Relevant bibliographies by topics / 3D printed foam

Academic literature on the topic '3D printed foam'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "3D printed foam"

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Chen, Qiyi, Jiayu Zhao, Jingbo Ren, Lihan Rong, Peng‐Fei Cao, and Rigoberto C. Advincula. "3D Printed Multifunctional, Hyperelastic Silicone Rubber Foam." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 23 (April 4, 2019): 1900469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900469.

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Bharath, H. S., Akshay Sawardekar, Sunil Waddar, P. Jeyaraj, and Mrityunjay Doddamani. "Mechanical behavior of 3D printed syntactic foam composites." Composite Structures 254 (December 2020): 112832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112832.

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Lappan, Tobias, Alexander Franz, Holger Schwab, Uta Kühn, Sven Eckert, Kerstin Eckert, and Sascha Heitkam. "X-ray particle tracking velocimetry in liquid foam flow." Soft Matter 16, no. 8 (2020): 2093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02140j.

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Yan, Leilei, Keyu Zhu, Yunwei Zhang, Chun Zhang, and Xitao Zheng. "Effect of Absorbent Foam Filling on Mechanical Behaviors of 3D-Printed Honeycombs." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092059.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) hexagonal honeycomb structures were fabricated by using 3D-printing technology. By filling with absorbent polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam, a novel absorbent-foam-filled 3D-printed honeycomb was obtained. The in-plane (L- and W-direction) and out-of-plane (T-direction) compressive performances were studied experimentally and numerically. Due to absorbent PMI foam filling, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, energy absorption per unit volume, and energy absorption per unit mass of absorbent-foam-filled honeycomb under L-direction were increased by 296.34%, 168.75%, 505.57%, and 244.22%, respectively. Moreover, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, energy absorption per unit volume, and energy absorption per unit mass, under W-direction, also have increments of 211.65%, 179.85, 799.45%, and 413.02%, respectively. However, for out-of-plane compression, the compressive strength and energy absorption per unit volume were enhanced, but the density has also been increased; thus, it is not competitive in energy absorption per unit mass. Failure mechanism and dimension effects of absorbent-foam-filled honeycomb were also considered. The approach of absorbent foam filling made the 3D-printed honeycomb structure more competitive in electromagnetic wave stealth applications, while acting simultaneously as load-carrying structures.
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Pathipaka, Ranjith Kumar, Kiran Kumar Namala, Nagasrisaihari Sunkara, and Chennakesava Rao Bandaru. "Damage characterization of sandwich composites subjected to impact loading." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 7 (August 16, 2018): 2125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218792717.

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Advanced composite materials are usually optimized to achieve balance of properties for given range of applications. In recent times, researchers had worked on the sandwich composites by using different foam and metal honeycomb as a core material. In the current project, honeycomb core is prepared by using 3D printed technology. In this case of sandwich composites, cross-linked polyethylene foam and 3D-printed polylactic acid honeycomb as core and GFRP is used as face sheet. The comparison is made between polyethylene foam and 3D printed honeycomb core sandwich composite in the aspect of toughness, strength, and modulus. The present study is to characterize the damages in the sandwich structure for the amount of energy absorbed by the structures such as delamination, indentation, crushing of foams, and debonding of face sheets and core material subjected to free fall impact. The contact force versus time, contact force versus deflection of plates with respect to impact energy levels of 9.3, 16.5, and 25.7 J and impact energy versus time are determined. The current research helps in determination of core materials effecting/absorbing the damage and behavior of sandwich materials subjected to impact loads.
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Patil, Balu, B. R. Bharath Kumar, and Mrityunjay Doddamani. "Compressive behavior of fly ash based 3D printed syntactic foam composite." Materials Letters 254 (November 2019): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.07.080.

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Mustapha, Khairul Azhar, Fadhilah Shikh Anuar, and Fatimah Al-Zahrah Mohd Saat. "Prediction of Slip Velocity at the Interface of Open-Cell Metal Foam Using 3D Printed Foams." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040080.

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An open-cell metal foam gains a lot of interest from researchers due to its unique porous structure, which provides high surface area and good tortuosity, as well as being lightweight. However, the same structure also induces a massive pressure drop which requires an optimum design to suit applications, for example, a partially filled setup or staggered design. Thus, better attention to the slip velocity at the interface between the porous structure and non-porous region is required to maximize its potential, especially in thermal fluid applications. This study proposed a slip velocity model of an open-cell metal foam by using a reverse engineering method and 3D printing technology. A series of experiments and a dimensionless analysis using the Buckingham-Pi theorem were used to compute the slip velocity model. Results show that the pressure drop increases with decreasing pore size. However, the blockage ratio effects would be more significant on the pressure drop with foams of smaller pore sizes. The proposed slip velocity model for an open-cell metal foam agrees with the experimental data, where the predicted values fall within measurement uncertainty.
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Marquez-Montes, Raul A., Kenta Kawashima, Yoon Jun Son, Jason A. Weeks, H. Hohyun Sun, Hugo Celio, Víctor H. Ramos-Sánchez, and C. Buddie Mullins. "Mass transport-enhanced electrodeposition of Ni–S–P–O films on nickel foam for electrochemical water splitting." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 12 (2021): 7736–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12097a.

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McDonald-Wharry, John, Maedeh Amirpour, Kim L. Pickering, Mark Battley, and Yejun Fu. "Moisture sensitivity and compressive performance of 3D-printed cellulose-biopolyester foam lattices." Additive Manufacturing 40 (April 2021): 101918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.101918.

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Zhao, Jian, Amir Kordijazi, Colin Valensa, Hathibelagal Roshan, Yugg Kolhe, and Pradeep K. Rohatgi. "Behavior of Steel Foam Sandwich Members Cast with 3D Printed Sand Cores." JOM 74, no. 5 (January 31, 2022): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05157-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D printed foam"

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Lundström, Nils. "Tillverkning av mannekänghuvud i fiberkompositmed 3D-printad form." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230686.

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Syftet med detta projekt är att ta fram en väl fungerande metod för att tillverka en komplex form i fiberkomposit från en 3D-printad form. Formen som valts för att användas som modell är ett mannekänghuvud. Hela tillverkningsprocessen finns beskriven i denna rapport. I korthet kan tillverkningsprocessen delas upp i några olika steg. Först sker 3D-skanning av en modell för att erhålla ett punktmoln som kan användas för att designa en gjutform. Sedan följer 3D- printning av denna gjutform. Därefter behöver den 3D-printade formen ytbehandlas för att förbereda inför tillverkningen av en kompositdetalj. Val av släppmedel måste även ske för att kompositdetaljen skall kunna separeras från den 3D-printade formen. Sedan följer själva tillverkningen av en kompositdetalj där tre olika metoder beaktas; handlaminering, vakuuminjicering samt laminering med lågtemperatur-prepreg. Avslutningsvis skall den tillverkade detaljen efterbehandlas beroende på behov genom till exempel ytterligare ytbehandling eller målning. Alla kombinationer av möjligheter inom alla dessa steg i tillverkningen är för många för att kunna testas, men några utvalda experiment genomfördes med olika material, släppmedel, tillverkningsmetoder samt ytbehandlingar. Resultatet av undersökningen blev att en väl fungerande metod är att göra den 3D-printade gjutformen i PLA, slipa ytan slät, använda ett polyvinylalkoholbaserat släppmedel och tillverka kompositdetaljen med vinylester som resin genom vakuuminjicering. Arbetet inkluderar även förslag på förbättringar av tillverkningsprocessens olika steg.
The purpose of this project is to develop a well-functioning method for producing a complex form in fiber composite from a 3D-printed mold. The chosen shape to use as a model is a mannequin head. The entire manufacturing process is described in this report. In short, the manufacturing process can be divided into a few different steps. First, 3D scanning of a model takes place to obtain a dot cloud that can be used to design a cast mold with. Then, this mold was 3D printed. Furthermore, the 3D printed mold needs surface treatment to prepare for manufacture of a composite item. The choice of release agent must also be done to allow the composite to be separated from the 3D-printed mold. Then, the production of a composite component follows using these three methods; hand lamination, vacuum infusion and laminating with low temperature prepreg. Lastly, the manufactured item must be treated after being molded with for example additional surface treatment or painting. All combinations of possibilities in all of these stages of manufacturing are too many to be tested, but some selected experiments were performed with different materials, release agents, manufacturing methods and surface treatments. The result of this project is that a well-functioning method is to make the 3D printed mold in PLA, smooth the surface with sandpaper, use a polyvinyl alcohol-based release agent and make the composite particle with vinyl ester as resin by performing a vacuum infusion. The work also includes suggestions for improvements in the different steps of the manufacturing process.
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Pasaribu, Norman Mario, and 潘諾曼. "Real Form Creation of Mathematical Functions Via Software and 3D Printers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77095803437114000823.

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碩士
東海大學
應用數學系
104
This thesis studies on the processing of using 3D printers to generate the real 3D solid object corresponding to a given mathematical function. First of all, the surface object of the mathematical function should be generated by using commercial mathematical software like Mathematica, Maple, Matlab, or free mathematical modeling software such as MathMod, K3DSurf etc. Later on the object file is sent to the free software Blender or Netfabb for adding the thickness to the surface with output as a STL file. Finally, the specified 3D printer’s software reads in the STL file and drives the 3D printer to form the solid object. The possible difficulties during this procedure and efficiency comparison between mathematical software in generating the surface object are also clarified such that the interested person can get in very quickly. Keywords: Geometry, 3D modeling, mathematical functions, STL file format, solid object
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Book chapters on the topic "3D printed foam"

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Lu, Wei-Yang. "Compression and Shear Response of 3D Printed Foam Pads." In Mechanics of Additive and Advanced Manufacturing, Volume 8, 21–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95083-9_4.

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Mosse, A. F., and J. F. Bassereau. "Material probes into paper waste as a bacterially-induced and 3D printed foam: Combining biodesign and circular principles." In Structures and Architecture A Viable Urban Perspective?, 51–58. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023555-7.

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Alima, N., R. Snooks, and J. McCormack. "Bio Scaffolds." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 316–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_29.

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Abstract‘Bio Scaffolds’ explores a series of design tectonics that emerge from a co-creation between human, machine and natural intelligences. This research establishes an integral connection between form and materiality by enabling biological materials to become a co-creator within the design and fabrication process. In this research paper, we explore a hybrid between architectural aesthetics and biological agency by choreographing natural growth through form. ‘Bio Scaffolds’ explores a series of 3D printed biodegradable scaffolds that orchestrate both Mycelia growth and degradation through form. A robotic arm is introduced into the system that can respond to the organism’s natural behavior by injecting additional Mycelium culture into a series of sacrificial frameworks. Equipped with computer vision systems, feedback controls, scanning processes and a multi-functional end-effector, the machine tends to nature by reacting to its patterns of growth, moisture, and color variation. Using this cybernetic intelligence, developed between human, machine, and Mycelium, our intention is to generate unexpected structural and morphological forms that are represented via a series of 3D printed Mycelium enclosures. ‘Bio Scaffolds’ explores an interplay between biological and computational complexity through non anthropocentric micro habitats.
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Özdemir, E., L. Kiesewetter, K. Antorveza, T. Cheng, S. Leder, D. Wood, and A. Menges. "Towards Self-shaping Metamaterial Shells:." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 275–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_26.

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AbstractDouble curvature enables elegant and material-efficient shell structures, but their construction typically relies on heavy machining, manual labor, and the additional use of material wasted as one-off formwork. Using a material’s intrinsic properties for self-shaping is an energy and resource-efficient solution to this problem. This research presents a fabrication approach for self-shaping double-curved shell structures combining the hygroscopic shape-changing and scalability of wood actuators with the tunability of 3D-printed metamaterial patterning. Using hybrid robotic fabrication, components are additively manufactured flat and self-shape to a pre-programmed configuration through drying. A computational design workflow including a lattice and shell-based finite element model was developed for the design of the metamaterial pattern, actuator layout, and shape prediction. The workflow was tested through physical prototypes at centimeter and meter scales. The results show an architectural scale proof of concept for self-shaping double-curved shell structures as a resource-efficient physical form generation method.
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Flowers, Jim. "Using 3D Printers to Engage Students in Research." In Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives on 3D Printing in Education, 50–69. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7018-9.ch003.

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Is the primary purpose of a 3D printer to manufacture a product? Yes, but students and teachers can also use 3D printers to learn about and engage in research and experimentation. This could begin with product research and development, then expand to technical areas based on additive manufacturing technologies, the physical and mechanical properties of additive manufacturing materials, and the properties of 3D printed products. Student inquiry can take the form of formal or informal experimentation and observational studies. Although dedicated testing equipment can facilitate more demanding investigations, it is possible for quite a bit of experimentation to be done with little or no dedicated testing equipment. It is hoped that the reader will identify different educational experiences with experimentation that might fit their learners' needs and see 3D printers as tools for conducting and teaching about research, including product research and development and research into process engineering and materials.
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Sears, Victoria, and Jonathan Morris. "Anatomical Modeling at the Point of Care." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 390–401. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006896.

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Abstract Bridging the gap between education and medical practice, centralized hospital-based 3D printing, or what is termed point-of-care (POC) manufacturing, has been rapidly growing in the United States as well as internationally. This article provides insights into the considerations and the current workflow of creating 3D-printed anatomical models at the POC. Case studies are introduced to show the complex range of anatomical models that can be produced while also exploring how patient care benefits. It describes the advanced form of communication in medicine. The advantages as well as pitfalls of using the patient-specific 3D-printed models at the POC are addressed, demonstrating the fundamental knowledge needed to create 3D-printed anatomical models through POC manufacturing.
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Angelopoulos, Panagiotis, Efthalia Solomou, and Alexandros Balatsoukas. "The CCAP Project." In Research Anthology on Makerspaces and 3D Printing in Education, 305–37. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6295-9.ch016.

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The “CCAP” project is an effort to teach in an interdisciplinary way both the teaching subjects of History (the trip of Columbus to discover America) and Informatics (3D modelling and printing). Students of B grade from the Junior High School of Vrilissia (age 13), on a voluntarily basis, separated into groups of 4-6, have created in a 3D design environment instruments used by Columbus during its trip to America, astrolabes, compasses, caravels, etc., as were taught during the subject of History and according to the description of the instruments given by the school book and other resources. The instruments were eventually printed out using the 3D printer in the computer lab. Part of the program was supported through the school's curriculum hours, and part of the program had to be implemented out of school hours. After the completion of the project, students responded to a questionnaire prepared by the teachers in a Google form format. The most important results of this questionnaire are discussed in this work.
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Angelopoulos, Panagiotis, Efthalia Solomou, and Alexandros Balatsoukas. "The CCAP Project." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 392–424. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4576-8.ch016.

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The “CCAP” project is an effort to teach in an interdisciplinary way both the teaching subjects of History (the trip of Columbus to discover America) and Informatics (3D modelling and printing). Students of B grade from the Junior High School of Vrilissia (age 13), on a voluntarily basis, separated into groups of 4-6, have created in a 3D design environment instruments used by Columbus during its trip to America, astrolabes, compasses, caravels, etc., as were taught during the subject of History and according to the description of the instruments given by the school book and other resources. The instruments were eventually printed out using the 3D printer in the computer lab. Part of the program was supported through the school's curriculum hours, and part of the program had to be implemented out of school hours. After the completion of the project, students responded to a questionnaire prepared by the teachers in a Google form format. The most important results of this questionnaire are discussed in this work.
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Randermann, Marcel, Timo Hinrichs, and Roland Jochem. "Development of a Quality Gate Reference Model for FDM Processes." In Quality Control [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104176.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) enables industries to accomplish mass customization by creating complex products in small batches. For this purpose, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is widely used in 3D printing where the material is applied layer-by-layer from a digital model to form a three-dimensional object. There still exist problems in FDM processes regarding the failure rate of printed parts. Failures vary from deformed geometry, clogged nozzles, and dimensional inaccuracies to small parts not being printed that may be attributed to various process steps (e.g., poor quality CAD models, converting issues, overheating, poor quality filament, etc.). The majority of these defects are preventable and are caused by imprudent try-and-error print processes and troubleshooting quality control. The aim of this chapter is to propose a quality gate reference process with defined requirement criteria to prevent the occurrence of defects. The framework shall be applied in quality control and in-situ process monitoring to enhance overall manufacturing quality.
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Murphy, Caroline A., Cesar R. Alcala-Orozco, Alessia Longoni, Tim B. F. Woodfield, and Khoon S. Lim. "Vat Polymerization." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 39–47. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006882.

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Abstract Vat polymerization is a form of three-dimensional (3D) printing. Historically, it is the oldest additive manufacturing technique, with the development of stereolithography apparatus (SLA) by Charles Hull in 1986. This article outlines the various forms of vat polymerization techniques used for biomedical applications. Due to the complex nature of this printing process, many key print parameters and material properties need to be considered to ensure a successful print. These influential parameters are addressed throughout the article to inform the reader of the considerations that should be taken when using the vat polymerization technique. The article provides information on vat polymerization printer setup, the photo-cross-linking mechanism, and considerations using vat polymerization. In addition, it outlines and discusses the advancements of vat polymerization in the biomedical industry.
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Conference papers on the topic "3D printed foam"

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BHARATH, H. S., PAVANA PRABHAKAR, SUHASINI GURURAJA, and MRITYUNAJY DODDAMANI. "Compressive Behavior of 3D Printed Foam." In American Society for Composites 2020. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc35/34842.

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GE, CHANGFENG, DENIS CORMIER, and BRIAN RICE. "Damping and Cushioning Characteristics of a Polyjet 3D Printed Photopolymer Kelvin Foam." In The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/iapri2018/24376.

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Righetti, Giulia, Michele Calati, Claudio Zilio, and Simone Mancin. "Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Pressure Drops In A 3D Printed Foam." In The 7th World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icmfht22.179.

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TEWANI, H. R., DILEEP BONTHU, H. S. BHARATH, MRITYUNJAY DODDAMANI, and P. PRABHAKAR. "DYNAMIC IMPACT RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANELS WITH 3-D PRINTED POLYMER SYNTACTIC FOAM CORES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35799.

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Polymer-based syntactic foams find use in the marine industry as primary structural materials due to their inherent lightweight nature and enhanced mechanical properties relative to pure HDPE. 3-D printing these materials circumvents the use of joining assemblies, enabling the production of complex shapes as standalone structures. Although the quasi-static response of these 3D printed foams has been well studied independently in recent years, their dynamic impact resistance and tolerance as potential core material for sandwich panels have not been the focus. Moreover, 3D printing is known to impart directionality in the printed syntactic foams, which may introduce failure mechanisms typically not observed in molded foams. It is therefore important to investigate the mechanics of 3-D printed syntactic foam core composite sandwich structures under impact loading and characterize their failure mechanisms for establishing dynamic impact resistance. To this end, 3-D printed syntactic foams have been developed using rasters of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Glass MicroBalloon (GMB) fillers by adopting the Fused Raster Fabrication (FFF) technique. The current study is performed to assess the impact performance of these composite foam cores based on the volume fraction of fillers and print orientation. The weight percentage of GMB fillers in printed specimens ranges from 0% to 60% in increments of 20%. This study presents the impact response of these composite sandwich panels at different energy levels, in compliance with ASTM D7136/D7136M - 20. Observations suggest that an increase in GMB % in HDPE matrix improves the impact performance in terms of the peak load of the material, but the failure behavior becomes brittle to an extent. Observing the failed specimens under a Micro-CT scanner captures the failure morphologies and helps characterize failure processes during impact. It is noticed that core materials with higher GMB content are prone to individual raster breakage and delamination at the back face, in addition to debonding between individual rasters. Specimens printed along the longer dimension (y-direction) impart more warping in the final sandwich structures than that of specimens printed along the shorter dimension (x-direction). Therefore, they are more susceptible to delamination at the back face. Addition of GMB fillers mitigate the tendency of the sandwich panels to warp.
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Davis, Bruce A., Richard A. Hagen, Robert J. McCandless, Eric L. Christiansen, and Dana M. Lear. "Hypervelocity impact performance of 3D printed aluminum panels." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-055.

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Abstract NASA, JSC has been developing a light-weight, multi-functional sandwich core for habitable structure over the last several years. Typically honeycomb-based structures have been and still are a common structural component for many applications in the aerospace industry, unfortunately, honeycomb structures with an ordered, open path through the thickness have served to channel the micro-meteoroid or orbital debris into the pressure wall (instead of disassociating and decelerating). The development of a metallic open cell foam core has been explored to enhance the micro-meteoroid or orbital debris protection, which is heavier than comparable honeycomb-based structures when non-structural requirements for deep space environments (vacuum, micro-meteoroids/orbital debris, and radiation) have not been considered. While the metallic foam core represents a notable improvement in this area, there is an overwhelming need to further reduce the weight of space vehicles; especially when deep space (beyond low earth orbit, or LEO) is considered. NASA, JSC is currently developing a multi-functional sandwich panel using additive machining (3D printing), this effort evaluated the material response of a limited amount of 3D printed aluminum panels under hypervelocity impact conditions. The four 3D printed aluminum panels provided for this effort consisted of three body centric cubic lattice structure core and one kelvin cell structure core. Each panel was impacted once with nominally the same impact conditions (0.34cm diameter aluminum sphere impacting at 6.8 km/s at 0 degrees to surface normal). All tests were impacted successfully, with the aforementioned impact conditions. Each of the test panels maintained their structural integrity from the hypervelocity impact event with no damage present on the back side of the panel for any of the tests. These tests and future tests will be used to enhance development of 3D printed structural panels.
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Amin, Anish Ravindra, Yi-Tang Kao, Bruce L. Tai, and Jyhwen Wang. "Dynamic Response of 3D-Printed Bi-Material Structure Using Drop Weight Impact Test." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3061.

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Additive manufacturing has led to increasing number of applications that require complex geometries and multiple materials. This paper presented a bi-material structure (BMS) composed of a cushion matrix held by a 3D printed frame structure for an improved impact resistance. The study mainly focused on understanding the effects of structural topology and matrix material. Two matrix materials, silicone elastomer and polyurethane (PU) foam, were selected to impregnate into two different PLA frame structures. Drop weight impact test was carried out to measure the impact force and energy absorption. The results showed that the overall impact resistance was dominated by the frame, while the matrix reinforcement required proper structural interlocking mechanism and material matching. In the particular specimens of this study, PU foam led to more energy absorption and force bearing capacity of the structure than the silicone elastomer.
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TEWANI, H. R., MEGAN HINAUS, and PAVANA PRABHAKAR. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICS OF MULTISCALE ARCHITECTED FLEXIBLE SYNTACTIC FOAMS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36452.

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Polymer syntactic foam is a lightweight composite consisting of hollow particles, like Glass Micro-Balloons (GMBs) or cenospheres, reinforced in a continuous polymer matrix. Due to their inherent weight-saving characteristics and enhanced mechanical properties, these foams are attractive for use in aerospace and marine industries. Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have enabled the development of complex-shaped parts of syntactic foams and circumvents the need for advanced highcost equipment to produce these parts. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a widely adopted powder-based AM technique used to manufacture 3D parts by sintering polymer powder, and unlike other 3D printing methods, SLS does not require support structures. SLS has been reported to generate a segregated matrix system when used with Thermoplastic Urethane (TPU) in a standalone manner. However, the introduction of GMBs to this manufacturing method has thus far not been extensively studied. Consequently, the influence of GMB parameters on the mechanical response of syntactic foam with a segregated matrix is not fully understood. In this work, we use SLS to fabricate and further investigate the mechanical performance of segregated TPU matrix syntactic foam with different grades and volume fractions of (GMBs). We show for the first time that GMB size drives internal microscale architecture within syntactic foams that manifest as counterintuitive macroscale mechanical responses. That is, GMBs with a diameter larger than gaps between the cell walls of the segregated matrix get lodged between the cell walls while those smaller tend to get lodged inside the cell walls of the segregated matrix. Because of this, larger particles increase the stiffness of the syntactic foams while smaller ones do not contribute to this significantly. On the other hand, larger particles with their lower crushing strength reduce the densification stress of the foam, whereas the foam with smaller particles with higher crushing strength behaved similar to pure TPU but with significantly reduced weight. Overall, we show that coupling hollow particle parameters with print parameters can enable the fabrication of 3D printed syntactic foams with hierarchical tailored architectures and functional properties. These findings can be adapted to the development and design of cores for lightweight sandwich structures in the marine and aerospace industries.
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Lane, Kerry V., Nathan K. Yasuda, Michael E. Lo, Emily R. Mather, and Frank J. Shih. "Experimental Characterization of Low Velocity Impact Energy Dissipation in Sandwich Composites With Porous Cores With Tailored Structure and Morphology." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67901.

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The impact performance of several porous polymeric and metallic foam core sandwich composite systems were evaluated for their suitability for protecting vehicle occupants in the event of a low velocity impact. The material systems evaluated were glass/phenolic face sheets reinforced with Nomax honeycomb core, cross-ply carbon-fiber face sheets reinforced with aluminum honeycomb cores of different cell sizes, and aluminum metallic foam cores of different cell sizes. Lastly, an exploratory study using an extrusion type 3D-printed polystyrene foam structure that customized pore size, pore distribution were undertaken. The peak load and energy dissipation of the composite materials were experimentally measured. An instrumented large semispherical impactor (48 mm diameter) applied loads at constant strain rate on the order of 0.1 m/sec to a 50 mm × 50 mm coupon sized composite specimen with varying thicknesses. The impact damage to materials were also visually examined. The current material system used for some interior components (glass/phenolic face sheets reinforced with Nomax honeycomb core) reaches a maximum load in a small time duration and displacement, causing catastrophic local crushing and delamination events. It is expected that the failure can be spread out with these alternative material systems with varying pore size distribution so that the energy dissipation can be accomplished with a lower peak force to improve occupant safety.
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Emeigh, Carson, Haipeng Zhang, and Sangjin Ryu. "Fabrication of a Microfluidic Cell Compressor Using a 3D-Printed Mold." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87613.

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Abstract Microfluidic devices are used to apply mechanical stimuli, such as compressive force and flow shear force, to cells for mechanobiology studies. Previously, we developed a microfluidic cell compressor in which cells embedded in hydrogel scaffolds were compressed by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) balloons, which were expanded pneumatically, in proportion to the balloon diameter. The device consisted of two PDMS layers. The bottom layer contained channels connected to circular wells and was fabricated using SU-8 photoresist molds. The top layer was a thin PDMS membrane separately prepared by spin coating PDMS on a plastic film. The two layers were bonded together using plasma bonding to form PDMS balloons and pneumatic channels. Therefore, fabrication of the device involved multiple steps of photolithography and soft lithography. In this study, we have improved the fabrication method of the microfluidic cell compressor by printing a master mold using a commercial microfluidic 3D printer for more efficient and cost-effective fabrication with higher design flexibility. The new method is more efficient because it does not require separate preparation of PDMS layers, the mold fabrication can be completed quicker, and a photomask is not necessary. We found that proper printing, UV light exposure, cleaning, baking, and temperature control of the mold affected the ability of the 3D printed mold to cure PDMS. Also, multiple maintenance requirements of the 3D printer were found for curing PDMS on the printed mold. For example, the resin within the 3D printer must be free of debris, the resin in the printer must be stirred before printing to ensure homogeneity, and the light filtering elements of the printer must be clean. With proper methodology and maintenance, the printer can be used to fabricate the microfluidic cell compressor and similar high-quality microfluidic devices capable of performing laboratory experiments efficiently. Further developing a methodology of creating 3D printed microfluidic device molds would expand access to microfluidics.
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Abshirini, Mohammad, Mohammad Charara, Yingtao Liu, Mrinal C. Saha, and M. Cengiz Altan. "Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Nanocomposites With In-Situ Strain Sensing Capability." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86263.

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This paper presents the additive manufacturing of electrically conductive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites for in-situ strain sensing applications. A straight line of pristine PDMS was first 3D printed on a thin PDMS substrate using an in-house modified 3D printer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were uniformly sprayed on top of uncured PDMS lines. An additional layer of PDMS was then applied on top of CNTs to form a thin protective coating. The 3D printed PDMS/CNT nanocomposites were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to validate the thickness, CNT distribution, and microstructural features of the sensor cross-section. The strain sensing capability of the nanocomposites was investigated under tensile cyclic loading at different strain rates and maximum strains. Sensing experiments indicate that under cyclic loading, the changes in piezo resistivity mimic, both, the changes in the applied load and the measured material strain with high fidelity. Due to the high flexibility of PDMS, the 3D printed sensors have potential applications in real-time load sensing and structural health monitoring of complex flexible structures.
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