248-9.

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Abstract In the last few years, Fused Filament Fabrication is growing in the industrial field for the manufacture of final products by using new materials with high mechanical performances. Among those, one of the strongest is Carbon-PA. This is a composite material made by Nylon thermoplastic matrix filled with short carbon fibers reinforces. The aim of this work is to investigate its mechanical properties in static and dynamic conditions. Cylindrical specimens were produced by extruding the material in the three main printing directions. Then, uniaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests have been performed to evaluate its strain rate sensitivity. Dynamic tests have been carried out through a direct Split Hopkinson Bar setup with a pulse-shaping technique. The results show a compression behaviour dependent on the printing direction and strain rate. The behaviour of Carbon-PA was different between static and dynamic condition, passing from ductile to brittle. Moreover, a tomography analysis was carried out on the samples to evaluate the voids distribution. Graphic abstract

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Tagliaferri, Stefano, Nagaraju Goli, Apostolos Panagiotopoulos, Mauro Och, Gang Cheng, and Cecilia Mattevi. "Pristine Graphene Inks for 3D Printed Supercapacitors with High Capacitance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 49 (October 19, 2021): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-02491472mtgabs.

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Craton, Michael, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali, Brian Wright, Kyoung Youl Park, Premjeet Chahal, and John Papapolymerou. "3D Printed Integrated Microfluidic Cooling for High Power RF Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-poster6_098.

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Abstract This paper presents the design and fabrication of microfluidic channel integration in a plastic substrate using 3D printing. The microfluidic channels are integrated along with a copper plate which the coolant is in direct contact with. To demonstrate the design, a diode intended for switched power supplies is integrated onto the copper plate and its performance characterized. 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) allows for fast prototyping of such package designs and can be readily adopted in the fabrication of RF circuits. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time will demonstrate a 3D printed integrated microfluidic channel for the cooling of electronic circuits. Details of design, fabrication and characterization are presented.

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Hu, Guohong, Fengli Huang, Chengli Tang, Jinmei Gu, Zhiheng Yu, and Yun Zhao. "High-Performance Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Printed with 3D Microstructures." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193417.

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Flexible pressure sensors have been widely used in health detection, robot sensing, and shape recognition. The micro-engineered design of the intermediate dielectric layer (IDL) has proven to be an effective way to optimize the performance of flexible pressure sensors. Nevertheless, the performance development of flexible pressure sensors is limited due to cost and process difficulty, prepared by inverted mold lithography. In this work, microstructured arrays printed by aerosol printing act as the IDL of the sensor. It is a facile way to prepare flexible pressure sensors with high performance, simplified processes, and reduced cost. Simultaneously, the effects of microstructure size, PDMS/MWCNTs film, microstructure height, and distance between the microstructures on the sensitivity and response time of the sensor are studied. When the microstructure size, height, and distance are 250 µm, 50 µm, and 400 µm, respectively, the sensor shows a sensitivity of 0.172 kPa−1 with a response time of 98.2 ms and a relaxation time of 111.4 ms. Studies have proven that the microstructured dielectric layer printed by aerosol printing could replace the inverted mold technology. Additionally, applications of the designed sensor are tested, such as the finger pressing test, elbow bending test, and human squatting test, which show good performance.

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Gong, Hua, Adam T. Woolley, and Gregory P. Nordin. "3D printed high density, reversible, chip-to-chip microfluidic interconnects." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 4 (2018): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01113j.

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