Relevant bibliographies by topics / 3D Depth Model

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '3D Depth Model'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic '3D Depth Model.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "3D Depth Model"

1

Mukhtar, N. F., S. Azri, U. Ujang, M. G. Cuétara, G. M. Retortillo, and S. Mohd Salleh. "3D MODEL FOR INDOOR SPACES USING DEPTH SENSOR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-471-2019.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. In recent years, 3D model for indoor spaces have become highly demanded in the development of technology. Many approaches to 3D visualisation and modelling especially for indoor environment was developed such as laser scanner, photogrammetry, computer vision, image and many more. However, most of the technique relies on the experience of the operator to get the best result. Besides that, the equipment is quite expensive and time-consuming in terms of processing. This paper focuses on the data acquisition and visualisation of a 3D model for an indoor space by using a depth sensor. In this study, EyesMap3D Pro by Ecapture is used to collect 3D data of the indoor spaces. The EyesMap3D Pro depth sensor is able to generate 3D point clouds in high speed and high mobility due to the portability and light weight of the device. However, more attention must be paid on data acquisition, data processing, visualizing, and evaluation of the depth sensor data. Hence, this paper will discuss the data processing from extracting features from 3D point clouds to 3D indoor models. Afterwards, the evaluation on the 3D models is made to ensure the suitability in indoor model and indoor mapping application. In this study, the 3D model was exported to 3D GIS-ready format for displaying and storing more information of the indoor spaces.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Liu, Yong Guang, Ming Quan Zhou, and Ya Chun Fan. "Using Depth Image in 3D Model Retrieval System." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.981.

Full text
Abstract:
For content-based 3D model retrieval, an improved depth image-based feature extraction algorithm is proposed. First, a 3-D model is preprocessed. Secondly, six depth images are generated in three principal directions in the normalized coordinate system. Thirdly, the eigenvectors of 3D model are obtained through 2D Fourier Transform of the depth images. Finally a new method is used for low-frequency sampling. Experiments show that the approach performed quite well despite its apparently simple approach. In our large 3D database, our approach is well for variant resolution models and holds satisfied computational costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lü, Qingtian, Guang Qi, and Jiayong Yan. "3D geologic model of Shizishan ore field constrained by gravity and magnetic interactive modeling: A case history." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 1 (2013): B25—B35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0126.1.

Full text
Abstract:
We performed a study on using an integrated geologic model in mineral exploration at depth. Shizishan ore field, in the western part of the Tongling ore district, Anhui Province in China, is well known for its polymetallic deposits and recent deep discovery of Dongguashan deposit at around 1000-m depth. Understanding the 3D structure and delineating the locations and variations of the intrusions and ore-controlling strata in the study area are essential for selecting deep mineral targets. A pilot 3D geologic model, covering an area of 11 × 16 km and extends to a depth of 3 km, has been constructed by interactive gravity and magnetic inversions to define the geometry, depth, and physical properties of geologic bodies at depths. The 3D visualization of the results assists in understanding the spatial relations between various intrusive units and the ore-bearing strata. The model has confirmed most previous knowledge, but also revealed new features of different folds and intrusions that are important for planning future exploration at large depths. Several deep targets have also been predicted by combining the conceptual mineralization model in the district with the 3D geologic model. Our study demonstrates the potential of using gravity and magnetic data with geologic constraints to build 3D models in structurally complex areas for the purpose of mineral exploration at depth and under cover.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sintunata, Vicky, and Terumasa Aoki. "Color Segmentation Based Depth Adjustment for 3D Model Reconstruction from a Single Input Image." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2016): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2016.v8.1039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhang, Huang, and Zhao. "A New Model of RGB-D Camera Calibration Based On 3D Control Field." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235082.

Full text
Abstract:
With extensive application of RGB-D cameras in robotics, computer vision, and many other fields, accurate calibration becomes more and more critical to the sensors. However, most existing models for calibrating depth and the relative pose between a depth camera and an RGB camera are not universally applicable to many different kinds of RGB-D cameras. In this paper, by using the collinear equation and space resection of photogrammetry, we present a new model to correct the depth and calibrate the relative pose between depth and RGB cameras based on a 3D control field. We establish a rigorous relationship model between the two cameras; then, we optimize the relative parameters of two cameras by least-squares iteration. For depth correction, based on the extrinsic parameters related to object space, the reference depths are calculated by using a collinear equation. Then, we calibrate the depth measurements with consideration of the distortion of pixels in depth images. We apply Kinect-2 to verify the calibration parameters by registering depth and color images. We test the effect of depth correction based on 3D reconstruction. Compared to the registration results from a state-of-the-art calibration model, the registration results obtained with our calibration parameters improve dramatically. Likewise, the performances of 3D reconstruction demonstrate obvious improvements after depth correction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhang, Fan, Junli Zhao, Liang Wang, and Fuqing Duan. "3D Face Model Super-Resolution Based on Radial Curve Estimation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031047.

Full text
Abstract:
Consumer depth cameras bring about cheap and fast acquisition of 3D models. However, the precision and resolution of these consumer depth cameras cannot satisfy the requirements of some 3D face applications. In this paper, we present a super-resolution method for reconstructing a high resolution 3D face model from a low resolution 3D face model acquired from a consumer depth camera. We used a group of radial curves to represent a 3D face. For a given low resolution 3D face model, we first extracted radial curves on it, and then estimated their corresponding high resolution ones by radial curve matching, for which Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was used. Finally, a reference high resolution 3D face model was deformed to generate a high resolution face model by using the radial curves as the constraining feature. We evaluated our method both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the experimental results validated our method.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hollands, J. G., Heather A. Parker, and Andrew Morton. "Judgments of 3D Bars in Depth." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (2002): 1565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601708.

Full text
Abstract:
Twenty participants judged the relative size of two bars portrayed at different locations in a 3D bar graph. Bars were co-located, placed side by side (near adjacent), or the small bar occluded the large (near or far occluded). Error was greater for the far occluded condition and there was greater variability in bias scores. To account for observed error, we proposed a model that distinguishes between cyclical bias commonly observed in proportion judgments and bias resulting from improper size-distance scaling. The model was fit to data, and the results indicated that the absolute value of size-distance scaling parameter γ was greater in the far occluded condition. Inclusion of γ increased R2 for far and near occluded conditions only. Bar location did not affect cyclical bias. Thus, judgments of the relative sizes of bars in 3D bar graphs showed increased error when the bars were separated, due to inaccurate size-distance scaling.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kwon, Ki Hoon, Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat, Nam Kim, et al. "High-Quality 3D Visualization System for Light-Field Microscopy with Fine-Scale Shape Measurement through Accurate 3D Surface Data." Sensors 23, no. 4 (2023): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042173.

Full text
Abstract:
We propose a light-field microscopy display system that provides improved image quality and realistic three-dimensional (3D) measurement information. Our approach acquires both high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) and light-field images of the specimen sequentially. We put forward a matting Laplacian-based depth estimation algorithm to obtain nearly realistic 3D surface data, allowing the calculation of depth data, which is relatively close to the actual surface, and measurement information from the light-field images of specimens. High-reliability area data of the focus measure map and spatial affinity information of the matting Laplacian are used to estimate nearly realistic depths. This process represents a reference value for the light-field microscopy depth range that was not previously available. A 3D model is regenerated by combining the depth data and the high-resolution 2D image. The element image array is rendered through a simplified direction-reversal calculation method, which depends on user interaction from the 3D model and is displayed on the 3D display device. We confirm that the proposed system increases the accuracy of depth estimation and measurement and improves the quality of visualization and 3D display images.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhang, X. Y., B. Zhou, H. Li, and W. Xin. "Depth detection of spar cap defects in large-scale wind turbine blades based on a 3D heat conduction model using step heating infrared thermography." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (2022): 055008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac41a8.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The defects dispersed in a spar cap often lead to the failure of large-scale wind turbine blades. To predict the residual service life of the blade and make the repair, it is necessary to detect the depth of spar cap defects. Step-heating thermography (SHT) is a common infrared technique in this domain. However, the existing methods of SHT on defect depth detection are generally based on 1D models, which are unable to accurately detect the depth of spar cap defects due to ignoring material anisotropy and in-plane heat flow. To improve the depth detection accuracy of spar cap defects, a 3D model based on the theory of heat transfer is established by using the equivalent source method (ESM), and a defect depth criterion is proposed based on the analytical solution of the heat conduction equation. The modeling process is as follows. The heat conduction model of SHT was established by ESM. Then, coordinate transformation, variables separation, and Laplace transformation were utilized to solve the 3D heat conduction equation. A defect depth criterion was proposed based on emerging contrast Cr. A glass fiber reinforced plastic composite plate containing 12 square flat-bottom holes with different sizes and depths was manufactured to represent a spar cap with large thermal resistance defects, such as delamination and cracks. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the 3D model. Then, the model was applied to an on-site SHT test of a 1.5 MW wind turbine blade. The test results prove that the depth detection accuracy of spar cap defects can be significantly improved by using the 3D model. In addition, by using an improved principle component analysis (PCA) method containing a contrast enhancement factor, artifacts can be reduced and the recognition time of defects can be shortened. The 3D model provides a tool for detecting the depth of deep-lying defects in a thick composite structure, and the SHT technology is optimized by improved PCA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yu, Jongsub, and Hyukdoo Choi. "YOLO MDE: Object Detection with Monocular Depth Estimation." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010076.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents an object detector with depth estimation using monocular camera images. Previous detection studies have typically focused on detecting objects with 2D or 3D bounding boxes. A 3D bounding box consists of the center point, its size parameters, and heading information. However, predicting complex output compositions leads a model to have generally low performances, and it is not necessary for risk assessment for autonomous driving. We focused on predicting a single depth per object, which is essential for risk assessment for autonomous driving. Our network architecture is based on YOLO v4, which is a fast and accurate one-stage object detector. We added an additional channel to the output layer for depth estimation. To train depth prediction, we extract the closest depth from the 3D bounding box coordinates of ground truth labels in the dataset. Our model is compared with the latest studies on 3D object detection using the KITTI object detection benchmark. As a result, we show that our model achieves higher detection performance and detection speed than existing models with comparable depth accuracy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D Depth Model"

1

Sexton, Paul. "3D velocity-depth model building using surface seismic and well data." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4824/.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to develop techniques that could be used to rapidly build a three-dimensional velocity-depth model of the subsurface, using the widest possible variety of data available from conventional seismic processing and allowing for moderate structural complexity. The result is a fully implemented inversion methodology that has been applied successfully to a large number of diverse case studies. A model-based inversion technique is presented and shown to be significantly more accurate than the analytical methods of velocity determination that dominate industrial practice. The inversion itself is based around two stages of ray-tracing. The first takes picked interpretations in migrated-time and maps them into depth using a hypothetical interval velocity field; the second checks the validity of this field by simulating fully the kinematics of seismic acquisition and processing as accurately as possible. Inconsistencies between the actual and the modelled data can then be used to update the interval velocity field using a conventional linear scheme. In order to produce a velocity-depth model that ties the wells, the inversion must include anisotropy. Moreover, a strong correlation between anisotropy and lithology is found. Unfortunately, surface seismic and well-tie data are not usually sufficient to uniquely resolve all the anisotropy parameters; however, the degree of non-uniqueness can be measured quantitatively by a resolution matrix which demonstrates that the model parameter trade-offs are highly dependent on the model and the seismic acquisition. The model parameters are further constrained by introducing well seismic traveltimes into the inversion. These introduce a greater range of propagation angles and reduce the non- uniqueness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

BIAGIOLI, ELISA. "Depth-averaged and 3D Finite Volume numerical models for viscous fluids, with application to the simulation of lava flows." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1057651.

Full text
Abstract:
This Ph.D. project was initially born from the motivation to contribute to the depth-averaged and 3D modeling of lava flows. Still, we can frame the work done in a broader and more generalist vision. We developed two models that may be used for generic viscous fluids, and we applied efficient numerical schemes for both cases, as explained in the following. The new solvers simulate free-surface viscous fluids whose temperature changes are due to radiative, convective, and conductive heat exchanges. A temperature-dependent viscoplastic model is used for the final application to lava flows. Both the models behind the solvers were derived from mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws. Still, one was obtained by following the depth-averaged model approach and the other by the 3D model approach. The numerical schemes adopted in both our models belong to the family of finite volume methods, based on the integral form of the conservation laws. This choice of methods family is fundamental because it allows the creation and propagation of discontinuities in the solutions and enforces the conservation properties of the equations. We propose a depth-averaged model for a viscous fluid in an incompressible and laminar regime with an additional transport equation for a scalar quantity varying horizontally and a variable density that depends on such transported quantity. Viscosity and non-constant vertical profiles for the velocity and the transported quantity are assumed, overtaking the classic shallow-water formulation. The classic formulation bases on several assumptions, such as the fact that the vertical pressure distribution is hydrostatic, that the vertical component of the velocity can be neglected, and that the horizontal velocity field can be considered constant with depth because the classic formulation accounts for non-viscous fluids. When the vertical shear is essential, the last assumption is too restrictive, so it must relax, producing a modified momentum equation in which a coefficient, known as the Boussinesq factor, appears in the advective term. The spatial discretization method we employed is a modified version of the central-upwind scheme introduced by Kurganov and Petrova in 2007 for the classical shallow water equations. This method is based on a semi-discretization of the computational domain, is stable, and, being a high-order method, has a low numerical diffusion. For the temporal discretization, we used an implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta technique discussed by Russo in 2005 that permits an implicit treatment of the stiff terms. The whole scheme is proved to preserve the positivity of flow thickness and the stationary steady-states. Several numerical experiments validate the proposed method, show the incidence on the numerical solutions of shape coefficients introduced in the model and present the effects of the viscosity-related parameters on the final emplacement of a lava flow. Our 3D model describes the dynamics of two incompressible, viscous, and immiscible fluids, possibly belonging to different phases. Being interested in the final application of lava flows, we also have an equation for energy that models the thermal exchanges between the fluid and the environment. We implemented this model in OpenFOAM, which employs a segregated strategy and the Finite Volume Methods to solve the equations. The Volume of Fluid (VoF) technique introduced by Hirt and Nichols in 1981 is used to deal with the multiphase dynamics (based on the Interphase Capturing strategy), and hence a new transport equation for the volume fraction of one phase is added. The challenging effort of maintaining an accurate description of the interphase between fluids is solved by using the Multidimensional Universal Limiter for Explicit Solution (MULES) method (described by Marquez Damian in 2013) that implements the Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) technique introduced by Boris and Book in 1973, proposing a mix of high and low order schemes. The choice of the framework to use for any new numerical code is crucial. Our contribution consists of creating a new solver called interThermalRadConvFoam in the OpenFOAM framework by modifying the already existing solver interFoam (described by Deshpande et al. in 2012). Finally, we compared the results of our simulations with some benchmarks to evaluate the performances of our model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sankoh, Hiroshi. "Object Extraction for Virtual-viewpoint Video Synthesis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/200465.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hua, Xiaoben, and Yuxia Yang. "A Fusion Model For Enhancement of Range Images." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2203.

Full text
Abstract:
In this thesis, we would like to present a new way to enhance the “depth map” image which is called as the fusion of depth images. The goal of our thesis is to try to enhance the “depth images” through a fusion of different classification methods. For that, we will use three similar but different methodologies, the Graph-Cut, Super-Pixel and Principal Component Analysis algorithms to solve the enhancement and output of our result. After that, we will compare the effect of the enhancement of our result with the original depth images. This result indicates the effectiveness of our methodology.<br>Room 401, No.56, Lane 21, Yin Gao Road, Shanghai, China
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Diskin, Yakov. "Dense 3D Point Cloud Representation of a Scene Using Uncalibrated Monocular Vision." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1366386933.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Stålberg, Martin. "Reconstruction of trees from 3D point clouds." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316833.

Full text
Abstract:
The geometrical structure of a tree can consist of thousands, even millions, of branches, twigs and leaves in complex arrangements. The structure contains a lot of useful information and can be used for example to assess a tree's health or calculate parameters such as total wood volume or branch size distribution. Because of the complexity, capturing the structure of an entire tree used to be nearly impossible, but the increased availability and quality of particularly digital cameras and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) instruments is making it increasingly possible. A set of digital images of a tree, or a point cloud of a tree from a LIDAR scan, contains a lot of data, but the information about the tree structure has to be extracted from this data through analysis. This work presents a method of reconstructing 3D models of trees from point clouds. The model is constructed from cylindrical segments which are added one by one. Bayesian inference is used to determine how to optimize the parameters of model segment candidates and whether or not to accept them as part of the model. A Hough transform for finding cylinders in point clouds is presented, and used as a heuristic to guide the proposals of model segment candidates. Previous related works have mainly focused on high density point clouds of sparse trees, whereas the objective of this work was to analyze low resolution point clouds of dense almond trees. The method is evaluated on artificial and real datasets and works rather well on high quality data, but performs poorly on low resolution data with gaps and occlusions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Grankvist, Ola. "Recognition and Registration of 3D Models in Depth Sensor Data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131452.

Full text
Abstract:
Object Recognition is the art of localizing predefined objects in image sensor data. In this thesis a depth sensor was used which has the benefit that the 3D pose of the object can be estimated. This has applications in e.g. automatic manufacturing, where a robot picks up parts or tools with a robot arm. This master thesis presents an implementation and an evaluation of a system for object recognition of 3D models in depth sensor data. The system uses several depth images rendered from a 3D model and describes their characteristics using so-called feature descriptors. These are then matched with the descriptors of a scene depth image to find the 3D pose of the model in the scene. The pose estimate is then refined iteratively using a registration method. Different descriptors and registration methods are investigated. One of the main contributions of this thesis is that it compares two different types of descriptors, local and global, which has seen little attention in research. This is done for two different scene scenarios, and for different types of objects and depth sensors. The evaluation shows that global descriptors are fast and robust for objects with a smooth visible surface whereas the local descriptors perform better for larger objects in clutter and occlusion. This thesis also presents a novel global descriptor, the CESF, which is observed to be more robust than other global descriptors. As for the registration methods, the ICP is shown to perform most accurately and ICP point-to-plane more robust.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Semmens, Stephen Bradley. "An Engineering Geological Investigation of the Seismic Subsoil Classes in the Central Wellington Commercial Area." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4287.

Full text
Abstract:
The city of Wellington has a high population concentration and lies within a geologically active landscape at the southern end of the North Island, New Zealand. Wellington has a high seismic risk due to its close proximity to several major fault systems, with the active Wellington Fault located in the north-western central city. Varying soil depth and properties in combination with the close proximity of active faults mean that in a large earthquake rupture event, ground shaking amplification is expected to occur in Thorndon, Te Aro and around the waterfront. This thesis focuses on the area bounded by Thorndon Overbridge in the north, Wellington Hospital in the south, Kelburn in the west, and Oriental Bay in the east. It includes many of the major buildings and infrastructural elements located within the central Wellington commercial area. The main objectives were to create an electronic database which allows for convenient access to all available data within the study area, to create a 3D geological model based upon this data, and to define areas of different seismic subsoil class and depth to rock within the study area at a scale that is useful for preliminary geotechnical analysis (1:5,000. Borelogs from 1025 holes with accompanying geological and geotechnical data obtained from GNS Science and Tonkin & Taylor were compiled into a database, together with the results from SPAC microtremor testing at 12 sites undertaken specifically for this study. This thesis discusses relevant background work and defines the local Wellington geology. A 3D geological model of the central Wellington commercial area, along with ten ArcGIS maps including surficial, depth to bedrock, site period, Vs30, ground shaking amplification hazard and site class (NZS 1170.5:2004) maps were created. These outputs show that a significant ground shaking amplification risk is posed on the city, with the waterfront, Te Aro and Thorndon areas most at risk.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hasnat, Md Abul. "Unsupervised 3D image clustering and extension to joint color and depth segmentation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4013/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L'accès aux séquences d'images 3D s'est aujourd'hui démocratisé, grâce aux récentes avancées dans le développement des capteurs de profondeur ainsi que des méthodes permettant de manipuler des informations 3D à partir d'images 2D. De ce fait, il y a une attente importante de la part de la communauté scientifique de la vision par ordinateur dans l'intégration de l'information 3D. En effet, des travaux de recherche ont montré que les performances de certaines applications pouvaient être améliorées en intégrant l'information 3D. Cependant, il reste des problèmes à résoudre pour l'analyse et la segmentation de scènes intérieures comme (a) comment l'information 3D peut-elle être exploitée au mieux ? et (b) quelle est la meilleure manière de prendre en compte de manière conjointe les informations couleur et 3D ? Nous abordons ces deux questions dans cette thèse et nous proposons de nouvelles méthodes non supervisées pour la classification d'images 3D et la segmentation prenant en compte de manière conjointe les informations de couleur et de profondeur. A cet effet, nous formulons l'hypothèse que les normales aux surfaces dans les images 3D sont des éléments à prendre en compte pour leur analyse, et leurs distributions sont modélisables à l'aide de lois de mélange. Nous utilisons la méthode dite « Bregman Soft Clustering » afin d'être efficace d'un point de vue calculatoire. De plus, nous étudions plusieurs lois de probabilités permettant de modéliser les distributions de directions : la loi de von Mises-Fisher et la loi de Watson. Les méthodes de classification « basées modèles » proposées sont ensuite validées en utilisant des données de synthèse puis nous montrons leur intérêt pour l'analyse des images 3D (ou de profondeur). Une nouvelle méthode de segmentation d'images couleur et profondeur, appelées aussi images RGB-D, exploitant conjointement la couleur, la position 3D, et la normale locale est alors développée par extension des précédentes méthodes et en introduisant une méthode statistique de fusion de régions « planes » à l'aide d'un graphe. Les résultats montrent que la méthode proposée donne des résultats au moins comparables aux méthodes de l'état de l'art tout en demandant moins de temps de calcul. De plus, elle ouvre des perspectives nouvelles pour la fusion non supervisée des informations de couleur et de géométrie. Nous sommes convaincus que les méthodes proposées dans cette thèse pourront être utilisées pour la classification d'autres types de données comme la parole, les données d'expression en génétique, etc. Elles devraient aussi permettre la réalisation de tâches complexes comme l'analyse conjointe de données contenant des images et de la parole<br>Access to the 3D images at a reasonable frame rate is widespread now, thanks to the recent advances in low cost depth sensors as well as the efficient methods to compute 3D from 2D images. As a consequence, it is highly demanding to enhance the capability of existing computer vision applications by incorporating 3D information. Indeed, it has been demonstrated in numerous researches that the accuracy of different tasks increases by including 3D information as an additional feature. However, for the task of indoor scene analysis and segmentation, it remains several important issues, such as: (a) how the 3D information itself can be exploited? and (b) what is the best way to fuse color and 3D in an unsupervised manner? In this thesis, we address these issues and propose novel unsupervised methods for 3D image clustering and joint color and depth image segmentation. To this aim, we consider image normals as the prominent feature from 3D image and cluster them with methods based on finite statistical mixture models. We consider Bregman Soft Clustering method to ensure computationally efficient clustering. Moreover, we exploit several probability distributions from directional statistics, such as the von Mises-Fisher distribution and the Watson distribution. By combining these, we propose novel Model Based Clustering methods. We empirically validate these methods using synthetic data and then demonstrate their application for 3D/depth image analysis. Afterward, we extend these methods to segment synchronized 3D and color image, also called RGB-D image. To this aim, first we propose a statistical image generation model for RGB-D image. Then, we propose novel RGB-D segmentation method using a joint color-spatial-axial clustering and a statistical planar region merging method. Results show that, the proposed method is comparable with the state of the art methods and requires less computation time. Moreover, it opens interesting perspectives to fuse color and geometry in an unsupervised manner. We believe that the methods proposed in this thesis are equally applicable and extendable for clustering different types of data, such as speech, gene expressions, etc. Moreover, they can be used for complex tasks, such as joint image-speech data analysis
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.

Full text
Abstract:
En tant que géoscientifique dans le domaine de l’Exploration pétrolière et gazière depuis une vingtaine d’années, mes fonctions professionnelles m’ont permis d’effectuer différents travaux de recherche sur la thématique de la gestion des risques et des incertitudes. Ces travaux de recherche se situent sur l’ensemble de la chaîne d’analyse Exploration, traitant de problématiques liées à l’acquisition et au traitement sismique, jusqu’au placement optimal de forages d’exploration. Un volet plus poussé de mes travaux s’est orienté sur la gestion des incertitudes géophysiques en Exploration pétrolière, là où l’incertitude est la plus importante et paradoxalement la moins travaillée.On peut regrouper mes travaux de recherche en trois grands domaines qui suivent les grandes étapes du processus Exploration : le traitement sismique, leur interprétation, et enfin l'analyse et l'extraction des différentes incertitudes qui vont nous permettre de calculer les volumes d’hydrocarbures en place et récupérables, ainsi que l’analyse de ses risques associés. L’ensemble des travaux de recherche ont été appliqués avec succès sur des cas d’études opérationnelles. Après avoir introduit quelques notions générales et détaillé les grandes étapes du processus Exploration et leur lien direct avec ces problématiques, je présenterai quatre grands projets de recherche sur un cas d’étude algérien<br>In the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "3D Depth Model"

1

Lin, Jun-Yang, May-Fang She, Ming-Han Tsai, I.-Chen Lin, Yo-Chung Lau, and Hsu-Hang Liu. "3D Articulated Model Retrieval Using Depth Image Input." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26756-8_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Golyanik, Vladislav. "Coherent Depth Fields with High Dimensional Space Model." In Robust Methods for Dense Monocular Non-Rigid 3D Reconstruction and Alignment of Point Clouds. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30567-3_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Li, Chunhua, Ping An, Liquan Shen, Kai Li, and Jian Ma. "A Modified Just Noticeable Depth Difference Model for 3D Displays." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4211-9_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sanfeliu, A., M. Añaños, and M. J. Dunjó. "Integrating Driving Model and Depth for Identification of Partially Occluded 3D Models." In Multisensor Fusion for Computer Vision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02957-2_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mao, Z., and A. J. Naftel. "3D Image Analysis of Facial Shape Changes Using Depth from Stereo." In Noblesse Workshop on Non-Linear Model Based Image Analysis. Springer London, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1597-7_44.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Park, Jiyoung, Hye-Jin Park, and Myoung-Hee Kim. "Stereoscopic 3D Model Viewer with Improved Depth Perception for Battlefield Visualization." In Advanced Methods, Techniques, and Applications in Modeling and Simulation. Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54216-2_41.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Maki, Naoto, Shohei Nakamura, Shigeru Takano, and Yoshihiro Okada. "3D Model Generation of Cattle Using Multiple Depth-Maps for ICT Agriculture." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61566-0_72.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Singer, David, Dorian Rohner, and Dominik Henrich. "Robot-Based Creation of Complete 3D Workpiece Models." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_24.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractA complete object database containing a model (representing geometric and texture information) of every possible workpiece is a common necessity e.g. for different object recognition or task planning approaches. The generation of these models is often a tedious process. In this paper we present a fully automated approach to tackle this problem by generating complete workpiece models using a robotic manipulator. A workpiece is recorded by a depth sensor from multiple views for one side, then turned, and captured from the other side. The resulting point clouds are merged into one complete model. Additionally, we represent the information provided by the object’s texture using keypoints. We present a proof of concept and evaluate the precision of the final models. In the end we conclude the usefulness of our approach showing a precision of around 1 mm for the resulting models.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Neklyudov, Dmitry, Kirill Gadylshin, and Maxim Protasov. "Parallel Implementation of Fast 3D Travel Time Tomography for Depth-Velocity Model Building in Seismic Exploration Problems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22941-1_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Caron, Guillaume, Mounya Belghiti, and Anthony Dessaux. "3D Model-Based Tracking of Puppet in Depth Images for the Dynamic Video-Mapping of Its Suit." In Optoelectronic Devices in Robotic Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09791-1_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "3D Depth Model"

1

F. Jones, I. "Iterative 3D Depth Model Building via One-Pass 3D Depth Migration." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407571.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Koren, Z., R. Strahilevitz, and D. Kosloff. "True Amplitude 3D Model Based Migration." In EAGE/SEG Workshop - Depth Imaging of Reservoir Attributes. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406685.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kosloff, D., Z. Koren, U. Zakhem, R. Strahilevitz, and R. Weinshel. "3D Model Based Strategy for Subsurface Parameter Determination." In EAGE/SEG Workshop - Depth Imaging of Reservoir Attributes. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406678.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Probst, Thomas, Andrea Fossati, Mathieu Salzmann, and Luc Van Gool. "Efficient Model-Free Anthropometry from Depth Data." In 2017 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dv.2017.00062.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

W. Fagin, S., A. Litvin, and A. Brown. "3D Model-Based Time Gather Velocity Analysis." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407570.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Etgen, J., and T. Kunz. "The 3D SEG Salt Model - Dreams and Reality." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407597.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cognot, R., P. Lavest, F. Bosquet, and J. L. Mallet. "Generating a 3D Velocity Model - the GOCAD Approach." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407586.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Operto, S., G. Lambaré, P. Podvin, and P. Thierry. "Removing Acquisition Footprint on 3D Ray-Born Inversion of the Overthrust Model." In EAGE/SEG Workshop - Depth Imaging of Reservoir Attributes. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406707.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Roth, M., D. Kessler, and D. M. Sibley. "3D Velocity Model Building - an Accurate and Efficient Interpretive Workflow." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407572.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hinkley, D., R. Ho, and S. Lee. "Velocity Model Building for 3D Pre-Stack Depth Migration - a Case Study." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407588.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "3D Depth Model"

1

Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

Full text
Abstract:
The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Plourde, A. P., and J. F. Cassidy. Mapping tectonic stress at subduction zones with earthquake focal mechanisms: application to Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330943.

Full text
Abstract:
Earthquake focal mechanisms have contributed substantially to our understanding of modern tectonic stress regimes, perhaps more than any other data source. Studies generally group focal mechanisms by epicentral location to examine variations in stress across a region. However, stress variations with depth have rarely been considered, either due to data limitations or because they were believed to be negligible. This study presents 3D grids of tectonic stress tensors using existing focal mechanism catalogs from several subduction zones, including Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. We bin data into 50 x 50 x 10 km cells (north, east, vertical), with 50% overlap in all three directions. This resulted in 181380 stress inversions, with 90% of these in Japan (including Nankai). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination of stress changes with depth in several of these regions. The resulting maps and cross-sections of stress can help distinguish locked and creeping segments of the plate interface. Similarly, by dividing the focal mechanism catalog in northern Japan into those before and those &amp;amp;gt;6 months after the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, we are able to produce detailed 3D maps of stress rotation, which is close to 90° near the areas of highest slip. These results could inform geodynamic rupture models of future megathrust earthquakes in order to more accurately estimate slip, shaking, and seismic hazard. Southern Cascadia and Nankai appear to have sharp stress discontinuities at ~20 km depth, and northern Cascadia may have a similar discontinuity at ~30 km depth. These stress boundaries may relate to rheological discontinuities in the forearc, and may help us unravel how forearc composition influences subduction zone behaviour and seismic hazard.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

Full text
Abstract:
Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

NUMERICAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF ENHANCED C-CHANNELS IN STEEL-UHPC-STEEL SANDWICH STRUCTURES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.4.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper firstly developed a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) for enhanced C-channels (ECs) in steel-UHPC-steel sandwich structures (SUSSSs). The FEM was validated by 12 push-out tests on ECs with UHPC. With the validated FEM, this paper performed in-depth parametric studies on shear behaviours of ECs with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). These investigated parameters included bolt-hole gap (a), grade (M) and diameter (d) of bolt, core strength (fc), length of C-channel (Lc), and prestressing force ratio on bolt (ρ) in ECs. Under shear forces, the ECs in UHPC exhibited successive fractures of bolts and C-channels. Increasing the bolt-hole gap within 0-2 mm has no harm on the ultimate shear resistance, but greatly improves the slip capacity of ECs. Increasing grade and diameter of bolts improves the shear resistance and ductility of ECs through increasing the PB/PC (shear strength of bolt to that of C-channel) ratio. Increasing the core strength increased the shear resistance, but reduced the ductility of ECs due to the reduced PB/PC ratio. The ECs with Lc value of 50 mm offer the best ductility. Prestressing force acting on the bolts reduced the shear strength and ductility of ECs with UHPC. Analytical models were proposed to estimate the ultimate shear resistance and shear-slip behaviours of ECs with UHPC. The extensive validations of these models against 12 tests and 31 FEM analysis cases proved their reasonable evaluations on shear behaviours of ECs with UHPC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic '3D Depth Model' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography