Journal articles: '3D body modelling'

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Arlt, Frank, and Amin Marach. "CAD modelling of a human 3D child body." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 22, no. 4-5 (November 1998): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8141(97)00086-3.

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Špelić, Ivana, and Slavenka Petrak. "Complexity of 3D human body scan data modelling." TEKSTILEC 61, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2018.61.235-244.

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Milosevic, Paula, and Slavica Bogovic. "3D technologies in individualized chest protector modelling." Textile & Leather Review 1, no. 2 (September 2018): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2018.vol1.iss2.p46-55.a6.

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The application of 3D technology increases every day by discovering new ways of usage, which can make everyday life easier. It is most used in production of individualized items that become more accessible and fully customized to personal needs. 3D technologies such as 3D scanning, 3D modelling and additive technologies (3D printing) are used in various areas of human activity such as medicine, architecture, the movie industry, etc. In the clothing’s industry, 3D scanning the human body is digitized, which is after that used in computer software packages for custom-made clothing. Except for the fashion industry, there is a need for individualized protective work clothing and equipment production in other industries as well. The possibility of applying new technologies such as 3D scanning and 3D modelling of protective elements that can be made by using 3D printers is presented in this paper. In order to design a field hockey chest protector, male and female subjects were scanned using a 3D body scanner in several different positions specific to the sport. The chest protector was constructed and modeled based on the digitalized images. Software packages were used which enable point clouds preparation of the digitalized human body for constructing the protector, its modelling and preparation of virtually designed protectors for 3D printing. An individualized chest protector is modeled using a software program called Bender. The protector is integrated into the clothing item, completely follows the body shape and provides the necessary protection.

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Gu, Bingfei, Md Kawysar Ahmed, Zejun Zhong, and Juanfeng Jin. "3D female upper body modelling based on 2D images." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2019-0042.

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Purpose With the rapid advancement of computer information technology, the traditional clothing industry has stridden towards automation and digitization that drive the growth of electronic commerce and line retailing. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach on 3D upper body modelling based on the body measurements extracted by non-contact anthropometry. Design/methodology/approach Based on the frontal and side images of the human body, the body sizes were extracted through silhouette extraction, identification of landmarks and girth prediction. The generation rules of 15 characteristic cross-sectional curves were established using a method “feature points – inserted points – feature curves – basic surface – mannequin”. The feature points of each position were determined at each curve, such as the side neck point, front neck point, shoulder point, bust point, and bust root point and so on to get the cross-sections, and then some feature points were inserted at the curves according to the widths and depths to establish the calculative models. For example, there are 18 points distributed at the bust cross-sectional curve to determine the shape. Findings The final mannequin could describe the basic characteristics of a human body, and the shape of the feature curves could also fit the body type to provide basis for the future research on automatic pattern generation. Originality/value This study can realize the 3D virtual modelling of female upper body and the automatic generation of the individualized apparel patterns based on the frontal and side images.

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Tyson, Stephen, and Joost Herweijer. "Knowledge management and 3D modelling: overview and application to iterative 3D modelling workflows." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10063.

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As 3D reservoir modeling is effectively the centre stage in many multi-disciplinary reservoir management efforts, the need for effective knowledge management is paramount to ensure: Inclusion of pre-existing knowledge is in the model, including absent (or controversial knowledge), reflected in uncertainties. A definition of a modeling process comprehensively covers the reservoirs issues identified while leading to fit for purpose results in a given imposed time span. Storage of knowledge generated and a modeling audit trail during the modeling process to ensure adequate and efficient model updates over time. Creation of a link between the integrated modeling process and the discipline processes that generate the basic data that underpin the model Current 3D modelling methods and tools allow for creation of models and storing model specific workflows (i.e. software related parameters and processing chains). In addition, various efforts are undertaken to store modelling best practice, which typically entails general know-how about creating models. During a specific 3D modelling project, however, a considerable body of knowledge is generated about what and what not makes the model work for a given reservoir. Such knowledge, which are essential for systematic uncertainty assessment during an existing modelling effort or subsequent modelling efforts, needs to be managed in order to retain its relevance. This extended abstract focuses on application of knowledge management in the EP industry, particularly on how process or workflow-based knowledge management approaches add value in the context of 3D modeling projects for multidisciplinary reservoir management.

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Markiewicz, P. J., M. Tamal, P. J. Julyan, D. L. Hastings, and A. J. Reader. "High accuracy multiple scatter modelling for 3D whole body PET." Physics in Medicine and Biology 52, no. 3 (January 16, 2007): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/52/3/021.

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Thelwell, Michael, Alice Bullas, Andreas Kühnapfel, John Hart, Peter Ahnert, Jon Wheat, Markus Loeffler, Markus Scholz, and Simon Choppin. "Modelling of human torso shape variation inferred by geometric morphometrics." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): e0265255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265255.

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Traditional body measurement techniques are commonly used to assess physical health; however, these approaches do not fully represent the complex shape of the human body. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems capture rich point cloud data that provides a representation of the surface of 3D objects and have been shown to be a potential anthropometric tool for use within health applications. Previous studies utilising 3D imaging have only assessed body shape based on combinations and relative proportions of traditional body measures, such as lengths, widths and girths. Geometric morphometrics (GM) is an established framework used for the statistical analysis of biological shape variation. These methods quantify biological shape variation after the effects of non-shape variation–location, rotation and scale–have been mathematically held constant, otherwise known as the Procrustes paradigm. The aim of this study was to determine whether shape measures, identified using geometric morphometrics, can provide additional information about the complexity of human morphology and underlying mass distribution compared to traditional body measures. Scale-invariant features of torso shape were extracted from 3D imaging data of 9,209 participants form the LIFE-Adult study. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were created to determine the extent to which variations in human torso shape are explained by existing techniques. The results of this investigation suggest that linear combinations of body measures can explain 49.92% and 47.46% of the total variation in male and female body shape features, respectively. However, there are also significant amounts of variation in human morphology which cannot be identified by current methods. These results indicate that Geometric morphometric methods can identify measures of human body shape which provide complementary information about the human body. The aim of future studies will be to investigate the utility of these measures in clinical epidemiology and the assessment of health risk.

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Rudolf, A., Z. Stjepanović, and A. Cupar. "DESIGN OF GARMENTS USING ADAPTABLE DIGITAL BODY MODELS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (October 22, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.09.

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In recent years, the 3D design software has been mostly used to improve the garment design process by generating virtual 3D garment prototypes. Many researchers have been working on the development of 3D virtual garment prototypes using 3D body models and involving the 3D human body scanning in different postures. The focus of research in this field today relies on generating a kinematic 3D body model for the purposes of developing the individualized garments, the exploration of which is presented in this paper. The discussed area is also implemented in the Erasmus+ project OptimTex - Software tools for textile creatives, which is fully aligned with the new trends propelled by the digitization of the whole textile sector. The Slovenian module focuses on presenting the needs of digitization for the development of individualized garments by using different software tools: 3D Sense, PotPlayer, Meshroom, MeshLab, Blender and OptiTex. The module provides four examples: 3D human body scanning using 3D photogrammetry, 3D human body modelling and reconstruction, construction of a kinematic 3D body model and 3D virtual prototyping of individualized smart garments, and thus displays the entire process for the needs of 3D virtual prototyping of individualized garments. In the OptimTex project, the 3D software Blender was used to demonstrate and teach students how to construct the "armature" of the human body as an object for rigging or the virtual skeleton for a 3D kinematic body model, using the knee as an example.

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Gou, J., W. Zhou, and L. Wu. "IMPLICIT THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEO-MODELLING BASED ON HRBF SURFACE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W2 (October 5, 2016): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w2-63-2016.

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Three-dimensional (3D) geological models are important representations of the results of regional geological surveys. However, the process of constructing 3D geological models from two-dimensional (2D) geological elements remains difficult and time-consuming. This paper proposes a method of migrating from 2D elements to 3D models. First, the geological interfaces were constructed using the Hermite Radial Basis Function (HRBF) to interpolate the boundaries and attitude data. Then, the subsurface geological bodies were extracted from the spatial map area using the Boolean method between the HRBF surface and the fundamental body. Finally, the top surfaces of the geological bodies were constructed by coupling the geological boundaries to digital elevation models. Based on this workflow, a prototype system was developed, and typical geological structures (e.g., folds, faults, and strata) were simulated. Geological modes were constructed through this workflow based on realistic regional geological survey data. For extended applications in 3D modelling of other kinds of geo-objects, mining ore body models and urban geotechnical engineering stratum models were constructed by this method from drill-hole data. The model construction process was rapid, and the resulting models accorded with the constraints of the original data.

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Kudzia, Pawel, Erika Jackson, and Genevieve Dumas. "Estimating body segment parameters from three-dimensional human body scans." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): e0262296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262296.

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Body segment parameters are inputs for a range of applications. Participant-specific estimates of body segment parameters are desirable as this requires fewer prior assumptions and can reduce outcome measurement errors. Commonly used methods for estimating participant-specific body segment parameters are either expensive and out of reach (medical imaging), have many underlying assumptions (geometrical modelling) or are based on a specific subset of a population (regression models). Our objective was to develop a participant-specific 3D scanning and body segmentation method that estimates body segment parameters without any assumptions about the geometry of the body, ethnic background, and gender, is low-cost, fast, and can be readily available. Using a Microsoft Kinect Version 2 camera, we developed a 3D surface scanning protocol that enabled the estimation of participant-specific body segment parameters. To evaluate our system, we performed repeated 3D scans of 21 healthy participants (10 male, 11 female). We used open source tools to segment each body scan into 16 segments (head, torso, abdomen, pelvis, left and right hand, forearm, upper arm, foot, shank and thigh) and wrote custom software to estimate each segment’s mass, mass moment of inertia in the three principal orthogonal axes relevant to the center of the segment, longitudinal length, and center of mass. We compared our body segment parameter estimates to those obtained using two comparison methods and found that our system was consistent in estimating total body volume between repeated scans (male p = 0.1194, female p = 0.2240), estimated total body mass without significant differences when compared to our comparison method and a medical scale (male p = 0.8529, female p = 0.6339), and generated consistent and comparable estimates across a range of the body segment parameters of interest. Our work here outlines and provides the code for an inexpensive 3D surface scanning method for estimating a range of participant-specific body segment parameters.

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Cofaru, Nicolae Florin, Lucian Ion Roman, Valentin Oleksik, and Adrian Pascu. "Generalized Modelling of the Stabilizer Link and Static Simulation Using FEM." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 68, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2016-0004.

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Abstract This paper proposes an organological approach of one of the components of front suspension, namely anti-roll power link. There will be realized a CAD 3D modelling of this power link. 3D modelling is generalized and there were used the powers of Catia V5R20 software. Parameterized approach provides a high flexibility in the design, meaning that dimensional and shape changes of the semi-power link are very easy to perform just by changing some parameters. Several new versions are proposed for the anti-roll power link body. At the end of the work, it is made a static analysis of the semi-power link model used in the suspension of vehicles OPEL ASTRA G, ZAFIRA, MERIVA, and constructive optimization of its body.

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Yanagi, H., and H. Chikatsu. "CAMERA CALIBRATION IN 3D MODELLING FOR UAV APPLICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (May 13, 2015): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-223-2015.

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In recent times, small types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been receiving attention in areas such as 3D modelling, maintenance engineering, and personal interest (hobby) usage. However, the payload a small type of UAV is able to carry is limited. Given these circumstances, small consumer grade digital cameras are often used for UAV photogrammetry with small types of UAV. Though, digital photogrammetry using the consumer grade cameras is enormously expected in various application fields such as UAV photogrammetry. <br><br> There is a large body of literature on camera calibration. However, the lens distortion of small consumer grade digital cameras is still an issue from the viewpoint of accuracy aspect. <br><br> The authors have been investigating camera calibration using various cameras. However, small consumer grade digital cameras, which is called as entry-cameras, have an accuracy degradation problem. The issue was addressed by conducting calibration tests using two kinds of consumer grade digital cameras, each with a resolution of 12 mega pixels. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the cause of accuracy degradation in digital photogrammetry using entry-cameras.

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Shimanovsky, Alexandr O., and Mohammed H. Abdulkader. "3D-Computer Modelling of Contact Interaction between Spherical Indenter and Elastic-Plastic Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.234.

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Computer simulation of contact interaction between a spherical indenter and soil surface was performed by the means of ANSYS software. It was assumed that the soil was deformed elastically-plastically in accordance with the model Drucker-Prager. It was carried out the analysis of the influence of the model base physical parameters on the stress-strain state of the contacting bodies. The comparison of the calculated by linear elastic model and Drucker-Prager model stresses values for the soil showed that for the case of the elastic-plastic model are three times less than for the case of the elastic model.

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Wu, S., and L. Hong. "Modelling 3D rigid-body object motion and structure estimation with HRR/GMTI measurements." IET Control Theory & Applications 1, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 1023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta:20060034.

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Wang, Shanshan, Yingjiao Xu, and Hongbo Wang. "Finite element modelling of Chinese male office workers’ necks using 3D body measurements." Journal of The Textile Institute 108, no. 5 (May 21, 2016): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2016.1186911.

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Lin, Jianwei, Huafeng Chen, Ji Gao, Ping Xu, and Fengjun Hu. "Body scanning oriented 3D object modelling method based on multi-view depth camera." International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation 11, no. 2 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2019.10023264.

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Xu, Ping, Fengjun Hu, Ji Gao, Jianwei Lin, and Huafeng Chen. "Body scanning oriented 3D object modelling method based on multi-view depth camera." International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation 11, no. 2 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2019.101682.

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Wardziak, Thomas, Laurent Oxarango, Sébastien Valette, Laurent Mahieu-Williame, and Pierre Joly. "Modelling skin surface areas involved in water transfer in the Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0017.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based 3D reconstructions were used to derive accurate quantitative data on body volume and functional skin surface areas involved in water transfer in the Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus (Razoumovsky, 1789)). Body surface area can be functionally divided into evaporative surface area that interacts with the atmosphere and controls the transepidermal evaporative water loss (TEWL); ventral surface area in contact with the substratum that controls transepidermal water absorption (TWA); and skin surface area in contact with other skin surfaces when amphibians adopt water-conserving postures. We generated 3D geometries of the newts via volume-rendering by a “segmentation” process carried out using a graph-cuts algorithm and a Web-based interface. The geometries reproduced the two postures adopted by the newts, i.e., an I-shaped posture characterized by a straight body without tail coiling and an S-shaped posture where the body is huddled up with the tail coiling along it. As a guide to the quality of the surface area estimations, we compared measurements of TEWL rates between living newts and their agar replicas (reproducing their two postures) at 20 °C and 60% relative humidity. Whereas the newts did not show any physiological adaptations to restrain evaporation, they expressed an efficient S-shaped posture with a resulting water economy of 22.9%, which is very close to the 23.6% reduction in evaporative surface area measured using 3D analysis.

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Šefara, Ján, Miroslav Bielik, Jozef Vozár, Martin Katona, Viktória Szalaiová, Anna Vozárová, Barbora Šimonová, Jaroslava Pánisová, Sabine Schmidt, and Hans-Jürgen Götze. "3D density modelling of Gemeric granites of the Western Carpathians." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0014.

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Abstract The position of the Gemeric Superunit within the Western Carpathians is unique due to the occurrence of the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks together with the autochthonous Upper Palaeozoic cover. The Gemeric granites play one of the most important roles in the framework of the tectonic evolution of this mountain range. They can be observed in several small intrusions outcropping in the western and south-eastern parts of the Gemeric Superunit. Moreover, these granites are particularly interesting in terms of their mineralogy, petrology and ages. The comprehensive geological and geophysical research of the Gemeric granites can help us to better understand structures and tectonic evolution of the Western Carpathians. Therefore, a new and original 3D density model of the Gemeric granites was created by using the interactive geophysical program IGMAS. The results show clearly that the Gemeric granites represent the most significant upper crustal anomalous low-density body in the structure of the Gemeric Superunit. Their average thickness varies in the range of 5–8 km. The upper boundary of the Gemeric granites is much more rugged in comparison with the lower boundary. There are areas, where the granite body outcrops and/or is very close to the surface and places in which its upper boundary is deeper (on average 1 km in the north and 4–5 km in the south). While the depth of the lower boundary varies from 5–7 km in the north to 9–10 km in the south. The northern boundary of the Gemeric granites along the tectonic contact with the Rakovec and Klátov Groups (North Gemeric Units) was interpreted as very steep (almost vertical). The results of the 3D modelling show that the whole structure of the Gemeric Unit, not only the Gemeric granite itself, has an Alpine north-vergent nappe structure. Also, the model suggests that the Silicicum–Turnaicum and Meliaticum nappe units have been overthrusted onto the Golčatov Group.

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Spitzer, K., and H. J. Kümpel. "3D FD resistivity modelling and sensitivity analyses applied to a highly resistive phonolitic body." Geophysical Prospecting 45, no. 6 (November 1997): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.1997.710306.x.

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Chen, X., M. Chen, Z. Wei, and R. Zhong. "MODELING MAIN BODY OF OVERCROSSING BRIDGE BASED ON VEHICLE-BORNE LASER SCANNING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-699-2017.

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Vehicle-borne laser scanning (VBLS) is widely used to collect urban data for various mapping and modelling systems. This paper proposes a strategy of feature extraction and 3d model reconstruction for main body of overcrossing bridges based on VBLS point clouds. As the bridges usually have a large span, and the clouds data is often affected by obstacles, we have to use round-trip cloud data to avoid missing part. To begin with, pick out the cloud of the bridge body by an interactive clip-box, and group points by scan-line, then sort the points by scanning angle on each scan line. Since the position under the vehicle have a fixed scan-angle, a virtual path can be obtained. Secondly, extract horizontal line segments perpendicular to the virtual path along adjacent scan-lines, and then cluster line segments into long line-strings, which represent the top and bottom edge. Finally, regularize the line-strings and build 3d surface model of the bridge body. Experimental studies have demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy in case of building bridge model. Modelling the stairs at the both end of the bridge will be the direction of the next step.

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Iatcheva, Ilona, Malina Dimitrova, and Nikolina Petkova. "3D modelling of electric field in vicinity of 400 kV power line." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 1545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2017-0381.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to model the electric field distribution in 3D in the vicinity of 400 kV power line to determine the field impact on the environment and on the human body depending on the person location and presence of other objects. Design/methodology/approach The real 3D geometry of the three-phase line because of the line sag presence and existence of additional objects in its vicinity is considered. The time-harmonic electric field has been modeled, taking into account 1,200 phase shifting between the three-phase, 50 Hz currents. The study has been carried out using the finite element method (FEM) and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 software package. Special attention was paid to the field at a height of 2 m from the ground, to estimate the field influence on the located human body in the studied area (in relation to the limits for permissible electric field values). Findings 3D map of electric field in the line vicinity and the electric field strength distribution along the observation surface (2 m from the ground) are determined for several region configurations: without additional objects, human presence just under the line, human at a certain distance from the line and presence of human and a tree. The simulation model was validated on the basis of comparison with computed and experimental data presented in the literature. Originality/value 3D FEM modeling makes it possible to consider the real environment configuration, presence of line sag and additional objects with different material properties and obtaining of field quantities at any point of observation.

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Sinthanayothin, Chanjira, Wisarut Bholsithi, Duangrat Gansawat, Nonlapas Wongwaen, Piyanut Xuto, Nantaporn Ratisoontorn, Parut Bunporn, and Supiya Charoensiriwath. "Simulation of three-dimensional female body shapes with proportional representation for various weights and heights." SIMULATION 96, no. 11 (August 10, 2020): 851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720944466.

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Obesity is a significant factor in health information and increases the risk of health problems. Hence, an application that can help users to monitor their body mass index (BMI) timelines is needed. The simulation of a personalized 3D body shape may encourage women to control their BMI for a healthy body and pleasant appearance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop computerized 3D models of female shapes for various weights and heights, and consists of three important parts. First, the preparation of six avatars is described. Second, the body proportions of 6767 female datasets are analyzed to find the relationship of variables in various weights and heights. Last, 3D morphing of different female shapes is developed and analyzed experimentally for appropriate morphing parameters. Accuracy tests are carried out in three ways. First, body proportions calculated using the Z-Size Ladies application, called “Z-Size calculations,” are compared with the body proportions of data obtained from 3D scanners. Second, the Z-Size calculations are compared with tape measurements. Last, the Z-Size calculations are compared with measurements of Z-Size 3D morph models. The results of accuracy tests are shown as the relationship graphs between the BMI and body proportion measurements of chest, waist, hip, and inseam. Bland–Altman plots and Pearson correlation calculation show high correlation. In conclusion, the data obtained from the Z-Size calculations, 3D Scanner, tape measurements, and Z-Size morph models’ measurements are in good agreement and are highly correlated. The simulation of 3D female shapes for different weights and heights as proposed shows good performance and high accuracy.

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Cichocka, Agnieszka, and Pascal Bruniaux. "Comparison of Traditional 2D and Virtual Patterns Design in 3D." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 5 (September 20, 2009): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0542.

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This paper presents a garment pattern generation process and modelling of virtual garment design method in 3D. This work characterize our global project on virtual clothing design contains of the conception of virtual adaptive mannequin, and also of the creation and modelling of garment in 3D. According to the ideas of mass customization and e-commerce, as well the need of numerical innovations in garment industry we employ our model of virtual garment and methodology enabling to conceive the virtual clothing directly on a mannequin morphotype in 3D. This method gives us possibility to create a perfect garment and taking into account all peculiarities of human body. In 2D method we made two patterns: left and right side separately to obtain best result and to get possibility to compare two cases: when symmetric pattern is used and when we use pattern consisted of two parts specially made for each side of the body. In the present context we use the example of a basic women's shirt: bodice and sleeve. We used the method of making pattern employed in Russia compared with French method. Finally the superposition of virtual and real pattern was done in order to visualise the right results.

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Khai Ching Ng, Wei Chian Low, and Hoon Kiat Ng. "Verification of Lattice Spring Model for Modelling Composite Material." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 97, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.97.1.16.

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The use of lattice spring model (LSM) in modelling composite material is verified using static and dynamic loading test cases. The LSM results are compared against those from finite element method (FEM) implemented in ANSYS. Simple cubic (SC) lattice structure is employed in the LSM to model 3D solid body deformation. The material symmetry used to model composite material is orthotropic. In the current preliminary study, good agreement is found between the LSM and FEM results.

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Sun, Xi Ying. "Three-Dimensional Line Frame Model Design and Realization of a Human Body for Clothing." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1409.

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The characteristic of human body shape is said specific body shape and structure characteristic of the way, it determines the method of different parts of the human body modelling. In this paper, the line frame model is proposed to set up the human body model, so it is according to one of several major parts of the cross section and longitudinal section contour line combination instead of mannequin, on the computer with three times bezier curve to approximate fitting body shape of line frame model, to realize the 2D pattern model to the 3D model transformation.

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Peratta, Cristina, Andres Peratta, and Dragan Poljak. "BEM Modelling of High Voltage ELF electric field applied to a 3D pregnant woman model." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 6, no. 1 (March 21, 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v6i1.196.

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The paper introduces a three dimensional multidomainboundary element model of a pregnant woman and foetus for the analysis of exposure to high voltage extremely low frequency electric fields. The definition of the differentphysical and geometrical properties of the relevant tissues is established according to medical information available in existing literature. The model takes into account changes in geometry, body mass, body fat, and overall chemical composition in the body which influence the electrical properties, throughout the different gestational periods. The developed model is used to solve the case of exposure to overhead power transmission lines at different stages of pregnancy including weeks 8, 13, 26 and 38. The results obtained are in line with those published in the earlier works considering different approaches. In addition, a sensitivity analysis involving varying scenarios of conductivity, foetus postures and geometry for each stage is defined and solved. Finally, a correlation between the externally applied electric field and the current density inside the foetus is established and the zones of maximum exposure are identified.

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Goncharenko, Igor, Katsuaki Takashiba, Masaaki Mochimaru, Makiko Kouchi, Satoko Usui, and Masakazu Odahara. "Low-parametric control of human body shape modelling via the web using 3D scan data." International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation 3, no. 2 (2012): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhfms.2012.051096.

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Viziteu, D. R., A. Curteza, and M. L. Avadanei. "VIRTUAL 3D KINEMATIC HUMAN MODEL PROTOTYPE." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (September 22, 2021): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.35.

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In the past several years, the application of 3D technologies in the textile and clothing design industry has considerably increased and become more accessible to designers and patternmakers. With digitisation in garment engineering and virtual prototype and modelling techniques becoming more mainstream, a new generation of virtual human models starts to develop to fulfil the demand for protective and functional products designed for specific athletes, such as climbers and mountaineers. We must base our work on an improved understanding of the behaviour of the musculoskeletal system to develop garment patterns that minimise discomfort and improve performance under dynamic body deformations and muscle contractions associated with specific movements. For this study, we explored the possibilities of using existing software packages for virtual prototyping based on human kinematic models for functional clothing.

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Morcioni, Andrea, Tiziana Apuani, and Francesco Cecinato. "Piuro Landslide: 3D Hydromechanical Numerical Modelling of the 1618 Event." Geosciences 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020049.

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The Piuro 1618 landslide represents a well-known case history of a large Alpine landslide. It destroyed the ancient village of Piuro (Italian Bregaglia Valley), renowned as an important trading center between the Mediterranean region and Northern Europe. The event had a significant impact among communities of all Alpine regions and was well documented by chronicles and paintings during subsequent decades. However, some aspects, such as the geometry reconstruction of the landslide body, the location of the landslide scarp, and its dynamics, remained undefined in previous studies, and a geomechanical characterization of the failure area is completely missing. Using field and laboratory analysis followed by stress–strain numerical modelling, this work develops a 3D conceptual geomechanical model of the slope considering its complex geological framework. The aim is to back-analyze the 1618 event, defining predisposing and triggering factors of the sliding event, and providing verifications on the geometry and location of the failure scar, as well as on the landslide dynamics. A coupled hydro-mechanical analysis with a 3D numerical approach is presented, assuming a rainfall scenario as a possible triggering factor. Simulated displacement and the development of a deep region of shear strain localization at a depth roughly corresponding to that of the detected Piuro sliding surface, allow us to highlight the mechanical role of geological elements outcropping along the slope and to validate the proposed scenario as a likely triggering factor for the 1618 event.

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Pogudalina, Svetlana V., Natalya N. Fedorova, and Svetlana A. Valger. "Comparison of RANS and scale-resolving approaches when modelling the turbulent flow behind a bluff body." EPJ Web of Conferences 196 (2019): 00036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919600036.

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In this paper, the results of a numerical simulation of the air flow in the vicinity of a parallelepiped fixed on a plate are presented. The 3D calculations were performed with the ANSYS Fluent software using scale-resolving DES approach. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data and with the results of the previous numerical calculation.

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Viziteu, Diana-Roxana, and Antonela Curteza. "3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILE AND FASHION INDUSTRY." Fashion Industry, no. 3 (January 14, 2021): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2020.3.2.

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The extraordinary thing about the application of 3D printing technology is that it can be used to create accessible items customized to personal needs. In the fashion industry, there is a need for individualized protective equipment. The possibility of applying new technologies such as 3D modelling of protective elements that can be made by using 3D printers is presented in this paper. 3D modelling and additive technologies (3D printing) can be used in the development of protective work clothing. The fabrication process only requires the digital fi le with the 3D model and the right material - we chose to use thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).The design samples were constructed and modelled using a software program called Rhinoceros. The samples can be integrated into the clothing item, in order to follow the body shape and to provide the necessary protection. Purpose. This paper aims to explore the applicability of 3D printing materials using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for the development of protective gear. Scientifi c novelty. In the fashion industry, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been used by designers and engineers to create everything from accessories to clothing, but only a few studies have investigated its applicability in personal protective equipment. Practical value. One of the most signifi cant technologies of the fourth industrial revolution is 3D printing. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing are the subject of intensive research and development (methods, materials, new techniques, application areas, etc.). The purpose of this study is to develop 3D printing samples and study conditions related to TPU.

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Neumann, Wladimir. "Towards 3D modelling of convection in planetesimals and meteorite parent bodies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 490, no. 1 (October 3, 2019): L47—L51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slz147.

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ABSTRACT Observations of asteroid belt members, investigations of meteorites and thermal evolution models converge on the paradigm of the ubiquity of melting processes in the planetesimals of the early Solar system. At least partial melting of planetesimals that fulfilled size and accretion time requirements to surpass the solidus temperatures of metal and silicates led to the weakening of the rock due to the interstitial melt. A decrease of the viscosity relative to melt-free material facilitates solid-state convection on partially molten bodies. Additional melting can produce liquid-like layers with suspended particles, i.e. magma oceans. Thermal evolution models indicate that partially molten layers can occur in the interior of undifferentiated bodies and in silicate mantles of differentiated ones. They can exist before a magma ocean forms or after it solidifies and above a whole-mantle magma ocean or below a shallow magma ocean. Thus, convection is likely. Attempts to model and to quantify the effects of convection in planetesimals remain rare. This study discusses the possibility of solid-state convection in partially molten planetesimals, presents a first-order comparison of a 3D mantle convection model with a conduction model taking a Vesta-sized body as an example and illustrates the importance of convection for meteorite parent bodies.

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Hill, Evelyn June, Nicholas H. S. Oliver, James S. Cleverley, Michael J. Nugus, John Carswell, and Fraser Clark. "Characterisation and 3D modelling of a nuggety, vein-hosted gold ore body, Sunrise Dam, Western Australia." Journal of Structural Geology 67 (October 2014): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2013.10.013.

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Stanciu, Alexandru Lucian, Nicoleta Pascu, Constantin Dogariu, and Cristina Mohora. "Researches regarding scale reduced models for the optimisation of the aerodynamic coefficient." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929004011.

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Within the lifecycle of the product, the reduced models are very important for the experimental validation of the prototype. The modelling, simulation and optimization stage precedes the prototype realization, being part of the computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE). The physical model is a physical layout or test setup that reproduces, on a small scale, the features of the original system, in our case the vehicle body layout. The paper presents an automobile reduced model, with the aim to study the aerodynamic theory. The paper presents the algorithms of conceptual design of the scale reduced model, namely: 3D modelling, small scale modelling technology and geometric shape optimization solutions using different CAD-CAE programs.

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Lien, F. S., and M. A. Leschziner. "Computational modelling of separated flow around a streamlined body at high incidence." Aeronautical Journal 101, no. 1006 (July 1997): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000066306.

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AbstractA computational study has been undertaken of 3D vortical separation from the curved surface of a prolate spheroid at high angle of attack (10° and 30°). Attention focuses on the predictive capabilities of a new variant of non-linear, low Re eddy-viscosity model and full second-moment closure, the latter coupled to a low Re k-ε Boussinesq-viscosity model which is applied to the semi-viscous near-wall region. The study demonstrates that both anisotropy-resolving formulations return very similar predictive performance which is in several respects superior to that achieved with the k-ε model based on the linear stress-strain relations. At the higher incidence angle, transition is free, and this is the source of considerable uncertainty in respect of the sensitivity of the predicted leeward flow to the location of transition. While none of the models is fundamentally capable of capturing natural transition, the ability of the non-linear model to suppress turbulence generation by irrotational straining at the windward impingement region, thereby preventing (bypass) transition by diffusion of turbulence from the freestream to the laminar boundary layer, is exploited to demonstrate that the sensitivity of the separated leeward flow to the location of transition is weak.

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Pryce, John D., and Nedialko Nedialkov. "Another Multibody Dynamics in Natural Coordinates through Automatic Differentiation and High-Index DAE Solving." Acta Cybernetica 24, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 315–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.4.

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The Natural Coordinates (NCs) method for Lagrangian modelling and simulation of multi-body systems is valued for giving simple, sparse models. We describe our version of it (NPNCs) and compare with the classical ap- proach of Jalón and Bayo (JBNCs). NPNCs use the high-index differential- algebraic equation solver DAETS. Algorithmic differentiation, not symbolic algebra, forms the equations of motion from the Lagrangian. NPNCs give significantly smaller equation systems than JBNCs, at the cost of a non- constant mass matrix for fully 3D models—a minor downside in the DAETS context. A 2D and a 3D example are presented, with numerical results.

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Liu, Yang. "3D Garment Real-Time Simulation in Character Animation." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.753.

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In this paper, a framework of 3D Real-time Garment Simulation System for character animation is presented .For the problem of computational efficiency and stability for cloth physical modeling, we proposed a cloth mass-spring model based on constraint. Take geometry sphere and cylinder as example to explaining the whole strategy which used to dealing with cloth deformable bodies colliding with environment object. We described the procedure of physically based simulation, and illustrated the result and analysis of the experiment. By using the technique of parameterized human body modelling, virtual try-on was realized with the different shape of virtual character. Finally, integrating the techniques of character animation, physically based cloth simulation and non-precise deformable object collision handling, we create the real-time simulation animation of virtual character.

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Pribil, Jiri, Anna Pribilová, and Ivan Frollo. "Influence of the Human Body Mass in the Open-air MRI on Acoustic Noise Spectrum." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i3.305.

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The paper analyses changes in spectral properties of the acoustic noise when the examined person lies in the scanning area of the open-air magnetic resonance imager (MRI) and consequently the holder of the lower gradient coils is loaded with the mechanical mass represented by the person’s weight. The acoustic noise pressure level is mapped in the MRI neighborhood, too. Obtained results of spectral analysis will be used for design of a correction filter to suppress the noise in the simultaneously recorded speech signal for 3D modelling of the human vocal tract.

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OLARU, SABINA, GEORGETA POPESCU, ANCA ANASTASIU, GABRIEL MIHAILA, and ADRIAN SALISTEAN. "Innovative concept for personalized pattern design of safety equipment." Industria Textila 71, no. 01 (February 27, 2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.01.1620.

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The competitive pressure of globalization is causing textile and garment manufacturers to lower production costs,increase their efficiency and to create leaner value-adding processes. To be able to cope with these changes, measuresmust be implemented, including the improvement of the internal organization, and the establishment of co-operationswith external organizations to create a continuous supply-demand network.The current paper presents the innovative concept for personalized pattern design of safety equipment applied withinSC MATEI CONF GRUP SRL, highlighting the importance of personalization and its competitive advantages, from theidea to the prototype or product and testing it.The research implementation used 3D body scanning for analysis and determination of anthropometric measurementsand conformation, 3D CAD technology for automatic rapid design of patterns in Made to Measure system, modelling andsimulation of product in the virtual environment on customized mannequin highlighting the body-productcorrespondence.

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Mirakhorlo, Mojtaba, Nick Kluft, Raj Desai, Marko Cvetković, Tugrul Irmak, Barys Shyrokau, and Riender Happee. "Simulating 3D Human Postural Stabilization in Vibration and Dynamic Driving." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136657.

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In future automated vehicles we will often engage in non-driving tasks and will not watch the road. This will affect postural stabilization and may elicit discomfort or even motion sickness in dynamic driving. Future vehicles will accommodate this with properly designed seats and interiors, whereas comfortable vehicle motion will be achieved with smooth driving styles and well-designed (active) suspensions. To support research and development in dynamic comfort, this paper presents the validation of a multi-segment full-body human model, including visuo-vestibular and muscle spindle feedback, for postural stabilization. Dynamic driving is evaluated using a “sickening drive”, including a 0.2 Hz 4 m/s2 slalom. Vibration transmission is evaluated with compliant automotive seats, applying 3D platform motion and evaluating 3D translation and rotation of pelvis, trunk and head. The model matches human motion in dynamic driving and reproduces fore–aft, lateral and vertical oscillations. Visuo-vestibular and muscle spindle feedback are shown to be essential, in particular, for head–neck stabilization. Active leg muscle control at the hips and knees is shown to be essential to stabilize the trunk in the high-amplitude slalom condition but not with low-amplitude horizontal vibrations. However, active leg muscle control can strongly affect 4–6 Hz vertical vibration transmission. Compared to the vibration tests, the dynamic driving tests show enlarged postural control gains to minimize trunk and head roll and pitch and to align head yaw with driving direction. Human modelling can enable the insights required to achieve breakthrough comfort enhancements, while enabling efficient developments for a wide range of driving conditions, body sizes and other factors. Hence, modelling human postural control can accelerate the innovation of seats and vehicle motion-control strategies for (automated) vehicles.

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Ozkadif, S., E. Eken, MO Dayan, and K. Besoluk. "Determination of sex-related differences based on 3D reconstruction of the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) vertebral column from MDCT scans." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 4 (April 10, 2017): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/19/2015-vetmed.

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This study was undertaken to obtain and analyse, on the basis of sex, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions obtained by a 3D computer program from two-dimensional (2D) vertebral column sections taken by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images, in the chinchilla. A total of 16 adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) of both sexes were used. The MDCT images were taken under general anaesthesia, and were then transferred to a personal computer on which 3D reconstructions were carried out using a 3D modelling program (Mimics 13.1). The volume, surface area and vertebral body length of each vertebra (except caudal region) forming the vertebral column were measured from the 3D models created. The ratios (in percentage) of the measurements of each vertebra (except the sacral ones) forming the vertebral column region (cervical part, thoracic part, lumbar part) were determined for statistical analysis. We detected significant differences (P < 0.05) between sexes in all vertebrae forming the vertebral column of the chinchilla with respect to volume, surface area and vertebral body length, except for C6 and L1. This study is the first to carry out 3D reconstructions of data obtained from CT images in the chinchilla and the obtained results contribute to a more detailed understanding of the anatomy of this species. Our strategy may also be useful for the design of experiments exploring the vertebral column in domestic mammals and humans.

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Alexander, R. McN. "Modelling approaches in biomechanics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1437 (August 6, 2003): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1336.

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Conceptual, physical and mathematical models have all proved useful in biomechanics. Conceptual models, which have been used only occasionally, clarify a point without having to be constructed physically or analysed mathematically. Some physical models are designed to demonstrate a proposed mechanism, for example the folding mechanisms of insect wings. Others have been used to check the conclusions of mathematical modelling. However, others facilitate observations that would be difficult to make on real organisms, for example on the flow of air around the wings of small insects. Mathematical models have been used more often than physical ones. Some of them are predictive, designed for example to calculate the effects of anatomical changes on jumping performance, or the pattern of flow in a 3D assembly of semicircular canals. Others seek an optimum, for example the best possible technique for a high jump. A few have been used in inverse optimization studies, which search for variables that are optimized by observed patterns of behaviour. Mathematical models range from the extreme simplicity of some models of walking and running, to the complexity of models that represent numerous body segments and muscles, or elaborate bone shapes. The simpler the model, the clearer it is which of its features is essential to the calculated effect.

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Cuellar, Juan Sebastian, Gerwin Smit, Amir A. Zadpoor, and Paul Breedveld. "Ten guidelines for the design of non-assembly mechanisms: The case of 3D-printed prosthetic hands." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 9 (August 16, 2018): 962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918794734.

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In developing countries, prosthetic workshops are limited, difficult to reach, or even non-existent. Especially, fabrication of active, multi-articulated, and personalized hand prosthetic devices is often seen as a time-consuming and demanding process. An active prosthetic hand made through the fused deposition modelling technology and fully assembled right after the end of the 3D printing process will increase accessibility of prosthetic devices by reducing or bypassing the current manufacturing and post-processing steps. In this study, an approach for producing active hand prosthesis that could be fabricated fully assembled by fused deposition modelling technology is developed. By presenting a successful case of non-assembly 3D printing, this article defines a list of design considerations that should be followed in order to achieve fully functional non-assembly devices. Ten design considerations for additive manufacturing of non-assembly mechanisms have been proposed and a design case has been successfully addressed resulting in a fully functional prosthetic hand. The hand prosthesis can be 3D printed with an inexpensive fused deposition modelling machine and is capable of performing different types of grasping. The activation force required to start a pinch grasp, the energy required for closing, and the overall mass are significantly lower than body-powered commercial prosthetic hands. The results suggest that this non-assembly design may be a good alternative for amputees in developing countries.

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Christiansen, Fredrik, Mariano Sironi, Michael J. Moore, Matías Di Martino, Marcos Ricciardi, Hunter A. Warick, Duncan J. Irschick, Robert Gutierrez, and Marcela M. Uhart. "Estimating body mass of free‐living whales using aerial photogrammetry and 3D volumetrics." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 12 (October 2019): 2034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13298.

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Ward, Leigh C., Jonathan C. K. Wells, Jaz Lyons-Reid, and Mya T. Tint. "Individualized body geometry correction factor (K _B) for use when predicting body composition from bioimpedance spectroscopy." Physiological Measurement 43, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 035006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac5e83.

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Abstract Objective. Prediction of body composition from bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurements using mixture theory-based biophysical modelling invokes a factor (K B) to account for differing body geometry (or proportions) between individuals. To date, a single constant value is commonly used. The aim of this study was to investigate variation in K B across individuals and to develop a procedure for estimating an individualized K B value. Approach. Publicly available body dimension data, primarily from the garment industry, were used to calculate K B values for individuals of varying body sizes across the life-span. The 3D surface relationship between weight, height and K B, was determined and used to create look-up tables to enable estimation of K B in individuals based on height and weight. The utility of the proposed method was assessed by comparing fat-free mass predictions from BIS using either a constant K B value or the individualized value. Results. Computed K B values were well fitted to height and weight by a 3D surface (R 2 = 0.988). Body composition was predicted more accurately compared to reference methods when using individualized K B than a constant value in infants and children but improvement in prediction was less in adults particularly those with high body mass index. Significance. Prediction of body composition from BIS and mixture theory is improved by using an individualized body proportion factor in those of small body habitus, e.g. children. Improvement is small in adults or non-existent in those of large body size. Further improvements may be possible by incorporating a factor to account for trunk size, i.e. waist circumference.

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Pistellato, Davide, Richard Murphy, Atefeh Sansoleimani, Valeria Bianchi, and Joan Esterle. "Virtual and classical Precipice Sandstone outcrops mapping for reservoir modelling." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15109.

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The Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone is an important hydrocarbon and water reservoir in the Surat Basin. It is the basal infill of the Surat Basin, commonly considered an intracratonic sag basin, although the triggering mechanism for subsidence remains unresolved. Its interpreted origin is a fluviatile system that formed a thick belt of sandstone that corresponds to the Mimosa Syncline structural axis. The Precipice Sandstone outcrops along the northern margin of the basin forming laterally continuous cliffs. This provides good conditions for 2D and 3D photogrammetry and classical analysis of sedimentary architectures, bedding and facies. Photogrammetry is a measurement technique that builds 3D photorealistic virtual models in which every pixel on the image corresponds to a real 3D point in georeferenced space. This was used to measure surfaces, correlate stratigraphy, and to measure bed and body geometries for export to a reservoir modelling system, providing a bridge between the subsurface drilling data and the outcrop analogue. The field survey mapped the lower Precipice, defined by the predominance of southeast-flowing planar and trough cross stratified sandstone (the braided stream facies), and upper Precipice, defined by a predominance of heterolithic, ripple and plane parallel stratification and slumps that transition upward into the Evergreen Formation mud-dominated unit. Sedimentary structures in outcrop suggest a northward flow on the eastern margin of the outcrop for the upper Precipice. The basin asymmetry, coincident with a major, meridional-trending fault system—the Goondiwindi-Moonie-Burunga system—and changes in upper and lower unit thickness suggest some syn-depositional control on the sedimentary architecture.

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Huson, David, and Stephen Hoskins. "3D Printed Ceramics for Tableware, Artists/Designers and Specialist Applications." Key Engineering Materials 608 (April 2014): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.608.351.

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The Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England has over five years experience in the 3D printing of ceramic materials. The first project undertaken was to investigate the use of 3D technologies for artists and resulted in the development of a patented ceramic body suitable for use in Z Corporation 3D printers. After bisque firing this material can be further processed using conventional glazing and decorating techniques. A follow on project has resulted in a modified ceramic body and the development of firing supports to enable thin section ceramic tableware to be produced for ceramic industry concept modelling and short run or one-off pieces for artists and designers. This paper will detail the progress of the research and will explain by using case studies and examples of collaboration with a leading UK pottery manufacturer, individual artists and designers how this novel technique can be utilised to form shapes and forms difficult or impossible to realise by conventional forming methods. The potential of how the ability to form ceramic objects with complex internal structures could be beneficial to more specialist ceramics industries will also be explored.

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Ghorbani, Saeed, Kimia Mahdaviani, Anne Thaler, Konrad Kording, Douglas James Cook, Gunnar Blohm, and Nikolaus F. Troje. "MoVi: A large multi-purpose human motion and video dataset." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): e0253157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253157.

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Large high-quality datasets of human body shape and kinematics lay the foundation for modelling and simulation approaches in computer vision, computer graphics, and biomechanics. Creating datasets that combine naturalistic recordings with high-accuracy data about ground truth body shape and pose is challenging because different motion recording systems are either optimized for one or the other. We address this issue in our dataset by using different hardware systems to record partially overlapping information and synchronized data that lend themselves to transfer learning. This multimodal dataset contains 9 hours of optical motion capture data, 17 hours of video data from 4 different points of view recorded by stationary and hand-held cameras, and 6.6 hours of inertial measurement units data recorded from 60 female and 30 male actors performing a collection of 21 everyday actions and sports movements. The processed motion capture data is also available as realistic 3D human meshes. We anticipate use of this dataset for research on human pose estimation, action recognition, motion modelling, gait analysis, and body shape reconstruction.

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Cao, Jingxuan. "Three-dimensional fine model construction of instability in dangerous rock masses." E3S Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235801002.

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Rock collapse is a common geological hazard in mountainous areas, and the prediction of the stability of dangerous rocks has always been a difficult problem in engineering practice. In this paper, a dangerous rock body in Ritu, Tibet, was scanned and measured using UAV tilt photography and 3D laser scanning technology, and the high-precision data collected by the UAV were processed and constructed into a 3D fine model, and the movement state of the dangerous rock body when it is destabilised was numerically simulated using Unity3D. In order to verify the simulation effect, a field test was conducted on a slope around Lhasa and the field test results were fitted to the numerical simulation results. By comparing the data obtained, the 3D modelling data of the high and steep slope collected by the UAV was more refined and the model was more complete than that collected by the 3D laser. Comparing the field test results with the numerical simulation results, the fit between the two is good, indicating the feasibility of using the model data obtained by UAV tilt photography for hazardous rock investigation, which provides an important reference value for future investigations of hazardous rock on high and steep slopes.

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Journal articles on the topic '3D body modelling'

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