Academic literature on the topic '362.17/5'

The liquefaction of cornstalk in the presence of polyhydric alcohols with sulfuric acid as catalyst was investigated. Effects of various liquefaction condition parameters on the liquefaction and its liquefied products were mainly investigated. Results showed that the liquefaction parameters had an obvious effect on the residue percent and the viscosity, acid and hydroxyl number of its liquefied products. The efficient liquefaction of cornstalk with low residue percent of 9.4% was obtained under the mild condition of a PEG #400/glycerin ratio of 7/3, a cornstalk/liquefaction reagent ratio of 1/5, a reaction temperature of 150°C, a reaction time of 30 min and a sulfuric acid amount of 4%, respectively. Under this condition, the viscosity, acid number and hydroxyl number of its liquefied products was 1430 cP, 18.5 mg KOH/g and 362.1 mg KOH/g, respectively.

Snack bar merupakan camilan berbentuk batangan yang sehat dengan kandungan gizi cukup tinggi dan minimum kalori sebesar 129 kkal. Pembuatan snack bar membutuhkan bahan buah-buahan seperti pisang dan pepaya, serealia berupa emping jagung untuk memperkaya gizi serta bahan pengikat berupa pati kimpul dan madu agar tekstur semakin kompak. Pati kimpul memiliki kandungan amilosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga mampu mengurangi penyerapan air dan membuat tekstur sedikit lebih keras. Sedangkan madu memiliki kandungan monosakarida berupa glukosa dan fruktosa yang mampu memberi rasa manis lebih tinggi dari sukrosa serta tekstur lunak dan chewy pada snack bar. Penggunaan bahan-bahan tersebut dinilai mampu mempengaruhi kualitas snack bar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penambahan madu dan pati kimpul terhadap kualitas snack bar yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama proporsi pati kimpul 15, 20 dan 25%. Faktor kedua adalah proporsi madu 10, 15, dan 20%. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5%. Jika ada perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan (DMRT) 5%. Hasil penelitian dengan perlakuan optimal berdasarkan nilai tertinggi pada uji organoleptik disertai kandungan gizi yang memenuhi adalah pada perlakuan proporsi pati kimpul dan madu 15:15. Pada perlakuan ini didapatkan kadar air 16%, kadar abu 1.62%, kadar protein 7.71%, kadar lemak 5.89%, kadar karbohidrat 68.70%, tekstur 23.48 mm/g.s, kalori 362.18 kkal, kadar serat pangan 5.76%, dan uji organoleptik (rasa, aroma, warna, tekstur) menunjukkan nilai rasa 4.16 (suka), aroma 4.04 (suka), warna 4.28 (suka), dan tekstur 4.40 (suka).

The application of organics alone does not result in a dramatic rise in crop yields due to their low nutritional status and large quantity demand, which is also a restriction. As a result of the aforementioned implications, Greengram may now be grown using a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as bio-fertilizers. There for a felid experiment was conducted in Effect of various organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield, and economics of Kharif Greengram [Vigna radiata. (L.) Wilczek] in the Bundelkhand Region.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replication having 10 treatments. The application of Rhizobiumculture @ 25g/kg of seed along withVermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1; FYM @5 t ha-1and 100% RDF was found significantly superior in plant height (69.90cm), number of leaves per plant (60.50), leaf area index (1.88) and Number of Rhizobium nodules plant-1 (123.37) at 45 DAS, number of branches (8.43), Plant dry matter (362.11 g m-2), pods plant-1 (28.60), grain pod-1 (11.20), Length of pods (9.87cm), Seed index (4.50g), grain yield (11.41q ha-1), and straw yield (27.45q ha-1), Gross monetary returns(82330 Rs ha-1) were found higher in same treatment T10, as compared to other combination and control. However, highest benefit: cost ratio (3.44) was recorded with use of Rhizobium culture and application of 100% RDF (T2) as compared to other combination and control.

A strain of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) from Idaho was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies and determined to be similar to the NL-3 D strain (of Drifjhout) by reaction of differential bean cultivars. However, this BCMNV strain (designated NL-3 K) caused earlier and more severe symptoms on bean plants representing host groups 0, 4, and 5. The nucleotide sequence encoding the predicted polyprotein of NL-3 K was 9,893 nucleotides (nt) in length, yielding a peptide with a molecular size of 362.1 kDa compared with a 9,626-nt, 350.9-kDa polyprotein for NL-3 D. Sequence analysis of the putative P1 protein suggests that the NL-3 K strain is a recombinant between NL-3 D and the Russian strain (RU1) of Bean common mosaic virus. The P1 protein of NL-3 K consisted of 415 amino acids compared with 317 for NL-3 D. The first 114 predicted amino acids of the NL-3 K P1 region were 98% identical with RU1. The remaining 301 amino acids of the protein shared only 34% identity with RU1 but were 98% identical with NL-3 D. Primers were designed that flanked the recombination point in the P1 coding sequence of NL-3 K. An amplicon of the expected size was produced by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of total nucleic acid extracts of bean plants inoculated with NL-3 K, but not from those with NL-3 D or RU1. The increased symptom severity on selected common bean lines induced by NL-3 K suggests that the P1 gene may play a significant role in pathogenicity and virulence.

This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the heavy metal removal performance by a laboratory scale wetland based on the design of a constructed wetland treating surface runoff. Laboratory scale gravel-substrate subsurface-flow wetlands in a continuous recirculating mode were studied regarding the removal of Cu, Pb and Zn from contaminated water. After establishing the flow characteristics, the wetland was planted with Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris and Iris pseudacorus. The wetland system was dosed with increasing concentrations (1, 5 and 10mg/l) of Cu, Pb and Zn. Finally a shock load of metals (concentration 20 mg/l) was introduced to simulate a storm event. In each experiment water samples collected from the outlet at timed intervals were analysed and loadings calculated in order to assess the metal removal efficiency of the system. The removal efficiences and rates for these different doses ranged from 81.7% to 91.8% and 36.6 to 372.7 mg/m2/d for Cu, 75.8% to 95.3% and 30.8 to 387 mg/m2/d for Pb and 82.8% to 90.4% and 33.6 to 362.1 mg/m2/d for Zn respectively. Results for the storm simulation showed that in the time taken for the water level to subside to its original level (just below the substrate surface) at established outlet flow rates, the metal loadings leaving the system remained very low with the wetland system retaining over 99% of the metals. These results indicate the ability of the system to act as an efficient sink for heavy metals. The macrophytes were collected and segregated by species and subsurface tissue type (rhizomes, roots and root tips) and analysed for Cu, Pb and Zn. The results are discussed with respect to the surrounding peat substrate, biomass accumulation and the overall removal performance of the laboratory scale wetland.

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes of laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty for the management of pelvicoureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) using a systematic review and meta-analysis.In September 2022, electronic database searches were conducted using the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, clinical trial registries, and relevant conferences to identify relevant abstracts and presentations.MethodsProspective randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic to open pyeloplasty for PUJO were included in the review. There were no restrictions on date or language. All populations were included. The authors performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software.ResultsSix prospective randomized controlled trials involving 335 participants were included in the analysis. Six studies included data on the failure rate, with a slight favouring of open pyeloplasty compared to laparoscopic pyeloplasty, although this was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50 to 3.83).Five studies compared operative time, with open pyeloplasty found to have shorter times across all studies (mean difference [MD], 54.97 minutes; 95% CI 47.08 to 62.85).Based on 5 studies, laparoscopic pyeloplasty has a shorter hospital stay (MD, 4.12 days; 95% CI 3.64 to 4.59).Two studies compared postoperative analgesia requirements, showing a lower diclofenac requirement in the laparoscopic group (MD, 330.08 mg; 95% CI 298.05 to 362.11 mg).One study compared blood loss intraoperatively and found no significant difference between the groups (MD, 8.52 mL; 95% CI -2.49 to 19.53).Based on 4 studies, laparoscopic pyeloplasty may result in slightly higher complication rates postoperatively (OR, 1.49; 95% CI 0.53 to 4.18); however, there was no statistically significant difference.No subgroup analyses were conducted.ConclusionsLimited, low-quality evidence from small-scale trials suggests that laparoscopic pyeloplasty has improved outcomes in terms of shorter hospital stays and reduced postoperative pain compared to open pyeloplasty. Open pyeloplasty, on the other hand, had a shorter operative time. Failure rate, complication rate, and blood loss were comparable between the 2 approaches.

ABSTRACT Hingganite-(Nd), ideally Nd2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2, is a new gadolinite group, gadolinite supergroup mineral discovered at Zagi Mountain, near Kafoor Dheri, about 4 km S of Warsak and 30 km NW of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The new mineral forms zones measuring up to 1 × 1 mm2 in loose prismatic crystals up to 0.7 cm long, where it is intergrown with hingganite-(Y). Other associated minerals include aegirine, microcline, fergusonite-(Y), and zircon. Hingganite-(Nd) is dark greenish-brown, transparent, has vitreous luster and a white streak. It is brittle and has a conchoidal fracture. No cleavage or parting are observed. Mohs hardness is 5½–6. Dcalc. = 4.690 g/cm3. Hingganite-(Nd) is non-pleochroic, optically biaxial (+), α = 1.746(5), β = 1.766(5), γ = 1.792(6) (589 nm). 2Vmeas. = 80(7)°; 2Vcalc. = 84°. Dispersion of optical axes was not observed. The average chemical composition of hingganite-(Nd) is as follows (wt.%; electron microprobe, BeO, B2O3, and Lu2O3 content measured by LA-ICP-MS; H2O calculated by stoichiometry): BeO 9.64, CaO 0.45, MnO 0.10, FeO 3.03, B2O3 0.42, Y2O3 8.75, La2O3 1.63, Ce2O3 12.89, Pr2O3 3.09, Nd2O3 16.90, Sm2O3 5.97, Eu2O3 1.08, Gd2O3 5.15, Tb2O3 0.50, Dy2O3 2.50, Ho2O3 0.33, Er2O3 0.84, Tm2O3 0.10, Yb2O3 0.44, Lu2O3 0.04, ThO2 0.13, SiO2 23.55, H2O 2.72, total 100.25. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 2 Si apfu is (Nd0.513Ce0.401Y0.395Sm0.175Gd0.145Pr0.096Dy0.068La0.051Ca0.041Eu0.031Er0.022Tb0.014Yb0.011Ho0.009Tm0.003Th0.003Lu0.001)Σ1.979(□0.778Fe2+0.215Mn0.007)Σ1.000(Be1.967B0.062)Σ2.029Si2O8.46(OH)1.54. Hingganite-(Nd) is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 4.77193(15), b = 7.6422(2), c = 9.9299(2) Å, β = 89.851(2)°, V = 362.123(14) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.105 (95) (011), 4.959 (56) (002), 4.773 (100) (100), 3.462 (58) (102), 3.122 , 3.028 (61) (013), 2.864 (87) (121), 2.573 (89) (113). The crystal structure of hingganite-(Nd) was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to R = 0.034 for 2007 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). The new mineral is named as an analogue of hingganite-(Y), hingganite-(Yb), and hingganite-(Ce), but with Nd dominant among the rare earth elements.

Objectives. The present study intended to further verify that simvastatin-loaded nanomicelles (SVNs) enhanced the role of simvastatin (SV) in promoting osteoblast differentiation in vitro and to evaluate the effect of SVNs on bone defect repair in vivo. Methods. SVNs were synthesized by dialysis. MG63 cells were subjected to intervention with 0.25 μmol/l of SVNs and SV. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay kit and flow cytometry were used to determine cell proliferation activity, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. The osteoblastic differentiation of MG 63 cells was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and the expression levels of the osterix (Osx) and osteocalcin (OC) proteins. In addition, 0.5 mg of SVNs or SV was applied to the skull defect area of rabbits. Micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson’s trichrome staining were used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of new bone in three dimensions and two dimensions. Results. The SVNs had a mean diameter of 38.97 nm. The encapsulation and drug-loading efficiencies were 54.57 ± 3.15 % and 10.91 ± 0.63 % , respectively. In vitro, SVNs and SV can inhibit the proliferation activity and promote osteogenic differentiation of MG63 cells by arresting MG63 cells at the G0/G1 phase without increasing the apoptosis rate. In vivo quantitative results showed that the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV)/total volume (TV) ratio, and trabecular number (Tb.N) in the gelatin sponge with SVNs (SVNs-GS) group and gelatin sponge with SV (SV-GS) group were 362.1%, 292.0%; 181.3%, 158.0%; and 215.2%, 181.8% of those in the blank control (BC) group, respectively. Histological results identified the new bone tissue in each group as irregular fibrous bone, and the arrangement of trabecular bone was disordered. There were significantly more osteoblasts and new capillaries around the trabecular bone in the SVNs-GS group and SV-GS group than in both the BC and drug-free nanomicelle (DFNs) groups. Both in vitro and in vivo, SVNs exhibited greater osteogenic efficacy than SV. Conclusion. SVNs significantly improved the osteogenic efficacy of SV.

BackgroundWhen uric acid levels increase to reach the supersaturation level (>70 μg/ml), it transforms into its crystalline form and binds to surface lipids on immune cells. Phagocytes ingest this cellular debris and thereby receive a ‘danger signal’ from uric acid and are stimulated to mature and become immunostimulatory [1,2].ObjectivesConsidering uric acid helps to predict the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (3), we aim to establish whether uric acid induces a pro-inflammatory response in SSc in general and in SSc-PAH in particular.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were harvested from 16 SSc-PAH patients. PMBCs were isolated from 32 age- and sex-matched SSc-nonPAH patients with similar skin distribution and autoantibodies. Finally, PMBCs from 5 idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients and 16 age- and sex- matched healthy controls were collected. Cells were treated with or without uric acid in soluble form for 24 hours, and subsequently cytokine production was measured by Luminex, and mRNA levels were assessed using qPCR.ResultsBaseline expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was similar in SSc-PAH, SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. On mRNA level, urid acid stimulated IL-1 and IL-6 expression in all PBMCs but IL-1 and IL-6 expression was most potently upregulated in SSc patients compared to healthy controls (a 2-fold versus an 8-fold increase respectively). However, induction of IL-1 and IL-6 expression by urid acid-stimulated PBMCs was similar in SSc-PAH and SSc-nonPAH patients. Similarly, on protein level, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased in PBMCs from SSc patients compared to iPAH patients and healthy controls. Interestingly, we observed that urid-acid stimulated PBMCs from SSc-PAH patients produced significantly more IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to SSc-nonPAH patients.ConclusionIn this study we demonstrate that soluble uric orchestrates an excessive inflammatory response by facilitating more enhanced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in SSc-PAH compared to SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. These findings suggest that uric acid not only has a role in prediction of SSc-PAH but also contributes to the development of SSc-PAH.References[1]Shi Y. Caught red-handed: uric acid is an agent of inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2010 Jun;120(6):1809-11.[2]Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003;425(6957):516–521.[3]Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Grünig E, Bonderman D, Distler O, Khanna D, Müller-Ladner U, Pope JE, Vonk MC, Doelberg M, Chadha-Boreham H, Heinzl H, Rosenberg DM, McLaughlin VV, Seibold JR; DETECT study group. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jul;73(7):1340-9.Table 1.Baseline characteristics. Values in medians (SD) or number (%). LcSSc denotes limited cutaneous SSc, DcSSc diffuse cutaneous SSc, mRSS modified Rodnan skin score, NYHA New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, 6MWD 6 minutes walk distance.SSc-PAH (n=16)SSc-nonPAH (n=32)Idiopathic PAH (n=5)Healthy controls (n=16)Age in years, mean67.7 (10.5)66.9 (8.9)63 (15.8)61.4 (9.4)Female, n (%)13 (81.3)26 (81.3)5 (100)13 (8.3)SSc subtype LcSSc13 (81.3)26 (81.3) DcSSc3 (18.7)6 (18.7)mRSS4.8 (4.2)4.7 (4.2)Anticentromere positive (%)5 (31.3)13 (40.6)Telangiectasias, n (%)9 (56.3)13 (40.6)0NYHA class, n (%) I026 (81.3)0 II4 (25)5 (15.6)5 (100) III8 (50)1 (3.1)0 IV4 (25)00Creatinine (µmol/L)91.4 (27.4)76.4 (18.3)78.2 (23.5)Urate (µmol/L)0.4 (0.2)0.3 (0.1)0.4 (0.1)NT-proBNP (pg/ml)1455 (2228.2)129.4 (152.7)96.6 (42.0)6MWD (m)362.1 (103.5)593 (127.8)447.6 (42.3)Immunosuppression, n (%)9 (56.3)22 (68.8)0Urate lowering treatment, n (%)1 (6.3)1 (3.1)0Diuretics, n (%)11 (68.8)3 (9.4)3 (60)Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsArjan van Caam: None declared, Jacqueline Lemmers: None declared, Madelon Vonk Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novartis and Roche, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Ferrer and Galapagos, Sander van Leuven: None declared.