Academic literature on the topic '362.1/6'

This research aimed to conduct a comparison of 8 different forms of brewery spent grain (BSG) on their polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity as part of their potential as a functional food ingredient. The BSGs were dried until they reached a stable weight, grounded to pass through a 385 µm sieve and were vacuum packed in non-transparent packaging for further analysis. The results showed that BSG contained a high dietary fiber content which was dominated by a insoluble dietary fiber level of about 38.0–43.9% and a soluble dietary fiber content of about 3.9–9.6%. There were three groups of polyphenolic identified: flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and flavonols at quantities of 362.1–1165.7 mg/kg, 65.8–122.5 mg/kg and 3.6–13.8 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was examined using an in vitro assessment: the 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzthiazolin-6-Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS) capacity ranged from 0.086 to 0.241 mmol Trolox/100 g while the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) capacity ranged from 0.106 to 0.306 µmol TE/100 g. In conclusion, BSG as a brewery waste can potentially be used as a functional food ingredient due to its properties. It is suggested that further studies are needed to explore BSG’s impact on the development of functional food products.

Oregano is native to the Mediterranean region and it has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds particularly flavonoids that have been related with multiple bioactivities towards certain diseases. Oregano is cultivated in the island of Lemnos where the climate promotes its growth and thus it could be further used in promoting local economy. The aim of the present study was to establish a methodology for the extraction of total phenolic content along with the antioxidant capacity of oregano by using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions with regard to the extraction time, temperature, and solvent mixture with the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction. For the optimized extracts, identification of the most abundant flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol, and apigenin) was performed with an analytical HPLC-PDA and UPLC-Q-TOF MS methodology. The predicted optimal conditions of the statistical model were identified, and the predicted values confirmed. The linear factors evaluated, temperature, time, and ethanol concentration, all showed significant effect (p < 0.05), and the regression coefficient (R2) presented a good correlation between predicted and experimental data. Actual values under optimum conditions were 362.1 ± 1.8 and 108.6 ± 0.9 mg/g dry oregano with regard to total phenolic content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Additionally, further antioxidant activities by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (115.2 ± 1.2 mg/g dry oregano), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (13.7 ± 0.8 mg/g dry oregano), and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) (1.2 ± 0.2 mg/g dry oregano) assays were performed for the optimized extract. The extract acquired under the optimum conditions contain an adequate quantity of phenolic compounds that could be used in the production of functional foods by food enrichment procedure.

BackgroundWhen uric acid levels increase to reach the supersaturation level (>70 μg/ml), it transforms into its crystalline form and binds to surface lipids on immune cells. Phagocytes ingest this cellular debris and thereby receive a ‘danger signal’ from uric acid and are stimulated to mature and become immunostimulatory [1,2].ObjectivesConsidering uric acid helps to predict the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (3), we aim to establish whether uric acid induces a pro-inflammatory response in SSc in general and in SSc-PAH in particular.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were harvested from 16 SSc-PAH patients. PMBCs were isolated from 32 age- and sex-matched SSc-nonPAH patients with similar skin distribution and autoantibodies. Finally, PMBCs from 5 idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients and 16 age- and sex- matched healthy controls were collected. Cells were treated with or without uric acid in soluble form for 24 hours, and subsequently cytokine production was measured by Luminex, and mRNA levels were assessed using qPCR.ResultsBaseline expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was similar in SSc-PAH, SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. On mRNA level, urid acid stimulated IL-1 and IL-6 expression in all PBMCs but IL-1 and IL-6 expression was most potently upregulated in SSc patients compared to healthy controls (a 2-fold versus an 8-fold increase respectively). However, induction of IL-1 and IL-6 expression by urid acid-stimulated PBMCs was similar in SSc-PAH and SSc-nonPAH patients. Similarly, on protein level, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased in PBMCs from SSc patients compared to iPAH patients and healthy controls. Interestingly, we observed that urid-acid stimulated PBMCs from SSc-PAH patients produced significantly more IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to SSc-nonPAH patients.ConclusionIn this study we demonstrate that soluble uric orchestrates an excessive inflammatory response by facilitating more enhanced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in SSc-PAH compared to SSc-nonPAH, iPAH and healthy controls. These findings suggest that uric acid not only has a role in prediction of SSc-PAH but also contributes to the development of SSc-PAH.References[1]Shi Y. Caught red-handed: uric acid is an agent of inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2010 Jun;120(6):1809-11.[2]Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003;425(6957):516–521.[3]Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Grünig E, Bonderman D, Distler O, Khanna D, Müller-Ladner U, Pope JE, Vonk MC, Doelberg M, Chadha-Boreham H, Heinzl H, Rosenberg DM, McLaughlin VV, Seibold JR; DETECT study group. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jul;73(7):1340-9.Table 1.Baseline characteristics. Values in medians (SD) or number (%). LcSSc denotes limited cutaneous SSc, DcSSc diffuse cutaneous SSc, mRSS modified Rodnan skin score, NYHA New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, 6MWD 6 minutes walk distance.SSc-PAH (n=16)SSc-nonPAH (n=32)Idiopathic PAH (n=5)Healthy controls (n=16)Age in years, mean67.7 (10.5)66.9 (8.9)63 (15.8)61.4 (9.4)Female, n (%)13 (81.3)26 (81.3)5 (100)13 (8.3)SSc subtype LcSSc13 (81.3)26 (81.3) DcSSc3 (18.7)6 (18.7)mRSS4.8 (4.2)4.7 (4.2)Anticentromere positive (%)5 (31.3)13 (40.6)Telangiectasias, n (%)9 (56.3)13 (40.6)0NYHA class, n (%) I026 (81.3)0 II4 (25)5 (15.6)5 (100) III8 (50)1 (3.1)0 IV4 (25)00Creatinine (µmol/L)91.4 (27.4)76.4 (18.3)78.2 (23.5)Urate (µmol/L)0.4 (0.2)0.3 (0.1)0.4 (0.1)NT-proBNP (pg/ml)1455 (2228.2)129.4 (152.7)96.6 (42.0)6MWD (m)362.1 (103.5)593 (127.8)447.6 (42.3)Immunosuppression, n (%)9 (56.3)22 (68.8)0Urate lowering treatment, n (%)1 (6.3)1 (3.1)0Diuretics, n (%)11 (68.8)3 (9.4)3 (60)Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsArjan van Caam: None declared, Jacqueline Lemmers: None declared, Madelon Vonk Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novartis and Roche, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Ferrer and Galapagos, Sander van Leuven: None declared.

Background: Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a special subtype of rare central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Most of the pathologic types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of non-germinal central origin. Currently, the optimal treatment strategy for VRL is not clear, and the traditional treatment usually includes about 20 repeated intravitreal injections of low doses of methotrexate or intraocular local radiotherapy. Eventually, however, 60-90% of VRL will progress to PCNSL. Therefore, CNS prophylaxis of VRL patients is very important. A previous prospective clinical study of our research group (including 10 VRL patients) confirmed that single-drug BTK inhibitors can replace repeated intravitreal injection of low doses of methotrexate, with rapid effect, high safety, and certain value in preventing CNS progression. Methods: In order to further clarify the efficacy and safety of BTK inhibitors in VRL patients, we included 24 VRL patients who were consecutively admitted to the Hematology Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2020 to December 2022, and retrospectively analyzed their clinical features, treatment methods, treatment outcomes, survival status and treatment-related adverse reactions. Results: Of the 24 patients, 14 were female and 10 were male, with a median age of 62 years old (36-75). There were 18 patients with primary VRL (PVRL) and 6 patients with secondary VRL (SVRL) to PCNSL. The IL-10 in aqueous humor/vitreous fluid at baseline was significantly increased in all patients (362.1±89.5pg/mL), and the IL-10/IL-6 ratio was greater than 1. Except for one patient with both uncontrolled PCNSL and VRL, the other 23 VRL patients showed no evidence of CNS involvement by brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid detection. All 24 patients were treated with a BTK inhibitor (Zanubrutinib 160mg bid, or Orelabrutinib 150mg qd), of whom, 9 VRL patients were also treated with intravitreal methotrexate injection (0.4mg/ time, weekly ×12 times → monthly ×9 times) concurrently, and the remaining 15 patients did not receive any antitumor therapy other than BTK inhibitors. After 1 month of treatment with BTK inhibitors, the efficacy was evaluated by slit lamp microscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and aqueous humor cytokines. 21 patients achieved CR (87.5%), 2 PR (8.3%), and 1 PD (progression of CNS lesion but improvement of intraocular disease). The IL-10/IL-6 levels in aqueous humor were lower than 1 in all 24 patients 1 month after treatment, and the IL-10 levels in aqueous humor were slightly higher than the normal range in two patients. The median duration of BTK inhibitors use was 10 months (1.5-23.0 months). At a median follow-up of 17 months (5.4-31.5 months), 15 patients (62.5%) developed disease progression, including 11 patients (45.8%) with CNS progression and 4 patients (16.7%) with intraocular recurrence. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 11.9 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was not reached. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 34% and 26%, and the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 96% and 82%, respectively. The recurrence rate was 33.3% in the combined treatment group and 80.0% in the BTK inhibitors monotherapy group. A total of three patients died, all due to CNS progression. BTK inhibitors were generally well tolerated in VRL patients, with no adverse reactions that led to treatment discontinuation. 4 patients had grade 1-2 hypertension (16.7%), 1 patient had grade 1 hypotension (4.2%), 2 patients had grade 1 joint pain (8.5%), and 6 patients had grade 1 subcutaneous hemorrhage and ecchymosis (25.0%). Four patients developed COVID-19 infection while taking the drug and the drug was suspended. All four patients recovered from COVID-19 infection within 2 weeks and did not develop significant pneumonia. Conclusion: This is the largest report regarding the use of BTK inhibitors in VRL patients. BTK inhibitor has a rapid local control effect on VRL and is well tolerated. However, BTK inhibitors monotherapy has unsatisfied preventive effect on the CNS, and it is still necessary to explore the value of combinational therapy, such as combined BTK inhibitors and high-dose methotrexate.

We investigated chemical composition, nutritive and energy value of maize silage, produced in 1993, 1994 and 1995, consumed by dairy cows on Mercator-Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje. In 1993 the maize silage was drought-stricken, therefore for that year also in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter of two samples by drought differently stricken maize and of two samples of silage with different content of dry matter was stated. The content of dry matter of the analyzed samples of maize silage was the 275.8 and 362.4 g kg-1, with 252 and 254.7 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.38 and 6.41 MJ kg -1 NEL in it. The digestibility of dry matter was 0.664 and 0.660, while digestibility of organic matter was 0.657 and 0.652. The average of 6 samples of the analyzed silages produced in 1993 was 312.9 ± 19.9 g kg-1 of dry matter, and in it was 228.3 ± 13.1 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.54 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. In vitro digestibility of dry matter of maize silage with 311.1 g kg -1 of dry matter was 0.665, and organic matter 0.657; in silage with 347.2 g kg-1 of dry matter the digestibility of dry matter was 0.666, and of organic matter 0.660. In silage produced in 1994 (n=8) the average content of dry matter was 362.9 ± 50.6 g kg-1, and it was 231.5 ± 18.6 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.43 ± 0.2 MJ kg-1 NEL. The analyzed silage produced in 1995 (n=5) contained 307.9 ± 26.3 g kg -1 of dry matter, in which was 238.1 ± 11.3 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.3 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. Energy and nutritive values of silage produced in 1993, when the maize was stricken by drought, were actually lower than shown by calculation on the base of chemical analysis.

Abstract Background: Bleeding complications can have serious outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are usually related to thrombocytopaenia. In a recent work we demonstrated that platelets from MDS have impaired capacity to respond to agonist stimulation and exposed more phosphatidylserine (PS) than those from healthy controls whichever their platelet count was (Martin et al, Thromb Haemost., 2013;109:909-19). The exposure of PS in the outer layer of cell membranes supports coagulation through enhanced formation of the tenase (factors IXa, VIIIa and X) and prothrombinase (factors Xa, Va and prothrombin) complexes and thrombin generation. So, the possibility exists that these processes are increased in these patients. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study whether thrombus formation and thrombin generation is impaired in MDS patients with normal platelet count employing global coagulation tests thromboelastrometry (ROTEM) and Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT). Methods: Thirty-one MDS patients with normal platelet count and twenty healthy controls were included. Citrated blood was centrifuged at 152 g 10 min at 23°C for obtaining platelet rich plasma (PRP) and at 1,500 g for 15 min at 23°C for platelet-poor plasma (PPP). For ROTEM and CAT experiments, PRP was adjusted to a platelet count of 25 x 109/L. Aliquots for ROTEM assay were tested within the two hours after obtaining blood samples. For CAT experiments, adjusted PRP and PPP aliquots were stored at -70ºC until analysis. Kinetics of clot formation, non-activated ROTEM was performed on adjusted PRP. Clotting time (CT, time from start of measurement until initiation of clotting [in seconds], alpha angle, which reflects the rate of fibrin polymerisation (tangent to the curve at 2-mm amplitude [in degrees]), and maximum clot firmness, which reflects the maximum tensile strength of the thrombus (MCF, [in mm]), were recorded. Thrombin generation was measured in adjusted PRP without any trigger and in PPP with 1 pM tissue factor and 4 µM phospholipids (PPP-Reagent LOW, Thrombinoscope BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands) as trigger. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP, the total amount of thrombin generated over time); the lag time (the time to the beginning of the explosive burst of thrombin generation); the peak height of the curve (the maximum thrombin concentration produced); and the time to the peak were evaluated. Platelet activation was determined by PAC1 (BD, Madrid, Spain) binding after stimulation with 100 μM thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP, Bachem, Switzerland) and surface PS through Annexin-V binding and flow cytometry analyses. Results: Platelets from MDS patients had a reduced response to TRAP stimulation (control= 12016+6384 arbitrary units; MDS= 5829+3704 arbitrary units) and exposed more PS than controls (control= 362.1+80.5 MF; MDS= 378.5+173.5 MF). ROTEM experiments showed kinetic parameters corresponding to a hipocoagulable profile (CT: control= 550+95 sec, MDS= 922+216 sec, p<0.01; alpha angle control= 62.8+4.3, MDS= 47.5+6.0, p<0.05; A5: control= 29.8+3.2, MDS= 24.2+5.8, p<0.05 whereas MCF was similar to controls (control= 46.7+3.1mm, MDS= 47.5+4.3 mm). In order to evaluate whether the impaired clot formation was due to a reduction in plasma-associated thrombin generation, CAT experiments were performed in PPP samples. No differences were found between MDS patients and control group (ETP: control=1223.4+257.8 nMxmin, MDS= 1224.4+344 .1 nMxmin; peak: control= 279.5+54.7nM, MDS= 265.9+64.1 nM). On the other hand, when thrombin generation experiments were performed in adjusted PRP, ETP and peak values were lower than in control group (ETP: control=1574.8+430.5 nMxmin, MDS= 1167.4+354 nMxmin,p<0.05; peak: control= 225.6+82.9 nM, MDS= 266.9+92.2 nM, p<0.05). Conclusions: Platelet dysfunction might be resposible of bleeding complications observed in patients with MDS with normal platelet counts. Increment in PS exposure on platelet surface did not seem to compensate impairment in platelet function. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

NiAl matrix composite coatings were prepared using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The mechanical and tribocorrosion properties of the NiAl matrix composite coatings, incorporated with Cr2O3 and Mo, were investigated, and the synergistic effect between corrosion and wear was studied in detail. The microhardness of the composite coating improved from 195.1 to 362.2 HV through the addition of Cr2O3 and Mo. Meanwhile, the Cr2O3 and Mo phases were distributed uniformly in the composite coatings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of Ni-based solid solution slightly shifted to the right after adding the Mo. This was probably due to the solid solution of Mo into the matrix. The NiAl–Cr2O3–Mo composite coating had the lowest corrosion current density, wear rate and friction coefficient of 9.487 × 10−6 A/cm2, 3.63 × 10−6 mm3/Nm, and 0.18, in all composite coatings as well as showing excellent tribocorrosion properties.

Custom-made prosthetic replacement is a common method of limb reconstruction after surgery of bone tumors. A custom-made tumor knee prosthesis was retrieved after fracture of the tibial stem. The fracture of stem was considered to be associated with some misalignment between the axis of femur and that of the femoral stem, which might cause stress concentration within the tibial component and eventually lead to fracture. To verify this hypothesis, finite element analysis was carried out to study the effect of various tilting degree (6[Formula: see text] forward, 0[Formula: see text] and 6[Formula: see text] backward) of the stem in the sagittal plane on the stress distribution within the tibial component. The calculated maximum Von Mises stress in the tibial component was 225.8, 362.8 and 511.3[Formula: see text]MPa when the femoral component was tilted for 6[Formula: see text] forward, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] backward, respectively. The results demonstrated that the misalignment of femoral components in the sagittal plane has marked effect on the stress distribution of the tibial component.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the recurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME) after loading an injection of anti-VEGF agents by a pro re nata (PRN) protocol using central retinal thickness (CRT) as a re-injection criterion. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational single-center study. DME patients with a central retinal thickness (CRT) over 350 μm received a PRN injection of anti-VEGF agents following one to three consecutive monthly loading injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept) for 6 months from January 2012 to June 2019. Results: We enrolled a total of 72 eyes for loading injections and the mean CRT improved from 434.04 ± 139.4 μm (before treatment) to 362.9 ± 125.0 μm after the loading injection. One week after injection, 36 eyes (50%) obtained a CRT of ≤350 μm. Fourteen eyes (19.4%) remained with a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months without additional injections. A total of 22 eyes (30.6%) had a CRT of >350 μm at 6 months. Fifteen eyes did not receive additional injections because of visual improvement. Conclusions: About 20% of DME patients can be maintained at a CRT of ≤350 μm for 6 months with only a loading injection. However, there is a tendency to delay additional injections for patients with recurrences using PRN protocol.

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia a medio plazo de una nueva prótesis intravascular (VIABAHN(r)), y su seguridad, analizando la incidencia de eventos adversos asociados a su punción. Pacientes y Método: Se estudiaron 20 pacientes, a los que se les implantó VIABAHN(r), por pseudoaneurismas con trombosis, úlceras en las zonas de punción, fracaso de angioplastia o reestenosis en menos de 6 meses. Se estudió: Parámetros de la FAV, permeabilidad primaria y secundaria (6 y 12 meses), presencia de complicaciones y control del deterioro de la prótesis mediante flebografía a los 3 y 6 meses. Para la punción se esperó un periodo de 4 semanas. Resultados: Se analizó un periodo de 15±9.4 meses. La media de los parámetros funcionales de la FAV durante la hemodiálisis fue: Fs: 362.5±43.3 ml/min, PA: -209.5±35.6 mmHg, PV: 215.8±34.5 mmHg, Kt 55±5.4 l y Recirculación 12.7±3.7%. A los 6 meses el 66% (IC 95% 54-77) de los pacientes tenía permeabilidad primaria y el 77% (IC 95% 67-87) tenía permeabilidad secundaria. A los 12 meses el 38% (IC 95% 24-52) permeabilidad primaria y el 76% (IC 95% 66-87) permeabilidad secundaria. No se observaron eventos adversos relacionados con la punción, ni se objetivó radiológicamente deterioro en las prótesis. Hubo un episodio de infección que requirió la retirada de la prótesis. Conclusiones: La prótesis vascular recubierta VIABAHN(r) es eficaz y segura en el rescate de las FAVs nativas estenosadas y/o trombosadas, ya que proporciona excelentes parámetros de diálisis y alta permeabilidad primaria y secundaria.

Cotton is one of the hugely grown commercial crops in India, mainly in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Provisional data from the Meeting of the COCPC (2021), says that India stands first in the world in acreage with 120.69 Lakh Hectares area under cotton cultivation i.e., around 36% of world area of 333 Lakh Hectares. India is in the top position in the world with an estimated production of 362.18 lakh bales during the cotton season 2021-22 i.e., 23 per cent of the world’s cotton production of 1555 lakh bales. Telangana, the study area produced the highest cotton in South India region i.e., 66.45 lakh cotton bales in 2021-22 season, 14.63 per cent higher than the previous season. This shows the immense potential of the cotton production both in terms of employment and economy. ILO (2019) highlighted that cotton farming is one of the most challenging and labour - intensive activities. Lakhs of migrant and bonded labourers, even children and adolescents are being involved, sometimes as unpaid and invisible labour. Women are majorly involved in cotton picking, which is one of the labour - intensive activity in cotton farming. Despite these problems, mechanization is still lagging in cotton picking activity, which causes lot of drudgery and musculo-skeletal issues among them. This can in turn influence the work efficiency of the labour. Though there are cotton picking machines available in the market, farmers and farm labourers do not purchase and use them as they are unaffordable in price; unaware of the machinery and not sure of its efficiency. With these insights, the current study made an attempt to analyse the drudgery reduction among farm women by using a mechanized cotton picker. The study was conducted on ten farm women involved in cotton picking at Lillipur village of Maheswaram mandal, Telangana. Results showed that most of the sample were having a work experience between 6 - 9 years, worked for 4 - 8 hours per day in the picking season. The perceived exertion of work stress by all the sample was ‘very difficult’ while practicing the traditional method of cotton picking. However, it was ‘neutral’ for almost 70 per cent of the sample during the usage of hand operated cotton picker. There was a reduction in drudgery index in improved method (275.7+0.7) when compared to traditional method (276.2+0.5). The parameters related to physiological workload like resting, working and recovery heart rate, CCW, CCR etc., also showed positive changes by using improved cotton picking method. This study, through its results proved that increase in efficiency, drudgery reduction, saving time and effort of the labour can be done by adapting mechanization in farming activities. The results give an indication that taking up such small mechanization measures can surely help the farming community in a long run.