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1
Bonafont, Pujol Xavier. "Variabilidad de los niveles de hemoglobina en pacientes tratados con agentes estimulantes de la eritropoyesis en pre-diálisis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380737.
Full textAbstract:
La variabilidad de los niveles de hemoglobina (Hb) está relacionada con la mortalidad y la morbilidad en los pacientes en hemodiálisis tratados con agentes estimulantes de la eritropoyesis (AEE). La evidencia científica sobre los efectos de la variabilidad de Hb en los pacientes en prediálisis tratados con AEE es escasa e incompleta.
OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar la influencia de la variabilidad de los niveles Hb con la mortalidad y la morbilidad de los pacientes. Los objetivos secundarios son: determinar la correlación de los métodos de determinación de la variabilidad (desviación estándar (DE) de Hb, desviación estándar residual (DE residual) de Hb, niveles fuera del objetivo de Hb 10-12,5g/dL), la influencia de las variables demográficas, hematológicas, bioquímicas, farmacológicas y de la comorbilidad con la variabilidad.
METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en el Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol que incluyó 229 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica tratados con AEE en prediálisis. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: pacientes con cambios de tratamiento durante 6 meses previos, estadios I y II, trasplante renal, talasemia, déficit de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa y pacientes con menos de 3 determinaciones de Hb. El periodo de observación fue de 18 meses.
RESULTADOS: De los 229 pacientes, 109 eran mujeres (47,6%), con una edad media de 70,44 años (25-94) y un IMC de 28,29Kg/m2 (16,40-46,86).El 34% tenía un estadio III, el 52% estadio IV y el 14% estadio V. Veintitrés pacientes se trataron con eritropoyetina beta,149 con darbepoetina alfa y 57 con CERA. Solo el 24% y el 29,3% de los pacientes mantuvieron 4 ó 3 determinaciones de Hb en el objetivo. Los métodos para determinar la variabilidad se correlacionaron entre sí (p=0,000). No se pudo demostrar su influencia sobre la mortalidad (p=0,569). Se obtuvo un incremento de los índices de hospitalización (p=0,05) y del número de días de estancia (5 días aproximadamente). El deterioro de la función renal también fue mayor en los pacientes con mayor variabilidad (p=0,05). Los niveles séricos de calcio DE, urato DE, fibrinógeno, albúmina y ferritina se relacionaron con la variabilidad (p≤0,05). El intervalo prolongado de administración de los AEE se relacionó con una menor variabilidad (p=0,001). La administración concomitante de IECA, antirretrovirales y citostáticos aumentó la variabilidad (p≤0,05). Solo la enfermedad cerebro vascular, las hemorragias y las transfusiones afectaron la variabilidad (p≤0,05).
CONCLUSIONES: La variabilidad de Hb aumenta la morbilidad de los pacientes tratados con AEE en prediálisis (hospitalización y deterioro renal). La pauta de los AEE y cierta medicación concomitante puede afectar la variabilidad de los niveles de Hb.Hemoglobin (Hb) variability is related with mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietic agents (EA). Evidence of possible effects of Hb variability in pre-dialysis patients is scarce and incomplete. Objectives: The primary endpoint of this study is to determine the influence of Hb variability with mortality and morbidity of patients. Secondary endpoints are to determine the correlation of methods used to determine Hb variability (Hb standard deviation (SD), Hb residual SD, Hb levels out target 10-12,5g/dL) and the influence of demographic, biochemistry, hematological, and pharmacological variables and co morbidities over Hb variability. Methods: This observational and prospective study carried out in University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (Badalona, Spain) included 229 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients treated with EA in pre-dialysis. Exclusion criteria were: patients with any change in EA treatment during previous 6 months, CKD stages I and II, renal transplantation, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and patients with less than 3 Hb determinations. Observation period was 18 months. Results: Out 229, 109 (47,6%) were females, with 70.44 years of median age (range 25-94),median BMI of 28.29 kg/m2(range 16.40-46.86), with 34% , 52% and 14% of CKD stages III, IV and V respectively.23 patients were treated with EPO beta, 149 with darbepoetina alpha and 57 with CERA. Only 24% and 29.3% of patients achieved 4 or 3 Hb determinations on target (10-12,5g/dL). Methods for Hb variability determination were correlated (p=0.000). No Hb variability correlation with mortality were found (p=0.569. An increase of hospitalization rate was obtained (p=0.05) and with a longer inpatient stay (5 days). Also renal function decline was higher in patients with high Hb variability (p=0.05). Plasma levels of calcium SD, urate SD, fibrinogen, albumin and ferritin were correlated with Hb variability (p≤0.05). More prolonged EA administration were related with less Hb variability ( p=0.001) and concomitant administration of ACEI, antiretrovirals and cytostatics increase Hb variability (p≤0.05). Only cerebral vascular disease, bleeding and transfusions were affected Hb variability (p≤0.05). Conclusions: In pre-dyalisis EA treated patients, high Hb variability increase morbidity (hospitalization and renal function decline). Therapeutic regime of EA and concomitant medication as ACEI, antiretrovirals and cytostatics may affect Hb variability.
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Torrens, Armengol Antonina. "Subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater from different sources. Design and operation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380738.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to examine the viability of the subsurface constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater derived from three different sources (treatment ponds, pig farms and car wash facilities), and to evaluate the influence of design (size, type and depth of media, presence of Phragmites australis) and operational parameters (hydraulic load, dosing and feeding modes) on treatment efficiency and hydraulic behavior.
Several studies were done in the framework of different national and European R+D projects in 4 study sites. The viability of constructed wetlands with vertical and/or horizontal subsurface flow to treat the effluent from wastewater treatment pond systems (facultative and tertiary ponds) for discharge or reuse was evaluated in two municipal wastewater treatment plants, one in Aurignac (France) and the other in Santa Eugènia (Mallorca, Spain). The evaluation of the viability of hybrid subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat swine slurry for land application or discharge in water bodies was performed in small farm was Can Corominas located in Viver i Serrateix (Barcelona, Spain). Finally, the viability of vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands to treat the effluent from car wash facilities for recycling was evaluated at a car wash station located in Montfullà (Girona, Spain), using an infiltration-percolation system as reference. A monitoring of the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological parameters) and the filters’ hydraulic (monitoring of flows, infiltration rates and tracer tests experiments) were performed.
The main outcome of the thesis is the viability of the application of different configurations of subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat the effluents from a wastewater treatment pond, a pig farm, and a car wash facility, once design and operation have been optimized. Subsurface flow constructed wetlands have shown resilience to load and hydraulic fluctuations, to new pollutants and to variable environmental conditions; being simple to operate and maintain with null or minimum energy requirements and with an added aesthetical value.
From the case studies several points can be indicated as main conclusions. Paying special attention to the pond effluent study, it was characterised by a large quantity of algae and a high effluent variability that mainly depends temperature and solar irradiation. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands to upgrade pond effluent quality by retaining algae and suspended solids, completing organic matter degradation, and nitrifying the pond effluent in the case of vertical flow and partially removing total nitrogen in the case of horizontal flow. The filtering media size (sand or gravel) was the key parameter for algae retention. The presence of plants did not significantly affect the filter performance. The filtering media size (sand or gravel) was the key parameter for algae retention. The removal of microbial indicators depended mainly on the water retention time in the filter, which in turn depended on the media granulometry and hydraulic load, and on the depth of the filter and the dose volume per batch.
The swine slurry presented high concentrations of suspended solids, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous, with high variability depending. The high ammonia contents interfered with the growth of Phragmites australis, while the high concentration of suspended solids and organic matter also limited the type of subsurface flow constructed wetland to be implemented. The hybrid configuration, which combines vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, had a dual function for simultaneous solid-liquid separation and biological treatment. Removal of organic matter and suspended solids was very high, while the overall nitrogen load removal was around 65%, due to the combined nitrification/denitrification processes. The maximum number of feeding days was a key factor to avoid clogging. Some of the contaminants were retained and mineralised in the surface deposit layer of the vertical flow filter, increasing around 20 cm each year.
Finally, car wash effluent had a high concentration of inorganic suspended solids, very variable concentrations of E. coli and organic matter, low concentrations of nutrients, and the presence of hydrocarbons, fats and oils and non-ionic surfactants. The three technologies evaluated performed very efficiently with respect to turbidity, organic material, and suspended solids. Non-ionic detergents, hydrocarbons, fats and oils were also completely removed, but their concentrations in the influent were already very low. E. coli was also removed to acceptable limits for recycling, with concentrations lower than the limits established in the Royal Decree guidelines for reuse in Spain. The oil and fats contents of the car wash effluents as well as the inorganic suspended solids made pre-treatment necessary in order to avoid media clogging. The low concentrations of nutrients resulted in a slow growth of Phragmites australis especially in horizontal flow constructed wetlands.L'objectiu principal de la tesi és l’estudi de la viabilitat dels aiguamolls construïts amb flux subsuperficial per al tractament d'aigües residuals de diferents orígens (llacunatges, granges de porcs i instal·lacions de rentat de cotxes), i avaluar la influència dels paràmetres de disseny i d’operació en l'eficiència del tractament i el comportament hidràulic. Els estudis experimentals es van realitzar en el marc de diversos projectes de R+D+I nacionals i europeus R+D+I. La viabilitat dels aiguamolls construïts amb flux subsuperficial vertical i/o horitzontal per al tractament dels efluents de sistemes de llacunatges (facultatiu i terciari) es va avaluar en dues plantes de tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes, a Aurignac (França) i a Santa Eugènia (Mallorca, Espanya). Per al tractament de purins es va construir una planta pilot d'aiguamolls de tipus híbrid en una granja situada a Viver i Serrateix (Barcelona, Espanya). Finalment, es va realitzar un estudi de la viabilitat dels aiguamolls construïts de flux vertical i horitzontal per al tractament i reciclatge dels efluents d’instal·lacions de rentat de cotxes en una estació situada a Montfullà (Girona, Espanya), utilitzant un sistema d'infiltració-percolació com a referència. Es va fer el seguiment de la qualitat de l'aigua (paràmetres fisicoquímics i microbiològics) i de la hidràulica d’aquestes tecnologies (control de cabals, velocitats d'infiltració i experiments amb traçadors). La principal conclusió de la tesi és que l'aplicació de diferents configuracions d’aiguamolls construïts de flux subsuperficial per tractar els tres tipus d’aigües residuals estudiades és viable, malgrat que se n'ha d'optimitzar el disseny i l’operació. S'ha constatat que els aiguamolls construïts de flux subsuperficial vertical i horitzontal milloren la qualitat dels efluents de llacunatges, mitjançant la retenció de les algues i dels sòlids suspesos i completant la degradació de la matèria orgànica. La granulometria del medi filtrant és un paràmetre clau per a la retenció d'algues. L'eliminació dels indicadors microbiològics depèn principalment del temps de retenció d'hidràulica, que depèn, alhora, de la granulometria dels filtres, de la profunditat del medi, de la càrrega hidràulica i del fraccionament d’aquesta. Per altra banda, la configuració híbrida d'aiguamolls construïts, que combina flux vertical i horitzontal, presenta uns elevats rendiments d'eliminació de matèria orgànica i sòlids en suspensió dels purins. El nitrogen s'elimina al voltant del 65% gràcies als processos combinats de nitrificació (al filtre vertical) i desnitrificació (a l'horitzontal). L’elevada concentració d'amoníac dels purins va interferir en el creixement de Phragmites australis. Alguns dels contaminants van ser retinguts i mineralitzats i van formar una capa a la superfície del filtre de flux vertical. Aquesta capa ajuda a la depuració augmentant la filtració i els temps de retenció hidràulica, però cal limitar-ne el creixement mitjançant el control de la càrrega orgànica i dels períodes de descans per tal que no es produeixi una disminució massa gran de la infiltració. Finalment, les tres tecnologies avaluades per tractar els efluents de rentat de cotxes van resultar molt eficients pel que fa a la reducció de la terbolesa, de la matèria orgànica i dels sòlids suspesos. Els detergents no iònics, els hidrocarburs, els greixos i els olis també es van eliminar completament, però les seves concentracions en l'influent eren molt baixes. L’eliminació d’E. coli també va resultar elevada, especialment al sistema d’infiltració-percolació i a l'aiguamoll construït de flux vertical, de manera que es van assolir límits de qualitat aptes per al reciclatge. Les baixes concentracions de nutrients van donar com a resultat un creixement lent de Phragmites australis. El contingut d'oli i de greixos d’aquests efluents, així com els sòlids inorgànics en suspensió, fan necessari un pretractament.
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San, Lucas Ceballos Malka Andrea. "Los derechos de los pueblos indígenas ante la explotación petrolera del Yasuní-ITT." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380742.
Full textAbstract:
El Yasuní, és l'àrea protegida més gran de l'Equador continental i una de les zones de major diversitat genètica del planeta. A més, és la llar de diversos pobles indígenes, entre ells pobles en aïllament voluntari. Així mateix, és un espai sotmès a l'extracció petroliera ja que se situa en una zona estratègica per l'Equador en matèria energètica. L'Estat, en el seu afany de satisfer la necessitat energètica i sostenir les finances i l'economia nacional, promou l'aprofitament de recursos naturals no renovables com el petroli, la qual cosa ha implicat no solament degradacions ambientals en tot el país, sinó també afectacions directes als drets dels pobles indígenes, per la coincidència de zones mega diverses i territoris indígenes amb les instal•lacions petrolieres.
En aquest context, el 2007 va sorgir la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, que buscava, entre altres objectius, respectar el territori de les comunitats indígenes que viuen al Yasuní abstenint-se d’explotar les reserves petrolieres del bloc ITT per temps indefinit. No obstant això, aquesta Iniciativa va finalitzar el 2013 al no complir-se amb els objectius econòmics previstos per tal què la seva execució fos viable.
La present tesi explora la relació existent a l’Equador entre explotació petroliera i drets dels pobles indígenes, concretament al Yasuní i més específicament davant la decisió d'explotació del bloc ITT. Mitjançant l'estudi del marc jurídic nacional i internacional dels drets dels pobles indígenes es busca determinar la seva situació jurídica per així establir si l'explotació del ITT posa en risc la seva supervivència física i cultural o interfereix amb els seus drets, tals com el dret a la propietat, a la participació, a la consulta i els drets específics dels pobles en aïllament voluntari. A més de considerar de manera general les implicacions per a la resta dels equatorians.El Yasuní es el área protegida más grande del Ecuador continental y una de las zonas de mayor diversidad genética del planeta. Además, es el hogar de varios pueblos indígenas, entre ellos, pueblos en aislamiento voluntario. Asimismo, es un espacio sometido a la extracción petrolera por encontrarse ubicado en una zona estratégica para el Ecuador en materia energética. El Estado en su afán de satisfacer la necesidad energética y sostener las finanzas y la economía nacional, promueve el aprovechamiento de recursos naturales no renovables como el petróleo, lo que ha implicado no solo degradaciones ambientales en todo el país sino también afectaciones directas a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, por la coincidencia de zonas mega diversas y territorios indígenas con las instalaciones petroleras. En este contexto surgió en 2007 la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, que buscaba entre otros objetivos, respetar el territorio de las comunidades indígenas que viven en el Yasuní mediante la abstención de explotación de las reservas petroleras del bloque ITT por tiempo indefinido. No obstante, dicha Iniciativa finalizó en 2013 al no cumplirse con los objetivos económicos previstos para que su ejecución fuera viable. La presente tesis explora la relación existente en Ecuador entre explotación petrolera y derechos de los pueblos indígenas, concretamente en el Yasuní y más específicamente ante la decisión de explotación del bloque ITT. Mediante el estudio del marco jurídico nacional e internacional de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas se busca determinar su situación jurídica para así establecer si la explotación del ITT pone en riesgo su supervivencia física y cultural o interfiere con sus derechos, tales como el derecho a la propiedad, a la participación, a la consulta y los derechos específicos de los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario. Además de considerar de manera general las implicaciones para el resto de los ecuatorianos también.
Yasuní is the largest protected area of continental Ecuador and one of the world’s greatest genetically diverse areas. It is also home to several indigenous peoples, including those in voluntary isolation. At the same time it is an area subject to oil extraction since it is located in a zone considered strategic for Ecuador’s energy sector. On its effort to meet its energy needs and sustaining its finances and the country’s economy, the State encourages the use of the non-renewable natural resources such as oil, situation that has led not only to environmental degradation all over the country but has also had effects on the rights of indigenous populations, as mega diverse areas and indigenous territories often coincide with oil extraction facilities. It is within this context that in 2007 the Yasuní-ITT Initiative was launched. Among others, one of the objectives of the Initiative was to respect the territories of the indigenous communities that inhabit the Yasuní by leaving the oil reserves in the ITT oil block underground indefinitely. Nevertheless, this Initiative was abandoned in 2013 after not meeting the established economic goals required for its implementation to be feasible. This thesis explores the relationship between oil exploitation and indigenous peoples’ rights in Ecuador, particularly in the Yasuní and more specifically in relation with the decision of exploiting the ITT oil block. By studying the international and national legal frameworks of the rights of indigenous peoples we intend to determine their legal status in order to establish whether the ITT exploitation jeopardizes their physical and cultural survival or interferes with their rights, such as property right, the right to participate, to be consulted and the specific rights of peoples in voluntary isolation. Plus, we will also take into account the general implications for the rest of the Ecuadorians.
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Ng, Choi I.-teng Montserrat. "Solid-phase synthesis of 5-arylhistidine-containing peptides: from linear antimicrobial peptides to cyclic peptides derived from arylomycins and aciculitins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380739.
Full textAbstract:
The incorporation of unsymmetrical biaryl systems into peptide sequences is a strategy that can improve their biological activity. Due to the difficulty of arylating the 4(5}-position of the imidazole ring, this doctoral thesis was focused on the development of efficient methodologies for the solid-phase synthesis of 5-arylhistidine-containing antimicrobial undecapeptides through a Suzuki-Miyaura reaction under microwave irradiation. The extension of this protocol allowed the preparation of biaryl cyclic peptides of different ring sizes bearing a His-Phe or His-Tyr biaryl linkage. Then, it was developed a procedure for the total solid-phase synthesis of biaryl cyclic lipopeptides derived from arylomycins. These strategies were extended to the preparation of biaryl cyclic analogues of the marine bicyclic pptides aciculitins. In particular, it was achieved the synthesis of analogues of the northern and the southern hemispheres of aciculitins as well as biaryl bicyclic peptides incorporating a Phe-Phe, a Phe-Tyr, a His-Tyr or a Tyr-Tyr biaryl bridgeLa incorporació de sistemes biarílics asimiètrics en seqüències peptídiques es considera un enfocament útil per a millorar l'activitat biològica de pèptids. Tenint en compte la dificultat d'arilar la posició 4 (5) de l'anell d'imidazole, aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en el desenvolupament de noves estratègies eficients per a la preparació en fase sòlida d'undecapèptids antimicrobians contenint una 5-arilhistidina a través d'una reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura sota irradiació microones. L'extensió d'aquesta metodologia ha permès la síntesi de pèptids biarílics cíclics de diferents mides que incorporen un enllaç His-Phe 0 His-Tyr. Posteriorment, s'ha desenvolupat un procediment per la síntesi total en fase sòlida de lipopèptids biarílics cíclics derivats de les arilomicines. Les estratègies anteriors s'han estès a la preparació de compostos biarílics anàlegs dels pèptids bicíclics marins aciculitines. Concretament, s'ha preparat anàlegs dels hemisferis nord i sud de las aciculitines així com pèptids biarílics bicíclics que incorporen un pont Phe-Phe, Phe-Tyr, Tyr-His 0 Tyr-Tyr.
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Horra, Pueyo Alfons. "Evidències en teixit adipós d'alteracions gèniques dels vasos limfàtics en l'obesitat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380741.
Full textAbstract:
L’obesitat es caracteritza per una excessiva acumulació de teixit adipós, tant en els seus dipòsits subcutanis com viscerals. Esdeveniments sistèmics i locals tenen lloc en aquesta morbiditat. El drenatge intersticial per part dels vasos limfàtics és una de les modificacions estructurals, que, fins ara, ha estat escassament considerada.
En el nostre estudi hem analitzat l’expressió en teixit adipós de diversos gens relacionats amb la formació dels vasos limfàtics de diferents maneres, per mitjà de l'anàlisi de microarrays i estudis d'expressió gènica RT PCR en diverses cohorts, incloent prims, obesos i pacients amb resistència a la insulina i diabetis mellitus tipus 2. Hem plantejat la hipòtesi que hi hagi diferències associables a les disfuncions metabòliques valorades.
L’anàlisi dels dos gens implicats en l’estructuració dels vasos limfàtics; prox1 i pdpn, ens permet establir un vincle indirecte entre l'obesitat i les modificacions de l'expressió gènica del teixit adipós, tant en l’àmbit subcutani com visceral.
Una major expressió d'ARNm d'ambdós gens s'observa en el teixit adipós visceral en totes les condicions metabòliques estudiades. De la mateixa manera, es descriu una sèrie d'associacions amb variables clíniques, analítiques i d’expressió gènica per part d’aquests dos gens seleccionats, sent el mRNA d’atg7 (autophagy related 7) i d’atg3 (autophagy related 3) els principals determinants de l’expressió de prox1 i pdpn, respectivament.
Arribem a la conclusió que l’alteració hidrodinàmic del interstici podria ser considerada potencialment com un nou element a tenir en compte en el teixit adipós, principalment en les persones obeses. Nous estudis, mecanicistes, estan garantits.La obesidad se caracteriza por una excesiva acumulación de tejido adiposo, tanto a nivel de la localización subcutánea como visceral. Se han descrito alteraciones tanto sistémicas como locales en esta morbilidad. El drenaje intersticial por parte de los vasos linfáticos es una de las modificaciones estructurales, que hasta el momento ha sido escasamente considerada. En nuestro estudio se han analizado la expresión en tejido adiposo de diversos genes relacionados con la formación de los vasos linfáticos utilizando diversas estrategias, mediante análisis de expresión utilizando microarrays y por estudios de expresión génica RT-PCR en diversas cohortes, incluyendo delgados, obesos i pacientes con resistencia a la insulina y diabetes mellitus. Hemos planteado la hipótesis de que existan diferencias asociadas a las alteraciones metabólicas valoradas. El análisis de los dos genes implicados en la estructuración de los vasos linfáticos; prox1 y pdpn, nos ha permitido establecer vínculos indirectos entre la obesidad y las modificaciones de la expresión génica del tejido adiposo, tanto a nivel subcutáneo como visceral. Una mayor expresión de ARNm de ambos genes se observa en el tejido adiposo visceral en todas las condiciones metabólicas estudiadas. De la misma manera, se describen una serie de asociaciones con variables clínicas, analíticas y de expresión génica por parte de estos dos genes seleccionados, siendo el ARNm de atg7 (autophagy related 7) y de atg3 (autophagy related 3) los principales determinantes de la expresión de prox1 i pdpn respectivamente. Concluimos que la alteración hidrodinámica del intersticio podría ser considerada, potencialmente, como un nuevo elemento a considerar en el tejido adiposo, principalmente en las personas obesas. Nuevos estudios relacionados con los mecanismos de dichas alteraciones serán necesarios en el futuro.
Obesity is characterized by an excessive adipose tissue accumulation both in subcutaneous and visceral depots. Systemic and local events, take part in this morbidity. Interstitial drainage by lymphatic vessel in adipose tissue is one of the structural modifications, that has been scarcely considered up to now. In our study we have screened adipose tissue expression of several genes linked with lymphatic vessels in different ways, by means of microarray analyses and RT PCR gene expression studies in several cohorts, including lean, obese and patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have hypothesized that differences could be found considering the diverse metabolic dysfunctions mentioned above. Joined analysis of the two main genes involved in the lymphatic context; prox1 and pdpn, allows us to establish an indirect link between obesity and modifications of the adipose tissue gene expression, both in subcutaneous and visceral fat. A higher mRNA expression of both genes, is observed in visceral fat in all of the studied metabolic conditions. Likewise, we describe a number of associations with clinical, analytical and gene expression variables regarding these two selected genes, being the autophagy related 7 (atg7) and autophagy related 3 (atg3) mRNA gene expression the main determinants of prox1 and pdn expression in adipose tissue, respectively. We conclude that hydrodynamic dysfunction could be considered as a new potential player in adipose tissue mainly in obese people. New mechanistic studies are guaranteed.
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Dimitriadis, Caterina. "Towards the implementation of ecosystem management: a multi-level assessment of a small scale Mediterranean multi-specific fishery." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380743.
Full textAbstract:
Fisheries are complex systems, in which the process of assessment and management should explicitly consider the ecological, social and economic attributes of the system. For a responsible and sustainable management of marine resources and their interaction with the fishing activity, both, managers and scientists, are necessary. The multidimensional view of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM:) provides the most suitable context for managing small-scale fisheries, promoting-the participation of all members of society linked to the fishing activity, as co-management is a key factor in their development. In Catalonia, the fishermen guild of the port of Palam6s is one of the most important in the region of Baix Emporda and holds ample historical record of local fishing activity information. This PhD dissertation applies the information from the fishermen guild of the port of Palam6s, through a vision of EAFM:, considering fisheries as a socio-economic unit (systemic approach), but also as different ecosystem components representing different levels of the hierarchy on the biological organization (communities and individual species). From a systemic context, the use of the Living Planet Index (LPI) is proposed to describe the fishe:r:y dynamics in order to assess the performance of the fishery targeted by the fishermen guild of Palam6s, analyzing simultaneously the degree of compliance with the objectives of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The LPI index is suitable for multi-specific fisheries using different fishing strategies as the smallscale fisheries of the Palam6s port. At the level of the biological communities and through a network approach, potential management units were identified based on the analysis of by-catch, thus incorporating non-target species. According to the characteristics of each module, at least some of these could be considered management units not evident using a different approach. Finally, the effects of SSF were evaluated on a commercial interest species, Pagellus erythrinus. In that sense, it has been re-evaluated the reproductive cycle by means of an histological approach, various population parameters were estimated and the vulnerability of this species in relation to the activities of SSF was evaluated, in an attempt to show a practical application of the third hierarchical management level, that must be considered in an ecosystem approach to fisheries on the biological strategy of the species, since species individually, respond differently to different types of fishing pressure and any management carried out considering all the species as a whole, would probably fail.Les pesqueres constitueixen sistemes complexos, en el quals el procés d'avaluació i gestió hauria de considerar explícitament els atributs ecològics, socials i econòmics del sistema. Per aconseguir una gestió responsable i sostenible del recursos marins és necessària la interacció de pescadors, gestors i científics. La visió multi-dimensional de l'Enfocament Ecosistémic de la Pesca (EEP) proporciona el context general més adequat per a la gestió de pesqueres a petita escala. El EEP promou la participació de tots els membres de la sacietat relacionats amb l'activitat pesquera, i per tant la cogestió és un element clau per al seu desenvolupament. A Catalunya, la Confraria del port de Palamós és una de les més importants de la regió del Baix Empordà i compta amb un ampli registre històric d' informació pesquera local. En aquesta tesi s'avalua com maximitzar l'ús de la informació provinent de la Confraria del part de Palamós, a través d'una visió d' EEP considerant a la pesquera com una unitat socioeconòmica (enfocament sistèmic) però també considerant els diferents components de l'ecosistema, representant diferents nivells de la jerarquia de l'organització biològica (com u ni ta ts i espècies individuals). En un context sistèmic, es proposa l'ús de l'Índex Planeta Viu (LPI per les seves sigles en anglès) per descriure la dinàmica pesquera, de Palamós, simultàniament analitzant el grau d'acompliment dels objectius d'Aichi Biodiversitat. Aquest índex, és adequat per pesqueres multi-específiques que fan servir diverses estratègies de pesca, com és el cas la pesca artesanal de Palamós. A nivell de comunitats biològiques, i través d'un enfocament de xarxes es van identificar possibles unitats de gestió, partint de l'anàlisi del descart, i incorporant d'aquesta manera les espècies no objectiu. D'acord a les característiques de cada mòdul, alguns podrien ser considerats com a unitats de gestió, fins ara no evidents com a tals eines de gestió. Finalment es van avaluar els efectes de la pesca a petita escala sobre una espècie d'interès comercial, Pagellus erythrinus. En aquest sentit, es va revaluar el cicle reproductiu a través d'una anàlisi histològica, es van estimar diversos paràmetres poblacionals i es va avaluar la vulnerabilitat d'aquesta espècie en relació a les activitats de la pesca artesanal. Aquest exemple pretén demostrar que l'estratègia biològica de l'espècie, és el tercer nivell jeràrquic que cal tenir present en un enfoc ecosistèmic de la pesca, atès que les espècies, individualment, responen de manera diferent als diferents tipus de pesca i a la pressió, i qualsevol gestió que es van estimar diversos paràmetres poblacionals i es va avaluar la vulnerabilitat d'aquesta espècie en relació a les activitats de la pesca artesanal. Aquest exemple pretén demostrar que l'estratègia biològica de l'espècie, és el tercer nivell jeràrquic que cal tenir present en un enfoc ecosistèmic de la pesca, atès que les espècies, individualment, responen de manera diferent als diferents tipus de pesca i a la pressió, i qualsevol gestió que es dugui a terme considerant les espècies com un conjunt, fracassarà.
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Monné, Alexandra. "Factors psicosocials implicats en la construcció de la identitat nacional: un estudi empíric en el context del Principat d'Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380744.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines national identity in order to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying social and cultural nature of its
construction. The study presented here aims to describe in greater detail and depth as knowledge and attitudes, the curriculum and language, among other factors relate to national identities and attitudes. The empirical study takes place in the context of the Principality of Andorra where coexist several languages besides characterized by having different educational styles. National identity,, like many other identities depends on the context in which it is expressed and experienced and that is why we think that should be treated from a psychosocial perspective. Analysis and understanding of the factors involved in the construction of national identity, can help to clarify the nature of psychological theories and social challenges face greater guarantees of capital importance such as the maintenance of social cohesion.En aquesta tesi s'analitza la identitat nacional amb l'objectiu de comprendre'n els mecanismes psicològics de naturalesa social i cultural subjacents a la seva construcció. L'estudi té l'objectiu de descriure amb major deta.11 i profunditat com el coneixement i les actituds, el currículum escolar i la llengua, entre altres factors, es relacionen amb les identificacions i actituds nacionals. L'estudi empíric té lloc en el context del' Principat d'Andorra on hi.conviuen diferents llengües, a més de caracteritzar-se per disposar de diferents estils educatius. La identitat nacional, com moltes altres identitats, depèn del context en què s'expressa i s'experimenta i és per això, pensem, que s'ha de tractar des d'una perspectiva psicosocial. L'anàlisi i comprensió dels factors implicats en la construcció de la identitat nacional pot contribuir a aclarir la naturalesa de teories psicològiques, així com afrontar amb majors garanties reptes socials de capital importància com són el manteniment de la cohesió social.
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Pino, León Manuel. "Anamorfosis y artificios perspectivos en la Península Ibérica entre los siglos XVI y XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380740.
Full textAbstract:
Con el nombre “anamorfosis” se conoce un artificio perspectivo, pensado para ser contemplado desde un lugar concreto, que da la impresión de presentar una imagen real pero que en realidad no existe como tal, sino que es una especie de ilusión óptica. Utilizado actualmente como curiosidad o reclamo publicitario en algunos recintos al aire libre (estadios de fútbol, canchas de baloncesto), este juego óptico es tan antiguo como la propia perspectiva. Se relaciona con otros como la cuadratura, arquitecturas pintadas en trampantojo que parecen continuar el espacio real al ser vistas desde cierto lugar; también la escenografía teatral barroca utilizaría esta clase de recursos ilusionistas. Cuando el punto de vista es el correcto, estas imágenes son tan reales que parecen flotar en el espacio y crean la duda sobre lo que es real o lo que es pintado.
El estudio de las anamorfosis es un tema arriesgado, pues esa espectacularidad puede hacer que un trabajo como éste se quede en la superficie, deslumbrado por la vistosidad del asunto. Lo que nos proponemos aquí no es tanto hacer un muestrario de curiosidades visuales como explorar el papel que este tipo de artificios tuvo ya desde el mismo origen de la perspectiva cónica, a principios del siglo XV.
Para ello empezaremos con un apartado de contextualización, en el que se intentará hacer un catálogo de la mayoría de los autores europeos que plantearon estas cuestiones. Además se incluyen referencias extraídas de textos sobre teoría del arte y la literatura, que nos aportarán pistas sobre el trasfondo social, cultural, científico, artístico y filosófico en el que se produjeron en estas obras. Para finalizar este bloque inicial, incluiremos un resumen sistemático de las posibles clasificaciones de las anamorfosis, tanto por lo que hace a su método de trazado como por la temática.
El segundo bloque, que es el fundamental de la tesis, analiza los textos de los siglos XVI al XVIII, escritos en castellano o portugués, que tratan de lo que hoy en día conocemos como anamorfosis o de cuadratura. Entre ellos se incluyen tratados de pintura, arquitectura o matemáticas, aunque también se han estudiados algunas cartillas de dibujo y un cuaderno de artista (el “Cuaderno italiano” de Goya).
Finalmente, se ha incluido un apartado sobre referencias a la anamorfosis en fuentes literarias. Aunque se nos había planteado la duda de hasta qué punto tenía sentido incluir aquí estos contenidos, pero las menciones literarias (novelas, obras teatrales o poemas) no dejan de ser referencias escritas que aportan información sobre el aspecto, origen, difusión e intencionalidad que este tipo de artificio tuvieron durante el periodo que nos interesa.
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Bonafont, Pujol Xavier. "Variabilitat dels nivells d’hemoglobina en pacients tractats amb agents estimulants de l’eritropoesi en pre-diàlisi." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380737.
Full textAbstract:
Amb la participació de l'Hospital Germans Tries i PujolLa variabilidad de los niveles de hemoglobina (Hb) está relacionada con la mortalidad y la morbilidad en los pacientes en hemodiálisis tratados con agentes estimulantes de la eritropoyesis (AEE). La evidencia científica sobre los efectos de la variabilidad de Hb en los pacientes en prediálisis tratados con AEE es escasa e incompleta. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar la influencia de la variabilidad de los niveles Hb con la mortalidad y la morbilidad de los pacientes. Los objetivos secundarios son: determinar la correlación de los métodos de determinación de la variabilidad (desviación estándar (DE) de Hb, desviación estándar residual (DE residual) de Hb, niveles fuera del objetivo de Hb 10-12,5g/dL), la influencia de las variables demográficas, hematológicas, bioquímicas, farmacológicas y de la comorbilidad con la variabilidad. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en el Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol que incluyó 229 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica tratados con AEE en prediálisis. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: pacientes con cambios de tratamiento durante 6 meses previos, estadios I y II, trasplante renal, talasemia, déficit de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa y pacientes con menos de 3 determinaciones de Hb. El periodo de observación fue de 18 meses. RESULTADOS: De los 229 pacientes, 109 eran mujeres (47,6%), con una edad media de 70,44 años (25-94) y un IMC de 28,29Kg/m2 (16,40-46,86).El 34% tenía un estadio III, el 52% estadio IV y el 14% estadio V. Veintitrés pacientes se trataron con eritropoyetina beta,149 con darbepoetina alfa y 57 con CERA. Solo el 24% y el 29,3% de los pacientes mantuvieron 4 ó 3 determinaciones de Hb en el objetivo. Los métodos para determinar la variabilidad se correlacionaron entre sí (p=0,000). No se pudo demostrar su influencia sobre la mortalidad (p=0,569). Se obtuvo un incremento de los índices de hospitalización (p=0,05) y del número de días de estancia (5 días aproximadamente). El deterioro de la función renal también fue mayor en los pacientes con mayor variabilidad (p=0,05). Los niveles séricos de calcio DE, urato DE, fibrinógeno, albúmina y ferritina se relacionaron con la variabilidad (p≤0,05). El intervalo prolongado de administración de los AEE se relacionó con una menor variabilidad (p=0,001). La administración concomitante de IECA, antirretrovirales y citostáticos aumentó la variabilidad (p≤0,05). Solo la enfermedad cerebro vascular, las hemorragias y las transfusiones afectaron la variabilidad (p≤0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La variabilidad de Hb aumenta la morbilidad de los pacientes tratados con AEE en prediálisis (hospitalización y deterioro renal). La pauta de los AEE y cierta medicación concomitante puede afectar la variabilidad de los niveles de Hb.
Hemoglobin (Hb) variability is related with mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietic agents (EA). Evidence of possible effects of Hb variability in pre-dialysis patients is scarce and incomplete. Objectives: The primary endpoint of this study is to determine the influence of Hb variability with mortality and morbidity of patients. Secondary endpoints are to determine the correlation of methods used to determine Hb variability (Hb standard deviation (SD), Hb residual SD, Hb levels out target 10-12,5g/dL) and the influence of demographic, biochemistry, hematological, and pharmacological variables and co morbidities over Hb variability. Methods: This observational and prospective study carried out in University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (Badalona, Spain) included 229 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients treated with EA in pre-dialysis. Exclusion criteria were: patients with any change in EA treatment during previous 6 months, CKD stages I and II, renal transplantation, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and patients with less than 3 Hb determinations. Observation period was 18 months. Results: Out 229, 109 (47,6%) were females, with 70.44 years of median age (range 25-94),median BMI of 28.29 kg/m2(range 16.40-46.86), with 34% , 52% and 14% of CKD stages III, IV and V respectively.23 patients were treated with EPO beta, 149 with darbepoetina alpha and 57 with CERA. Only 24% and 29.3% of patients achieved 4 or 3 Hb determinations on target (10-12,5g/dL). Methods for Hb variability determination were correlated (p=0.000). No Hb variability correlation with mortality were found (p=0.569. An increase of hospitalization rate was obtained (p=0.05) and with a longer inpatient stay (5 days). Also renal function decline was higher in patients with high Hb variability (p=0.05). Plasma levels of calcium SD, urate SD, fibrinogen, albumin and ferritin were correlated with Hb variability (p≤0.05). More prolonged EA administration were related with less Hb variability ( p=0.001) and concomitant administration of ACEI, antiretrovirals and cytostatics increase Hb variability (p≤0.05). Only cerebral vascular disease, bleeding and transfusions were affected Hb variability (p≤0.05). Conclusions: In pre-dyalisis EA treated patients, high Hb variability increase morbidity (hospitalization and renal function decline). Therapeutic regime of EA and concomitant medication as ACEI, antiretrovirals and cytostatics may affect Hb variability.
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Vázquez, Fernández Iago. "Aprendizaje histórico en gestión de bienes comunales: los pastos en Cantabria (España)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380745.
Full textAbstract:
Los montes de Cantabria albergan bienes comunales de indudable valor económico para las poblaciones rurales, uno lo suministra el bosque, es la leña que se emplea para proveer de fuego y calor a los hogares; otro son los pastos, recursos forrajeros para la alimentación del ganado doméstico. De ambos vienen disponiendo consuetudinariamente los vecinos vinculados a ayuntamientos o juntas vecinales titulares de los montes, lo que popularmente se conoce como el derecho a pastos y leñas. Esta investigación trata sobre los primeros, los denominados pastos comunales, ante la constatación de una progresiva degradación del recurso con graves repercusiones económicas, pero también ambientales, debido a su consideración de hábitats de interés para la conservación a nivel europeo y su localización preferente en espacios naturales protegidos. Tras constatar la dificultad que implica la transferencia de propuestas de mejora, aun sometiéndolas a procesos participativos, se avanza un enfoque metodológico innovador que permita incorporar a la planificación la experiencia histórica de gestión de las poblaciones locales. Con ello se contribuye a formular criterios de gestión coherentes no solo con la naturaleza semi-natural de los pastos, creada y reproducida secularmente por la acción del hombre y el ganado, sino también con los usos y costumbres de la población arraigada en el territorio, hacia quienes es fácil transferir prácticas que perciben como propias.The mountains of Cantabria include Commons of undoubted economic value for the rural population, one of which is provided by the forest, being the firewood that is used to heat the homes; another is the pastures to feed the domestic livestock. Both have been used by customary right by the residents in the municipalities or parishes which are the titleholders of the land. This research concerns the former, those known as common pastures, due to progressive degradation of the resource with serious economic repercussions, and also environmental consequences, as a result of their status as habitats of interest for conservation at a European level, and their location mainly in protected areas. After recognizing the difficulty of the transmission of proposals for improvement, even when they are submitted to participatory processes, an innovative methodological approach has been started, which allows the inclusion in the planning of the historical experience of management of the local population. In this way a contribution is made both to the planning, coherent with the semi-natural nature of the pastures, created and maintained for centuries by the action of man and livestock, and also in accordance with the traditional uses of the local population, to whom it is easy to transmit practices which they perceive as their own.
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Wilson, Kieron. "Emerging Out of Graffiti Into the Gallery." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380708.
Full textAbstract:
This exegesis develops and applies strategies for how my practice emerging out of the
tradition of graffiti in contemporary Australia can maintain its criticality in a gallery
context crossing over from the street to mainstream Visual Art practice. This exegesis
gives an account of graffiti as a criminal act deliberating the implications of the
aesthetics and the intrinsic principal of graffiti being corrupted by the mainstream.
The exegesis gives an analysis of graffiti as a skill different to art making, and looks
at the cultural background of the marginal graffiti practitioner.
In this investigation, the aim is to assess the corrupters of graffiti that are embedded in
laneways, media, industrialization and the gallery. In this exegesis, I attempt to
defend transgressing from graffiti into the gallery as a better option of losing
criticality, to gain indiscretion in my practice. This study considers the effect of
laneways, describing how they exclude graffiti by usurping public space from the
marginal, and how media reproductive capabilities can be deceptive in the
commodification of graffiti aesthetics through industrialized art and design.
The purpose of research into forms of corruption in graffiti is to create a range of
counter strategies that utilize a historical resistance and subvert the supposed rules
and terms of graffiti. Using the proposition of Australian Bushmen artists of the
Heidelberg School ‘9 by 5’ impressionist exhibition format informs my practice of
making work that is cheaper, quicker and less elitist.
Utilizing techniques associated with the critical reception of the ‘9 by 5’ exhibition
such as the loose unfinished look of their paintings, provides a method of how to
examine ways to connect Visual Art and graffiti that maintain an authentic, less
incriminating perception of graffiti to be displayed. The proposed new methodology
uses graffiti’s form in context of it’s aesthetics with those of outmoded visual art
practices such as, ceramics and watercolours, combined with contemporary forms of graffiti subjects in the landscape.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Visual Arts (MVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Candy, Elise. "Attention bias to threat in mothers with emotional disorders predicts increased offspring anxiety symptoms: A joint cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380709.
Full textAbstract:
Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and disabling emotional disorders. While a number of risk factors have been identified, the exposure of children to their parent’s cognitive biases is a possible mechanism through which risk can be conferred. Attentional biases towards negative information are one such cognitive mechanism which has been well-established as distinct in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders. Perhaps then, the increased risk of experiencing anxiety and depression in the offspring of parents with a history of emotional disorders may be attributed to the transmission of such dysfunctional attentional biases from parents to their children. As such, children of parents with emotional disorders may be “cognitive vulnerable” to developing mood and anxiety disorders throughout their lifetime.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between the attentional biases of mothers with and without a history of emotional disorders, and the attentional biases of their non-disordered children, both across time and between the two distinct groups. Further, the study aims to investigate the relationship between both maternal and child attentional biases, and the development of anxious symptomology across 12 months in children at “high risk” or “low risk” for developing anxiety or mood disorders, based on their mother’s diagnostic status.
The first chapter of this paper provides a summary of the major literature in this area. The research is reviewed firstly with respect to general aspects of emotional disorders and their risk factors as background and context for the current study. Then literature is reviewed that relates specifically to the hypotheses and methods used in the current study on the relationship between maternal attentional biases, their offspring’s attentional biases, and offspring anxious symptomology for a sample of mothers with emotional disorders and their children (high risk) in comparison to those of never-disordered mothers and their children (low risk).
The second chapter of this study is a complete journal article manuscript, including methodology, results and interpretations of the research findings. The following manuscript’s style and formatting is aimed for submission to the Depression and Anxiety journal.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Thorning, Peter James. "Community Knowledge and Use of the National Pollutant Inventory." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380711.
Full textAbstract:
Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) have been established in many
countries on the basis, at least partially, that community awareness will lead to pressure
on polluters to reduce their emissions. In Australia, the National Pollutant Inventory
(NPI) was established to fulfil this role amongst others. The success of the NPI depends
on the extent of engagement that the general population and pro-environment
community groups have with the program. This research aims to determine the extent of
knowledge and use of the NPI that exists in the community, and to identify whether
barriers exist which indicate a need to restructure aspects of the program to overcome
these barriers.
Surveys were conducted of the general population in Queensland, using a mail-out
questionnaire with randomly selected participants, and pro-environment community
groups in Australia, using a mail-out survey with purposeful selection of participants, to
obtain information about the knowledge and use of the NPI and to identify barriers to
that knowledge and use. Data was analysed from 609 completed general population
surveys, 78 completed pro-environment community group surveys completed in 2007
and the results compared to 47 pro-environment community group surveys from a
survey that had previously been conducted in 2001.
It was determined that almost 23% of the general population have sufficient awareness
to be able to obtain information from the NPI website should they wish to do so. Lower
levels of specific knowledge were found, which was comparable to previous studies.
These results were also similar to studies of community knowledge of the Toxics
Release Inventory (TRI) in the United States. The level of awareness of the NPI among
green groups (that is, nature conservation focussed environment groups) was
determined to be just over 51% and the awareness among brown groups (that is,
industrial or pollution focussed environment groups) was determined to be almost 76%.
The general population carried out limited searches of the website and made limited use
of the available information. Members of brown groups were most active in accessing
the information and then making use of it, although even among this group use of the
information was limited.
The main barrier to knowledge and use of the NPI was lack of promotion and awareness
raising activities. This has significant implications for the program, identifying a need to
establish an effective communication strategy that promotes the NPI website and encourages active participation.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Science (MSc)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Barnes, Margaret. "Becoming a midwife : a case study of a women-centred midwifery curriculum." Thesis, Griffith University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380712.
Full textAbstract:
Midwifery education is in transition in Australia. Courses are being implemented in the university sector at a time when there is increasing debate and concern over the provision of maternity services. The idea of women-centred midwifery practice is developing as a guiding philosophy for midwifery, in order to focus the activities of midwifery practice on the needs of the childbearing woman. In response to these issues in midwifery, the Graduate Diploma Of Midwifery (Griffith University) was developed and implemented with an underpinning philosophy of women-centred practice and a commitment to teaching and learning approaches which emphasised self-direction, reflection and the idea of praxis. This research project has sought to under students' experiences of learning midwifery. In doing so, particulars of the curriculum are evaluated. The research approach draws on a feminist theoretical underpinning and uses processes and approaches congruent with qualitative evaluation.
The findings of this research are expressed in terms of students' experience of learning midwifery in this program but reflect broader concerns of the profession. These broader concerns include the potential of the relationship between woman and midwife and the issues of power in the progression. These issues have an impact on students' impressions of midwifery and their ability to interact with the midwifery community in the process of learning. The findings in relation to what helps students learn midwifery point to a different perception of clinical learning and have significance for developments of relationships between university and clinical agencies.
The findings of the study will contribute to midwifery knowledge as new insights, particularly in relation to the midwifery relationship and professional issues, are drawn. In considering the students experiences, professional concerns and the identified needs of childbearing woman, a theoretical framework for midwifery education is proposed. This theoretical framework has significance for the profession as it is applicable at the level of curriculum development, course planning or development of learning activities, and importantly, it contributes to knowledge in area of midwifery as a beginning theory of midwifery education.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health and Behavioural Sc.
Griffith Health
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Tiani, E. "LA CONFISCA DI PREVENZIONE E L'AMMINISTRAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA DI COMPLESSI AZIENDALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/380737.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to examine the prevention measures set against criminal and Mafia organizations and their economic expressions in the Italian system.
When Mafia acts like an economic operator or business it is necessary to neutralize its power and the consequent negative effects on the legal society and market.
In recent years, the Legislator is realizing that the best way to reach prevention is to attack the illegal properties of Mafia and remove the basis for their development.
It is possible to use the same negative prevention measures (preventive seizure, confiscation and legal administration – articles 20, 24 and 34 D.lgs. nr. 159/2011) like instruments to reach positive prevention through a rehabilitation procedure for criminal companies and their re-integration to the legal marketplace.
That action could create huge benefits for the people in terms of legality perception, welfare, employment, legal and free competition, etc. and promote an economic upturn of the legal business system.
Despite this, our positive prevention model does not currently work whenever prevention measures are directed to the assets of companies. Confiscated companies very often collapse and default.
Therefore our research investigates about the causes of this failure and, at the same time, looks for the factors that led to success in rare cases of restored companies.
The job also analyses the latest works and studies on reform carried out by specialized commissions (led by Garofoli, Fiandaca, Bindi and Gratteri) and under ongoing discussion in Parliament with bills nr. 2134/2015, 1687/2014 and 1138/2013: they all seem to dedicate greater importance to the positive prevention policies.
At the end, the results of the research allow the Author to propose some considerations in a future perspective about the renovation of the system of prevention against Mafia companies.
The real goal of any effective prevention should be to develop the clout of recovered companies to improve the welfare of society and market.
In order to do that, State should attack Mafia companies as dynamic and dangerous subject and not consider them as a collection of goods: the danger is connected to how they are managed by criminal people.
Further to that, we might also conceive the prevention system to directly attack the companies as autonomous from their Mafia-connected owners.
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SCAPUZZO, A. SCIRE'. "IL REATO INFORMATICO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/380732.
Full textAbstract:
L’ambito d’indagine di questo lavoro attiene al diritto penale dell’informatica.
Si propone infatti un’analisi ragionata delle teorie e prassi sviluppatesi, in tempi recenti, con riferimento alla tutela dei diritti della persona, alla luce delle profonde innovazioni che ha portato con sé l’aumento esponenziale di tecnologia e automazione nel vivere quotidiano di ciascuno di noi. Entro tale perimetro, si inizia approfondendo in linea teorica i principali beni giuridici ascrivibili all’essere umano nel mondo digitale, poi affrontando diacronicamente sia l’evoluzione dell’informatica che quella del diritto penale che la governa (Capitolo Primo).
Fissati in questo senso sia gli obiettivi che le linee d’indagine, si passa allora al dettagliato esame dei c.d. “reati informatici in senso stretto”, cioè delle previsioni che il Legislatore ha introdotto nell’ordinamento a fronte del dilagante fenomeno dei crimini in materia tecnologica, dando conto della loro applicazione giurisprudenziale lungo l’ultimo decennio (Capitolo Secondo).
Con la medesima cadenza strutturale sono in seguito passati in rassegna anche i c.d. “reati informatici in senso ampio”, categoria che raggruppa numerose fattispecie tradizionali, divenute rilevanti in ambito tecnologico sia per l’espansione naturale dei beni giuridici ivi tutelati, sia a causa della sostanziale inerzia in cui è caduto il Legislatore, non proponendone una rivisitazione alla luce delle novità e delle criticità presentate dal ciberspazio (Capitolo Terzo).
In conclusione, si propone al lettore una nuova e diversa visione del tema “reato informatico”, partendo da un concetto – quello di Io digitale – costruito con finalità sistematiche: si può allora valutare in quest’ottica l’adeguatezza degli strumenti di cui dispone, oggi, il diritto penale, nonché l’uso che ne viene fatto.
Al termine dell’analisi, si propongono al lettore alcuni profili di possibile adeguamento della normativa codicistica, nel rispetto dei principi fondanti della materia penale (Capitolo Quarto).This work aims at evaluating the criminal-law approach to the digital age. Between the analysis of the theoretical constructs provided by the best Italian doctrine and the jurisprudential application of the law, we try to understand if everyone’s fundamental rights are protected by today’s complex criminal system, in light of the profound innovations that tecnology has brought to the society. First of all, we take on a sweeping journey of the basic legal interests that anyone is entitled to in the digital world (personal identity, honour, privacy and freedom), along with a historic view of the evolution both of computer science and computer crimes. On these basis, we proceed to examine both the “strictly cyber-related” provisions, or laws that have been enacted specifically for computer-related crimes, and the “wider cyber-related” rules, that have seen themselves applied to computer-related crimes, although they never received an update to better comply with the so-called digital age. The research conduct us to depict a clearer view of how today’s computer-related provisions oversee and protect people in the technological world: looking through a different point of view (the so-called “Digital Self”) it emerges that the criminal system should update itself as soon as possibile, by systematically enhancing its set of rules as well as by providing the judge with more specific provisions. This approach is ultimately the only option to adequately protect anyone’s Digital Self, without violating the fundamental principles of criminal law.
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Walls, G. A. "A study of cellular heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance in cultures of human lung cancer." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380720.
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Carmona, J. J. C. "Towards effective support of optimization modelling : Contribution to a key area in the transformation of the use of mathematical programming." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380726.
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Cottam, A. N. "Studies of mutations affecting a high-affinity methionine transport system of Salmonella typhimurium." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380753.
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Chilton, J. C. "An investigation of the elastic behaviour of the 'CUBIC' space frame." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380744.
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Ferreira, V. C. S. "Flow patterns inside a turbine type flowmeter." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380749.
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Burnett, P. J. "A study of the effect of age and growth traits on the attainment of puberty and subsequent reproduction performance in gilts given boar stimulation with or without PMSG + HCG." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380712.
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Hampson, C. A. "A matrix isolation study of the reactions of metal atoms and small metallic clusters." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380721.
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Coulson, I. M. "The effect of temperature on the properties of permanent magnet alloys of the NdFeBCo system." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380706.
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Common, A. E. "Some effects of electrolytes on deformation behaviour in clays." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380714.
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Oldfield, C. "The behaviour of enzymes in water-in-oil microemulsion systems." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380705.
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Eglington, T. I. "An investigation of kerogens using pyrolysis methods." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380730.
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Al-Ali, S. A. "Technology transfer : The problem of dependance in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380731.
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Shaw, P. J. "Neurological and neurophysiological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380746.
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Millar, N. S. "Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of Newcastle disease virus." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380750.
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Al-Zahawi, B. A. T. "Steady-state analysis of the static Kramer drive with alternative recovery systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380751.
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Wood, S. E. "The monitoring and identification of Saprolegnia parasitica and its infection of salmonid fish." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380752.
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Eccles, M. "A prospective study of the effects of frequent infection on the energy metabolism of Gambian infants." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380747.
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Lawrence, C. E. "The regeneration of articular tissues." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380722.
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Changes in the structural organization of cartilage and synovial tissue, or in the macromolecules produced by their cells, alter the properties of the tissues. Elucidation of the changes under controlled experimental conditions could make a significant contribution to the understanding of the pathogenesis of arthritis. To this end a model system has been developed to study proteoglycan and collagen regeneration in porcine articular cartilage and synovial tissue: partially depleted of matrix by exogenous enzyme(s), the tissues were maintained in organ culture, the medium consisting of Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium and 15% rabbit serum, and the responses of the chondrocytes and synoviocytes studied biochemically and histologically. Cleavage of proteoglycan core protein in cartilage explants by trypsin, equivalent to the disruption occurring in joint inflammation, induced glycosaminoglycan synthesis. The chondrocytes, particularly of the mid and hypertrophic zones, acquiring a basophilic territorial matrix and eventually an interterritorial matrix, which replaced the ex vivo material. Further damage to collagen by bacterial collagenase induced collagen synthesis, and enhanced glycosaminoglycan synthesis, but hyaluronic acid disruption proved partially inhibitory to recovery, the interterritorial matrix being less basophilic than comparable trypsinized explants. ³⁵SO₄ uptake by depleted explants showed a similar but sustained rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesis compared with untreated explants. The effects of corticosteroids, currently used for the temporary palliation of joint inflammation, on the regeneration processes were studied. The hydrolytic potential of the cultures and the frequency of medium changes had a profound effect on biologically active cortisol levels when cortisol succinate was present. Lower than physiological levels of cortisol (≤2.76 x 10^-7M) promoted glycosaminoglycan synthesis in all disrupted explants except those with cleaved hyaluronic acid chains. During the later stages of culture, in the presence of cortisol, (≤2.76 x 10-7M), the interterritorial glycosaminoglycan concentration increased. Whether collagen fibres were disrupted or not, collagen synthesis was evident, although with pharmacological concentrations of steroid (≤2.76 x 10^-6 M) all synthetic processes were increasingly inhibited. Exogenous trypsin induced extensive resorption of collagen fibres in minced synovial tissue, probably by activation of synovial collagenase. The destruction was partially reduced with trypsin inhibitor or cortisol. In areas of degradation macrophage-like cells accumulated but with early removal of trypsin, despite loss of collagen, fibroblast-like cells accumulated at the base of the explants with synthesized pericellular collagen evident. Collagen release into the medium was measured by an improved hydroxyproline assay designed to reduce interference from serum proteins. Although physiological doses of cortisol (≤2.76 x 10-7 M) enhanced collagen synthesis by, and the development of, the fibroblastic cells, extensive tissue repair was not observed, merely the formation of a cell population in the Millipore membrane. This model of tissue regeneration, remodelling and repair leads to the conclusion that within the arthritic joint the chondrocyte has the potential to rapidly attempt to repair damaged matrix, the extent of synthesis being proportional to the extent and type of matrix disruption. The chondrocyte responds by synthesizing glycosaminoglycans, that aggregate within the matrix, and collagen, with cortisol, at below physiological concentrations, enhancing this regeneration. Synovial tissue did not recover from disruption although the synoviocytes, on reversion to fibroblast-like cells, accumulated new collagen.
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Macindoe, L. A. "Preparation and charecterisation of novel complexes of various mono- and di-acetylenes with transition metals." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380717.
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Hartshorne, A. W. "The characterisation of single fibres in forensic science by microspectrophotometry." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380723.
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Liddell, I. T. "Thermoluminescence of single crystal of calcium and zinc sulphide." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380742.
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Priestley, J. G. "Moral education and religious story : An essay in support of Whitehead's contention that the essence of education is that it be religious." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380716.
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Latham, C. D. "Conduction electron interactions in sodium and potassium studied by magnetic resonance techniques." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380738.
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Conduction electron interactions in sodium and potassium studied by magnetic resonance techniques Christopher D. Latham Department of Physics, Stocker Road, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK. Abstract Pure sodium consists of a mixture of body centred cubic (BCC) and hexagonal close packed (HCP) crystals at low temperatures and these two phases exhibit subtly di?erent many body e?ects despite their almost identical conduction electron densities. This thesis represents a ?rst attempt to unravel the di?erences in the values of the many body parameters which characterize the description of the two phases in terms of the Fermi liquid theory. Fresh theoretical estimates of several many body parameters are presented and shortcomings in earlier theoretical work are highlighted. It has been found that the cause of these e?ects can be attributed to the di?erent and anisotropic phonon spectra in the two crystal phases. This has little e?ect on the lowest order many body parameters; the cyclotron e?ective masss, m * c, the paramagnetic susceptibility, ?p and the Landau-Silin Fermi liquid theory spin coe?cient, B0; but the second spin coe?cient B1 is very di?erent in the two crystal phases; it also seems likely that it is highly anisotropic. This di?erence leads to the observation of splittings in the microwave transmission spin wave spectra and di?erent spin wave coalescence angles for the two phases. Experimental results of measurements on sodium are presented. The conduction electron spin resonance (CESR), observed by the 35 GHz microwave transmission spectometer at Exeter, is split into two distinct lines which can be identi?ed with the two crystal phases present. A continuum region between the lines indicates that there is some averaging of electron spins among crystal grains or there may be some sodium present in an intermediate, faulted crystal phase in the samples. These observations con?rm the earlier work of Myler (1982), who used re?ection methods, and demonstrate with exceptional clarity, the presence of the two crystal phases. Analysis of the microwave transmission spectra, in various ?eld orientations, of spin waves, Gantmakher-Kaner oscillations, and cyclotron wave signals shows no observable di?er¬ences between the two phases of the quantities m * c, ?p and B0. The estimated values, con?rmed by spin wave measurements, of B1 are -0.01 ± 0.01 in BCC sodium and -0.05 ± 0.01 in HCP sodium at 5 K. The strong possibility of anisotropy in B1 may result in ambiguity in the values obtained from spin wave measurements depending on the details of the methods used to solve for the various quantities. For the ?rst time the microwave frequency size e?ect (MFSE) has been properly identi?ed and measured for potassium metal. This is the microwave frequency version of the radio frequency size e?ect but with the additional complication that the time of ?ight of the conduction electrons across the sample is comparable with the period of the microwaves. The electron orbits are identi?ed as being the symmetrical “type II” orbits, in the terminology of size e?ect studies. Unusually high quality spectra obtained during the early test work on the 35 GHz spectrometer enabled this study to be made. August 1987
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Innes, R. A. "Surface plasmon-polaritons and thermally-induced optical nonlinearities in liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380733.
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Quillin, Keith. "Electron transfer in single crystal potassium manganate (VI,VII) and associated systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380739.
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Barker, I. "Aspects of the biology, epidemiology and control of leaf curl disease of anemone in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380735.
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Coston, T. P. J. "Studies of transition metal complexes using dynamic NMR techniques." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380737.
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Brooks, P. C. "Liquid circulation and mixing in single and dual impeller stirred tanks." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380736.
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Laffoley, D. d'A. "The substrate dependence and associated nutritional regimes of the polychaete Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380740.
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Germain, A. L. "Some synthesis of benzimidazolone analogues of prostacyclin." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380715.
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Fonseca, K. "A study of the phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380707.
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A variety of phenotypes of P. aeruginosa can be isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonised by this organism. Previous studies have described an association between some of these phenotypes and suggested that their emergence was due to conversion or selection by temperate phage. As a result I carried out, (a) a comparative survey of phenotypes in 200 CF and 100 non-CF cultures of P. aeruginosa and a statistical analysis of their association, (b) a study of the rates of mutation for the predominant phenotypes and their genetic linkage, (c) a study of the incidence and properties of temperate phages in CF and non-CF cultures and their association with strain phenotype. A wide range of phenotypes were found in CF and the most frequent were mucoid colony type (50%), atypical serotype (86%), serum sensitivity (74%) and extreme sensitivity to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, especially to carbenicillin (20%), Irgasan (25%), nalidixic acid (20%), EDTA (20%), cetrimide (10%) and trimethoprim (20%). In contrast, less than 1% of non-CF isolates exhibited these characteristics. Statistical analysis showed that with the exception of antibiotic hypersensitivity, the phenotypes of CF cultures were generally unrelated. Mutation rates determined for the predominant CF phenotypes showed that they were strain dependent and varied between each distinct phenotype. Although some evidence was found for linkage between some of the phenotypes, it was also strain related and the majority of traits varied independently of each other. The incidence of temperate phage was similar in CF and non-CF cultures. Furthermore, the lysogeny state did not influence strain phenotype. P. aeruginosa temperate phages isolated from both collections were similar in host range and serological properties, but were distinct from the typing phages. The selection and examination of the features of phage resistant variants by the use of virulent and temperate phages showed that some cultures exhibited characteristics similar to those isolated from CF. No evidence was found for the role of phage in promoting phenotype change in CF.
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Thompson, D. E. "The ecology of steroid nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia in the gut." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380701.
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Li, C. L. R. "Methods of quantitative model validation based on model parameter distortion with applications to the nuclear industry." Thesis, City University London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380702.
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Hearn, M. J. "Polymer surface studies by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380743.
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