Academic literature on the topic '338.604 8'
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Journal articles on the topic "338.604 8":
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Bermudez, Beatriz Elizabeth Bagatin Veleda, Sandra Lira Medeiros, Mariane Bagatin Bermudez, Iolanda Maria Novadzki, and Neiva Isabel Rodrigues Magdalena. "Down syndrome: Prevalence and distribution of congenital heart disease in Brazil." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 133, no. 6 (December 8, 2015): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2015.00710108.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder, affecting 1/700 live births. Among the clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of congenital heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and profile of congenital heart disease among patients attended at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic in southern Brazil between 2005 and 2013. DESIGN AND SETTING : Cross-sectional study conducted in a referral center. METHODS : Data were retrospectively gathered from the medical files of 1,207 patients with Down syndrome, among whom 604 (50.0%) had been diagnosed with congenital heart disease. These data were subjected to descriptive analysis using the Statistica software. RESULTS : Among the 604 patients with congenital heart disease, 338 (55.8%) were male and 269 (44.5%) were female. The most common heart diseases were atrial septal defect in 254 patients (42.1%); total atrioventricular septal defect in 91 (15.1%); atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect in 88 (14.6%); ventricular septal defect in 77 (12.7%); patent ductus arteriosus in 40 (6.6%); patent foramen ovale in 34 (5.6%) patients; tetralogy of Fallot in 12 (2%); and other diseases in 8 (1.3%). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 57 (9.4%). Out of the total, 150 patients (24.8%) underwent cardiac surgery. CONCLUSION : The high prevalence of congenital heart disease among the patients at the Down syndrome outpatient clinic (50%) was similar to findings from other studies and justifies investigation during the neonatal period, so as to decrease mortality and morbidity.
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Drăgoi, Marian, and Irina Irimia. "Recenzii." Bucovina Forestiera 20, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/bf.2020.012.
Abstract:
Albert-László Barabási: Formula – Legile universale ale succesului. Editura trei, București, 2020. 337 p. ISBN 978-606-40-0769-8
Cezar Valentin Tomescu, Taxonomie vegetală, Editura Universității ”Ștefan cel Mare” Suceava, 2020, 201 p. ISBN 978-973-666-600-1
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Mustafa Ali, S., R. Lee, A. Chiarotto, J. Mcbeth, S. Van der Veer, and W. Dixon. "POS1444 ADOPTION OF DIGITAL MANIKINS TO SELF-REPORT PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1006.1–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2679.
Abstract:
Background:Chronic pain is common in rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions, and a major driver of disability worldwide. Knowledge gaps exist with respect to correct estimates of chronic pain [1], what causes it and how best to manage it [2]. To address this, researchers need validated methods to measure pain in large, representative populations. Though many authors have recognised the potential benefits of paper-based and digital pain manikins [3]–[5], it is unknown to what extent studies have adopted digital manikins as a data collection tool.Objectives:The objective of our review was to identify and characterise published studies that have used digital pain manikins as a data collection tool.Methods:We systematically searched six electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, IEEE Xplore digital library, ACM Digital Library, on 3-4 of November 2020 by using a pre-defined search strategy. We included a study in our review if it used a digital manikin for self-reporting any pain aspect (e.g., intensity, type) by people suffering from pain, and if its full text was published in English. We conducted this review by following the PRISMA reporting guidelines and conducted a descriptive synthesis of findings, including manikin-derived outcome measures.Results:Our search yielded 4,685 unique studies. After full text screening of 705 articles, we included 14 studies in our review. Most articles were excluded because they used either paper-based manikins or didn’t include enough details to determine that the manikin was digital (n=386). The majority of included studies were published in Europe (n=11). Most studies collected data on a manikin once (n=11); from people with pain conditions (n=9); and in clinical settings (n=9). There was only one study that collected digital pain manikin data in a large sized (i.e., ~20,000) population-based survey.In most studies participants shaded any painful area on manikin (n=9) and did not enable participants to record location-specific pain aspects (n=11). None of the manikins enabled participants to record location-specific pain intensity. Pain distribution (i.e. number or percentage of pre-defined body areas or locations experiencing pain) and pain extent (i.e. number or percentage of shaded pixels) were commonly used manikin-derived outcome measures. In six studies, a heat map was used to summarise the extent of pain across the population.Conclusion:Digital pain manikins have been available since the 1990s but their adoption in research has been slow. Few manikins enabled location-specific pain recording suggesting that the digital nature of the manikin is not yet fully utilised. Future development of a validated digital pain manikin supporting self-reporting of the location and intensity of pain, usable across any device and screen size, may increase uptake and value.References:[1]S. E. E. Mills, K. P. Nicolson, and B. H. Smith, “Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies,” Br. J. Anaesth., vol. 123, no. 2, pp. e273–e283, Aug. 2019.[2]D. B. Reuben et al., “National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: The Role of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain,” Ann. Intern. Med., vol. 162, no. 4, p. 295, Feb. 2015.[3]R. Waller, P. Manuel, and L. Williamson, “The Swindon Foot and Ankle Questionnaire: Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words?,” ISRN Rheumatol., vol. 2012, pp. 1–8, 2012.[4]M. Barbero et al., “Clinical Significance and Diagnostic Value of Pain Extent Extracted from Pain Drawings: A Scoping Review,” Diagnostics, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 604, Aug. 2020.[5]S. M. Ali, W. J. Lau, J. McBeth, W. G. Dixon, and S. N. van der Veer, “Digital manikins to self-report pain on a smartphone: A systematic review of mobile apps,” Eur. J. Pain, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 327–338, Feb. 2021.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Gafarov, Valeriy V., E. A. Gromova, I. V. Gagulin, D. O. Panov, and A. V. Gafarova. "Tendencies in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the population of Siberia." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 8 (October 3, 2016): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-8-601-608.
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Aim. To characterize differences in the risk of development (RD) of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke during 16 years in an open Siberian population aged 25-64 years and suffering vital exhaustion (VE). Materials and methods. We examined a random representative sample of 657 men and 870 women from the Novosibirsk population in the framework of the WHO «MONICA-psychosocial» screening III program (1954). It included registration of socio-demographic data and cases of VE. A total of 15 episodes of MI and 35 strokes were documented in 30 women and 22 men. Results. The level of VE in men was 66,8% (high in 14,6%), in women75,7% (high in 44,4%). RD of MI estimated from the relative risk (RR) in men with VE(RR=2) was higher than in women. It was higher in divorced women (RR=5,4) than in men (RR=4,7). RD of MIwas higher in men with VE (OR=2,2 in subjects having elementary education, OR=3,7 in bachelors, OR = 7 in widowers;at the age from 45 to 54 years OR=3,8, at the age from 55 to 64 years OR=5,9) than in women. The overall RD of stroke in subjects of either sex with VE was not significantly different (OR=3,34 in women and 3,1). However, it was higher than in womenin men with VE having partially completed secondary-leveland elementary education RR=4.8), in divorcedand widowedmen (RR=3.8 and 3.6 respectively. Conclusion.The study showed that the prevalence of VE in the population aged 25-64yearsis higher than in other age groups and higher in women than in men. VE is a more reliable predictor of MI in men than in women; it is a predictor of stroke in either sexes.
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Başören, Osman Kamil. "Selçuk Atay, Üstat Ekrem, Hece Yayınları,Ankara 2021,s.328,ISBN 978-605-7547-95-8-Tanıtma." Karabük Türkoloji Dergisi 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/katud.20102021.006.
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Steen, R. W. J. "The effect of level of protein supplementation on the performance and carcass composition of young bulls given grass silage ad libitum." Animal Science 52, no. 3 (June 1991): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100013040.
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ABSTRACTTwo experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of the level of protein supplementation given with grass silage-based diets on the performance and carcass composition of bulls, and to compare diets based on silage and dried forage. The five treatments used consisted of grass silage offered ad libitum and supplemented with 2·5 kg dry matter (DM) of barley-based concentrates containing (1) zero (2) 200 (3) 400 and (4) 600 g soya-bean meal per kg and (5) artificially dried grass and hay supplemented with 3·2 kg concentrate DM. The silages used in both experiments were well preserved, containing on average 200 g DM per kg; 140 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 63 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total N and 731 g digestible organic matter per kg DM. The bulls were of late-maturing breed type and were initially 12 months old and 412 and 405 kg live weight in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. For treatments 1, 2, 4 and 5 in experiment 1 respectively (treatment 3 was not used) total DM intakes were 8·3, 8·3, 81 and 110 (s.e. 0·21) kg/day; CP intakes 1063, 1271, 1664 and 1539g/day; metabolizable energy intakes (MEI) 98, 99, 96 and 87 MJ/day; carcass weights 317, 316, 317 and 316 (s.e. 3·2) kg; carcass saleable meat concentrations 714, 712, 718 and 716 (s.e. 5·8) g/kg and carcass fat trims 73, 81, 73 and 68 (s.e. 3·9) g/kg. In experiment 2 for treatments 1 to 5 respectively total DM intakes were 8·3, 8·5, 8·3, 8·4 and 11·2 (s.e. 0·26) kg/day; CP intakes were 1090, 1329, 1504, 1720 and 1561 g/day; MEI 102, 106, 103, 103 and 94 MJ/day; carcass weights 318, 331, 330, 327 and 321 (s.e. 3·3) kg; carcass saleable meat concentrations 726, 721, 725, 721 and 732 (s.e. 60) g/kg and fat trims 71, 77, 78, 80 and 64 (s.e. 4·5) g/kg. It is concluded that protein supplementation of a silage-based diet did not affect performance or carcass fatness in experiment 1 or carcass fatness in experiment 2, but including 200 or 400 g soya-bean meal per kg concentrate increased performance in experiment 2. Animals given silage produced fatter carcasses than those given dried forage in experiment 2 but not in experiment 1.
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Peraza Gómez, Jenny Paola, Angie Lizeth Castañeda Casasbuenas, Diana Marcela Zapata Torres, and Danny Wilson Sanjuanelo Corredor. "Nivel de flexibilidad de deportistas en formación a través del Test de Sit and Reach, Tocancipá, Cundinamarca." Revista digital: Actividad Física y Deporte 4, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31910/rdafd.v4.n2.2018.552.
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El estudio determinó el nivel de flexibilidad, a través del test Sit and Reach en los niños y niñas de los diferentes deportes en formación del Instituto Municipal de Recreación y de Deporte de Tocancipá. Estudio de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, con un rango de edad de la población entre los 8 y 17 años, con la participación de 334 niñas y niños. El mejor registro en el test Sit and Reach, se presentó en niñas a los 14 años con un valor de (25,9±6,4 cm), en niños de (19,3±7,6 cm), para la variable deporte en la que se midieron 13 deportes, capoeira en niñas obtuvo un valor de (29,5±3,8 cm), en niños (24,5±7,1 cm), siendo capoeira el deporte con mejor resultado en ambos sexos, de acuerdo al percentil 90,87 niños y niñas se encuentran por encima del valor, mientras 65 niños y niñas están por debajo del percentil 20, confirmando la hipótesis alternativa, (p: 0,0087).
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Carlini, P., E. Bria, G. Ferretti, A. Felici, P. Papaldo, A. Fabi, E. M. Ruggeri, F. Cognetti, E. Terzoli, and D. Giannarelli. "New aromatase inhibitors (Ais) as 1st-line endocrine therapy (ET) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): A pooled analysis of 3238 women from 8 phase III trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 16_suppl (June 2005): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.602.
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Jeong, Kyoungyun, Seong-Ho Kong, Seong-Woo Bae, Cho Rong Park, Felix Berlth, Jae Hwan Shin, Yoon-Sang Lee, et al. "Evaluation of near-Infrared fluorescence-conjugated peptides for visualization of human epidermal receptor 2-overexpressed gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.338.
Abstract:
338 Background: HER2 is highly overexpressed in many kinds of cancers with a poor prognosis. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-based imaging is a growing field for both pre-clinical and clinical application. In this study, we aimed to synthesize Human Epidermal Receptor2 (HER2)-specific near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Methods: An NIR dye emitting light of 800 nm (IRDye800CW, Li-COR, USA) was conjugated to trastuzumab and HER2-specific affibody using click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed by the surface plasmon resonance technique. HER2 positive/negative gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c-nu (6 to 8 weeks old) mice. The biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured by Lumina II (Perkin Elmer, MA, USA) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart, Seoul, Korea) after injecting the probes intravenously. Results: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW showed higher affinity to HER2 (K(D) = 2.093(3)pM) than unconjugated trastuzumab(K(D) = 25.75pM). The significant signal of fluorescence was targeted to the HER2-positive tumors at 24hr after injection, while no or low signal retention was observed in negative group. The peak appears at 24hr after injection. On the other hand, small difference of affinity was shown between HER2-target affibody-IRDye800CW (K(D) = 4.71nM) and unlabeled pure affibody(K(D) = 1.42nM). The renal clearance of HER2-target affibody conjugated with IRDye800CW was so fast that we could not detect the signal. Conclusions: Our results suggest that trastuzumab conjugated with IRDye800CW can be a feasible tool to monitor HER2 status in pre-clinical cancer imaging. Moreover, this probe can provide complementary means for assessment of HER2 expression in gastric cancer patients and/or be used to further detection of HER2-positive lesions during image-guided surgery.
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Medina-Rodriguez, Manuel, Manuel Millan-Vazquez, Elena Zapata-Arriaza, Irene Escudero, Blanca Pardo-Galiana, Juan Antonio Cabezas-Rodriguez, Lucia Lebrato-Hernandez, et al. "Intravenous Thrombolysis Guided by Perfusion CT with Alteplase in >4.5 Hours from Stroke Onset." Cerebrovascular Diseases 49, no. 3 (2020): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509013.
Abstract:
Introduction: The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in wake-up stroke (WUS), stroke of unknown time of onset (SUKO), or when time exceeds 4.5 h from last-seen-normal (LSN) guided by CT perfusion (CTP) or MRI has been recently suggested. However, there is limited information of IVT in those patients in real-world studies. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate safety and efficacy of IVT selected by CTP in patients with WUS, SUKO, or stroke of time onset beyond 4.5 h. Material and Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of patients who underwent IVT from January 2010 to December 2017. Two groups were defined: standard of care group (SC) included patients with time onset <4.5 h and CTP group included patients with WUS, SUKO, or onset beyond >4.5 h from LSN with penumbra area in CTP. We evaluated baseline characteristics, functional outcomes according to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and at 90 days, and intracranial hemorrhages rates. Results: 657 patients were studied: 604 (92%) were treated in the SC group and 53 (8%) in the CTP group. The mean NIHSS score was 9.8 in the CTP group versus 13 in the SC group (p = 0.001). Seventeen patients in the CTP group (32.1%) received bridging therapy with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Last time seen well-to-needle time was 538 versus 155 min (p < 0.001). The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was equal in both groups (3.8 vs. 3.8%, p = 1). Good functional outcome (mRS < 2) was achieved in both groups (72 vs. 60.4%, p = 0.107). Conclusions: IVT in patients with WUS, SUKO, or stroke beyond >4.5 h from LSN, with salvageable brain tissue on CTP, seems to be safe and has similar functional outcomes at 90 days to the standard therapeutic window, even when combined with MT.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "338.604 8":
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Jiménez, Morales Mònika. "De l'estereotip adult a la realitat preadolescent. Influència del discurs audiovisual publicitari en els transtorns del comportament alimentari en nens i nenes de 8 a 12 anys." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7521.
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Tesi doctoral que determina, a partir d'estudis quantitatius i qualitatius, quin és el procés a través del qual els nens i nenes en etapa preadolescent (9-12 anys) interioritzen valors i esterotips adults difosos a través de la publicitat convencional i no convencional i la possible incidència d'aquest procés en futurs trastorns del comportament alimentari.L'estudi aprofundeix en la interrelació entre aquesta interpretació preadolescent d'aquests estereotips publicitaris i l'aparició d'indicis d'una simptomatologia pròpia dels trastorns del comportament alimentari relacionada amb l'intent infantil de començar a adequar-se a uns determinats cànons estètics habituals en la publicitat adreçada a un públic objectiu adult. La present recerca analitza de forma comparativa la publicitat adreçada al públic objectiu adult i la que es dirigeix a un públic infantil, tot parant especial atenció a les similituds i a les divergències de les fórmules persuasives utilitzades, als hàbits difosos a través dels espots estudiats i a la generació d'estereotips físics, psíquics, socials i culturals.
Doctoral thesis that determines the process through preadolescents addopt values and stereotypes created and diffused by means of conventional and non-conventional advertising. Secondly, the research analizes the possible incidence of this process on future adolescent Eating Disorders. The study deepens on the relation between this preadolescent interpretation of the advertising stereotypes, and the apparition of signs of a symptom characteristic of Eating which use to appear on adult advertising. The research establishes, from a comparative point of view, the advertising strategies used for an adult target and the creative discourse addressed to children, paying special attention to resemblances and divergencies on the persuasive structures used on the advertising strategies, the behaviour habits diffused through the spots, and the generation of phisical, psychic, social and cultural stereotypes.
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Hošta, Vlastimil. "Srovnání základní motorické výkonnosti a vybraných charaketristik tělesné stavby UNIFITTESTEM (6-60) 8. ročníků na 33. ZŠ v Plzni." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-270833.
Abstract:
Název: Srovnání základní motorické výkonnosti a vybraných charakteristik tělesné stavby UNIFITTESTEM (6-60) 8. ročníků na 33. ZŠ v Plzni. A Comparison ofthe Motoric Efficiency and Selected Bodily Structure Characteristies with the Use ofUNIFITTEST (6-60) in 8th Grades at the 33rd Pilsen Primary School Cíle práce: Cílem této práce je pomocí UNIFITTESTU (6-60) zjistit rozdíly v základní motorické výkonnosti a vybraných charakteristik mezi jednotlivými třídami 8. ročníku na 33. ZŠ v Plzni. Metoda: Testování jsem prováděl podle manuálu pro hodnocení základní motorické výkonnosti a vybraných charakteristik tělesné stavby mládeže a dospělých v České republice. K zpracování a vyhodnocení individuálních motorických profilů jsem použil počítačový program UNIFITTEST. K srovnání výsledků jednotlivých tříd mezi sebou jsem použil popisné statistiky pomocí tabulek a k důkazu hypotéz vypočet věcné významnosti - effect size. Výsledky: Získané výsledky dávají přehled o motorické výkonnosti a vybraných charakteristikách tělesné stavby jednotlivých žáků osmých tříd na 33. ZŠ v Plzni a srovnávají výkonnost jednotlivých tříd mezi sebou. Klíčová slova: motorická výkonnost, tělesná zdatnost, motorické testy, somatometrie, testová baterie a testový profil, populační normy a standardy 2
Books on the topic "338.604 8":
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Пірен, М. І. Конфліктологія. Київ: МАУП, 2007.
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Isu, Toyohiko, and Kyongsong Kim, eds. Entrapment Neuropathy of the Lumbar Spine and Lower Limbs. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6204-8.
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Kim, Jun Ki, Jeong Kon Kim, and Chan-Gi Pack, eds. Advanced Imaging and Bio Techniques for Convergence Science. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8.
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Mao, Xudong, and Qing Li. Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Generation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6048-8.
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Dinamika tata kelola industri media: Perspektif manajemen dan komunikasi. Surabaya, Indonesia: UIN Sunan Ampel Press: Surabaya, 2018.
Book chapters on the topic "338.604 8":
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"Sess. 318. Novem. 8, 1644. Friday morning." In The Minutes and Papers of the Westminster Assembly 1643–1652, Vol. 3: Minutes, Sessions 199–603 (1644–1646), edited by Chad Van Dixhoorn and David F. Wright, 441–42. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00025489.
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Bygrave, Lee A., and Luca Tosoni. "Article 4(11). Consent." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0017.
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Article 5 (Principles relating to processing of personal data) (see also recitals 33, 39 and 50); Article 6(1)(a) (Lawfulness of processing on basis of consent) (see too recital 40); Article 7 (Conditions for consent) (see also recital 42); Article 8 (Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services) (see too recital 38); Article 9(2)(a) (Processing of special categories of personal data on basis of consent) (see too recital 51); Article 13 (Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject) (see too recitals 60–62); Article 14 (Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject); Article 17 (Right to erasure) (see too recital 65); Article 20 (Right to data portability) (see too recital 68); Article 22 (Automated individual decision-making, including profiling) (see too recital 71); Article 49(1)(a) (Transfer of personal data to third country or international organisation on basis of consent) (see too recitals 111–112).
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Chua, Alton Y. K. "Expectations, Dispositions, and Experiences of International Graduate Students." In Handbook of Research on Education and Technology in a Changing Society, 872–82. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6046-5.ch065.
Abstract:
This chapter seeks to examine the expectations, dispositions, and experiences of international graduate students in a publicly funded university in Singapore. Using a qualitative research design, a total of 4 focus groups involving some 33 graduate international students from 8 countries were conducted. It was found that their expectations were set mainly in economic dimensions. These included good job opportunities, attractive salaries, and good career development prospects in Singapore. In terms of dispositions, participants' considerations for studying overseas were tied closely to the aspiration for graduate education as well as the perceived appeal of an educational qualification from Singapore. In terms of experiences, participants enjoyed pleasant encounters both on-campus and off-campus. Most felt welcomed and could cope well with their studies. This chapter paints a number of future trends before it concludes with a few implications for policy makers as well as suggestions for future research.
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White, Eric. "Binding Waste as Book History." In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/006.
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n this article the Author examines binding waste made from the earliest editions of Donatus’ Ars minor (a Latin grammar printed in Mainz during the 1450s and ’60s) to contextualize his earlier conclusions regarding at least 15 copies of the Gutenberg Bible known only from fragments, which bookbinders across Europe recycled for waste material during the later sixteenth century and throughout the seventeenth century. The binding contexts for the Donatus fragments, by contrast, date mainly to the fifteenth century. This testifies to the fact that the Bibles retained their usefulness much longer than the schoolbooks did, and suggests that the functional life spans of various genres of books are measurable, and this can be better understood through similar studies of binding waste in context.
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Bygrave, Lee A. "Article 4(4). Profiling." In The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826491.003.0010.
Abstract:
Article 3(2)(b) (Monitoring of data subjects’ behaviour); Article 5 (Principles relating to processing of personal data); Article 6 (Legal grounds for processing of personal data); Article 8 (Conditions applicable to children’s consent in relation to information society services) (see also recital 38); Article 13(2)(f) (Information on the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling) (see also recital 60); Article 14(2)(g) (Information on the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling) (see also recital 60); Article 15(1)(h) (Right of access regarding automated decision-making, including profiling) (see also recital 63); Article 21 (Right to object) (see also recital 70); Article 22 (Automated decision-making, including profiling) (see also recital 71); Article 23 (Restrictions) (see also recital 73); Article 35(3)(a) (Data protection impact assessment) (see also recital 91); Article 47(2)(e) (Binding corporate rules); Article 70(1)(f) (EDPB guidelines on automated decisions based on profiling)/
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Pickover, Clifford A. "73,939,133." In Wonders of Numbers, 184. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133424.003.0076.
Abstract:
Abstract Amazingly, this is the largest number known such that all its digits produce prime numbers as they are stripped away from the right! Dr. Googol does not know if there are larger numbers with this property. In the 17th century, mathematicians showed that the following numbers are all prime: At the time, some mathematicians were tempted to assume that all numbers of this form were prime; however, the next number in the pattern, 333,333,331, turned out not to be prime because 333,333,331 = 17 x 19, 607,843. Let this be a warning to those of you who find mathematical patterns and assume that the pattern continues forever. (If we designate n as the number of digits in the 33 ... 31 numbers, then these numbers are prime for n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 40, 50, 60, 78, 101, 151, 319, and 382.)
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Rédua, Renato Barcellos, Paulo César Barbosa Rédua, and Adriana de Oliveira Lira. "OCORRÊNCIA DE BRUXISMO EM CRIANÇAS ACOMPANHADAS POR 12 ANOS NASCIDAS NAS DÉCADAS DE 80, 90 E 2000." In Saúde da mulher, criança e adolescente, 23–31. Bookerfield Editora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf21060102.
Abstract:
Entre as parafunções orais, o bruxismo aparece como o mais frequente, juntamente com o hábito de sucção de chupeta, em crianças brasileiras. Esta é uma condição clínica indesejável que pode resultar em danos às estruturas dentárias. Segundo a literatura sua prevalência gira em torno de 7 a 20% nas crianças, assim o odontopediatra deve estar atento a diagnosticar e proporcionar uma abordagem eficiente para o controle do bruxismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência do bruxismo em crianças acompanhadas desde o primeiro ano de vida até os 12 anos, nas décadas de 80, 90 e 2000; e verificar a idade de maior incidência desta alteração. Metodologia: Um estudo coorte composto por 600 prontuários de crianças que foram acompanhadas da idade de 12 a 23 meses até completar 12 anos de idade, em um consultório particular, sendo 200 crianças na década de 80 (Grupo 1), 200 de 90 (Grupo 2) e 200 na década de 2000 (Grupo 3). Resultados: Das 600 crianças avaliadas, 100 (16,6%) foram diagnosticadas com bruxismo, sendo 26 dessas acompanhadas na década de 80 (13%), 33 na década de 90 (16,5%) e 41 na década de 2000 (20,5%). 30 crianças (30%) delas receberam o diagnóstico do 1º. ao 4º. ano de vida, 55 (55%) do 5º ao 8º ano e 15 (15%) do 9º ao 12º ano. Conclusões: Verificou-se aumento do diagnóstico de bruxismo em crianças ao longo das décadas, e a incidência desta alteração foi maior em crianças de 5 a 8 anos de idade.
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Han, Donghee, and Kathryn L. Braun. "Promoting Active Ageing through Technology Training in Korea." In Intelligent Technologies for Bridging the Grey Digital Divide, 141–58. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-825-8.ch010.
Abstract:
By 2050, people aged 60 and older will comprise 33% of Korea’s population, up from about 12% currently. In many occupational sectors, women retire at 55 and men at 60. This rapidly shifting demographic requires a new perspective on retirement and a better image of older persons in Korea. In line with the Active Ageing Framework of the World Health Organization, the Active Ageing Consortium in Asia Pacific (ACAP) advocates for changes to individual practices, social norms, and social policy to support the continued engagement of older adults as active contributors to society in the 21st century. Digital literacy is a critical element of Active Ageing, enhancing participation in today’s modes of communication and social connectivity. To promote the concept of Active Ageing with Digital Ageing, Korea’s Research Institute of Science for the Better Living of the Elderly (RISBLE) aims to increase Korean elders’ access to information and their opportunities for communication and participation. RISBLE’s programs—Cyber Family, Internet Navigator, and the 1080 Family Online Game Festival—help elders master new technology, strengthen intergenerational relations, gain leadership roles, and contribute as community teachers. This chapter reviews the Korean situation of ageing, outlines ACAP’s commitment to Active Ageing with Digital Ageing, and presents information on three RISBLE programs. These “best practices” are shared in hopes that other communities can learn from RISBLE’s work to reduce the ageing digital divide and promote digital life for older persons in South Korea.
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SILVA DA CUNHA VIEIRA, SIMONE. "EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA E O ENDIVIDAMENTO DE IDOSOS." In Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (Vol 02). Editora Realize, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/ix.conedu.2023.gt12.011.
Abstract:
Este estudo objetiva identificar o nível de conhecimento e aplicação da educação financeira por idosos endividados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa, quantitativa e descritiva. Como instrumento de pesquisa foi aplicado um questionário contendo oito questões, e 138 respondentes foram validados. A amostra é composta por idosos: de 60 a 65 anos (12%), de 66 a 70 anos (25%), de 71 a 75 anos (38%), e acima de 76 anos (25%). Os resultados demostram que cerca de 62% atribuem seu nível de endividamento ao excesso de consumo, sendo que 49% reconhecem que controlam apenas às vezes seus gastos. A principal fonte de conhecimentos para administrar receitas e gastos para 23% dos idosos foi a escola/faculdade, e para 37% foi Internet, jornais e outros. Além disso, 75% dos idosos entrevistados participam de maneira significativa no orçamento doméstico. Sendo que 44% dos idosos vivem em casa com até 3 pessoas, 30% com 4 ou 5 pessoas, 18% com mais de 5 pessoas, e apenas 8% com até 2 pessoas. A maioria, 83%, possui endividamento com condições de pagamento, e 9% admitem não terem condições de quitar suas dívidas. Conclui-se ser fundamental a educação financeira de idosos, considerados vulneráveis, na prevenção do excesso de endividamento e inadimplência.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Natural Product Synthesis by C–H Functionalization: (±)-Allokainic Acid (Wee), (–)-Cameroonan-7α-ol (Taber), (+)-Lithospermic Acid (Yu), (–)-Manabacanine (Kroutil), Streptorubin B, and Metacycloprodigiosin (Challis)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0022.
Abstract:
Andrew G.H. Wee of the University of Regina showed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5386) that with the bulky BTMSM group on N and the electron-withdrawing pivaloyloxy group deactivating the alternative C–H insertion site, the diazo ketone 1 cleanly cyclized to 2, with 21:1 diastereocontrol. Oxidative cleavage of the arene followed by amide reduction and methylenation of the ketone converted 2 into (±)-allokainic acid 3. Intermolecular C–H insertion was the key step in a complementary route to (±)-kainic acid reported (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2674) by Takehiko Yoshimitsu of Osaka University. Rh-mediated intramolecular C–H insertion was also the first step in our (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 1874) synthesis of (–)-cameroonan-7α-ol 6. In the course of that synthesis, seven of the C–H bonds of 4 were converted to C–C bonds. Jin-Quan Yu of Scripps/La Jolla oxidatively activated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5767) the ortho H of 8 with catalytic Pd, then engaged that intermediate with 7 in a Heck coupling, to give 9, and thus (+)-lithospermic acid 10. The starting acid 8 was prepared by enantioselective Rh-mediated intramolecular C–H insertion. Wolfgang Kroutil of the University of Graz found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1068) that berberine bridging enzyme (BBE) from the California poppy could be used preparatively to cyclize a variety of tetrahydroisoquinolines, including 11 to give (–)-manibacanine 13. Although this is clearly a Mannich-type cyclization, a simple Mannich reaction gave a 40:60 mixture of regioisomers, each of them racemic. The enzyme effected cyclization to a 96:4 ratio of regioisomers, and only one enantiomer of 11 participated. Gregory L. Challis of the University of Warwick harnessed (Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 388) the [2Fe-2S] Rieske cluster enzyme RedG of Streptomyces coelicolor to effect oxidative cyclization of 14 to streptorubin B 15. An ortholog of the enzyme cyclized 14 to metacycloprodigiosin 16. It is interesting to speculate as to whether the cyclizations are initiated by the activation of an H on the alkyl sidechain or by oxidation of the pyrrole.
Conference papers on the topic "338.604 8":
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Trushkin, S., P. Tsybulev, N. Nizhelsky, N. Bursov, and A. Shevchenko. "Fastly varying objects: fast radio bursts, magnetars, and pulsars with RATAN-600." In ASTRONOMY AT THE EPOCH OF MULTIMESSENGER STUDIES. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23–28, 2021. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/vak2021.2022.1.1.197.
Abstract:
With RATAN-600 radio telescope we can conduct studies of pulsed radiation of events associated with fast radio bursts(FRB), giant pulses (GP) of pulsars and flare activity of magnetars at high frequencies. Now the telescope has been equippedwith full-power radiometers with the highest possible time resolution and band division at a frequency of 4.7 GHz into fournarrow channels (150 MHz), which needed for detection of pulse shifts due to cosmic dispersion. As the main aim, thesearch for FRB in the blind 24h-surveys of sky regions has been conducted for more than four years on four radiometers(beams). In the sky regions at declinations of 33, 22, 5 and 11 degrees, no FRB with a flux greater than 5 Jy were detected.However, in the Crab Nebula, we registered seven GP from its 33-millisecond pulsar. The maximum pulse was above 100 Jy.Measurements of radio pulses from the X-ray magnetar XTE J1810−197 were carried out from 19 December 2018, when,after ten years on December 8, 2018 a bright X-ray flare occurred and weak radio pulses were detected with a pulsar rotationperiod of 5.54 seconds. Based on the arrival times of pulses in narrow channels, we confirmed the measure of dispersionDM=178 pc/cm 3 . The pulses themselves, with a total duration of about 200 ms, included up to 15 sub-pulses with a widthof 10 to 50 ms with a flux density of up to 5 Jy. During three months XTEJ1809−197 remained the brightest radio pulsarin the Milky Way.
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Lishchenko, Pavel, Maria Draganskaya, and Inna Savvicheva. "Assessment of grain productivity and adaptability yellow lupine on soddy-podzol sandy soil." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-52-59.
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain productivity and adaptability indicators of various varieties of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil. We studied 8 varieties of lupine of domestic selection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Novozybkovskaya SHOS; neighboring countries - Belarus and foreign selection (Germany), as well as the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS for 2016–2020. The adaptability of variety samples was comprehensively tested in terms of environmental stability and plasticity, using the criterion of "yield". Changes in meteorological conditions over the years of research made it possible to objectively assess the variation in the productivity of lupine by grain. For five years of testing, the grain yield varied from 6.4 c/ha Vladko (Belarus) to 11.8 c/ha, Novozybkovsky 100 (Novozybkovskaya SHOS). On average, changes in the productivity of varieties of VNII lupine from 9.7 to 11.3 c/ha, Novozybkovskaya SHOS – 10.7–11.8 c/ha, Belarusian breeding – 6.4–9.1 c/ha, foreign – 8.3–8.7 q/ha. Samples 5-10-84 (13.2 c/ha), 1-08-7-75 and 2-13-33 (12.7 c/ha) and 7-13-65 (12,5 q/ha). According to the set of indicators of adaptability, the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine Nadezhny and Bulat turned out to be the best among the varieties; Belarusian selection Kastrychnik; Novozybkovskoy SHOS – Druzhny 165 and Novozybkovsky 100. From the hybrid material of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS promising numbers 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 4-12-302, 2-13-33, which have genetic flexibility, adaptability and stability in conditions of sandy and sandy loamy soils of the South-West of the Bryansk region.
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Kos, M., F. X. Hainz, I. Assmann, M. Kundi, I. Pabinger, S. Panzer, Ch Korninger, Ch Kunz, and K. Lechner. "RISK FACTORS FOR AIDS AND ARC IN MULTITRANSHJSED HAEMOPHILIACS: ASSOCIATION OF A WEAK GAG P 18 IN WESTERN BLOT (WB) AND IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644680.
Abstract:
Lymphocyte subsets, platelet counts, immune globulin levels and antibody to HIV (Elisa, WB) were determined in 87 multitransfused asymptomatic haemophiliacs in 1982/83. Between 1982 and 1987 6 patients developed AIDS and 5 ARC (3 immune thrombocytopenia and 2 lymphadenopathy). AIDS or ARC developed in seropositive patients only (11/49). Patients who subsequently developed AIDS or ARC showed significantly lower numbers of T helper lymphocytes (378/mm3 versus 605/mm3; p 0.01), lower platelet counts (157x109 versus 194x109; p 0.05) and higher levels of IgG (2528 mg/dl versus 1992 mg/dl; p 0.01). AIDS or ARC occured in 4 of 7 patients(57.1%) with a low HIV antibody level ( 2000), but only in 7 of 42 (16.6%) with a high level of antibody to HIV ( 2000). A weak gag p 24 in WB was found in 4 of 11 patients (36.3%) who subsequently acquired AIDS or ARC , while none of the patients whq remained asymptomatic displayed this reactivity pattern in WB. 9 patients showed a weak gag p 18 in WB. 8 of them (88.8%) have platelet counts below 120x109 /1, 3 developed imiruine thrombocytopenia with platelet counts of less than 50xl09. Oily 6 of 40 patients (15%) without this reactivity pattern in WB have platelet counts lower than 120x109 and none below 50xl09.We conclude that a weak gag p 24 in WB has a strong positive predictive power for the development of AIDS or ARC in seropositive haemophiliacs. A weak gag p 18 in WB could possibly be associated with the occurence of immune thrombocytopenia in these patients.
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Pierrakos, Olga. "A Study of Mechanical Engineering Students’ Learning Outcomes During Summer Undergraduate Research Experiences." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68041.
Abstract:
Undergraduate research experiences, which are highly promoted and supported by NSF and other agencies, present a great opportunity for our students to learn essential problem solving skills. The National Science Foundation’s Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program is one of the largest initiatives supporting active research participation by undergraduate students in all of the areas of research funded by NSF. The REU program, with more than 600 sites around the world, presently funds over 1000 active awards, totaling over $327 million. From these active REU awards, 384 (38% of the total active awards) are related to engineering (determined by having ‘engineering’ as a keyword in the title and abstract) and account for about $170 million, about half of the total amount of awards to date. In spite of such widespread support and belief in the value of undergraduate research, limited well-grounded research and evaluation studies exist [1]. Most of the existing literature reveals the predominance of program descriptions, explanation of models, and evaluation efforts, rather than studies grounded on research. Only recently have research and evaluation studies focused on assessing the benefits of undergraduate research [1–8]. Some of these benefits are (a) retention for underrepresented groups, (b) increased interest in the discipline, (c) gaining critical thinking skills, (d) increased self-confidence, and (e) clarification of career goals. Moreover, most of these studies on undergraduate research have focused on the sciences, whereas undergraduate research experiences in engineering have been understudied.
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Sahu, Shreehard, Bikash Kumar, Siba Sundar Sahoo, Balila Nagamani Jaya, and Dheepa Srinivasan. "Thermal Stability of Additively Manufactured Mar M 509." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-91410.
Abstract:
Abstract Co based superalloy Mar M 509 having excellent high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance is studied via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mar M 509 in the as-printed (AsP) and heat-treated (HT) condition are compared, as a function of two build orientations (longitudinal (L) and transverse (T)), to establish a working range for application of the alloy. The AsP condition has a distinct cellular microstructure (500–600 nm) with 50–60 nm carbide particles decorating the cell boundaries. The L build orientation displays a strong <001> texture, has columnar grains with a grain size of 8–35 μm (along major axis) and a grain aspect ratio of 4, while the T orientation displays a more equiaxed, but bi-modal microstructure with a grain size of 5–28 μm. The room temperature mechanical properties show variability between L and T with T having 15% higher hardness and 34% higher 0.2% yield strength (YS), 30% lower elongation than L. After a short cycle heat treatment at 1250°C, the weld bead structure and cellular boundaries are broken down and there is substantial grain growth in both L (25–33 μm along major axis) and T orientations (5–42 μm), along with coarsening of carbides (250–350 nm). The dislocation density reduces substantially, indicating recrystallisation, and the lattice parameter of the matrix drops significantly, suggesting solute depletion that contributes to precipitate growth and enrichment of the carbides. There is a drop in the yield strength from 860 MPa to 740 MPa in L and from 1150 MPa to 840MPa in T and an increase in ductility from 14% to 23% in L.
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Keaton, Jeffrey R., and Luther H. Boudra. "Development of Sinkhole Hazard for Pipeline Risk Assessment in Northern Florida." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33117.
Abstract:
Sinkholes are common features in parts of Florida, and the Florida Geological Survey maintains an online database of sinkhole incident reports (SIRs) that was started in 1965. The incident reports are accepted “as-is” without verification; sinkhole location, length, width, and depth are included in SIRs. A desktop assessment of sinkhole activity in northern Florida was developed on the basis of SIRs that were available in GIS (shape file) format from the Florida Geological Survey website and an understanding that sinkhole activity needed to be normalized to length for use in pipeline risk assessments. The rate of sinkhole development in northern Florida was quantified by extracting sinkhole locations within 10 miles of a 230-mile-long hypothetical alignment of a pipeline and lateral. Over 500 sinkholes were located within the approximately 4,700-square mile polygon. Sinkhole trends aligned to highways indicate more complete reporting; therefore, 33 road segments comprising a combined length of about 944 miles within the polygon were used for statistical analysis. The SIR database was accepted as an accurate portrayal of sinkholes during its 47-year existence. Sinkhole activity was portrayed as annual frequency for sinkhole width or length ranging from 1 to 500 feet and normalized to 1 square mile and 1 lineal mile. A sinkhole 2 feet or larger in width occurs on average 8 times per year somewhere within 10 miles of the hypothetical alignment; whereas, a similar sinkhole occurs on average 4 times per year along a length of 944 miles. A 2-foot or larger sinkhole occurs on average about every 600 years within any 1 square mile of the 4,700-square-mile area and about every 200 years along any 1 mile of alignment length. On a per-lineal-mile basis, the expected 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 9 feet wide; whereas the 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 22 feet wide. Performance of specific pipelines under loading conditions associated with sinkholes of various widths can be assessed and used in a pipeline risk assessment.
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Rachman, Buna Rizal, Bonar Noviasta, Timora Wijayanto, Ramadhan Yoan Mardiana, Esa Taufik, Rangga Saputra, and Boris Styward. "Hydraulic Workover Unit Utilization for New Well Openhole Drilling with Directional Motor and Logging-While-Drilling Bottom-Hole-Assembly in M Area." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207371-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Achieving a number of well targets in M Area is an important objective for MK, one of the oil and gas operators in Indonesia. An economic challenge is present due to marginal gas reservoirs in shallow zone. The conventional swamp rig unit requires significant costs for site preparation work and in some cases no longer fulfils the economic criteria. The objective was to drill the same one-phase well (OPW) architecture as the swamp rig normally drills, but at lower costs using a hydraulic workover unit (HWU). Drilling the 8½-in hole section OPW architecture using HWU was challenging, not only on the equipment rating and capability, but also on the deck space limitation part. The fit-for-purpose directional and logging-while-drilling (LWD) system was utilized in this project consisting of customized low-torque excellent hydraulics drill bit design, a positive displacement motor (PDM) with aggressive bend setting to achieve directional objective (with max 3.8°/30-m dogleg severity), annular-pressure-while-drilling (APWD) measurement to ensure equivalent circulating density (ECD) is maintained, and combined electromagnetic propagation resistivity and sonic slowness measurement coupled with high-speed telemetry measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool to get an accurate and timely formation evaluation. The HWU deck space limitation was solved by implementing a single combined directional drilling (DD), MWD, mudlogging cabin, in addition to the remote operation control implementation to further reduce carbon footprint. Five wells were drilled safely and successfully in this campaign. Drilling efficiency improved with up to 109% ROP increase as compared to the first well, showing the progressive learning curve and excellent teamwork from all involved parties. The directional bottom hole assembly (BHA) was capable of delivering up to 4–5°/30-m dogleg, not only achieving the directional objective, but also penetrating the reservoir targets with tight tolerances. The drill bit delivered very good ROP, reaching 60.4 m/h (about 66% of average OPW ROP achieved by swamp rig). This campaign also successfully reduced the overall site preparation cost by up to 30%, enabling MK to drill wells that were initially not feasible to be drilled using swamp rig within the time frame and budget. Thanks to the success, this new method is currently under study for industrialization. The HWU drilling campaign provided a valuable learning experience, is considered as a proven drilling method, and served as a benchmark for other operators in Indonesia. HWU drilling has proven to be an efficient drilling method and capable of delivering the one-phase-well. This paper presents a unique case study of new well open hole drilling with the HWU and its applicability in M Area. Most studies in the past were HWU drilling in re-entry or sidetrack cases.
Reports on the topic "338.604 8":
1
Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich, and David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
Abstract:
The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.
Abstract:
Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.
Abstract:
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.
Abstract:
Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson, and Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.
Abstract:
Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
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Hansson, David, and Sven-Erik Svensson. Effekten av rad- och plantavstånd på skörd och ogräskonkurrens vid ekologisk odling av vårkornsorterna Irina och Planet. Fakulteten för landskapsarkitektur, trädgårds- och växtproduktionsvetenskap, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.3ca6ftc9d5.
Abstract:
Denna rapport är slutredovisningen av SLU Partnerskap Alnarp projekt 1433, ”Effekten av sådensitet och såmönster på skörd och ogräskonkurrens hos vårkorn”, med motfinansiering från Statens Jordbruksverk via projektet ”Effekten av sådensitet och såmönster på stråsäds ogräskonkurrerande egenskaper i ekologisk produktion” samt Väderstad AB. Projektet med finansiering från Jordbruksverket var inriktat på att studera hur olika radavstånd på såmaskinen och olika plantavstånd i såraden, vid varierande utsädesmängder, påverkar skördens storlek och kvalitet samt grödans och dess plantbestånds förmåga att undertrycka fröogräs i ekologisk odling av vårkornssorterna Irina och Planet. I projektet tillämpades fördröjd sådd samt mekanisk ogräsbekämpning, i form av falska såbäddar före sådden samt blindharvning före uppkomst och selektiv ogräsharvning efter uppkomst av vårkornet. Bland de två vårkornsorterna som studeras anses Planet ha en relativt bra ogräskonkurrerande förmåga och Irina anses ha en något sämre ogräskonkurrerande förmåga. Parallellt med studierna av rad- och plantavståndens påverkan på fröogräsen, så utvärderades även hur dessa parametrar påverkade vårkornens bladyteindex (LAI), skördens storlek och kvalitet samt kväveeffektiviteten (nitrogen use efficiency = NUE). Skörden av vårkorn ökade generellt vid en jämnare rumslig fördelning av utsädet. Den ökade skörden uppnåddes vid ett tätare radavstånd på såmaskinen och en ökad planttäthet (ökat antal plantor per m²). Skörderesultaten för Irina och Planet tyder på att en jämnare rumslig fördelning av utsädet, över hela markytan, genom att så vårkorn på 6,25 cm med Väderstad Turf Rapid eller via ”3-radsbandsådd” med Väderstad 300 C, ger högre kornskörd jämfört med sådd på 25 cm. Skörden vid försöken utförda 2022 i ekologiskt vårkorn som såddes på 6,25 cm i jämförelse med 12,5 cm radavstånd, var 8-15 % större (0,5-1,0 ton/ha) för det tätare radavståndet, vid utsädesmängden 500 kärnor per m². Även vid utsädesmängden 300 kärnor per m², så var skörden något större, 2-7 % (0,1-0,4 ton/ha), för det tätare radavståndet. Detta resultat ansluter mycket väl till litteraturgenomgången, samt vår hypotes om att en jämnare rumslig fördelning av utsädet över markytan, genom ett tätare radavstånd och en något ökad utsädesmängd bör resultera i högre skörd. Skörden under 2023, med den mycket torra försommaren, resulterade precis som för 2022 i Irina, med ökad skörd vid ett tätare radavstånd och ökad utsädesmängd, på en ganska vatten-hållande jord (Campus Alnarp). Dock fick vi ett avvikande skörderesultat för Planet under 2023. Här var skörden opåverkad av radavstånden 6,25 och 12,5 cm. Skörden minskade vid en ökad utsädesmängd för de båda radavstånden, på en jord som hade sämre vattenhållande förmåga (Lönnstorp). Detta avvikande skörderesultat för Planet kan ha berott på den mycket torra försommaren 2023, då konkurrensen om tillgängligt vatten var större i de tätare bestånden, med högre utsädesmängder än 300 kärnor per m². Den mekaniska ogräsbekämpningen, med blindharvning före uppkomst och selektiv ogräsharvning efter uppkomst, resulterade i en lägre skörd jämfört med om den mekaniska ogräsbekämpningen inte utförts. Detta resultat betyder att plantbeståndets ogräskon-kurrerande förmåga var tillräcklig för att ge en hög skörd av vårkornet, och utan insats av någon ogräsbekämpning utöver två falska såbäddar före sådden och fördröjd sådd med 3-7 dagar. Skördesänkningen, efter den mekaniska ogräsbekämpningen, var lägre vid höga utsädesmängder jämfört med låga. Under 2023, då två extra försöksled med integrerad ogräskontroll genomfördes i vårkornet Planet, med finansiering från SLU Partnerskap Alnarp, så resulterade den kemiska ogräsbekämpningen i en sänkt skörd med ca 9 % och kombinationen av mekanisk och kemisk ogräsbekämpning sänkte skörden med ca 12 %, jämfört med leden där endast plantbeståndet konkurrerade mot fröogräsen. I studien av grödornas ogräsbekämpningseffekt så resulterade ett högre bladyteindex (LAI) hos grödan, genom högre utsädesmängd och bättre rumslig fördelning av utsädet, i en lägre marktäckningsgrad och lägre vikt hos ogräset. När ogräsbekämpningseffekten studerades i försöken under 2022 var den bättre vid 6,25 cm radavstånd jämfört med 12,5 cm radavstånd, vid utsädesmängder över ca 230 kärnor per m² för Planet och ca 300 kärnor per m² för Irina. Vid en mycket låg utsädesmängd, 200 kärnor per m², blev ogräseffekten bättre vid ett radavstånd på 12,5 cm jämfört med 6,25 cm. Vid en mer normal utsädesmängd, på 400 kärnor per m², så var ogräseffekten bättre vid 6,25 cm radavstånd jämfört med 12,5 cm. Vid bedömning av ogrässituationen i försöken har vi tillämpat en avläsningsmetodik där ogrässituationen avläses på markytan i direkt anslutning, och längs försöksparcellerna för att fastställa ogrästrycket på fältet (med eller utan falska såbäddar). Ogrästrycket på markytan mellan försöksrutorna med vårkornet Planet var högt. Ogräsvikten var ca 24 gånger högre (ca 330 g TS/m²) på markytan mellan försöksrutorna jämfört med endast grödans ogräskon-kurrens under 2022. Med denna avläsningsmetodik som är beskriven i Hansson & Ascard (2002) kan man på ett vetenskapligt sätt beskriva hur insatta bekämpningsåtgärder alternativt plantbeståndet hos grödan påverkar ogräset, jämfört med en kontroll. Utan denna metodik får man lätt en skenbar uppfattning om att ogrässituationen på fältet är mycket bra och utan några stora problem med fröogräs. Denna datainsamlingsmetodik är speciellt viktig att tillämpa i ogräsförsök med konkurrenskraftiga huvudgrödor som vårkorn. När vi bedömde proteinhalten i försöken 2022 visade det sig att en ökad skörd, som förväntat, resulterade i en lägre proteinhalt, både i Planet och i Irina. Odlingsåret 2023 med försommar-torka resulterade i ett avvikande resultat för Planet rörande proteinhalt odlad på en jord med en något sämre vattenhållande förmåga. Beroende på ogräsbekämpningsstrategi i Planet så gav en ökad skörd högre proteinhalt alternativt en oförändrad proteinhalt. I försöken var proteinhalten generellt hög under 2022 och 2023 (>12 %), med undantag för Planet under 2022 där proteinhalten var<12 %. I detta fall var skörden högre, ca 5,6 ton/ha i leden med mekanisk ogräsbekämpning (blindharvning och selektiv harvning) och ca 6 ton/ha i leden med enbart grödans och dess plantbestånds ogräskonkurrens. När vi bedömde kväveeffektiviteten (NUE) för vårkornsorterna Irina och Planet låg den generellt på samma nivå, när utsädesmängden ändras från låg till hög, 200 till 600 kärnor per m². Kväveeffektiviteten har dock en tendens till att vara högre vid tätare radavstånd. Tätare radavstånd möjliggör ett ökat plantavstånd i raden, när utsädesmängden är konstant. Det innebär att plantorna har lägre inbördes konkurrens om tillgängligt kväve. I försöken hade kväveeffektiviteten en tendens till att vara något högre när sådd utförs på 6,25 cm, jämfört med 12,5 cm radavstånd. Det vill säga kväveeffektiviteten verkar öka när plantavståndet i raden dubbleras, vid samma utsädesmängd. Vidare blev NUE betydligt lägre när radavståndet ökade från 12,5 cm till 25 cm, troligtvis beroende på en större planttäthet i raden, vid 25 cm, jämfört med 12,5 cm radavstånd.