Academic literature on the topic '3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS'
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Journal articles on the topic "3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS"
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Olszewski, R., G. Cosnard, B. Macq, P. Mahy, and H. Reychler. "3D CT-based cephalometric analysis: 3D cephalometric theoretical concept and software." Neuroradiology 48, no. 11 (September 29, 2006): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0140-x.
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Mummolo, Stefano, Alessandro Nota, Enrico Marchetti, Giuseppe Padricelli, and Giuseppe Marzo. "The 3D Tele Motion Tracking for the Orthodontic Facial Analysis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4932136.
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Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of 3D-TMT, previously used only for dynamic testing, in a static cephalometric evaluation. Material and Method. A group of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females; mean age 14.2±1.2 years; 12–18 years old) was included in the study. The measurements obtained by the 3D-TMT cephalometric analysis with a conventional frontal cephalometric analysis were compared for each subject. Nine passive markers reflectors were positioned on the face skin for the detection of the profile of the patient. Through the acquisition of these points, corresponding plans for three-dimensional posterior-anterior cephalometric analysis were found. Results. The cephalometric results carried out with 3D-TMT and with traditional posterior-anterior cephalometric analysis showed the 3D-TMT system values are slightly higher than the values measured on radiographs but statistically significant; nevertheless their correlation is very high. Conclusion. The recorded values obtained using the 3D-TMT analysis were correlated to cephalometric analysis, with small but statistically significant differences. The Dahlberg errors resulted to be always lower than the mean difference between the 2D and 3D measurements. A clinician should use, during the clinical monitoring of a patient, always the same method, to avoid comparing different millimeter magnitudes.
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Li, Chenshuang, Hellen Teixeira, Nipul Tanna, Zhong Zheng, Stephanie Hsiang Yi Chen, Min Zou, and Chun-Hsi Chung. "The Reliability of Two- and Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Measurements: A CBCT Study." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122292.
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Cephalometry is a standard diagnostic tool in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery fields. However, built-in magnification from the cephalometric machine produces double images from left- and right-side craniofacial structures on the film, which poses difficulty for accurate cephalometric tracing and measurements. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images not only allow three-dimensional (3D) analysis, but also enable the extraction of two-dimensional (2D) images without magnification. To evaluate the most reliable cephalometric analysis method, we extracted 2D lateral cephalometric images with and without magnification from twenty full-cranium CBCT datasets; images were extracted with magnification to mimic traditional lateral cephalograms. Cephalometric tracings were performed on the two types of extracted 2D lateral cephalograms and on the reconstructed 3D full cranium images by two examiners. The intra- and inter-examiner intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were compared between linear and angular parameters, as well as between CBCT datasets of adults and children. Our results showed that overall, tracing on 2D cephalometric images without magnification increased intra- and inter-examiner reliability, while 3D tracing reduced inter-examiner reliability. Angular parameters and children’s images had the lowest inter- and intra-examiner ICCs compared with adult samples and linear parameters. In summary, using lateral cephalograms extracted from CBCT without magnification for tracing/analysis increased reliability. Special attention is needed when analyzing young patients’ images and measuring angular parameters.
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Alsubai, Shtwai. "A Critical Review on the 3D Cephalometric Analysis Using Machine Learning." Computers 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11110154.
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Machine learning applications have momentously enhanced the quality of human life. The past few decades have seen the progression and application of machine learning in diverse medical fields. With the rapid advancement in technology, machine learning has secured prominence in the prediction and classification of diseases through medical images. This technological expansion in medical imaging has enabled the automated recognition of anatomical landmarks in radiographs. In this context, it is decisive that machine learning is capable of supporting clinical decision support systems with image processing and whose scope is found in the cephalometric analysis. Though the application of machine learning has been seen in dentistry and medicine, its progression in orthodontics has grown slowly despite promising outcomes. Therefore, the present study has performed a critical review of recent studies that have focused on the application of machine learning in 3D cephalometric analysis consisting of landmark identification, decision making, and diagnosis. The study also focused on the reliability and accuracy of existing methods that have employed machine learning in 3D cephalometry. In addition, the study also contributed by outlining the integration of deep learning approaches in cephalometric analysis. Finally, the applications and challenges faced are briefly explained in the review. The final section of the study comprises a critical analysis from which the most recent scope will be comprehended.
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Kuroiedova, V. D., Y. Y. Vyzhenko, O. M. Makarova, and O. A. Stasiuk. "SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE USE OF CONE-BEAM COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT) FOR CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN THE «AUDAXCEPH» PROGRAMM." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2019.09.
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This article is concerned with peculiarities of points’ placement in orthodontics and study of cephalometric parameters on 3D reconstructions.
The aim of the investigation is to develop out the algorithm of distribution of main cephalometric points on 3D reconstructions, received from CBCT and compare characteristics of measurements done on classic teleroentgenogram (TRG) and 3D reconstructions.
Materials and methods. The main angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-Ba) skeletal saggital parameters, vertical (ML-NSL, NL-ML, Facial axis, <G), and dental were taken (+1/NL, -1/ML, +1/-1). The analysis of dental radiographs was done for cephalometry «AudaxCeph». Teleroentgenogram and 3 D reconstructions of 20 patients were investigated.
Comparing all indices of TRG and 3D reconstructions statistically significant difference was not revealed (р> 0,05). The most significant indices was established during the study of incisive indices - +1/NL, 110±2,72 и 110,2±5,02 correspondingly inter-incisal angle +1/-1 - 133,8±2,21 and 138±5,79.
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Castillo, Jose C., Grace Gianneschi, Demyana Azer, Amornrut Manosudprasit, Arshan Haghi, Neetu Bansal, Veerasathpurush Allareddy, and Mohamed I. Masoud. "The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/120317-825.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the relationship between traditional cephalometric measurements and corresponding nonradiographic three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 20 orthodontic patients (10 male and 10 female) who received lateral cephalometric radiographs and 3D dentofacial photogrammetric records with each subject serving as his or her own control for a total sample size of 40 images (20 per method). A 3D analysis that resembled a traditional cephalometric analysis was established using the eyes and natural head orientation as substitutes for the cranial base. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression plots were calculated to evaluate the relationship between the photogrammetry measurements and the cephalometric measurements. Results: The ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, lower anterior face height, upper incisor angle to SN, upper incisor angle to NA, and all measurements of lower incisor position and inclination had strong positive Pearson correlation coefficients with the corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements (P < .004). Statistically significant regression plots demonstrated that cephalometric relationships between the jaws and incisor orientation can be predicted from corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements. Conclusions: 3D photogrammetry measurements relating the jaws to each other and incisor orientation has a strong positive correlation with corresponding traditional cephalometric measurements and can serve as cephalometric predictors. Capturing the eyes using 3D photogrammetry can obviate the need to expose the cranial base and allow limiting the radiographic field to the area of interest.
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Ivanović, Anita. "Conventional, Digital 2D and 3D CBCT Cephalogram." Radiološki vjesnik 46, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55378/rv.46.2.4.
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The cephalogram is a radiological image used in orthodontics. Cephalometric analysis includes the interconnection of reference points which allows analyses and measurements of various planes and angles, which serve as an aid in finding the correct treatment of teeth. The standard cephalogram is recorded in two projections – LL and PA. The combination of LL and PA recordings once made up a 3D display up to the appearance of the CBCT device. Since the introduction of cephalometric analyses, numerous authors have pointed out the need for the development of new methods of analysis and measurement to correct the shortcomings of reference points, lines, and angles. The aim of this paper is to present a reliability assessment of cephalometric analysis and measurement on three types of cephalograms: conventional, digital 2D, and 3D CBCT cephalograms. Furthermore, the article presents the methodology and results of several scientific studies. The results of the reviewed studies show that all tested methods are reliable and practical for scientific research, with clinically acceptable differences between manually and digitally analyzed cephalograms. 3D CBCT shows a slightly higher degree of reliability in terms of taking measurements, but it is thought that new ways of producing more accurate measurements as well as better ways of displaying certain reference points should be devised. Finally, 2D cephalometric measurements should not be abandoned because the transition to 3D technology requires more additional research.
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Ho, Cheng-Ting, Rafael Denadai, Hsin-Chih Lai, Lun-Jou Lo, and Hsiu-Hsia Lin. "Computer-Aided Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Comparative Study with the Establishment of Burstone Analysis-Derived 3D Norms." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122106.
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Three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided simulation has revolutionized orthognathic surgery treatment, but scarce 3D cephalometric norms have been defined to date. The purposes of this study were to (1) establish a normative database of 3D Burstone cephalometric measurements for adult male and female Chinese in Taiwan, (2) compare this 3D norm dataset with the two-dimensional (2D) Burstone norms from Caucasian and Singaporean Chinese populations, and (3) apply these 3D norms to assess the outcome of a computer-aided simulation of orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric analysis was performed on 3D digital craniofacial image models generated from cone-beam computed tomography datasets of 60 adult Taiwanese Chinese individuals with normal occlusion and balanced facial profile. Three-dimensional Burstone analysis was performed on 3D image datasets from patients with skeletal Class III pattern (n = 30) with prior computer-aided simulation. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric measurements showed that Taiwanese Chinese males had significantly (p < 0.05) larger anterior and posterior facial heights, maxillary length, and mandibular ramus height than females, with no significant (p > 0.05) difference for facial soft-tissue parameters. The 3D norm dataset revealed Taiwanese Chinese-specific facial characteristics, with Taiwanese presenting (p < 0.05) a more convex profile, protrusive maxillary apical bases, protruding mandible, protruding upper and lower lips, and a shorter maxillary length and lower facial height than Caucasians. Taiwanese had significantly (p < 0.05) larger maxillary projection, vertical height ratio, lower face throat angle, nasolabial angle, and upper lip protrusion than Singaporean Chinese. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed between 3D norms and computer-aided simulation-derived 3D patient images for horizontal skeletal, vertical skeletal, and dental measurements, with the exception of two dental parameters (p < 0.05). This study contributes to literature by providing gender- and ethnic-specific 3D Burstone cephalometric norms, which can assist in the multidisciplinary-based delivery of orthodontic surgical care for Taiwanese Chinese individuals worldwide, including orthodontic management, computer-assisted simulation, and outcome assessment.
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Tsynkel, Paweł, and Krzysztof Woźniak. "A comparison of threedimensional photogrammetric analysis of the face with traditional cephalometric measurements." Forum Ortodontyczne 13, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8764.
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Spatial reconstruction based on two-dimensional photographs is a method to obtain 3D images which does not require high equipment investments. The third dimension is obtainable by taking additional photographs of an object from several angles according to a scheme allowing to determine a specific perspective and their relative location towards others in a precise way. <b>Aim</b>. To assess precision of the author’s photogrammetric method for three-dimensional facial reconstruction (3D). To compare results of cephalometric analyses on X-ray scans with photogrammetric threedimensional facial reconstruction. <b>Material and methods.</b> The study was performed based on components of routine medical documentation of 57 orthodontic patients (21 males and 36 females, mean age 18.2 years (9.9–45.3 years). Right-face cephalometric radiographs and right-, full-, and left-face digital photographs were analyzed in the studies. All photographs were taken with a mobile photostatic station. Photographs were taken when a patient assumed a sitting position with natural head orientation (NHO). With regard to a laboratory stage, all photographs were cataloged appropriately and then they were calibrated, idealized, and spatially reconstructed (3D). <b>Results.</b> With regard to a 3D facial reconstruction method a mean difference of measurements was 0.45 mm and the standard deviation was 0.38 mm. Precision (repeatability) for five linear measurements of the face was 0.53 mm (SD = 0.46 mm), and for angular measurements the precision was 0.6° with the standard deviation of 0.49°. Results of the correlation analysis showed that the mean correlation coefficient (r) for six angular measurements was 0.79. The correlation coefficient between measurements performed using both cephalometric methods was statistically significant (p = 0.0000). Conclusions. The authors’ system of photogrammetric 3D facial reconstruction is an effective cephalometric tool. 3D photogrammetric facial reconstruction may be used when planning orthodontic treatment. <b>(Tsynkel P, Woźniak K. A comparison of three-dimensional photogrammetric analysis of the face with traditional cephalometric measurements. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 141-52).</b>
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Haworth, Jennifer, Miesha Virdi, and Anthony J. Ireland. "Lateral Cephalograms: Why Do We Take Them?" Orthodontic Update 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2022): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ortu.2022.15.2.82.
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Orthodontic indications for lateral cephalograms are diagnosis, prescription, prediction and research. Benefits of taking these radiographs must be weighed against the risks of radiation exposure. Various cephalometric analyses have been described, and these are commonly used for diagnosis and treatment planning, but unavoidable errors of both projection and identification can complicate radiographic interpretation. The use of the cervical vertebral maturation technique for growth prediction has been contentious, but may have a useful role in aiding treatment timing. Research outcomes in orthodontics have focused heavily on cephalometrics, but this is starting to change, especially with the development of 3D analysis techniques. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The range of uses of lateral cephalograms in orthodontic practice and some of the latest research regarding the use of cephalometrics in treatment planning is described.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS"
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MAURO, CESARE. "INDAGINE CEFALOMETRICA ORTODONTICA 3D: DAL FULL SIZE AI FOV RIDOTTI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/693229.
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OBJECTIVE CBCT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RADIATION EXPOSURE,IN PARTICULAR WITH LARGE FIELDS OF VIEW (FOV) THAN CONVENTIONAL X-RAY TECHNIQUES COMMONLY USED IN ORTHODONTICS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO DESCRIBE A NEW MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON CBCT AND TO COMPARE THIS METHOD FOR ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS WITH TWO TRADITIONAL BI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSES. MATERIALS AND METHODS 35 CBCT EXAMS (14 MALE; 21 FEMALE) WITH MEAN AGE 19,37+-11,76 WERE SELECTED FROM THE ARCHIVE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DENTISTRY OF ARMY MILITARY HOSPITAL, MILAN, ITALY. A MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPOSED OF 21 LANDMARKS (10 MIDSAGITAL AND 5 BILATERAL) AND 24 MEASUREMENTS (12 LINEAR, 12 ANGULAR) WERE PERFORMED USING A SOFTWEAR MIMICS RESEARCH® V. 17.0 (NV, TECHNOLOGIELAAN 15, 3001 LEUVEN, BELGIUM). ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL ANALYSIS BASED ON TRADITIONAL BI-DIMENSIONAL EXAMINATIONS WAS CALCULATED WITH ANB ANGLE AND WITS INDEX. COHEN’S WEIGHTED KAPPA WAS USED FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO PERFORM THE INTER RATER CONCORDANCE OF THE THREE DIFFERENT ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL EXAMINATIONS. RESULTS ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS HAD PERFECT AGREEMENT COMPARING MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS (FA-FB DISTANCE) AND ANB ANGLE (K=1). ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS HAD MODERATE AGREEMENT COMPARING MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS (FA-FB DISTANCE) AND WITS INDEX (K=0,57). CONCLUSIONS MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS IS SUFFICIENTLY PRECISE AND RELIABLE FOR ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS, COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF EXAMINATION, PROVIDING AN ADVANTAGE OF THE REDUCED IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE.
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Moynihan, Daniel. "A novel 3D cephalometric analysis using CBCT landmarks." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31255.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this project is to develop a novel 3D cephalometric analysis using anatomical landmarks that cannot be easily viewed on a planar film but on a CBCT image and study the reliability of these measurements between different examiners.
METHODS: Fifty CBCT images of patients with normodivergent, Class I skeletal patterns and without any noticeable craniofacial deformities were screened and included in the study based on the lateral cephalograms generated from CBCT data using the Roth/Jarabak Analysis. Fifteen predetermined landmarks that found to be reliable in another associated study were used to define six planes. Measurements were also completed on a human dry skull to confirm accuracy. Eleven different cephalometric measurements were performed by three operators three times using landmarks and planes in 3D. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and intra-class correlation coefficient for intra- and inter-examiner reliability was performed.
RESULTS: The measurements showed that the means and standard deviations of all three measurers are: for Mandibular A/P: 14.49mm ±2.26; Mandibular deviation: 1.63mm, ±1.19; Maxilla/Mandibular divergence: 24.51°, ±3.85; Maxillary deviation: 0.94mm ±0.5; Pitch (Mandibular Plane), 50.38° ±2.8; Pitch (Maxillary Plane): 74.66° ±3.53; Roll (Mandibular Plane): 87.66° ±2.38, 0.05; Roll (Maxillary Plane): 87.70° ±1.85; Yaw (Maxillary Plane): 4.41°± 2.11; Yaw (Mandibular): 3.61°± 2.43; Maxillary A/P: 2.96mm ±2.26. An interclass correlation was calculated at a range from 0.53 to 0.95.
CONCLUSIONS: The means and standard deviations of the measurements can be used as a reference to study. Amongst the operators, we indicate between moderate and excellent reliability. The highest reliability was with measurement mandibular pitch. Lowest reliability was with measurement mandibular roll.
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Deller, Cecilia Mercedes. "Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular landmarks, planes and shape, and the symphyseal changes associated with growth and orthodontic treatment." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/26374.
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OBJECTIVE: To test reliability of 3D mandibular landmarks, planes of reference and surfaces and assess their correlation to conventional 2D cephalometric measurements. To analyze changes in three-dimensional shape of the symphysis due to growth and orthodontic treatment.
METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of CBCTs of healthy orthodontic patients. 32 subjects were included, 16 males and 16 females. Mean ages of 10.6 ± 1.5 years and 15.0 ± 0.9 years before and after treatment, respectively. The mean follow up time was 4.3 years. Subjects free of any craniofacial anomalies, and no observable pathology on panoramic radiograph were. 15 subjects had CVM 1 and 17 subjects had CVM 2 before orthodontic treatment. All subjects had CVM 5 after orthodontic treatment. For the first phase, 3D mandibular landmark identifications were digitized. Planes and landmarks were constructed and compared with conventional 2D mandibular measurements. For the second phase, mandibles were isolated by removing surrounding structures. Pearson correlation and paired t-test were performed to test for correlation and differences between 2D and 3D measurements, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4. Software. MorphoJ software (Version 2.0, www.flywings.org.uk) was used for symphysis shape analysis; and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) between pre-treatment and post-treatment was used for statistical analysis of the symphysis.
RESULTS: We found statistical significant positive correlation between 2D and 3D pre-treatment ramus height (P-value =0.01), post-treatment ramus height (P-value < 0.0001), pre-treatment corpus length (P-value 0.0003), post-treatment corpus length (P-value 0.04), pre-treatment gonial angle (P-value <0.0001), and post-treatment gonial angle (P-value=0.05). Also, statistically significant differences in 2D ramus height (P=0.001), 3D ramus height (P-value=0.002), 2D corpus length (P-value <0.01), and 3D corpus length (P-value <0.01). For symphysis shape comparing between pre-treatment and post-treatment, we found that there is no statistically significant difference between them (P-value= 0.99).
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated statistically significant positive correlation between certain 2D and 3D measurements, pre-treatment and post-treatment differences in 2D and 3D measurements showed consistent results. Symphysis shapes do break out as distinctly separate groups, but the differences between the means is small.
Book chapters on the topic "3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS"
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Bholsithi, Wisarut, C. Sinthanayothin, K. Chintakanon, R. Komolpis, and W. Tharanon. "Comparison between 3D and 2D Cephalometric Analyses." In IFMBE Proceedings, 540–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69139-6_135.
Full textConference papers on the topic "3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS"
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Torres, Helena R., Pedro Morais, Anne Fritze, Bruno Oliveira, Fernando Veloso, Mario Rudiger, Jaime C. Fonseca, and Joao L. Vilaca. "3D Facial Landmark Localization for cephalometric analysis." In 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871184.
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Sanatkhani, Soroosh, and Prahlad G. Menon. "Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis Using Computed Tomographic Imaging." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88259.
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Successful outcomes from the use of orthodontic devices are underpinned on their effective anchorage and the loading that they apply to the underlying facial structures. Anchorage plays an important role in determining the point of application of the corrective forces and subsequently the orientation of the resultant of these forces, which in-turn governs the outcome of treatment. Therefore, patient-specific design of anchors and their placement may benefit significantly from personalization using patient-specific and three-dimensional (3D) cephalometry. 3D cephalometry is therefore a first step to personalization of orthodontic treatment. In this feasibility study, we demonstrate the viability a novel image processing and surface analysis pipeline to quantify facial symmetry about the mid-sagittal facial plane, which may offer insight into optimal placement and orientation for implantation of orthodontic anchors, starting with patient-specific cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Typical assessments of geometrical features/attributes of face include size, position, orientation, shape, and symmetry. Using 3D CBCT images in the DICOM image format, skull images were first segmented using a basic iso-contouring approach. To quantify symmetry, we split the skull along the mid-sagittal plane and used an iterative closest point (ICP) approach in order to rigidly co-register the left and right sides of the skull, optimizing for rotation, translation and scaling, after reflection of one half across the mid-sagittal plane. This was accomplished using an in-house plugin is developed for the open-source visualization toolkit (VTK) based 3D visualization tool, Paraview (Kitware Inc.). Finally, using a signed regional distance mapping plugin we were able to assess the regional asymmetry of regions of the skull (e.g. upper and lower jaw – specific targets for therapy) using colormaps of regional asymmetry (in terms of left-v/s-right side surface distance) and visualized the same as vector glyphs. The direction of these vectors is synonymous with anticipated regional forces required in order to achieve left-right symmetry, which in-turn may have value in surgical planning for orthodontic implantation. In sum, we demonstrate a workflow for computer-aided cephalometry to assess the symmetry of the skull, which shows promise for personalized orthodontic anchor design.
Reports on the topic "3D CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS"
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Godfrey, Bracken R. Accuracy of 3D Imaging Software in Cephalometric Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012925.
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