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Journal articles on the topic '330 Economia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Santos, Carlos Honorato Schuch, Juliano Prado Stradioto, and Celmar Corrêa de Oliveira. "Incentivando a Produtividade e a Qualidade na Construção Civil: um debate de programas." Desenvolvimento em Questão 18, no. 51 (April 24, 2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2020.51.317-330.

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A contribuição potencial da ação dos Programas de Produtividades públicos para o crescimento da economia brasileira tem sido reconhecida. No entanto a realização deste potencial em sua plenitude tem sido uma problemática. Os Programas Produtivos, como o PBQP-H e PROCOMPI, levam as empresas participantes acesso a novos conhecimentos sobre melhorias de processos produtivos e de qualidade, treinamento de mão-de-obra, acesso a novos nichos de atuação, além de facilidade de acesso a financiamentos públicos. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais resultados dos programas (PBQP-H e PROCOMPI) de incentivo a qualidade e a produtividade. São trabalhados os atributos de usabilidade, custos e limitações. São apresentados os trabalhos considerados de maior importância já publicados, de acordo com a ferramenta de revisão sistemática denominado Methodi Ordinatio. No final, se mostrou que os programas podem ser de grande valia, pois podem incentivar a produção e o crescimento econômico. Paralelamente, são programas que podem qualificar e incentivar as pequenas e médias empresas.

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2

Oliveira, Francisca Bezerra de, Maria Rosilene Candido Moreira, Jose Ferreira Lima Júnior, Diego Coelho do Nascimento, Francisco Mário de Sousa Silva, and Jeferson Antunes. "ARTICULAÇÃO DAS POLTÍCAS PÚBLICAS DE SÁUDE MENTAL E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA – INICIATIVAS DE GERAÇÃO DE TRABALHO E RENDA." HOLOS 6 (December 3, 2018): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2018.5233.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o número de inciativas de geração de trabalho/renda e empreendimentos econômicos e solidários para pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, com ênfase na região Nordeste e no estado do Ceará. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio do Cadastro de Inciativas de Inclusão Social pelo Trabalho, da Coordenação Geral de Saúde Mental, Álcool e Outras Drogas/DAPES/SAS/MS, Informativo Eletrônico de Dados sobre a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental – 2015. Constatou-se, de 2005 a 2013, um total de 1.008 experiências de geração de trabalho e renda em todas as regiões do Brasil, a região Nordeste apresentou 330 delas e o estado do Ceará desenvolveu 44 iniciativas. Essas ações são uma nova tecnologia no campo da reabilitação psicossocial e devem ser integradas à rede de atenção à saúde mental dos municípios.

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SAURIN, VALTER, JOSÉ MANUEL JANEIRA VAREJÃO, NEWTON CARNEIRO AFFONSO DA COSTA JR., and WLADEMIR RIBEIRO PRATES. "ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO VIÉS DO STATUS QUO E PERFIL DE RISCO EM TOMADAS DE DECISÕES POR ESTUDANTES DE CURSOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 16, no. 5 (October 2015): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n5p95-126.

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RESUMONo contexto da gestão financeira de uma organização, existem padrões comportamentais que podem enviesar o processo de tomada de decisões, fazendo que o gestor financeiro não consiga atingir seu objetivo de maximização de valor em atividades ligadas às decisões financeiras, principalmente àquelas relacionadas a investimentos. Um desses vieses é denominado de status quo. De acordo com Samuelson e Zeckhauser (1988), esse viés indica que os indivíduos tendem a manter o estado atual de seu portfólio e têm dificuldades em mudar de posição patrimonial. Esta pesquisa procura verificar se existe relação entre o viés do status quo, o perfil de risco e a habilidade quantitativa, em estudantes de pós-graduação em Economia, Contabilidade e Gestão. Para essa finalidade, realizou-se uma pesquisa com 330 estudantes de pós-graduação da Universidade do Porto (Portugal) e da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Para o cálculo e apresentação dos indicadores que apontam para a presença do status quo, a metodologia utilizada foi baseada em Samuelson e Zeckhauser (1988). Além disso, realizaram-se análises de regressão para buscar uma relação entre o perfil de risco dos participantes e o status quo, incluindo variáveis de controle. Os resultados mostraram que os respondentes propensos ao risco parecem não ter sido afetados pelo viés do status quo em suas decisões, diferentemente dos demais. Quanto aos participantes que estudaram finanças comportamentais previamente nos cursos de licenciatura e/ou graduação (uma proxy para o conhecimento prévio do viés estudado), verificou-se, em média, um aumento de respostas nas opções alternativas ao status quo. No entanto, a presença do viés ainda foi predominante no total de respostas obtidas. Isso mostra que os respondentes que haviam estudado finanças comportamentais optaram mais por opções alternativas do que os outros, porém, mesmo esses indivíduos apresentaram o viés do status quo. Dessa forma, enfatiza-se a importância de compreender a influência de vieses comportamentais nas tomadas de decisões, pois eles podem comprometer decisões importantes dentro de uma organização.

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4

Cao, Aini. "Investigation and Analysis of Dunhuang's Economic Issues." BCP Business & Management 15 (December 30, 2021): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v15i.330.

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This paper provides a research of the housing prices and over depending on tourism in Dunhuang and ways to solve the problems. Overall, these results suggest that the government can control the housing prices by increasing the minimum down payment and solve the tourism problem by developing the cultural tourism further or make the city brand.

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Kadiri, Oseni, John Temitope Kolawole, Babatunde Olawoye, and Alasa Paul Kadiri. "Economic Studies on the Production of Fruit Juice from a Locally Sourced Fruit ‘African Star Apple’." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.438-445.547.

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The economic evaluation for the production of fruit juice from the Africa star apple otherwise known as ‘Agbalumo’ in the south western part of Nigeria was evaluated using the NPV (Net Present value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) methods assuming a uniform cash flow over a 10-year plant life. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the number of production days (330, 300 and 250 days) at 100% plant capacity and varying the plant capacity (100, 85 and 70%) for a 330-day production schedule. Some components of the operating cost reduced with number of days and plant capacities. The production cost and product cost per unit increased with either plant capacity utilization or the number of days. It was observed that product cost/ 500ml Tetra Pak of Agbalumo juice at 85% and 70% stood at ₦37.48 while payback time/profitability percent had better index at 300 and 250 days compared to 330 days of plant operation. The results further indicated that the plant should not be operated for less than 250 days and plant capacity utilization of 70% in the year. Flexibility in the plant capacity utilization in the range of 70%-85% for 330 days shows a good economic performance as well as result of the NPV and IRR for this operating condition.

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PANCHENKO, Volodymyr. "METHODICAL BASIS FOR MANAGING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SECTOR OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 310, no. 5(1) (September 29, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-16.

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The article provides a scientific justification of the importance of ensuring and increasing the level of economic security of the business sector, which implies positive and progressive changes in the development of the national economy. It is emphasized that when forming the economic security management system of the business sector, it is necessary to take into account that ensuring economic security includes determining the types and causes of negative impacts on its level. A number of elements of the economic security management system of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy, which form the methodological basis for its formation and improvement, are highlighted. It is proposed to consider the economic security management system of the entrepreneurial sector as the ability of enterprises to effectively carry out economic activities, use resource opportunities, realize economic interests and innovative development potential, ensure competitiveness. As a result, it is proposed to divide the economic security management system of the business sector into subject-object (subjects and objects) and management (functions, goals, directions) levels. An essential characteristic of managing the economic security of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy is the stability and stability of functioning, the presence of “compensatory functioning”, which means the ability to maintain the stability of activity under the conditions of the realization of external and internal threats. It was concluded that the methodological foundations of economic security management of the business sector relate, on the one hand, to the substantiation of the processes of preserving the commercial secret of the enterprise, and on the other hand, to the preparation of enterprises to conduct economic activity under the influence of the external environment and to adapt to it while maintaining a sufficient level of economic efficiency and security.

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Akhtar, Naeem. "C. H. Hanumantha Rao and Hans Linnemann (eds). Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996. 271 pages. Hardbound, Indian Rs 350.00; paperback, Indian Rs 195.00." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.300-303.

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The book under review is an edited collection of eight papers presented at a seminar on “Structural Adjustment and Poverty in India: Policy and Research Issues”, and is Volume 17 in the Indo-Dutch studies on Development Alternatives. The book evaluates the impact of economic reforms on poverty alleviation in India. In the “Introduction”, the editors describe the main theme of the book and propose some policy measures for poverty alleviation in the light of the findings of the papers included in the book. The paper, “Structural Adjustment in India—What about Poverty Alleviation?”, by Pieter A. van Stuijvenberg, evaluates the impact of India’s Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on the poor and suggests some policy corrections to mitigate the adverse effects of this adjustment on the poor. He observes an improvement in the balance-of-payments position and foreign exchange reserves without a simultaneous fall in gross domestic product under the SAP. His major concerns are the large size and composition of fiscal deficits (dominated by revenue deficits). The large size of fiscal deficits, according to van Stuijvenberg, drive up real interest rates and endanger investment-led growth. He observes that social indicators of the social safety net, employment, and rural development programmes have not improved much due to expenditure cuts on rural infrastructural investments. He suggests a reduction in the size and composition of the public sector, elimination of all explicit and implicit subsidies, and discouraging rent-seeking behaviour for a successful implementation of economic reforms.

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Milliman, Scott R., Richard C. Bishop, and Barry L. Johnson. "Economie Analysis of Fishery Rehabilitation Under Biological Uncertainty: A Conceptual Framework and Application." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (December 19, 1987): s289—s297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-330.

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Using the commercial yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fishery of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, as an example, we outline a conceptual framework for estimating economic gains from fishery rehabilitation in the presence of biological uncertainty. Three steps underlie the framework: (a) identifying the key biological uncertainties which hamper forecasts of stock changes induced by rehabilitation efforts; (b) developing plausible "future biotic states" that encompass these uncertainties and their probabilities of occurrence; and (c) estimating the "expected value" of economic gains for commercial fishers from an ongoing rehabilitation plan across these future biotic states. Using this approach, the expected economic gains for commercial fishers from rehabilitation are found to be roughly zero for most plausible scenarios. Since sport gains under this rehabilitation plan are probably substantial, and other economic impacts (regulatory costs and final consumer effects) appear to be small, the analysis suggests that the overall economic gains from the plan are positive.

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9

Sadieva, A. E., and N. T. Tilemishova. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASIS OF BEVERAGE PRODUCTION IN KYRGYZSTAN." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2020 (July 6, 2020): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.2.325-330.

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The article analyzes the production of beverages in the Kyrgyz Republic, including nonalcoholic and national drinks, an econometric analysis of the production of beverages in general, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic, carbonated drinks and natural juices, as well as national drinks. The features of the production of drinks, as well as its impact on the economy of Kyrgyzstan, have been established The development of small and medium business in the Kyrgyz Republic is considered. Possible directions of increasing the production of the national drink "Bozo", including new designs of the main equipment of the lines, are given.

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10

Arsenault, Yves. "Boussard, Jean‐Marc. Economie de l'agriculture . Paris: Economica, 1987, viii + 310 pp., 175 francs." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 2 (May 1988): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242104.

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11

Rashid, S. "The Soul of Modern Economic Man." History of Political Economy 17, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-17-2-330.

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12

Prodanova, N. A., N. S. Plaskova, V. A. Dikikh, L. V. Sotnikova, L. K. Nikandrova, and G. A. Skachko. "Techniques for Assessing the Investment Attractiveness of a Commercial Organization based on Classical Methods of Strategic Economic Analysis." International Journal of Economics and Business Administration VII, Issue 4 (November 1, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/330.

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13

Hernandez-Carrion, Jose Rodolfo. "THE CHALLENGE FOR ECONOMICS FROM THE NEW “DIGITAL” ECONOMY: SHARING AND COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY THROUGH THE “PLATFORMS NEOCAPITALISM” OF THE 21ST CENTURY." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.16.

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The so-called collaborative or sharing economy constitutes a multifaceted concept of increasing relevance and evolving in definition that will constitute the focus of our study. This article is presented methodologically as a macro-synthesis of the main trends of the economy, from its local and global spheres, in the convergence that can be glimpsed from the new phenomenon that we are dealing with of neo-capitalism based essentially on digital platforms and media. Some have already advanced it as turbo-capitalism or capitalism 3.0, in increasing expansion from the analysis of massive data from digital platforms. The resulting greater efficiency of decentralization and heterogeneity can be exploited by communities. We claim the need to support the constitution of public support that can constitute the response of the government to the multiple new challenges posed by what we are calling as “platform neocapitalism”, which dilutes countries in a planetary and accelerated scale, unimaginable at the beginning of the present 21st century. Keywords: sharing economy, digital platforms, collaborative economy

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14

LAGRO, Esra. "CHANGING ECONOMIC TRENDS IN COMPETITION POLICY AND THE NEED FOR AN OPTIMUM COMPETITION POLICY IN CUSTOMS UNION WITH EUROPEAN UNION." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 5, no. 1&2 (2015): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/mjes.330.

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SAVICKIENĖ, Jūratė, and Astrida MICEIKIENĖ. "Sustainable economic development assessment model for family farms." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 12 (December 12, 2018): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/310/2017-agricecon.

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This article is aimed to address the issue of sustainable economic development assessment in family farms. A complex methodology of family farm sustainable economic development assessment based on the family farm sustainable economic development index has been created following analysis of family farm sustainable economic development assessment methodologies, which are proposed by scientists and used in practice. The Kruskal-Wallis test and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to check the relevance of the index in family farm sustainable economic development assessment. The index value range was calculated using descriptive statistics. The characteristics of the index allow creating models for family farm sustainable economic development classification types based on k-means clustering. The family farms were classified into nine types. Examples of Lithuanian family farms were provided to demonstrate practical applications of the index. Furthermore, analysis of Lithuanian family farm sustainable economic development types by specialisation enabled to identify the main reasons for the existing situation in the farms.

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Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. "The Bases of Development Policy (Presidential Address)." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4I (December 1, 1995): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4ipp.321-330.

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Development economics seeks to isolate the elemental forces at work in developing countries that raise per capita income, initially and then continuously, by exploiting fully the inter-industry and inter-sectoral network of economies of scale, externalities, and complementarities; it also analyses the key factors that decide a fair distribution of the fruits of economic progress, and those which enhance human happiness more directly. The process of economic development is seen as complex, even mysterious; which must be tackled by conscious planning where coordination failures are threatening, and through the market mechanism if information problems are daunting. Yet a persistent theme in economic literature has been one of denial of the (marginal) utility of development economics. Essentially, most of these “arguments” against development economics are nothing more than a thinly disguised championing of the ideology of free-market capitalism and neo-classical economics as the ultimate truths about the economic universe [Heilbroner (1990)]. They are a frame of thought into which development economics would not fit “naturally”. As one would expect, these views about development economics have not gone unchallenged. But the main issue is far from settled. I, therefore, restate here the case for development economics to make sure that development policy is saved from the revages of an incompatible liberalist philosophy. I would concentrate on issues related to the acknowledged mainsprings of economic progress, and those related to the relationship between trade and growth and the interface of the government and the market. Finally, I would like to emphasise the need to acquire an overarching ethical vision in order to identify the ends of economic progress and to order the means to achieve them.

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Tarasova, Svetlana Borisovna. "PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Economy. Business. Computer science, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.19075/2500-2074-2016-3-300-310.

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18

Guseva, S., and L. Petrichenko. "Choice of the Optimum Cross-Sections for 20–110–330 kV Overhead Lines Under Market Conditions / 20–110–330 Kv Gaisvadu Līniju Optimālo Šķērsgriezumu Izvēle Tirgus Apstākļos." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 49, no. 6-I (December 1, 2012): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-012-0031-3.

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Abstract Approach is proposed to the choice of overhead line cross-sections that would be optimal under market conditions. For this purpose, in the design practice and at network reconstruction two methods exist: of the economic current density, and of the economic intervals. As of now, none of them works properly, since the cost of electrical materials, of building and construction as well as the total investments in a line are determined by the market prices. Therefore, a modified economic intervals’ method has been developed that can work under market conditions. The method allows also considering the discrete character of standard cross-sections for the lines and concrete technical and technically-economic parameters. For practical application of the proposed method, universal economic nomograms for 20-110-330 kV overhead lines have been calculated and constructed. In the paper, a user interface is proposed for realization of the modified method in Matlab environment.

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Kolesnikov, A. V., I. V. Kirsanova, M. M. Averina, and T. D. Grishina. "Results of treatment of penetrating wounds of the eyeball." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-3-330-332.

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Actuality. Trauma of the organ of vision still has been one of the most frequent causes of disability due to visual disorders leading to blindness, which determines the high socio-economic significance of this problem. In the structure of eye trauma, penetrating wounds make up from 67 to 84%. Timely and fully performed primary surgical treatment in combination with modern vitreoretinal surgery, according to indications, allows preserving the eyeball and even obtaining good functional results. Purpose. The aim of this work is to analyze the structure and outcomes of penetrating eye injuries in patients treated at the N.A. Semashko for 2015-2020. Material and methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with penetrating wounds for 2015-2020. For five years in the regional clinical hospital named after N.A. Semashko, Ryazan, 142 patients aged 19 to 82 were hospitalized. Results. In the first hours after admission primary surgical debridement was done to 100% of patients. Also all patients were immediately started systemic and local detoxification and antibiotic therapy. Against the background of the treatment, the inflammatory process was arrested in 95.8% of patients, the average hospital stay was 6.8±2.5 days. An improvement in visual functions was observed in 52.1% of cases (74 eyes), visual acuity remained the same in 47 eyes (33.1%), and deterioration, up to complete loss of vision, in 21 eyes (14.8%). Conclusion. The results of the treatment of penetrating wounds depend both on the time and amount of care provided, and on the patient's age, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases, on the localization of the inlet, on the depth of penetration of a foreign body, and on many other factors. Key words: penetrating wound, vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, intraocular foreign body.

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Khrustaleva, S. P., O. O. Shendrikova, K. S. Krivyakin, and M. S. Lutsenko. "Mechanism of support of acceptance of a strategic choice of priorities of development of the enterprise based on the use of methods of analytics of multifactor information array." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-320-330.

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The digitalization process of the modern economic system tightens the conditions for the functioning of enterprises. Domestic enterprises operate under severe restrictions on time, organizational and financial resources. Organizations are urgently faced with the need to increase the number of opportunities for developing key business processes in a strategic perspective. It is necessary to develop tools to support the adoption of a strategic choice of development priorities based on the use of analytic methods of a multifactorial information array aimed at creating an information data array that provides a single vector of strategic development of an enterprise (PJSC NII PM). The final informational array for determining the strategic development vector of the enterprise is primarily focused on the implementation of the strategy under resource constraints and target key performance indicators. In the course of consistent identification and formulation of the main goals through the definition of goals of a lower order, a hierarchical target system of development strategy is created. The phased digitalization of the domestic economy forms a tendency to increase the demand in the product markets for unique and technologically sophisticated products, which determines a significant number of possible directions for the strategic development of the enterprise. The recommended mechanism for supporting the adoption of a strategic choice of enterprise development priorities contains a number of measures aimed at achieving sustainable development. Formed array of priorities allows you to achieve the goals of forming the optimal integrated development strategy of the enterprise. Implementation of development directions is carried out through the formation and implementation of a development program that allows us to assess the required time intervals for achieving strategic development goals, sources of financial and resource support for the enterprise.

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Tkachenko, Olena, and Iryna Kulaga. "SOCIAL CAPITAL AND TRUST IN GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 33, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3308.

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The approaches to determining the nature of social capital and trust as its basis are systematized, forms of manifestation of the functioning of trust and social capital at different levels are considered, and the role of trust in the formation of social capital in the system of the global economy is explored.

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Попов, Григорий. "Союзники нацистской Германии и разрушение единства «Оси»: страницы экономической истории Второй мировой войны." Историко-экономические исследования 18, no. 2 (2017): 330–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2017.18(2).330-356.

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Hart, R. S. "CANDU 300: The economic small reactor." Nuclear Engineering and Design 109, no. 1-2 (September 1988): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(88)90140-9.

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Polyakova, Nina, Vladimir Polyakov, Vladimir Kryazhev, and Alena Kryazheva. "Private Enforcement Services - a Preventive or a Criminogenic Factor for Economic Crimes (a Socio-Economic and Legal Analysis)." Russian Journal of Criminology 12, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(3).330-337.

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Private enforcement as a mechanism of protecting property rights and contract obligations consists in the use of coercion and is a paid service. Private enforcement is provided by security services entrepreneurs, who use and adapt different practices. These services should be studied from different perspectives, including legal, economic and sociological ones. The authors explain why it is necessary to examine enforcement as a mechanism of forcing to fulfill obligations while taking into account its institutional essence. In this respect, enforcement is a mechanism that ensures that institutions fulfill their roles. Within institutional framework, sustainable relationships between subjects are only possible if the rules of the game are clearly defined or if the limitations have been set. Enforcement through coercion makes the subjects fulfill their obligations determined by formal or informal rules of the game. At the same time, in a developed society the services of enforcement have institutional characteristics because they are themselves based on both formal rules of interaction (for example, an agreement) and informal ones arising from traditional culture and practices. The authors single out and describe four types of enforcement. The first one is self-enforcement; it is present between the contractors who are interested in observing the conditions of the contract. The second one is group enforcement; it is used by entrepreneurs associations or self-regulating organizations when a party fails to observe its obligations, in which case the violator is subject to various sanctions (expulsion from an organization, reputational los-ses, etc.). The third type is state enforcement; it is implemented through the state legal system. The fourth type is private enforcement; such services are carried out by special structures or private persons. The authors also identify the specific features of the development of private enforcement in Russia. These services could be effective or fictitious; they could contain the elements of overt or covert coercion. The coercion measures used to force the violator to fulfill the obligations could be different - legal, economic, non-economic, etc. Under certain circumstances private enforcement could be an instrument of criminal groups. When researching the problems of private enforcement from criminological standpoint, it is important to determine the causes and conditions that contribute to unlawful actions.

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SATAKE, Gen-ichiro. "An economic analysis on robot." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 3, no. 1 (1985): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.3.30.

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MATSUMOTO, Norio, and Hideo SHIOHARA. "Economic Effect of Fukuoka Airport." Input-Output Analysis 3, no. 3 (1992): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.3.30.

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Štiková, Radka. "Models of political cycles: the czech experience." Prague Economic Papers 17, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.330.

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Beine, Michel, Jérôme Lahaye, Sébastien Laurent, Christopher J. Neely, and Franz C. Palm. "Central bank intervention and exchange rate volatility, its continuous and jump components." International Journal of Finance & Economics 12, no. 2 (2007): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.330.

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Buasri, Achanai, and Vorrada Loryuenyong. "Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Packed Bed Reactor with BaCl2 Impregnated CaO as Catalyst." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 13, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1585.320-330.

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The goal of this research was to test barium chloride (BaCl2) impregnated calcined razor clam shell as a solid catalyst for transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) in a packed bed reactor (PBR). The waste razor clam shells were crushed, ground, and calcined at 900 °C in a furnace for 2 h to derive calcium oxide (CaO) particles. Subsequently, the calcined shells were impregnated with BaCl2 by wet impregnation method and recalcined at 300 °C for 2 h. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and basic strength measurements. The effects of various parameters such as residence time, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst bed length on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were determined. The BaCl2/CaO catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity and stability than CaO catalyst influenced by the basicity of the doped catalyst. The maximum fatty acid methyl ester yield was 98.7 % under optimum conditions (residence time 2.0 h, reaction temperature 60 °C, methanol/oil molar ratio 12:1, and catalyst bed length 200 mm). After 6 consecutive reactions without any treatment, fatty acid methyl ester yield reduced to 83.1 %. The option of using waste razor clam shell for the production of transesterification catalysts could have economic benefits to the aquaculture and food industries. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved.Received: 4th October 2017; Revised: 22nd January 2018; Accepted: 25th January 2018; Available online: 11st June 2018; Published regularly: 1st August 2018How to Cite: Buasri, A., Loryuenyong, V. (2018). Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed Oil Using a Packed Bed Reactor with BaCl2 Impregnated CaO as Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (2): 320-330 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1585.320-330)

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Kyrylenko, Volodymyr, and Andrii Kotenok. "SECURITY ASPECT OF STRATEGIZING NATIONAL ECONOMY." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 33, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3309.

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The article substantiates the objective necessity for introducing strategizing to ensure the effectiveness of structural reform of the national economy. The main characteristics of strategizing, which are hypothetically capable of providing the prerequisites for effective structural changes in the national economy, are identified A list of basic tasks has been given, the solution of these tasks should provide the mechanism for strategizing the structural reform of the national economy. The approaches to improving the use of strategizing in achieving structural policy goals are suggested. It has been found that when new directions of development emerge and form, globalization creates unfavorable conditions for the economic security of the state. The current state of economic development makes it necessary to take into account these challenges in order to ensure stable development and competitiveness of the national economy of Ukraine. The internal and external threats that cause insufficient stability of the economy and results in a decrease in the economic security of our state are characterized. The most important national economic interests are presented the realization of which may lead to well-being and prosperity of the nation.Some ways of improving the economic security policy have been proposed.

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Wymer, Walter, Donald Self, and Carolyn Sara Casey Findley. "Sensation seekers and civic participation: exploring the influence of sensation seeking and gender on intention to lead and volunteer." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 13, no. 4 (September 11, 2007): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.330.

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Krajewski, Stefan. "Assessment of Poland's Economic Policy During te Crisis." Olsztyn Economic Journal 8, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3230.

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The rapid weakening of economic activity, covering most states in the world, gives rise to a lively discussion on the choice of methods to tackle the crisis, the legitimacy and effectiveness of various economic policies, the role of the state and the scope of its intervention in the economy. The paper evaluates the Polish economic policy in recent years. This refers to the situation prevailing in the EU and the USA. I conclude that the Polish economy during the crisis remained relatively stable, without having to provide the emergency aid from the outside. The development of such a situation has been affected by different reasons, including: - The benefits of the so-called "backwardness rent", which resulted, among others, in the inflow of EU funds (Poland was in 2007-2013 and in will be in 2014-2020 the biggest beneficiary of the EU budget); - The effects of decisions on changes in the tax and social security, taken for political reasons (before the crisis); - The controversial withdrawal from the funded pension system, reducing the budget deficit and public debt; - The prudent monetary policy and anti-inflation policy pursued over many years. Actions taken in Poland are primarily focused on reducing costs, which differs quite significantly from the economic policy dominant in the U.S. and the "old" EU countries which generally pursue expansionary fiscal policy and a policy of cheap money. Polish solution facilitates the achievement of short-term fiscal sustainability, but does not create favorable conditions for the development in the long-term (insufficient investment, petrification of economic structure, lack of innovation).

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Restrepo, Jorge E. "Reglas monetarias en una economía pequeña y abierta." Ensayos sobre Política Económica, no. 33 (June 1998): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/espe.3302.

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Caraballo, Mª Ángeles, Carlos Dabús, and Fernando Delbianco. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth Revisited. A Note." Journal of International Development 29, no. 7 (August 18, 2017): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3300.

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35

Niño Ramírez, Fabián Hernando, and Vladimir Osorio Isaza. "Editorial: inteligencia estratégica como proceso y producto." Perspectivas en Inteligencia 14, no. 23 (December 9, 2022): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47961/2145194x.330.

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La revista “Perspectivas en Inteligencia” llega a su volumen 14 (número 23), ofreciendo a la comunidad académica y científica la selección de trece artículos en inteligencia y contrainteligencia, economía, historia, filosofía, administración, finanzas y desarrollo tecnológico. Se resaltan varios trabajos por la utilización de técnicas estadísticas y herramientas para análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos, propios de la analítica de datos, como machine learning, inteligencia artificial y text mining. Los trabajos de investigación de este número de la revista son el producto por excelencia de la inteligencia estratégica, pues como argumenta José Gabriel Paz, La inteligencia estratégica es analítica, provee resultados y hallazgos fundamentados en el método científico y tiene básicamente dos grandes áreas: La inteligencia estratégica nacional y la inteligencia estratégica militar. La inteligencia estratégica nacional es conocimiento procesado y especializado utilizado en la toma de decisiones político-estratégicas, al tiempo que la inteligencia estratégica militar estudia el poder militar de los considerados enemigos o amenazas, es el conocimiento especializado que conduce la estrategia militar (UDGV, 2018). Ampliando el concepto, el Gobierno español aduce, además, que la inteligencia estratégica es el conocimiento que deben poseer los civiles y militares para formulación de políticas de defensa, de planes de conducción de operaciones a nivel estratégico y de competitividad empresarial (Díaz Fernández, 2017, p.167). Todo esto tiene aplicación por la rapidez en que las amenazas mutan, y es desde la comunidad científica y de Inteligencia Estratégica que se deben construir perspectivas innovadoras desde las que entes públicos o privados anticipen los cursos de acción a tomar ante una situación específica (Pirateque P. y Osorio I, 2021, p. 37).

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Chaykovskaya, L. N., O. M. Pasynkova, and Y. N. Duvanova. "Assessment of personal economic security in the Voronezh region." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-4-330-338.

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The economic security of the individual is an important structural component of the economic security of the region and the state as a whole. In this regard, the issues related to the assessment of the level of economic security of the individual are brought up to date. The article outlines the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security. Based on the key human needs, six blocks of indicators have been singled out: food security, housing security, demographic potential and health care, financial security of the individual, the level of labour stability, education and spiritual enlightenment. Within each block quantitative criteria are selected to assess personal economic security in the given sphere. When calculating the integral indicator of personal economic security, it is recommended to take into account the significance of the selected blocks. The significance of the blocks may differ by region and is determined using expert methods. The proposed approach was tested in the assessment of personal economic security in the Voronezh region. The source data for the calculation was official statistical information for the Voronezh region. Defining the outline of personal economic security allows us to highlight problem areas that require special attention when ensuring the region's economic security. The calculations carried out allow us to conclude that the area that requires special attention when ensuring economic security of the Voronezh region is "demographic potential and health care". The calculated integral index of personal economic security of the population of Voronezh region allows us to state that the level of personal economic security in the region is higher than the average for the subjects of the Russian Federation and is at a favorable level. Thus, the proposed methodology for assessing the level of economic security of individuals, allows the regions to see the potential threats in the selected blocks of personal economic security and to provide for measures to neutralise them.

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Salman, S., Faik N. Oktar, Oguzhan Gunduz, Simeon Agathopoulos, M. Lutfy Öveçoğlu, and E. S. Kayali. "Sintering Effect on Mechanical Properties of Composites Made of Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) and Commercial Inert Glass (CIG)." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.189.

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Composite biomaterials of calcinated bovine bone derived hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with 5 and 10 wt% commercial inert glass (CIG) were prepared by sintering. The production of HA from natural sources satisfies economic and time-saving aims, while the use of CIGs is directed by economic and ecological aspects. The produced composites were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Measurements of compression strength, microhardness, and density were also carried out. The experimental results and their discussion showed that the type and the composition of incorporated glass are of crucial importance. Consequently, provided that an optimum amount of glass is incorporated, the resultant materials can exhibit good values of compression strength and microhardness and hence they can be suggested for potential use in load-bearing biomedical applications.

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38

Ntsimane, Radikobo. "PLACES HAVE MEANING: THREE STREETS, THREE HOURS AND THREE STORIES OF SURVIVAL IN ONE CITY." Oral History Journal of South Africa 3, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/330.

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The socio-economic conditions in South Africa have forced new identities and new responsibilities on individuals who migrate to urban centres in the hope of finding a decent livelihood. Broken family structures, unemployment, poverty, divorce and teenage pregnancy are some of the circumstances that drove three interviewees to form relationships with certain spots on the streets of the city of Pietermaritzburg in order to eke out a living. This article looks at the conditions that brought three interviewees to the city and the streets, and transformed them to adopt new â€˜familiesâ€™ and identify with geographical location for survival. While keeping some ties with their biological relatives, the three interviewees are largely de-traditionalised and find meaning from the streets through innovative and sometimes banal means such as begging and commercial sex work.

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39

Sykianakis, Nikos, and Athanasios Bellas. "Organization Politics and the Role of Accounting." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XIV, Issue 3 (November 1, 2011): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/330.

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40

GEVKO, Volodymyr. "IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSTANTIVE CHARACTERISTICS THE LOGISTICS STRATEGY ENTERPRISES AT NETWORK STRUCTURES IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 (December 3, 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6-8.

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The formation of a logistic strategy in the mechanism of economical security in our time is not surrounded by the same functions of enterprises of fancy structures, but rather all aspects and processes of the system and the establishment of the previous variability. The article conducts a comprehensive study of conceptual essence the logistics strategy of enterprises at network structures in the context of economic security. The types of logistics strategies are substantiated, and also the model of realization this strategy in the context of maintenance economic safety is offered. It is proposed to consider logistics strategies as a determining factor in the economic security of business structures. An algorithm for the implementation of logistics strategy in the system of economic security of enterprises at network structures is formed.

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Bohnet, Armin, and Michael Reichhardt. "Der Beitrag der Transaktionskostenökonomik zu einer Theorie der Transformation von Wirtschaftsordnungen/The Contribution of Transaction Cost Economics to a Theory of Economic Transformation." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 212, no. 3-4 (May 15, 1993): 204–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-1993-4-303.

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ALEKSANDROVA, ARIADNA, YURI TRUNTSEVSKY, and MARINA POLUTOVA. "Digitalization and its impact on economic growth." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 42, no. 2 (April 2022): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3306.

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ABSTRACT Digitalization transforms the traditional concepts of economic growth and competitiveness. This article studies the effect of digitalization on Russia’s economic growth. As indicators measuring the impact of digitalization processes on economic growth, the study used the Gross Domestic Product per capita, the Global Competitiveness Index, the Index of Digital Life, the Digital Adoption Index, and the Resilience Index. Their in-depth examination based on a three-pronged model showed that the state of the macroenvironment and the readiness of the population for digital transformation do not allow digital technologies to affect the economic growth rate seriously.

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Терехова, Татьяна, and Елена Трофимова. "SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY." Известия Иркутской Государственной Экономической Академии 25, no. 2 (2015): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1993-3541.2015.25(2).330-335.

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Kumar, Janmejay, Dinesh Kumar, and Nikky Kumari. "Economic analysis of production and export performance of litchi in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 9, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/9.2/325-330.

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Strow, Brian Kent, and Claudia Wood Strow. "A Rent-Seeking Experiment for the Classroom." Journal of Economic Education 37, no. 3 (July 2006): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jece.37.3.323-330.

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Jones, Clifton T., and Mark A. Thompson. "The Short-Run Expansion Path for the Firm." Journal of Economic Education 38, no. 3 (July 2007): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jece.38.3.325-330.

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Saros, Daniel E. "Teaching Undergraduate Money and Banking: T-Bill Auctions and Stock Market Models." Journal of Economic Education 40, no. 3 (July 2009): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jece.40.3.315-330.

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Xie, Le, Meng Wu, and P. R. Kumar. "Architecture and Economics for Grid Operations 3.0." Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems 2, no. 3 (2018): 198–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/3100000007.

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Ubel, Peter A., David A. Comerford, and Eric Johnson. "Healthcare.gov 3.0 — Behavioral Economics and Insurance Exchanges." New England Journal of Medicine 372, no. 8 (February 19, 2015): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1414771.

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Ubel, Peter A., David A. Comerford, and Eric Johnson. "Healthcare.gov 3.0 — Behavioral Economics and Insurance Exchanges." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 70, no. 6 (June 2015): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000466882.67743.cc.

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