Relevant bibliographies by topics / 3D Foot Model

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '3D Foot Model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "3D Foot Model"

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Song, Eungyeol, Sun-Woong Yoon, Hanbin Son, and Sunjin Yu. "Foot Measurement Using 3D Scanning Model." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/ijfis.2018.18.3.167.

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van Doremalen, Rob F. M., Jaap J. van Netten, Jeff G. van Baal, Miriam M. R. Vollenbroek-Hutten, and Ferdinand van der Heijden. "Infrared 3D Thermography for Inflammation Detection in Diabetic Foot Disease: A Proof of Concept." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819854062.

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Background: Thermal assessment of the plantar surface of the foot using spot thermometers and thermal imaging has been proven effective in diabetic foot ulcer prevention. However, with traditional cameras this is limited to single spots or a two-dimensional (2D) view of the plantar side of foot, where only 50% of the ulcers occur. To improve ulcer detection, the view has to be extended beyond 2D. Our aim is to explore for proof of concept the combination of three-dimensional (3D) models with thermal imaging for inflammation detection in diabetic foot disease. Method: From eight participants with a current diabetic foot ulcer we simultaneously acquired a 3D foot model and three thermal infrared images using a high-resolution medical 3D imaging system aligned with three smartphone-based thermal infrared cameras. Using spatial transformations, we aimed to map thermal images onto the 3D model, to create the 3D visualizations. Expert clinicians assessed these for quality and face validity as +, +/-, -. Results: We could replace the texture maps (color definitions) of the 3D model with the thermal infrared images and created the first-ever 3D thermographs of the diabetic foot. We then converted these models to 3D PDF-files compatible with the hospital IT environment. Face validity was assessed as + in six and +/- in two cases. Conclusions: We have provided a proof of concept for the creation of clinically useful 3D thermal foot images to assess the diabetic foot skin temperature in 3D in a hospital IT environment. Future developments are expected to improve the image-processing techniques to result in easier, handheld applications and driving further research.
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Sekiguchi, Yuka, Takanori Kokubun, Hiroki Hanawa, Hitomi Shono, Ayumi Tsuruta, and Naohiko Kanemura. "Evaluation of the Validity, Reliability, and Kinematic Characteristics of Multi-Segment Foot Models in Motion Capture." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164415.

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This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring a dummy foot, and examine the kinematic characteristics of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring the living body. Using our new model and the Rizzoli model, we conducted two experiments with a dummy foot that was moved within a range from −90 to 90 degrees in all planes; for the living body, 24 participants performed calf raises, gait, and drop jumps. Most three-dimensional (3D) rotation angles calculated according to our new models were strongly positively correlated with true values (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Most 3D rotation angles had fixed biases; however, most of them were in the range of the limits of agreement. Temporal patterns of foot motion, such as those in the Rizzoli model, were observed in our new model during all dynamic tasks. We concluded that our new multi-segment foot model was valid for motion analysis and was useful for analyzing the foot motion using 3D motion capture during dynamic tasks.
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Taha, Zahari, Mohd Azri Aris, Zulkifli Ahmad, Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, and Nina Nadia Sahim. "A Low Cost 3D Foot Scanner for Custom-Made Sports Shoes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.369.

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Conventional methods to obtain foot anthropometry for custom made sports shoes using anthropometer, callipers and measuring tapes are inaccurate due to the complex anatomy and curvature of the instep, foot arc and related joints. They lead to poor repeatability and large variances, particularly when measurements are taken of different people. Measurements from 3D model have been claimed as a perfect tool to obtain anthropometric data. However a commercial 3D foot scanner to create a 3D foot model can be very costly. In this paper we propose a low cost 3D foot scanner system by integrating available image capture technology such as the Kinect®, appropriate 3D scanning software and a foot scanner rig. An experiment was conducted to compare the anthropometry data taken using conventional method and from the 3D model. The differences recorded for all regions were found to be less than 5%, suggesting that the 3D model produced by this method is accurate. The use of 3D scanner has also decreased the measurement duration, thus increasing the repeatability whilst decreasing human errors that normally occur during the measurement process.
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Niu, Lulu, Gang Xiong, Xiuqin Shang, Chao Guo, Xi Chen, and Huaiyu Wu. "3D Foot Reconstruction Based on Mobile Phone Photographing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094040.

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Foot measurement is necessary for personalized customization. Nowadays, people usually obtain their foot size by using a ruler or foot scanner. However, there are some disadvantages to this, namely, large measurement error and variance when using rulers, and high price and poor convenience when using a foot scanner. To tackle these problems, we obtain foot parameters by 3D foot reconstruction based on mobile phone photography. Firstly, foot images are taken by a mobile phone. Secondly, the SFM (Structure-from-Motion) algorithm is used to acquire the corresponding parameters and then to calculate the camera position to construct the sparse model. Thirdly, the PMVS (Patch-based Multi View System) is adopted to build a dense model. Finally, the Meshlab is used to process and measure the foot model. The result shows that the experimental error of the 3D foot reconstruction method is around 1 mm, which is tolerable for applications such as shoe tree customization. The experiment proves that the method can construct the 3D foot model efficiently and easily. This technology has broad application prospects in the fields of shoe size recommendation, high-end customized shoes and medical correction.
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Shilov, Lev, Semen Shanshin, Aleksandr Romanov, Anastasia Fedotova, Anna Kurtukova, Evgeny Kostyuchenko, and Ivan Sidorov. "Reconstruction of a 3D Human Foot Shape Model Based on a Video Stream Using Photogrammetry and Deep Neural Networks." Future Internet 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13120315.

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Reconstructed 3D foot models can be used for 3D printing and further manufacturing of individual orthopedic shoes, as well as in medical research and for online shoe shopping. This study presents a technique based on the approach and algorithms of photogrammetry. The presented technique was used to reconstruct a 3D model of the foot shape, including the lower arch, using smartphone images. The technique is based on modern computer vision and artificial intelligence algorithms designed for image processing, obtaining sparse and dense point clouds, depth maps, and a final 3D model. For the segmentation of foot images, the Mask R-CNN neural network was used, which was trained on foot data from a set of 40 people. The obtained accuracy was 97.88%. The result of the study was a high-quality reconstructed 3D model. The standard deviation of linear indicators in length and width was 0.95 mm, with an average creation time of 1 min 35 s recorded. Integration of this technique into the business models of orthopedic enterprises, Internet stores, and medical organizations will allow basic manufacturing and shoe-fitting services to be carried out and will help medical research to be performed via the Internet.
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Banwell, Helen A., Ryan S. Causby, Alyson J. Crozier, Brendan Nettle, and Carolyn Murray. "An exploration of the use of 3D printed foot models and simulated foot lesions to supplement scalpel skill training in undergraduate podiatry students: A multiple method study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): e0261389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261389.

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Background Podiatrists regularly use scalpels in the management of foot pathologies, yet the teaching and learning of these skills can be challenging. The use of 3D printed foot models presents an opportunity for podiatry students to practice their scalpel skills in a relatively safe, controlled risk setting, potentially increasing confidence and reducing associated anxiety. This study evaluated the use of 3D printed foot models on podiatry students’ anxiety and confidence levels and explored the fidelity of using 3D foot models as a teaching methodology. Materials and methods Multiple study designs were used. A repeated measure trial evaluated the effects of a 3D printed foot model on anxiety and confidence in two student groups: novice users in their second year of podiatry studies (n = 24), and more experienced fourth year students completing a workshop on ulcer management (n = 15). A randomised controlled trial compared the use of the 3D printed foot models (n = 12) to standard teaching methods (n = 15) on students’ anxiety and confidence in second year students. Finally, a focus group was conducted (n = 5) to explore final year student’s perceptions of the fidelity of the foot ulcer models in their studies. Results The use of 3D printed foot models increased both novice and more experienced users’ self-confidence and task self-efficacy; however, cognitive and somatic anxiety was only reduced in the experienced users. All changes were considered large effects. In comparison to standard teaching methods, the use of 3D printed foot models had similar decreases in anxiety and increases in confidence measures. Students also identified the use of 3D foot models for the learning of scalpel skills as ‘authentic’ and ‘lifelike’ and led to enhanced confidence prior to assessment of skills in more high-risk situations. Conclusion Podiatry undergraduate programs should consider using 3D printed foot models as a teaching method to improve students’ confidence and reduce their anxiety when using scalpels, especially in instances where face-to-face teaching is not possible (e.g., pandemic related restrictions on face-to-face teaching).
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Wu, Ge, Duan Li, Pengpeng Hu, Yueqi Zhong, and Ning Pan. "Foot shape prediction using elliptical Fourier analysis." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 9 (February 17, 2017): 1026–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517693983.

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In this paper, a new method was proposed to establish the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) foot shapes and their two-dimensional (2D) foot silhouettes, through which a complete 3D foot shape can be predicted by simply inputting its two 2D silhouettes. 3D foot scans of 80 participants were randomly selected as the training set, and those of another 20 participants were used as the testing set. Elliptical Fourier analysis (EFA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were adopted to parameterize the 3D foot shapes. A linear regressive model was then developed to predict the 3D foot shape with the foot silhouettes. Experiment results indicated individual 3D foot shape can be predicted with a mean error between 1.21 and 1.27 mm, which can provide enough accuracy for the fit evaluation of footwear.
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Kobayashi, Daiki, Tomohito Takubo, and Atsushi Ueno. "Model-Based Footstep Planning Method for Biped Walking on 3D Field." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0156.

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<div class=""abs_img""> <img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270002/05.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Footstep planning on the 3D field</div> This paper proposes a model-based 3D footstep planning method. A discrete-time kinematic model, in which vertical motions are independent of horizontal motions, describes the biped walking of the humanoid robot. The 3D field environment is represented by geographical features divided into the meshes, determined from measurements obtained by a sensor, where the inclinations in each mesh are assumed. The optimal plan is obtained by solving a constrained optimization problem based on the foot placements of the model. A goal-tracking evaluation of the problem on horizontal foot placements is carried out to reach the goal, while vertical motions are adopted to meet constraints consisting of the foot workspace and contact with the 3D field surface. A quadratic programming method is implemented to solve the problem based on the humanoid robot NAO in real time. </span>
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Deschamps, Kevin, Filip Staes, Herman Bruyninckx, Ellen Busschots, Giovanni A. Matricali, Pieter Spaepen, Christophe Meyer, and Kaat Desloovere. "Repeatability of a 3D multi-segment foot model protocol in presence of foot deformities." Gait & Posture 36, no. 3 (July 2012): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.04.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D Foot Model"

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Hill, David Allen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A 3D neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex based on multi-joint biplanar fluoroscopy gait analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119073.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-117).
During the gait cycle, the human ankle complex serves as a primary power generator while simultaneously stabilizing the entire limb. These actions are controlled by an intricate interplay of several lower leg muscles that cannot be fully uncovered using experimental methods alone. A combination of experiments and mathematical modeling may be used to estimate aspects of neuromusculoskeletal functions that control human gait. In this research, a three-dimensional neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex based on biplanar fluoroscopy gait analysis is presented. Biplanar fluoroscopy (BiFlo) enables three-dimensional bone kinematics analysis using x-ray videos and bone geometry from segmented CT. Hindered by a small capture volume relative to traditional optical motion capture (MOCAP), BiFlo applications to human movement are generally limited to single-joint motions with constrained range. Here, a hybrid procedure is developed for multi-joint gait analysis using BiFlo and MOCAP in tandem. MOCAP effectively extends BiFlo's field-of-view. Subjects walked at a self-selected pace along a level walkway while BiFlo, MOCAP, and ground reaction forces were collected. A novel methodology was developed to register separate BiFlo measurements of the knee and ankle-foot complex. Kinematic analysis of bones surrounding the knee, ankle, and foot was performed. Kinematics obtained using this technique were compared to those calculated using only MOCAP during stance phase. Results show that this hybrid protocol effectively measures knee and ankle kinematics in all three body planes. Additionally, sagittal plane kinematics for select foot bone segments (proximal phalanges, metatarsals, and midfoot) was realized. The proposed procedure offers a novel approach to human gait analysis that eliminates errors originated by soft tissue artifacts, and is especially useful for ankle joint analysis, whose complexities are often simplified in MOCAP studies. Outcomes of the BiFlo walking experiments helped guide the development of a three-dimensional neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex. Driven by kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG), the model seeks to solve the redundancy problem, individual muscle-tendon contributions to net joint torque, in ankle and subtalar joint actuation during overground gait. Kinematics and kinetics from BiFlo walking trials enable estimations of muscle-tendon lengths, moment arms, and joint torques. EMG yields estimates of muscle activation. Using each of these as inputs, an optimization approach was employed to calculate sets of morphological parameters that simultaneously maximize the neuromuscular model's metabolic efficiency and fit to experimental joint torques. This approach is based on the hypothesis that the muscle-tendon morphology of the human leg has evolved to maximize metabolic efficiency of walking at self-selected speed. Optimal morphological parameter sets produce estimates of force contributions and states for individual muscles. This research lends insight into the possible roles of individual muscle-tendons in the leg that lead to efficient gait.
by David Allen Hill.
Ph. D.
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Goodrich, Colton Lynn. "Digital Outcrop Model and Paleoecology of the Eight-Foot Rapid Algal Field (Middle Pennsylvanian Lower Ismay Sequence), Paradox Basin, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3830.

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Although phylloid algal mounds have been studied for 50 year, much remains to be determined concerning the ecology and sedimentology of these Late Paleozoic carbonate buildups. Herein we perform a digital outcrop study of the well-known Middle Pennsylvanian Lower Ismay mound interval in the Paradox Basin because outcropping mounds along the San Juan River are cited as outcrop analogs of reservoir carbonates in the Paradox Basin oil province of Utah and adjacent states. The principal field area is the Eight Foot algal field located at river mile 19.2 on the San Juan River, approximately 14 miles SSW of Bluff, Utah. The Lower Ismay section is exposed on both sides of the river for 1.4 miles. Mechanisms for mound formation are still a heavily debated topic and even now aren't fully understood. While this study does not seek to solely answer this question, it does shed some light on the argument. A combined total station-LIDAR survey of the exposed Eight Foot mounds indicates that the mound field is comprised of 83 individual and composite mounds that have an average height of 10.9 meters and peak spacing of 48.8 meters. Further, statistical examination of survey data reveals a correlation between mound height and east-west alignment, showing that shelfward mounds were slightly taller than their more basinward counterparts.. However, other shape parameters do not appear to vary systematically across the algal field. Curve-fitting indicates that the overall mound morphology does not differ significantly from a Gaussian surface indicating that mounds are conical in shape. This suggests that mounds did not form under the influence of directional currents such as waves or tides. Yet, Ivanovia-fragment packstone and grainstone facies typical of the mound interval suggest a high-energy depositional setting.
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Carter, Sarah Louise. "Lower leg and foot contributions to turnout in pre-professional female dancers: A clinical and kinematic analysis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2101.

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Turnout, the act of externally rotating the legs, is produced through the summation of joint structure characteristics and ranges of motion at the hip, knee, ankle and foot. The hip joint’s contribution to functional turnout, a dancer’s preferred turnout stance, has received extensive examination, whereas little is known about below-the-hip contributions. Dancers with limited hip external rotation (HER) are associated with an increased risk of overuse lower limb injury. These injuries have been attributed to forcing turnout via additional external tibiofemoral rotation (TFR) and foot pronation. Yet knowledge of these compensatory mechanisms is based on biomechanical theories and clinical observations rather than quantitative clinical assessments or 3D motion analysis. The principal aim of this research was to investigate the lower leg and foot contributions to turnout in university-level female dancers using quantitative clinical assessments and 3D motion analysis, as well as the compensations mechanisms dancers use to increase turnout. The first study focused on assessing the lower leg and foot contributions to turnout using the clinical assessments of passive TFR and active measures of foot pronation in turnout. The results showed dancers assumed a more pronated posture in turnout, and those with a greater passive TFR demonstrated a less pronated position in turnout providing new insight into the mechanical coupling between the foot and the tibiofemoral joint in dancers. The purpose of the second study was to use 3D kinematic analyses to determine the lower leg and foot compensations that dancers use to accentuate their turnout. Active and passive TFR of the dancers was also measured. The results demonstrated foot abduction was the strongest predictor of functional and forced turnout, compared to both the hip and knee external rotation. A moderate-strong negative relationship was observed between HER and foot abduction in all turnout conditions. A moderate negative relationship was found between the passive TFR and foot abduction in all turnout conditions. These findings indicate clinical measures of external tibiofemoral rotation can predict the total below-hip compensation mechanisms a dancer uses to achieve turnout. Suggesting, dancers are more likely to pronate about the foot/ankle complex, than rotate at the knee to compensate for limited HER. Whereas dancers with less foot mobility may force additional rotation via the knee which may contribute to rotational knee joint laxity. The previous study provided the rational for an in-depth analysis of the foot/ankle complex such as that provided by three-dimensional multi-segment foot models (3DMFMs). The lack of an appropriate model for ballet dancers led to the modification of the Rizzoli Foot Model. Kinematic repeatability of the model was determined from analysing ballet dancers performing the following movements; parallel stance, turnout plié, turnout stance, turnout rise and flex-point-flex. First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) in the sagittal plane demonstrated excellent intra and inter-assessor repeatability across all movements. All inter-segmental angles except for the tibia-hindfoot and hindfoot-midfoot frontal planes demonstrated excellent intra-assessor repeatability during flex-point-flex movements. Providing a reliable method to measure 3D foot/ankle complex can enable a deeper understanding of the foot/ankle complex contribution to turnout. Previous 3DMFM used in dance science consisted of only two foot segments, hindfoot and forefoot whereas this model includes a midfoot segment which is important as forefoot abduction has been suggested to give the illusion of a larger turnout angle. The final study aimed to examine the lower leg and foot compensations that dancers use to accentuate their turnout using a dance specific 3DMFM. Hindfoot abduction and eversion were the strongest predictors of foot abduction in turnout. Midfoot abduction was significantly greater in forced turnout compared to functional turnout. No significant differences were found for forefoot abduction, first MTPJ abduction and navicular drop in functional or forced turnout, compared to natural stance. Foot pronation does play a role in achieving turnout and there may be a safe range of pronation. However, the amount of detrimental pronation for a dancer is unknown. The overall results from these studies offer compelling evidence that the foot/ankle complex plays a more important role in achieving turnout, than previously thought. Further prospective research on in situ measures of the lower leg and foot in turnout and injury surveillance are required to improve our understanding of the normal and abnormal dance biomechanics.
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M, Fard Farhad. "Quantitative image based modelling of food on aplate." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80869.

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The main purpose of this work is to reconstruct 3D model of an entire scene byusing two ordinary cameras. We develop a mobile phone application, based onstereo vision and image analysis algorithms, executed either locally or on a remotehost, to calculate the dietary intake using the current questionnaire and the mobilephone photographs. The information of segmented 3D models are used to calculatethe volume -and then the calories- of a person’s daily intake food. The method ischecked using different solid food samples, in different camera arrangements. Theresults shows that the method successfully reconstructs 3D model of different foodsample with high details.
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Chen, Chia-Hsing, and 陳家興. "The arch analysis with 3D foot model under different weight loading." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08361800159632372402.

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碩士
僑光科技大學
工程科技研究所
98
A foot arch serves a major function as a buffer to human beings. Overloaded with pressures or compressed for a long time, it may lose its proper function, even showing a pathological aversion. In order to find out the variation of arch between different loading situations, a study was conducted. Three loading levels, non-loading (about 0% of body weight), middle-loading(about 50% of body weight), full-loading(about 100%of body weight) are considered as major factor. The 3D deformation of arch was scanned with the LT 3D Foot CAM. Fifteen male and 15female college students were invited and both feet were scanned separately to retrieve the relevant 3D data of arch. After scanning, the indicated was analyzed to retrieve data of height, angle, and volume of foot arches. The results that height and angle of foot arch showed significant differences while foot arches were under micro-loading and middle-loading, yet no significant changes under middle-loading and full-loading. In the result of foot arch volume, another finding is that there is a significant difference between micro-loading and middle-loading, but no significant changes under middle-loading and full-loading state. While in the result of the height and the angle of foot arch, there is a significant difference between middle-loading and full-loading. These results indicated that as the soft tissue moved, the height and the angle of foot arch were changed, but not in the aspect of volume. In conclusion, there is a significant difference between being micro-loading and middle-loading, but no significant change in between being middle-loading and full-loading. Therefore, the researcher suggests a foot facilitator to foot arch should be custom made to meet individual needs of being under different loading.
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Viswanathan, NavaneethaKannan. "Calibration and 3D Model Generation for a Low-Cost Structured Light Foot Scanner." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7277.

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The need for custom footwear among the consumers is growing every day. Serious research is being undertaken with regards to the fit and comfort of the footwear. The integration of scanning systems in the footwear and orthotic industries have played a significant role in generating 3D digital representation of the foot for automated measurements from which a custom footwear or an orthosis is manufactured. The cost of such systems is considerably high for many manufacturers due to their expensive components, complex processing algorithms and difficult calibration techniques. This thesis presents a fast and robust calibration technique for a low-cost 3D laser scanner. The calibration technique is based on determining the mathematical relationship that relates the image coordinates to the real world coordinates. The relationship is determined by mapping the known real world coordinates of a reference object to its corresponding image coordinates by multivariate polynomial regression. With the developed mathematical relationship, 3D data points can be obtained from the 2D images of any object placed in the scanner. An image processing script is developed to detect the 2D image points of the laser profile in a series of scan images from 8 cameras. The detected 2D image points are reconstructed into 3D data points based on the mathematical model developed by the calibration process. Following that, the output model is achieved by triangulating the 3D data points as a mesh model with vertices and normals. The data is exported as a computer aided design (CAD) software readable format for viewing and measuring. This method proves to be less complex and the scanner was able to generate 3D models with an accuracy of +/-0.05 cm. The 3D data points from the output model were compared against a reference model scanned by an industrial grade scanner to verify and validate the result. The devised methodology for calibrating the 3D laser scanner can be employed to obtain accurate and reliable 3D data of the foot shape and it has been successfully tested with several participants.
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AMARU', Fabio. "Multimodal techniques for biomedical image processing." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/693559.

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Il lavoro di dottorato ha coinvolto tre principali aree di ricerca biomedica. Nella prima area, abbiamo mirato a valutare se le misure del tempo di rilassamento T1 in Risonanza Magnetica possono contribuire ad individuare dei predittori strutturali di lievi disturbi cognitivi in pazienti con forma Recidivante-Remittente di Sclerosi Multipla(RRMS). Ventinove controlli sani (HC) e quarantanove RRMS pazienti sono stati sottoposti a Risonanza magnetica a 3T per acquisire in maniera ottimale per la zona corticale e per la sostanza bianca (WML), i tempi di rilassamento T1 (rt), la conta delle lesioni e il volume. Nella WML e in quelle di tipo CL I (sostanza bianca - grigia mista), i T1 rt z-score sono risultati, significativamente, più lunghi rispetto ai tessuti dei controlli HC (p<0.001 e p<0.01, rispettivamente), indice di un’impoverimento del tessuto cerebrale. L'analisi di regressione multivariata ha rivelato che: i T1 rt z-score nelle lesioni corticali sono predittori indipendenti del recupero della memoria a lungo termine (p=0.01), i T1 z -score nella lesioni corticali della materia bianca sono predittori indipendenti del deficit relativi all’attenzione prolungata e all’elaborazione delle informazioni (p=0,02) ; Nella seconda, descriviamo un suscettometro biomagnetico a temperatura ambiente in grado di quantificare il sovraccarico di ferro nel fegato. Tramite un campo magnetico modulato elettronicamente, il sistema riesce a misurare segnali magnetici 108 volte più piccoli del campo applicato. Il rumore meccanico del suscettometro a temperatura ambiente viene minimizzato e il drift termico viene monitorato da un sistema automatico di bilanciamento. Abbiamo testato e calibrato lo strumento utilizzando un fantoccio riempito con una soluzione di esacloruro esaidrato II di ferro, ottenendo come correlazione R = 0,98 tra la massima risposta del suscettometro e la concentrazione di ferro. Queste misure indicano che per garantire una buon funzionamento dello strumento con una variabilità del segnale di uscita pari al 4-5%, eguale a circa 500ugr/gr di ferro, il tempo di acquisizione deve essere minore o uguale a 8 secondi. Nela terza area, un'analisi agli elementi finiti del modello 3D anatomicamente dettagliato del piede umano è il risultato finale della segmentazione 3D, secondo tecniche di ricostruzione applicate ad immagini standard DICOM di scansione a Tomografia Computerizzata, in congiunzione con la modellazione 3D assistita e dell’analisi agli elementi finiti (FEA). In questo modello la reale morfologia del cuscinetto adiposo plantare è stato considerata: è stato dimostrato giocare un ruolo molto importante durante il contatto con il terreno. Per ottenere i dati sperimentali da confrontare con le predizioni del modello 3D del piede, un esame posturografico statico su una pedana baropodometrica è stato effettuato. La pressione sperimentale del contatto plantare è risultata, qualitativamente, comparabile con i risultati predetti dall’analisi agli elementi finiti, principalmente, confrontando i valori sperimentali con i valori massimi delle pressioni in corrispondenza delle zona centrali del tallone e sotto le teste metatarsali.
The PhD work involved three main biomedical research areas. In the first, we aimed at assessing whether T1 relaxometry measurements may help identifying structural predictors of mild cognitive impairments in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Twenty-nine healthy controls and forty-nine RRMS patients underwent at high resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging to obtain optimal cortical and white matter lesion count/volume as well as T1 relaxation times (rt). In WML and CL type I (mixed white-gray matter), T1 rt z-scores were significantly longer than in HC tissue (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively), indicating loss of structure. Multivariate analysis revealed T1 rt z-scores in CL type I were independent predictors of long term retrieval (p=0.01), T1 z-score relaxation time in white matter cortical lesions were independent predictors of sustained attention and information processing (p=0.02); In the second, we describe a biomagnetic susceptometer at room-temperature to quantify liver iron overload. By electronically modulated magnetic field, the magnetic system measure magnetic signal 108 times weaker than field applied. The mechanical noise of room-temperature susceptometer is cancelled and thermal drift is monitored by an automatic balance control system. We have tested and calibrated the system using cylindrical phantom filled with hexahydrated iron II choloride solution, obtaining the correlation (R=0.98) of the maximum variation in the responses of the susceptometer. These measures indicate that the acquisition time must be less than 8 seconds to guarantee an output signal variability to about 4-5%, equal to 500ugr/grwet of iron. In the third, a 3D anatomically detailed finite element analysis human foot model is final results of density segmentation 3D reconstruction techiniques applied in Computed Tomography(CT) scan DICOM standard images in conjunctions with 3D finite element analysis(FEA) modeling. In this model the real morphology of plantar fat pad has been considered: it was shown to play a very important role during the contact with the ground. To obtain the experimental data to compare the predictions of 3D foot model, a posturography static examination test on a baropodometric platform has been carried. The experimental plantar contact pressure is, qualitatively, comparable with FEA predicted results, nominally, the peak pressure value zones at the centre heel region and beneath the metatarsal heads.
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Book chapters on the topic "3D Foot Model"

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Millard, Matthew, and Andrés Kecskeméthy. "A 3D Foot-Ground Model Using Disk Contacts." In Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics, 161–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10723-3_17.

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Hwang, Sung Jae, Hue Seok Choi, Kyung Tae Lee, and Young Ho Kim. "3D Motion Analysis on the Hallux Valgus by Using the Multi-Segment Foot Model." In Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation I, 988–91. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-412-x.988.

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Ogata, Kazuhiro, Daijiro Mizuno, Emma F. Huffman, and Eizo Okada. "Possible Design Principles for 3D Food Printing." In [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes, 2545–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4472-7_164.

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Mao, Bo, Jing He, Jie Cao, Stephen Bigger, and Todor Vasiljevic. "3D Model-Based Food Traceability Information Extraction Framework." In Data Science, 112–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24474-7_16.

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Castellví, Q., J. Banús, and A. Ivorra. "3D Assessment of Irreversible Electroporation Treatments in Vegetal Models." In 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies, 294–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-817-5_65.

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Wiegand, C., J. Tittelbach, U. C. Hipler, and P. Elsner. "Water-Filtered Infrared A Irradiation: From Observations in Clinical Studies to Complex In Vitro Models." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 203–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_17.

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AbstractSuccessful treatment of recalcitrant common hand and foot warts in a prospective randomized controlled blind trial using wIRA and PDT has been reported. In addition, in wound healing wIRA is mostly investigated in vitro based on the resolution of mechanical damage to confluent cell layers using the “scratch wound assay.” The latter enables the direct measurement of cell migration and regeneration of the cell layer. Preliminary studies for wIRA effects on wound closure in vitro have shown beneficial effects of single 10 min treatments. Although cellular processes induced and mediators involved still need to be elucidated, it is apparent that the observed clinical benefits of wIRA on wound healing can be investigated in vitro using adequate models and experimental settings. The next step is to employ 3D skin models for morphological investigations closely simulating in vivo conditions.
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"A Multisegment, 3D Kinematic Model of the Foot and Ankle." In Foot and Ankle Motion Analysis, 489–94. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005745-32.

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Kitaoka, Harold, Kenton Kaufman, Duane Morrow, Brian Kotajarvi, and Diana Hansen. "A Multisegment, 3D Kinematic Model of the Foot and Ankle." In Biomedical Engineering, 465–70. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005745.ch27.

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R., Maheswari, Pattabiraman Venkatasubbu, and A. Saleem Raja. "Gait Analysis Using Principal Component Analysis and Long Short Term Memory Models." In Structural and Functional Aspects of Biocomputing Systems for Data Processing, 79–97. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6523-3.ch004.

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Human analysis and diagnosis have become attractive technology in many fields. Gait defines the style of movement and gait analysis is a study of human activity to inspect the style of movement and related factors used in the field of biometrics, observation, diagnosis of gait disease, treatment, rehabilitation, etc. This work aims in providing the benefit of analysis of gait with different sensors, ML models, and also LSTM recurrent neural network, using the latest trends. Placing the sensors at the proper location and measuring the values using 3D axes for these sensors provides very appropriate results. With proper fine-tuning of ML models and the LSTM recurrent neural network, it has been observed that every model has an accuracy of greater than 90%, concluding that LSTM performance is observed to be slightly higher than machine learning models. The models helped in diagnosing the disease in the foot (if there is injury in the foot) with high efficiency and accuracy. The key features are proven to be available and extracted to fit the LSTM RNN model and have a positive outcome.
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Spake, Carole S. L., and Albert S. Woo. "Additive Manufacturing in Medicine and Craniofacial Applications of 3D Printing." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 454–65. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006852.

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Abstract This article provides highlights of the general process and workflow of creating a 3D-printed model from a medical image and discusses the applications of additively manufactured materials. It provides a brief background on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification and regulation of medical devices, with an emphasis on 3D-printed devices. Then, the article discusses two broad applications of 3D printing in craniofacial surgery: surgery and education. Next, it discusses, with respect to surgical applications, preoperative planning, use in the operating room, surgical guides, and implants. The article includes sections on education that focus on the use of 3D-printed surgical simulators and other tools to teach medical students and residents. It briefly touches on the FDA regulations associated with the respective application of 3D printing in medicine. Lastly, the article briefly discusses the state of medical billing and reimbursement for this service.
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Conference papers on the topic "3D Foot Model"

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Gao, Mucong, Chunfang Li, Rui Yang, Minyong Shi, and Jintian Yang. "Point Cloud Foot Model Extraction Algorithm for 3D Foot Model Scanner." In 2021 IEEE/ACIS 20th International Fall Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS Fall). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icisfall51598.2021.9627366.

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Luximon, Ameersing, Zhang YiFan, Ma Xiao, and Yan Luximon. "Development of Low Cost Foot Scanner Using Foot Model." In 1st Asian Workshop on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Tokyo, Japan, 17-18 April 2012. Ascona, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/a12.060.

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AL-Baghdadi, Jasim Ahmed Ali, Albert K. Chong, Peter Milburn, and Richard Newsham-West. "Correlating video-captured 3D foot model with foot loading during walking." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsipa.2013.6707996.

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Ameersing a, Luximon, Ganesan Balasankara, KaiWei Zhao a, and Lap Ki Chanb. "3D Functional Foot." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100080.

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The human foot is a complex biomechanical structure, which is consist of 26 bones, numerous muscles, ligaments, joints, nerves, arteries, veins and other soft tissues, is contributing the overall shape of the foot, and is mainly helping to bear the entire body weight, and static and dynamic motions of the foot. The foot has various dynamic motions such as dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion, abduction and adduction. The foot shape, structure, functions and motions will vary from one person to another person due to its own morphological structure. A footwear designer is necessary to know about these structures and functions of the foot to design and construct the footwear with comfort and fit. Conventional methods such as anthropometers, calipers, and tapes are used to get the anthropometric data to design the custom-made footwear. Recently, 3D scanning of the foot has been used to get the accurate anthropometric measurement foot data to design the good-fitting footwear. However, there are very few studies reported about Kinect for foot measurement. It is difficult to predict the changes of the foot inner structures during the various functional position of the foot. Therefore, this study tries to develop the 3D functional foot model with using different high heel position. It also considers the effect of land marking error. A result of this study is essential for the design of better fitting and comfortable footwear.
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Chu, Wei-Ta, and Cheng-Hsi Lin. "3D Foot Model Construction from Photos, Model Segmentation, and Model Alignment." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9015322.

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Mancilla, Rafael Bayareh, Citlalli Trujillo Romero, Mario I. Gutierrez Velazco, Didier Wolf, Arturo Vera Hernandez, and Lorenzo Leija Salas. "3D Multilayer Foot Model based on CT Medical Imaging Processing for the Study of the Diabetic Foot Complication." In 2018 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2018.8533941.

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Qiu, Tian-Xia, and Ee-Chon Teo. "A State-of-the-art 3D Coupled Foot-boot Finite Element Model." In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Bioengineering. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7615-9_fi09.

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Yoshida, Yuji, Shunta Saito, Yoshimitsu Aoki, Makiko Kouchi, and Masaaki Mochimaru. "Shape Completion and Modeling of 3D Foot Shape While Walking Using Homologous Model Fitting." In 2nd International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2011. Ascona, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/11.270.

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Inoue, J., Wenwei Yu, Kang Zhi Liu, K. Kawamura, and M. G. Fujie. "A detailed 3D ankle-foot model for simulate dynamics of lower limb orthosis." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6092008.

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Praet, Tomas, Matthieu De Beule, Sofie Van Cauter, and Benedict Verhegghe. "A Preliminary Study on the Mechanics of Ankle-Foot Orthoses: From 3D Laser Scan to Smooth Finite Element Model." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206590.

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Ankle-foot orthoses or AFO’s are external mechanical devices that support the foot and ankle to assist and improve the gait of patients with muscular and/or neurological problems in the lower leg region. To improve the functionality of these orthoses quite some experimental research projects have been carried out and published in the past. However, only a handful of projects included basic finite element analyses (FEA) [1–3], mainly because of the diversity and complex geometry of the AFO’s. This preliminary study should give raise to a series of detailed finite element analyses based on 3D laser scans of ankle-foot orthoses.
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Reports on the topic "3D Foot Model"

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LOW-TEMPERATURE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR OF CIRCULAR STUB STAINLESS-STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.4.

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This paper firstly studies mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS) S30408 at the low temperature (T) range of -80~20℃. Further compression tests are carried out on 20 SS stub tubular columns (SSSTCs) at low temperatures of -80, -60, -30, and 20℃ to investigate their low-temperature compression behaviour. Including the testing low temperatures, the wall thickness of SS tube (t) is the other investigated parameters. Test results show that decreasing the T from 20 to -80℃ improves the yield and ultimate strength of stainless steel by 29% and 80%, respectively, but reduces its ductility by about 25%. Under low-temperature compression, elephant foot local buckling occurs to most of SSSTCs and inelastic inward and outward local buckling occurred to specimens with 6 mm-thick SS tube. Test results also show that the decreasing T value increases the strength and stiffness of SSSTCs, but compromises their ductility; the wall thickness of SSSTCs significantly improves their strength, stiffness, and ductility. This paper also develops 3D finite element model (FEM) to estimate the low-temperature compression behaviour of SSSTCs, which considers nonlinearities of material and geometry, geometric imperfections, and influences of low temperatures. The validations show it predicts reasonably well the low-temperature compression behaviours of SSSTCs.
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