Journal articles: '’374.26'

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CORDEIRO, JOEL M. P., FELIPE NOLLET, MARIA TERESA BURIL, MARK W. CHASE, and LEONARDO P. FELIX. "A new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae) from inselbergs in Brazilian caatinga: morphological and karyological evidence." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.6.

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We describe a new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae), Gomesa caatingana, with restricted distribution on caatinga inselbergs in Paraíba and Pernambuco States, Brazil. Morphological and karyological characters of the new species were compared with those of Gomesa flexuosa, which is morphologically the most closely related species. Differences in geographical distribution, habit, flower morphology and chromosome number support description of this new species.

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Tato Fontaíña, Laura. "personaxes femininas no teatro de Roberto Vidal Bolaño." Boletín da Real Academia Galega, no. 374 (November 14, 2013): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32766/brag.374.426.

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En primeiro lugar, a autora realiza un percorrido cronolóxico pola obra dramática de Roberto Vidal Bolaño para estabelecer unha relación das personaxes femininas. A seguir, o corpo do artigo consiste nun estudo e análise desas personaxes agrupadas polos trazos que as unen, de forma que comeza polos tipos máis frecuentes e acaba con aquelas que, sendo protagonistas, resultan únicas.

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Sundukov, Yu N. "To the knowledge of the genus Xiphydriola Semenov, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae)." Far Eastern entomologist 374 (January 9, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.374.2.

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Rusinovich, O., A. Mora, E. Muñez, L. Delgado Tellez de Cepeda, N. De la Torre, M. Pavía, J. Sanz, M. Espinosa, J. L. Andréu Sánchez, and J. Campos Esteban. "POS1218 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ANAKINRA IN SEVERE SARS-COV2 INFECTION (COVID19) AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 892.2–893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2590.

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Background:SARS-CoV-2 virus is a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease, which in its most severe form produces life-threatening atypical pneumonia and ARDS. Coronaviruses induce dysregulation of the immune system resulting in a cytokine storm syndrome with activation of the macrophage mediated mainly by IL-1 and IL-6. Although there is no specific treatment to date, researchers have explored novel approaches through targeting both IL-6 and IL-1. Anakinra is a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist that prevents IL-1β and IL-1α binding and therefore blocks signal transduction. Its high bioavailability, rapid action, relatively short half-life and good safety profile make it a promising drug.Objectives:Analyse the experience of administering Anakinra for severe forms of COVID19 in patients hospitalised at a tertiary hospital.Methods:Retrospective single-center study in which all patients admitted for COVID-19 and treated with Anakinra from April 1st to the end of the 1st wave (July 2020) were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic, clinical and lab test data, using Brescia-COVID respiratory severity scale, SaFi, CRP, Ferritin, LDH and lymphocytes. Variables were assessed at baseline, 72h and 7 days after treatment initiation. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, including a sub-analysis of patients who received anakinra as the only biological treatment.Results:54 patients were included, of which 37 male (68.5%) with a median age of 69.5 years (36-94). Comorbidities were lung disease 14 pts (25.9%), cardiovascular disease 39 pts (72.2%), Diabetes Mellitus 11 pts (20.4%), kidney disease and rheumatic disease each in 6 pts (11.1%), and immunosuppression 13 pts (24.1%). Each patient received a mean of 4.85 doses of anakinra (± 3.96). Other therapies included low-dose steroids (70.3%); high-dose steroids: 1mg/kg (87%), bolus (24%), Tocilizumab (57.4%), Infliximab (24.1%), Lopinavir/Ritonavir (48%), Hydroxychloroquine (94.4%), and Azithromycin (79.6%). Mortality was 22% overall, 75% due to COVID19, 8.3% due to infectious complications and 16.7% due to non-infectious complications. In the group receiving Anakinra as only biological drug, mortality accounted for 17.9% of patients, 75% due to COVID19 and 25% to non-infectious complications. No adverse effects related to anakinra were observed.General group (n=54)Group receiving anakinra as only biological drug (n=23)PBaselineAfter 72hAfter 7dBaselineAfter 72hAfter 7dBrescia-COVID1.65 (0.95)1.63 (1.13)1.73 (1.19)1.09 (0.8)0.91 (0.88)1.09 (0.8)Mean(SD)Values:Values:Values:Values:Values:Values:NS0: 11.1%0: 16.7%0: 7.9 %0: 26.1%0: 39.1%0: 8.7 %1: 31.5%1: 27.8%1: 52.6%1: 47.8%1: 34.8%1: 82.6%2: 42.6%2: 38.9%2: 18.4%2: 21.7%2: 21.7%2: 8.7%3: 53.7%3: 7.4%3: 7.9%3:4.34%3: 4.34%3: 0%4: 3.7%4: 9.3%4: 13.2%4: 0%4: 0%4: 0%SaFi222.60 (115.2)240.51 (117.6)250.95 (102.6)306.35 (124.7)316.04 (129.8)300.36 (135.4)NSMean (SD)Values:Values:Values:Values:Values:Values:>300:>300:>300:>300:>300:>300:25.9%24.5 %34.2 %56,52%52.2 %45.46 %201-299201-299:201-299:201-299:201-299:201-299:: 14.8%26.4%34.2%17.39%21.7%27.27%<201:<201:<201:<201:<201:<201:59.3%49%31.6%26.1%26.1%27.27%Lymphocytes, 10^3/microLMean (SD)1.07 (1.5)5.16 (3.05)1.15 (2.49)0.88 (0.56)1.25 (0.79)1.15. (2.4)NSFerritine,ng/mlMean (SD)1098.4 (944.8)1080.23 (873.9)1069.19 (989.42)1112.76 (621.80)903.25 (385.49)704.14 (261.86)NSC-reactive protein, mg/LMean (SD)38.78 (37.58)21.46 (20.17)7 (6)50 (6.38)34.67 (23.3)19.96 (28.92)NSLDH, U/LMean (SD)387.64 (163.1)394.98 (209.32)374.26 (157.63)326.38 (111.66)308 (116.59)355 (151.96)NSRespiratory improvement*N/A20.37%51.85%N/A30.43%69.5%.007Lab test improvement**N/A51.85%77.78%N/A60.87%78.2%NS* SaFi normalised or increased 100 mmHg or more** Improvement of 2 or more analytic variablesConclusion:Anakinra in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection offers respiratory improvement and partial lab tests improvement. No adverse effects were observed.Acknowledgements:We wish to acknowledge Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda COVID19 task force and all the patients and staff affected by the pandemic.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Mena, Álvaro, Jorge Franco, Daniel Miguel, Jesús Mínguez, Ana Carla Jiménez, Dorys Carmen González, and Miguel Ángel Vicente. "Experimental Campaign of a Low-Cost and Replaceable System for Passive Energy Dissipation in Precast Concrete Structures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041213.

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This research develops a new low-cost energy dissipation system, capable of being implemented in residential structures in developing countries with high seismic activity, in which the current solutions are not economically viable. These residential structures are entirely made of precast concrete elements (foundations, walls, and slabs). A solution is developed that consists of a new connection between a precast foundation and a structural wall, which is capable of dissipating almost all the seismic energy, and therfore protecting the rest of the building from structural damage. To validate the solution, a testing campaign is carried out, including a first set of “pushover” tests on isolated structural walls, a second set of “pushover” tests on structural frames, and a final set of seismic tests on a real-scale three-storey building. For the first and second set of tests, ductility is analyzed in accordance with ACI 374.2R-13, while for the third one, the dynamic response to a reference earthquake is evaluated. The results reveal that the solution developed shows great ductility and no relevant damage is observed in the rest of the building, except in the low-cost energy dissipation system. Once an earthquake has finished, a precast building implemented with this low-cost energy dissipation system is capable of showing a structural performance level of “immediate occupancy” according to ACI 374.2R-13.

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Archer, Donald G. "Heat capacities of aqueous decyland dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromides from 324.6 to 374.6 K." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 19, no. 4 (April 1987): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(87)90126-1.

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Anand, Yuvaraj, Vijayan Madhusudan, Parthasarathy Rajeevalochana, Mathew Milly, George Deepu, and Abraham Georgi. "Correlation of serum soluble Klotho with fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in chronic kidney disease patients; a single centre study." Journal of Nephropharmacology 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): e08-e08. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/npj.2020.08.

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Introduction: Klotho is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a long extracellular domain and short cytoplasmic tail that appears to modulate aging. Objectives: This cross-sectional investigation was conducted at a tertiary care centre to find the possible correlation of serum Klotho with various biochemical parameters in Indian chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in 80 CKD patients (58 males, 22 females). Mean age was 54.21 ± 14.08 years (25-90 years). Participants included 55 CKD- hemodialysis (HD), 10 CKD- peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 15 CKD-non-dialysis (ND) patients. Results: Serum Klotho (sKlotho) in CKD-HD patients ranged from 0 to 374.36 ng/mL with a mean of 13.76±4.3 ng/mL (median: 0.0174 ng/mL). In PD patients, sKlotho ranged from 0 to 374.36 ng/ mL with a mean of 37.58 ± 6.56 ng/mL (median of 0.0087 ng/mL). In ND population, sKlotho ranged from 0 to 7.01 ng/mL, with a mean of 0.73 ± 0.01 ng/mL (median of 0.1687ng/mL). In CKDHD and CKD-PD patients, sKlotho was positively correlated with the fibroblast growth factor 23 (pg/mL) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Serum Klotho levels show significant positive correlation with FGF23 levels in HD and PD patients. The findings of the study indicate that high Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels may be associated with worse outcomes in chronic renal failure patients.

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Muhammad, Ahmad, and Oluwole Daniel Makinde. "Thermodynamics Analysis of Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection with Slip and Thermal Radiation over a Permeable Surface." Defect and Diffusion Forum 374 (April 2017): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.374.29.

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This paper discusses the thermodynamics irreversibility in an unsteady hydromagnetic mixed convective flow of an electrically conducting optically dense fluid over a permeable vertical surface under the combined influence of thermal radiation, velocity slip, temperature jump, buoyancy force, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using similarity variable. A local similarity solution is obtained numerically using shooting technique coupled with Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration method. The influence of various thermophysical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction, Nusselt number, entropy generation rate and Bejan number are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively. It is found that velocity slip, surface injection and temperature jump can successfully reduce entropy generation rate in the presence of an applied magnetic field. A comparison of numerical solution is made with the exact solution under a special case scenario and excellent agreement is found.

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MORRIS, THOMAS V. "Necessary Beings." Mind XCIV, no. 374 (1985): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xciv.374.263.

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Burnonville, Francine, and Annie Debard Pavlic. "Suicide au travail : comment intervenir ?" Gestion 37, no. 4 (2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riges.374.0026.

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YOON, CHUNGSOOK, YOSHIKAZU NAKANE, and HIROO KAMBAYASHI. "A STUDY ON RADIANT HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE HUMAN BODY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS IN RADIANT HEATING SYSTEM : Configuration factor and shape × area factor of seated up straight humman body." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 374 (1987): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.374.0_26.

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ZHANG, BO, SAIYU WANG, XIAOQI XU, TIANHAO LI, DAN DAI, and YU LI. "Identification of the new species Comatricha macrospora and two other recently recorded species of Comatricha from China." Phytotaxa 374, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.1.6.

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A new species (Comatricha macrospora) has been collected from the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, China. Comatricha macrospora has smaller sporocarps and larger spores (about 15–18 μm in diameter) than other species of Comatricha as well as a persistent peridium at the base of the sporotheca. In addition, two newly recorded species of Comatricha—C. tenerrima (M.A. Curtis) G. Lister and C. afroalpina Rammeloo—have been documented in China for the first time, based on material collected from northeast China and the campus of East China Normal University, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Comatricha tenerrima is characterised by fusiform long-stalked sporocarps and warted pinkish brown spores (about 7–8 μm in diameter)., whereas C. afroalpina occurs on rotting logs and has spores marked by larger warts with an irregular reticulation at their base. Descriptions and scanning electron micrographs for these members of the genus Comatricha are provided. Phylogenetic analyses, based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences (SSUrRNA) of Comatricha and related genera, were carried out using Bayesian inference. These analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in the genus Comatricha.

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RACHANARIN, CHANALUG, NAKARIN SUWANNARACH, JATURONG KUMLA, KANOK-ORN SRIMUANG, ERIC H. C. MCKENZIE, and SAISAMORN LUMYONG. "A new endophytic fungus, Tulasnella phuhinrongklaensis (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) isolated from roots of the terrestrial orchid, Phalaenopsis pulcherrima." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.1.

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A new species of endophytic fungus, described herein as Tulasnella phuhinrongklaensis, was isolated from a root of a terrestrial orchid, Phalaenopsis pulcherrima, in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. This species is characterized by its cream to white colonies, branched chains of spherical to ellipsoid monilioid cells and absence of sclerotia. The uniqueness of the species was confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit region (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, and a nucleotide divergence of the ITS sequences. The phylogenetic result showed that T. phuhinrongklaensis formed a monophyletic lineage clearly distinct from other Tulasnella and Epulorhiza species, the asexual morph of Tulasnella. The nucleotide divergence of ITS sequences in the new fungus ranged from 50.66–57.93% in genera Tulasnella and Epulorhiza. A description and illustrations of the new species are provided.

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BAŞKÖSE, İSA, and AHMET SAVRAN. "A new species from southern Anatolia (Dedegöl Mountain Series—Çürük Mountain) in Turkey: Hypericum bilgehan-bilgilii (Hypericaceae)." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.2.

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Hypericum bilgehan-bilgilii is here described and illustrated as a new species of section Triadenioides, from the Southern Anatolia, Turkey. Distribution map, habitat and ecology, etymology, the Turkish name for the new species, and dichotomous key are given. The new species is compared with morphologically close species, H. ternatum and H. pallens.

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HUANG, MEI, and TOLGOR BAU. "New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.3.

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Two taxa of Coprinellus from China are described on the basis of morphological features and phylogeny. Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus is described as a new species in Coprinellus section Setulosi due to its milky-white to pale-grey pileus, lageniform caulocystidia, the presence of pileocystidia and cheilocystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Coprinellus aureogranulatus, belonging to section Micacei, is new to China. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences by the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods showed that C. pseudodisseminatus and C. aureogranulatus are a new and newly recorded species, respectively. Illustrations, photographs, and detailed descriptions of the two species are provided.

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XU, YU-YAN, LI-JIE GUO, TING LI, and LI FAN. "Two new species of Barssia from China." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.4.

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Two new truffle species Barssia guozigouensis and B. luyashanensis are described and illustrated from North China based on morphological and molecular evidences. Morphologically, B. guozigouensis is diagnosed by its distinctly warty ascomata and solid gleba with small and irregular chambers, and B. luyashanensis is by its red brown ascomata with fine warts and gleba without chambers. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and 28S large subunit nrDNA supported the placement of the new species.

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TARAFDER, ENTAJ, ARUN KUMAR DUTTA, JIT SARKAR, and KRISHNENDU ACHARYA. "A new species of Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti from Eastern India." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.5.

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Agaricus duplocingulatoides (Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is proposed here as new to science based on collections made from West Bengal, Eastern India. The morphological features together with molecular data confirms its placement in Agaricus sect. Brunneopicti within Agaricus subg. Pseudochitonia. A comprehensive description, illustrations and comparison with morphologically and phylogenetically related taxa are provided.

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KUMAR, PANKAJ, STEPHAN W. GALE, THATSAPHONE PHAXAYSOMBATH, and GUNTER A. FISCHER. "Cleisostoma schoenorchaefolium (Orchidaceae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a new species from Lao PDR." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.7.

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Cleisostoma schoenorchaefolium is described as a new species from limestone karst in Lao PDR. A detailed description with photographs, line drawings and a conservation assessment are presented. Due to the presence of a combination of unique characters (namely, semi-terete leaves with a subulate apex, a two-chambered spur and a complex pollinarium structure), this species cannot be satisfactorily placed in any of the existing sections of the genus. Accordingly, a new section, Teretisculum, is proposed. To aid correct placement of this and other species in their respective sections, a key to infrageneric taxonomy of Cleisostoma is provided.

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ZHOU, JIAN-JUN, LEI WU, and SHAO-WU WU. "The identity of Actinodaphne sessilifructa (Lauraceae)." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.8.

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Examination of specimens and relevant literature and field investigation reveal that Actinodaphne sessilifructa is a representative of Litsea rather than Actinodaphne. A new combination, Litsea sessilifructa, is proposed.

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WEI, HONG-JIN, and LI-BING ZHANG. "Polystichum recavum (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), a new cave fern from Guangxi, China." Phytotaxa 374, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.374.2.9.

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A new species of Polystichum (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), P. recavum, is described from a limestone cave from southern Guangxi, China. Polystichum recavum is most similar to P. cavernicola in having oblanceolate lamina and oblong pinnae, but distinguishable from the latter in number of sterile pinna pairs, shape of pinna apex, and shape of the auricles.

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Zuenko, Ivan. "Die »Neue Seidenstraße« und Russland: zwischen Geopolitik und Wirtschaft." Russland-Analysen, no. 374 (October 1, 2019): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31205/ra.374.01.

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Noesselt, Nele. "Diplomatischer Tanz auf dem Eis: China, Russland und die »Arktis-Seidenstraße«." Russland-Analysen, no. 374 (October 1, 2019): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31205/ra.374.02.

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Jaspard, Maryse, and Claire Alet. ""Les violences faites aux femmes sont devenues un objet social et politique"." Alternatives Économiques N° 374, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.374.0026.

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Li, H. Q., X. Y. Li, Hai Lin Sun, Dennis Teer, and Han Shan Dong. "Synthesis and Characterization of CrXN Nano-Multilayer Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.126.

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Three types of nano-multilayer coatings, CrSiN, CrAlN and CrMoN, with different Si, Al and Mo contents were deposited on M42 substrates using a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating (CFUMSIP) technique. Systematic characterization on the chemical composition, microstructure, hardness and wear properties of these multilayer coatings has been investigated using GDOES, low angle XRD, SEM, TEM, nanoindentation and wear tests. Experimental results revealed that all these three types of Cr, XN ternary coatings (X=Al, Si and Mo) are nano-multilayer structured. The CrAlN multilayer coatings showed the highest hardness and oxidation resistance among these three multilayer coatings. The CrMoN multilayer coatings exhibited the lowest friction coefficient although no appreciable improvements in wear resistance were observed as compared with the optimized CrN coatings.

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Yang, H. X., Zhen Lun Song, Yong Wei Song, and Hui Zhang. "Effect of pH Value on the Electrodeposition Potential of Cu-In Alloy Film." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.216.

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Electro-deposition Cu-In alloy can act as the precursor film to prepare CuInSe2 compound by selenating treatment. The effect of pH value on the electrodeposition potential of Cu-In alloy was investigated by electrochemical measurements in this paper. The relationship between the pH values and deposition potential was analyzed. Then uniform Cu-In alloy film was successfully prepared based on the special potential and pH.

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Huang, Z. W., Zhong Guang Wang, Shi Jie Zhu, F. H. Yuan, and F. G. Wang. "Effect of HVOF Sprayed MCrAlY Coating on Thermomechanical and Isothermal Fatigue Life of Superalloy M963." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.23.

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A cast nickel based superalloy M963 was coated by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying process. The effect of HVOF MCrAlY coating on thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) and isothermal fatigue (IF) in M963 was studied to understand fatigue life and failure mechanisms in coated and uncoated M963 alloy. Two types of TMF tests, i.e. in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP), were performed in temperature range of 450~900°C, and IF tests were conducted at 900°C. It was found that the coating had a detrimental effect on fatigue life under OP TMF, while a beneficial effect of the coating existed under IP TMF and IF. Crack initiation time in the coated specimen was shorter than that in the uncoated specimen and the former’s crack density was higher than the latter’s one under OP TMF. The relationship of deformation and fracture response with fatigue life was discussed based on microscopic analysis.

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Liu, Jun Quan, Xiao Hui Wang, and Jin L. Xu. "The Study of the Electrochemical Graining Process in NaBO₂- H₃BO₃ Solution and Grain Appearance on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.236.

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The mainly process of electrochemical graining on 6063 aluminum alloy included graining at alternating current, anodizing and chemical coloring. The graining used NaBO2- H3BO3 system as film-forming solution, proper AC current density, treating time, temperature , adding agents and solution concentration were ascertained through operating orthogonal experiment, the grain of appropriate density and width could be obtained, the grained surface of aluminum alloy presented intergranular corrosion in the graining zone, the appearance was improved after anodizing, enough thick anodizing film could make intergranular corrosion eliminated. Cyclic voltammetry experiment was used to preliminarily explaine the grain process, the main cause of graining zone formation was hydrogen evolution.

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Hu, Xian Guo, Wen Ju Cai, Jiu Cong Wan, Yu Fu Xu, and Xiao Jun Sun. "Study of Corrosion Performance of Electroless Ni-P Coating with Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.256.

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The electroless nickel-phosphor coatings containing molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed in this paper. The effects of incorporation of MoS2 into the Ni-P coating on the morphology of the coating surface and corrosion properties were also studied. Corrosion tests were conducted inside a salt spray box with NaCl solution (5.0 wt%). The corrosional surfaces were studied and analyzed through optical microscope, X-ray spectrometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigation on the relationship between heat-treatment and the corrosion resistance of the coatings showed that the corrosion resistance of the composite coating became worse because of the occurrence of transformation from non-crystalline to crystalline, and then increased the metastable intergradation of the composite coating. Meanwhile, the experimental results also showed that corrosion resistance of the coating containing MoS2 was higher than that of steel substrate. The corrosion mechanism of the composite coatings was mainly ascribed to the formation of micro-cell around the nanosized MoS2 particles, and the active ion like Cl- destroyed the surface film and induced the corrosion towards the inside part of coating.

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Xiong, Guang Yao, Bo Lin He, and Rui Zou. "Research of Microstructure and Properties of the 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo Steel with QPQ Salt-Bath Nitriding." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.260.

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The wear-resistance, corrosion resistance, hardness can be greatly increased by using low temperature QPQ complex salt-bath treatment. And it is a new strengthening method without distortion in the treating process. The surface of 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo steel was treated using this method. The microstructure and depth of the treated surface for the steel were analyzed using SEM. The sliding wear resistance was tested on the M-2000 tester and the micro-hardness was tested using 401MVA microscopy hardness tester. The corrosion resistance was tested in the 5%NaCl water by using spraying method. The experimental results indicate that a certain depth of white layer and diffusion layer of the steel can be obtained by using low temperature QPQ complex salt-bath treatment. The nitriding compound layer with high hardness, superior wear resistance and stable microstructure, can also be obtained on the surface of the parts. The highest hardness in the surface is HV0.11012. The surface hardness is 2.8 times higher than that of inner part. The depth of white layer is from 10 to 12μm. The experimental results and applied results show that the low temperature QPQ complex salt-bath treatment has many advantages, such as fast nitriding speed, uniform heating, short process time, low treating temperature, small distortion, high production rate, low cost, stable nitriding quality no pollution and so on.

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He, Y. Y., G. F. Zhang, Guo Q. Li, and X. D. Hou. "Deposition of Amorphous Diamond Films on Different Substrates by Electrolysis of Methanol Solution." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.264.

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Amorphous diamond films were deposited on both (100) silicon and 316L stainless steel substrates at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (60°C) with a direct current pulsed power supply using methanol/additive solution as electrolyte. The morphology and microstructure of the films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The friction and wear behavior of the films were examined on the CERT test system. The SEM observations showed that the films consisted of fine and compact ball-like grains with about 300nm in diameter. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the diamond structure by the presence of strong peaks at 1333cm-1 for both substrates. The friction coefficient of the films deposited on both substrates against WC ball was about 0.10 at ambient conditions. The active additive could play an important role not only in improving adhesive strength between the films and substrates, but also in increasing relative content of diamond phase in the films.

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Yan, Zhi Jun, Xin He Zhu, Dong Cheng, Yu Zhou Gao, and Li Yan. "The Study on the Deposition Efficiency of Microarc Oxidation on Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.268.

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With excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance of films, simple procedures, high production efficiency and being environmentally friendly, micro-arc oxidation has become a novel technique to produce ceramic coatings on the surfaces of light metals such as aluminum and its alloys. In order to decrease the electric power consumption during the process, we put forward a improved technique of micro-arc oxidation, and introduce its technical properties and treatment effects on the surfaces of aluminum. The experimental results show that the properties, such as phase structure, thickness, roughness and hardness of the ceramic coating prepared by improved micro-arc oxidation are similar to those prepared by traditional micro-arc oxidation. The micro-arc oxidation with higher deposition efficiency will be an important research direction in the future.

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Ding, Z. X., Q. Wang, and Zheng Lin Liu. "Performance Study of Erosion Wear of Nanostructured WC-12Co Coatings Sprayed by HVOF." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.27.

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In the paper, nanostructured, multimodal and conventional WC-12Co cermet coatings were sprayed by HVOF and the properties and structures of the coatings such as microhardness, microstructure, phase composition were compared. Finally sand solid and slurry erosion wear tests were carried out and their wear failure mechanisms were explored by XRD and SEM analysis. Research results show that microstructures of nanostructured and multimodal WC-12Co coatings prepared by HVOF are dense with little porosity, and their microhardness values are obviously higher than conventional WC-12Co coating. As well, it was found that nanostructured and multimodal WC-12Co coatings exhibited better sand solid and slurry erosion wear resistance in comparison with conventional coating and nanostructured WC-12Co coatings possessed the best sand solid erosion resistance properties at large impact angles and slurry erosion wear resistance. Testing results also show that although decarburization of WC occurred during spraying multimodal and nanostructured WC-12Co powders, the decarburization of WC for the nanostructured powder was more severe.

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Buhagiar, Joseph P., and Han Shan Dong. "Low-Temperature Plasma Surface Modification of Medical Grade Austenitic Stainless Steel to Combat Wear and Corrosion." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.296.

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The novel low temperature plasma alloying technique that simultaneously introduces both nitrogen and carbon into the surface of austenitic stainless steel has been used in the past to create a hybrid N-C S-Phase. This S-Phase layer boasts of high hardness and wear resistance without any detriment to corrosion resistance. In this study, the afore mentioned hybrid N-C S-Phase was successfully implemented in the surface of two medical grade austenitic stainless steels: ASTM F138 and F1586. At an optimum process temperature of 430°C a very hard, 20μm precipitate-free S-Phase layer was created. Anodic Polarization tests in Ringer’s solution showed that the corrosion resistance of this layer was similar to that of the untreated alloys. Both dry-wear and corrosion-wear (Ringer’s) behaviour of the surface treated alloys showed an improvement of more than 350% and 40% respectively when compared to the untreated material.

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Ye, Hong, and Zhong Lin Yan. "Electron Beam Surface Alloying of a Magnesium Alloy with Al." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.326.

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Magnesium alloy is an important engineering materials，but the wider application is restricted by poor corrosion and wear resistance. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhance corrosion resistance and microhardness of Mg alloy AZ91D by electron beam alloying. Flame spray method was used to prepare Al coating on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy, then remelted by high power electron beam. The microstructure and composition of the coating were analyzed in detail. Al-Mg diffusion was produced between the coating and the substrate to lead to the re-distribution of alloy elements in the melted layer. The coating was mainly composed of Al-Mg solid solution, Mg-Al intermetallic compounds and Mg-Al solid solution transition zone. Microhardness of the alloying layer was enhanced to 220 HV0.05 as compared to 70-80 HV0.05 of the substrate, due to the intermetallic phase formation, such as Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12. These phases were good to improve anticorrosion property of AZ91D alloy．

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Zhang, Yue Fei, Xin Chao Bian, Qiang Chen, Guang Qiu Zhang, and Yuan Gao. "Multiple Needle Cathodes Plasma Surface Alloying of Ti6Al4V with W-Mo-C-N." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.426.

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A multiple-needle-cathode plasma surface alloying process has been developed for improving the properties of surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V. The process is carried out at temperatures below 800 °C and facilitates the simultaneous introduction of W, Mo,nitrogen and carbon into the surfaces of Ti6Al4V forming gradient alloying layer structure with an extremely high hardness. The process is performed at working pressure of 30Pa-80Pa with 9-needle-cathode of W80Mo20 alloy rods array and a high pure graphite plate cathode as target electrode. A maximum microhardness is 4-6 times much harder than the substrate. The results show the presence of carbide and nitride ceramics phases contribute to high microhardness and wear resistance. The multiple-needle-cathode discharge plasma treatment is an effective method for improvement of the mechanical and tribological properties of titanium-base alloys by formation of graded diffusion hard surface layers. The present paper describes this novel process and properties characteristics.

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36

Wang, Li Ge, Guo Qing Li, Yuan Rong Hu, Wei Gou, and Meng Shi. "Study on the Structure and Electrochromism of WO₃ and Ti-Doped WO₃ Films." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.726.

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WO3 and Ti-doped WO3 electrochromic films were prepared by mid-frequency dual-target magnetron sputtering method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and spectrophotometer were used to characterize the structure, morphology, composition and transmittance properties of the films, respectively. The results show that this method is available to deposit WO3 and Ti-doped WO3 electrochromic films. The as-deposited films prepared at room temperature are amorphous and display good transmittance. The difference value of transmittance between the bleached and coloration states of WO3 film is above 60% at 633nm. Ti-doped WO3 films have smoother surface and smaller grains than undoped ones. Moreover, the crystalline temperature increases after doping titanium, because the titanium atoms influence the lattice distortion of the WO3 films. So it is more convenient for Li+ ions to inject into films and can enhance the response speed and stability of Ti-doped WO3 electrochromic films.

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37

Sobamowo, Gbeminiyi M., Bayo Y. Ogunmola, and Gaius Nzebuka. "Finite Volume Method for Analysis of Convective Longitudinal Fin with Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity and Internal Heat Generation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 374 (April 2017): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.374.106.

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In this study, heat transfer in a longitudinal rectangular fin with temperature-dependent thermal properties and internal heat generation has been analyzed using finite volume method. The numerical solution was validated with the exact solution for the linear problem. The developed heat transfer models were used to investigate the effects of thermo-geometric parameters, coefficient of heat transfer and thermal conductivity (non-linear) parameters on the temperature distribution, heat transfer and thermal performance of the longitudinal rectangular fin. From the results, it shows that the fin temperature distribution, the total heat transfer, and the fin efficiency are significantly affected by the thermo-geometric of the fin. Therefore, the results obtained in this analysis serve as basis for comparison of any other method of analysis of the problem and they also provide platform for improvement in the design of fin in heat transfer equipment.

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38

Ravikumar, T. S., Sivamani Seralathan, Venkatesan Hariram, and Hemanth Kumar Guntamadugu. "Numerical Studies on Heat Transfer over a Flat Plate with Triangular Rib-Groove Geometry at Laminar Flow Conditions." Defect and Diffusion Forum 374 (April 2017): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.374.121.

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In this present study, periodically positioned triangular shaped ribs having a round top corner at the bottom with groove positioned on the top side of the plate is analyzed at laminar flow conditions. The numerical results obtained for the heated plate with rib-groove geometry are compared with that of the flat plate kept under similar conditions. At lower air flow velocity, the Nusselt number of the flat plate improved from 400 to 1407 with the provision of triangular ribs-groove arrangement in it. Similarly, it improved from 850 to 6420 at higher air flow velocity with triangular ribs-groove arrangement. Higher Nusselt number values leads to a higher heat transfer coefficient values. Therefore, the triangular ribs-groove geometry gives an enhanced rate of heat transfer with minimum pressure drop. The study shows that irrespective of geometry, the rate of heat transfer is relying on fluid (air in this present case) flow velocity over heated plate, fluid flow contact with the heated plate and surface area of the heated plate.

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39

Laidoudi, Houssem, and Mohamed Bouzit. "The Effect of Asymmetrically Confined Circular Cylinder and Opposing Buoyancy on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer." Defect and Diffusion Forum 374 (April 2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.374.18.

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In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical investigation is carried out to understand the effects of opposing thermal buoyancy and Prandtl number on fluid flow and mixed convection heat transfer characteristics of symmetrically and asymmetrically confined cylinder submerged in Newtonian fluid. The detailed flow and temperature field are illustrated in term of streamlines and isotherm contours to interpret the flow and thermal transport visualization. The numerical results are presented and discussed for the range of conditions as: Ri = 0 to -4, Pr = 0.7 to 50, eccentricity factor ε = 0 to 0.7 at Re = 40 and for a fixed blockage parameter B = 0.2. The effect of opposing buoyancy is brought about by varying Richardson numbers. The overall drag coefficient and average Nusselt number are computed to elucidate the role of Prandt number, eccentricity factor and Richardson number on the flow and heat transfer. At ε = 0, it is found that, when the buoyancy is opposed the flow becomes asymmetrically and some rotating zones appear under and above the cylinder. Moreover, the eccentricity factor has a tendency to decrease the rotating regions and to increase the heat transfer rate. For example an increase in eccentricity factor from 0 to 0.6 increases Nu by 77% at Ri = 4.

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40

FOOT, PHILIPPA. "Utilitarianism and the Virtues." Mind XCIV, no. 374 (1985): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xciv.374.196.

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41

FORREST, PETER. "Backward Causation in Defence of Free Will." Mind XCIV, no. 374 (1985): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xciv.374.210.

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42

COTTINGHAM, JOHN. "Cartesian Trialism." Mind XCIV, no. 374 (1985): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xciv.374.218.

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43

Fardhani, Roushandi Asri, and Aini Aini. "Screening of Lactobacillus Inhibitor Alpha Glucosidase Activity from Nira in Hyperglycemic Mice." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.2944.

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Hyperglycemia is a condition of increasing blood glucose levels exceeding the normal value in patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM). This study is a screening to describe that respon of hyperglycemic mice to the administration of lactobacillus isolated from sap as an alpha glukosidase inhibitor. The final aim of this study was to measure the activity of alpha glukosidae inhibitor from lactobacillus isolated from sap in hyperglycemic wistar rats.ÃÂ The cultivation of de man rogosa sharpe Agar (MRSA) and the isolated lactobacillus was carried out using the pout plate methode.Lactobacillus isolated from sap produced in West Lombok district was carried outÃÂ given to white rats for treatment. This study is a quasi-experimental study using 25 hyperglycemic white rats divided into 5 (five) treatments. The mean blood sugar levels after alloxan induction were 374.6, 347.5, 373.2, 348.4. The mean blood sugar levels at P1, P2 and P3 respectively from the first day to the third day were P1 247.2, 225.8, 209.6, P2 was 241.2, 141.8, 99.6 and P3 were 138,8, 112, 84.6.

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44

Matthujak, Anirut, Chaidet Kasamnimitporn, Wuttichai Sittiwong, and Kulachate Pianthong. "Effect of Stand-Off Distance on Impact Pressure of High-Speed Water Jet Injected in Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1873.

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This study is to measure the impact pressure of high-speed water jet injected in water at the stand-off distance from the nozzle exit. The high-speed water jets are generated by the impact of a projectile, which known as impact acceleration method, launched by Horizontal Single Stage Power Gun. The maximum averaged jet velocity of about 374.24 m/s in water was generated in this experiment. The impact pressure of high-speed water jet in water at the stand-off distance 15, 20, 30 and 40 mm from the nozzle exit was measured by the PVDF pressure sensor. Moreover, the impact phenomena of the jet were visualized by a high-speed video camera with shadowgraph optical arrangement. From the pressure sensor, two peak over-pressures are always observed in this experiment. From visualization, it was found that the two peak over-pressures of 24 GPa and 35 GPa at x = 15 mm were generated by the jet and the bubble impact, respectively. The peak over-pressure decreases exponentially as the stand-off distance between the PVDF pressure sensor to the nozzle exit increases. Moreover, the jet and the bubble impact on the PVDF pressure sensor, shock waves, and bubble deformation were obviously observed in this study.

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45

Setyawardani, T., K. Widayaka, J. Sumarmono, A. H. D. Rahardjo, S. S. Santoso, and M. Sulistyowati. "Texture, hedonic test and fatty acid profile of goat cheese with L plantarum TW14 and L. rhamnosus TW2 isolates stored at different temperature conditions." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 43, no. 3 (August 23, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.43.3.230-237.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate texture, hedonic test and fatty acids profile of goat cheese stored at cold and frozen temperatures for 60 days. Cheese was manufactured from goat milk with addition of probiotics bacteria L.plantarum TW14 and L.rhamnosusTW2 with a ratio of (1:1/v/v). Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, employing two factors, i.e. temperature (cold; frozen) and storage time (0; 15,30,45 and 60 days). Each treatment was repeated three times. Results showed that goat cheese stored at cold temperature has an average hardness-texture of 374.46 ±77.69 gf while that of the cheese stored at frozen temperature has 221.66 ±38.46 gf, which were significantly different (P<0.05). In term of flavor, texture and overall acceptability, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of storage temperatures and storage time. However, the taste of cheese stored under cold and frozen temperatures was highly significant different (P<0.01). Fatty acids composition of cheese stored for 60 days in a cold storage showed that the highest fatty acid content was SFA which was 64.34% and USFA was 16.76%. During the 60-day storage, the SFA percentage of was relatively stable while the percentage of oleic acid USFA increased.

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46

Shanableh, A., and Y. Shimizu. "Treatment of sewage sludge using hydrothermal oxidation – technology application challenges." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 8 (April 1, 2000): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0146.

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The objective of this paper is to examine the technical feasibility of hydrothermal oxidation as a sewage sludge treatment option. Hydrothermal oxidation involves treatment at temperatures and pressures below and above the critical point for water, 374.2°C and 22.1 MPa. Subcritical water oxidation (SubCWO) achieves incomplete sludge oxidation (<95% COD removal) and produces high-strength liquors containing significant quantities of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Controlled liquor recycling into the treatment plant can provide a useful carbon source to support biological nutrient removal (BNR). SubCWO also achieves efficient destruction of the organic component of sludge solids, resulting in significant mass and volume reductions. Supercritical wateroxidation (SCWO) on the other hand can completely oxidize the organic component of sludge (>99.9% COD reduction), produce high quality effluents and disposable ashes and air emissions. The major engineering challenges associated with developing hydrothermal treatment systems, especiallySCWO systems, are solids management, corrosion and safety. Thesolids management challenge relates to scale formation, including deposition of inorganic salts and transport of suspended particles. The corrosion challenge relates to handling highly halogenated and extreme-pH waste streams. Nevertheless, the available body of technical knowledge supports the design of efficient SCWO sludge treatment systems.

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47

Luk, Sherriff T. K., and Ivy S. N. Chen. "Baleno: Expanding Retail Operations in China." Asian Case Research Journal 13, no. 01 (June 2009): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927509001170.

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Fuelled by impressive economic growth in recent years, consumers' demand for clothing in China had been increasing. Expenditure on clothing of urban households rose from 374.19 billion yuan in 2004 to 509.29 billion yuan in 2006 (an increase of 36.1%), and for rural households, this increased from 91.66 billion yuan to 118.36 billion yuan (an increase of 29.1%). Baleno, a casual wear retailer, had used mainly franchising to expand its retail network. This method allowed for rapid expansion but controlling franchisees in China could be problematic. Opening directly managed stores, on the other hand, required more capital. Baleno needed to decide how it should keep up with the growth in demand and with the expansion of its competitors.

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48

Slootweg, MC, D. Swolin, JC Netelenbos, OG Isaksson, and C. Ohlsson. "Estrogen enhances growth hormone receptor expression and growth hormone action in rat osteosarcoma cells and human osteoblast-like cells." Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 1 (October 1, 1997): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1550159.

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Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily due to estrogen deficiency. Recent clinical observation demonstrate that GH increases bone mass in GH deficient patients. The present study investigates whether estrogen regulates GH action and GH receptor expression in osteoblasts. 17 beta-estradiol or GH added to the culture medium as single substances did not influence rat osteosarcoma cell proliferation nor human osteoblast-like (hOB) cell proliferation. However, together they synergistically induced osteoblast proliferation (rat osteosarcoma cells 160.1 +/- 15.5% of control cells; human osteoblast-like cells 159.6 +/- 5.1% of control cells). 17 beta-estradiol stimulated 125I-GH binding and GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels in rat osteosarcoma cells. The stimulatory effect of estradiol was time dependent, reaching a peak after 8 h of incubation with 17 beta-estradiol (binding 216.9 +/- 27.8% and mRNA 374.6 +/- 30.8% of control). The finding that estradiol stimulated 125I-GH binding was confirmed in human osteoblast-like cells. In these cells, 17 beta-estradiol (10(-12) M) increased 125I-GH binding to 203.8 +/- 3.6% of control levels. We conclude that estrogen stimulates GH activity as well as GH binding and GHR mRNA levels in osteoblasts. These findings indicate that estrogen potentiates the effect of GH at the receptor level.

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49

Setiadi Kamaruddin, Kurniawan, Iswandi Imran, Maulana Derry Imansyah, Muhammad Riyansyah, and Aris Ariyanto. "Application of high strength reinforcing bars in earthquake-resistant structure elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502015.

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Currently, design of reinforced concrete buildings is still dominated with normal strength reinforcing bars, not exceeding 420 MPa yield strength. Meanwhile, the use of higher strength reinforcing bars tend to increase due to some benefits in the construction, such as reducing the total weight of reinforcing bars and alleviating reinforcing bars congestions. In this study, reinforcing bars with yield strength of 520 MPa are utilized in the reinforced concrete beam-column joint. The objective is to study the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. A total of 3 interior beam-column joints, half-scaled specimens with different yield strengths and bar diameters was tested. One of the test specimens which was 16 mm diameter and had normal strength reinforcing bar. The other two specimens use high strength reinforcing bars, and have 16 mm and 19 mm diameter bars. Loading protocol of all the specimens is conformed with ACI 374.2. Dissipation energy and deformability of the joints is then compared. Normalized energy dissipation of the specimens with high strength reinforcing bars was slightly lower than that of the specimens with normal reinforcing bars. However, specimens with high strength reinforcing bars tend to have smaller deformability than that of the specimens with normal reinforcing bars.

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50

Koh, Jason L., Zoltan Szomor, George A. C. Murrell, and Russell F. Warren. "Supplementation of Rotator Cuff Repair with a Bioresorbable Scaffold." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 3 (May 2002): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300031701.

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Background Repair of a torn rotator cuff should have sufficient initial strength of the fixation to permit appropriate rehabilitation. Hypothesis Augmentation with a woven polylactic acid scaffold strengthens repairs of the rotator cuff. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In the suture-anchor model, 10 pairs of sheep infraspinatus tendons were detached and repaired to suture anchors. In half of the matched specimens, the repair was reinforced with a woven poly-lactic acid scaffold repaired with the tendon to bone. In the bone-bridge model, sutures were passed through a trough and over a bone bridge distal to the greater tuberosity; half were reinforced by the scaffold. The repairs were tested to failure with a hydraulic testing machine. Results The mean ultimate strength of suture-anchor repairs augmented with the scaffold (167.3 ± 53.9 N) was significantly greater than that of nonaugmented fixation (133.2 ± 38.2 N). Failure occurred when the tendon pulled through the sutures; the scaffold remained intact. Scaffold reinforcement of the bone bridge significantly increased the ultimate strength from 374.6 ± 117.6 N to 480.9 ± 89.2 N, and the scaffold remained intact in 8 of 10 specimens. Conclusions The scaffold significantly increased the initial strength of rotator cuff repair by approximately 25%.

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