Relevant bibliographies by topics / 3D organoid

Academic literature on the topic '3D organoid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "3D organoid"

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Du, Yuhong, Xingnan Li, Qiankun Niu, Xiulei Mo, Min Qui, Tingxuan Ma, Calvin J. Kuo, and Haian Fu. "Development of a miniaturized 3D organoid culture platform for ultra-high-throughput screening." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 12, no. 8 (July 17, 2020): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjaa036.

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Abstract The recent advent of robust methods to grow human tissues as 3D organoids allows us to recapitulate the 3D architecture of tumors in an in vitro setting and offers a new orthogonal approach for drug discovery. However, organoid culturing with extracellular matrix to support 3D architecture has been challenging for high-throughput screening (HTS)-based drug discovery due to technical difficulties. Using genetically engineered human colon organoids as a model system, here we report our effort to miniaturize such 3D organoid culture with extracellular matrix support in high-density plates to enable HTS. We first established organoid culturing in a 384-well plate format and validated its application in a cell viability HTS assay by screening a 2036-compound library. We further miniaturized the 3D organoid culturing in a 1536-well ultra-HTS format and demonstrated its robust performance for large-scale primary compound screening. Our miniaturized organoid culturing method may be adapted to other types of organoids. By leveraging the power of 3D organoid culture in a high-density plate format, we provide a physiologically relevant screening platform to model tumors to accelerate organoid-based research and drug discovery.
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Matsumoto, Miki, Yuya Morimoto, Toshiro Sato, and Shoji Takeuchi. "Microfluidic Device to Manipulate 3D Human Epithelial Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 26, 2022): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122082.

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In this study, we propose a microfluidic organoid-trapping device used to immobilize human intestinal organoids and apply fluidic stimuli to them. The proposed device has a microchannel with a trapping region with wall gaps between the channel walls and the bottom surface, and a constriction to clog the organoids in the channel. Since the introduced culture medium escapes from the gap, organoids can be cultured without excessive deformation by hydrostatic pressure. Owing to the characteristics of the organoid-trapping device, we succeeded in trapping human intestinal organoids in the channel. Furthermore, to demonstrate the applicability of the device for culturing intestinal organoids, we induced organoid fusion to form large organoids by aligning the organoids in the channel and applying fluidic shear stress to the organoids to regulate their surface structures. Therefore, we believe that organoid-trapping devices will be useful for investigating organoids aligned or loaded with fluidic stimulation.
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Van Hemelryk, Annelies, Lisanne Mout, Sigrun Erkens-Schulze, Pim J. French, Wytske M. van Weerden, and Martin E. van Royen. "Modeling Prostate Cancer Treatment Responses in the Organoid Era: 3D Environment Impacts Drug Testing." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111572.

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Organoid-based studies have revolutionized in vitro preclinical research and hold great promise for the cancer research field, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, experimental variability in organoid drug testing complicates reproducibility. For example, we observed PCa organoids to be less affected by cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide as compared to corresponding single cells prior to organoid assembly. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) organoid organization and the use of various 3D scaffolds impact treatment efficacy. Live-cell imaging of androgen-induced androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation and taxane-induced tubulin stabilization was used to investigate the impact of 3D scaffolds, spatial organoid distribution and organoid size on treatment effect. Scaffolds delayed AR translocation and tubulin stabilization, with Matrigel causing a more pronounced delay than synthetic hydrogel as well as incomplete tubulin stabilization. Drug effect was further attenuated the more centrally organoids were located in the scaffold dome. Moreover, cells in the organoid core revealed a delayed treatment effect compared to cells in the organoid periphery, underscoring the impact of organoid size. These findings indicate that analysis of organoid drug responses needs careful interpretation and requires dedicated read-outs with consideration of underlying technical aspects.
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Jee, Joo Hyun, Dong Hyeon Lee, Jisu Ko, Soojung Hahn, Sang Yun Jeong, Han Kyung Kim, Enoch Park, et al. "Development of Collagen-Based 3D Matrix for Gastrointestinal Tract-Derived Organoid Culture." Stem Cells International 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8472712.

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Organoid is a cell organization grown in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system which represents all characteristics of its origin. However, this organ-like structure requires supporting matrix to maintain its characteristics and functions. Matrigel, derived from mouse sarcoma, has often been used as the supporting matrix for organoids, but the result may not be desirable for clinical applications because of the unidentified components from the mouse sarcoma. On the other hand, natural characteristics of collagen emphasize toxic-free friendly niche to both organoid and normal tissue. Hence, this study attempts to develop a new, collagen-based matrix that may substitute Matrigel in organoid culture. Collagen-based matrix was made, using type 1 collagen, Ham’s F12 nutrient mixture, and bicarbonate. Then, characteristics of mouse colon organoids were analyzed by morphology and quantitative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, revealing that the mouse colon organoids grown in the collagen-based matrix and in Matrigel had quite similar morphology, specific markers, and proliferative rates. Mouse small intestine–derived organoids, stomach-derived organoids, and human colon–derived organoids were also cultured, all of which were successfully grown in the collagen-based matrix and had similar properties compared to those cultured in Matrigel. Furthermore, possibility of organoid transplantation was observed. When mouse colon organoids were transplanted with collagen matrix into the EDTA-colitis mouse model, colon organoids were successfully engrafted in damaged tissue. For that reason, the use of collagen-based matrix in organoid culture will render organoid cultivation less expensive and clinically applicable.
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Sibuea, Christine Verawaty, Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan, and Radiana Antarianto. "Pengaruh Penggantian Medium terhadap Viabilitas Hepatosit Kultur 3D Organoid Hati." Nommensen Journal of Medicine 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/njm.v7i2.625.

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Background : Liver organoids can be used as materials for Bioartificial Liver, to study the mechanism of liver disease and as drug test toxicity. Reconstruction of liver organoids requires optimal culture methods, culture medium and cellular components to construct liver organoids that resemble liver microstructure in vivo with optimal function. 3D culture method using hepatocytes and stem cells with PRP supplemented William's E can reconstruct liver organoids with liver function. Medium exchange is an usual method to maintain the required nutrients and to eliminate waste products, but it requires a sufficient supply of medium and supplementation. Method and the use of effective and efficient medium with optimal hepatocyte viability are urgently needed in the reconstruction of liver organoids. Objective : This study was aimed to compare the viability of primary hepatocytes in culture medium exchange liver organoids and monoculture and without culture medium exchange. Methods : Primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague Dawley-Rats mice (250gr, n=3) were co-cultured with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, cord blood CD34+ stem cells and LX2 in PRP-supplemented William's E for 14 days. The culture medium was exchanged at 48 hours, day 7 and day 14 and no culture medium exchanged in the control group. Hepatocyte viability was analyzed using the Trypan Blue Exclusion Test at 48 hours, day 7 and day 14. Results : Hepatocyte viability in culture medium exchange liver organoids was higher than without culture medium exchange, especially in monoculture, but there was no significant difference (p value> 0.05). Conclusion: Hepatocyte viability in culture medium exchange liver organoids was not significantly different from no culture medium exchange liver organoids. Culture medium exchange in monoculture supported hepatocyte viability up to day 14. Keywords: hepatocytes, liver organoids, viability, culture medium ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Organoid hati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan Bioartificial Liver, mempelajari mekanisme penyakit hati dan uji toksisitas obat. Rekonstruksi organoid hati membutuhkan metode kultur, medium kultur dan komponen seluler yang optimal untuk menghasilkan organoid hati yang menyerupai mikrostruktur hati in vivo dengan fungsi yang optimal. Metode kultur 3D menggunakan hepatosit dan sel punca mesenkimal dengan William’s E yang disuplementasi PRP dapat merekonstruksi organoid hati dengan fungsi hati. Pergantian medium merupakan metode yang sering dilakukan untuk mempertahankan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dan untuk membuang sisa metabolit sel, tetapi membutuhkan persediaan medium dan suplementasi yang cukup banyak. Metode dan penggunaan medium yang efektif dan efisien dengan viabilitas hepatosit yang optimal sangat dibutuhkan dalam rekonstruksi organoid hati. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan viabilitas hepatosit primer pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur dan tanpa pergantian medium kultur. Metode : Hepatosit primer yang diisolasi dari tikus Sprague Dawley-Rats (250gr, n=3) diko-kultur dengan sel punca mesenkimal asal tali pusat, sel punca CD34+ asal darah tali pusat dan LX2 dalam William’s E yang disuplementasi PRP selama 14 hari. Medium kultur diganti pada 48 jam, hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14 dan tidak dilakukan pergantian medium pada kelompok kontrol. Viabilitas hepatosit dianalisa dengan menggunakan Trypan Blue Exclusion Test pada 48 jam, hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14. Hasil : Viabilitas hepatosit pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur tampak lebih banyak dibandingkan tanpa pergantian medium kultur khususnya pada monokultur, tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (nilai p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Viabilitas hepatosit pada organoid hati dengan pergantian medium kultur tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan organoid hati tanpa pergantian medium kultur. Pergantian medium kultur pada monokultur mendukung viabilitas hepatosit hingga hari ke-14. Kata Kunci : Hepatosit, organoid hati, viabilitas, medium kultur
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Li, Junzhi, Jing Chu, Vincent Chi Hang Lui, Shangsi Chen, Yan Chen, and Paul Kwong Hang Tam. "Bioengineering Liver Organoids for Diseases Modelling and Transplantation." Bioengineering 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120796.

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Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver. Recent advances in stem-cell-, biomaterial- and engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of a more sophisticated liver organoid culture resembling a near to native mini-liver in a dish. However, a comprehensive review on the recent advancement in the bioengineering liver organoid is still lacking. Here, we review the current liver organoid systems, focusing on the construction of the liver organoid system with various cell sources, the roles of growth factors for engineering liver organoids, as well as the recent advances in the bioengineering liver organoid disease models and their biomedical applications.
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Suhito, Intan Rosalina, and Tae-Hyung Kim. "Recent advances and challenges in organoid-on-a-chip technology." Organoid 2 (April 15, 2022): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e4.

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Conventional 2-dimensional cell culture poorly mimics human-relevant models, which is considered a major challenge in biological research. Organoids are a recent breakthrough in 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro tissue engineering that better reflect the physiological, morphological, and functional properties of in vivo organs (e.g., brain, heart, kidney, lung, and liver). Consequently, organoids are extensively used in various impactful biomedical applications including organ development, disease modeling, and clinical drug testing. However, organoid technology still has several limitations, including low reproducibility, vascularization, limited nutrient uptake and distribution (affecting the level of organoid maturation), lack of standardization, and intra-clonal variability. Efforts have been made to overcome these shortcomings of organoid culture. Microfluidic technology has successfully facilitated the establishment of organoid-on-a-chip systems, which effectively improve the structural and physiological features of organoids in a controlled manner. This review discusses the recent advances and developments in organoid-on-a-chip technology. We hope that this study will motivate researchers to explore the possible engagement between microfluidic devices and self-assembled 3D cell cultures to leverage the enhanced quality of organoids, which will have favorable impacts on future tissue regeneration and regenerative therapies.
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Chia, Shirley Pei Shan, Sharleen Li Ying Kong, Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang, and Boon-Seng Soh. "3D Human Organoids: The Next “Viral” Model for the Molecular Basis of Infectious Diseases." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071541.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the scientific community to adopt an efficient and reliable model that could keep up with the infectious disease arms race. Coinciding with the pandemic, three dimensional (3D) human organoids technology has also gained traction in the field of infectious disease. An in vitro construct that can closely resemble the in vivo organ, organoid technology could bridge the gap between the traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models. By harnessing the multi-lineage characteristic of the organoid that allows for the recapitulation of the organotypic structure and functions, 3D human organoids have emerged as an essential tool in the field of infectious disease research. In this review, we will be providing a comparison between conventional systems and organoid models. We will also be highlighting how organoids played a role in modelling common infectious diseases and molecular mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of causative agents. Additionally, we present the limitations associated with the current organoid models and innovative strategies that could resolve these shortcomings.
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Ren, Ya, Xue Yang, Zhengjiang Ma, Xin Sun, Yuxin Zhang, Wentao Li, Han Yang, et al. "Developments and Opportunities for 3D Bioprinted Organoids." International Journal of Bioprinting 7, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v7i3.364.

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Organoids developed from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells are three-dimensional cell cultures possessing certain key characteristics of their organ counterparts, and they can mimic certain biological developmental processes of organs in vitro. Therefore, they have promising applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative repair of tissues and organs. However, the construction of organoids currently faces numerous challenges, such as breakthroughs in scale size, vascularization, better reproducibility, and precise architecture in time and space. Recently, the application of bioprinting has accelerated the process of organoid construction. In this review, we present current bioprinting techniques and the application of bioinks and summarize examples of successful organoid bioprinting. In the future, a multidisciplinary combination of developmental biology, disease pathology, cell biology, and materials science will aid in overcoming the obstacles pertaining to the bioprinting of organoids. The combination of bioprinting and organoids with a focus on structure and function can facilitate further development of real organs.
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Kiaee, Kiavash, Yasamin A. Jodat, Nicole J. Bassous, Navneet Matharu, and Su Ryon Shin. "Transcriptomic Mapping of Neural Diversity, Differentiation and Functional Trajectory in iPSC-Derived 3D Brain Organoid Models." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123422.

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Experimental models of the central nervous system (CNS) are imperative for developmental and pathophysiological studies of neurological diseases. Among these models, three-dimensional (3D) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoid models have been successful in mitigating some of the drawbacks of 2D models; however, they are plagued by high organoid-to-organoid variability, making it difficult to compare specific gene regulatory pathways across 3D organoids with those of the native brain. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptome datasets have recently emerged as powerful tools to perform integrative analyses and compare variability across organoids. However, transcriptome studies focusing on late-stage neural functionality development have been underexplored. Here, we combine and analyze 8 brain organoid transcriptome databases to study the correlation between differentiation protocols and their resulting cellular functionality across various 3D organoid and exogenous brain models. We utilize dimensionality reduction methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and uniform manifold approximation projection (UMAP) to identify and visualize cellular diversity among 3D models and subsequently use gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and developmental trajectory inference to quantify neuronal behaviors such as axon guidance, synapse transmission and action potential. We showed high similarity in cellular composition, cellular differentiation pathways and expression of functional genes in human brain organoids during induction and differentiation phases, i.e., up to 3 months in culture. However, during the maturation phase, i.e., 6-month timepoint, we observed significant developmental deficits and depletion of neuronal and astrocytes functional genes as indicated by our GSEA results. Our results caution against use of organoids to model pathophysiology and drug response at this advanced time point and provide insights to tune in vitro iPSC differentiation protocols to achieve desired neuronal functionality and improve current protocols.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D organoid"

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Johansson, Seiko. "Patient-derived organoid culture for 3D culture of colorectal cancer, renal cancer and osteosarcoma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391043.

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It is always important to choose appropriate anticancer drugs for cancer patients. At RCL, a division of Uppsala university hospital, drug resistance profiles of patients are evaluated by a cell viability assay called FMCA. However, the number of anticancer drugs that can be evaluated by the FMCA is dependent on the number of viable cancer cells from tissues that can be obtained from each individual patient. Therefore, improvement of cell viability methods is an important issue at RCL. This study was performed to improve the FMCA method by organoid culture from colorectal cancer, renal cancer and osteosarcoma to increase the number of cancer cells. As results, it was successful to expand cryopreserved patient cancer cells to organoids to acquire more cells than before expansion. Organoids showed rounded structure in microscopy images. Thereafter, FMCA was performed on organoids as well as on thawed cryopreserved cancer cells from the original sample. Those results showed that original cancer cells, cryopreserved original cancer cells and expanded organoids derived from those cryopreserved cells had similar resistance profiles. It was also discovered that the organoids secreted VEGF under the cultivation. From those results, it can be concluded that organoids are representative of the original cancer from the patients. It is however needed to improve organoid culture methods, and to further confirm organoids by protein expression analysis and DNA analysis.
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TOSCANI, CECILIA. "UNCOVERING EPIGENETIC VULNERABILITIES IN INTESTINAL CANCER DEVELOPMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/697052.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from a multi-step process leading to the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations, thus causing deregulation in homeostasis followed by neoplastic transformation.Epigenetic and genetic alterations are able to induce a constitutive activation of the WNT signaling pathway, whose aberrant activity converges into deregulation of proliferation, differentiation and cell death pathways. The most common causes of WNT pathway hyper-activation are APC loss of function, or b-catenin constitutive activation mutations. Despite this knowledge of aberrant WNT activity, upstream interference with this signaling pathway induces adverse effects due to high cross-talk with other pathways, highlighting a need to find alternative ways to indirectly target the effectors of this pathway. Deregulated pathways in CRC provoke aberrant signaling that converges into the nucleus where transcription and chromatin-remodeling factors cooperate to maintain or modify the identity of a cell. In recent years, several studies have been focused on epigenetic players, which act by depositing specific and reversible post-translational modifications. For this reason they are being recognized as promising new targets for the development of cancer therapeutic strategies. In this context, my project takes advantage of murine 3D intestinal organoid cultures, carrying oncogenic deregulations of the WNT pathway, as a platform for pooled and arrayed RNA interference screens, to identify novel regulators that control the nuclear/transcriptional aspect of this oncogenic pathway. I also implemented the validation of selected targets in human metastatic colorectal cancer organoids to highlight their clinical relevance. Moreover, since several chromatin modifier inhibitors have been already developed, the findings of this project should prompt the development of new molecules for CRC treatment to target the novel sensitivities I identified. Finally, this project generated important technical knowledge through this pioneering approach that will open up the possibility of performing functional screens in other tissues from which organoid cultures have already been established.
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Godart, Matthias. "Interactions fonctionnelles entre voies signalétiques intrinsèques et voie des hormones thyroïdiennes dans les cellules souches et progéniteurs de l'épithélium intestinal." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1138.

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Les hormones thyroïdiennes (HTs) contrôlent plusieurs aspects du développement et de l’homéostasie intestinale. Elles agissent via des récepteurs nucléaires (TRs), facteurs de transcription modulés par la T3. Le paradigme est la métamorphose des amphibiens où elles sont responsables du remodelage du tube digestif et de l’émergence des cellules souches (Ishizuya-Oka et al, 2009). Des études précédentes ont montré que les HTs jouent un rôle fondamental en régulant la balance entre prolifération et différenciation des précurseurs épithéliaux murins. Du point de vue moléculaire, le récepteur nucléaire TRα1 contrôle plusieurs gènes du cycle cellulaire/prolifération ainsi que les voies de signalisation Wnt et Notch (rev. in Sirakov et al, 2104; Skah et al, 2017). En accord avec ces fonctions, l’expression ciblée de TRα1 dans l’épithélium intestinal (souris vil-TRα1) est suffisante pour induire des cryptes aberrantes, hyper-prolifératives et confère une sensibilité accrue au programme de tumorigénèse intestinale dépendant de la mutation dans le gène Apc (vil-TRα1/Apc+/1638N mice) (Kress et al, 2010). Le but de mon travail a été d’étudier le contrôle des cellules souches intestinales, dépendant des HTs/TRs. En effet, j’ai utilisé des souris Lgr5-EGFP-ires-CreERT2 permettant de traquer, trier et cibler les cellules souches (Barker et al, 2007) que j’ai croisées avec le modèle murin inductible au tamoxifène TRα1-LOF (Loss-of-function) (Quignodon et al, 2007). J’ai étudié les effets de l’altération de la voie HTs/TRα1 in vivo et dans des organoïdes intestinaux (ex vivo). Nos résultats indiquent que les HTs et la modulation de l’expression ou de l’activité de TRα1 affectent rapidement et fortement les cellules souches intestinales. Ce travail ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans l’étude des signaux dépendants des HTs/ TRα1 dans la physiopathologie des cellules souches intestinales
Thyroid hormones (THs) control several aspects of gut development and homeostasis. They act through the thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) that are T3-modulated transcription factors. The paradigm is the amphibian metamorphosis, where they are responsible for gut remodeling and emergence of the stem cells (Ishizuya-Oka et al, 2009). In previous studies we showed that THs play a fundamental role in regulating the balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation of the murine intestinal epithelial precursors. From a molecular point of view the nuclear receptor TRα1 controls several proliferation/cell-cycle genes as well as the Wnt and Notch pathways (rev. in Sirakov et al, 2104; Skah et al, 2017). In accordance with these functions, targeted expression of TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium (vil-TRα1 mice) is sufficient to induce aberrant and hyper-proliferative crypts and confers increased susceptibility to Apc-mutation dependent intestinal tumorigenic program (vil-TRα1/Apc+/1638N mice) (Kress et al, 2010). The aim of my work was to study TH- and TRα1-dependent control of intestinal stem cells. Indeed, I used the Lgr5-EGFP-ires-CreERT2 mice enable tracking, sorting and targeting the stem cells (Barker et al, 2007) crossed with tamoxifen inducible TRα1 loss-of-function (Quignodon et al, 2007) mouse model (TRα1-LOF). I studied the effect of TH/TRα1 alteration in vivo and in intestinal organoids (ex vivo). In conclusion, our results indicate that HTs and modulating TRα1 expression or activity have a rapid and strong effect on the intestinal stem cells. This work opens a new perspective in the study of TH/TRα1-dependent signal on the physiopathology of the intestinal stem cells
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Dinelli, Giulia <1993&gt. "Matrici Naturali e Sintetiche per colture 3D di Organoidi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15246.

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Gli Organs-on-chips (OOCs) sono modelli 3D in vitro di organi umani miniaturizzati, progettati per riprodurre la biologia e fisiologia degli omologhi in vivo. I sistemi OOCs integrano: microingegneria, tecnologie di microfluidica e principi di biomimesi per ricreare gli aspetti chiave di un organo, includendo anche criticità dell’architettura tissutale, interazioni cellula-cellula e ambiente extracellulare. In sostanza, sono costituiti da un chip multifluidico in cui le cellule d’interesse vengono coltivate in 3D; è possibile realizzare questi sistemi a partire da cellula staminali da cui vengono ottenuti organoidi che messi in coltura su una matrice di supporto all’intero del sistema microfluidico mimano l’organo. Nel presente studio si è voluto testare la capacità di una serie di matrici di supporto, naturali e sintetiche, a sostenere la proliferazione e il differenziamento di organoidi di fegato murino, con applicazione futura all’interno di un sistema OOCs. Queste piattaforme creative, e la loro ulteriore integrazione in Multi-Organs-on-chips, possono portare nuovi benefici a diverse applicazioni come: lo sviluppo in vitro di modelli umani di organi sani e malati, l’indagine dei meccanismi fondamentali di eziologia delle patologie e organogenesi, valida alternativa alla sperimentazione animale per quanto riguarda la tossicità dei farmaci e lo studio di target farmacologici ed infine ideale piattaforma per lo sviluppo di nuove terapie.
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Workman, Michael J. "Generating 3D human intestinal organoids with an enteric nervous system." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416570664.

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Bagnara, Elena <1993&gt. "Evaluation of synthetic alternatives scaffold for 3D culture method for liver organoids." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20090.

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Different Synthetic matrix alternatives were tested in this thesis to find a suitable matrix which promotes the organoids growth. Synthetic matrix are Ecofriendly biocompatible and furthermore do not show variation between batches that could be a big problem for biomedical applications.
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Anderle, Marica. "Human cerebellar organoids as an in vitro 3D model of Group 3 Medulloblastoma." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/262782.

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Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous tumor that represents the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. It stands as a cause for a high percentage of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. Thanks to genome-wide analyses, MB can be divided into four significant subgroups, different from each other for diagnosis, prognosis, and metastatic recurrence. WNT subtype has the best prognosis; SHH subtype has an intermediate prognosis; Group 3 subtype is characterized by a high percentage of metastases and worst prognosis; Group 4 MB is the most common subtype, but the less understood. Willing to increase the knowledge about the aggressiveness of the Group3 subtype, this work will focus on developing a reliable Human Group 3 MB model based on cerebellar organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in modeling, drug discovery, and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more reliable information and more predictive data before in vivo tests. The field of cell development, differentiation, and cell organization was the first to make use of cerebellar organoids, but these 3D structures are starting to be a novelty in the cancer field. One of the innovative points of this work is the setup of a new way to modify wild type human cerebellar organoids, electroporating them with strong Group 3 MB inducers, derived from in vivo patient-specific NGS data screen. We validate that Gfi1/c-Myc and Otx2/c-Myc oncogenes give rise to MB-like organoids, which (in nude mice) can develop tumors harboring a DNA methylation signature that clusters specifically with human patient Group 3 tumors. Moreover, we identify Smarca4 as an oncosuppressor gene and discover that treatment with an EZH2 specific inhibitor, called Tazemetostat, reduces Otx2/c-Myc tumorigenicity in human organoids. We speculate that our Medulloblastoma 3D culture system holds great promises for applications in infant tumor research, cancer cell biology, and drug discovery, being a novel human 3D reliable tool for developing personalized therapies.
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Ma, Lin. "Multi-scale 3D imaging of the microstructure in organic-rich shales." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multiscale-3d-imaging-of-the-microstructure-in-organicrich-shales(514544f2-39f8-4fe2-b8f4-fecb27380c10).html.

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Technological advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have paved the way for the exploration and production of shale gas and shale oil, the fastest growing energy sector globally. The imaging and quantification of the geometry, sizes, network and distribution of extremely fine-grain minerals, organic matter and pores are a significant component for the macroscopic and microscopic characterisation of shale reservoirs but is also highly challenging. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) combined with 3D Electron Microscopy (EM) are used to address this challenge and give us information in 3D from multiple length scales over 3 orders of magnitudes: mesoscale (R1), microscale (R2), submicron-scale (R3), low-resolution nanoscale (R4) and high-resolution nanoscale (R5) with spatial resolutions of ~10micro metre, ~1micro metre, ~130 nm, ~50nm and ~5nm, respectively. The multi-scale imaging and quantification method was initially applied here to the Carboniferous Bowland Shale, the largest potential shale gas play in the UK. The appropriate length scales (both field of view and voxel size) of specified phases such as pores, organic matter, clay minerals and non-clay minerals were analysed. The low connectivity of pores and high connectivity of organic matter suggests that the 20 nm and larger pores imaged did not form connected flow paths, demonstrating that porous gas flow through this sample cannot be the main transport mechanism and diffusive transport through the organic matter and clay minerals must also be considered. Then, the variation of organic matter and pore distribution along a TOC gradient were analysis on Lublin gas-mature shale samples in Poland and Baltic oil-mature shale samples in Lithuania. The results show intergranular pores dominated in this series of samples, including organic interface pores and inter-mineral pores, which further confirm that organic matter is not the primary influencing factor for porosity, but the clay minerals. Finally, a novel multi-stage workflow of pore system is proposed relying on both image quantification and numerical modelling of geological features with studies in Jurassic Haynesville shale in the US. Three stages are divided according to pore variation, mineral variation and microfacies variation across four distinct length scales (R1-R4/R5), and permeability was simulated based on the upscaled pore system. The final computed porosity and permeability shows acceptable errors when compared with the helium porosity and press decay permeability. Beyond the lab measurements, the pore occurrence and size distribution were computed in the upscaling process. The combining of XCT and 3D-EM provides a powerful tool for the multi-scale imaging and quantification of microstructural information in shales, allowing the visualization of pores, organic matter and inorganic mineral phases over a range of scales over three orders of magnitude (~ 10 micro metre to ~ 5 nm), and the volume fraction of each phases shows a reasonable correlation to traditional physical and chemistry quantification data. The further studies, such as the variation of organic matter and pores, upscaling of porosity and permeability presented in this study, has verified the feasibility of the proposed multi-scale method and promises a bit potential for reservoir prediction and other challenges in geological studies.
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Langner, Maik. "Laterally modified microcavity systems containing organic emitters." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-67568.

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The scope of this work is an in-depth investigation of dielectric mirror microcavities with central organic dye layers, which are preferably modified in at least one lateral dimension. The large quality factor of the planar resonator in conjunction with comparatively stable and spectrally broad emitting molecules allows for a detailed analysis of several aspects of microresonator systems. Their optical properties are analyzed both with transmission and luminescence measurements as well as in the lasing regime. The first part presents the resonant mode properties of planar and laterally structured microcavities. With the help of a high-resolution imaging micro-photoluminescence setup, working either in the spatial (near field) or vectorial (far field) regime, the polarization splitting is studied in a detuned microcavity, containing the dye 4,4'-bis[(N-carbazole)styryl]biphenyl (BSB-Cz) in a matrix of 4,4'-di(N-carbazolyl)- biphenyl (CBP). With the help of a thickness gradient, a relation between the large spectral distance of the cross-polarized states and the mode position within the stop band is investigated. In shadow-mask prepared, laterally restricted devices (5x5 µm2 square boxes), the three-dimensional confinement introduces sets of discrete modes, which experience a similar polarization splitting. The origin in this case is a different phase shift of electromagnetic waves during internal total reflection at a boundary. By using a concentration gradient planar microcavity sample of the dye 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) in a tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) matrix, the influence of the number of emitters on the lasing characteristics is subsequently analyzed. Depending on the pumping conditions, and thus the involvement of the Förster resonant energy transfer, an optimal composition is identified. After a qualitative evaluation of the long-term stability upon various excitation energies, the attention is focussed to the modification of the stimulated emission properties of photonic boxes. The stronger field concentration and altered density of states leads to a significant improvement of the values for the coupling factor fi and the threshold levels. Furthermore, new properties arise, namely simultaneous multimode and off-axis laser emission. With an inhomogeneous excitation of the box, it is possible to selectively excite single modes above the threshold. The work ends with experimental results of metal structures as additional optical element in the organic microcavity layer. Here, the aim is is to understand the passive influence of these possible contact- devices on the lasing performance. For this purpose, the lasing is studied at an interface of an areal thin metal layer, which is incorporated in the organic layer.
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Li, Qian. "Organic Semiconductors Based on Triazastarphene Towards 3D : Charge Transport in Crystalline Phase." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0144.

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Depuis une trentaine d’années, les matériaux organiques semi-conducteurs sont l’objet de recherches fondamentales autant qu’appliquées. Cet intérêt s’explique par des propriétés communément absentes des matériaux inorganiques utilisés jusqu’à présent telles que leur légèreté, leur souplesse et leur mise en forme aisée par des techniques d’impression à bas coût. Cependant, la forte anisotropie de leurs propriétés électroniques, telles que la mobilité des charges, a limité leur intégration dans les appareils de la vie courante.Ainsi, le but de cette thèse est d’étudier de nouveaux concepts de structures moléculaires adaptées au transport de charge tridimensionnel (3D) en phase cristalline. Cette étude concerne la synthèse des molécules, la caractérisation de leurs propriétés optoélectroniques, la résolution de leur structure cristalline, des mesures de dispositifs électroniques ainsi que la modélisation de paramètres clés du transport de charge.Pour atteindre cet objectif, les règles de conception appliquées aux molécules linéaires appartenant à la série du TIPS-pentacene a été étendues à des molécule de symétrie C3h. Les molécules possèdent ainsi un cœur aromatique plan en forme d’étoile à trois bras auxquels sont ajoutés des substituants encombrants proches du centre. Deux empilements sont alors envisagés appelés empilement par les bras ou en colonne décalée pour lesquels un chemin de percolation des sauts de charge est attendu dans les 3 dimensions.Ainsi, 13 triazastarphenes substitués par des amines ou des phényles ont été nouvellement obtenus via des méthodes de synthèses originales et directes. De plus, des systèmes borofluorés ont pu être obtenus ainsi qu’une voie de synthèse originale d’un composé utilisé en OLED. D’autre part, la résolution des structures cristallines a permis d’identifier des empilements proches voir identiques de ceux escomptés. Par exemple, deux benzostarphenes présentent respectivement un empilement par les bras sur la moitié de la maille et un empilement en colonne décalée. Enfin, l’étude théorique a mis en évidence que le transport de charge devrait s’effectuer en 2D pour le premier cas et en 3D pour le second en phase cristalline.Finalement, ce travail décrit pour la première fois la synthèse de composés étendus et solubles en forme d’étoile basés sur un motif acridine. Au-delà des multiples études sur les propriétés de ces molécules ainsi que de leurs intégrations quelquefois réussies dans des dispositifs électroniques (OFETs ou cellules à solaires à perovskites), les nouvelles méthodes de synthèse et les empilements discutés en détails devraient contribuer à l’élaboration de nouvelles règles de conception de composé -conjugué et participer au développement de semi-conducteurs organiques de plus hautes performances
The research in organic electronics has attracted worldwide attention due to the specific properties of organic materials such as lightness, flexibility, large scale processing ability and low production cost. Compared with inorganic materials, the strong anisotropy and low charge carrier transport mobility limit their integrations in commercial devices. This research aims at developing molecule systems leading to three-dimensional charge transport.To reach this goal, our design strategy is to expand the generally linear-shaped molecular structure into star-shaped structure with C3h symmetry. The designed molecules consist of a planar core of fused aromatic cycles to form efficient - stacking with neighboring molecules and of bulky groups located close to the center to increase the solubility of the materials and prevent 1D columnar packing. Thus, two supramolecular arrangements are speculated (arm and column packing) where charge hopping follows pathways in 3D.Based on this design, 13 triazastarphenes substituted directly by amine or phenyl groups were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Their electronic properties were carefully determined by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Results from single crystal XRD showed that the experimental packing is similar to model for few molecules. In detail, one amino-triazastarphene has shown a new 2D layer by layer packing motif, while benzo-triazastarphenes have led to column packing in one case and half arm packing for another as expected. In addition, theoretical approach highlighted 2D and 3D dimensionality for charge carrier transport for the two later examples in the crystal phase.Finally, this work is the first report about straightforward synthesis of extended C3h acridine derivatives. Even though the performances obtained from the devices (OFETs and perovskite solar cells) based on these materials did not reach state of the art performances, the novel synthetic method and the achievement of interesting molecular arrangement motifs in single crystal can contribute to the development of high-performance OSCs
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Books on the topic "3D organoid"

1

Susanna, Orlic, Meerholz Klaus, and SPIE (Society), eds. Organic 3D photonics materials and devices: 28 August, 2007, San Diego, California, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2007.

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Orlic, Susanna. Organic 3D photonics materials and devices II: 12 August 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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1937-, Larsson Kåre, ed. Inorganic and organic 3D-nets: From supramolecular chemistry and self assembly to crystal engineering. New York: Elsevier, 2005.

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Vemuri, Mohan C., Uma Lakshmipathy, and Rafal Witek. 3D Organoid Culture Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Vemuri, Mohan C., Uma Lakshmipathy, and Rafal Witek. 3D Organoid Culture Systems. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Loudon. Chemdraw Chem 3d Windows Package to Organic Chemistry. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, Subs of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1995.

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Larson, Joe. 3D Printing Designs : Octopus Pencil Holder: Learn to Design and 3D Print Organic and Functional Designs Using Blender. Packt Publishing, Limited, 2016.

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Books, Inside the vortex. Hexagonal Graph Paper : 8. 5 X11 200 Pages Organic Chemistry: Drawing Organic Chemistry Structures In 3D. Independently Published, 2018.

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Haas, Paul, and Thomas George Hill. Introduction to the Chemistry of Plant Products: On the Nature and Significance of the Commoner Organic Compounds of Plants. 3d Ed. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2015.

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Hexanote Graph Paper: Ideal 1/4 Inch Hexagons - Hexagonal Graph Paper Workbook for Organic Chemistry, 3D Graph, Gaming, Artwork and Sketches - I Am Lazy but Happy Funny Sloth Cover. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "3D organoid"

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Hoffman, Robert M., Sumiyuki Mii, Jennifer Duong, and Yasuyuki Amoh. "Nerve Growth and Interaction in Gelfoam® Histoculture: A Nervous System Organoid." In 3D Sponge-Matrix Histoculture, 163–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7745-1_16.

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Smits, Daan, and Antoine A. Khalil. "Multimodal Techniques to Study Tumor Growth, Basement Membrane Breaching, and Invasion in 3D Matrices." In Cell Migration in Three Dimensions, 281–303. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_17.

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AbstractCancer-derived organoids and three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) are taking center stage as in vitro models to study neoplastic cell behavior, since they recapitulate the heterogeneous cellular composition of tumors and their extracellular environment. In combination with imaging and molecular/biochemical techniques, 3D organoid models have contributed substantially to our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the growth of tumors and invasion into the surrounding tissue. We here outline a set of protocols that describe culturing of cancer-derived organoids in 3D matrices and various strategies that allow modeling of tumor growth, tumor cell penetration into basement membranes, and invasion into Collagen I-rich ECM. Furthermore, we specify protocols for subsequent handling of organoids cultured in 3D ECM for confocal microscopy and analysis of gene expression at the protein and mRNA level. Although we here use breast cancer-derived organoids, these protocols can be directly applied or adapted for organoids derived from other cancer types or healthy tissues. Thus, in addition to investigating cell behavior of multiple cancer types, the combination of protocols described here may be used to study processes such as cell differentiation and migration during homeostasis and normal development.
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Sugimoto, Shinya, and Toshiro Sato. "Establishment of 3D Intestinal Organoid Cultures from Intestinal Stem Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 97–105. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_7.

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Chawla, Shikha, Juhi Chakraborty, and Sourabh Ghosh. "Next Generation Tissue Engineering Strategies by Combination of Organoid Formation and 3D Bioprinting." In Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 51–62. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2020] |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429422652-4.

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Li, Xingnan, Akifumi Ootani, and Calvin Kuo. "An Air–Liquid Interface Culture System for 3D Organoid Culture of Diverse Primary Gastrointestinal Tissues." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 33–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8_4.

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Adams, Yvonne, and Anja Ramstedt Jensen. "3D Organoid Assay of the Impact of Infected Erythrocyte Adhesion on the Blood–Brain Barrier." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 587–99. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_44.

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Völkner, Manuela, Thomas Kurth, and Mike O. Karl. "The Mouse Retinal Organoid Trisection Recipe: Efficient Generation of 3D Retinal Tissue from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 119–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_9.

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Schmidt, Angelika, and Dirk Baumjohann. "3D Tissue Explant and Single-Cell Suspension Organoid Culture Systems for Ex Vivo Drug Testing on Human Tonsil-Derived T Follicular Helper Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 267–88. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_22.

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Sethumadhavan, Vithyasaahar, Preethichandra D. M. Gamage, and Prashant Sonar. "3D-Printed Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Sensors." In 3D Printing, 311–24. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003296676-20.

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Micallef, Joe. "Organic Modeling Techniques." In Beginning Design for 3D Printing, 249–310. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0946-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "3D organoid"

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Wang, Bowen, Peyton J. Tebon, Alexander L. Markowitz, Graeme F. Murray, Huyen Thi Lam Nguyen, Nasrin Tavanaie, Thang L. Nguyen, Paul C. Boutros, Alice Soragni, and Michael A. Teitell. "Functional Drug Sensitivity Screening of Bioprinted Tumor Organoids using High-Speed Live Cell Interferometry." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.atu5i.5.

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We develop a method to apply a high-throughput quantitative phase imaging-based assay to functional biomass accumulation measurements of 3D tumor organoids with single-organoid resolution, and demonstrate its utility for drug screening and therapy selection.
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Shettigar, Nandan, Lamees El Nihum, Ashok Thyagarajan, Debjyoti Banerjee, and Robert Krencik. "Design, Microfabrication and Testing of Brain-on-a-Chip (BOC) Platform Using Neural Organoids (Spheroids)." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65894.

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Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) organoid engineering aims to steer cell aggregates toward physiological mimicking of human tissue and organ systems at the cellular level, essentially serving as tissue and organ proxies that recapitulate biological parameters (e.g., spatial organization of heterogenous tissue-specific cells, cell-cell interactions, etc.). Currently, attempts at generation of brain organoids do not mature beyond the prenatal brain equivalent, the major obstacle being the lack of vascularization in the initial embryoid bodies that ultimately limit the growth and maturation of the organoids. Thus, attention is turned toward generation of a brain-on-a-chip model that can serve as a relevant model of the human brain in its recapitulation of the neuronal circuit (i.e., organoid-on-chip or “OOC”; brain-on-chip or “BOC”). In this study, soft lithography techniques using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers were implemented to fabricate a microfluidic chip to serve as a BOC/OOC. A mold was fabricated using 3D printing for performing soft lithography of the BOC (followed by bonding on to a glass slide). Neural organoids (spheroids) were dispensed into the BOC using a pipette. The BOC was designed for the organoids to be captured at specific locations using micro-pillars that are located strategically within the microchannel network. Copper microelectrodes were manually inserted into the device through specially designed ports to serve as probes (as electrical sensors) and were mounted strategically for detection of electrical response from the organoids. Experiments were conducted to acquire and analyze the electrical response of the organoids when subjected to a variety of conditions (and stimuli). Two sets of organoids were tested in these experiments: organoids that are light responsive (LR) and organoids that are not light responsive (NLR). The set of experiments performed in this study include: control experiments using pure media (exposed to light), control experiments performed using media decanted from organoid suspensions (with and without exposure to light for both LR and NLR), baseline tests using organoids not exposed to light (control experiments for both LR and NLR), and experiments involving organoids exposed to variety of stimuli (light exposure, saline solution, etc. for both LR and NLR).
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Shah, Gopi. "Uncovering cell dynamics in physiologically relevant 3D organoid and tumor models." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.1065.

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Calvo, Isabel Olmos, Ruth A. Byrne, Thomas Karonitsch, Birgit Niederreiter, Felix Kartnig, Farideh Alasti, Johannes Holinka, Peter Ertl, and Hans P. Kiener. "04.19 3D synovial organoid culture reveals cellular mechanisms of tissue formation and inflammatory remodelling." In 37th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research 2–4 March 2017 Athens, Greece. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-211051.19.

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Dornhof, Johannes, Jochen Kieninger, Harshini Muralidharan, Jochen Maurer, Gerald A. Urban, and Andreas Weltin. "OXYGEN AND LACTATE MONITORING IN 3D BREAST CANCER ORGANOID CULTURE WITH SENSOR-INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM." In 2021 21st International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers50396.2021.9495557.

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Jäger, B., A. Schambach, K. Denise, M. Foley, and A. Prasse. "CXCR4 Inhibition by the I-Body Ad-114 Blocks Bronchosphere Formation in a 3d Organoid Model." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5250.

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Djomehri, Sabra, Shuichi Takayama, and Celina Kleer. "Abstract LB-033: A scaffold-free 3D organoid model to study neoplastic progression in breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-033.

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Pan, Fong Cheng, Angie Ai-Nok Chong, Steven D. Leach, Shuibing Chen, and Todd Evans. "Abstract C40: Dissecting key biologic processes in pancreatic cancer metastasis using a genetically defined 3D organoid model." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; September 6-9, 2019; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.panca19-c40.

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Goverse, G., L. Daszkiewicz, M. Madej, K. Yan, M. Tleis, and L. Price. "PO-374 A 3D image-based quantification of organoid-immune cell interactions in the presence of immuno-modulators." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.885.

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El-Shimy, I., M. Morkel, and N. Blüthgen. "PO-180 Dissecting the effects of EGF starvation on EGFR signalling in the mouse small intestine using 3D organoid culture systems." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.701.

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Reports on the topic "3D organoid"

1

Hexemer, Alex. 3D Structure and Organization in Polymeric and Organic Thin Films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1619202.

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Kharchenko, Yuliya V., Olena M. Babenko, and Arnold E. Kiv. Using Blippar to create augmented reality in chemistry education. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4630.

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This paper presents an analysis of the possibilities and advantages of augmented reality technologies and their implementation in training of future Chemistry and Biology teachers. The study revealed that the use of augmented reality technologies in education creates a number of advantages, such as: visualization of educational material; interesting and attractive learning process; increasing student motivation to study and others. Several augmented reality applications were analyzed. The Blippar app has been determined to have great benefits: it’s free; the interface is simple and user-friendly; the possibility of using different file types; the possibility of combining a large amount of information and logically structuring it; loading different types of information: video, images, 3D models, links to sites, etc. Thus, convenient interactive projects were developed using the Blippar application, which were called study guide with AR elements, and implemented in teaching chemical disciplines such as Laboratory Chemical Practice and Organic Chemistry. Using such study guide with AR elements during classes in a real chemical laboratory is safe and does not require expensive glassware. The student interviews revealed that the use of the Blippar application facilitated new material understanding, saved time needed to learn material, and was an effective addition to real-life learning.
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Tuller, Markus, Asher Bar-Tal, Hadar Heller, and Michal Amichai. Optimization of advanced greenhouse substrates based on physicochemical characterization, numerical simulations, and tomato growth experiments. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600009.bard.

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Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also “engineer” optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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5

Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2036.

Full text
Abstract:
COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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