Journal articles on the topic '3D aquifer modelling'
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De Paoli, Caroline, Thierry Duren, Estelle Petitclerc, Mathieu Agniel, and Alain Dassargues. "Modelling Interactions between Three Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) Systems in Brussels (Belgium)." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052934.
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Shallow open-loop geothermal systems function by creating heat and cold reserves in an aquifer, via doublets of pumping and reinjection wells. Three adjacent buildings in the center of Brussels have adopted this type of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system. Two of them exploit the same aquifer consisting of Cenozoic sands, and started operation in 2014 and 2017, respectively. A previous hydrogeological model developed by Bulté et al. (2021) has shown how the thermal imbalance of one of the systems jeopardizes the thermal state of this upper aquifer. Here, the interactions with a more recent third ATES system located in the deep aquifer of the Palaeozoic bedrock are studied and modelled. After being calibrated on groundwater flow conditions in both aquifers, a 3D hydrogeological model was used to simulate the cumulative effect of the three geothermal installations in the two exploited aquifers. The results of the simulations showed that although the hydraulic interactions between the two aquifers are very weak (as shown by the different observed potentiometric heads), heat exchanges occur between the two aquifers through the aquitard. Fortunately, these heat exchanges are not sufficient to have a significant impact on the efficiency of the individual geothermal systems. Additionally, this study shows clearly that adding a third system in the lower aquifer with a mean power of 286 kW for heating between October and March and an equivalent mean cooling power between April and September is efficient.
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Subedi, B., T. Kitaoka, and J. Kiyono. "3D stratigraphic modelling of the Bangkok basin using Kriging on borehole data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012014.
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Abstract The Lower Central Plain of Thailand has a deep and highly irregular basement filled with complex layers of alluvial sandy soil and deltaic clay or silt. The Bangkok Metropolitan region with its high level of infrastructure development is located in this plain. With high population density, the problem of land subsidence is critical. This study uses borehole data and the Kriging method to interpolate the data. A detailed 3D stratigraphic model of the basin is presented and several cross sections along two directions. Seventeen layers and the points used for modelling each layer are presented. The model shows eight aquifers in the Bangkok basin, lying between eight layers of clay, and a bottom layer above the basement. The bottom of the lowest aquifer of the Bangkok aquifer system is 610 m deep. The basement extends down to a depth of more than 2000 m in some places. Our 3D model, which extends to the basement, is of interest for mining and site-specific seismic risk analysis. Moreover, our results can be very useful for groundwater and land subsidence studies.
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Preziosi, Elisabetta, Nicolas Guyennon, Anna Bruna Petrangeli, Emanuele Romano, and Cristina Di Salvo. "A Stepwise Modelling Approach to Identifying Structural Features That Control Groundwater Flow in a Folded Carbonate Aquifer System." Water 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162475.
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This paper concerns a stepwise modelling procedure for groundwater flow simulation in a folded and faulted, multilayer carbonate aquifer, which constitutes a source of good quality water for human consumption in the Apennine Range in Central Italy. A perennial river acts as the main natural drain for groundwater while sustaining valuable water-related ecosystems. The spatial distribution of recharge was estimated using the Thornthwaite–Mather method on 60 years of climate data. The system was conceptualized as three main aquifers separated by two locally discontinuous aquitards. Three numerical models were implemented by gradually adding complexity to the model grid: single layer (2D), three layers (quasi-3D) and five layers (fully 3D), using an equivalent porous medium approach, in order to find the best solution with a parsimonious model setting. To overcome dry-cell problems in the fully 3D model, the Newton–Raphson formulation for MODFLOW-2005 was invoked. The calibration results show that a fully 3D model was required to match the observed distribution of aquifer outflow to the river baseflow. The numerical model demonstrated the major impact of folded and faulted geological structures on controlling the flow dynamics in terms of flow direction, water heads and the spatial distribution of the outflows to the river and springs.
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Bonì, Roberta, Claudia Meisina, Pietro Teatini, Francesco Zucca, Claudia Zoccarato, Andrea Franceschini, Pablo Ezquerro, et al. "3D groundwater flow and deformation modelling of Madrid aquifer." Journal of Hydrology 585 (June 2020): 124773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124773.
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Gumbricht, T., and R. Thunvik. "3D Hydrogeological Modelling with an Expert GIS Interface." Hydrology Research 28, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1997): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.27.
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Geographical Information Systems provide a powerful tool for creating three-dimensional (3D) datasets for sophisticated hydrogeological models. The article describes a GIS with an expert system interface developed for generating 3D hydrogeological frameworks. The system integrates 2D images of elevation and geology and vertical profile data. Application of the expert GIS to a complex aquifer in South Eastern Sweden is described.
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Naranjo-Fernández, Nuria, Carolina Guardiola-Albert, and Esperanza Montero-González. "Applying 3D Geostatistical Simulation to Improve the Groundwater Management Modelling of Sedimentary Aquifers: The Case of Doñana (Southwest Spain)." Water 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010039.
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Mathematical groundwater modelling with homogeneous permeability zones has been used for decades to manage water resources in the Almonte-Marismas aquifer (southwest Spain). This is a highly heterogeneous detrital aquifer which supports valuable ecological systems in the Doñana National Park. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to better characterize this heterogeneity by numerical discretization of the geophysical and lithological data available. We identified six hydrofacies whose spatial characteristics were quantified with indicator variogram modelling. Sequential Indicator Simulation then made it possible to construct a 3D geological model. Finally, this detailed model was included in MODFLOW through the Model Muse interface. This final process is still a challenge due to the difficulty of downscaling to a handy numerical modelling scale. New piezometric surfaces and water budgets were obtained. The classical model with zones and the model with 3D simulation were compared to confirm that, for management purposes, the effort of improving the geological heterogeneities is worthwhile. This paper also highlights the relevance of including subsurface heterogeneities within a real groundwater management model in the present global change scenario.
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Proietti, Giampaolo, Marko Cvetković, Bruno Saftić, Alessia Conti, Valentina Romano, and Sabina Bigi. "3D modelling and capacity estimation of potential targets for CO2 storage in the Adriatic Sea, Italy." Petroleum Geoscience 28, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): petgeo2020–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-117.
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One of the most innovative and effective technologies developed in recent decades for reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere is carbon capture and storage (CCS). It consists of capture, transport and injection of CO2 produced by energy production plants or other industries. The injection takes place in deep geological formations with the suitable geometrical and petrophysical characteristics to trap CO2 permanently in the subsurface, which is called geological storage. In the development process of a potential geological storage site, correct capacity estimation of the injectable volumes of CO2 is one of the most important aspects. There are various approaches to estimate CO2 storage capacities for potential traps, including geometrical equations, dynamic modelling, numerical modelling and 3D modelling. In this work, the generation of 3D petrophysical models and equations for calculation of the storage volumes are used to estimate the effective storage capacity of four potential saline aquifers in the Adriatic Sea offshore. The results show how different saline aquifers, with different lithologies at favourable depths, can host a reasonable amount of CO2, which will require further and more detailed feasibility studies for each of these structures. A detailed analysis is carried out for each saline aquifer identified, varying the parameters of each structure identified and adapting them for a realistic estimate of potential geological storage capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage
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Li, Yueting, Matteo Frigo, Yan Zhang, Lin Zhu, Massimiliano Ferronato, Carlo Janna, Xulong Gong, Jun Yu, Pietro Teatini, and Shujun Ye. "A New Software to Model Earth Fissure Caused by Extensive Aquifer Exploitation and its Application to the Guangming Village Case, China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-511-2020.
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Abstract. Earth fissures accompanying anthropogenic land subsidence due to excessive aquifer exploitation create significant geohazards in China. Numerical models represent a unique scientific approach to predict the generation and development of earth fissures. However, the common geomechanical simulators fail to reproduce fissure development because they cannot be effectively applied in discontinuous mechanics. An innovative modelling approach developed recently is applied to develop a software to simulate fissure development. The pressure changes are used as forcing factors in a 3D geomechanical model, which combines Finite Elements and Interface Elements to simulate the deformation of the continuous aquifer system and the generation and sliding/opening of earth fissures. The approach has been applied to simulate the earth fissures at Guangming Village in Wuxi, China with land subsidence of more than 1 m caused by the overexploitation of the second confined aquifer. The modelling results highlight that the earth fissures at Guangming Village have been caused by tension and shear stresses. Based on the developed modelling approach and the application case study, a software platform is developed to provide a fast preliminary evaluation of the risk of fissure occurrence associated to land subsidence. The software allows for the simulation of a simplified 2D conceptual geologic model of earth fissures, which can be used to investigate how the main factors controlling the geomechanical response of the aquifer system, such as pressure changes, geometry of aquifer system, geomechanical properties, and depth of bedrock/fault etc.
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Drouiller, Yvon, Franck Hanot, Eric Gillot, Jean-Charles Ferran, and Loic Michel. "3D seismic for design and derisking of dual geothermal boreholes in sedimentary sequences and new prospects in the Paris Basin (Adapted methodology using petroleum industry techniques)." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018106.
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The use of existing geological and structural maps, previous 2D seismic profiles, boreholes and correlation models between these data is sufficient to understand basin structure and thermal systems on a regional scale. However, this is not sufficient on a scale of a geothermal site to be sure of the hydraulic connectivity (or of the presence of a permeability barrier) between two boreholes 1.5 or 2 km apart. To ensure that there is enough hydraulic connectivity, it i s necessary to understand the controls on the network of fractures which affects the aquifer (fracture permeability) and the physical properties of the rock, namely the porosity and clay content in order to obtain a matrix permeability. The latest generation of broadband (six octaves) 3D seismic reflection will provide the following information: the similarity attribute will give an accurate structural map of the fault network at the seismic resolution and, in many cases, at a higher resolution than seismic; seismic velocity anisotropy analysis techniques will make it possible to visualize a 3D volume of information on the fracture network [Michel et al. (2013) Application of Azimuthal Seismic Inversion for Shale Gas Reservoir – Proceedings of the 11th SEGJ International Symposium, Yokohama]; acoustic impedance inversion or petrophysical inversion techniques will predict the porosity throughout the whole volume of the aquifer from a porosity log recorded in a pilot-hole. It allows a real 3D mapping of predicted porosity inside the aquifer much more reliably than from modelling alone. These seismic techniques were initially developed for petroleum exploration and development. They have rapidly progressed throughout the last decade, both in acquisition, processing and interpretation with new methodologies and high-performance softwares. They are efficient for modelling reservoirs to be produced. And, consequently, they can be used for geothermal applications as data to design dual deviated drillings with horizontal drains in carbonate and clastic reservoirs – not only for new projects, but also to revisit old ones to improve their performance or develop another reservoir. Broadband 3D seismic will secure the exploration of Triassic sandstones which stay an interesting prospect for deep geothermal projects. New prospects are proposed in the Paris Basin: Regional faults overlap the substratum. Inside faulted zones, hydrothermal circulations arriving by convection at the top of granitic basement could be geothermal objectives, as in the Alsace Upper Rhine Graben. A production pilot site is suggested to test superimposed aquifers and a regional fault and, at the same time, two different architectures of boreholes doublets: horizontal drains for aquifers and deviated wells for crossing a regional fault. The first site that will use this approach could be instrumented and used as an experiment with a small addition of measurements and sensors, thus becoming a showcase for geothermal energy in France. The objective of this experiment would be to determine the transit time, the heating time of the re-injected water and the circulation speed to define the optimal direction, spacing and length of drains, and also, to realize the thermal modelling of the site for different options.
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Smerdon, B. D., C. A. Mendoza, and A. M. McCann. "Quantitative investigations of the hydraulic connection between a large reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-065.
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Quantitative investigations, including two aquifer tests and development of a three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model, were required to determine the hydraulic connection between an irrigation reservoir and a buried valley aquifer in southern Alberta. Evidence of seepage was detected in the buried valley aquifer 10 km east of the Pine Coulee reservoir at the onset of filling in 1999, when the reservoir level exceeded an elevation of 1035 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Concern for an increase in the local water table and the creation of artesian conditions in the aquifer prompted this study to determine the approximate location of a seepage window that appeared to be connecting the reservoir and aquifer. Observations of hydraulic head in the aquifer during the pumping tests revealed a barrier boundary when the reservoir level was at an elevation of 1035 m a.s.l. and a recharge boundary condition when the elevation exceeded 1039 m a.s.l. These data were used to calibrate a 3D groundwater flow model, which was needed to determine the hydraulic properties and approximate location of the leakage zone. The quantitative investigation showed that seepage likely occurred through the sideslopes of the flooded coulee, rather than through the low-permeability coulee floor sediments or the embankment dam. Further simulations illustrated the expected seepage rates at various reservoir supply levels and the pumping rates required for relief wells installed in the buried valley aquifer to maintain historic aquifer hydraulic head. A brief postanalysis indicated that the forecasted pumping rates were only 15% lower than have been required to maintain preconstruction water levels in the buried valley aquifer.Key words: dams, seepage analysis, groundwater modelling, buried valley aquifer, pumping test.
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Lazarova, Valentina, Yves Emsellem, Julie Paille, Karl Glucina, and Philippe Gislette. "Water quality management of aquifer recharge using advanced tools." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.418.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with recycled water or other alternative resources is one of the most rapidly growing techniques that is viewed as a necessity in water-short areas. In order to better control health and environmental effects of MAR, this paper presents two case studies demonstrating how to improve water quality, enable reliable tracing of injected water and better control and manage MAR operation in the case of indirect and direct aquifer recharge. Two water quality management strategies are illustrated on two full-scale case studies, including the results of the combination of non conventional and advanced technologies for water quality improvement, comprehensive sampling and monitoring programs including emerging pollutants, tracer studies using boron isotopes and integrative aquifer 3D GIS hydraulic and hydrodispersive modelling.
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Schneider, A., H. Zhao, J. Wolf, D. Logashenko, S. Reiter, M. Howahr, M. Eley, M. Gelleszun, and H. Wiederhold. "Modeling saltwater intrusion scenarios for a coastal aquifer at the German North Sea." E3S Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185400031.
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A 3d regional density-driven flow model of a heterogeneous aquifer system at the German North Sea Coast is set up within the joint project NAWAK (“Development of sustainable adaption strategies for the water supply and distribution infrastructure on condition of climatic and demographic change”). The development of the freshwater-saltwater interface is simulated for three climate and demographic scenarios. Groundwater flow simulations are performed with the finite volume code d3f++ (distributed density driven flow) that has been developed with a view to the modelling of large, complex, strongly density-influenced aquifer systems over long time periods.
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Sari, Herlina Putri, Agus Suprianto, and Nurul Priyantari. "Groundwater Distribution and Potency in Faculty of Mathematics Natural Sciences, Universitas Jember based 3-Dimensional Resistivity Data Modelling." BERKALA SAINSTEK 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v10i1.23025.
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Lack of clean water when entering the dry season is a problem that often occurs in the FMIPA University of Jember. The purpose of this research is to know and estimate the potential distribution of the aquifer in the research area. 3D modeling of resistivity data was carried out using Voxler software. The input of resistivity data from the measurement results in the research area that the inversion process had carried out. The modeling results obtained an aquifer potency of 207.862,21 m3 or 21.63% of the total volume on the model image's cross-sectional map, with an irregular distribution pattern. Finally, using this method, the modeling of the aquifer potential volume and distribution can be estimated, and can be used as consideration in the use of groundwater in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember.
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Rambourg, Dimitri, Raphaël Di Chiara, and Philippe Ackerer. "Three-dimensional hydrogeological parametrization using sparse piezometric data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 23 (December 8, 2022): 6147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6147-2022.
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Abstract. When modelling contamination transport in the subsurface and aquifers, it is crucial to assess the heterogeneities of the porous medium, including the vertical distribution of the aquifer parameter. This issue is generally addressed thanks to geophysical investigations. As an alternative, a method is proposed using estimated hydraulic parameters from a 2D calibrated flow model (solely reliant on piezometric series) as parametrization constraints for a 3D hydrogeological model. The methodology is tested via a synthetic model, ensuring full knowledge and control of its structure. The synthetic aquifer is composed of five lithofacies, distributed according to a sedimentary pattern, and functions in an unconfined regime. The level of heterogeneity for hydraulic conductivity spans 3 orders of magnitude. It provides the piezometric chronicles used to inverse 2D flow parameter fields and the lithological logs used to interpolate the 3D lithological model. Finally, the parameters of each facies (hydraulic conductivity and porosity) are obtained through an optimization loop, which minimizes the difference between the 2D calibrated transmissivity and the transmissivity computed with the estimated 3D facies parameters. The method estimates values close to the known parameters, even with sparse piezometric and lithological data sampling. The maximal discrepancy is 45 % of the known value for the hydraulic conductivity and 6 % for the porosity (mean error 26 % and 3 %, respectively). Although the methodology does not prevent interpolation errors, it succeeds in reconstructing flow and transport dynamics close to the control data. Due to the inherent limitations of the 2D inversion approach, the method only applies to the saturated zone at this point.
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Martorana, R., L. Lombardo, N. Messina, and D. Luzio. "Integrated geophysical survey for 3D modelling of a coastal aquifer polluted by seawater." Near Surface Geophysics 12, no. 1 (January 2013): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2013006.
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Li, Wenliang, Qing Sun, Weiping Wang, Shisong Qu, Zhengxian Zhang, and Qiaoyi Xu. "Effective water quantity of multi-source water recharging aquifers in Yufuhe River based on groundwater and surface water semi-coupled modelling." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 2280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.109.
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Abstract With rapid urbanisation, a karst water recharge area of the Jinan spring catchment was damaged. Thus, managed aquifer recharge projects were built in the western Jinan spring catchment to protect the water supply of the spring. Yufuhe River was selected as the study area to compute the effective recharge rate into karst aquifers. This strong seepage zone has a large gradient and undergoes a specific hydrogeological condition in which two strata of a gravel layer and limestone change to three strata of gravel, impermeable clay shale and limestone at the open window of the karst aquifers. A hydraulic model called HEC-RAS was applied to simulate the river stage, and a numerical groundwater model called HYDRUS-3D was adopted to simulate the groundwater mound dynamics and estimate river flow seepage into the aquifers. The effective recharge rates are 64.9%, 65.2% and 68.1% when the buried depths of groundwater are 40, 30 and 25 m. An analysis of the electric conductivity, water table, temperature and water volume data found an effective recharge rate of 68.3%. Results of field monitoring confirmed the accuracy of the numerical simulation and showed that most of the recharged water in the study reach can be effectively recharged into the karst aquifers.
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Raiber, Matthias, David Rassam, Tao Cui, Dan Pagendam, and Sreekanth Janardhanan. "Development of a 3D geological model of the Clarence-Moreton Basin: on the challenge of integrating petroleum systems and groundwater systems approaches." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14099.
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One of the key challenges to assist in the understanding of the potential impacts of coal seam gas (CSG) extraction is the development of robust geological and numerical models. In the Clarence-Moreton Basin, this task is complicated by the need to integrate shallow alluvial aquifers (typically less than 30 m thick) and deep bedrock aquifers, which can have a combined thickness of up to approximately 3,500–4,000 m in some parts of the basin. While shallow aquifers are not typically considered in petroleum reservoir studies, they are of great significance in the Australian government’s Bioregional Assessment Program as they host a range of valuable water-dependent assets. To address this challenge, the authors have developed a series of 3D geological models and flow simulation grids of different scales and resolutions, that will form the assessment’s basis. An accurate understanding of the potential connectivity pathways between the five major alluvial aquifer systems and the underlying Triassic to Cretaceous age units will underpin the prediction of potential impacts of depressurisation associated with CSG extraction from the Walloon Coal Measures, which is the major target of CSG exploration in the Clarence-Moreton Basin. The authors have used SKUA/GoCAD (Paradigm®) 3D geological modelling software to develop 3D geological models from elevation (DEM), and stratigraphic, seismic and lithological data to facilitate the development of reliable conceptual and numerical models that describe these connectivity pathways and constitute a road-map to a risk assessment of the potential impacts on water-related assets from CSG production in the basin.
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Lelliott, M. R., D. McC Bridge, H. Kessler, S. J. Price, and K. J. Seymour. "The application of 3D geological modelling to aquifer recharge assessments in an urban environment." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 39, no. 3 (August 2006): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/05-027.
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Ghysels, Gert, Christian Anibas, Henock Awol, Abebe Tolche, Uwe Schneidewind, and Marijke Huysmans. "The Significance of Vertical and Lateral Groundwater–Surface Water Exchange Fluxes in Riverbeds and Riverbanks: Comparing 1D Analytical Flux Estimates with 3D Groundwater Modelling." Water 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030306.
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Riverbed temperature profiles are frequently used to estimate vertical river–aquifer exchange fluxes. Often in this approach, strictly vertical flow is assumed. However, riverbeds are heterogeneous structures often characterised by complex flow fields, possibly violating this assumption. We characterise the meter-scale variability of river–aquifer interaction at two sections of the Aa River, Belgium, and compare vertical flux estimates obtained with a 1D analytical solution to the heat transport equation with fluxes simulated with a 3D groundwater model (MODFLOW) using spatially distributed fields of riverbed hydraulic conductivity. Based on 115 point-in-time riverbed temperature profiles, vertical flux estimates that are obtained with the 1D solution are found to be higher near the banks than in the center of the river. The total exchange flux estimated with the 3D groundwater model is around twice as high as the estimate based on the 1D solution, while vertical flux estimates from both methods are within a 10% margin. This is due to an important contribution of non-vertical flows, especially through the riverbanks. Quasi-vertical flow is only found near the center of the river. This quantitative underestimation should be considered when interpreting exchange fluxes based on 1D solutions. More research is necessary to assess conditions for which using a 1D analytical approach is justified to more accurately characterise river–aquifer exchange fluxes.
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Yevalla, Gah-Muti Salvanus, Biyong Bi Mback Emmanuel Blaise, Rodrigue Ebonji Seth, Étienne Totcha Beka, and Tabod Charles Tabod. "Constructing a 3D geological model from geophysical data for groundwater modelling and management in the Kribi-Campo sedimentary sub-basin, Cameroon." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.004.
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Abstract Groundwater resources along the coast of Cameroon (Kribi–Campo Sub-Basin) are under siege from point and non-point pollution sources, climate change, urbanization and infrastructure development. This situation is made worse by the absence of a water management and development strategy. Managing and monitoring the area's water resources requires an understanding of the groundwater systems, and thus a thorough understanding of the geology. In this study, a 3D geological model was built from electro-seismic data and the structure of the area's aquifer system developed. The aquifer system structure was transferred into Visual MODFLOW Flex and then used to develop a typical hydrogeological model, which will help the management and monitoring of the area's groundwater resources. As more geological data become available, the current model can be updated easily by editing and recomputing. This work is expected to have a positive impact quite quickly on the provision of potable water and on public health.
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Gunnink, Jan L., Hung Van Pham, Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. "The three-dimensional groundwater salinity distribution and fresh groundwater volumes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, inferred from geostatistical analyses." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 3297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3297-2021.
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Abstract. Over the last decades, economic developments in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta have led to a sharp increase in groundwater pumping for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. This has resulted in alarming rates of land subsidence and groundwater salinization. Effective groundwater management, including strategies to work towards sustainable groundwater use, requires knowledge about the current groundwater salinity distribution, in particular the available volumes of fresh groundwater. At the moment, no comprehensive dataset of the spatial distribution of fresh groundwater is available. To create a 3D model of total dissolved solids (TDS), an existing geological model of the spatial distribution and thickness of the aquifers and aquitards is updated. Next, maps of drainable porosity for each aquifer are interpolated based on the sedimentological description of the borehole data. Measured TDS in groundwater, inferred TDS from resistivity measurements in boreholes and soft incomplete data (derived from measurements in boreholes and data from domestic wells) are combined in an indicator kriging routine to obtain the full probability distribution of TDS for each (x,y,z) location. This statistical distribution of TDS combined with drainable porosity yields estimates of the volume of fresh groundwater (TDS < 1 g L−1) in each aquifer. Uncertainty estimates of these volumes follow from a Monte Carlo analysis (sequential indicator simulation). Results yield an estimated fresh groundwater volume for the Mekong Delta of 867 billion cubic metres with an uncertainty range of 830–900 billion cubic metres, which is somewhat higher than previous assessments of fresh groundwater volumes. The resulting dataset can for instance be used in groundwater flow and salt transport modelling as well as aquifer storage and recovery projects to support informed groundwater management decisions, e.g. to prevent further salinization of the Mekong Delta groundwater system and land subsidence, and is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4441776 (Gunnink et al., 2021).
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Bayat, Mandana, Saeid Eslamian, Gholamreza Shams, and Alborz Hajiannia. "Groundwater Level Prediction through GMS Software – Case Study of Karvan Area, Iran." Quaestiones Geographicae 39, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2020-0028.
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AbstractIran, being located in arid and semi-arid regions, faces an increase in human demand for water, and the global climate change has led to the excessive use of groundwater. China, India and Iran were ranked from first to third, respectively, in excessive groundwater consumption in 2005. The effects of effective parameters on groundwater recharge such as precipitation, surface recharge and well water harvesting in the Karvan aquifer are assessed. Groundwater flow models have typically been and are being adopted since the beginning of this millennium to better manage groundwater resources. The decrease in groundwater level and the potential environmental hazards thereof have made the researchers here to apply the Groundwater Modelling System (GMS software) in 3D in the subject area. This modelling is calibrated and validated for 86 months at steady and unsteady states. In this study, six scenarios are defined as both an increase and a decrease of 30% in precipitation, both an increase and a decrease of 30% in surface recharge, an increase of 10% in well water harvesting and a decrease of 30% in well water harvesting. The best scenario is selected for the subject area water management.
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Benjakul, Rungroj, Cathy Hollis, Hamish A. Robertson, Eric L. Sonnenthal, and Fiona F. Whitaker. "Understanding controls on hydrothermal dolomitisation: insights from 3D reactive transport modelling of geothermal convection." Solid Earth 11, no. 6 (December 11, 2020): 2439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2439-2020.
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Abstract. The dominant paradigm for petrogenesis of high-temperature fault-controlled dolomite, widely known as “hydrothermal dolomite” (HTD), invokes upwelling of hot fluid along faulted and fractured conduits from a deep over-pressured aquifer. However, this model has several inherent ambiguities with respect to fluid sources and their dolomitisation potential, as well as mechanisms for delivering enough of these reactive fluids to form substantial volumes of dolomite. Here, we use generic 2D and 3D reactive transport simulations of a single transmissive fault system to evaluate an alternative conceptual model whereby dolomitisation is driven by seawater being drawn down into the subsurface and heated. We examine the evolution of fluid chemistry and the distribution of diagenetic alteration, including predictions of the rate, distribution, and temperature of HTD formation, and consider the possible contribution of this process to the Mg budget of the world's oceans. The simulations suggest that it is possible for convection of seawater along the fault damage zone to form massive dolomite bodies that extend hundreds of metres vertically and along the fault within a timescale of a few tens of thousands of years, with no significant alteration of the country rock. Dolomitisation occurs as a gradient reaction by replacement of host limestones and minor dolomite cementation, and it results in the discharge of Mg2+-poor, Ca2+-rich fluids to the sea floor. Fluids sourced from the basement contribute to the transport of heat that is key for overcoming kinetic limitations to dolomitisation, but the entrained seawater provides the Mg2+ to drive the reaction. Dolomite fronts are sharper on the “up-flow” margin where Mg2+-rich fluids first reach the threshold temperature for dolomitisation, and the “down-flow” dolomite front tends to be broader as the fluid is depleted in Mg2+ by prior dolomitisation. The model demonstrates spatial contrasts in the temperature of dolomitisation and the relative contribution of seawater and basement-derived fluids which are also commonly observed in natural fault-controlled dolomites. In the past, such variations have been interpreted in terms of major shifts in the system driving dolomitisation. Our simulations demonstrate that such changes may also be a product of emergent behaviour within a relatively stable system, with areas that are dolomitised more slowly recording the effect of changes in fluid flow, heat, and solute transport that occur in response to diagenetic permeability modification. Overall, our models robustly demonstrate that high-temperature fault-controlled dolomite bodies can form from mixed convection and act as a sink for Mg in the circulating seawaters. In addition, comparison of our 3D simulations with simplifications to 2D indicate that 2D models misrepresent critical aspects of the system. This has important implications for modelling of systems ranging from geothermal resources and mineralisation to carbonate diagenesis, including hydrothermal karstification and ore genesis as well as dolomitisation.
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Martinez, Jorge L., Matthias Raiber, and Dioni I. Cendón. "Using 3D geological modelling and geochemical mixing models to characterise alluvial aquifer recharge sources in the upper Condamine River catchment, Queensland, Australia." Science of The Total Environment 574 (January 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.029.
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Raiber, M., J. A. Webb, D. I. Cendón, P. A. White, and G. E. Jacobsen. "Environmental isotopes meet 3D geological modelling: Conceptualising recharge and structurally-controlled aquifer connectivity in the basalt plains of south-western Victoria, Australia." Journal of Hydrology 527 (August 2015): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.053.
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Baalousha, Husam, Marwan Fahs, Fanilo Ramasomanana, and Anis Younes. "Effect of Pilot-Points Location on Model Calibration: Application to the Northern Karst Aquifer of Qatar." Water 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040679.
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In hydrogeological modelling, two approaches are commonly used for model calibration: zonation and the pilot-points method. Zonation assumes an abrupt spatial change in parameter values, which could be unrealistic in field applications. The pilot-points method produces smoothly distributed parameters compared to the zonation approach; however, the number and placement of pilot-points can be challenging. The main goal of this paper is to explore the effect of pilot-points number and locations on the calibrated parameters. A 3D groundwater flow model was built for the northern karst aquifer of Qatar. A conceptual model of this aquifer was developed based on MODFLOW software (United States Geological Survey). The model was calibrated using the parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis (PEST) package employing historical data of groundwater levels. The effect of the number and locations of pilot-points was examined by running the model using a variable numbers of points and several perturbations of locations. The calibration errors for all the runs (corresponding to different configurations of pilot-points) were maintained under a certain threshold. A statistical analysis of the calibrated parameters was then performed to evaluate how far these parameters are impacted by the pilot-point locations. Finally, an optimization method was proposed for pilot-points placement using recharge and observed piezometric maps. The results revealed that the pilot-points number, locations, and configurations have a significant effect on the calibrated parameter, especially in the high permeable regions corresponding to the karstic zones. The outcome of this study may help focus on areas of high uncertainty where more field data should be collected to improve model calibration. It also helps the placement of pilot-points for a robust calibration.
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Chou, P. Y., and G. Wyseure. "Lateral inflow into the hyporheic zone tested by a laboratory model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2008): 1567–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-1567-2008.
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Abstract. Groundwater and river water with a different composition interact and exchange in the hyporheic zone. The study of hyporheic zone and its impact on water quality has recently received growing interest because of its role in nutrients and pollutants interactions between rivers and the aquifer. In this research our main purpose is to identify the physical processes and characteristics needed for a numerical model, which include the unsaturated recharge zone, the aquifer and the river bed. In order to investigate such lateral groundwater inflow process, a laboratory J-shaped column experiment was designed. This study determined the transport parameters of the J-shaped column by fitting an analytical solution of the convective-dispersion equation on individual segments to the observed resident breakthrough curves, and by inverse modelling on the entire flow domain for every flux. The obtained transport parameters relation was tested by numerical simulation using HYDRUS 2D/3D. Four steady-state flux conditions (i.e. 0.5 cm hr−1, 1 cm hr−1, 1.5 cm hr−1 and 2 cm hr−1) were applied, transport parameters including pore water velocity and dispersivity were determined for both unsaturated and saturated sections along the column. Results showed that under saturated conditions the dispersivity was fairly constant and independent of the flux. In contrast, dispersivity under unsaturated conditions was flux dependent and increased at lower flux. For our porous medium the dispersion coefficient related best to the quotient of the pore water velocity divided by the water content. A simulation model of the hyporheic exchange of the water and dissolved materials should take this into account.
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Amanambu, Amobichukwu Chukwudi. "Geogenic Contamination: Hydrogeochemical processes and relationships in Shallow Aquifers of Ibadan, South-West Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2015-0011.
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Abstract The result of the spatial analysis as applied to the hydrogeochemical data set in the shallow aquifer of Ibadan provides an insight into the underlying factors controlling hydrogeochemical processes in the area. A total of thirty drinking water samples (six samples each from the five major lithologic formations of the study area) were collected from shallow aquifers during the rainy and dry season. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the Beckan DU-7500 single beam spectrophotometer were used to determine concentrations of arsenic, iron and fluoride in drinking water samples and the concentrations of other chemical parameters that could affect the concentrations of the geogenic contaminants including Ca, Mg, Na and SO42− were also analysed. pH and TDS were also determined. The Pearson Correlation and Factor Analysis were used to examine the relationship between the geogenic contaminants and concentration of other hydrogeochemical parameters while isopleth maps were drawn to ascertain lines of equal geogenic concentration (Isogeogenic lines). Factor analysis reduced the dataset into three major components representing the different sources of the contaminant. Major contributors to factor 1 and 3 (Salinization and Sulphate factors respectively) are natural phenomena while factor 2 is partly geogenic. The Isogeogenic lines show places of equal geogenic concentration and also with 3D Elevation modelling showed a high peak of Arsenic and Fluoride in the Sango area. The correlation test showed that there is a positive relationship between As and SO42− 0.889 (P < 0.05) and also a positive relationship between As and Mg 0.43 (P < 0.05). The significant relationship between As and SO42−, shows a partly geogenic source resulting from the reduction of sulphate to sulphide for the mobilization of As. The positive relationship between Fluoride and pH 0.242 (P > 0.05) implies that the concentration of F within the rock formation depends on high pH value.
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Seggie, R. J., R. B. Ainsworth, D.A.Johnson, J. P. M. Koninx, B. Spaargaren, and P. M. Stephenson. "AWAKENING OF A SLEEPING GIANT: SUNRISE- TROUBADOUR GAS-CONDENSATE FIELD." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99024.
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The Sunrise and Troubadour fields form a complex of giant gas-condensate accumulations located in the Timor Sea some 450 km northwest of Darwin. Left unappraised for almost a quarter of a century since discovery, recently renewed attention has brought these stranded hydrocarbon accumulations to the point of comm-ercialisation.A focussed appraisal program during 1997–1999 driven by expectations of growth in LNG and domestic gas markets, involved the acquisition and processing of an extensive grid of modern 2D seismic and the drilling, coring and testing of three wells. The aim of this program was to quantify better both in-place hydrocarbon volumes (reservoir properties and their distribution) and hydrocarbon recovery efficiency (gas quality and deliverability). Maximum value has been extracted from these data via a combination of deterministic and probabilistic methods, and the integration of analyses across all disciplines.This paper provides an overview of these efforts, describes the fields and details major subsurface uncertainties. Key aspects are:3D, object-based geological modelling of the reservoir, covering the spectrum of plausible sedimentological interpretations.Convolution of rock properties, derived from seismic (AVO) inversion, with 3D geological model realisations to define reservoir properties in inter-well areas.Incorporation of faults (both seismically mapped and probabilistically modelled sub-seismic faults) into both the static 3D reservoir models and the dynamic reservoir simulations.Interpretation of a tilted gas-water contact apparently arising from flow of water in the Plover aquifer away from active tectonism to the north.Extensive gas and condensate fluid analysis and modelling.Scenario-based approach to dynamic modelling.In summary, acquisition of an extensive suite of quality data during the past two-three years coupled with novel, integrated, state-of-the-art analysis of the subsurface has led to a major increase in estimates of potentially recoverable gas and condensate. Improved volumetric confidence in conjunction with both traditional and innovative engineering design (e.g. Floating Liquefied Natural Gas technology) has made viable a range of possible commercial developments from 2005 onwards.
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Willetts, J. M., D. J. Mason, L. Guerrera, and P. Ryles. "LEGENDRE: MATURATION OF A MARGINAL OFFSHORE OIL DISCOVERY TO DEVELOPMENT PROJECT." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98031.
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Commercialisation of the Legendre hydrocarbon resources represents the culmination of over 30 years of exploration and appraisal and more recent development planning, following the discovery by the first well to be flow-tested on the North West Shelf, Legendre–1, in 1968. By application of 3D seismic, reservoir modelling and simulation techniques, horizontal drilling and innovative development options, the WA-l-P Joint Venture is confident of achieving an economic return on a relatively small resource base.The two separate accumulations, Legendre North and Legendre South, are together expected to contain some 14 million m3 (90 MMSTB) of oil-in-place. The oil column in the northern accumulation is 45 m at its maximum, whilst a 20 m column is present in the southern accumulation. Reservoir quality is generally very good with mostly massive sandstones with little or no internal stratification. The reservoir contains a light oil and aquifer support is expected from communication with the underlying Angel Formation sandstones.The subsurface development plan has been designed to optimise the recovery of the oil in place in the two accumulations. Production wells with horizontal sections of 750 m will be used to minimise drawdown and ensure good sweep. Production is expected at a plateau rate of 4,800 to 6,400 m3/d (30−40,000 BOPD). Produced gas will be disposed of by means of a re-injection well downdip of the producers.
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Rouquet, Simon, Pierre Boivin, Patrick Lachassagne, and Emmanuel Ledoux. "A 3-D genetic approach to high-resolution geological modelling of the volcanic infill of a paleovalley system. Application to the Volvic catchment (Chaîne des Puys, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.5.395.
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Abstract The Volvic natural mineral water is catched in a complex volcanic aquifer located in the northern part of the “Chaîne des Puys” volcanic system (Auvergne, France). In the watershed, water transits through scoria cones and basaltic to trachybasaltic lava flows. These aa lava flows, emitted by strombolian cones between 75,000 and 10,000 years ago, are emplaced in deep paleovalleys incised within the variscan crystalline bedrock. The volcanic infill is highly heterogeneous. In order to build a hydrogeological model of the watershed, a simple but robust methodology was developed to reconstruct the bedrock morphology and the volcanic infill in this paleovalley context. This methodology, based on the combination of genetic and geometric approaches, appears to be rather efficient to define both the substratum and the lava flows geometry. A 3D geological model is then proposed. It synthesizes the data from 99 boreholes logs, 2D geoelectric profiles, morphologic clues, datings and petrographic data. A genetic approach, integrating aa lava flow morphology and emplacement behaviour, was used to reconstruct the chronology of the volcanic events and lava flow emplacement from the upper part of the Dômes plateau to the Limagne plain. The precision of the volcanic reconstruction is discussed: the main limitation of the methodology are related to the homogeneity of the petrographic and geochemical composition of the lava flows succession (except for the trachyandesitic Nugere lava), the spatially variable borehole density, the lack of a real petrographical and geological description on most of the available geological logs. Nevertheless, the developed methodology combining spatial and genetic approaches appears to be well adapted to constrain complex lava flow infill geometries in paleovalley context.
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Song, Huang. "Hydrochemistry Research of Intercrystalline with Pore Brine and Pre-3D Modelling of Heibeiwadi Brine Deposit." Key Engineering Materials 783 (October 2018): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.783.170.
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Intercrystalline and pore brine develop extensively in the Heibewadi research area which is located at south foot of Altun mountain of Qaidam basin. In central area, intercrystalline brine’s depths range from 5m to 90m. In northwest, south area and central deeper area, pore brine develops under intercrystalline brine layer. The 2 types of aquifers have strong yield property, TDS is 200-350g/l with average of 276g/l. Main salt compound can be mined out economically. According to analysis result of intercrystalline brine, TDS, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Li+ irons’ grades are very steady. That mean intercrystalline brine exist in the water-salt system under balance. Only the stability of Ca2+ and SO42- are slightly poor. According the Kurtosis characteristics analysis, Ca2+, SO42- are no-normal positively platykurtic distribution, K+, Cl- and PH are normal positively platykurtic distribution. These 2 groups fall into a sub-class. And the combined with normal negatively platykurtic distribution-TDS and fall into platykurtic distribution group. Mg2+, Li+ are normal positively peaked distribution; Na+ is normal negatively peaked distribution. They all belong to peaked distribution group. According to Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl-H2O quarternary phase diagram and Na+, K+, Mg2+//Cl-SO42-H2O pentabasic phase diagram, the chlorite and magnesium sulfate subtype have different hydro chemical characteristics and salting-in and salting-out rules.
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Sundal, Anja, Rohaldin Miri, Trude Ravn, and Per Aagaard. "Modelling CO 2 migration in aquifers; considering 3D seismic property data and the effect of site-typical depositional heterogeneities." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 39 (August 2015): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.05.021.
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Da Pelo, Stefania, Giorgio Ghiglieri, Cristina Buttau, Claudio Cuzzocrea, Alberto Carletti, Riccardo Biddau, Patrizia Fenza, Claudio Arras, Antonio Funedda, and Rosa Cidu. "3D hydrogeological modelling supported by geochemical mapping as an innovative approach for management of aquifers applied to the Nurra district (Sardinia, Italy)." Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana 35 (April 2015): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/rol.2015.125.
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Van Gent, Dominique, Sandeep Sharma, Allison Hortle, and Linda Stalker. "The Lesueur Formation storage complex in South Western Australia: safe, secure long-term storage of CO2." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19107.
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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage remain critical components of a decarbonised future. The West Australian Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety with research partners CSIRO, Curtin University and the University of Western Australia, have assessed the suitability of storing carbon dioxide in the deep saline aquifers of the Triassic Lesueur Formation (Southern Perth Basin) through the South West Hub Carbon Storage Project (SW Hub). The SW Hub has now concluded its acquisition of pre-competitive data and research. Extensive evaluation and multiple peer reviews by industry concluded that the site is ready for the next stage of characterisation – drilling and testing to confirm or refine the predictions for a suitable commercial-scale geological storage site, enabling acreage release for commercial exploration and appraisal leading to a storage licence. The data package includes extensive geological and dynamic modelling, providing confidence in the storage complex. Four wells have been drilled and multiple seismic data acquisition surveys (including 115 km2 3D seismic) are supported by four generations of reservoir models of increasing complexity built over the last decade of investigations. The site is unique in that there is no regional shale layer above the reservoir to provide a conventional seal for injected carbon dioxide. Results indicate that secure storage is obtained via vertical trapping across the extensive storage formation thickness; if proven, this mechanism can increase storage options around the world. This paper discusses the significance of the site, the geological setting, technical workflow, monitoring strategy and community and stakeholder management activities undertaken.
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Jani, Janmaizatulriah, David N. Lerner, and Steve Wise. "MINIMAL GEOLOGICAL DATA FOR MODELLING COMPLEX HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEM USING GIS." Jurnal Teknologi 78, no. 5-2 (May 8, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.8483.
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Geological model is part of groundwater modelling processes. 3D geological models such as GSI3D and GOCAD are used extensively for modelling subsurface geology. These models require multiple input datasets from boreholes, geology maps, and geophysical data. However, due to insufficient definitive data, widely spaced data points that are interpolated were usually used for representation of a geological unit. Since the requirement of extensive data is always the main issue, a geological model is only applied for an area with sufficient data. In this study, minimal and accessible spatial datasets were used in the model for representation of the geological unit. These datasets were chosen to allow the model to be applied in areas of limited datasets. Via the GIS platform, the methodology was developed for the representation of geology in particular the aquifer unit. The raster surface of the geological layer was created in GIS using the information of dip, strike and faults displacement taken from the geological map. The developed GIS based geological model is capable of viewing a geological cross section, modelling the thickness and outcrop boundary of an aquifer unit. The model was tested by reconstruction of the geology map for the Slea catchment, in the United Kingdom and prediction of the thickness of the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer.
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Bahar, Tidjani, Laurent Oxarango, Hélène Castebrunet, Yvan Rossier, and Florian Mermillod-Blondin. "3D modelling of solute transport and mixing during managed aquifer recharge with an infiltration basin." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, December 2020, 103758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103758.
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Smith, Katherine A., Alexander Vandenbohed, Ann Maes, Willy Verstraet, and Luc Lebbe. "Hydrogeological investigations in preparation of an in situ bioremediation strategy based on a novel bacterial desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans strain DCAl." Linnaeus Eco-Tech, January 30, 2020, 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.042.
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Understanding the wide variety of aquifer physical, chemical and microbiological processes is necessary for the effective implementation of in situ bioaugmentation strategies. Therefore, a numerical density dependent 3D solute transport model MOCDENS3D was developed in combination with field experiments to characterise the subsurface control parameters. This also allowed for the study of the effect of aquifer heterogeneity upon the fate and transport of the reactive solutes and the injected bacterial strain.
These investigations were conducted during the evaluation of an in situ bioremediation strategy intended for the cleanup of a test site. The site lies within a historically 1,2- dichloroethane (l ,2-DCA) contaminated sandy phreatic aquifer in Tessenderlo (Belgium). The halogenated compound has a putative carcinogenic effect and a high recalcitrance towards reductive dechlorination. The isolation of the novel anaerobic Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans strain DCAI from the soil matrix of the Tessenderlo site at LabMET (Ghent University, Belgium) offered perspectives for the execution of a bioaugmentation strategy at this site, since this strain selectively degrades 1,2-DCA to ethene under anaerobic conditions without the production of toxic vinyl chloride.
First, a step-drawdown pumping test followed by a forced gradient multiple-well tracer test was conducted to obtain values for the hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivity and effective porosity. The solute transport model was used as a predictive field-scale modelling tool in aid of designing the preliminary field tests as well as the bacterial injection. The aim of the latter was the assessment of the transport of the augmented strain DCAI. Prior modelling of these experiments provides an insight in the possible design strategies and hence, it can be concluded that profound preliminary field investigation aided by a solute transport model such as MOCDENS3D, results in a more time- and cost-effective execution of large scale cleanup processes of contaminated sites.
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Koukouzas, Nikolaos, Alexandros Tasianas, Vasiliki Gemeni, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, and Charalampos Vasilatos. "Geological modelling for investigating CO2 emissions in Florina Basin, Greece." Open Geosciences 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2015-0039.
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AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of naturally occurring CO2 emissions from the Florina natural analogue site in Greece. The main objective was to interpret previously collected depth sounding data, convert them into surfaces, and use them as input to develop, for the first time, 3D geological models of the Florina basin. By also locating the extent of the aquifer, the location of the CO2 source, the location of other natural CO2 accumulations, and the points where CO2 reaches the surface, we were able to assess the potential for CO2 leakage. Geological models provided an estimate of the lithological composition of the Florina Basin and allowed us to determine possible directions of groundwater flow and pathways of CO2 flow throughout the basin. Important modelling parameters included the spatial positions of boundaries, faults, and major stratigraphic units (which were subdivided into layers of cells). We used various functions in Petrel software to first construct a structural model describing the main rock boundaries.We then defined a 3D mesh honouring the structural model, and finally we populated each cell in the mesh with geologic properties, such as rock type and relative permeability. According to the models, the thickest deposits are located around Mesochorion village where we estimate that around 1000 m of sediments were deposited above the basement. Initiation of CO2 flow at Florina Basin could have taken place between 6.5 Ma and 1.8 Ma ago. The NESW oriented faults, which acted as fluid flow pathways, are still functioning today, allowing for localised leakage at the surface. CO2 leakage may be spatially variable and episodic in rate. The episodicity can be linked to the timing of Almopia volcanic activity in the area.
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Bahri, Ayi Syaeful, Amien Widodo, Widya Utama, Dwa Desa Warnana, Pegri Rohmat Aripin, Adib Banuboro, and Robi Alfaq Abdillah. "3D Resistivity Data Modelling to Identify Aquifer Geometry by Qualitative Analysis (Field Study: PDAM Surabaya Groundwater Conservation Area, Pasuruan)." IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series 3, no. 6 (December 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i6.3249.
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Mosbahi, H., A. Jrad, M. Dhaoui, H. Azaiez, and M. Montacer. "Constrained 3D gravity modelling of a multilayered aquifer system in an arid region: Case of Sebkhat El Bhira basin (Central Tunisia)." Journal of Applied Geophysics, February 2023, 104950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.104950.
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Hamrouni, Mohamed, and Hakim Gabtni. "Carbonate-rock aquifers in Arid Environments (Central Tunisia, Western Mediterranean province): Gravity and Time Domain Electromagnetic methods Investigations." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, February 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-121.
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Gravity and Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) methods were used in this study to investigate the subsurface hydrogeology of the carbonate-rock aquifer in Arid Environments (Central Tunisia, Western Mediterranean province). The El Houdh basin can be considered an appropriate case for evaluating the vulnerability of groundwater resources under present-day climate change. The identification of structural context and the discontinuities affecting the Eocene/Campanian-Maastrichtian carbonates is an important key to recognize water recharge/discharge pathways and to develop effective and long-term groundwater exploration strategies. Firstly, we have produced an available residual gravity field using a specific Gaussian filter. Then, we generated derivative maps, Euler deconvolution solutions map and a 3D gravity model to delineate different anomalies and to estimate the depth-to-basement parameter and the subsurface density contrasts. Positive and negative anomalies mapping and 3D gravity modelling divulged that the El Houdh basin is associated with an asymmetric “perched syncline” with a segmentation into NE-SW sub-basins (local negative residual anomalies) separated by NW–SE lineaments. The TDEM survey was calibrated using boreholes to image the karst saturated and Unsaturated Zone and to deduce the Epikarst and Endokarst relationship. Finally, the proposed methodology presents a fast and valuable approach for better management of hydrogeological exploitation. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Climate change and resilience in Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/climate-change-and-resilience-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
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Konstantinovskaya, Elena, Jose A. Rivero, Valentina Vallega, John Brodylo, and Peter Coldham. "3D reservoir simulation of CO 2 injection in a deep saline aquifer of the Lower Paleozoic Potsdam Sandstone of the St Lawrence Platform, Gentilly Block, Quebec." Geoenergy 1, no. 1 (January 23, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geoenergy2022-001.
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Increasing demand in carbon dioxide storage volumes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050 implies assessment of CO 2 storage capacity, including deep saline aquifers, even in tight sandstone reservoirs. 3D reservoir simulations of supercritical CO 2 injection were carried out in the Lower Paleozoic Potsdam Sandstone of the St Lawrence Platform (Gentilly Block), Quebec to predict safe CO 2 injection rates, evaluate reservoir pressure build-up in the presence of sealing and permeable faults, and estimate the gas injection cumulative. 3D one-way coupled reservoir–geomechanical modelling helped to analyse the interaction between reservoir pressure build-up and changes in in situ stresses, and estimate the risk of top and bottom seal failure and fault shear-slip reactivation. It is shown that a safe CO 2 injection rate per well for 20 years of continuous injection is estimated to range from 0.7 kg s −1 (22.1 kt a −1 ) to 10 kg s −1 (315.4 kt a −1 ) depending on the porosity and permeability of the Potsdam Sandstone varying from core-derived matrix values to ‘fracture-enhanced’ values. The corresponding injection CO 2 cumulative for 20 years ranges from 432.2 to 6013.5 kt per well. The implementation of a multiple-well injection plan will help to increase the injection CO 2 cumulative, given the considerable thickness and basin-scale dimensions of the Potsdam reservoir (3440 km 3 ).
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Mokrik, Robert, Vytautas Samalavičius, Marius Gregorauskas, and Modestas Bujanauskas. "Environmental isotopes and noble gas ages of the deep groundwater with coupled flow modelling in the Baltic artesian basin." Lithuanian Journal of Physics 61, no. 1 (April 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.v61i1.4407.
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In this study, modelled groundwater actual flow times in intermediate and deep aquifers, covered by regional scale impermeable aquitards, were compared with 4He and 81Kr age dating results. To improve the reliability of the steady state 3D groundwater flow model, the isotopic ages of deep groundwater were compared to the MODPATH modelled travel times. The highest helium values in groundwater reservoirs coincide with fault zones in the crystalline basement and sedimentary cover near Rapakivi granite massifs. Insights into isotope-geochemical anomalies of the Baltic Artesian Basin intermediate and deep groundwater support their main distribution peculiarities in the flow path towards the Baltic Sea coast lowland and seabed depression as the regional groundwater discharge area.
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Blick, C., and S. Eberle. "A survey on multiscale mollifier decorrelation of seismic data." GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics 12, no. 1 (July 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13137-021-00179-x.
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AbstractIn this survey paper, we present a multiscale post-processing method in exploration. Based on a physically relevant mollifier technique involving the elasto-oscillatory Cauchy–Navier equation, we mathematically describe the extractable information within 3D geological models obtained by migration as is commonly used for geophysical exploration purposes. More explicitly, the developed multiscale approach extracts and visualizes structural features inherently available in signature bands of certain geological formations such as aquifers, salt domes etc. by specifying suitable wavelet bands.
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Litvinenko, Alexander, Dmitry Logashenko, Raul Tempone, Gabriel Wittum, and David Keyes. "Solution of the 3D density-driven groundwater flow problem with uncertain porosity and permeability." GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13137-020-0147-1.
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AbstractThe pollution of groundwater, essential for supporting populations and agriculture, can have catastrophic consequences. Thus, accurate modeling of water pollution at the surface and in groundwater aquifers is vital. Here, we consider a density-driven groundwater flow problem with uncertain porosity and permeability. Addressing this problem is relevant for geothermal reservoir simulations, natural saline-disposal basins, modeling of contaminant plumes and subsurface flow predictions. This strongly nonlinear time-dependent problem describes the convection of a two-phase flow, whereby a liquid flows and propagates into groundwater reservoirs under the force of gravity to form so-called “fingers”. To achieve an accurate numerical solution, fine spatial resolution with an unstructured mesh and, therefore, high computational resources are required. Here we run a parallelized simulation toolbox ug4 with a geometric multigrid solver on a parallel cluster, and the parallelization is carried out in physical and stochastic spaces. Additionally, we demonstrate how the ug4 toolbox can be run in a black-box fashion for testing different scenarios in the density-driven flow. As a benchmark, we solve the Elder-like problem in a 3D domain. For approximations in the stochastic space, we use the generalized polynomial chaos expansion. We compute the mean, variance, and exceedance probabilities for the mass fraction. We use the solution obtained from the quasi-Monte Carlo method as a reference solution.
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Usman, Muhammad, Rudolf Liedl, Muhammad Arshad, and Christopher Conrad. "3-D numerical modelling of groundwater flow for scenario-based analysis and management." Water SA 44, no. 2 April (April 25, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v44i2.01.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, extensive competition for groundwater use among different consumers has exploited major freshwater aquifers in Pakistan. There is an urgent need for appraisal of this precious resource followed by some mitigation strategies. This modelling study was conducted in the mixed cropping zone of the Punjab, Pakistan. Both remote sensing and secondary data were utilized to achieve objectives of this study. The data related to piezometric water levels, canal gauges, well logs, meteorological and lithological information were collected from Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Groundwater flow models for both steady and transient conditions were set-up using FEFLOW-3D. Water balance components and recharge were estimated using empirical relations and inverse modelling approaches. Both manual and automated approaches were utilized to calibrate the models. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed to see the response of model output against different model input parameters. Followed by calibration and validation, the model was run for different management scenarios, including lining of canal sections, minimization of field percolation, and change of groundwater abstraction. The study results show a drop in groundwater levels for almost all scenarios. The highest negative change was observed for the 4th scenario (i.e. 25% increase in groundwater pumping over a 10-year period), with a value of 3.73 m, by ignoring very wet summer and winter seasons. For normal weather conditions, the highest negative change was observed for the 4th scenario with a value of 2.91 m followed by 2.68 m for the 3rd scenario (i.e. 50% reduction in canal seepage and field percolation over a 10-year period). For very wet summer and winter seasons, only one positive change was observed, for the 5th scenario (i.e. 25% decrease in groundwater pumping during 10 years period), with a value of 1.17 m. The changes for all other scenarios were negative. The mitigation strategy may include less groundwater pumping, by supporting cultivation of low delta crops and adjusting cropping patterns considering canal water supplies. It is further suggested to support current modelling results by incorporating more detailed information on cropping and by exploring the effect of climate change.