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Journal articles on the topic '3D pathology'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 3D pathology.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Liu, Jonathan T. C., Adam K. Glaser, Kaustav Bera, Lawrence D. True, Nicholas P. Reder, Kevin W. Eliceiri, and Anant Madabhushi. "Harnessing non-destructive 3D pathology." Nature Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-00681-x.

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2

Pantoja, Enrique. "L'Ultrasonographie en pathologie digestive[Ultrasound of digestive pathology]. 3d ed." Radiology 161, no. 1 (October 1986): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.161.1.152.

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3

Tuan, R. S. "3D Microphysiological models for osteochondral pathology." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 26 (April 2018): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.021.

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4

Zwönitzer, Ralf, Harald Hofmann, Albert Roessner, and Thomas Kalinski. "Virtual 3D microscopy in pathology education." Human Pathology 41, no. 3 (March 2010): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.012.

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5

Turchini, John, Michael E. Buckland, Anthony J. Gill, and Shane Battye. "Three-Dimensional Pathology Specimen Modeling Using “Structure-From-Motion” Photogrammetry: A Powerful New Tool for Surgical Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 11 (May 30, 2018): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0145-oa.

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Context.— Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry is a method of image-based modeling in which data points in digital images, taken from offset viewpoints, are analyzed to generate a 3D model. This modeling technique has been widely used in the context of geomorphology and artificial imagery, but has yet to be used within the realm of anatomic pathology. Objective.— To describe the application of a 3D photogrammetry system capable of producing high-quality 3D digital models and its uses in routine surgical pathology practice as well as medical education. Design.— We modeled specimens received in the 2 participating laboratories. The capture and photogrammetry process was automated using user control software, a digital single-lens reflex camera, and digital turntable, to generate a 3D model with the output in a PDF file. Results.— The entity demonstrated in each specimen was well demarcated and easily identified. Adjacent normal tissue could also be easily distinguished. Colors were preserved. The concave shapes of any cystic structures or normal convex rounded structures were discernable. Surgically important regions were identifiable. Conclusions.— Macroscopic 3D modeling of specimens can be achieved through Structure-From-Motion photogrammetry technology and can be applied quickly and easily in routine laboratory practice. There are numerous advantages to the use of 3D photogrammetry in pathology, including improved clinicopathologic correlation for the surgeon and enhanced medical education, revolutionizing the digital pathology museum with virtual reality environments and 3D-printing specimen models.

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Hanna, Matthew G., Ishtiaque Ahmed, Jeffrey Nine, Shyam Prajapati, and Liron Pantanowitz. "Augmented Reality Technology Using Microsoft HoloLens in Anatomic Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 5 (January 31, 2018): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0189-oa.

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Context Augmented reality (AR) devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens have not been well used in the medical field. Objective To test the HoloLens for clinical and nonclinical applications in pathology. Design A Microsoft HoloLens was tested for virtual annotation during autopsy, viewing 3D gross and microscopic pathology specimens, navigating whole slide images, telepathology, as well as real-time pathology-radiology correlation. Results Pathology residents performing an autopsy wearing the HoloLens were remotely instructed with real-time diagrams, annotations, and voice instruction. 3D-scanned gross pathology specimens could be viewed as holograms and easily manipulated. Telepathology was supported during gross examination and at the time of intraoperative consultation, allowing users to remotely access a pathologist for guidance and to virtually annotate areas of interest on specimens in real-time. The HoloLens permitted radiographs to be coregistered on gross specimens and thereby enhanced locating important pathologic findings. The HoloLens also allowed easy viewing and navigation of whole slide images, using an AR workstation, including multiple coregistered tissue sections facilitating volumetric pathology evaluation. Conclusions The HoloLens is a novel AR tool with multiple clinical and nonclinical applications in pathology. The device was comfortable to wear, easy to use, provided sufficient computing power, and supported high-resolution imaging. It was useful for autopsy, gross and microscopic examination, and ideally suited for digital pathology. Unique applications include remote supervision and annotation, 3D image viewing and manipulation, telepathology in a mixed-reality environment, and real-time pathology-radiology correlation.

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Khan, AR, M. Cocker, JD Spence, M. Alturkustani, C. Currie, C. Cathie, L. Hammond, et al. "3D carotid reconstructions: imaging, pathology, algorithms and pipelines." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.170.

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Background: Whole-slide scanning of tissue sections spatially informed by imaging studies offers the opportunity to reconstruct specimens for co-registration to 3D imaging data. Digital image analysis algorithms can be designed to analyze and reconstruct such specimens via electronic “pipelines”. Methods: A goal of the Canadian Atherosclerosis Imaging Network (CAIN) is to improve the assessment of carotid atheromatous disease through studies that inform clinical imaging with gold-standard data (plaque pathology). To achieve this, sectioned atheromas are manually annotated and analyzed by electronic algorithm for pathological features of interest. Resulting images are then reassembled in 3D for registration to ultrasound, CT, PET-CT and MRI studies. Results: Carotid endarterectomy specimens were sub-serially sectioned, stained, digitized and annotated manually and by electronic algorithms. Resulting 2D images were successfully rendered, reassembled and analyzed in 3D using ex-vivo micro-CT as a spatial reference. Furthermore, histology quantification using colour deconvolution was found to be preferred over hue-saturation-intensity methods 94.7-100% of the time in a blinded multiple rater study. Conclusion: Automated “pipelines” greatly facilitate 3D reconstruction in comparison to traditional slice-by-slice methods. Transformations spatially guided by pre-existing imaging data is not only faster, but has superior objectivity and fidelity. With embedded annotations, 3D pathology maps become a rich, micron-level, permanent digital pathological database for correlative studies.

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8

Eastwood, James D. "3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology." American Journal of Roentgenology 189, no. 6 (December 2007): W387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.07.2745.

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9

Kalinski, Thomas, Ralf Zwönitzer, Thomas Jonczyk-Weber, Harald Hofmann, Johannes Bernarding, and Albert Roessner. "Improvements in education in pathology: Virtual 3D specimens." Pathology - Research and Practice 205, no. 12 (December 2009): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2009.04.011.

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10

Okishev, D. N., A. E. Podoprigora, O. B. Belousova, Yu V. Pilipenko, O. D. Shechtman, N. V. Lasunin, A. Yu Belyaev, et al. "Individual preoperative 3D modeling of vascular brain pathology." Voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko 83, no. 4 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/neiro20198304134.

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Chen, Hsiang-Hsin, Tsung-Tse Lee, Ann Chen, Yeukuang Hwu, and Cyril Petibois. "3D Digital Pathology for a Chemical-Functional Analysis of Glomeruli in Health and Pathology." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 6 (March 5, 2018): 3811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04265.

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Liciu, E., B. Frumuşeanu, B. M. Popescu, D. C. Florea, L. Niculescu, and A. Ulici. "Personalized Surgical Planning – The Use of 3D Printing in Oncological Pathology." Romanian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 1, Supplement (June 1, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rojost-2018-0051.

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Abstract Introduction. Among the cases of malignant tumors, gathering 30% of them, the most frequent is the osteosarcoma. It occurs especially in children and young adults, the mean age being 14 years old. The treatment consists initially in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by the surgical removal of the tumor. Due to aggressive malignant features (rapid increase in size, tendency to invade surrounding tissues, variable location), in multiple cases, the surgical treatment of osteosarcoma becomes a true challenge. Materials and methods. Nowadays, it is possible to create 3D printed models, by using CT and MRI, which are superior to the 3D graphical reconstructions. The 3D printing technique facilitates the production of these 1:1 scale printed models that faithfully embody the patient’s particular features concerning the anatomic pathology. The benefits gained from using such a modern tool allow the orthopedic surgeons to establish the measurements of a precise resection and to simulate the surgical maneuvers, as part of an elaborated modern surgical planning. Results. In this article, we presented the case of a 10-year-old patient diagnosed with femoral osteosarcoma and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by GMRS surgical approach based on a preoperative planning involving a 3D printed model. This piece was used to provide precise information regarding the tumor, to allow preoperative measurements and a surgical simulation. Conclusion. The surgical accuracy can be increased by using a personalized preoperative planning based on a 3D printed model, leading to a lower rate of long/ short-term complications, recurrences, or metastases.

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Lioufas, Peter A., Michelle R. Quayle, James C. Leong, and Paul G. McMenamin. "3D Printed Models of Cleft Palate Pathology for Surgical Education." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 4, no. 9 (September 2016): e1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000001029.

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14

Rowe, Steven P., Alexa R. Meyer, Michael A. Gorin, Pamela T. Johnson, and Elliot K. Fishman. "3D CT of renal pathology: initial experience with cinematic rendering." Abdominal Radiology 43, no. 12 (May 19, 2018): 3445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1644-7.

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15

Gibelli, Daniele, Danilo De Angelis, Valentina Pucciarelli, Francesco Riboli, Virgilio F. Ferrario, Claudia Dolci, Chiarella Sforza, and Cristina Cattaneo. "Application of 3D models of palatal rugae to personal identification: hints at identification from 3D-3D superimposition techniques." International Journal of Legal Medicine 132, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 1241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1744-x.

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16

Held, P., C. Fellner, F. Fellner, J. Seitz, S. Graf, M. Hilbert, and J. Strutz. "MRI of inner ear and facial nerve pathology using 3D MP-RAGE and 3D CISS sequences." British Journal of Radiology 70, no. 834 (June 1997): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.70.834.9227246.

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Leipner, Anja, Zuzana Obertová, Martin Wermuth, Michael Thali, Thomas Ottiker, and Till Sieberth. "3D mug shot—3D head models from photogrammetry for forensic identification." Forensic Science International 300 (July 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.015.

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Sirbu, Adina, Roxana Bordea, Ondine Lucaciu, Claudia Braitoru, Camelia Szuhanek, and Radu Septimiu Campian. "3D Printed Splints an Innovative Method to Treat Temporomandibular Joint Pathology." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 11 (December 15, 2018): 3087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.11.6688.

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3D printing is a new technology with a particular resonance in dentistry which will become an important tool for all dental fields. In patients with TMJ pathology splints are used very often used to release the pain and to put the mandible in a centric relation. Conventional splints are made from acrylic designed by the dental technician with salt and pepper method or composite resins also designed by a dental technician on plaster model casts while 3D printed splints are computer designed so they can be preview resulting thus a much more accuracy in form and contact points.

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19

Buck, Ursula. "3D crime scene reconstruction." Forensic Science International 304 (November 2019): 109901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109901.

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20

Murynin, A., V. Knyaz, and I. Mateev. "Human Vision Pathology Diagnostics by Photogrammetrics Means." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 6, 2014): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-437-2014.

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One of the reasons of such vision pathology as human stereoscopic vision capability dysfunction is an asymmetry of a human face. As a rule, such dysfunctions occur as early as in the babyhood, when diagnostic methods applied for adults are ineffective. Early diagnostics and prophylaxis could help in treatment of such pathology and face 3D modeling is one of the promising ways to solve this problem.

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21

Pang, Angela, Mariana Carbini, Elizabeth Demicco, and Robert G. Maki. "Sarcoma tumor size (T) staging: Are radiology or pathology measurements more appropriate?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e22522-e22522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e22522.

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e22522 Background: In the AJCC version 7 TNMG staging of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), the longest dimension (1D) of the primary tumor at pathology analysis is the gold standard for tumor size (T) staging. However, measurements may differ between scans and actual tissue measurement, due to tissue elasticity, deformation, and/or formalin fixation. Thus, tumor size may change compared to preoperative imaging. Should STS T stage be defined by imaging or by direct tumor measurement? We examined the variability of the measurements between radiology and pathology data, examining 1D, cross sectional area (2D), and tumor volume (3D) to assign a T stage. Methods: We reviewed all patients (pts) with extremity STS who had surgery at Mt Sinai Hospital New York (2010-2015). MRI or CT and resected gross tumor measurements were available for 79 pts. After eliminating 10 samples with grossly irregular shapes and 11 samples with incomplete data, 58 tumors had complete 3D measurements. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for paired variables (radiology vs pathology size in 1D, 2D and 3D). Results: Imaging measures correlated well with direct tumor measurements. Pearson correlation coefficients for 1D, 2D and 3D measurements were 0.93, 0.72 and 0.78, respectively (all p < 0.01). The SEM (radiology/pathology size) = 0.13, i.e. 13% for 1D measurements. Thus, T stage could be incorrectly assigned in up to 13% of samples near 5 cm in size; this proportion decreases the further the tumor is from the 5 cm cutoff. Conclusions: As shown previously in the rationale for RECIST, 1D measures provide the smallest variance between radiology and pathology. The situation is made more complex in AJCC version 8, with four T categories. It remains unclear how to stage the 10-15% of primary STS with irregular shapes. These data support the use of nomograms for risk assessment rather than using bins created by the AJCC tumor staging system. 3D tumor volumes, if used at all, may play a greater role when assessing therapy responses or contending with tumors of irregular shape, rather than for routine STS staging.

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Vezzetti, Enrico, Domenico Speranza, Federica Marcolin, and Giulia Fracastoro. "DIAGNOSING CLEFT LIP PATHOLOGY IN 3D ULTRASOUND: A LANDMARKING-BASED APPROACH." Image Analysis & Stereology 35, no. 1 (November 14, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.1339.

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The aim of this work is to automatically diagnose and formalize prenatal cleft lip with representative key points and identify the type of defect (unilateral, bilateral, right, or left) in three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D US). Geometry has been used as a framework for describing facial shapes and curvatures. Then, descriptors coming from this field are employed for identifying the typical key points of the defect and its dimensions. The descriptive accuracy of these descriptors has allowed us to automatically extract reference points, quantitative distances, labial profiles, and to provide information about facial asymmetry. Eighteen foetal faces, ten of healthy foetuses and eight with different types of cleft lips, have been obtained through a Voluson system and used for testing the algorithm. Cleft lip has been diagnosed and correctly characterized in all cases. Transverse and cranio-caudal length of the cleft have been computed and upper lip profile has been automatically extract to have a visual quantification of the overall labial defect. The asymmetry information obtained is consistent with the defect. This algorithm has been designed to support practitioners in identifying and classifying cleft lips. The gained results have shown that geometry might be a proper tool for describing faces and for diagnosis.

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Kalinski, Thomas, Ralf Zwönitzer, Saadettin Sel, Matthias Evert, Thomas Guenther, Harald Hofmann, Johannes Bernarding, and Albert Roessner. "Virtual 3D Microscopy Using Multiplane Whole Slide Images in Diagnostic Pathology." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 130, no. 2 (August 2008): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/qam22y85qcv5jm47.

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Prajapati, Shyam, Emilio Madrigal, and Mark T. Friedman. "Acquisition, Visualization, and Potential Applications of 3D Data in Anatomic Pathology." Discoveries 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15190/d.2016.15.

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Wang, Qian, Li Sun, Yan Wang, Mei Zhou, Menghan Hu, Jiangang Chen, Ying Wen, and Qingli Li. "Identification of Melanoma From Hyperspectral Pathology Image Using 3D Convolutional Networks." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 40, no. 1 (January 2021): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3024923.

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Fernandes, Rui, and Juliana DiPasquale. "Computer-aided surgery using 3D rendering of maxillofacial pathology and trauma." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 3, no. 3 (2007): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.137.

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Emil Tampu, Iulian, Michaela Maintz, Daniela Koller, Kenth Johansson, Oliver Gimm, Arrigo Capitanio, Anders Eklund, and Neda Haj-Hosseini. "Optical coherence tomography for thyroid pathology: 3D analysis of tissue microstructure." Biomedical Optics Express 11, no. 8 (July 9, 2020): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.394296.

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Zvanca, Mona, and Cristian Andrei. "Volume Ultrasound in Uterine and Tubal Evaluation." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 3 (2011): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1201.

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ABSTRACT After the development of the new technologies and rendering modes, it became possible to acquire valuable diagnostic images of the female genital organs. There appear to be few differences in the diagnostic accuracy of standard 2D vs 3D images in detecting pelvic pathology, but 3D scanning can improve efficiency by reducing scanning time and therefore improving patient throughput. Furthermore, 3D ultrasound is able to rapidly acquire and store ultrasonographic data that can later be retrospectively analyzed with little loss of information. The most important advantage is the visualization of the coronal plane. It is therefore likely that the application of 3D ultrasound scanning will increase in the future for diagnostic purposes, particularly when the purchase cost of ultrasound equipment falls. The purpose of this review is to highlight the benefits of volume ultrasound in evaluation of uterine and tubal pathology.

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de Bournonville, Sébastien, Sarah Vangrunderbeeck, and Greet Kerckhofs. "Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT for Virtual 3D Anatomical Pathology of Biological Tissues: A Literature Review." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (February 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8617406.

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To date, the combination of histological sectioning, staining, and microscopic assessment of the 2D sections is still the golden standard for structural and compositional analysis of biological tissues. X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) is an emerging 3D imaging technique with high potential for 3D structural analysis of biological tissues with a complex and heterogeneous 3D structure, such as the trabecular bone. However, its use has been mostly limited to mineralized tissues because of the inherently low X-ray absorption of soft tissues. To achieve sufficient X-ray attenuation, chemical compounds containing high atomic number elements that bind to soft tissues have been recently adopted as contrast agents (CAs) for contrast-enhanced microCT (CE-CT); this novel technique is very promising for quantitative “virtual” 3D anatomical pathology of both mineralized and soft biological tissues. In this paper, we provided a review of the advances in CE-CT since the very first reports on the technology to date. Perfusion CAs for in vivo imaging have not been discussed, as the focus of this review was on CAs that bind to the tissue of interest and that are, thus, used for ex vivo imaging of biological tissues. As CE-CT has mostly been applied for the characterization of musculoskeletal tissues, we have put specific emphasis on these tissues. Advantages and limitations of multiple CAs for different musculoskeletal tissues have been highlighted, and their reproducibility has been discussed. Additionally, the advantages of the “full” 3D CE-CT information have been pinpointed, and its importance for more detailed structural, spatial, and functional characterization of the tissues of interest has been shown. Finally, the remaining challenges that are still hampering a broader adoption of CE-CT have been highlighted, and suggestions have been made to move the field of CE-CT imaging one step further towards a standard accepted tool for quantitative virtual 3D anatomical pathology.

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Thali, Michael J., Marcel Braun, and Richard Dirnhofer. "Optical 3D surface digitizing in forensic medicine: 3D documentation of skin and bone injuries." Forensic Science International 137, no. 2-3 (November 2003): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.07.009.

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Carew, Rachael M., James French, and Ruth M. Morgan. "Suitability of 3D printing cranial trauma: Prospective novel applications and limitations of 3D replicas." Forensic Science International: Reports 4 (November 2021): 100218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100218.

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Coley, B., B. Jollès-Haeberli, A. Farron, and K. Aminian. "3D kinematic sensors for the objective evaluation of shoulder pathology after surgery." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85094-3.

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Kellner, Manuela, Judith Wehling, Gregor Warnecke, Marko Heidrich, Nicole Izykowski, Jens Vogel-Claussen, Raoul-Amadeus Lorbeer, et al. "Correlating 3D morphology with molecular pathology: fibrotic remodelling in human lung biopsies." Thorax 70, no. 12 (June 24, 2015): 1197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207131.

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Ayoub, Amara, Linda Afifi, and Ann Zumwalt. "Integrating 3D Animated Videos in Case‐Based Study of Cranial Nerve Pathology." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (April 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05427.

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Dickinson, Karen J., Stephen D. Cassivi, J. Matthew Reinersman, Jane S. Matsumoto, Joel G. Fletcher, Jonathan Morris, Louis M. Wong Kee Song, and Shanda H. Blackmon. "Sa1110 Individualizing Management of Complex Esophageal Pathology Using 3D Printed Anatomic Models." Gastroenterology 148, no. 4 (April 2015): S—227—S—228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(15)30750-2.

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Bobroff, Vladimir, Hsiang-Hsin Chen, Maylis Delugin, Sophie Javerzat, and Cyril Petibois. "Quantitative IR microscopy and spectromics open the way to 3D digital pathology." Journal of Biophotonics 10, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201600051.

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Moos, Sandro, Federica Marcolin, Stefano Tornincasa, Enrico Vezzetti, Maria Grazia Violante, Giulia Fracastoro, Domenico Speranza, and Francesco Padula. "Cleft lip pathology diagnosis and foetal landmark extraction via 3D geometrical analysis." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 11, no. 1 (November 21, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-014-0244-1.

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Narayanan, Vairavan, Prepageran Narayanan, Raman Rajagopalan, Ravindran Karuppiah, Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman, Peter-John Wormald, Charles Andrew Van Hasselt, and Vicknes Waran. "Endoscopic skull base training using 3D printed models with pre-existing pathology." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 272, no. 3 (October 8, 2014): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3300-3.

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Nowinski, W. L., and B. C. Chua. "Stroke Atlas: A 3D Interactive Tool Correlating Cerebrovascular Pathology with Underlying Neuroanatomy and Resulting Neurological Deficits." Neuroradiology Journal 26, no. 1 (February 2013): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140091302600110.

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Understanding stroke-related pathology with underlying neuroanatomy and resulting neurological deficits is critical in education and clinical practice. Moreover, communicating a stroke situation to a patient/family is difficult because of complicated neuroanatomy and pathology. For this purpose, we created a stroke atlas. The atlas correlates localized cerebrovascular pathology with both the resulting disorder and surrounding neuroanatomy. It also provides 3D display both of labeled pathology and freely composed neuroanatomy. Disorders are described in terms of resulting signs, symptoms and syndromes, and they have been compiled for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebral aneurysms. Neuroanatomy, subdivided into 2,000 components including 1,300 vessels, contains cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, white matter, deep grey nuclei, arteries, veins, dural sinuses, cranial nerves and tracts. A computer application was developed comprising: 1) anatomy browser with the normal brain atlas (created earlier); 2) simulator of infarcts/hematomas/aneurysms/stenoses; 3) tools to label pathology; 4) cerebrovascular pathology database with lesions and disorders, and resulting signs, symptoms and/or syndromes. The pathology database is populated with 70 lesions compiled from textbooks. The initial view of each pathological site is preset in terms of lesion location, size, surrounding surface and sectional neuroanatomy, and lesion and neuroanatomy labeling. The atlas is useful for medical students, residents, nurses, general practitioners, and stroke clinicians, neuroradiologists and neurologists. It may serve as an aid in patient-doctor communication helping a stroke clinician explain the situation to a patient/family. It also enables a layman to become familiarized with normal brain anatomy and understand what happens in stroke.

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Bellos, Christos, George Rigas, Ioannis F. Spiridon, Athanasios Bibas, Dimitra Iliopoulou, Frank Böhnke, Dimitrios Koutsouris, and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis. "Reconstruction of Cochlea Based on Micro-CT and Histological Images of the Human Inner Ear." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/485783.

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The study of the normal function and pathology of the inner ear has unique difficulties as it is inaccessible during life and, so, conventional techniques of pathologic studies such as biopsy and surgical excision are not feasible, without further impairing function. Mathematical modelling is therefore particularly attractive as a tool in researching the cochlea and its pathology. The first step towards efficient mathematical modelling is the reconstruction of an accurate three dimensional (3D) model of the cochlea that will be presented in this paper. The high quality of the histological images is being exploited in order to extract several sections of the cochlea that are not visible on the micro-CT (mCT) images (i.e., scala media, spiral ligament, and organ of Corti) as well as other important sections (i.e., basilar membrane, Reissner membrane, scala vestibule, and scala tympani). The reconstructed model is being projected in the centerline of the coiled cochlea, extracted from mCT images, and represented in the 3D space. The reconstruction activities are part of the SIFEM project, which will result in the delivery of an infrastructure, semantically interlinking various tools and libraries (i.e., segmentation, reconstruction, and visualization tools) with the clinical knowledge, which is represented by existing data, towards the delivery of a robust multiscale model of the inner ear.

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Naether, Silvio, Ursula Buck, Lorenzo Campana, Robert Breitbeck, and Michael Thali. "The examination and identification of bite marks in foods using 3D scanning and 3D comparison methods." International Journal of Legal Medicine 126, no. 1 (May 24, 2011): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-011-0580-7.

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Gibelli, Daniele, Michaela Cellina, Annalisa Cappella, Stefano Gibelli, Marta Maria Panzeri, Antonio Giancarlo Oliva, Giovanni Termine, Danilo De Angelis, Cristina Cattaneo, and Chiarella Sforza. "An innovative 3D-3D superimposition for assessing anatomical uniqueness of frontal sinuses through segmentation on CT scans." International Journal of Legal Medicine 133, no. 4 (July 23, 2018): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1895-4.

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Velasco, Silvia, Bruna Paulsen, and Paola Arlotta. "3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo." Annual Review of Neuroscience 43, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154.

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Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how abnormalities in this process lead to neurological disease remains very superficial. In particular, the lack of experimental models for a process that largely occurs during human in utero development, and is therefore poorly accessible for study, has hindered progress in mechanistic understanding. Advances in stem cell–derived models of human organogenesis, in the form of three-dimensional organoid cultures, and transformative new analytic technologies have opened new experimental pathways for investigation of aspects of development, evolution, and pathology of the human brain. Here, we consider the biology of brain organoids, compared and contrasted with the endogenous human brain, and highlight experimental strategies to use organoids to pioneer new understanding of human brain pathology.

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Plavitu, Anca, Mark Edward Pogarasteanu, Marius Moga, Mircea Lupusoru, Florentina Ionita Radu, and Antoine Edu. "3D Printing as a Way of Integrating Mathematical Models in Arthroscopic Knee Surgery." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 9 (October 15, 2018): 2501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.9.6563.

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Our objective is to develop a novel method of approaching the arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions within the knee joint by using mathematics as a way of understanding the geometry involved in the knee, both in normal and degenerated knee joint surfaces. Bone and cartilage lesions are frequent, whether as a result of trauma, degenerative pathology, vascular pathology (osteocondritis dissecans) or tumoral. In all cases, a defect can be repaired arthroscopically, if it has manageable dimensions and if the surgeon has the technological means and the necessary skills, through the use of grafts (autografts or allografts). Alternatively, a lesion that may be approached arthroscopically initially could prove to be too great for repair and may need a second intervention for reconstruction with an endoprosthesis. We aim to further deepen the surgeon�s understanding of this pathology, through the use of 3D technology as a way of representing the osteochondral defect. Thus, its dimensions and position may be better understood, and the surgical intervention may be better planned out, potentially resulting in a shorter operating time and an overall superior outcome for the patient, and even potentially diminishing the number of unnecessary surgeries performed.

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Moncayo, Roberto. "0648: Extended Field of View and 3D in the Diagnosis of Breast Pathology." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 35, no. 8 (August 2009): S88—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.06.1050.

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Magalhaes, J. Caldas, G. Verduijn, N. Kooij, N. Kasperts, C. Berg, J. A. Kummer, E. van der Wal, C. Terhaard, N. Raaijmakers, and M. Philippens. "ACCURACY OF 3D PATHOLOGY-IMAGING REGISTRATION FOR TARGET DELINEATION IN LARYNGEAL CANCER PATIENTS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 92 (August 2009): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72783-4.

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Horton, Karen M., and Elliot K. Fishman. "Mutidetector row and 3D CT of the mesenteric vasculature: normal anatomy and pathology." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 24, no. 5 (October 2003): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2171(03)00071-4.

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Castro, P. T., H. Werner, A. P. Matos, E. Marchiori, R. T. Lopes, H. D. Alves, A. S. Machado, et al. "EP32.02: 3D printing and virtual reality in gynecological microanatomy and pathology using microtomography." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 54, S1 (September 30, 2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.21764.

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Barner, Lindsey A., Adam K. Glaser, Hongyi Huang, Lawrence D. True, and Jonathan T. C. Liu. "Multi-resolution open-top light-sheet microscopy to enable efficient 3D pathology workflows." Biomedical Optics Express 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 6605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.408684.

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Thouvenot-Nitzan, Elvire, Richard Oparka, Annie Campbell, and Caroline Erolin. "Breaking down apoptosis: animating programmed cell death in 3D for a pathology curriculum." Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine 41, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2018.1490892.

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