Journal articles: '3D motility'

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Bouchet, Benjamin P., and Anna Akhmanova. "Microtubules in 3D cell motility." Journal of Cell Science 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.189431.

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Bhattacharjee, Tapomoy, and Thomas E. Angelini. "3D T cell motility in jammed microgels." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 024006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aae813.

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Nors, Jesper, Mette Winther Klinge, Thorbjørn Sommer, Søren Laurberg, Klaus Krogh, and Jonas Amstrup Funder. "Assessment of postoperative gastrointestinal motility in colorectal surgery: a study with the Motilis 3D-transit system." BMJ Innovations 7, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000396.

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PurposePostoperative recovery following colorectal surgery remains impaired by severe complications including postoperative ileus (POI). Human studies of POI have been limited by a lack of safe and easy-to-use objective methods. Motilis 3D-transit is a completely ambulatory, minimally invasive system whereby electromagnetic capsules are followed by external sensors during their passage of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the 3D-transit system in a surgical setting.MethodWe included 12 patients as a substudy of the randomised double blind controlled Stimulation of the Autonomic Nervous System In Colorectal Surgery by perioperative nutrition (SANICS)-II trial undergoing elective segmental colonic resection with primary anastomosis at Aarhus University Hospital and Randers Regional Hospital, Denmark. To study region-specific motility, three electromagnetic capsules were administered. One was taken 3 hours before surgery, the next was taken 1 hour before surgery, while the third was placed distal to the anastomosis during surgery. Total and regional GI transit times as well as time until first propulsive colonic contraction were determined.ResultsAll patients tolerated the setup well with no adverse events related to the 3D-transit system. Large variations were found in total GI transit time (26.7–127.6 hours), gastric emptying (0.07–>106.9 hours), small intestinal (1.2–58.4 hours) and colorectal transit time (14.3–>118.1 hours). Time from end of surgery to first propulsive movement in the colon varied from 3.9 to 85 hours. No correlation was found between parameters of GI motility and tolerance of an oral diet or recovery of bowel function.ConclusionThe 3D-transit system allows safe assessment of GI motility in patients operated with segmental colonic resections and primary anastomosis for colorectal cancer. Postsurgical motility varies significantly between patients.

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Acres, Jacqueline, and Jay Nadeau. "2D vs 3D tracking in bacterial motility analysis." AIMS Biophysics 8, no. 4 (2021): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2021030.

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<abstract> <p>Digital holographic microscopy provides the ability to observe throughout a large volume without refocusing. This capability enables simultaneous observations of large numbers of microorganisms swimming in an essentially unconstrained fashion. However, computational tools for tracking large 4D datasets remain lacking. In this paper, we examine the errors introduced by tracking bacterial motion as 2D projections vs. 3D volumes under different circumstances: bacteria free in liquid media and bacteria near a glass surface. We find that while XYZ speeds are generally equal to or larger than XY speeds, they are still within empirical uncertainties. Additionally, when studying dynamic surface behavior, the Z coordinate cannot be neglected.</p> </abstract>

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Siegel, Ashley L., Kevin Atchison, Kevin E. Fisher, George E. Davis, and D. D. W. Cornelison. "3D Timelapse Analysis of Muscle Satellite Cell Motility." Stem Cells 27, no. 10 (October 2009): 2527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.178.

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Belletti, Barbara, Ilenia Pellizzari, Stefania Berton, Linda Fabris, Katarina Wolf, Francesca Lovat, Monica Schiappacassi, et al. "p27kip1 Controls Cell Morphology and Motility by Regulating Microtubule-Dependent Lipid Raft Recycling." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 9 (March 1, 2010): 2229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00723-09.

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ABSTRACT p27kip1 (p27) is an inhibitor of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, whose nuclear loss indicates a poor prognosis in various solid tumors. When located in the cytoplasm, p27 binds Op18/stathmin (stathmin), a microtubule (MT)-destabilizing protein, and restrains its activity. This leads to MT stabilization, which negatively affects cell migration. Here, we demonstrate that this p27 function also influences morphology and motility of cells immersed in three-dimensional (3D)matrices. Cells lacking p27 display a decrease in MT stability, a rounded shape when immersed in 3D environments, and a mesenchymal-amoeboid conversion in their motility mode. Upon cell contact to extracellular matrix, the decreased MT stability observed in p27 null cells results in accelerated lipid raft trafficking and increased RhoA activity. Importantly, cell morphology, motility, MT network composition, and distribution of p27 null cells were rescued by the concomitant genetic ablation of Stathmin, implicating that the balanced expression of p27 and stathmin represents a crucial determinant for cytoskeletal organization and cellular behavior in 3D contexts.

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Green, Jordan R., and Erin M. Wilson. "Spontaneous facial motility in infancy: A 3D kinematic analysis." Developmental Psychobiology 48, no. 1 (2005): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20112.

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Lemos, Lauana Greicy Tonon, Gabriel Mello da Cunha Longo, Bruna dos Santos Mendonça, Marcela Cristina Robaina, Mariana Concentino Menezes Brum, Caíque de Assis Cirilo, Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba, et al. "The LQB-223 Compound Modulates Antiapoptotic Proteins and Impairs Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Migration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 5063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205063.

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Drug resistance represents a major issue in treating breast cancer, despite the identification of novel therapeutic strategies, biomarkers, and subgroups. We have previously identified the LQB-223, 11a-N-Tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan, as a promising compound in sensitizing doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells, with little toxicity to non-neoplastic cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying LQB-223 antitumor effects in 2D and 3D models of breast cancer. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells had migration and motility profile assessed by wound-healing and phagokinetic track motility assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity in 3D conformation was evaluated by measuring spheroid size and performing acid phosphatase and gelatin migration assays. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Our results show that LQB-223, but not doxorubicin treatment, suppressed the migratory and motility capacity of breast cancer cells. In 3D conformation, LQB-223 remarkably decreased cell viability, as well as reduced 3D culture size and migration. Mechanistically, LQB-223-mediated anticancer effects involved decreased proteins levels of XIAP, c-IAP1, and Mcl-1 chemoresistance-related proteins, but not survivin. Survivin knockdown partially potentiated LQB-223-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, cell treatment with LQB-223 resulted in changes in the mRNA levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, suggesting that it might modulate cell plasticity. Our data demonstrate that LQB-223 impairs 3D culture growth and migration in 2D and 3D models of breast cancer exhibiting different phenotypes.

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Soler, Carles, José Á. Picazo-Bueno, Vicente Micó, Anthony Valverde, Daznia Bompart, Francisco J. Blasco, Juan G. Álvarez, and Almudena García-Molina. "Effect of counting chamber depth on the accuracy of lensless microscopy for the assessment of boar sperm motility." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 6 (2018): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17467.

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Sperm motility is one of the most significant parameters in the prediction of male fertility. Until now, both motility analysis using an optical microscope and computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA-Mot) entailed the use of counting chambers with a depth to 20 µm. Chamber depth significantly affects the intrinsic sperm movement, leading to an artificial motility pattern. For the first time, laser microscopy offers the possibility of avoiding this interference with sperm movement. The aims of the present study were to determine the different motility patterns observed in chambers with depths of 10, 20 and 100 µm using a new holographic approach and to compare the results obtained in the 20-µm chamber with those of the laser and optical CASA-Mot systems. The ISAS®3D-Track results showed that values for curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity, wobble and beat cross frequency were higher for the 100-µm chambers than for the 10- and 20-µm chambers. Only VCL showed a positive correlation between chambers. In addition, Bayesian analysis confirmed that the kinematic parameters observed with the 100-µm chamber were significantly different to those obtained using chambers with depths of 10 and 20 µm. When an optical analyser CASA-Mot system was used, all kinematic parameters, except VCL, were higher with ISAS®3D-Track, but were not relevant after Bayesian analysis. Finally, almost three different three-dimensional motility patterns were recognised. In conclusion, the use of the ISAS®3D-Track allows for the analysis of the natural three-dimensional pattern of sperm movement.

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Stanton, M. M., C. Trichet-Paredes, and S. Sánchez. "Applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing for microswimmers and bio-hybrid robotics." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 7 (2015): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc90019k.

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Diep, Tai The, Sarah Helen Needs, Samuel Bizley, and Alexander D. Edwards. "Rapid Bacterial Motility Monitoring Using Inexpensive 3D-Printed OpenFlexure Microscopy Allows Microfluidic Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111974.

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Antibiotic susceptibility testing is vital to tackle the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Inexpensive digital CMOS cameras can be converted into portable digital microscopes using 3D printed x-y-z stages. Microscopic examination of bacterial motility can rapidly detect the response of microbes to antibiotics to determine susceptibility. Here, we present a new simple microdevice-miniature microscope cell measurement system for multiplexed antibiotic susceptibility testing. The microdevice is made using melt-extruded plastic film strips containing ten parallel 0.2 mm diameter microcapillaries. Two different antibiotics, ceftazidime and gentamicin, were prepared in Mueller-Hinton agar (0.4%) to produce an antibiotic-loaded microdevice for simple sample addition. This combination was selected to closely match current standard methods for both antibiotic susceptibility testing and motility testing. Use of low agar concentration permits observation of motile bacteria responding to antibiotic exposure as they enter capillaries. This device fits onto the OpenFlexure 3D-printed digital microscope using a Raspberry Pi computer and v2 camera, avoiding need for expensive laboratory microscopes. This inexpensive and portable digital microscope platform had sufficient magnification to detect motile bacteria, yet wide enough field of view to monitor bacteria behavior as they entered antibiotic-loaded microcapillaries. The image quality was sufficient to detect how bacterial motility was inhibited by different concentrations of antibiotic. We conclude that a 3D-printed Raspberry Pi-based microscope combined with disposable microfluidic test strips permit rapid, easy-to-use bacterial motility detection, with potential for aiding detection of antibiotic resistance.

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Borau, Carlos, William J. Polacheck, Roger D. Kamm, and José García-Aznar. "Probabilistic Voxel-Fe model for single cell motility in 3D." In Silico Cell and Tissue Science 1, no. 1 (2014): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-050x-1-2.

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Pruitt, Hawley C., Daniel Lewis, Mark Ciccaglione, Sydney Connor, Quinton Smith, John W. Hickey, Jonathan P. Schneck, and Sharon Gerecht. "Collagen fiber structure guides 3D motility of cytotoxic T lymphocytes." Matrix Biology 85-86 (January 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.003.

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Zhang, F., F. Sun, J. A. van Kan, P. G. Shao, Z. Zheng, R. W. Ge, and F. Watt. "Measurement of cell motility on proton beam micromachined 3D scaffolds." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 231, no. 1-4 (April 2005): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.092.

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Picioreanu, C., J. U. Kreft, M. Klausen, J. A. J. Haagensen, T. Tolker-Nielsen, and S. Molin. "Microbial motility involvement in biofilm structure formation – a 3D modelling study." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 8-9 (April 1, 2007): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.275.

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A computational model explaining formation of mushroom-like biofilm colonies is proposed in this study. The biofilm model combines for the first time cell growth with twitching motility in a three-dimensional individual-based approach. Model simulations describe the tendency of motile cells to form flat biofilms spreading out on the substratum, in contrast with the immotile variants that form only round colonies. These computational results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in flowcells. Simulations reveal that motile cells can possess a serious ecological advantage by becoming less affected by mass transfer limitations. Twitching motility alone appears to be insufficient to generate mushroom-like biofilm structures with caps on stalks. Rather, a substrate limitation-induced detachment of motile cells followed by reattachment could explain this intriguing effect leading to higher-level biofilm structure.

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Dadwal, Ushashi C., Alyssa R. Merkel, Jonathan M. Page, Kristin A. Kwakwa, Michael Kessler, and Julie A. Rhoades. "3D Bone Morphology Alters Gene Expression, Motility, and Drug Responses in Bone Metastatic Tumor Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186913.

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Patients with advanced skeletal metastases arising from primary cancers including breast, lung, and prostate suffer from extreme pain, bone loss, and frequent fractures. While the importance of interactions between bone and tumors is well-established, our understanding of complex cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions remains limited in part due to a lack of appropriate 3D bone models. To improve our understanding of the influence of bone morphometric properties on the regulation of tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD), we utilized bone-like 3D scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Scaffolds were seeded with tumor cells, and changes in cell motility, proliferation, and gene expression were measured. Genes associated with TIBD significantly increased with increasing scaffold rigidity. Drug response differed when tumors were cultured in 3D compared to 2D. Inhibitors for Integrin β3 and TGF-β Receptor II significantly reduced bone-metastatic gene expression in 2D but not 3D, while treatment with the Gli antagonist GANT58 significantly reduced gene expression in both 2D and 3D. When tumor-seeded 3D scaffolds were implanted into mice, infiltration of myeloid progenitors changed in response to pore size and rigidity. This study demonstrates a versatile 3D model of bone used to study the influence of mechanical and morphometric properties of bone on TIBD.

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Yu, Young Soo, Chi Bum Ahn, Kuk Hui Son, and Jin Woo Lee. "Motility Improvement of Biomimetic Trachea Scaffold via Hybrid 3D-Bioprinting Technology." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060971.

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A trachea has a structure capable of responding to various movements such as rotation of the neck and relaxation/contraction of the conduit due to the mucous membrane and cartilage tissue. However, current reported tubular implanting structures are difficult to impelement as replacements for original trachea movements. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new trachea implant with similar anatomical structure and mechanical properties to native tissue using 3D printing technology and evaluated its performance. A 250 µm-thick layer composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers was fabricated on a rotating beam using electrospinning technology, and a scaffold with C-shaped cartilage grooves that mimics the human airway structure was printed to enable reconstruction of cartilage outside the airway. A cartilage type scaffold had a highest rotational angle (254°) among them and it showed up to 2.8 times compared to human average neck rotation angle. The cartilage type showed a maximum elongation of 8 times higher than that of the bellows type and it showed the elongation of 3 times higher than that of cylinder type. In cartilage type scaffold, gelatin hydrogel printed on the outside of the scaffold was remain 22.2% under the condition where no hydrogel was left in other type scaffolds. In addition, after 2 days of breathing test, the amount of gelatin remaining inside the scaffold was more than twice that of other scaffolds. This novel trachea scaffold with hydrogel inside and outside of the structure was well-preserved under external flow and is expected to be advantageous for soft tissue reconstruction of the trachea.

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Provenzano, Paolo P., Kevin W. Eliceiri, and Patricia J. Keely. "Shining new light on 3D cell motility and the metastatic process." Trends in Cell Biology 19, no. 11 (November 2009): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2009.08.009.

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Petrie, Ryan J., and Kenneth M. Yamada. "Fibroblasts Lead the Way: A Unified View of 3D Cell Motility." Trends in Cell Biology 25, no. 11 (November 2015): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.013.

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Xiao, Hang, Ying Li, Jiulin Du, and Axel Mosig. "Ct3d: tracking microglia motility in 3D using a novel cosegmentation approach." Bioinformatics 27, no. 4 (December 24, 2010): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq691.

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Wang, Pengbo, Marcel Dreger, Elena Madrazo, Craig J. Williams, Rafael Samaniego, Nigel W. Hodson, Francisco Monroy, et al. "WDR5 modulates cell motility and morphology and controls nuclear changes induced by a 3D environment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (July 9, 2018): 8581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719405115.

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Cell migration through extracellular matrices requires nuclear deformation, which depends on nuclear stiffness. In turn, chromatin structure contributes to nuclear stiffness, but the mechanosensing pathways regulating chromatin during cell migration remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), an essential component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes, regulates cell polarity, nuclear deformability, and migration of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo, independent of transcriptional activity, suggesting nongenomic functions for WDR5. Similarly, depletion of RbBP5 (another H3K4 methyltransferase subunit) promotes similar defects. We reveal that a 3D environment increases the H3K4 methylation dependent on WDR5 and results in a globally less compacted chromatin conformation. Further, using atomic force microscopy, nuclear particle tracking, and nuclear swelling experiments, we detect changes in nuclear mechanics that accompany the epigenetic changes induced in 3D conditions. Indeed, nuclei from cells in 3D environments were softer, and thereby more deformable, compared with cells in suspension or cultured in 2D conditions, again dependent on WDR5. Dissecting the underlying mechanism, we determined that actomyosin contractility, through the phosphorylation of myosin by MLCK (myosin light chain kinase), controls the interaction of WDR5 with other components of the methyltransferase complex, which in turn up-regulates H3K4 methylation activation in 3D conditions. Taken together, our findings reveal a nongenomic function for WDR5 in regulating H3K4 methylation induced by 3D environments, physical properties of the nucleus, cell polarity, and cell migratory capacity.

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Scott, M., K. Żychaluk, and R. N. Bearon. "A mathematical framework for modelling 3D cell motility: applications to glioblastoma cell migration." Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA 38, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqab009.

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Abstract The collection of 3D cell tracking data from live images of micro-tissues is a recent innovation made possible due to advances in imaging techniques. As such there is increased interest in studying cell motility in 3D in vitro model systems but a lack of rigorous methodology for analysing the resulting data sets. One such instance of the use of these in vitro models is in the study of cancerous tumours. Growing multicellular tumour spheroids in vitro allows for modelling of the tumour microenvironment and the study of tumour cell behaviours, such as migration, which improves understanding of these cells and in turn could potentially improve cancer treatments. In this paper, we present a workflow for the rigorous analysis of 3D cell tracking data, based on the persistent random walk model, but adaptable to other biologically informed mathematical models. We use statistical measures to assess the fit of the model to the motility data and to estimate model parameters and provide confidence intervals for those parameters, to allow for parametrization of the model taking correlation in the data into account. We use in silico simulations to validate the workflow in 3D before testing our method on cell tracking data taken from in vitro experiments on glioblastoma tumour cells, a brain cancer with a very poor prognosis. The presented approach is intended to be accessible to both modellers and experimentalists alike in that it provides tools for uncovering features of the data set that may suggest amendments to future experiments or modelling attempts.

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Meyer, Aaron S., Shannon K. Hughes-Alford, Jennifer E. Kay, Amalchi Castillo, Alan Wells, Frank B. Gertler, and Douglas A. Lauffenburger. "2D protrusion but not motility predicts growth factor–induced cancer cell migration in 3D collagen." Journal of Cell Biology 197, no. 6 (June 4, 2012): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201201003.

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Growth factor–induced migration is a critical step in the dissemination and metastasis of solid tumors. Although differences in properties characterizing cell migration on two-dimensional (2D) substrata versus within three-dimensional (3D) matrices have been noted for particular growth factor stimuli, the 2D approach remains in more common use as an efficient surrogate, especially for high-throughput experiments. We therefore were motivated to investigate which migration properties measured in various 2D assays might be reflective of 3D migratory behavioral responses. We used human triple-negative breast cancer lines stimulated by a panel of receptor tyrosine kinase ligands relevant to mammary carcinoma progression. Whereas 2D migration properties did not correlate well with 3D behavior across multiple growth factors, we found that increased membrane protrusion elicited by growth factor stimulation did relate robustly to enhanced 3D migration properties of the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 lines. Interestingly, we observed this to be a more reliable relationship than cognate receptor expression or activation levels across these and two additional mammary tumor lines.

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Freund, Sandra, Beate Czech, Konrad Trülzsch, Nikolaus Ackermann, and Jürgen Heesemann. "Unusual, Virulence Plasmid-Dependent Growth Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in Three-Dimensional Collagen Gels." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (April 11, 2008): 4111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00156-08.

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ABSTRACT As a first approach to establishing a three-dimensional culture infection model, we studied the growth behavior of the extracellular pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica in three-dimensional collagen gels (3D-CoG). Surprisingly, we observed that plasmidless Y. enterocolitica was motile in the 3D-CoG in contrast to its growth in traditional motility agar at 37°C. Motility at 37°C was abrogated in the presence of the virulence plasmid pYV or the exclusive expression of the pYV-located Yersinia adhesion gene yadA. YadA-producing yersiniae formed densely packed (dp) microcolonies, whereas pYVΔyadA-carrying yersiniae formed loosely packed microcolonies at 37°C in 3D-CoG. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the packing density of the microcolonies was dependent on the head domain of YadA. Moreover, dp microcolony formation did not depend on the capacity of YadA to bind to collagen fibers, as demonstrated by the use of yersiniae producing collagen nonbinding YadA. By using a yopE-gfp reporter, we demonstrated Ca2+-dependent expression of this pYV-localized virulence gene by yersiniae in 3D-CoG. In conclusion, this study revealed unique plasmid-dependent growth behavior of yersiniae in a three-dimensional matrix environment that resembles the behavior of yersiniae (e.g., formation of microcolonies) in infected mouse tissue. Thus, this 3D-CoG model may be a first step to a more complex level of in vitro infection models that mimic living tissue, enabling us to study the dynamics of pathogen-host cell interactions.

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Sirico, Daniele Gaetano, Elena Cavalletti, Lisa Miccio, Vittorio Bianco, Pasquale Memmolo, Angela Sardo, and Pietro Ferraro. "Kinematic analysis and visualization of Tetraselmis microalgae 3D motility by digital holography." Applied Optics 61, no. 5 (January 24, 2022): B331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.444976.

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Soil, David R. "Application of 2D and 3D dynamic image analyzing systems to cell motility." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085125.

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Most noncilliated and nonflagellated animal cells change their shape in the act of translocation. These shape changes are intimately involved in the process of translocation and represent complex and coordinated cytoskeletal and membrane reorganization. Unfortunately, as microscopists we have too often viewed the motile cell as a static structure, and we have used our information on the static organization of the cytoskeleton to generate models of cellular motility. In 1987, we developed a computer-assisted 2 dimensional dynamic image analysis system (DMS) which dynamically analyzed motion and shape changes accom panying cellular translocation. In the past year, we have developed an advanced system, 2D-DIAS. In this system, videorecordings or live videos of cells are digitized into the 2D-DIAS data file and motion analyzed. The system computes more than 50 parameters of motion and dynamic morphology every thirtieth of a second for up to 50 cells in parallel.

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Arcizet, Delphine, Sofia Capito, Mari Gorelashvili, Carolin Leonhardt, Marion Vollmer, Simon Youssef, Susanne Rappl, and Doris Heinrich. "Contact-controlled amoeboid motility induces dynamic cell trapping in 3D-microstructured surfaces." Soft Matter 8, no. 5 (2012): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05615h.

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Abu Hamed, Mohammad, and Alexander A. Nepomnyashchy. "Three-dimensional phase field model for actin-based cell membrane dynamics." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 16 (2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2021048.

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The interface dynamics of a 3D cell immersed in a 3D extracellular matrix is investigated. We suggest a 3D generalization of a known 2D minimal phase field model suggested in Ziebert et al. [J. R. Soc. Interface 9 (2012) 1084–1092] for the description of keratocyte motility. Our model consists of two coupled evolution equations for the order parameter and a three-dimensional vector field describing the actin network polarization (orientation). We derive a closed evolutionary integro-differential equation governing the interface dynamics of a 3D cell. The equation includes the normal velocity of the membrane, its curvature, cell volume relaxation, and a parameter that is determined by the non-equilibrium effects in the cytoskeleton. This equation can be considered as a 3D generalization of the 2D case that was studied in Abu Hamed and Nepomnyashchy [Physica D 408 (2020)].

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Das, Anupam, Sagarika Nag, Anne B. Mason, and Margarida M. Barroso. "Endosome–mitochondria interactions are modulated by iron release from transferrin." Journal of Cell Biology 214, no. 7 (September 19, 2016): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201602069.

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Transient “kiss and run” interactions between endosomes containing iron-bound transferrin (Tf) and mitochondria have been shown to facilitate direct iron transfer in erythroid cells. In this study, we used superresolution three-dimensional (3D) direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to show that Tf-containing endosomes directly interact with mitochondria in epithelial cells. We used live-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, followed by 3D rendering, object tracking, and a distance transformation algorithm, to track Tf-endosomes and characterize the dynamics of their interactions with mitochondria. Quenching of iron sensor RDA-labeled mitochondria confirmed functional iron transfer by an interacting Tf-endosome. The motility of Tf-endosomes is significantly reduced upon interaction with mitochondria. To further assess the functional role of iron in the ability of Tf-endosomes to interact with mitochondria, we blocked endosomal iron release by using a Tf K206E/K534A mutant. Blocking intraendosomal iron release led to significantly increased motility of Tf-endosomes and increased duration of endosome–mitochondria interactions. Thus, intraendosomal iron regulates the kinetics of the interactions between Tf-containing endosomes and mitochondria in epithelial cells.

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Yamazaki, D., S. Kurisu, and T. Takenawa. "Involvement of Rac and Rho signaling in cancer cell motility in 3D substrates." Oncogene 28, no. 13 (February 23, 2009): 1570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.2.

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Kunschmann, Tom, Stefanie Puder, Tony Fischer, Jeremy Perez, Nils Wilharm, and Claudia Tanja Mierke. "Integrin-linked kinase regulates cellular mechanics facilitating the motility in 3D extracellular matrices." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1864, no. 3 (March 2017): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.019.

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Aghajanian, Haig, Connie Choi, Vivienne C. Ho, Mudit Gupta, Manvendra K. Singh, and Jonathan A. Epstein. "Semaphorin 3d and Semaphorin 3e Direct Endothelial Motility through Distinct Molecular Signaling Pathways." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 26 (May 13, 2014): 17971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.544833.

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Fu, Gang, Lei Zhao, Erin Dymek, Yuqing Hou, Kangkang Song, Nhan Phan, Zhiguo Shang, Elizabeth F. Smith, George B. Witman, and Daniela Nicastro. "Structural organization of the C1a-e-c supercomplex within the ciliary central apparatus." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 12 (October 31, 2019): 4236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201906006.

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Nearly all motile cilia contain a central apparatus (CA) composed of two connected singlet microtubules with attached projections that play crucial roles in regulating ciliary motility. Defects in CA assembly usually result in motility-impaired or paralyzed cilia, which in humans causes disease. Despite their importance, the protein composition and functions of the CA projections are largely unknown. Here, we integrated biochemical and genetic approaches with cryo-electron tomography to compare the CA of wild-type Chlamydomonas with CA mutants. We identified a large (>2 MD) complex, the C1a-e-c supercomplex, that requires the PF16 protein for assembly and contains the CA components FAP76, FAP81, FAP92, and FAP216. We localized these subunits within the supercomplex using nanogold labeling and show that loss of any one of them results in impaired ciliary motility. These data provide insight into the subunit organization and 3D structure of the CA, which is a prerequisite for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the CA regulates ciliary beating.

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Kim, Beum Jun, Pimkhuan Hannanta-anan, Anders Ryd, Melody A. Swartz, and Mingming Wu. "Lymphoidal chemokine CCL19 promoted the heterogeneity of the breast tumor cell motility within a 3D microenvironment revealed by a Lévy distribution analysis." Integrative Biology 12, no. 1 (January 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intbio/zyaa001.

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Abstract Tumor cell heterogeneity, either at the genotypic or the phenotypic level, is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells exhibit large variations, even among cells derived from the same origin, including cell morphology, speed and motility type. However, current work for quantifying tumor cell behavior is largely population based and does not address the question of cell heterogeneity. In this article, we utilize Lévy distribution analysis, a method known in both social and physical sciences for quantifying rare events, to characterize the heterogeneity of tumor cell motility. Specifically, we studied the breast tumor cell (MDA-MB-231 cell line) velocity statistics when the cells were subject to well-defined lymphoid chemokine (CCL19) gradients using a microfluidic platform. Experimental results showed that the tail end of the velocity distribution of breast tumor cell was well described by a Lévy function. The measured Lévy exponent revealed that cell motility was more heterogeneous when CCL19 concentration was near the dynamic kinetic binding constant to its corresponding receptor CCR7. This work highlighted the importance of tumor microenvironment in modulating tumor cell heterogeneity and invasion.

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Suh, Young Joon, Mrinal Pandey, Jeffrey E. Segall, and Mingming Wu. "Tumor spheroid invasion in epidermal growth factor gradients revealed by a 3D microfluidic device." Physical Biology 19, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 036002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/ac54c7.

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Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent cytokine, is known to promote tumor invasion both in vivo and in vitro. Previously, we observed that single breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231 cell line) embedded within a 3D collagen matrix displayed enhanced motility but no discernible chemotaxis in the presence of linear EGF gradients using a microfluidic platform. Inspired by a recent theoretical development that clustered mammalian cells respond differently to chemical gradients than single cells, we studied tumor spheroid invasion within a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) in the presence of EGF gradients. We found that EGF gradients promoted tumor cell detachment from the spheroid core, and the position of the tumor spheroid core showed a mild chemotactic response towards the EGF gradients. For those tumor cells detached from the spheroids, they showed an enhanced motility response in contrast to previous experimental results using single cells embedded within an ECM. No discernible chemotactic response towards the EGF gradients was found for the cells outside the spheroid core. This work demonstrates that a cluster of tumor cells responds differently than single tumor cells towards EGF gradients and highlights the importance of a tumor spheroid platform for tumor invasion studies.

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Christensen, Alexander Kier, Matthew D. Piggott, Erik van Sebille, Maarten van Reeuwijk, and Samraat Pawar. "Investigating microscale patchiness of motile microbes under turbulence in a simulated convective mixed layer." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): e1010291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010291.

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Microbes play a primary role in aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Spatial patchiness is a critical factor underlying these activities, influencing biological productivity, nutrient cycling and dynamics across trophic levels. Incorporating spatial dynamics into microbial models is a long-standing challenge, particularly where small-scale turbulence is involved. Here, we combine a fully 3D direct numerical simulation of convective mixed layer turbulence, with an individual-based microbial model to test the key hypothesis that the coupling of gyrotactic motility and turbulence drives intense microscale patchiness. The fluid model simulates turbulent convection caused by heat loss through the fluid surface, for example during the night, during autumnal or winter cooling or during a cold-air outbreak. We find that under such conditions, turbulence-driven patchiness is depth-structured and requires high motility: Near the fluid surface, intense convective turbulence overpowers motility, homogenising motile and non-motile microbes approximately equally. At greater depth, in conditions analogous to a thermocline, highly motile microbes can be over twice as patch-concentrated as non-motile microbes, and can substantially amplify their swimming velocity by efficiently exploiting fast-moving packets of fluid. Our results substantiate the predictions of earlier studies, and demonstrate that turbulence-driven patchiness is not a ubiquitous consequence of motility but rather a delicate balance of motility and turbulent intensity.

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Wille, Christoph, Conny Köhler, Milena Armacki, Arsia Jamali, Ulrike Gössele, Klaus Pfizenmaier, Thomas Seufferlein, and Tim Eiseler. "Protein kinase D2 induces invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinases." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 3 (February 2014): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0334.

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Pancreatic cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis are major challenges for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms are involved in controlling tumor cell motility, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In particular PKD2 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, whereas PKD1 expression is lowered. We report that both kinases control pancreatic cancer cell invasive properties in an isoform-specific manner. PKD2 enhances invasion in three-dimensional extracellular matrix (3D-ECM) cultures by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9 (MMP7/9), by which MMP7 is likely to act upstream of MMP9. Knockdown of MMP7/9 blocks PKD2-mediated invasion in 3D-ECM assays and in vivo using tumors growing on chorioallantois membranes. Furthermore, MMP9 enhances PKD2-mediated tumor angiogenesis by releasing extracellular matrix–bound vascular endothelial growth factor A, increasing its bioavailability and angiogenesis. Of interest, specific knockdown of PKD1 in PKD2-expressing pancreatic cancer cells further enhanced the invasive properties in 3D-ECM systems by generating a high-motility phenotype. Loss of PKD1 thus may be beneficial for tumor cells to enhance their matrix-invading abilities. In conclusion, we define for the first time PKD1 and 2 isoform–selective effects on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo, addressing PKD isoform specificity as a major factor for future therapeutic strategies.

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Soll, David R., Deborah Wessels, Paul J. Heid, and Edward Voss. "Computer-Assisted Reconstruction and Motion Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Cell." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.70.

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Even though several microscopic techniques provide three-dimensional (3D) information on fixed and living cells, the perception persists that cells are two-dimensional (2D). Cells are, in fact, 3D and their behavior, including the extension of pseudopods, includes an important 3D component. Although treating the cell as a 2D entity has proven effective in understanding how cells locomote, and in identifying defects in a variety of mutant and abnormal cells, there are cases in which 3D reconstruction and analysis are essential. Here, we describe advanced computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and motion analysis programs for both individual live, crawling cells and developing embryos. These systems (3D-DIAS, 3D-DIASemb) can be used to reconstruct and motion analyze at short time intervals the nucleus and pseudopodia as well as the entire surface of a single migrating cell, or every cell and nucleus in a developing embryo. Because all images are converted to mathematical representations, a variety of motility and dynamic morphology parameters can be computed that have proven quite valuable in the identification of mutant behaviors. We also describe examples of mutant behaviors in Dictyostelium that were revealed through 3D analysis.

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Hind, Laurel E., Patrick N. Ingram, David J. Beebe, and Anna Huttenlocher. "Interaction with an endothelial lumen increases neutrophil lifetime and motility in response to P aeruginosa." Blood 132, no. 17 (October 25, 2018): 1818–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-05-848465.

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Abstract Neutrophil infiltration into tissues is essential for host defense and pathogen clearance. Although many of the signaling pathways involved in the transendothelial migration of neutrophils are known, the role of the endothelium in regulating neutrophil behavior in response to infection within interstitial tissues remains unclear. Here we developed a microscale 3-dimensional (3D) model that incorporates an endothelial lumen, a 3D extracellular matrix, and an intact bacterial source to model the host microenvironment. Using this system, we show that an endothelial lumen significantly increased neutrophil migration toward a source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surprisingly, we found neutrophils, which were thought to be short-lived cells in vitro, migrate for up to 24 hours in 3D in the presence of an endothelial lumen and bacteria. In addition, we found that endothelial cells secrete inflammatory mediators induced by the presence of P aeruginosa, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a known promoter of neutrophil survival, and interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine. We found that pretreatment of neutrophils with a blocking antibody against the IL-6 receptor significantly reduced neutrophil migration to P aeruginosa but did not alter neutrophil lifetime, indicating that secreted IL-6 is an important signal between endothelial cells and neutrophils that mediates migration. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an important role for endothelial paracrine signaling in neutrophil migration and survival.

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Mappley, Luke J., Monika A. Tchórzewska, William A. Cooley, Martin J. Woodward, and Roberto M. La Ragione. "Lactobacilli Antagonize the Growth, Motility, and Adherence of Brachyspira pilosicoli: a Potential Intervention against Avian Intestinal Spirochetosis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 15 (June 10, 2011): 5402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00185-11.

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ABSTRACTAvian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenicBrachyspiraspecies. The number of cases of AIS has increased since the 2006 European Union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance inBrachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. Probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, and here we investigate which aspects of the biology ofBrachyspirathey antagonize in order to identify possible interventions against AIS. The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of twoLactobacillusstrains,Lactobacillus reuteriLM1 andLactobacillus salivariusLM2, suppressed the growth ofBrachyspira pilosicoliB2904 in a pH-dependent manner. Inin vitroadherence and invasion assays with HT29-16E three-dimensional (3D) cells and in a novel avian cecalin vitroorgan culture (IVOC) model, the adherence and invasion ofB. pilosicoliin epithelial cells were reduced significantly by the presence of lactobacilli (P< 0.001). In addition, live and heat-inactivated lactobacilli inhibited the motility ofB. pilosicoli, and electron microscopic observations indicated that contact between the lactobacilli andBrachyspirawas crucial in inhibiting both adherence and motility. These data suggest that motility is essential forB. pilosicolito adhere to and invade the gut epithelium and that any interference of motility may be a useful tool for the development of control strategies.

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Gras, Simon, Allison Jackson, Stuart Woods, Gurman Pall, Jamie Whitelaw, Jacqueline M. Leung, Gary E. Ward, Craig W. Roberts, and Markus Meissner. "Parasites lacking the micronemal protein MIC2 are deficient in surface attachment and host cell egress, but remain virulent in vivo." Wellcome Open Research 2 (May 19, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11594.1.

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Background: Micronemal proteins of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family are believed to play essential roles during gliding motility and host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, and currently represent major vaccine candidates against Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. However, recent evidence suggests that they play multiple and different roles than previously assumed. Here, we analyse a null mutant for MIC2, the TRAP homolog in Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: We performed a careful analysis of parasite motility in a 3D-environment, attachment under shear stress conditions, host cell invasion and in vivo virulence. Results: We verified the role of MIC2 in efficient surface attachment, but were unable to identify any direct function of MIC2 in sustaining gliding motility or host cell invasion once initiated. Furthermore, we find that deletion of mic2 causes a slightly delayed infection in vivo, leading only to mild attenuation of virulence; like with wildtype parasites, inoculation with even low numbers of mic2 KO parasites causes lethal disease in mice. However, deletion of mic2 causes delayed host cell egress in vitro, possibly via disrupted signal transduction pathways. Conclusions: We confirm a critical role of MIC2 in parasite attachment to the surface, leading to reduced parasite motility and host cell invasion. However, MIC2 appears to not be critical for gliding motility or host cell invasion, since parasite speed during these processes is unaffected. Furthermore, deletion of MIC2 leads only to slight attenuation of the parasite.

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Gras, Simon, Allison Jackson, Stuart Woods, Gurman Pall, Jamie Whitelaw, Jacqueline M. Leung, Gary E. Ward, Craig W. Roberts, and Markus Meissner. "Parasites lacking the micronemal protein MIC2 are deficient in surface attachment and host cell egress, but remain virulent in vivo." Wellcome Open Research 2 (July 24, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11594.2.

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Background: Micronemal proteins of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family are believed to play essential roles during gliding motility and host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, and currently represent major vaccine candidates against Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. However, recent evidence suggests that they play multiple and different roles than previously assumed. Here, we analyse a null mutant for MIC2, the TRAP homolog in Toxoplasma gondii. Methods: We performed a careful analysis of parasite motility in a 3D-environment, attachment under shear stress conditions, host cell invasion and in vivo virulence. Results: We verified the role of MIC2 in efficient surface attachment, but were unable to identify any direct function of MIC2 in sustaining gliding motility or host cell invasion once initiated. Furthermore, we find that deletion of mic2 causes a slightly delayed infection in vivo, leading only to mild attenuation of virulence; like with wildtype parasites, inoculation with even low numbers of mic2 KO parasites causes lethal disease in mice. However, deletion of mic2 causes delayed host cell egress in vitro, possibly via disrupted signal transduction pathways. Conclusions: We confirm a critical role of MIC2 in parasite attachment to the surface, leading to reduced parasite motility and host cell invasion. However, MIC2 appears to not be critical for gliding motility or host cell invasion, since parasite speed during these processes is unaffected. Furthermore, deletion of MIC2 leads only to slight attenuation of the parasite.

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Hohmann, Urszula, Christoph Walsleben, Chalid Ghadban, Frank Kirchhoff, Faramarz Dehghani, and Tim Hohmann. "Interaction of Glia Cells with Glioblastoma and Melanoma Cells under the Influence of Phytocannabinoids." Cells 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010147.

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Brain tumor heterogeneity and progression are subject to complex interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Glioblastoma and brain metastasis can contain 30–40% of tumor-associated macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, affecting migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we analyzed interactions between glial cells and LN229 glioblastoma or A375 melanoma cells in the context of motility and cell–cell interactions in a 3D model. Furthermore, the effects of phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC), or their co-application were analyzed. Co-culture of tumor cells with glial cells had little effect on 3D spheroid formation, while treatment with cannabinoids led to significantly larger spheroids. The addition of astrocytes blocked cannabinoid-induced effects. None of the interventions affected cell death. Furthermore, glial cell-conditioned media led to a significant slowdown in collective, but not single-cell migration speed. Taken together, glial cells in glioblastoma and brain metastasis micromilieu impact the tumor spheroid formation, cell spreading, and motility. Since the size of spheroid remained unaffected in glial cell tumor co-cultures, phytocannabinoids increased the size of spheroids without any effects on migration. This aspect might be of relevance since phytocannabinoids are frequently used in tumor therapy for side effects.

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Inoue, Takuro, Hisao Hirai, Toshiki Shimizu, Masayuki Tsuji, Ayako Shima, Fumio Suzuki, and Masayuki Matsuda. "Ocular neuromyotonia treated by microvascular decompression: usefulness of preoperative 3D imaging." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 6 (December 2012): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.9.jns112361.

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Ocular neuromyotonia is a rare ocular motility disorder characterized by involuntary contraction of extraocular muscles resulting in paroxysmal diplopia. Although ocular neuromyotonia is reported as a rare complication after radiation therapy, there are a few cases of ocular neuromyotonia in the absence of irradiation. In the reported cases the possibility of vascular compression has been suggested on radiological imaging. The authors report a case of ocular neuromyotonia treated by microvascular decompression of the third cranial nerve, supporting the hypothesis that neurovascular compression may play a role in its pathogenesis. The usefulness of preoperative 3D imaging for microvascular decompression is also discussed.

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Mommaerts, Maurice Y., Michael Büttner, Herman Vercruysse, Lauri Wauters, and Maikel Beerens. "Orbital Wall Reconstruction with Two-Piece Puzzle 3D Printed Implants: Technical Note." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 9, no. 1 (March 2016): 055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1563392.

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The purpose of this article is to describe a technique for secondary reconstruction of traumatic orbital wall defects using titanium implants that act as three-dimensional (3D) puzzle pieces. We present three cases of large defect reconstruction using implants produced by Xilloc Medical B.V. (Maastricht, the Netherlands) with a 3D printer manufactured by LayerWise (3D Systems; Heverlee, Belgium), and designed using the biomedical engineering software programs ProPlan and 3-Matic (Materialise, Heverlee, Belgium). The smaller size of the implants allowed sequential implantation for the reconstruction of extensive two-wall defects via a limited transconjunctival incision. The precise fit of the implants with regard to the surrounding ledges and each other was confirmed by intraoperative 3D imaging (Mobile C-arm Systems B.V. Pulsera, Philips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, the Netherlands). The patients showed near-complete restoration of orbital volume and ocular motility. However, challenges remain, including traumatic fat atrophy and fibrosis.

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Dolat, Lee, John L. Hunyara, Jonathan R. Bowen, Eva Pauline Karasmanis, Maha Elgawly, Vitold E. Galkin, and Elias T. Spiliotis. "Septins promote stress fiber–mediated maturation of focal adhesions and renal epithelial motility." Journal of Cell Biology 207, no. 2 (October 27, 2014): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201405050.

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Organogenesis and tumor metastasis involve the transformation of epithelia to highly motile mesenchymal-like cells. Septins are filamentous G proteins, which are overexpressed in metastatic carcinomas, but their functions in epithelial motility are unknown. Here, we show that a novel network of septin filaments underlies the organization of the transverse arc and radial (dorsal) stress fibers at the leading lamella of migrating renal epithelia. Surprisingly, septin depletion resulted in smaller and more transient and peripheral focal adhesions. This phenotype was accompanied by a highly disorganized lamellar actin network and rescued by the actin bundling protein α-actinin-1. We show that preassembled actin filaments are cross-linked directly by Septin 9 (SEPT9), whose expression is increased after induction of renal epithelial motility with the hepatocyte growth factor. Significantly, SEPT9 overexpression enhanced renal cell migration in 2D and 3D matrices, whereas SEPT9 knockdown decreased migration. These results suggest that septins promote epithelial motility by reinforcing the cross-linking of lamellar stress fibers and the stability of nascent focal adhesions.

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Worth, Daniel C., Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke, Stephen D. Robinson, Samantha J. King, Penny E. Morton, Frank B. Gertler, Martin J. Humphries, and Maddy Parsons. "αvβ3 integrin spatially regulates VASP and RIAM to control adhesion dynamics and migration." Journal of Cell Biology 189, no. 2 (April 19, 2010): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200912014.

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Integrins are fundamental to the control of protrusion and motility in adherent cells. However, the mechanisms by which specific members of this receptor family cooperate in signaling to cytoskeletal and adhesion dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show that the loss of β3 integrin in fibroblasts results in enhanced focal adhesion turnover and migration speed but impaired directional motility on both 2D and 3D matrices. These motility defects are coupled with an increased rate of actin-based protrusion. Analysis of downstream signaling events reveals that loss of β3 integrin results in a loss of protein kinase A–dependent phosphorylation of the actin regulatory protein vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Dephosphorylated VASP in β3-null cells is preferentially associated with Rap1-GTP–interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) both in vitro and in vivo, which leads to enhanced formation of a VASP–RIAM complex at focal adhesions and subsequent increased binding of talin to β1 integrin. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which αvβ3 integrin acts to locally suppress β1 integrin activation and regulate protrusion, adhesion dynamics, and persistent migration.

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Barten, D., Z. Van Kesteren, J. Visser, J. Laan, H. Westerveld, and A. Bel. "PO-1730: Development of a framework to quantify bowel motility in 3D using MRI." Radiotherapy and Oncology 152 (November 2020): S958—S959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01748-5.

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Yoon, Bo Kyung, Nahee Hwang, Kyu-Hye Chun, Yoseob Lee, Tatiana Patricia Mendes Duarte, Jae-Won Kim, Tae-Hyun Kim, Jae-Ho Cheong, Sungsoon Fang, and Jae-woo Kim. "Sp1-Induced FNBP1 Drives Rigorous 3D Cell Motility in EMT-Type Gastric Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 6784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136784.

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Cancer is heterogeneous among patients, requiring a thorough understanding of molecular subtypes and the establishment of therapeutic strategies based on its behavior. Gastric cancer (GC) is adenocarcinoma with marked heterogeneity leading to different prognoses. As an effort, we previously identified a stem-like subtype, which is prone to metastasis, with the worst prognosis. Here, we propose FNBP1 as a key to high-level cell motility, present only in aggressive GC cells. FNBP1 is also up-regulated in both the GS subtype from the TCGA project and the EMT subtype from the ACRG study, which include high portions of diffuse histologic type. Ablation of FNBP1 in the EMT-type GC cell line brought changes in the cell periphery in transcriptomic analysis. Indeed, loss of FNBP1 resulted in the loss of invasive ability, especially in a three-dimensional culture system. Live imaging indicated active movement of actin in FNBP1-overexpressed cells cultured in an extracellular matrix dome. To find the transcription factor which drives FNBP1 expression in an EMT-type GC cell line, the FNBP1 promoter region and DNA binding motifs were analyzed. Interestingly, the Sp1 motif was abundant in the promoter, and pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of Sp1 down-regulated FNBP1 promoter activity and the transcription level, respectively. Taken together, our results propose Sp1-driven FNBP1 as a key molecule explaining aggressiveness in EMT-type GC cells.

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Felber, J., S. Paetzold, H. Richert, and A. Stallmach. "3D-MAGMA: A novel way of measuring gastrointestinal motility in patients with infectious diarrhoea." Gut 60, Suppl 1 (March 13, 2011): A153—A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.2011.239301.325.

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Journal articles on the topic '3D motility'

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