Journal articles: '3D model analysis'

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KAWAGUCHI, Yuki. "Utilization of 3D Annotated Model for 3D Tolerance Analysis." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 83, no. 8 (2017): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.83.737.

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Best, R. W. B., B. Faatz, D. Oepts, P. W. van Amersfoort, E. Jerby, and T. M. Tran. "3D particle simulation and 3D linear model analysis of FELIX." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 285, no. 1-2 (December 1989): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90452-x.

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Wu, Youping, and Zhihui Zhou. "Intelligent City 3D Modeling Model Based on Multisource Data Point Cloud Algorithm." Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (July 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6135829.

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With the rapid development of smart cities, intelligent navigation, and autonomous driving, how to quickly obtain 3D spatial information of urban buildings and build a high-precision 3D fine model has become a key problem to be solved. As the two-dimensional mapping results have constrained various needs in people’s social life, coupled with the concept of digital city and advocacy, making three-dimensional, virtualization and actualization become the common pursuit of people’s goals. However, the original point cloud obtained is always incomplete due to reasons such as occlusion during acquisition and data density decreasing with distance, resulting in extracted boundaries that are often incomplete as well. In this paper, based on the study of current mainstream 3D model data organization methods, geographic grids and map service specifications, and other related technologies, an intelligent urban 3D modeling model based on multisource data point cloud algorithm is designed for the two problems of unified organization and expression of urban multisource 3D model data. A point cloud preprocessing process is also designed: point cloud noise reduction and downsampling to ensure the original point cloud geometry structure remain unchanged, while improving the point cloud quality and reducing the number of point clouds. By outputting to a common 3D format, the 3D model constructed in this paper can be applied to many fields such as urban planning and design, architectural landscape design, urban management, emergency disaster relief, environmental protection, and virtual tourism.

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Wang, Cuixia. "Optimization of Three-Dimensional Model of Landscape Space Based on Big Data Analysis." Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7002983.

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Based on virtual reality technology, landscape 3D modeling provides users with the possibility to construct a simulated garden landscape environment design effect online, so it has high requirements for accuracy. With the continuous improvement of precision requirements, the number of people involved in the construction of 3D models is also increasing, which puts forward higher requirements for modeling. Based on this, this paper studies the optimization strategy of landscape space 3D model based on big data analysis. Based on the analysis of the establishment of the 3D model and the related algorithm research, this paper analyzes the optimal design of the 3D model under the background of big data. In the 3D modeling of the edge folded area, it is based on the traditional quadratic error measurement grid simplification algorithm, combined with the vertex error matrix to simplify, so as to shorten the modeling time. Based on an efficient search algorithm, an adaptive nonsearch fractal image compression and decoding method is proposed in the image compression and decoding stage of 3D modeling. The search is performed by specifying the defined area block. Finally, an experiment is designed to analyze the performance of the optimization algorithm. The results show that the improved edge folding region algorithm can reduce errors on the basis of ensuring image quality, and the adaptive search algorithm can shorten the search time and improve the compression rate. This method provides a technical reference for the visualization experience and simulation system of garden landscape design and improves the presentation quality of virtual garden landscape design scenes.

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Li, Xinhua, and Chunyou Sun. "Inertial manifolds for the 3D modified-Leray-α model." Journal of Differential Equations 268, no. 4 (February 2020): 1532–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2019.09.001.

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Suziedelyte Visockiene, J., and E. Tumeliene. "ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN 3D BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W2 (September 20, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w2-65-2019.

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Abstract. The implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in each project, which is planned, have a design and construction stages. In the construction stage the objects are modelled by architects, engineers, and surveyors. Modelling process allowed to construct a BIM, which replaces two-dimensional (2D) building information into a three-dimensional (3D). Noticed that 3D BIM created by surveyors is not the same as 3D BIM, which is created by architects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the differences of the created 2D draftings made by 3D models between surveyors and architect’s. The surveyors make their model by using Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system: Airborne Drone Data and Data photogrammetric processing technology. The 3D models accuracy is assessed by UAV images processing. The 3D information should be used to calculate façade geometry, volume, distances, contours, which are in the shadowed side of the house, and create 2D façade draftings. Traditionally, architects used 2D building’s façade draftings for pre-design in Construction Projects (CP). 3D architectural model is created by using structural 2D draftings created with Autodesk software. The architectural 3D model is more convenient for the general design and the visual view, it is easily to evaluate the impact of the changes that will be made. The 3D architectural model helps to finish a project at a low cost and also to evaluate the effect of the changes made. The 3D model from surveys measurements shows real view of an object (with deformations), meanwhile the 3D model from architects is a corrected image. Discrepancies between surveyors and architect’s 2D models made by 3D virtual reality (VR) are analysed in this article.

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Lederer, J., and R. Lewandowski. "A RANS 3D model with unbounded eddy viscosities." Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare (C) Non Linear Analysis 24, no. 3 (May 2007): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.03.011.

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Chen, Mei, Fei Zheng, and Na Li. "3D Model Transformation of Waveguide Slot Array Antenna in Mechanical-Electromagnetic Analyses." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1487.

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The mechanical errors in a mobile waveguide slot array antenna will finally influence the electromagnetic performances. Hence it is necessary to understand the relationship between them, which requires mechanical-electromagnetic analyses. The 3D models in both mechanical analysis and electromagnetic analysis are greatly different. They need a precise connection and transformation. The paper proposes an effective 3D model transformation method. From 3D geometric model to 3D mechanical model, and then to 3D electromagnetic model, the precise connection and transformation can be finished. It can be used to increase the analysis precision of a complex waveguide slot array antenna.

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Zhang, C., and B. Mao. "3D BUILDING MODELS SEGMENTATION BASED ON K-MEANS++ CLUSTER ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W2 (October 5, 2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w2-57-2016.

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3D mesh model segmentation is drawing increasing attentions from digital geometry processing field in recent years. The original 3D mesh model need to be divided into separate meaningful parts or surface patches based on certain standards to support reconstruction, compressing, texture mapping, model retrieval and etc. Therefore, segmentation is a key problem for 3D mesh model segmentation. In this paper, we propose a method to segment Collada (a type of mesh model) 3D building models into meaningful parts using cluster analysis. Common clustering methods segment 3D mesh models by K-means, whose performance heavily depends on randomized initial seed points (i.e., centroid) and different randomized centroid can get quite different results. Therefore, we improved the existing method and used K-means++ clustering algorithm to solve this problem. Our experiments show that K-means++ improves both the speed and the accuracy of K-means, and achieve good and meaningful results.

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Kurundwadkar, Shreyas, and Shivani Dharmadhikari. "Tumor Detection and Sectional Analysis in 3D Model." Journal of Analog and Digital Devices 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joadd.2021.v06i01.001.

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Li, Ou. "TDA 3D Data Model and Feature Simplification Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1883, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1883/1/012023.

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Shinoda, Takuya, Ken Miyazaki, Yutaka Kumano, Ippei Yasutake, Hiroko Suzuki, Koji Nishi, Toshihiro Tsujimura, et al. "3D semiconductor package model for precise thermal analysis." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2019 (2019): 0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2019.0017.

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Bucci, Michele A., Jean-Christophe Robinet, and Sergio Chibbaro. "Global stability analysis of 3D micro-combustion model." Combustion and Flame 167 (May 2016): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.018.

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Zhi-zhao, Liu, and Gao Yang. "Performance analysis of a 3D ionosphere tomographic model." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 2003): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02899827.

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Sato, Yoichi, and Katsushi Ikeuchi. "Reflectance Analysis for 3D Computer Graphics Model Generation." Graphical Models and Image Processing 58, no. 5 (September 1996): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0036.

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Subhan, Muhammad, and Ihn Namgung. "Development of nuclear fuel assembly 3D reduced model and modal analysis." Annals of Nuclear Energy 181 (February 2023): 109561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109561.

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Mohd Salleh, Zuliazura, Kahar Osman, Mohd Fairuz Marian, Nik Normunira Mat Hassan, Rais Hanizam Madon, Nor Afzanizam Samiran, Razlin Abd Rashid, Izuan Amin Ishak, and Nofrizalidris Darlis. "Rapid Prototyping 3D Model for PIV: Application in Human Trachea Model Flow Analysis." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.2.6573.

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Experimental works for analysing flow behaviour inside human trachea has become continuous problem as the model used to study cannot imitate the real geometry of human trachea structure. As the technology develop, Rapid Prototyping (RP) become more useful in constructing the 3D model that has complexity in their geometries. RP not only offer several technologies in developing the 3D model, but also varies type of materials that can be used to manufacture the 3D model. In this study, RP technique was chosen to develop the 3D model of human trachea to do the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental works. Material used was Vero Clear due to PIV need a model that transparent so that visualization on flow inside the model can be seen and the velocity magnitude can be capture. The geometry was adapted from 60 years old trachea patient where the images of trachea was taken by using CT-scan. MIMICS software was used to extracted the images before reconstruct the trachea into 3D model. Velocity distribution was visualized and the magnitude were taken at both left and right bronchi. From the analysis, it concluded that the distribution of airflow to the second generation of trachea was 60:40 to right and left bronchi. It follows the rules as the right bronchi need to supply more air to the right lung compared to left as the volume of right lung bigger that left lung.

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Nouri, Saliha, Zouhaier Hafsia, Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras, Ali Allahem, Salem Alkhalaf, and Baowei Feng. "Numerical Analysis of Stratified and Slug Flows." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 19, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8418008.

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The main purpose of this study is to compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) two-phase models for both stratified and slug flows. These two flow regimes interest mainly the petroleum and chemical industries. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach is used to predict the interface between the two-phase flows. The stratified turbulent flow corresponds to the oil-water phases through a cylindrical pipe. To simulate the turbulent stratified flow, the k − ω turbulence model is used. The slug laminar flow concerns the kerosene-water phases through a rectangular microchannel. The simulated results are validated using the previous experimental results available in the literature. For the stratified flow, the axial velocity and the water volume fraction profiles obtained by 2D and 3D models approximate the measurement profiles at the same test section. Also, the T-junction in a 2D model affects only the inlet vicinity. For downstream, the 2D and 3D models lead to the same axial velocity and water volume distribution. For the slug flow, the simulated results show that the 3D model predicts the thin film wall contrary to the 2D model. Moreover, the 2D model underestimates the slug length.

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Sabetta, Samantha, Davide Vecchiotti, Letizia Clementi, Mauro Di Vito Nolfi, Francesca Zazzeroni, and Adriano Angelucci. "Comparative Analysis of Dasatinib Effect between 2D and 3D Tumor Cell Cultures." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020372.

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Three-dimensional cell culture methods are able to confer new predictive relevance to in vitro tumor models. In particular, the 3D multicellular tumor spheroids model is considered to better resemble tumor complexity associated with drug resistance compared to the 2D monolayer model. Recent advances in 3D printing techniques and suitable biomaterials have offered new promises in developing 3D tissue cultures at increased reproducibility and with high-throughput characteristics. In our study, we compared the sensitivity to dasatinib treatment in two different cancer cell lines, prostate cancer cells DU145 and glioblastoma cells U87, cultured in the 3D spheroids model and in the 3D bioprinting model. DU145 and U87 cells were able to proliferate in 3D alginate/gelatin bioprinted structures for two weeks, forming spheroid aggregates. The treatment with dasatinib demonstrated that bioprinted cells were considerably more resistant to drug toxicity than corresponding cells cultured in monolayer, in a way that was comparable to behavior observed in the 3D spheroids model. Recovery and analysis of cells from 3D bioprinted structures led us to hypothesize that dasatinib resistance was dependent on a scarce penetrance of the drug, a phenomenon commonly reported also in spheroids. In conclusion, the 3D bioprinted model utilizing alginate/gelatin hydrogel was demonstrated to be a suitable model in drug screening when spheroid growth is required, offering advantages in feasibility, reproducibility, and scalability compared to the classical 3D spheroids model.

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Xu, Jijin, and Zhen Liang. "Multiview Fusion 3D Target Information Perception Model in Nighttime Unmanned Intelligent Vehicles." Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9295395.

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Unmanned technology is an important development project of today’s cutting-edge science and technology, which has a significant impact on social and economic development, national defense construction, and scientific and technological development. The rapid development of industrial information technology has driven the unmanned intelligent vehicle system to innovate and gradually enter the public’s view, and at the same time, the driving safety of unmanned intelligent vehicles is also widely concerned. Target information perception system is the foundation of unmanned system and the fundamental guarantee of safety and intelligence of unmanned vehicles. There are three key problems of target recognition in unmanned driving, namely, target classification, localization, and attitude determination. In the implementation of a networked virtual environment system, a flexible and complete perception model is needed as the guiding model of the system. Since 3D point cloud data can provide more spatial information than 2D RGB image data, it is more beneficial to determine the target category, position, and pose in 3D. In this paper, based on the existing research of unmanned intelligent vehicle perception system, we combine the application of fusion of 3D target information perception model and develop a nighttime unmanned system based on multiview fusion of 3D target information perception model. This system can simultaneously perform the detection of multiple categories of objects and predict the center point, length, width, height, and orientation of the objects, so that the unmanned car can sense the location of the surrounding objects when driving in the actual scene.

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Wang, Qing Guo. "A 3D Surface Data Model for Fast Visualization of 3DCM." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2351.

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3D data model is an indispensable component to any 3D GIS, and forms the basis of 3D spatial analysis and representation. At present, plenty of representative 3D data models are proposed. However, existing models neglect the display result and the consumption of storage space. Based on the analysis of existing 3D GIS data model, a 3D surface model is proposed for fast visualization in this paper, which is composed of node, segment and triangle. The data structure and formal representation of the proposed 3D surface model is developed to organize and store data of 3D model. Finally, an experiment is made to compare this 3D surface model with other 3D data model, and the result demonstrates that the 3D surface model proposed in this paper is superior to the existing data model in terms of data volume, moreover, it can acquire fast visualization speed.

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Nepelski, Krzysztof. "3D FEM Analysis of the Subsoil-Building Interaction." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 10700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110700.

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This paper presents the process of advanced numerical analysis of interaction between a building and the subsoil. The analysis covered a wide range of work for both computing and research. As part of the research work, field and laboratory subsoil tests were carried out, as well as geodetic measurements of building settlement and measurements of natural vibrations of an object. The computational work included the analysis of a total of 47 FEM models. The subsoil was described using the Modified Cam-Clay model, with parameters determined using field CPT and SDMT tests, as well as triaxial and edometric laboratory tests. Parts with geodetic benchmarks were separated from the building model, and then multi-variant calculations were made on smaller, partial models with parameters obtained from various methods. Calibration of the main models was performed using 8 partial models for which calculations were carried out in 4–5 variants of parameters. This gave a total of 38 partial models. Then, calculations were carried out on the full model of the building with subsoil. At each stage, the results of vertical displacements were compared to the geodetic values. The measured settlement of the real building in the time from the construction of the underground story to its use for the period of 1 year, was from 2.3 mm to 7.8 mm. The settlement from FEM calculations of small calibration models for the same benchmarks was from 2.0 mm to 9.8 mm with parameters derived from CPT tests and from 1.8 to 7.3 mm for parameters derived from SDMT. For the full building model, settlement from FEM calculations ranged from 2.2 to 8.8 for the variant with a simplified subsoil model, and from 3.7 to 10.5 for the model taking into account the inhomogeneity of the subsoil. As a result, it was found that the displacements from the numerical analysis were convergent with the geodetic values. Detailed numerical analyses also allowed to detect the deviations of the segments from the vertical and to indicate potential damage to the structure. It was also indicated how the work of the subsoil influences the stress distribution in selected structural elements. Behaviour of the subsoil has an impact on the behaviour of the building and its deformations, as well as on the distribution of stresses in the structural elements, and, as a result, on the change in the distribution of internal forces in the structure.

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Pallotta, Isabella, Michael L. Lovett, David L. Kaplan, and Alessandra Balduini. "3D Model of Thrombopoiesis." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1609.1609.

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Abstract Abstract 1609 Background. The mechanisms that regulate megakaryocytic (Mk) development within the bone marrow environment remain poorly understood. The underlying relationships between Mk maturation and bone marrow components are key factors in this process. Mk development occurs in a complex microenvironment where extracellular matrices are fundamental regulatory components. The first events occur in the osteoblastic niche and include commitment of the hemopoietic progenitor cell to Mk, arrest of proliferation and initiation of endomitosis. The second step is Mk maturation and is associated with rapid cytoplasm expansion and intense synthesis of proteins. Finally Mks, which migrate to the vascular niche, convert the bulk of their cytoplasm into multiple long processes called proplatelets that protrude through the vascular endothelium into the sinusoid lumen, where the platelets are released. Hypothesis. The hypothesis for the present work is that a complex in vitro 3D bone marrow-like environment can be used to gain fundamental mechanistic insight into cell signalling and matrix-cell interactions in the bone marrow niche related to Mk development. Methods. We propose the first 3D model for Mk function in the bone marrow environment, by refining a recently proposed bioreactor platform (Lovett et al., 2007). These bioreactors consist of 3 wells (10 mm × 15 mm × 5 mm) within a PDMS block (25 mm × 60 mm × 5 mm) which is plasma bonded to cover glass for imaging. Each bioreactor well was perfused by 23 G stainless steel needles, spanned by porous silk microtubes as blood vessel scaffolds (640 μm inner diameter), positioned approximately 500–750 μm from the bottom of the bioreactor and connected to tubing for media perfusion using a programmable syringe pump. These microtubes were prepared by dipping several times straight lengths of stainless steel wire into 10–14% (w/v) aqueous silk fibroin to obtain blood vessel scaffolds with a wall thickness of around 50 mm. Defined pore sizes of 6–8 μm were obtained by adding 6 w/t % poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to the silk fibroin. The perfused silk tubes comprised the vascular niche and were embedded within a cell-seeded hydrogel which comprises the osteoblastic niche. The silk microtubes were coated with a combination of fibrinogen, von Willebrand Factor, type IV collagen and SDF-1 alpha, to better establish the composition of the vascular niche. Control experiments were performed by coating silk microtubes with type I collagen. After staining human umbilical cord blood derived Mks, the cell suspension was added to the hydrogel and Mk migration was analyzed in a time-dependent manner using confocal microscopy analysis. Further, flow effluent through the vascular tubes in the bioreactor was collected at regular time intervals and platelet numbers and function were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy. Culture released platelets were counted as CD61+ events with the same scatter properties of human blood platelets. Results. Our results showed that Mks migrated towards the vascular microtube coated with Fibrinogen, von Willebrand Factor, type IV collagen and SDF-1. Mks were also able to complete their maturation in the proximity of the microtube by extending proplatelets. Interestingly, confocal microscopy analysis revealed that Mks were able to extend proplatelets through the vascular microtube wall and release CD61+ platelet-like particles inside the vascular microtube. Cytofluorimentric analysis demonstrated that the particles collected in the flow effluent of the vascular microtube were CD61+ cells with the same scatter properties of human peripheral blood platelets. Finally, upon coating with only type I collagen Mks did not migrate towards the vascular microtube or extend proplatelets to release platelets. Thus, by mimicking the relationship between Mks and the bone marrow environment, a model to reproduce the different steps of Mk development, such as Mk migration, proplatelet formation and platelet release, is established. This is a first significant step towards relevant systems for the study of these cellular processes in detail as well as toward potentially useful in vitro platelet production systems. Conclusions. In this work we developed a new 3D bone marrow system in vitro that could represent a new tool to understand the mechanistic basis for Mk development and function, and the diseases related to these cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Shruthiba, A., and R. Deepu. "Mathematical model for 3D object reconstruction using OccNet (CNN)." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 25, no. 7 (October 3, 2022): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2022.2148360.

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Abu Bakar, Zulzikry Hafiz, Jean-Pierre Bellier, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, Daijiro Yanagisawa, Ken-ichi Mukaisho, and Ikuo Tooyama. "Optimization of 3D Immunofluorescence Analysis and Visualization Using IMARIS and MeshLab." Cells 12, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12020218.

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The precision of colocalization analysis is enhanced by 3D and is potentially more accurate than 2D. Even though 3D improves the visualization of colocalization analysis, rendering a colocalization model may generate a model with numerous polygons. We developed a 3D colocalization model of FtMt/LC3 followed by simplification. Double immunofluorescence staining of FtMt and LC3 was conducted, and stacked images were acquired. We used IMARIS to render the 3D colocalization model of FtMt/LC3 and further processed it with MeshLab to decimate and generate a less complex colocalization model. We examined the available simplification algorithm using MeshLab in detail and evaluated the feasibility of each procedure in generating a model with less complexity. The quality of the simplified model was subsequently assessed. MeshLab's available shaders were scrutinized to facilitate the spatial colocalization determination. Finally, we showed that QECD was the most effective method for reducing the polygonal complexity of the colocalization model without compromising its quality. In addition, we would recommend implementing the x-ray shader, which we found useful for visualizing colocalization. As 3D was found to be more accurate in quantifying colocalization, our study provides a novel and dependable method for rendering 3D models for colocalization analysis.

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Yang, Guangjie, Aidi Gong, Pei Nie, Lei Yan, Wenjie Miao, Yujun Zhao, Jie Wu, Jingjing Cui, Yan Jia, and Zhenguang Wang. "Contrast-Enhanced CT Texture Analysis for Distinguishing Fat-Poor Renal Angiomyolipoma From Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma." Molecular Imaging 18 (January 1, 2019): 153601211988316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012119883161.

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Objective: To evaluate the value of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) models in distinguishing fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fpAML) from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 32 fpAMLs and 24 chRCCs. Texture features were extracted from 2D and 3D regions of interest in triphasic CT images. The 2D and 3D CTTA models were constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and texture scores were calculated. The diagnostic performance of the 2D and 3D CTTA models was evaluated with respect to calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Results: Of the 177 and 183 texture features extracted from 2D and 3D regions of interest, respectively, 5 2D features and 8 3D features were selected to build 2D and 3D CTTA models. The 2D CTTA model (area under the curve [AUC], 0.811; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.695-0.927) and the 3D CTTA model (AUC, 0.915; 95% CI, 0.838-0.993) showed good discrimination and calibration ( P > .05). There was no significant difference in AUC between the 2 models ( P = .093). Decision curve analysis showed the 3D model outperformed the 2D model in terms of clinical usefulness. Conclusions: The CTTA models based on contrast-enhanced CT images had a high value in differentiating fpAML from chRCC.

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Ujang, U., S. Azri, M. Zahir, A. Abdul Rahman, and T. L. Choon. "URBAN HEAT ISLAND MICRO-MAPPING VIA 3D CITY MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (September 12, 2018): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-201-2018.

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Abstract. Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon has been a topic of intense study over the past several years. However, to visualise UHI model is still an issue. Common visualisation of UHI by using digital thematic maps shows that it is hard to perceive its impacts especially in a sophisticated micro-area such as in urbanized cities. Moreover, different building façade’s material gives different UHI value. Therefore, there is a need in computing and visualising this phenomenon in three-dimensional (3D) perspectives. Recently, the development of 3D city modelling shows the potential of solving these gaps. This can be seen from the characteristics of 3D city models that are suitable in representing micro-areas (complex cities) for UHI studies. Based on this issue, this research aims to produce a 3D UHI model by using 3D city models as a tool for efficient and sustainable building design. The main objective is to produce a new approach in visualising UHI in 3D perspectives by instigating 3D city models. Thus, the UHI effect could be predicted precisely by calculating the building façades value. This research explores the 3D shadow analysis, 3D solar radiation and 3D orientation analysis in UHI modelling via 3D city models. From the analyses, the results show that the 3D city models are capable in presenting the solar radiation value for each building façade. Furthermore, this approach can be used to simulate future UHI analysis-prediction and advantageous for pre-development planning.

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Tancu, Ana Maria Cristina, Mihaela Pantea, Alexandra Totan, Mihaela Tanase, and Marina Imre. "3D Printed Dental Models A comparative analysis." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5121.

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The aim of this study is to compare two different methods used for obtaining printed dental models -intraoral scanning and extraoral scanning; the comparative analysis was made in correlation to the accuracy of the traditional plaster cast model. Nine dental models were obtained: three plaster cast ones, three printed after intraoral scanning and there printed after impression scanning. A total of 137 measurements (arch and tooth measurements) were done on the three types of models and a statistical evaluation was performed (t-test, Fisher Test). Our results highlighted that 3D printed dental models represent a reliable option for clinical application.

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Onitsuka, Shohei, Yuichi Ushio, Naoki Ojima, and Tadashi Iijima. "Modeling method of element Rayleigh damping for the seismic analysis of a 3D FEM model with multiple damping properties." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 17 (July 4, 2017): 4065–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317718969.

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Damping modeling is important for the accurate evaluation of the seismic response of structures. Our group previously reported a damping modeling method using element Rayleigh damping and evaluated the effectiveness using a simple lumped-mass model with multiple damping properties; however, the effectiveness of the method was not evaluated for three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) models with multiple damping properties. Moreover, further studies showed that the method needed to be improved to be applied to 3D FEM models. Therefore, the method has been improved to enable application to the seismic analysis of 3D FEM models, and the effectiveness of the method has been evaluated. The proposed method uses a weighted least-squares method to automatically determine the coefficients of element Rayleigh damping. The weighted least-squares method minimizes the differences between the modal damping ratios to be modeled and those given by element Rayleigh damping. Although all modal damping ratios in a simple lumped-mass model were used for damping modeling in our previous study, obtaining them for 3D FEM models is impractical because these models have more natural modes than simple lumped-mass models. Therefore, we used modal damping ratios below a cut-off frequency. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by comparing it with conventional methods in terms of the modeling errors related to the modal damping ratios and the maximum absolute acceleration. The proposed method tended to have lower errors than the conventional methods and is concluded to be more effective for the seismic analysis of 3D FEM models with multiple damping properties. The proposed method can automatically determine the coefficients of element Rayleigh damping and can more accurately model the damping properties of analysis models, indicating that the proposed method is a powerful tool for the seismic analysis of 3D FEM models with multiple damping properties.

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Wang, Dejiang, and Huazhen Shu. "Accuracy Analysis of Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Multi-Level UAV without Control Points." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050592.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oblique photography technology has been applied more and more widely for the 3D reconstruction of real-scene models due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, there are many kinds of UAVs with different positioning methods, camera models, and resolutions. To evaluate the performance levels of different types of UAVs in terms of their application to 3D reconstruction, this study took a primary school as the research area and obtained image information through oblique photography of four UAVs of different levels at different flight altitudes. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the accuracy of their 3D reconstruction models. The results show that the 3D reconstruction model of M300RTK has the highest dimensional accuracy, with an error of about 1.1–1.4 m per kilometer, followed by M600Pro (1.5–3.6 m), Inspire2 (1.8–4.2 m), and Phantom4Pro (2.4–5.6 m), but the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction model was found to have no relationship with the flight altitude. At the same time, the resolution of the 3D reconstruction model improved as the flight altitude decreased and the image resolution of the PTZ camera increased. The 3D reconstruction model resolution of the M300RTK + P1 camera was the highest. For every 10 m decrease in flight altitude, the clarity of the 3D reconstruction model improved by 16.81%. The UAV flight time decreased as the UAV flying altitude increased, and the time required for 3D reconstruction of the model increased obviously as the number and resolution of photos increased.

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Metar, Manas. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Conceptual 3D Car Model." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39608.

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Abstract: From past decades, people are giving more attention to conservation of the fuels. The increasing number of passenger cars have increased the amount of traffic which directly impacts pollution and traffic congestion. Manufacturers are indulged into making lightweight and performance efficient automobiles. Implementation of different designs and materials has been in practice since ages. We need smaller vehicle designs for personal transport and electric vehicles to tackle the raising problems. In future designs, vehicles will be efficient enough to save more fuel and also the traffic problems may be solved. But for the design optimizations and experiments we need different analyses to be performed, one of which is aerodynamic analysis. In this paper a CFD analysis is done to check the aerodynamic performance of a proposed car design. The car has been designed using Onshape modeling software and analyzed in Simscale software. The car is subjected to different vehicle speeds and the results of drag coefficients and pressure plots are shown. Keywords: Design and analysis of a vehicle, CFD analysis, Aerodynamic analysis, 3D modelling, Drag coefficient, Pressure plot, Concept car, Performance Optimization.

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Buranský, Ivan, Martin Necpal, and Matej Bračík. "3D Model Optimization of Four-Facet Drill for 3D Drilling Simulation." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, no. 38 (September 1, 2016): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0043.

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Abstract The article is focused on optimization of four-facet drill for 3D drilling numerical modelling. For optimization, the process of reverse engineering by PowerShape software was used. The design of four-facet drill was created in NumrotoPlus software. The modified 3D model of the drill was used in the numerical analysis of cutting forces. Verification of the accuracy of 3D models for reverse engineering was implemented using the colour deviation maps. The CAD model was in the STEP format. For simulation software, 3D model in the STEP format is ideal. STEP is a solid model. Simulation software automatically splits the 3D model into finite elements. The STEP model was therefore more suitable than the STL model.

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Lee, Sung Hyun, and Insu Jeon. "3D Analysis of Crack Behavior Using XFEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.278.

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It is important to evaluate the 3D crack behavior in the structures. In this study, a Crack-growth test and two simulations namely, Real-model simulation and Ideal-model simulation were performed using eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to evaluate crack behavior three-dimensionally. In the Crack-growth test, crack behavior was observed for a notched metal specimen. In the Real-model simulation, the FE model was constructed using a 3D reconstruction model of the specimen, and crack growth was simulated. In the Ideal-model simulation, the simulation was performed using the FE model that involved ideal notch. The obtained crack growth simulation results were compared with tension test result. Crack growth in the specimen was evaluated three-dimensionally. It was shown that modeling the real shape of a structure with a crack may be essential for accurately evaluating 3D crack growth.

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Li, Jianzheng, Fei Li, Wei Ji, Yulong Zou, and Chunguo Li. "Three-Dimension Kronecker Channel Modeling and Correlation Analysis." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 7, no. 4 (October 2015): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2015100104.

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In this paper a three-dimension (3D) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is derived by considering the elevation dimension and the azimuth dimension together. To get a more accurate performance analysis for 3D MIMO channel, both Tx and Rx correlation matrices are derived, respectively, in closed form, which consist of 3D Kronecker channel model. This novel 3D Kronecker channel model is developed for arbitrary antenna arrays with non-isotropic antenna patterns and also for any propagation environment of 3D MIMO systems. In order to quantify the performance of 3D MIMO systems, the capacity in multi-user cases is analyzed. Simulation results validate the proposed 3D Kronecker channel model and study the impact of elevation and azimuth angular spread and that of Rx antenna element spacing on the correlation. The proposed capacity analysis in multi-user cases for 3D MIMO systems is also verified by simulation.

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Mao, B., L. Harrie, J. Cao, Z. Wu, and J. Shen. "NoSQL Based 3D City Model Management System." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4 (April 23, 2014): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-169-2014.

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To manage increasingly complicated 3D city models, a framework based on NoSQL database is proposed in this paper. The framework supports import and export of 3D city model according to international standards such as CityGML, KML/COLLADA and X3D. We also suggest and implement 3D model analysis and visualization in the framework. For city model analysis, 3D geometry data and semantic information (such as name, height, area, price and so on) are stored and processed separately. We use a Map-Reduce method to deal with the 3D geometry data since it is more complex, while the semantic analysis is mainly based on database query operation. For visualization, a multiple 3D city representation structure CityTree is implemented within the framework to support dynamic LODs based on user viewpoint. Also, the proposed framework is easily extensible and supports geoindexes to speed up the querying. Our experimental results show that the proposed 3D city management system can efficiently fulfil the analysis and visualization requirements.

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Budko, Тatiana, and Lyudmila Lavrinenko2. "Structural Analysis and 3D Timber Spatial Structure Modeling." Building constructions. Theory and Practice, no. 8 (November 29, 2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2522-4182.8.2021.4-16.

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The analysis of the structural form of the multi-volume dome structure using load-bearing wooden arches is performed. The complexity of the volumes and their connecting lines, as well as the requirement to conduct a non-linear analysis of long-span wooden elements at the request of Eurocode 5 make the information model necessary. It is noted that the design using this technology is developing in the direction of taking into account all stages of the structure life cycle. Information modeling of wooden structures in the world is the most prepared for the use of BIM-technologies. This is due to the sophisticated digital technologies for the production of modern wooden structures elements. An information model was formed for designing according to the regulations of Ukraine. The Information Model was created in the SAPFIR software package for further possibility of importing the model into the LIRA-CAD software package. The necessary auxiliary steps were used to build the model. The loads on the curved surface were calculated in the PC Espri. For further development of the nodes, 3D-modeling was used with the transfer of the information model into the PC Tekla Structures as a specialized environment for the constructive section of the project. The presented analysis of the complex dome structure using wooden arches summarizes the approaches to the development of unique forms of structures using wood. The use of information models has significantly increased the complexity of architectural design and structural model taking into account the nonlinear effects of wood. The possibility of integrating these tools for further implementation in BIM-technology is shown.

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Tian, Jie, Guang Bing Xiao, and Wen Dong Wang. "Finite Element Analysis for Frame of Lift Transporter." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.616.

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The 3D-model of lift transporter frame was assembled by the parts, whose 3D-models were established under UG. And the finite element model was achieved in ANSYS/ Workbench. Four different analysis conditions were developed and the static properties of the frame in various conditions were analyzed by ANSYS/Workbench. The analysis results indicate that the design of the special frame is feasible.

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Zhu, Yun. "Analysis and Simulation on SVD-Based 3D Mesh Digital Watermark Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1052.

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The paper mainly discusses the digital watermark algorithm for 3D grid model. Traditional algorithm cannot coordinate the contradiction between invisibility and robustness of digital watermark. In order to improve the security, this paper proposes a 3D grid digital watermark algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD). Firstly, we set the matrix formed by distance from the vertexes to center of 3D mesh model as the vertex modulus matrix. Then the matrix is decomposed by SVD, and finally the watermark is embedded into the diagonal matrix to get the 3D mesh model containing watermark signal. The simulation results show that the algorithm effectively solves the problem of invisibility and robustness of watermark, and the watermark formed here can resist various attacks which enforce the protection of 3D mesh models Rights.

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Zhang, Wen-sheng, Qiang Luo, Liang-wei Jiang, Teng-fei Wang, Chong Tang, and Zheng-tao Li. "Improved Vanmarcke analytical model for 3D slope reliability analysis." Computers and Geotechnics 134 (June 2021): 104106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104106.

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Massa, Solange, Mahmoud Ahmed Sakr, Jungmok Seo, Praveen Bandaru, Andrea Arneri, Simone Bersini, Elaheh Zare-Eelanjegh, et al. "Bioprinted 3D vascularized tissue model for drug toxicity analysis." Biomicrofluidics 11, no. 4 (July 2017): 044109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994708.

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Balan, Toader A., Filip C. Filippou, and Egor P. Popov. "Constitutive Model for 3D Cyclic Analysis of Concrete Structures." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 123, no. 2 (February 1997): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:2(143).

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Sonsin, A. F., M. R. Cortes, D. R. Nunes, J. V. Gomes, and R. S. Costa. "Computational Analysis of 3D Ising Model Using Metropolis Algorithms." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 630 (July 15, 2015): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/630/1/012057.

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Ertürk, S., and T. J. Dennis. "Fast spherical harmonic analysis (FSHA) for 3D model representation." Electronics Letters 33, no. 18 (1997): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971018.

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Holzmann, Patrick, Robert J. Breitenecker, and Erich J. Schwarz. "Business model patterns for 3D printer manufacturers." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 1281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-09-2018-0313.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the business models that 3D printer manufacturers apply to commercialize their technologies. The authors investigate these business models and analyze whether there are business model patterns. The paper describes the gestalt of the business model patterns and discusses differences and similarities. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the literatures on business models and 3D printing technology. The authors apply a componential business model approach and carry out an in-depth analysis of the business models of 48 3D printer manufacturers in Europe and North America. The authors develop a framework focusing on value proposition, value creation and value capture components. Cluster analysis is used to identify business model patterns. Findings The results indicate that there are two distinct business model patterns in the industry. The authors termed these patterns the “low-cost online business model” and the “technology expert business model.” The results demonstrate that there is a relationship between business model and technology. The identified patterns are independent of age, company size and country of origin. Research limitations/implications The empirical results complement and extend existing literature on business models. The authors contribute to the discussion on business models in the context of novel technology. The technology seems to influence the gestalt of the business model. The sample is limited to European and North American companies and the analysis is based on secondary data. Originality/value This is the first empirical study on the business models of 3D printer manufacturers. The authors apply an original mixed-methods approach and develop a framework that can function as a starting point for future research. 3D printer manufacturers can use the identified business model patterns as blueprints to reduce the risk of failure or as a starting point for business model innovation.

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Xu, Wei, and Ingo Neumann. "Finite Element Analysis based on A Parametric Model by Approximating Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030518.

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Simplified models are widely applied in finite element computations regarding mechanical and structural problems. However, the simplified model sometimes causes many deviations in the finite element analysis (FEA) of structures, especially in the non-designed structures which have undergone unknowable deformation features. Hence, a novel FEA methodology based on the parametric model by approximating three-dimensional (3D) feature data is proposed to solve this problem in the present manuscript. Many significant and effective technologies have been developed to detect 3D feature information accurately, e.g., terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), digital photogrammetry, and radar technology. In this manuscript, the parametric FEA model combines 3D point clouds from TLS and the parametric surface approximation method to generate 3D surfaces and models accurately. TLS is a popular measurement method for reliable 3D point clouds acquisition and monitoring deformations of structures with high accuracy and precision. The B-spline method is applied to approximate the measured point clouds data automatically and generate a parametric description of the structure accurately. The final target is to reduce the effects of the model description and deviations of the FEA. Both static and dynamic computations regarding a composite structure are carried out by comparing the parametric and general simplified models. The comparison of the deformation and equivalent stress of future behaviors are reflected by different models. Results indicate that the parametric model based on the TLS data is superior in the finite element computation. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply the parametric model in the FEA to compute and predict the future behavior of the structures with unknowable deformations in engineering accurately.

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Zhao, Jie, Ding Hua Zhang, and Zhi Yong Chang. "3D Model Based Machining Process Planning." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.534.

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The wide application on fields of designing and NC programming based on 3D model of part not only provide the supporting for applying 3D based process planning, but also raise the challenge for the design capability of 3D based process planning. The 3D based process is not just replacing 3D process drawing with 3D model, it is concerned with schemas of designing, managing information applying of process. This paper presents a novel architecture of modeling process information in 3D scene, the 3D based architecture proposed manages process information on the base of geometries and serial changes, which reflect machining operations applied to part, of geometry of part from raw material to final part and comprises such three sub-modules as manufacturing features, 3D model based processes and manufacturing resources. A methodology is exploited aiming at reducing overload of 3D modeling for process planner and keeping the consistency among 3D working procedure models when inevitable process change occurred, then a related algorithm is detailed in which the process decision information retrieved from the technician is transformed automatically to geometrical information to generate 3D working procedure model. Several typical applying of 3D based process consisting of Recognition and analysis of technology dimension chain based on 3D serial model, NC programming for CMM and analysis of feasibility of process are discussed and a prototype is demonstrated to verifying validity of the architecture and the methodology.

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Majstorovic, Nemanja, Srdjan Zivkovic, and Branislav Glisic. "The advanced model definition and analysis of orthodontic parameters on 3D digital models." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 145, no. 1-2 (2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh151207011m.

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Introduction/Objective. Digital 3D modeling is slowly becoming an everyday orthodontic practice, and after two decades of research and development it is a basic element of e-orthodontics. The aim of this study was development and use of geometric entities on 3D digital models for diagnosing, planning and monitoring of orthodontic therapy, by using CAD (computer aided design) systems. Methods. Statistical analysis and synthesis of 54 orthodontic parameters (28 in the upper and 26 in the lower jaw), defining three hypotheses and their testing, the application of the t-test. Results. All three hypotheses are confirmed, convenience of using geometric entities, higher accuracy of 3D digital models, and more substantial displacement of teeth in the first six months of therapy (Student?s t-test). After the first six months, distances in the x?y plane (occlusal plane) were bigger in both the upper and the lower jaw; additionally, the distances in the y?z plane (medial plane) decreased on the left and right side, so we can say that the first phase of therapy had success and that both jaws are wider. At the next four controls, parameters showed slight progress that was not statistically significant. Overall, after 11 months of therapy, there was a considerable improvement in the x?y plane, while changes in distances of clinical crown heights were very small. This could be explained by the fact that, during therapy, by using different arches, upper molars were pushed inside, toward the palate. Analyzing 3D computer models, we could notice that in this plane displacement of the upper left first molar was larger. Conclusion. The use of geometric entities for defining orthodontic parameters gives us new possibilities for accurate and reliable analysis of patient?s orthodontic condition.

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Yoo, Mooyoung, and Namhyuk Ham. "Productivity Analysis of Documentation Based on 3D Model in Plant Facility Construction Project." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031126.

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In off-site construction, production of fabrication drawings has a very important impact on productivity. Documentation using 3D model is one of the great advantages of using BIM. Despite the importance of documentation based on 3D model, productivity analysis studies compared to traditional 2D-drawing-based documentation method are difficult to find in existing studies. In addition, empirical research on the effects of recycling 3D model and libraries information is hard to find. The purpose of this study is to analyze the productivity of documentation using 3D model in the fabrication phase. First, productivity data for the 2D-drawing-based documentation method and 3D-model-based documentation method for steel frame prefabrication of EPC project were acquired for each module. Second, additional time for tasks—such as 3D modeling and document review—were investigated to conduct the comparative analysis on the productivity of the two documentation methods. The results quantitatively show the productivity of 3D-model-based documentation and the learning effect of recycling 3D libraries.

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Bang, Hyejin, Yonghyun Ju, Hyeonnam Kim, Hyunshik Shin, Kyujong Park, and Chongdu Cho. "Development of Modeling Method for Computational Analysis of 3D Printing Model." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2021.29.3.257.

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Gautier, J., S. Christophe, and M. Brédif. "VISUALIZING 3D CLIMATE DATA IN URBAN 3D MODELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-781-2020.

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Abstract. In order to understand and explain urban climate, the visual analysis of urban climate data and their relationships with the urban morphology is at stake. This involves partly to co-visualize 3D field climate data, obtained from simulation, with urban 3D models. We propose two ways to visualize and navigate into simulated climate data in urban 3D models, using series of horizontal 2D planes and 3D point clouds. We then explore different parameters regarding transparency, 3D semiologic rules, filtering and animation functions in order to improve the visual analysis of climate data 3D distribution. To achieve this, we apply our propositions to the co-visualization of air temperature data with a 3D urban city model.

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Journal articles on the topic '3D model analysis'

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