Journal articles: '342.240 8'

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Li, Songsen, Xiaohua Niu, Guangjie Pan, and Huili Chen. "Relationship Between Polymorphism of Adiponectin Gene SNPS+276 and Coronary Heart Disease." Heart Surgery Forum 21, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): E337—E340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.2015.

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Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between polymorphism of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene SNPS+276 and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A total of 582 inpatients were enrolled and divided into Group CHD (342 cases) and the control group (CON, 240 cases), according to their angiographic results from June 2014 to April 2016 for the genotype (G/T) analysis of ADIPOQ SNPs+276 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Group CHD: GG 110 (32%), GT 205 (59%), and TT27 (8%); Group CON: GG 36 (15%), GT 161 (67%), and TT 43 (18%) (P < .05). The frequency of allele G in group CHD was 62.1% and 48.5% in group CON (P < .05). The frequencies of genotype GG, GT, and TT were 67 (33.3%), 107 (53.2%), and 27 (13.5%), respectively, in the group with single vascular lesion, and 64 (45.4%), 53 (37.6%), and 24 (17%), respectively, in the group with multiple vascular lesions. There was statistical significance between the two groups (P < .05). Conclusions: The 276G gene of adiponectin may be a susceptibility gene of CHD, and the genotype GG may be related to the severity of this disease.

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Vlasova, Natalia N., N. I. Prokhorov, S. V. Kuznetsov, A. A. Danilina, N. I. Nikolashvili, and K. K. Mnatsakanyan. "CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF ORAL DEBRIDEMENT AND TEETH BLEACHING SAFETY IN PATIENTS WITH TEETH ABFRACTIONS AND GINGIVAL RECESSION." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-3-339-342.

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Introduction. The most of dental practitioners have some doubts about teeth bleaching safety in patients with teeth abfractions and gingival recession. Aim. Assessment of professional oral debridement and teeth bleaching safety in patients with teeth abfractions and gingival recession. Material and methods. Randomized controlled trial was done in two groups of 30 patients with teeth abfractions and gingival recession. In group 1 oral debridement and professional dental bleaching were performed. Abfractions and recessions were isolated with a liquid dam. In group 2 oral debridement was made. The vertical size of recession, Tooth Wear Index and Schiff air sensitivity index were evaluated. Results. After 12 months the enlargement of wedge defects was pronounced in 5 teeth in group 1 and in 7 teeth in group 2. The enlargement of the gingival recession was marked in 6 teeth in group 1 and in 8 teeth in group 2. No statistical difference between groups was seen. In group 1 after teeth bleaching the sensitivity was present in 240 teeth (40%), after 14 days amount of teeth with sensitivity reduced to 110 (18.3%). In group 2 after oral debridement, the sensitivity was present in 250 teeth (41.7%), after 14 days amount of teeth with sensitivity reduced to 239 (39.8%). Conclusion. The teeth bleaching has no effect on dental abfractions and gingival recession.

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Barra, Lillian, Vivian Bykerk, Janet E. Pope, Boulos P. Haraoui, Carol A. Hitchon, J. Carter Thorne, Edward C. Keystone, and Gilles Boire. "Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies and Rheumatoid Factor Fluctuate in Early Inflammatory Arthritis and Do Not Predict Clinical Outcomes." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 8 (February 1, 2013): 1259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120736.

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Objective.In inflammatory arthritis, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are believed to be associated with more severe clinical outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether ACPA and RF remain stable in early inflammatory arthritis and whether their trajectories over time or baseline levels predicted clinical outcomes.Methods.The study population consisted of patients enrolled in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort Study with baseline and at least 12-month followup values of RF and ACPA. Primary outcomes were Disease Activity Score (DAS) remission and the presence of erosions at 12 and 24 months. Other objectives included swollen joint count, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and DAS.Results.At baseline, 225/342 (66%) patients were ACPA-positive and 334/520 (64%) were RF-positive. At 24 months, 15/181 (8%) ACPA-positive patients became negative. A larger number of patients changed from ACPA-negative to positive: 13/123 (11%). For RF, fluctuations were more common: 67/240 (28%) reverted from positive to negative and 21/136 (18%) converted from negative to positive. RF and ACPA fluctuations did not predict disease outcomes. Patients who remained ACPA-positive throughout followup were more likely to have erosive disease (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.68, 8.92).Conclusion.RF and ACPA have the potential to revert and convert during the early course of disease. Fluctuations in RF and ACPA were not associated with clinical outcomes.

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Batista, Luiz Fernando Dias, Madeline E. Rivera, Egleu D. M. Mendes, Keara O'Reilly, and Luis O. Tedeschi. "342 Effectiveness of Liver Abscess-Controlling Antibiotic on Rumen Kinetics of Beef Steers Consuming a High-Grain Diet." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.324.

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Abstract Virginiamycin (VM) possesses antimicrobial properties due to its blocking of protein synthase in Gram-positive bacteria, allowing it to reduce lactic acidosis and the incidence of liver abscesses in ruminants. Ruminal acidosis is a common metabolic disorder that affects feedlot and dairy cattle and occurs when the supply of organic acids from fermentation exceeds its absorption and degradation, accumulating acid content in the rumen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different doses of VM administration on in vivo and in vitro ruminal digestion kinetics of beef steers consuming a high-grain diet [metabolizable energy (ME): 2.99 Mcal/kg; Crude Protein (CP): 15.2 % dry matter basis (DM)]. Nine ruminally cannulated British-crossbred steers (596 ± 49 kg) were assigned to this experiment. Animals were housed in three pens (n = 3/pen) equipped with a Calan gate feed system and water trough. Pens were enrolled in a 3×3 Latin square design containing three periods of 16 d, and a 5-d washout interval between periods. Dietary treatments consisted of VM administration at 0 mg/d (VM0), 180 mg/d (VM180), and 240 mg/d (VM240). During d 15 and 16 of each period, about 600 mL of rumen fluid was collected before (0 h) and at 4, 8, 12, and 16 h relative to the morning feed (0730 h) pH and redox potential (Eh) measurements were taken immediately after collection using a portable pH and redox meter, and subsamples were taken for volatile fatty acids (VFA), and NH3-N analyses. During the 4-h post-morning feed rumen collection, rumen inoculum was utilized to perform in vitro gas production (IVGP) measurements. All statistical procedures were performed using SAS software where steer was considered the experimental unit, and period and square were included as random. Acetate, propionate, and total VFA did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.50), whereas butyrate increased linearly (P = 0.033) as the VM dose increased. Acetate:propionate ratio did not differ among treatments (P = 0.273). Lactate concentration decreased linearly (P = 0.027) as the VM dose increased; likewise, pH increased linearly (P = 0.019) as the VM dose increased. Branched-chain VFA and NH3-N concentrations increased linearly (P ≤ 0.056) as the VM dose increased. The total and rate of gas production were similar among treatments (P ≥ 0.161). However, second-pool gas production increased linearly as VM inclusion increased (P = 0.023). The in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility did not differ among treatments (P = 0.984). The provision of VM altered the rumen dynamics in a dose-dependent manner. Animals consuming high-grain diets will likely promote rumen health through a more stable pH and fermentation profile.

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Besford, R. T., B. Thomas, N. S. Huskisson, and G. W. Butcher. "Characterization of Conformers of D 1 of Photosystem II Using Site-Directed Antibodies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0610.

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Abstract Antibodies have been raised to synthetic peptides, corresponding to a region in the loop spanning helices 4 and 5 of D 1 protein (Ala 250-Phe 265) and to a region anticipated to be near the C terminus of mature D 1 (His 332-Ala 345). Polyclonal antibodies to the sequence His 332-Ala 345 reacted with a 32 kDa polypeptide in thylakoid preparations identified as D 1 from its resistance (pea) or susceptibility (wheat) to lysine-C degradation. A monoclonal antibody to His 332-Ala 345 reacted preferentially with a faster migrating polypeptide in SDS electrophoresis, a putative conformer of D 1. Polyclonal antibodies to the sequence Ala 250- Phe 265 also reacted with the faster running polypeptide but not with the population of molecules running at 32 kDa. The putative conformer of D 1 from wheat appears to be more resistant than the main D1 population to lysine-C degradation. Peptide analyses by Takahashi et al. [(1988) FEBS Lett, 240, 6 - 8 ] suggest Asn 335-Ala 344 lies at the processed C terminus. The present report provides immunological confirmation that this sequence is retained in mature D 1.

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Spoudeas, H. A., P. C. Hindmarsh, D. R. Matthews, and C. G. D. Brook. "Evolution of growth hormone neurosecretory disturbance after cranial irradiation for childhood brain tumours: a prospective study." Journal of Endocrinology 150, no. 2 (August 1996): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1500329.

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Abstract To determine the aetiopathology of post-irradiation growth hormone (GH) deficiency, we performed a mixed longitudinal analysis of 56 24 h serum GH concentration profiles and 45 paired insulin-induced hypoglycaemia tests (ITT) in 35 prepubertal children, aged 1·5–11·8 years, with brain tumours in the posterior fossa (n=25) or cerebral hemispheres (n = 10). Assessments were made before (n = 16), 1 year (n = 25) and 2 to 5 years (n = 15) after a cranial irradiation (DXR) dose of at least 30 Gy. Fourier transforms, occupancy percentage, first-order derivatives (FOD) and mean concentrations were determined from the GH profiles taken after neurosurgery but before radiotherapy (n = 16) and in three treatment groups: Group 1: neurosurgery only without DXR (n = 9); Group 2: ≥30 Gy DXR only (n = 22); Group 3: ≥30 Gy DXR with additional chemotherapy (n = 9). Results were compared with those from 26 short normally growing (SN) children. Compared with SN children, children with brain tumours had faster GH pulse periodicities (200 min vs 140 min) and attenuated peak GH responses to ITT (24·55 (19·50–30·20) vs 8·32 (4·57–15·14) mU/I) after neurosurgery, before radiotherapy. However, spontaneous GH peaks (19·05 (15·49–23·44) vs 14·13 (9·12–21·38) mU/l), 24 h mean GH (5·01 (4·37–5·62) vs 3·98 (2·63–5·89) mU/l) and FODs (1·43 (1·17–1·69) vs 1·22 (0·88–1·56) mU/l per min) were similar. The abnormalities present before radiotherapy persisted in group 1 children at 1 year when 24 h mean GH (2·45 (1·17– 5·01) mU/l) and FODs (0·73 (0·26–1·20) mU/l per min) were additionally suppressed, although partial recovery was evident by 2 years. With time from radiotherapy, there was a progressive increase in GH pulse periodicity (Group 2: 200 min at 1 year, 240 min at ≥2 years; Group 3: 140 min at 1 year, 280 min at ≥2 years) and a decrease in 24 h mean GH (Group 2 vs Group 3 at ≥2 years: 2·45 (1·70–3·47) vs 1·86 (1·32–2·69) mU/l) and FODs (Group 2 vs Group 3 at ≥2 years; 0·56 (0·44–0·69) vs 0·44 (0·27–0·61) mU/l per min). Initial discrepancies between measures of spontaneous and stimulated (ITT) GH peaks were lost by 2 or more years (spontaneous vs ITT; Group 2: 7·76 (5·89–9·77) vs 3·80 (0·91–15·84) mU/l; Group 3: 6·03 (4·27–8·32) vs 3·80 (0·31–46·77) mU/l). After cranial irradiation, a number of changes evolved within the GH axis: faster GH pulse periodicities and discordance between physiological and pharmacological tests of GH secretion before irradiation gave way to a slow GH pulse periodicity, decreased GH pulse amplitude and rate of GH change (FOD) and, with time, eventual concordance between physiological and pharmacological measures. The evolution of these disturbances may well reflect differential pathology affecting hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 329–342

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BOSWORTH, R. J. B. "THE ITALIAN NOVECENTO AND ITS HISTORIANS." Historical Journal 49, no. 1 (February 24, 2006): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05005169.

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The politics of Italian national identity. Edited by Gino Bedani and Bruce Haddock. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000. Pp. vii+296. ISBN 0-7083-1622-0. £40.00.Fascist modernities: Italy, 1922–1945. By Ruth Ben-Ghiat. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. Pp. x+317. ISBN 0-520-22363-2. £28.50.Le spie del regime. By Mauro Canali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004. Pp. 863. ISBN 88-15-09801-1. €70.00.I campi del Duce: l'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940–1943). By Carlo Spartaco Capogreco. Turin: Einaudi, 2004. Pp. xi+319. ISBN 88-06-16781-2. €16.00.The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: essays in comparative history. Edited by Enrico Dal Lago and Rick Halpern. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. 256. ISBN 0-333-73971-X. £28.50.Disastro! Disasters in Italy since 1860: culture, politics, society. Edited by John Dickie, John Foot, and Frank M. Snowden, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. ix+342. ISBN 0-312-23960-2. £32.50.Remaking Italy in the twentieth century. By Roy Palmer Domenico. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. Pp. xiv+181. ISBN 0-8476-9637-5. £16.95.Twentieth century Italy: a social history. By Jonathan Dunnage. Harlow: Pearson, 2002. Pp. xi+271. ISBN 0-582-29278-6. £16.99.Milan since the miracle: city, culture and identity. By John Foot. Oxford: Berg, 2001. Pp. xiv+240. ISBN 1-85973-550-9. £14.99.Squadristi: protagonisti e tecniche della violenza fascista, 1919–1922. By Mimmo Franzinelli. Milan: Mondadori, 2003. Pp. 464. ISBN 88-04-51233-4. €19.00.For love and country: the Italian Resistance. By Patrick Gallo. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. Pp. viii+362. ISBN 0-7618-2496-0. $55.00.The struggle for modernity: nationalism, futurism and Fascism. By Emilio Gentile. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. Pp. xix+203. ISBN 0-275-97692-0. $69.95.Italy and its discontents. By Paul Ginsborg. Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, 2001. Pp. xv+521. ISBN 0-713-99537-8. £25.00.Silvio Berlusconi: television, power and patrimony. By Paul Ginsborg. London: Verso, 2004. Pp. xvi+189. ISBN 1-84467-000-7. £16.00.Fascists. By Michael Mann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. x+429. ISBN 0-521-53855-6. £15.99.Mussolini: the last 600 days of Il Duce. By Ray Moseley. Dallas: Taylor Trade publishing, 2004. Pp. vii+432. ISBN 1-58979-095-2. $34.95.Lo stato fascista e la sua classe politica, 1922–1943. By Didier Musiedlak. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2001. Pp. 585. ISBN 88-15-09381-8. €32.00.Italy's social revolution: charity and welfare from Liberalism to Fascism. By Maria Sophia Quine. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. xv+429. ISBN 0-333-63261-3. £55.00.La seduzione totalitaria: guerra, modernità, violenza politica (1914–1918). By Angelo Ventrone. Rome: Donzelli, 2003. Pp. xvi+288. ISBN 88-7989-840-X. €24.00.With its winning of an American Academy Award, the film Life is beautiful (1997), brought its director and leading actor, Roberto Benigni, global fame. Benigni's zaniness and self-mockery seemed to embody everything that has convinced foreigners that Italians are, above all, brava gente (nice people). Sometimes, this conclusion can have a supercilious air – niceness can easily be reduced to levity or fecklessness. In those university courses that seek to comprehend the terrible tragedies of twentieth-century Europe, Italians seldom play a leading role. German, Russian, Polish, Yugoslav, and even British and French history are each riven with death and disaster or, alternatively, with heroism and achievement. In such austere company, brava gente can seem out of place.

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Kuroda, Yoshiyuki, Shohei Takatsu, Tatsuya Taniguchi, Yuta Sasaki, Ikuo Nagashima, Akihiko Inomata, Yoshinori Nishiki, et al. "Β-Feooh Nanorods As a Highly Active Self-Repairing Anode Catalyst for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered By Renewable Energy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 26 (October 9, 2022): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02261020mtgabs.

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The use of renewable energy as a primary energy source is urged because of the rapid progress of global warming. Because the renewable energy is unevenly distributed in terms of place and time, the production of hydrogen from renewable energy is crucial. Alkaline water electrolysis is a cost-effective technology for this purpose, though the degradation of electrodes under fluctuating power of renewable energy is recently regarded as a crucial problem. We have recently reported that a in-situ repair of anode catalyst (self-repairing catalyst), supplying fresh catalyst from electrolyte is quite useful to improve the lifetime under unsteady operation [1]. A hybrid cobalt hydroxide nanosheet (Co-ns) was used as the self-repairing catalyst, whereas its electrocatalytic activity is moderate. In this study, we demonstrate the use of β-FeOOH nanorods (β-FeOOH-nr) as a highly active and durable self-repairing catalyst. Because β-FeOOH-nr consists of iron as a metallic element, it is promising for its low cost and resource abundance. β-FeOOH-nr was synthesized by the coprecipitation of Fe3+ with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, followed by heating at 80 °C. The width and length of β-FeOOH-nr were 3–6 nm and 4–200 nm, respectively. The Fe K-edge XANES analysis showed that β-FeOOH-nr consists of Fe3+ species. Electrochemical tests were performed in a three-electrode PFA cell, using a nickel wire, a nickel coil, and a reversible hydrogen electrode, as working, counter, and reference electrodes, respectively. The β-FeOOH-nr was dispersed in 1 M KOH as an electrolyte. β-FeOOH-nr was first deposited on the nickel wire electrode by constant current electrolysis at 1 A·cm–2 for 240 min (30 min × 8 cycles). β-FeOOH-nr formed a thin layer of bundled nanorods and exhibited the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 320 mV at 100 mA cm–2, while previously reported Co-ns exhibited 342 mV. In addition, the activation of β-FeOOH-nr-coated electrode is almost finished at the first 30 min of the electrolysis, whereas Co-ns required 240 min for the activation. Because β-FeOOH-nr-coated electrode exhibited high OER activity with a small amount of β-FeOOH-nr deposited on the electrode, β-FeOOH-nr could activate electrode with shorted electrolysis time. The β-FeOOH-nr-coated electrode indicated the redox peak due to Ni2+/Ni3+ at 1.44 V vs. RHE which is at higher potential than that of a bare nickel electrode, implying that β-FeOOH-nr formed composite with active nickel species, such as Ni(OH)2 as highly active materials. The durability of the catalyst-coated electrode was examined in the presence of β-FeOOH-nr in the electrolyte by the newly reported shutdown-based accelerated durability test (SD-ADT) [2]. SD-ADT consists of multiple cycles of constant current electrolysis at 600 mA·cm–2 for 1 min and potential retainment at low potential of 0.5 V vs. RHE for 1 min. A bare nickel electrode is degraded only within 50 cycles by the SD-ADT (OER overpotential reached 640 mV at the 200th cycle), whereas β-FeOOH-nr-coated nickel electrode retained its low OER overpotential of 285 mV in at least 4000 cycles. Comparing with the SD-ADT in the absence of β-FeOOH-nr in the electrolyte, it was shown that β-FeOOH-nr was deposited during the SD-ADT to repair degraded electrode. In conclusion, β-FeOOH-nr was shown to be a useful anode catalyst for alkaline water electrolysis powered by fluctuating renewable energy. By dispersing β-FeOOH-nr in an electrolyte, the alkaline water electrolyzer can establish self-repairing system with very long lifetime under frequent potential change. The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL16B2 of SPring-8 with approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2021A5310). This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 20H02821) from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Japan. Part of this study uses outcomes of the development of fundamental technology for the advancement of water electrolysis hydrogen production in the advancement of hydrogen technologies and utilization projects (grant number JPNP14021) commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) in Japan. References [1] Y. Kuroda, T. Nishimoto, S. Mitsushima, Electrochim. Acta, 323, 134812 (2019). [2] A. Abdel Haleem, K. Nagasawa, Y. Kuroda, Y. Nishiki, A. Zaenal, S. Mitsushima, Electrochemistry, 89, 186 (2021). Figure 1

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Taylor, Lloyd W. H., Michael Kodysz, and Davide Bianchini. "A Catalogue of New Varieties." KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 4 (December 31, 2021): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v4i.1119.

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1. Seleukid Kingdom, Seleukos I Nikator, 312-281 BC, Babylonia Uncertain Mint 6A (Opis). 2. Uncertain Eastern Seleukid Satrapy, c. 300-250 BC. 3. Uncertain East, Sogdiana (?), c. 240-200 BC. 4. Uncertain East, Sogdiana (?), c. 240-200 BC. 5. Septimius Severus, Emesa 6. Septimius Severus, Emesa 7. Septimius Severus, Emesa 8. Julia Domna, Emesa 9. Elagabalus, Rome 10. Elagabalus, Rome 11. Elagabalus, Eastern (usually attributed to Antioch) 12. Severus Alexander, Eastern (usually attributed to Antioch) 13. Volusian as Augustus, Antioch mint. 14. Claudius II, Siscia mint. 15. Claudius II, Antioch mint.

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Borad, M. J., E. G. Chiorean, J. R. Molina, A. C. Mita, J. R. Infante, W. R. Schelman, A. M. Traynor, G. Vlahovic, D. S. Mendelson, and S. G. Reddy. "Clinical benefits TH-302, a tumor-selective, hypoxia-activated prodrug, and gemcitabine in first-line pancreatic cancer (PanC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.265.

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265 Background: Gemcitabine (G) is the standard treatment for first- line PanC. PanC is one of the most hypoxic solid tumors. TH-302 is an inert prodrug of brominated isophosphoramide mustard and undergoes selective activation in deep hypoxia. As a single agent, tumor responses were reported in patients (pts) with metastatic melanoma, SCLC, and head/neck cancer at TH-302 weekly doses of 480-575 mg/m2. Methods: Eligible pts for the PanC expansion of this phase I/II study ( NCT00743379 ) had ECOG <1, locally advanced or metastatic PanC previously untreated with systemic chemotherapy other than adjuvant G, 5FU, and/or radiation. IV TH-302 was dosed at 240-575 mg/m2 (240 or 340 in expansion) with standard dose G (1000 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Serum protein and microRNA hypoxia biomarkers were analyzed at baseline, start of cycle 3 and end of study. Results: 46 PanC subjects (12 locally advanced, 34 distant mets); median age: 63 (range 41-83); 24 male; ECOG 0/1 in 29/17 pts; RECIST response rate (RR) of 21%, median PFS of 6.1 mo (95%CI 4.8, 7.7) and median survival of 11.4 mo (95%CI 6.0, not reached) were observed. RR was 23% with median survival of 7.4 mo in pts with distant mets. 52% of pts had a >50% decrease in CA19-9. Common adverse events were skin or mucosal toxicity, nausea, fatigue and vomiting; most grade 1/2. Grade 3/4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia in 68%, 64%, and 20% of pts respectively. The dose intensities at 240 mg/m2 and 340 mg/m2 were similar and related to hematologic toxicities. Skin toxicities were less common at 240 mg/m2. A TH-302 dose response was present with higher RR and PFS at 340 mg/m2. Initial serum hypoxia biomarkers did not identify a preferential pt population. Conclusions: The activity and clinical benefits of the combination of TH-302 with G in first line PanC are promising as compared to previous studies of G alone. TH-302 adds to the hematologic toxicity of G, but the regimen is well tolerated. The safety and activity provided rationale for comparing TH-302 plus G versus G alone in a randomized phase II trial ( NCT01144455 ) and indicate TH-302 may complement G by penetrating into the hypoxic regions of the PanC tumors where activation induces cytotoxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Pallikarakis, N., B. Jandrain, F. Pirnay, F. Mosora, M. Lacroix, A. S. Luyckx, and P. J. Lefebvre. "Remarkable metabolic availability of oral glucose during long-duration exercise in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.3.1035.

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It was reported previously that glucose ingestion prior to or at the beginning of muscular exercise was a readily available metabolic substrate. The aim of this study was to see what percentage of carbohydrate utilization can be covered by glucose ingested regularly during exercise. Male healthy volunteers exercised for 285 min at approximately 45% of their individual maximal O2 uptake on a 10% uphill treadmill. After 15 min adaptation to exercise they received either 200 g (group G 200) or 400 g (group G 400) glucose (0.25 g X ml H2O-1) orally in eight equal doses repeated every 30 min (G 200 = 8 X 25 g, n = 4; G 400 = 8 X 50 g, n = 4). Indirect calorimetry was used to evaluate carbohydrate and lipid oxidation. Naturally labeled [13C]glucose was used to follow the oxidation of the exogenous glucose. Total carbohydrate oxidation was 341 +/- 22 and 332 +/- 32 g, lipid oxidation was 119 +/- 8 and 105 +/- 5 g, and exogenous glucose oxidation was 137 +/- 4 and 227 +/- 13 g (P less than 0.005) in groups G 200 and G 400, respectively. Endogenous glucose oxidation was about half in G 400 of what it was in G 200: 106 +/- 27 vs. 204 +/- 24 g (P less than 0.02). During the last hour of exercise, exogenous oxidation represented 55.3 and 87.5% of total carbohydrate oxidation for groups G 200 and G 400, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Ghobrial, Irene M., Jacob Laubach, Philippe Armand, Erica Boswell, Courtney Hanlon, Stacey Chuma, Esther Dawn Chu, et al. "Phase I study of TH-302, an investigational hypoxia-targeted drug, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 8602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8602.

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8602 Background: TH-302 is an investigational 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator Br-IPM designed to be selectively activated in hypoxia. In multiple myeloma (MM) mouse models, diseased animals demonstrate a marked expansion of areas of hypoxia in the bone marrow. TH-302 exhibited anti-tumor activity against MM in vitro and in vivo and synergism was seen when combined with bortezomib (Hu et al, Blood 2010; Chesi et al, Blood 2012). Based on these findings, a phase I/II study of TH-302 plus dexamethasone (dex) was initiated for patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory MM. Methods: Eligible pts in the study (NCT01522872) had ECOG PS ≤ 2, receipt of at least two prior therapies, and acceptable hepatorenal function and hematologic status. A standard 3+3 dose escalation design was used with a fixed oral 40 mg dose of dex and 40% dose increments of TH-302. TH-302 was administered IV with dex on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. The objectives were to determine DLTs and the MTD; assess the safety, tolerability and preliminary clinical activity of TH-302 plus dex; and study the relationship between hypoxia within the bone marrow and response to TH-302. Results: Eleven pts have been treated: 7M/4F with a median age 61 years (range: 53 – 86) and 6 prior therapies (range: 3 – 10). All received both bortezomib and lenalidomide/thalidomide containing regimens. TH-302 was dosed at 240 (n=5), 340 (n=4), and 480 (n=2) mg/m² for a median of 5 cycles. No DLTs were reported at 240 or 340 mg/m². Two pts treated at 480 mg/m² had DLTs of grade 3 mucositis, exceeding the definition of MTD. A dose expansion is thus ongoing at 340 mg/m2. Two patients had SAEs related to TH-302 (pneumonia). Five pts continue on study after a median of 7 cycles (range: 2–11). Nine pts have had efficacy evaluations: 2 pts with partial responses, 2 pts with minimal responses, and 5 pts with stable disease, for an overall response rate (of MR or better) of 44%. Conclusions: TH-302 can be administered at 340 mg/m2 biweekly + dex, with dose limiting mucositis seen at higher doses. Initial clinical activity has been noted with an ORR of 44% in heavily pretreated MM pts who are relapsed/refractory to both bortezomib and lenalidomide. Clinical trial information: NCT01522872.

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Quintanar Gómez, Samuel, Ainhoa Arana-Cuenca, Yuridia Mercado Flores, Jorge Noel Gracida Rodríguez, and Alejandro Téllez-Jurado. "Effect of particle size and aeration on the biological delignification of corn straw using Trametes sp. 44." BioResources 7, no. 1 (November 16, 2011): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.1.327-344.

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Straw is an agricultural byproduct that can be utilized to obtain bioethanol without affecting animal or human sustinence. This process involves recovering the sugars and reducing the lignin content present through the use of ligninolytic fungi such as the basidiomycete Trametes sp. 44. Fermentation was carried out using particle sizes 4 (4.76 mm, No. 4 sieve) and 8 (2.30 mm, No. 8 sieve), and two velocities of airflow (100 and 200 mL/min). Study results showed that particle size affected the production of hydrolytic enzymes, as particle size 8 favored the expression of cellulases and hemicellulases. In addition, both aeration and particle size affected the expression of ligninolytic enzymes, as it was observed that with particle size 8 and airflow of 200 mL/min, the study detected 63 AU/mL of LiP and 11 AU/mL of MnP. In the case of laccase, the enzymatic activity detected reached 220 AU/mL using particle size 8 and an airflow velocity of 200 mL/min. Statistical analysis indicated that the treatment that produced the highest biological delignification occurred when Trametes sp. 44 was grown on corn straw at particle size 4 and airflow of 100 mL/min, conditions that yielded 34% delignification at day 12 of fermentation.

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Ghobrial, Irene M., Jacob P. Laubach, Noopur Raje, Philippe Armand, Robert L. Schlossman, Erica N. Boswell, Courtney Hanlon, et al. "Phase 1 Study Of TH-302, An Investigational Hypoxia-Targeted Drug, and Dexamethasone In Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1948.1948.

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Abstract Background In multiple myeloma (MM) mouse models, diseased animals demonstrate a marked expansion of areas of hypoxia in the bone marrow, suggesting that hypoxia may be a therapeutically meaningful target in this disease. TH-302 is an investigational 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator bromo-isophosphoramide (Br-IPM) designed to be selectively activated in hypoxia. TH-302 exhibited anti-tumor activity in preclinical MM models in vitro and in vivo (Hu et al, Blood 2010; Chesi et al, Blood 2012), and synergism was seen when combined with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Hu et al, Mol Cancer Ther 2013). Based on these findings, a Phase 1/2 study of TH-302 plus dexamethasone was initiated for patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Methods Eligible patients in the study (NCT01522872) had ECOG PS ≤ 2, receipt of at least 2 prior therapies, and acceptable hepatorenal function and hematologic status. A standard 3+3 dose escalation design was used with a fixed oral 40 mg dose of dexamethasone (dex) and 40% dose increments of TH-302. TH-302 was administered IV with dex on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. The objectives were to determine dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD); assess the safety, tolerability and preliminary clinical activity of TH-302 plus dex; and study the relationship between hypoxia within the bone marrow and response to TH-302. Results As of August 2013, 13 patients have been treated: 8 males/5 females with a median age of 59 years (range: 53 – 86) and 6 prior therapies (range: 3 – 10). All had previously received both bortezomib and lenalidomide/thalidomide containing regimens as well as an alkylating agent. TH-302 was dosed at 240 (n=5), 340 (n=6), and 480 (n=2) mg/m² for a median of 5 cycles (range: 1 – 18). No DLTs were reported at 240 or 340 mg/m². Two patients treated at 480 mg/m² had DLTs of grade 3 mucositis, exceeding the definition of MTD. Four patients had serious adverse events (SAEs) related to TH-302 (pneumonia (n=2), proctalgia (n=1), anemia (n=1)). Three patients continue on study after a median of 17 cycles (range: 7 – 18). Twelve patients have had efficacy evaluations: 2 patients with partial responses (PRs), 3 patients with minimal responses (MRs), and 7 patients with stable disease (SD), for a clinical benefit rate (MR or better) of 42%. Conclusions TH-302 can be administered at 340 mg/m2 biweekly together with dex, with dose limiting mucositis seen at higher doses. Initial clinical activity has been noted with a clinical benefit rate of 42% in heavily pretreated MM patients who are relapsed/refractory to both bortezomib and lenalidomide. Disclosures: Ghobrial: BMS: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Onyx: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Noxxon: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding. Raje:Celgene: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Acetylon: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding. Handisides:Threshold Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kroll:Threshold Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Anderson:Celgene: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Sanofi Aventis: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Acetylon: Equity Ownership; Oncopep: Equity Ownership. Richardson:Celgene: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Johnson&Johnson: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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MISTRY, KAETEN. "Douglas T. Stuart, Creating the National Security State: A History of the Law that Transformed America (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008, £26.95/$38.50). Pp. xvi+342. isbn978 0 691 13371 3. - Sarah-Jane Corke, US Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy: Truman, Secret Warfare and the CIA, 1947–53 (London and New York: Routledge, 2008, £80.00/$160.00). Pp. x+240. isbn978 0 415 42077 8." Journal of American Studies 44, no. 1 (February 2010): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875810000253.

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Сараев, Владимир Васильевич, and Фатима Тасымовна Кожегулова. "О СПОСОБАХ ОБОГРЕВА ДРЕВНИХ ЗЕМЛЯНОК В ПРЕДГОРНОЙ И ГОРНОЙ ЗОНЕ ИЛЕЙСКОГО АЛАТАУ." Kazakhstan Archeology, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52967/akz2019.1.3.28.42.

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Настоящая работа посвящена реконструкции способа обогрева жилища-землянки и возможным вариантам функционального назначения таких помещений в хозяйственно-бытовых традициях древнего населения Илейского Алатау. В 2018 г. авторами проводились исследования древних поселений в устье ущелья Узын-Каргалы, которые позволяют реконструировать хозяйственную структуру населения данного микрорайона. Была расчищена землянка в долине ручья Кайнарбулак, в конструкции которой отсутствовал очаг для обогрева помещения. В домостроительстве древних скотоводов горной зоны региона существовала традиция сооружения малогабаритных землянок с системой внешнего обогрева каменных стен. Пристенный очаг с дымоходом позволяет сохранить положительные факторы (быстрый обогрев, малый расход топлива) помещения небольшого объема и увеличивает полезную площадь в пользу обитателей. Данные помещения могли использоваться как для проживания, так и в хозяйственных целях, например, в качестве коптильни. Хронологические параметры возникновения подобной традиции по материалам комплекса древних стоянок скотоводов в долине ручья Кайнарбулак позволяют отнести ее к усуньскому периоду раннего железного века. Библиографические ссылки 1. Аванесова Н.А. Культура пастушеских племен эпохи бронзы азиатской части СССР (по металлическим изделиям). Ташкент: «Фан» УзССР, 1991. 200 с. 2. Бернштам А.Н. Золотая диадема из шаманского погребения на р. Карагалинке // КСИИМК. 1940. Вып. 5. С. 23-31. 3. Бернштам А.Н. Историко-археологические очерки Центрального Тянь-Шаня и Памиро-Алтая // МИА СССР. 1952. № 26. 346 с. 4. Вайнштейн С.И. Мир кочевников центра Азии. М.: Наука, 1991. 296 с. 5. Валиханов Ч.Ч. Тенкри (бог) // Собр. соч. в 5 т. Алма-Ата: Главная ред. Казахской советской энциклопедии, 1984. Т. 1. С. 208-215. 6. Горячев А.А., Мотов Ю.А. Археологический комплекс Бутакты-I. Алматы: ТОО «KazBookTrade», 2018. 264с. 7. Горячев А.А., Потапов С.А. К вопросу о реконструкции жилища эпохи бронзы поселения Талапты-I // Казахское ханство в потоке истории: сб. матер. междунар. научн. конф., посвящ. 550-летию Казахского ханства. Алматы: Институт археологииим. А.Х. Маргулана, 2015. С. 342-351. 8. Горячев А.А., Сараев В.В. К вопросу о хозяйственно-культурном развитии древнего населения Алматы // Известия НАН РК. Сер. обществ. и гум. наук. 2015. № 6 (304). С. 5-18. 9. Горячев А.А., Чернов М.А. Орудия кожевенного ремесла и ткачества из археологического комплекса Тургень-II // История и археология Семиречья. Алматы: ОФ «Родничок», 2007. Вып. 3. С. 106-119. 10. Горячев А.А., Чернов М.А. Металлический инвентарь из погребальных комплексов эпохи бронзы Жетысу // Известия НАН РК. Сер. обществ. и гум. наук. 2017. № 1 (311). С. 5-24. 11. Итина М.А. История степных племен Южного Приаралья во II тыс. до н.э. М.: Наука, 1977. ТХАЭЭ. Т. 10. 240 с. 12. Кузьмина Е.Е. Металлические изделия энеолита и бронзового века Средней Азии. М.: Наука, 1966. 139 с. 13. Кузьмина Е.Е. Гончарное производство у племен андроновской культурной общности // Восточный Туркестан и Средняя Азия в системе культур древнего и средневекового Востока. М.: Гл. ред. восточн. лит. изд-ва «Наука», 1986. С. 152-182. 14. Кузьмина Е.Е. Откуда пришли индоарии? Материальная культура племен андроновской общности и происхождение индоиранцев. М.: МГП «Калина» ВИНИТИ РАН, 1994. 464 с. 15. Марьяшев А.Н, Горячев А.А. Поселения эпохи бронзы в верховьях ущелья Тургень и на плато Асы // История и археология Семиречья. Алматы: ОФ «Родничок», 2001. Вып. 2. С. 112-123. 16. Сараев В.В. Перспектива выявления фактов развитого оросительного земледелия в предгорьях Семиречья // Роль номадов в формировании культурного наследия Казахстана: научн. чтения памяти Н.Э. Масанова: сб. матер. междунар. научн. конф. Алматы: Print-S, 2010. С. 82-88. 17. Сараев В.В. Каргалинский древний историко-географический микрорайон // История и археология Семиречья. Алматы, 2017. Вып. 5. С. 68-90. 18. Сараев В.В., Горячев А.А. Шамсунский клад эпохи поздней бронзы у северных склонов Заилийского Алатау // Известия НАН РК. Сер. обществ. наук. 2011. № 3. С. 37-47. 19. Свод памятников истории и культуры Республики Казахстан. Алматинская область. Алматы: Агентство «Маматай», 2009. 106 с.

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Laubach, Jacob P., Noopur S. Raje, Andrew J. Yee, Philippe Armand, Robert L. Schlossman, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Jeffrey Matous, et al. "A Phase 1/2 Trial of TH-302 and Dexamethasone without or with Bortezomib (TBorD) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2142.2142.

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Abstract Background: TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator bromo-isophosphoramide mustard that is selectively activated under hypoxic conditions. TH-302 has demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in preclinical models both in vitro and in vivo, as well as synergistic cytotoxic activity with bortezomib (Bor) in vitro. An ongoing Phase 1/2 study (NCT01522872) investigates TH-302 with dexamethasone (dex) without Bor or with Bor (TBorD) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RR MM). The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of TH-302 plus dex was previously established at 340 mg/m2. We report preliminary results from pts treated at the MTD of TH-302 plus dex; enrollment in the TBorD arm is ongoing. Methods: The Phase 1/2 open-label multicenter study investigates IV TH-302 (240-480 mg/m²) plus PO dex (40 mg) with or without Bor (1.3 mg/m2) on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At the MTDs, Simon two-stage designs are implemented to pursue a regimen of TH-302 plus dex if ≥25% response rate or discontinue if ≤5% (90% power, 10% alpha), and pursue TBorD if ≥50% response rate or discontinue if ≤25% (85% power, 10% alpha). Treatment at the MTD of TH-302 plus dex, and establishment of the MTD of TH-302 in TBorD, is ongoing. Results: 24 pts (19 male, 5 female) with median age 65 years (range: 53 – 86) were enrolled at the 340 mg/m2 MTD of the TH-302 plus dex biweekly regimen. Ten pts had 18 severe adverse events (SAEs), of which 9 were related to TH-302, including 3 pts with cellulitis and 2 pts with pneumonia. Of 17 pts assessable for response at the time of abstract submission, 3 pts achieved a partial response (PR) and 2 pts achieved a minimal response (MR) for an overall response rate of 18% (PR) and a clinical benefit rate of 29% (PR+MR). Nine pts achieved stable disease and 3 pts had progressive disease. Eight pts are undergoing treatment; 16 pts discontinued: progressive disease (10), subject decision (4), AE (1) and alternative therapy (1). The initial dose escalation with TBorD has been completed at 240 mg/m2 TH-302, with enrollment ongoing at 340 mg/m2 TH-302. Conclusions: TH-302 can be administered at 340 mg/m2 biweekly with dex. Preliminary clinical activity has been noted in pts with heavily pre-treated RR MM. Data from the complete cohort of pts treated with dex and initial patients treated with TBorD will be updated and presented at the meeting. Disclosures Laubach: Onyx: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Raje:Acetylon: Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; Millenium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy. Schlossman:Millennium: Consultancy. Matous:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Speakers Bureau. Reynolds:Threshold: Honoraria. Shain:Onyx/Amgen: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Envision/Celgene: Speakers Bureau; L&M Healthcare/Onyx/Amgen: Speakers Bureau. Zackon:Millenium: Speakers Bureau. Mar:Threshold: Employment. Handisides:Threshold: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kroll:Threshold: Employment, Equity Ownership. Anderson:Celgene: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Sanofi Aventis: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Oncopep/Acetylon: Equity Ownership. Richardson:Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; JNJ: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ghobrial:Millennium/Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Starodub, Alexander, Mohammed M. Milhem, Kenneth Lee Pennington, Ebenezer A. Kio, Daniel Bruetman, Tracy Thorne, Barbara Hickingbottom, and Stew Kroll. "Phase I study of TH-302, investigational hypoxia-targeted drug, in combination with sunitinib." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e15557-e15557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15557.

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e15557 Background: Tumors often consist of highly hypoxic subregions known to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. TH-302 is an investigational hypoxia-targeted drug with a 2-nitroimidazole trigger designed to release the DNA alkylator bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM) when reduced in severe hypoxia. Preclinical models demonstrate that treatment with sunitinib increased the tumor hypoxic fraction, the therapeutic target of TH-302. Initiating TH-302 following sunitinib significantly increased the efficacy of sunitinib in these models. In this phase 1 dose escalation study, TH-302 was combined with standard dose sunitinib. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) for the study (NCT01381822) had advanced RCC, GIST or PNET tumors, evaluable disease by RECIST, ECOG ≤2 and acceptable hematologic, hepatic and renal function. Pts received TH-302 in combination with standard full doses of 50 mg PO sunitinib daily from Day 1 to Day 28 of a 6 week cycle. TH-302 was administered IV on Days 8, 15 and 22. TH-302 starting dose was 240 mg/m2. The study objectives were to determine the MTD, DLTs and RP2D and to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of TH-302 when used in combination with sunitinib. Results: Ten pts were enrolled. Median age: 63 (range 27-72); Female (5)/ Male (5); ECOG 0 (5); ECOG 1 (5); Primary tumor: RCC (6), GIST (4). Median prior chemotherapies: 3 (range: 0-3) including prior sunitinib in 7 pts. No DLTs were observed in the 3 pts at the 240 mg/m2 cohort and 1 pt of 5 DLT evaluable in the 340 mg/m2 cohort had a DLT of stomatitis. Eight pts discontinued (progressive disease (6), pursued other treatment options, adverse event unrelated to study drugs). Three pts had a study drug related SAE (neutropenic sepsis, anemia, hyperthyroidism). Common TH-302 related AEs were nausea and mucosal toxicity and were mostly grade 1 or 2. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were reported in 4 pts and 3 pts, respectively. One of 4 (25%) pts with GIST had a confirmed PR and 3 of 4 (75%) pts with RCC had PRs including 2 with confirmed PRs. Conclusions: TH-302 can be administered in combination with full dose sunitinib. Mucositis was dose limiting. There is preliminary evidence of activity of TH-302 in combination with sunitinib in RCC. Clinical trial information: NCT01381822.

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Mostafa, M. F., and S. S. Arafat. "Dielectric Dispersion of New Ferroelectric Cobalt Halide Dimers: Bis-ethanolammonium-hexahalocobaltate, (C 2 H 8 NO) 2 Co 2 X 6 , X = CI/Br." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2000): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-6-706.

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Abstract The AC conductivity in the frequency range 5.0 Hz -10.0 kHz, the magnetic susceptibility in a field of 14.7 and 17.8·104 A/m, and differential thermal analysis at 78 K up to room temperature for bis-(ethanolammonium)Co2X6,,X = CI and Br are reported. The bromide dimer undergoes an order-disorder transition at 302 K and a displacive type ferroelectric transition at T ~ 220 K. The chloride dimer shows two transitions, the first being in a displacive ferroelectric one at T ~ 210 K showing critical slowing down. The second phase transition, occuring at 282 K, is found to be inactive in the electric measurements.

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Seliverstov, R. Yu, M. I. Zaraiskii, A. F. Gurchin, G. V. Kataeva, R. V. Tyurin, A. G. Naryshkin, and V. G. Valerko. "Feasibility of predicting the evolution of cerebral gliomas based on study of microRNA expression levels in blood plasma and saliva. Siberian Journal of Oncology." Siberian journal of oncology 22, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-1-55-65.

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The management of cerebral glioma (CG) remains challenging. Recently, methods based on the study of the expression levels of miRNAs in blood plasma have proven to be promising. The volume of tumor tissue is known to correlate with increased expression levels of microRNA-21 and -210. MicroRNA-15, -16, -34, -126 and -342 are involved in the regulation of tumor proliferative potential, and microRNA-128 is involved in the regulation of metabolic activity.The aim of the study was to evaluate the extended protocol for assessing the expression of microRNA-15, -16, -21, -34, -126, -128, -210, and -342 in the plasma and saliva of CG patients.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 24 patients with supratentorial glioma (8 men and 16 women aged 41 to 71 years, mean age: 56 years). The control group consisted of 30 volunteers. MicroRNA expression was studied in plasma and saliva according to the StemLoop-RealTime protocol, using fluorescently labeled samples with small miRNA U6 as a reference gene. Statistical analysis was carried out using nonparametric methods.Results. The lack of CG stabilization and the most probable progression of the tumor with a poor prognosis was related to an increase in microRNA-21 and -210 expression levels and decrease in microRNA-128 expression and at least four of microRNA 15, -16, -34, -126, and -342. Stabilization of CG with a high probability of progression was associated with an increase in microRNA-21 or microRNA210 expression levels, decrease in no more than three of microRNA-15, -16, -34, -126, -342 expression levels as well as decrease in microRNA-128 expression. Stabilization of the tumor with a low probability of progression was associated with a decrease in the expression of microRNA-21 and -210 and in no more than one of miRNA-15, -16, -34, -126, -342 below the reference level, with a simultaneous increase in miRNA-128 expression.Conclusion. The determination of microRNA expression in blood plasma and saliva can be one of the important criteria for assessing the prognosis of CG.

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McIntosh, A., T. Savage, and A. Nicholson. "322 Investigating the tackle in Rugby Union." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 8 (December 2005): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(17)30819-8.

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Ryan, David P., Shantan G. Reddy, Nathan Bahary, Hope Elizabeth Uronis, Darren Sigal, Allen Lee Cohn, William R. Schelman, Joe Stephenson, Clarence Eng, and Mitesh J. Borad. "TH-302 plus gemcitabine (G+T) versus gemcitabine (G) in patients with previously untreated advanced pancreatic cancer (PAC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.325.

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325 Background: TH-302 is a hypoxia-targeted drug with a hypoxia-triggered 2-nitroimidazole component designed to release the DNA alkylator, bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM), when reduced in severe hypoxia. A randomized Phase 2B study (NCT01144455) was conducted to assess the benefit of G+T to standard dose G as first-line therapy of PAC. Methods: An open-label multi-center study of two dose levels of TH-302 (240 mg/m2 or 340 mg/m2) in combination with G versus G alone (randomized 1:1:1). G (1,000 mg/m2) and T were administered IV over 30-60 minutes on Days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Patients on the G could crossover after progression and be randomized to a G+T arm. The primary efficacy endpoint was a comparison of PFS between the combination arms and G alone (80% power to detect 50% improvement in PFS with one-sided alpha of 10%). Overall survival (OS) was a secondary endpoint. Results: 214 pts were treated; 163 (76%) Stage IV and 51 (24%) Stage IIIB. Median age 65 (range 29-86); 126 M/88 F; 38% ECOG 0/62% ECOG 1. Receiving 6 or more cycles: 32% G; 45% G+T240; 55% G+T340. Median PFS was 3.6 mo in G vs 5.6 mo in G+T240 (p=0.06) and 6.0 mo in G+T340 (p=0.01). Median OS was 6.9 mo in G vs 8.7 in G+T240 (p=0.83) vs 9.2 mo in G+T340 (p=0.80). 6-mo OS was 57% in G vs 69% in G+T240 (p=0.12) and 73% in G+340 (p=0.04); 12-mo OS was 26% in G vs 37% in G+T240 (p=0.18) and 38% in G+340 (p=0.13). RECIST best response was 10% in G vs 17% in G+T240 and 26% in G+T340. 14 and 12 pts in G crossed over to T240 and T340, respectively. Median post crossover PFS was 1.8 mo in T240 vs 2.9 mo in T340 (p=0.13). Median post crossover OS was 2.6 mo in T240 vs 13.4 mo in T340 (p=0.01). AEs leading to discontinuation were: 16% G, 17% G+T240 and 12% G+T340. Rash (47% in G+T340) and stomatitis (42% in G+T340) were greater in combination, 3 pts Grd 3 rash. Grd 3/4 thrombocytopenia were 11% G, 39% G+T240 and 63% G+T340 and Grd 3/4 neutropenia were 31% G, 56% G+T240 and 60% G+T340. Conclusions: The combination of G plus TH-302 improved the PFS of G. Skin and mucosal toxicity and myelosuppression were the most common TH-302 related AEs with no increase in treatment discontinuation. A phase 3 study of TH-302 (340 mg/m2) in combination with G is planned with OS as the primary efficacy endpoint. Clinical trial information: NCT01144455.

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Ni, Youbao, Qianqian Hu, Haixin Wu, Weimin Han, Xuezhou Yu, and Mingsheng Mao. "The Investigation on Mid-Far Infrared Nonlinear Crystal AgGaGe5Se12 (AGGSe)." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060661.

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3–5, 8–14 μm mid-far infrared (MF-IR) coherent lights generated by nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are crucial for many industrial and military applications. AgGaGe5Se12 (AGGSe) is a promising NLO candidate because of its good optical performance. In this paper, the large AGGSe single crystal of 35 mm diameter and 80 mm length was obtained by the seed-aided Bridgman method. The crystalline quality was characterized with X-ray diffraction, rocking curve, transmission spectrum. The FWHM of the (210) peak was about 0.05° and the IR transmission was about 60% (1–10 μm, 6 mm thick). Additionally, it performed well in 8 μm frequency doubling, with a maximum output power of about 41 mW, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 3.2%. The laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) value was about 200 MW/cm2 (1.06 μm, 20 ns, 1 Hz).

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Izsáki, Zoltán. "Effect of N fertilization on the N balance of chernozem meadow soil and the depth distribution of NO3-N between 1990 and 2007." Agrokémia és Talajtan 59, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.2.3.

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A Szarvason 1989-ben, csernozjom réti talajon, négy-négy N-, P- és K-kezelés-kombinációval, 64 kezeléssel beállított műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet négy N-ellátottsági szintjén (0, 80, 160 és 240 kg·ha–1) vizsgáltuk a kiválasztott kezelésekben a talajok N-mérlegét, a NO3-N mélységi eloszlását a kísérleti periódus 4., 8., 11., 14. és 18. évében a 200–300 cm-es talajrétegben. A talaj mélyben karbonátos, a humuszos réteg vastagsága 85–100 cm, a művelt réteg pH(KCl) értéke 5,0–5,2, humusztartalma 3,0–3,2 %, kötöttsége (KA) 50, agyagtartalma 32%. A kísérleti eredmények alapján az alábbi fontosabb megállapítások tehetők: – A 3,0–3,2% humusztartalmú csernozjom réti talaj jó N-szolgáltató képességű, a 18 év alatt a növények által felvett N-mennyiség 2273 kg·ha–1 volt, ami éves átlagban 126 kg·ha–1 N-szolgáltatásnak felelt meg. A vízellátottságtól, ebből eredően a növények terméshozamától, valamint N-igényétől függően az évenkénti N-felvétel 40–275 kg·ha–1 között változott N-trágyázás nélkül. – A talaj N-mérlege 80 kg·ha–1 N-trágyázásnál negatív, azonban ilyen szintű N-ellátottságnál a növények átlagos N-felvétele 170 kg·ha–1·év–1 volt. A nagyobb N-adag (160, ill. 240 kg·ha–1) a N-felvételt átlagban csak 15–20 kg-mal növelte hektáronként, míg a terméshozamok szignifikánsan nem emelkedtek. Az évenkénti 80 kg·ha–1 N-trágyázás esetén és még N-trágyázás nélkül is előfordulhat NO3-N kimosódás, ha a hiányos vízellátottság miatt a növények kis terméshozamukkal nem képesek felvenni a rendelkezésre álló nitrogént. – A 160 kg·ha–1 N-trágyázás halmozott N-mérlege csak kismértékben volt negatív. A 18 évből 7 évben a növények N-felvétele 160 kg·ha–1 alatt maradt. A talaj természetes N-szolgáltatását is figyelembe véve a 160 kg·ha–1 N-adag termőhelyi viszonyaink között már túlzott, az évek többségében a növények potenciális termőképességének N-igényét már meghaladja, s NO3-N kimosódással járt együtt. – A 240 kg·ha–1 N-trágyázás halmozott N-mérlege pozitív és 18 évből 11 évben a növények N-felvétele nem érte el a hektáronkénti 240 kg-ot. Ezen a N-ellátottsági szinten a terméshozamok már nem növekedtek, egyes években termésdepresszió mutatkozott és a NO3-N kimosódás jelentős volt. – A szélsőségesen csapadékos és száraz időjárás miatt bekövetkezett talajvízszint-emelkedés, majd -süllyedés jelentős mértékű NO3-N kimosódást okozott.

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Parker, David. "Cochlear implants: objective measures. Edited by Helen E Cullington, Whurr Publishers, London, 2003, 230 pp, ISBN 186156 324 8." Deafness & Education International 6, no. 2 (June 2004): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dei.172.

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Dodd, Darol E., Linda J. Pluta, Mark A. Sochaski, Henry G. Wall, and Russell S. Thomas. "Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of Hydrazobenzene in Fischer 344 Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 6 (November 2012): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812465322.

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Male F344 rats were exposed to hydrazobenzene (HZB) by dietary feed at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 80, 200, or 300 ppm for 5 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or 13 weeks duration. End points evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood HZB, gross pathology, and liver histopathology. There were no HZB exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. During study weeks 8 through 13, body weight means in rats of the 300 ppm group were 6% lower compared to control rat means. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were decreased in rats of the 300 ppm group at all time points. Relative (to body weight) liver weight increases were observed in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups following 5 days (300 ppm only), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 13 weeks of exposure. Following 13 weeks of exposure, microscopic findings in the liver were observed only in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups and consisted of hypertrophy, macrovesiculation, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and bile duct duplication. Blood HZB concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 µg/mL in rats of the 200 or 300 ppm groups. A no observed effect level of 80 ppm (4.80 mg/kg per d) was selected based on the observation of microscopic hepatocyte alterations at ≥200 ppm HZB.

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Posokhova, S. P. "Metabolic syndrome as a factor influencing the course of pregnancy." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-245-246.

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Background. According to the WHO guidelines, the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) include obesity (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2), abdominal obesity (ratio of waist circumference and hips circumference >0.85 for females), blood pressure >160/90 mm Hg, triglyceride level >1.7 mmol/l, impaired glucose tolerance, microalbuminuria >20 μg/min. Objective. To assess the impact of MS on pregnancy. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature data on this issue and our own study involving 38 obese women. Pregnant women in the study were tested for pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PIGF), arginine, and leptin. They were also prescribed a comprehensive preventive treatment (from 12 weeks of pregnancy – 150 mg of aspirin 1 g per day, from 16 weeks – L-arginine solution (Tivortin aspartate, “Yuria-Pharm”) 5 ml (1 g) 4 times per day for 2 months). The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women, the comparison group – of 30 obese pregnant women who did not receive L-arginine. Results and discussion. The pathological consequences of the mother’s MS for the foetus are mediated by the insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and vascular damage. The negative effects include birth injuries, caesarean section, childhood obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Eclampsia and preeclampsia (PE), which increase the risk of perinatal mortality, are also the important problems of modern obstetrics. The presence of obesity in pregnant women increases the likelihood of PE by 2-3 times. Pre-pregnancy BMI increase by 5-7 kg/m2 also doubles the risk. In addition to PE, obesity also increases the risk of gestational hypertension, premature birth, foetal growth retardation syndrome, macrosomia, gestational diabetes mellitus, sudden foetal death. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the main pathogenetic links of obstetric complications, primarily PE. Thus, hypertension in PE is a consequence of impaired endothelial control of vascular tone, proteinuria and oedema – of increased vascular permeability, coagulopathy – of overexpression of procoagulants. In obesity, the likelihood of PE increases as chronic inflammation and ED are induced. PE development is also mediated by the increase in the leptin concentration. Nitric oxide donors, namely L-arginine, should be prescribed to correct ED and prevent PE. According to the results of our own study, obese women in the first trimester had significantly higher leptin levels and significantly lower PIGF levels, which is a prerequisite for PE and other gestational complications. In the main group, compared to the comparison group, there was a lower frequency of early moderate PE (5 % vs. 8 %), early severe PE (1 % vs. 5 %), moderate PE after 34 weeks of pregnancy (8 % vs. 12 %), and severe PE after 34 weeks of pregnancy (1 % vs. 4 %). Conclusions. 1. Obesity significantly increases the risk of PE and other gestational complications. 2. The main mechanisms of adverse effects of obesity are chronic inflammation and ED. 3. The use of complex prophylaxis with aspirin and L-arginine for 2 months almost 5 times reduced the degree of severe early PE.

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Glatt, Sophie, Peter C. Taylor, Iain B. McInnes, Georg Schett, Robert Landewé, Dominique Baeten, Lucian Ionescu, Foteini Strimenopoulou, Mark I. L. Watling, and Stevan Shaw. "Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab as add-on therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in patients with inadequate response to certolizumab pegol: a proof-of-concept study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 78, no. 8 (June 8, 2019): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214943.

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ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy and safety of dual neutralisation of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F with bimekizumab, a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, in addition to certolizumab pegol (CZP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inadequate response (IR) to certolizumab pegol.MethodsDuring this phase 2a, double-blind, proof-of-concept (PoC) study (NCT02430909), patients with moderate-to-severe RA received open-label CZP 400 mg at Weeks 0, 2 and 4, and 200 mg at Week 6. Patients with IR at Week 8 (Disease Activity Score 28-joint count C-reactive protein (DAS28(CRP))>3.2) were randomised 2:1 to CZP (200 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W)) plus bimekizumab (240 mg loading dose then 120 mg Q2W) or CZP plus placebo. The primary efficacy and safety variables were change in DAS28(CRP) between Weeks 8 and 20 and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsOf 159 patients enrolled, 79 had IR at Week 8 and were randomised to CZP plus bimekizumab (n=52) or CZP plus placebo (n=27). At Week 20, there was a greater reduction in DAS28(CRP) in the CZP-IR plus bimekizumab group compared with the CZP-IR plus placebo group (99.4% posterior probability). The most frequent TEAEs were infections and infestations (CZP plus bimekizumab, 50.0% (26/52); CZP plus placebo, 22.2% (6/27)).ConclusionsPoC was confirmed based on the rapid decrease in disease activity achieved with 12 weeks of CZP plus bimekizumab. No unexpected or new safety signals were identified when neutralising IL-17A and IL-17F in patients with RA concomitantly treated with CZP, but the rate of TEAEs was higher with dual inhibition.

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Mistry, J. "Dynamic world: land-cover and land-use change, A. Mannion. Arnold, London, 2002. ISBN 0 340 80678 8 (hardback), 0 340 80679 (paperback), vii+230 pp." Land Degradation & Development 14, no. 5 (2003): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.575.

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30

Olszanski, Anthony J., Andrea Wang-Gillam, Eunice Lee Kwak, Kamal Nazzal, Fazal Mehdi, and Mitesh J. Borad. "A phase I dose-escalation trial of TH-302 with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): TPS505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.tps505.

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TPS505 Background: TH-302 is a hypoxia-activated, nitroimidazole-linked prodrug of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM), which is released under hypoxic conditions. TH-302 is currently being studied in combination with gemcitabine (G) in a phase III trial in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (NCT01746979). Encouraging preclinical activity of TH-302 plus nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) and G provides a rationale for further study of this triplet (Sun JD et al, AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer 2014; abstract #B88). Methods: Clinical trial: NCT02047500. Open-label, phase I, dose-escalation trial of TH-302 plus nab-P and G in pts with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic PDAC. Dose escalation: 3 + 3 design with one of 3 planned dose levels of TH-302 (170, 240 and 340 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, plus nab-P 100–125 mg/m2 followed by G 800–1,000 mg/m2. Expansion cohort (n≥15): TH-302 at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) with nab-P 100–125 mg/m2 followed by G 800–1,000 mg/m2. Treatment will be continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Primary objectives: To evaluate safety and tolerability, define the maximum tolerated dose and determine the RP2D of TH-302 in combination with nab-P/G. The primary endpoint is no. of pts with dose-limiting toxicities during the first 28 days. Secondary objectives: To evaluate overall safety of the triplet regimen, metabolic response rate using EORTC criteria for 18F-FDG PET, CA19–9 response rate (defined as >50% decline from baseline), and RECIST response rate of TH-302 plus nab-P/G. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of TH-302 and Br-IPM in the plasma of pts will also be evaluated, as will the effect of TH-302 on the PK of nab-P, and vice versa. Exploratory analyses include the association of pharmacogenomic markers, such as CYP2C9, BRCA1 and BRCA2, with PK, safety and efficacy. The association of potential hypoxia biomarkers (CA IX, GLUT1, VEGF, osteopontin) with antitumor activity will also be explored. The trial is in progress; 7 of an estimated 48 planned pts have been recruited (trial start Jan 2014, estimate end Aug 2016). Clinical trial information: NCT02047500.

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Barrera-Angeles, A. A., D. Barrera Hernández, J. G. Gutiérrez-Márquez, Alberto López Valencia, A. Morales-Hernández, and T. Rivera-Montalvo. "TL response evaluation for UVA and UVC of LaAlO₃:Pr³⁺ powder." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2307, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2307/1/012045.

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Abstract Thermoluminescence properties of lanthanum aluminum oxide (LaAlO3) doped with optically active rare earth ions have been investigated for ultraviolet dosimetry purposes. LaAlO3:Pr3+ powder samples were doped with 2% of Pr3+, for the first research they show two thermoluminescent (TL) peaks at 215±5 °C and 340±4 °C which can be sensitized after 1 min to 12 min of UVA exposure. The material shows TL output and linear response for UVA lamp in 365 nm wavelength light. On the other hand, the powder samples that were irradiated with a UVC lamp at 254 nm, it also shows one peak and a shoulder, the maximum peak in a range that goes from 195 °C to 220 °C, in which the exposure time was varied from 5 to 30 seconds and the shoulder remains stable at 345± 8 ° C. The experiments demonstrates that LaAlO3: Pr3+ powders are very attractive to be investigated as UVA and UVC dosimeters.

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Chen, Hua You, Xiang Hui Qi, Xu Geng, Qing Gang Xu, Jing Wang, and Zi Rong Wu. "Expression, Purification and Characterization of the Recombinant Hirudin Variant iii in the Bacillus Subtilis." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.753.

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Hirudin is the most potent natural inhibitor of thrombin and a powerful anticoagulant. Large-scale production of recombinant hirudin is desirable for therapy. In this study, the gene encoding hirudin variant III was redesigned and synthesized by usingBacillus subtilispreferred codons, and the recombinant hirudin variant III (rHV3) was overexpressed inB. subtilisDB403 with strong anticoagulation activity for the first time. The hirudin activity from the supernatant of culture with optimized expression conditions could reach 210 ATU/ml. The protein in culture supernatant was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid, then desalted by ultrafiltration and purified by anion exchange chromatography. Strong anion Q F.F. performed better than weak anion DEAE F.F. The proper pH and conductivity was determined at pH 8 and 6 ms/cm, respectively. The maximum applied sample was 240 ATU/ml to medium of strong anion Q F.F. This optimized procedure was employed in strong anion exchange HiPrep 16/10Q with the 90% recovery rate and 70.2% purity. After gel filtration, the purity of rHV3 checked by HPLC could reach 95.1%, and the recovery rate was 93% for this step. The purified recombinant rHV3 showed a single band in SDS-PAGE. The rHV3 was stable at 100 °C and acidity condition, but was unstable under the condition of both heating and alkalinity. In conclusion, theses studies suggests thatB.subtilismight be useful for the production of biologically active medicine peptides in secretion facilitating purification procedures, and that this isolation method was suitable for scale-up purification process at a low cost.

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Pyrgas, Lampros, and Paris Kitsos. "Compact Hardware Architectures of Enocoro-128v2 Stream Cipher for Constrained Embedded Devices." Electronics 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091505.

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Lightweight cryptography is a vital and fast growing field in today’s world where billions of constrained devices interact with each other. In this paper, two novel compact architectures of the Enocoro-128v2 stream cipher are presented. The Enocoro-128v2 is part of the ISO/IEC 29192-3 standard. The first architecture has an 8-bit datapath while the second one has a 4-bit datapath. The proposed architectures were implemented on the BASYS3 board (Artix 7 XC7A35T) using the VERILOG hardware description language. The hardware implementation of the proposed 8-bit architecture runs at a 189 MHz clock and reaches a throughput equal to 302 Mbps, while at the same time, it utilizes only 254 Look-up Tables (LUTs) and 330 Flip-flops (FFs). Each round of computations requires 5 clock cycles. The 4-bit implementation has an operating frequency of 204 MHz and reaches a throughput equal to 181 Mbps, with each round requiring 9 clock cycles. The 4-bit implementation utilizes 249 LUTs and 343 FFs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such implementations of the Enocoro-128v2 are presented. Both implementations utilize a very low number of resources (only 78 FPGA slices are required for the 8-bit architecture and only 83 for the 4-bit one) and the results demonstrate that they are sustainable for area constrained embedded devices.

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LÉVESQUE, M., S. LEMAY, S. CHOUINARD, P. BLANCHET, M. A. BÉDARD, F. RICHER, T. ZAWACKI, et al. "ERRATA." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 4 (May 2002): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702844022.

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First erratum: The following is a correction for an error that occurred in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Vol. 8, No. 2. An abstract titled “Parkinson's Disease Affects the Attentional Control of Unpracticed Movements,” by M. Lévesque, S. Lemay, S. Chouinard, P. Blanchet, M.-A. Bédard, and F. Richer, was accidently left out. This abstract was supposed to appear on p. 230 after C. Boulet et al., in the Executive Function subsection of Poster 4, which was a part of the Friday Morning, February 16, group of sessions.Second erratum: The following is a correction for an error that occurred in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8:2. On page 276, the abstract at the bottom of the left column has a laterality error, and “right” was supposed to appear instead of “left.”Third erratum: The following is a correction for an error that occurred in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Vol. 8, No. 3. The error occurred in the article titled “Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological tests performance between African American and White Elders,” pp. 341–348, by Manly et al. On page 343, under the subheading “Reading Level,” the last line in the paragraph should state the age range as 65–74 and not 70–75 years.Cambridge University Press and the authors regret the inconvenience that these inadvertent errors may have caused.

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Rücker, G. "Physikalische Methoden in der Chemie, herausgeg. von B. Schröder und J. Rudolph, 240 Abb., 8 Tab., IX, 322 S., Preis DM 48,00, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim 1985." Archiv der Pharmazie 318, no. 11 (1985): 1055–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ardp.19853181123.

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Topa, Dan, Werner H. Paar, Emil Makovicky, Chris J. Stanley, and Andy C. Roberts. "Oscarkempffite, Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)∑26S48, a new Sb-Bi member of the lillianite homologous series." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 5 (August 2016): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.024.

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AbstractOscarkempffite, ideally Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)∑=26S48, is a new mineral species found in old material (1929–30) from the Colorada vein, Animas mine, Chocaya Province, Department of Potosi, Bolivia. It is associated with aramayoite, stannite, miargyrite, pyrargyrite and tetrahedrite. Oscarkempffite forms anhedral grains and grain aggregates up to 10 mm across. The mineral is opaque, greyish black with a metallic lustre; it is brittle without any discernible cleavage. In reflected light oscarkempffite is greyish white, pleochroism is distinct, white to dark grey. Internal reflections are absent. In crossed polars, anisotropism is distinct with rotation tints in shades of grey. The reflectance data (%, air) are: 39.9, 42.6 at 470 nm, 38.6, 41.7 at 546 nm, 38.1, 41.2 at 589 nm and 37.3, 40.6 at 650 nm. Mohs hardness is 3–3½, microhardness VHN50 exhibits a range 189–208, with a mean value 200 kg mm–2. The average results of four electron-microprobe analyses in a grain are: Cu 0.24(7), Ag 14.50(8), Pb 11.16(14), Sb 28.72(16), Bi 24.56(17), S 20.87(5), total 100.05(6) wt.%, corresponding to Cu0.24Ag9.92Pb4.00Sb17.36Bi8.64S47.84 (on the basis of Me + S = 88 apfu). The simplified formula, Ag10Pb4Sb17Bi9S48, is in accordance with the results of a crystal-structure determination. The density, 5.8 g cm–3, was calculated using the ideal formula. Oscarkempffite has an orthorhombic cell with a = 13.199(2), b = 19.332(3), c = 8.249(1) Å, V = 2116.3(5) Å3, space group Pnca and Z = 1. The strongest eight lines in the (calculated) powder-diffraction pattern are [d in Å(I)hkl]: 3.66(35)(122), 3.37(70)(132), 3.34(100)(250), 2.982(55)(312), 2.881(86)(322), 2.733(29)(332), 2.073(27)(004) and 2.062(31)(182). Comparison with gustavite, andorite and roshchinite confirms its independence as a mineral species.

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Goldberg, Stuart L., Marc Elmann, Mark Kaminetzky, Eriene-Heidi Sidhom, Anthony R. Mato, Jayshree Shah, Genique Stanislaus, et al. "One-Year Post-Transplant Serum Ferritin Level Is a Predictor of Long-Term Survival Following Allogeneic Transplantation." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3453.3453.

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Abstract Abstract 3453 Individuals undergoing allogeneic transplantation receive multiple red blood cell transfusions both as part of the transplant procedure and as part of the pre-transplant care of the underlying disease. Therefore these patients may be at risk for complications of transfusional iron overload. Several studies have noted that individuals entering the transplant with baseline elevated serum ferritin values have decreased overall survival and higher rates of disease relapse. Whether the iron is a direct contributor to inferior outcomes or is a marker of more advanced disease (thereby requiring greater transfusions) is unclear. Little is known about the incidence and consequences of iron overload among long-term survivors of allogeneic transplantation. Methods: Using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, we performed a single center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive allogeneic transplants performed at Hackensack University Medical Center from January 2002 through June 30, 2009 to determine the association between serum ferritin (measured approximately 1 yr post allogeneic transplant) and overall survival. Results: During the study time frame, 637 allogeneic transplants (Donor Lymphocyte Infusion procedures excluded) were performed at our center and 342 (54%) survived ≥ one year. Among 1-year survivors 240 (70%) had post-transplant serum ferritin values available for review, including 132 (55%) allogeneic sibling, 68 (28%) matched unrelated, and 40 (17%) mismatched unrelated donor transplants. The median post-transplant ferritin value among 1-year survivors of allogeneic transplant was 628 ng/ml (95% CI 17, 5010), with 93 (39%) above 1000 ng/ml and 40 (17%) above 2500 ng/ml. The median post-transplant ferritin levels varied by underlying hematologic disease (aplastic anemia = 1147, acute leukemia = 1067, MDS = 944, CLL = 297, CML = 219, lymphoma = 123, multiple myeloma = 90). The Kaplan-Meier projected 5-year survival rate was 76% for the cohort that had survived one year and had available ferritin values. Fifty late deaths have occurred; causes of late death were disease relapse (n=37, 74%), GVHD (n=7, 14%), infection (n=4, 8%), cardiac (n=1, 2%) and second malignancy (n=1, 2%). The 1-year post-transplant serum ferritin value was a significant predictor of long term survival. Using a cut-off ferritin value of 1000 ng/ml, the 5-year projected survivals were 85% (95 CI 75%-91%) and 64% (95% CI 52–73%) for the low and high ferritin cohorts respectively (Figure, log-rank p<0.001), with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% CI 2–6.4, p<0.001). Similarly a serum ferritin value >2500 ng/ml was associated with inferior survival (HR 2.97, p<0.001). Underlying hematologic disease also correlated with 5-year projected survival including 70%, 83%, and 89% for acute leukemia/MDS, lymphoma/myeloma/CLL, and aplastic anemia/CML groupings, respectively (log-rank p<0.01 for leukemia/MDS vs other groupings). Patients receiving bone marrow grafts did better than those receiving peripheral blood stem cells (HR = 2.2; p = 0.03). Age, gender, donor type (sibling, matched unrelated, mismatch unrelated) and intensity of regimen (ablative vs. non-myeloablative) were not predictive of inferior survival in univariate analysis. In the multivariate Cox-regression analysis, elevated post-transplant ferritin >1000 ng/ml (HR 3.3, 95%CI 1.6–6.1; p<0.001) and diagnosis of acute leukemia/MDS (HR 4.5, 95%CI 1.1–18.7; p=0.04) remained independent predictors of inferior survival, even when adjusted for age, gender, type of graft, donor type, and intensity of conditioning regimen. Relapse deaths (25% vs. 9%; p<0.001) and GVHD deaths (6% vs 0.6%; p=0.03) were more common in the high ferritin cohort. Conclusions: Among patients who have survived one-year following allogeneic transplantation, a post-transplant serum ferritin value greater than 1000 ng/ml is a predictor of inferior long-term outcomes. To our knowledge this is the first report on the importance of late monitoring of serum ferritin, but it is in agreement with prior studies suggesting a pre-transplant ferritin value is a predictor of outcomes. Prospective studies attempting to modify outcomes by reducing post-transplant iron overload states are needed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Bytnerowicz, A., P. J. Temple, and O. C. Taylor. "Effects of simulated acid fog on leaf acidification and injury development of pinto beans." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-123.

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Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. UI 111) were exposed for 8 h to simulated fog solutions made up of 2:1 nitric acid: sulfuric acid plus background ions, acidified to pH 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.0. Rate of fog deposition was ca. 1 mm h−1. Examination of visible foliar injury development, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination, and measurement of leaf extract pH were performed every 2 h. Both visual and SEM observations during exposure showed no change in leaf surface characteristics for plants exposed to pH 3.2 and 2.8 fog solutions but 1 week after pH 2.8 exposures, injury was seen on primary leaves and young trifoliate leaves. The first indications of injury at pH 2.4 were seen under SEM after 8 h of exposure. Foliar injury was apparent after only 2 h of exposure at pH 2.0 and severe acid necrosis developed after 24 h. Changes in acidity of leaf extracts were closely correlated with subsequent injury development. No changes were observed in extracts of plants exposed to pH 3.2 simulated fog compared with controls. After 8 h of exposure, leaf extracts of plants exposed to pH 2.8 fog had dropped 0.05 pH units. Plants exposed to pH 2.4 and pH 2.0 for 8 h had leaf extracts that were 0.12 and 0.18 pH units lower, respectively. Comparison of the three measured parameters of acid fog effects (visible injury development, SEM examination of leaf surfaces, and determination of leaf extract pH) showed extract pH to be a simple, quantifiable, and sensitive indicator of the negative effects of acid precipitation on plants.

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39

Ishizuka, Hitoshi, Kaoru Toyama, Satoshi Yoshiba, Hiromi Okabe, and Hidetoshi Furuie. "Intrapulmonary Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Laninamivir, a Neuraminidase Inhibitor, after a Single Inhaled Administration of Its Prodrug, Laninamivir Octanoate, in Healthy Volunteers." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 7 (April 23, 2012): 3873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06456-11.

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ABSTRACTA single inhaled dose of laninamivir octanoate (LO), a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, exhibits efficacy in treating both adult and pediatric patients with influenza virus infection. The intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics (PK) of LO and laninamivir, a pharmacologically active metabolite, were investigated by a single-center, open-label study of healthy adult volunteers. Subgroups of five subjects each underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 168, and 240 h following a single inhaled administration of LO (40 mg). Plasma, BAL fluid, and alveolar macrophages (AM) were analyzed to determine LO and laninamivir concentrations, using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. The concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and AM from the first and subsequent BAL fluid samples were determined separately to explore the drug distribution in airways. Mean laninamivir concentrations in ELF, calculated using the first BAL fluids and BAL fluids collected 4 h after inhaled administration, were 8.57 and 2.40 μg/ml, respectively. The laninamivir concentration in ELF decreased with a longer half-life than that in plasma, and it exceeded the 50% inhibitory concentrations for viral neuraminidases at all time points examined for 240 h after the inhalation. Laninamivir exposure in ELF from the first BAL samples was 3.2 times higher than that in ELF from the subsequent BAL fluid samples. ELF concentration profiles of laninamivir support its long-lasting effect for treatment of patients with influenza virus infection by a single inhaled administration.

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Freedman, Martine. "PAULET, Jean-Pierre (2009) Manuel de géographie urbaine. 3 édition. Paris, Armand Colin, 348 p. (ISBN 978-2-200-35570-8)." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 54, no. 152 (2010): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045659ar.

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Fletcher, William J., Ulrich C. Müller, Andreas Koutsodendris, Kimon Christanis, and Jörg Pross. "A centennial-scale record of vegetation and climate variability from 312 to 240 ka (Marine Isotope Stages 9c–a, 8 and 7e) from Tenaghi Philippon, NE Greece." Quaternary Science Reviews 78 (October 2013): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.005.

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MIRA-Y-LOPEZ, Rafael, Silvia JARAMILLO, and Yongkui JING. "Synergistic transcriptional activation of the mouse urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene and of its enhancer activator protein 1 (AP1) site by cAMP and retinoic acid." Biochemical Journal 331, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3310909.

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We have investigated the mechanism whereby all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) potentiates the 8-bromo-cAMP (8-BrcAMP)-dependent transcription of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) gene in SC115 mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Photoaffinity labelling experiments showed that tRA did not alter the cellular content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunits I and II. In agreement with this, nuclear run-on analysis in the presence of the translational inhibitor puromycin demonstrated that the effect of 8-BrcAMP and its potentiation by tRA were independent of protein synthesis. A transiently transfected 6.6 kb uPA 5´-flanking region-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion gene mimicked the response of the endogenous uPA gene. Thus 1 mM 8-BrcAMP induced a 100–200% increase in CAT content, 100 nM tRA had no effect and 100 nM tRA+1 mM 8-BrcAMP induced a 300–500% increase in cells co-transfected with tRA receptor and/or 9-cis-RA receptor. Analysis of 5´-deleted constructs showed that the tRA effect required at least two cis regions: -2657 to -2186, encompassing the 100 bp uPA enhancer, and -709 to -324, which exhibited silencing activity. Neither region contained a tRA-response element-like motif. Because tRA receptor and 9-cis-RA receptor interact with activator protein 1 (AP1), we tested whether tRA regulated the uPA enhancer AP1 site in the presence of 8-BrcAMP. We found that a dimer of this site fused to a minimal uPA–CAT fusion gene was responsive to 1 mM 8-BrcAMP (100% CAT increase), not responsive to 100 nM tRA, and synergistically responsive to 100 nM tRA+1 mM 8-BrcAMP (240% CAT increase) in cells co-transfected with Fos and Jun. Synergistic activation of the same construct and of the 6.6 kb uPA–CAT fusion gene was also obtained using tRA and 100 nM PMA. We conclude that multiple cis elements, probably including the uPA enhancer AP1 site, mediate the tRA potentiation of uPA transcription.

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Peleman, R. A., V. Van De Velde, P. R. Germonpré, C. Fleurinck, M. T. Rosseel, and R. A. Pauwels. "Trovafloxacin Concentrations in Airway Fluids of Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.1.178-180.2000.

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ABSTRACT The penetration of trovafloxacin (TVA), 200 mg once daily, into the airways of 17 patients with severe pneumonia was studied. The mean (standard deviations are given in parentheses) steady-state TVA concentrations, 2 h after the last intake, were 3.1 (0.3) mg/liter in induced sputum (n = 8), 3.2 (1.1) mg/liter in bronchial secretions (n = 9), 3.2 (0.9) mg/liter in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (n = 10), and 4.9 (1.4) mg/liter in epithelial lining fluid (n = 11).

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44

Gau, Michael Sheng-ti, and Si-han Zhao. "Outer limits of the continental shelf beyond CLCS recommendations and Article 76(8) of UNCLOS: With reference to Japan’s Cabinet Order No. 302." Leiden Journal of International Law 35, no. 1 (November 16, 2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156521000546.

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AbstractIn 2014 Japan’s Cabinet Order No. 302 declared the outer limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (OL) to the west and north of Oki-no-Tori Shima (Area 302). Oki-no-Tori Shima consists of two small, barren, and uninhabitable rocks in the West Pacific. The northern part of Area 302 is broader than what the 2012 recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) specify. A question arises whether Order No. 302 violates Article 76(8) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which provides that the OL established by a coastal state ‘on the basis of’ the CLCS recommendations shall be final and binding. Another question is the role played by the CLCS in ‘assisting’ the coastal states to delimit their national jurisdiction so as to know where the Area (i.e., the Common Heritage of Mankind under UNCLOS Articles 1(1)(1) and 136) begins. The essential questions arising from Area 302 concern how well the UNCLOS mechanism can perform to safeguard the Common Heritage of Mankind through preventing encroachment thereupon by individual coastal states. This article looks at the context and explores the obligations implied by Article 76(8) for coastal states to ‘follow’ the recommendations in establishing the OL, with special reference to the northern part of Area 302. The article also examines legal consequences arising from a breach of these obligations.

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Padhi, Amit, and Anton Ziolkowski. "Reviews." Leading Edge 38, no. 6 (June 2019): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38060486.1.

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Multiphase Flow in Permeable Media: A Pore-scale Perspective, by Martin J. Blunt, ISBN 978-1-107-09346-1, 2017, Cambridge University Press, 500 p. Introduction to Exploration Geophysics with Recent Advances, by Martin Landr⊘ and Lasse Amundsen, ISBN 978-8-230-33842-1, 2018, Bivrost, 341 p.

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Arruda, Walter Oleschko. "Etiology of epilepsy a prospective study of 210 cases." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 49, no. 3 (September 1991): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1991000300003.

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The objective of this study was to establish the etiology of epilepsy in 210 chronic epileptics (110 female, 100 male), aged 14-82 years (34.2±13.3). Patients less than 10 years-old and alcoholism were excluded. All underwent neurological examination, routine blood tests, EEG and CT-scan. Twenty patients (10.5%) were submitted to spinal tap for CSF examination. Neurological examination was abnormal in 26 (12.4%), the EEG in 68 (45.5%), and CT-scan in 93 (44.3%). According to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981), 101 (48.1%) have generalized seizures, 66 (31.4%) partial seizures secondarily generalized, 25 (11.8%) simple partial and complex partial seizures, and 14 (6.6%) generalized and partial seizures. Four patients (2.0%) could not be classified. In 125 (59.5%) patients the etiology was unknown. Neurocysticercosis accounted for 57 (27.1%) of cases, followed by cerebrovascular disease 8 (3.8%), perinatal damage 5 (2.4%), familial epilepsy 4 (1.9%), head injury 4 (1.9%), infective 1 (0.5%), and miscelanea 6 (2.8%).

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Ring, Richard A. "Insect Diversity Conservation M. J. Samways . 2005. Insect Diversity Conservation. Cambridge University Press.xi+. 342 17 × 24.5 cm, soft-cover, US$55.00. ISBN: 0-521-78947-8." Ecoscience 13, no. 2 (June 2006): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/1195-6860(2006)13[291b:idc]2.0.co;2.

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Linebaugh, Peter. "E. J. Burford and Sandra Shulman, Of Bridles and Burnings: The Punishment of Women, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. Pp. 240. $29.95 (ISBN 0-312-08399-8)." Law and History Review 16, no. 2 (1998): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744112.

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Doran, James, David Canty, Karen Dempsey, Alan Cass, Nadarajah Kangaharan, Bo Remenyi, Georgie Brunsdon, et al. "Surgery for rheumatic heart disease in the Northern Territory, Australia, 1997–2016: what have we gained?" BMJ Global Health 8, no. 3 (March 2023): e011763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011763.

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BackgroundBetween 1964 and 1996, the 10-year survival of patients having valve replacement surgery for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the Northern Territory, Australia, was 68%. As medical care has evolved since then, this study aimed to determine whether there has been a corresponding improvement in survival.MethodsA retrospective study of Aboriginal patients with RHD in the Northern Territory, Australia, having their first valve surgery between 1997 and 2016. Survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis.FindingsThe cohort included 281 adults and 61 children. The median (IQR) age at first surgery was 31 (18–42) years; 173/342 (51%) had a valve replacement, 113/342 (33%) had a valve repair and 56/342 (16%) had a commissurotomy. There were 93/342 (27%) deaths during a median (IQR) follow-up of 8 (4–12) years. The overall 10-year survival was 70% (95% CI: 64% to 76%). It was 62% (95% CI: 53% to 70%) in those having valve replacement. There were 204/281 (73%) adults with at least 1 preoperative comorbidity. Preoperative comorbidity was associated with earlier death, the risk of death increasing with each comorbidity (HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.5), p<0.001). Preoperative chronic kidney disease (HR 6.5 (95% CI: 3.0 to 14.0) p≤0.001)), coronary artery disease (HR 3.3 (95% CI: 1.3 to 8.4) p=0.012) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure>50 mm Hg before surgery (HR 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.1) p=0.007) were independently associated with death.InterpretationSurvival after valve replacement for RHD in this region of Australia has not improved. Although the patients were young, many had multiple comorbidities, which influenced long-term outcomes. The increasing prevalence of complex comorbidity in the region is a barrier to achieving optimal health outcomes.

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Zhi, Li, Ni Caifang, Chen Long, Sun Zhiyong, Yang Chao, Zhao Xin, and Wang Yanwei. "Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for the treatment of malignant vertebral compression fractures caused by metastases: a retrospective study." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 8 (April 20, 2014): 1493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132435.

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Background There are few comparative studies regarding kyphoplasty (KP) and vertebroplasty (VP) for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCF) in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare KP with VP in pain improvement, cement leakage incidence, and the cost of treatment of malignant VCF. Methods We performed a retrospective study of clinical data for 80 patients with multiple spinal metastases, treated with KP in 42 cases and VP in 38. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected pre-operatively, post-operatively, at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Cement leakage was identified using fluoroscopy and CT scan. Total cost per patient was also collected. Results There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-operative VAS scores (7.4±2.0 to 3.8±1.6, P < 0.001 in the KP group; 6.7±2.4 to 3.7±1.4, P <0.001 in the VP group), and was maintained at 1-year follow-up (3.2±1.4 in the KP group, 3.1±1.3 in the VP group). However, the difference in VAS score between these two groups was insignificant at baseline and every follow-up assessment post-operatively (P >0.05). The incidence of cement leakage in the KP group was lower than that of the VP group (16.9% (14/83) vs 30.3% (23/76), P<0.05). However, none of the patients developed any symptoms. The length of postoperative hospital stay in the VP group was shorter than that of the KP group ((2.4±1.3) vs (5.3±1.9) days, P<0.05). Total hospital cost in the KP group was much higher than that of the VP group (RMB Yuan 8 492±3 332 vs RMB Yuan 3 173±1 341, P <0.01). Conclusions VP and KP are both effective in providing pain relief for patients with cancer-related VCF. KP provides no greater degree of pain improvement. KP is associated with a lower rate of cement leakage compared with VP. VP is associated with lower cost and shorter postoperative hospital stay in China.

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