Academic literature on the topic '330 Economia'
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Journal articles on the topic "330 Economia"
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Santos, Carlos Honorato Schuch, Juliano Prado Stradioto, and Celmar Corrêa de Oliveira. "Incentivando a Produtividade e a Qualidade na Construção Civil: um debate de programas." Desenvolvimento em Questão 18, no. 51 (April 24, 2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2020.51.317-330.
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A contribuição potencial da ação dos Programas de Produtividades públicos para o crescimento da economia brasileira tem sido reconhecida. No entanto a realização deste potencial em sua plenitude tem sido uma problemática. Os Programas Produtivos, como o PBQP-H e PROCOMPI, levam as empresas participantes acesso a novos conhecimentos sobre melhorias de processos produtivos e de qualidade, treinamento de mão-de-obra, acesso a novos nichos de atuação, além de facilidade de acesso a financiamentos públicos. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais resultados dos programas (PBQP-H e PROCOMPI) de incentivo a qualidade e a produtividade. São trabalhados os atributos de usabilidade, custos e limitações. São apresentados os trabalhos considerados de maior importância já publicados, de acordo com a ferramenta de revisão sistemática denominado Methodi Ordinatio. No final, se mostrou que os programas podem ser de grande valia, pois podem incentivar a produção e o crescimento econômico. Paralelamente, são programas que podem qualificar e incentivar as pequenas e médias empresas.
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Oliveira, Francisca Bezerra de, Maria Rosilene Candido Moreira, Jose Ferreira Lima Júnior, Diego Coelho do Nascimento, Francisco Mário de Sousa Silva, and Jeferson Antunes. "ARTICULAÇÃO DAS POLTÍCAS PÚBLICAS DE SÁUDE MENTAL E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA – INICIATIVAS DE GERAÇÃO DE TRABALHO E RENDA." HOLOS 6 (December 3, 2018): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2018.5233.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o número de inciativas de geração de trabalho/renda e empreendimentos econômicos e solidários para pessoas em sofrimento psíquico, com ênfase na região Nordeste e no estado do Ceará. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio do Cadastro de Inciativas de Inclusão Social pelo Trabalho, da Coordenação Geral de Saúde Mental, Álcool e Outras Drogas/DAPES/SAS/MS, Informativo Eletrônico de Dados sobre a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental – 2015. Constatou-se, de 2005 a 2013, um total de 1.008 experiências de geração de trabalho e renda em todas as regiões do Brasil, a região Nordeste apresentou 330 delas e o estado do Ceará desenvolveu 44 iniciativas. Essas ações são uma nova tecnologia no campo da reabilitação psicossocial e devem ser integradas à rede de atenção à saúde mental dos municípios.
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SAURIN, VALTER, JOSÉ MANUEL JANEIRA VAREJÃO, NEWTON CARNEIRO AFFONSO DA COSTA JR., and WLADEMIR RIBEIRO PRATES. "ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO VIÉS DO STATUS QUO E PERFIL DE RISCO EM TOMADAS DE DECISÕES POR ESTUDANTES DE CURSOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 16, no. 5 (October 2015): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712015/administracao.v16n5p95-126.
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RESUMONo contexto da gestão financeira de uma organização, existem padrões comportamentais que podem enviesar o processo de tomada de decisões, fazendo que o gestor financeiro não consiga atingir seu objetivo de maximização de valor em atividades ligadas às decisões financeiras, principalmente àquelas relacionadas a investimentos. Um desses vieses é denominado de status quo. De acordo com Samuelson e Zeckhauser (1988), esse viés indica que os indivíduos tendem a manter o estado atual de seu portfólio e têm dificuldades em mudar de posição patrimonial. Esta pesquisa procura verificar se existe relação entre o viés do status quo, o perfil de risco e a habilidade quantitativa, em estudantes de pós-graduação em Economia, Contabilidade e Gestão. Para essa finalidade, realizou-se uma pesquisa com 330 estudantes de pós-graduação da Universidade do Porto (Portugal) e da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Para o cálculo e apresentação dos indicadores que apontam para a presença do status quo, a metodologia utilizada foi baseada em Samuelson e Zeckhauser (1988). Além disso, realizaram-se análises de regressão para buscar uma relação entre o perfil de risco dos participantes e o status quo, incluindo variáveis de controle. Os resultados mostraram que os respondentes propensos ao risco parecem não ter sido afetados pelo viés do status quo em suas decisões, diferentemente dos demais. Quanto aos participantes que estudaram finanças comportamentais previamente nos cursos de licenciatura e/ou graduação (uma proxy para o conhecimento prévio do viés estudado), verificou-se, em média, um aumento de respostas nas opções alternativas ao status quo. No entanto, a presença do viés ainda foi predominante no total de respostas obtidas. Isso mostra que os respondentes que haviam estudado finanças comportamentais optaram mais por opções alternativas do que os outros, porém, mesmo esses indivíduos apresentaram o viés do status quo. Dessa forma, enfatiza-se a importância de compreender a influência de vieses comportamentais nas tomadas de decisões, pois eles podem comprometer decisões importantes dentro de uma organização.
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Cao, Aini. "Investigation and Analysis of Dunhuang's Economic Issues." BCP Business & Management 15 (December 30, 2021): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v15i.330.
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This paper provides a research of the housing prices and over depending on tourism in Dunhuang and ways to solve the problems. Overall, these results suggest that the government can control the housing prices by increasing the minimum down payment and solve the tourism problem by developing the cultural tourism further or make the city brand.
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Kadiri, Oseni, John Temitope Kolawole, Babatunde Olawoye, and Alasa Paul Kadiri. "Economic Studies on the Production of Fruit Juice from a Locally Sourced Fruit ‘African Star Apple’." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i6.438-445.547.
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The economic evaluation for the production of fruit juice from the Africa star apple otherwise known as ‘Agbalumo’ in the south western part of Nigeria was evaluated using the NPV (Net Present value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) methods assuming a uniform cash flow over a 10-year plant life. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the number of production days (330, 300 and 250 days) at 100% plant capacity and varying the plant capacity (100, 85 and 70%) for a 330-day production schedule. Some components of the operating cost reduced with number of days and plant capacities. The production cost and product cost per unit increased with either plant capacity utilization or the number of days. It was observed that product cost/ 500ml Tetra Pak of Agbalumo juice at 85% and 70% stood at ₦37.48 while payback time/profitability percent had better index at 300 and 250 days compared to 330 days of plant operation. The results further indicated that the plant should not be operated for less than 250 days and plant capacity utilization of 70% in the year. Flexibility in the plant capacity utilization in the range of 70%-85% for 330 days shows a good economic performance as well as result of the NPV and IRR for this operating condition.
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PANCHENKO, Volodymyr. "METHODICAL BASIS FOR MANAGING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SECTOR OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 310, no. 5(1) (September 29, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-16.
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The article provides a scientific justification of the importance of ensuring and increasing the level of economic security of the business sector, which implies positive and progressive changes in the development of the national economy. It is emphasized that when forming the economic security management system of the business sector, it is necessary to take into account that ensuring economic security includes determining the types and causes of negative impacts on its level. A number of elements of the economic security management system of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy, which form the methodological basis for its formation and improvement, are highlighted. It is proposed to consider the economic security management system of the entrepreneurial sector as the ability of enterprises to effectively carry out economic activities, use resource opportunities, realize economic interests and innovative development potential, ensure competitiveness. As a result, it is proposed to divide the economic security management system of the business sector into subject-object (subjects and objects) and management (functions, goals, directions) levels. An essential characteristic of managing the economic security of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy is the stability and stability of functioning, the presence of “compensatory functioning”, which means the ability to maintain the stability of activity under the conditions of the realization of external and internal threats. It was concluded that the methodological foundations of economic security management of the business sector relate, on the one hand, to the substantiation of the processes of preserving the commercial secret of the enterprise, and on the other hand, to the preparation of enterprises to conduct economic activity under the influence of the external environment and to adapt to it while maintaining a sufficient level of economic efficiency and security.
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Akhtar, Naeem. "C. H. Hanumantha Rao and Hans Linnemann (eds). Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996. 271 pages. Hardbound, Indian Rs 350.00; paperback, Indian Rs 195.00." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.300-303.
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The book under review is an edited collection of eight papers presented at a seminar on “Structural Adjustment and Poverty in India: Policy and Research Issues”, and is Volume 17 in the Indo-Dutch studies on Development Alternatives. The book evaluates the impact of economic reforms on poverty alleviation in India. In the “Introduction”, the editors describe the main theme of the book and propose some policy measures for poverty alleviation in the light of the findings of the papers included in the book. The paper, “Structural Adjustment in India—What about Poverty Alleviation?”, by Pieter A. van Stuijvenberg, evaluates the impact of India’s Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on the poor and suggests some policy corrections to mitigate the adverse effects of this adjustment on the poor. He observes an improvement in the balance-of-payments position and foreign exchange reserves without a simultaneous fall in gross domestic product under the SAP. His major concerns are the large size and composition of fiscal deficits (dominated by revenue deficits). The large size of fiscal deficits, according to van Stuijvenberg, drive up real interest rates and endanger investment-led growth. He observes that social indicators of the social safety net, employment, and rural development programmes have not improved much due to expenditure cuts on rural infrastructural investments. He suggests a reduction in the size and composition of the public sector, elimination of all explicit and implicit subsidies, and discouraging rent-seeking behaviour for a successful implementation of economic reforms.
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Milliman, Scott R., Richard C. Bishop, and Barry L. Johnson. "Economie Analysis of Fishery Rehabilitation Under Biological Uncertainty: A Conceptual Framework and Application." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (December 19, 1987): s289—s297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-330.
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Using the commercial yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fishery of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, as an example, we outline a conceptual framework for estimating economic gains from fishery rehabilitation in the presence of biological uncertainty. Three steps underlie the framework: (a) identifying the key biological uncertainties which hamper forecasts of stock changes induced by rehabilitation efforts; (b) developing plausible "future biotic states" that encompass these uncertainties and their probabilities of occurrence; and (c) estimating the "expected value" of economic gains for commercial fishers from an ongoing rehabilitation plan across these future biotic states. Using this approach, the expected economic gains for commercial fishers from rehabilitation are found to be roughly zero for most plausible scenarios. Since sport gains under this rehabilitation plan are probably substantial, and other economic impacts (regulatory costs and final consumer effects) appear to be small, the analysis suggests that the overall economic gains from the plan are positive.
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Sadieva, A. E., and N. T. Tilemishova. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASIS OF BEVERAGE PRODUCTION IN KYRGYZSTAN." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2020 (July 6, 2020): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.2.325-330.
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The article analyzes the production of beverages in the Kyrgyz Republic, including nonalcoholic and national drinks, an econometric analysis of the production of beverages in general, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic, carbonated drinks and natural juices, as well as national drinks. The features of the production of drinks, as well as its impact on the economy of Kyrgyzstan, have been established The development of small and medium business in the Kyrgyz Republic is considered. Possible directions of increasing the production of the national drink "Bozo", including new designs of the main equipment of the lines, are given.
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Arsenault, Yves. "Boussard, Jean‐Marc. Economie de l'agriculture . Paris: Economica, 1987, viii + 310 pp., 175 francs." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 2 (May 1988): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242104.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "330 Economia"
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ALVES, Luiz Batista. "Análise da Sustentabilidade Ambiental em Estabelecimentos Agrícolas em Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/330.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-18In this work are presented and discussed other forms of studies related to analysis of environmental sustainability with the use of methods that permit the human environment to demonstrate its environmental impacts on rural properties in the town of Silvânia, State of Goiás. The choice of the municipality of Silvânia occurred because of present permanent preservation areas susceptible to exploitation by various activities in the city, allowing checking the environmental sustainability in land reform settlements in comparison with other rural property. The Project for Sustainable Development (PDS), established in 1999 comes meet the new brazilian environmental laws, seeking the durability and perpetuity of the settlements (family farm) in order to provide less environmental impact. On the other hand, has been observed that in large farms (agricultural employer) occurs deforestation to expand the area explored, giving rise to a particular crop, in seeking increases in production. Studies have shown the link between deforestation and biodiversity conservation consequences that hinder sustainable development. Still, the methodology of the indices applied to the settlement of São Sebastião da Garganta and João de Deus, the results showed considerable levels of sustainability. Analyzing the settlements in comparison with the Farm Silvânia through satellite images, it appears that the agrarian reform, there were minor differences of deforestation between periods and a greater difference occurred in the Farm Silvânia as favoring extensive livestock farming. But we can not say that the settlements have a higher level of environmental sustainability, where by means of observation of annual averages, there are almost identical proportions of deforestation, and that the settlements, deforestation occurred in a more fragmented than in Farm Silvânia and may cause a greater reduction of species in the environment, reducing the potential for environmental sustainability. Finally, the results may serve as guidance in formulating environmental policy to keep families in agrarian reform settlements, contributing to sustainable development of rural properties in the region, coupled with supervision to allow continuity in the production process in a sustainable manner.
Neste trabalho são apresentadas e discutidas outras formas de estudos relacionados à análise de sustentabilidade ambiental com a utilização de métodos que permitem observar o meio antrópico para demonstrar seus impactos ambientais em propriedades rurais no município de Silvânia, Estado de Goiás. A escolha do município de Silvânia se deu em razão de apresentar áreas de preservação permanente suscetíveis à exploração por variadas atividades no município, possibilitando verificar a sustentabilidade ambiental em assentamentos de reforma agrária em comparação com outra propriedade rural. O Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS), implantado em 1999 vem atender as novas legislações ambientais brasileiras, buscando a durabilidade e a perpetuidade dos assentamentos (da agricultura familiar) com o propósito de proporcionar menor impacto ambiental. Por outro lado, tem se observado que nas grandes propriedades rurais (da agricultura patronal) ocorrem desmatamentos para a expansão da área explorada, dando lugar à determinada monocultura, na busca de aumentos na produção. Estudos têm apontado a relação entre desmatamento e consequências à conservação da biodiversidade que impedem o desenvolvimento sustentável. Ainda, pela metodologia dos índices, aplicados aos assentamentos São Sebastião da Garganta e João de Deus, os resultados demonstraram níveis de sustentabilidade consideráveis. Analisando os assentamentos em comparação com a Fazenda Silvânia, por meio de imagens de satélite, conclui-se que nos assentamentos de reforma agrária, constataram-se diferenças menores de desmatamentos entre os períodos analisados e uma diferença maior ocorrida na Fazenda Silvânia, dado o favorecimento a pecuária extensiva. Porém, não se pode afirmar que os assentamentos apresentam maior nível de sustentabilidade ambiental, onde por meio da observação das médias anuais, verificam-se proporções quase que idênticas de desmatamentos, e que nos assentamentos, os desmatamentos ocorreram de forma mais fragmentados do que na Fazenda Silvânia, podendo ocasionar uma maior redução de espécies no ambiente, reduzindo o potencial de sustentabilidade do meio ambiente. Por fim, os resultados podem servir a orientações na formulação de política ambiental à manutenção das famílias em assentamentos de reforma agrária, contribuindo ao desenvolvimento sustentável das propriedades rurais naquela região, conjugada a fiscalização que permita a continuidade no processo de produção de forma sustentável.
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Nevares, Mario Maia. "Reservas internacionais ótimas de um país: um estudo do caso brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/330.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-04The objective of this paper is to analyze the foreign reserves accumulation among countries such Brazil that builds up international reserves to be protected from externai crises as well as to diminish such probability. We desire to analyze also the determination of optimal levei of reserves. We will approach brief historical of the literature of reserves holdings. In the study of Brazil, we will discuss the optimal levei of Brazilian international reserves using buffer stock model, with temporaries series approach, differing from previous cross-section studies.
O objetivo deste trabalho analisar acumulação de reservas internacionais por parte de países como Brasil, que acumulam reservas na tentativa de se proteger de crises externas bem como diminuir tal probabilidade. Desejamos analisar determinação do nível ótimo de reservas. Apresentaremos um breve histórico da literatura sobre acumulação de reservas. No estudo do Brasil, discutiremos nível ótimo de reservas internacionais brasileiras usando modelo de buffer stock, partir de uma abordagem de séries temporais, diferindo de trabalhos anteriores usando dados cross-section.
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Comério, Larissa de Melo. "Cidades criativas e desenvolvimento regional : o caso de Vitória-ES." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1105.
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O presente trabalho pretende dedicar-se a discussão dos elementos que compõem a economia criativa, para tanto, utiliza diferentes conceitos de criatividade, indústrias criativas e cidades criativas. O termo economia criativa surgiu em 2001 com o livro de John Howkins, mas a idéia básica foi apresentada no estudo Creative Nation realizado pelo governo australiano em 1994. A partir de então, diversos países têm adotado o conceito como instrumento de fomento ao desenvolvimento econômico e social. Assim, a associação da economia criativa a uma economia voltada ao desenvolvimento está ligada, portanto, ao reconhecimento de que a criatividade humana pode ser um ativo econômico (REIS, 2012). Diferentes países e regiões podem utilizar essa abordagem com o objetivo de alcançar efeitos positivos sobre o emprego e como ferramenta para a promoção da inclusão social. A discussão é recente no Brasil, um dos estudos pioneiros foi desenvolvido pela Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN), intitulado “A Cadeia da Indústria Criativa no Brasil”. A partir desse trabalho e do banco de dados da Secretaria de Turismo, Trabalho e Renda – SETGER da prefeitura de Vitória foi possível desenvolver um estudo espacial dos empreendimentos criativos para Vitória -ES. Concluiu-se, então, que a desconcentração dos empreendimentos criativos nas diferentes regiões do município deve ser um dos objetivos buscados para que a cidade se transforme em um espaço mais colaborativo e coeso.
The present work intends to engage in discussion of the elements that make up the creative economy, therefore, uses different concepts of creativity, creative industries and creative cities. The term creative economy appeared in 2001 with the book of John Howkins, but the basic idea was presented in the Creative Nation study conducted by the Australian government in 1994. Since then, several countries have adopted the concept as an instrument to promote economic and social development. Thus, the combination of a creative and a development economy is linked, therefore, to the recognition that human creativity can be an economic asset (Reis, 2012). Different countries and regions can use this approach with the objective to achieve positive effects on employment and as a tool for the promoting social inclusion. The discussion is recent in Brazil, one of the pioneering studies was developed by the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro ( FIRJAN ) entitled "The Chain of Creative Industry in Brazil". From that job and the database of the Department of Tourism, Work and Income from the City of Vitória was possible to develop a spatial study of creative enterprises to the county. Then it was concluded that the deconcentration of creative enterprises in different regions of the municipality must be one of the goals pursued for the city to become a more collaborative and cohesive space.
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Vargas, Juliano. "A informalidade do mercado de trabalho : um desafio institucional permanente para a economia brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1527.
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A economia informal compõe o mundo do trabalho de todas as sociedades capitalistas, em menor ou em maior grau. No Brasil, historicamente observa-se que esse fenômeno tem sido sempre muito abrangente, sobretudo motivado pelo e resultante do contexto socioeconômico, jurídico e político. Devido às idiossincrasias nacionais, desde o surgimento do mercado de trabalho no país, esta situação persiste em diversos panoramas e com vários matizes, obstaculizando uma melhor performance global da economia brasileira e negando oportunidades de desenvolvimento individual e social ao longo do tempo. Sendo assim, e através do prisma da Economia Social e do Trabalho, o objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os principais fatores conjunturais e estruturais da informalidade observada no mercado nacional de trabalho no interregno 1980-2012, apresentando a dimensão desse problema e expondo suas raízes econômicas e institucionais, a fim de contribuir com novos elementos para o debate da informalidade em nível nacional. A hipótese central dessa pesquisa é de que o elevado GI no Brasil persiste essencialmente – mesmo que com diferentes especificidades históricas – ao nível das mentalidades dos diversos agentes, isto é, antes de ter-se um mercado nacional de trabalho com um alto GI, tem-se uma sociedade brasileira altamente informal. A instituição “trabalho informal” persiste como um hábito incrustado mesmo diante de mudanças de ordem socioeconômica, o que impede que grande parcela da população brasileira tenha acesso ao trabalho formalizado e decente (a là OIT). É mister que haja maior efetividade das leis e aprimoramentos institucionais acompanhados de coordenação e “vontade política”, alicerçados pela tomada de consciência crescente da sociedade civil no que se refere à importância da formalização e aos males da informalidade tanto para seus cidadãos quanto para a nação. Sugere-se como uma possível alternativa para diminuir o GI de forma mais consistente a consideração, para além dos aspectos econômicos e jurídicos, do arcabouço cultural, histórico, comportamental e dos hábitos sociais incrustados que os condicionam e os orientam. Isto porque são estes os eixos que norteiam o processo de desenvolvimento individual e social. Nesse sentido, o estudo (de caráter descritivo e analítico) é fundamentado pelas teorias sistêmicas e multidisciplinares desenvolvidas por Karl Paul Polanyi e Amartya Kumar Sen, interpretadas como artífices de uma vida digna, além de apregoarem o “reincrustamento” da economia na sociedade e, por analogia, o “desincrustamento” da informalidade institucionalmente enraizada na sociedade brasileira. Isso se dará à medida que forem expandidas as liberdades instrumentais e substantivas, em uma espécie de “causação circular cumulativa” aplicada à questão da informalidade, tendo como “efeito colateral altamente desejável” o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. As principais contribuições deste estudo emergiram justamente das concepções teóricas dos dois autores, combinadas aos nexos de convergência estabelecidos entre a economia brasileira, seus desdobramentos institucionais e a informalidade no mercado nacional de trabalho no período estudado.
The informal economy composes the world of work of all the capitalist societies, in lesser or greater extent. In Brazil, historically it is observed that this phenomenon has always been very broad, mostly motivated by and resulting from socio-economic, legal and political context. Due to national idiosyncrasies, since the advent of the labour market in the country, this situation exists in several panoramas and various hues, hindering a better overall performance of the Brazilian economy and denying opportunities for individual and social development over time. Thus, and through the prism of Social and Labour Economics, the aim of this work is to analyze the main conjunctural and structural factors of informality observed in the national labour market in the interregnum 1980-2012, showing the dimension of this problem and exposing their economic and institutional roots, in order to contribute with new elements to the discussion of informality at the national level. The central hypothesis of this research is that high degree of labour informality in Brazil remains essentially – even if subject to historical specificities – at the level of mentalities of the different agents, meaning that before having a national labour market with a high degree of labour informality has been a highly informal Brazilian society. The institution of “informal work” remains an embedded habit even when a change in the socio-economic order occurs, which precludes much of the population access to formal and decent work (according to ILO definition). It is imperative a greater effectiveness of laws and institutional improvements accompanied by coordination and “political will”, grounded by the growing awareness of civil society with regard to the importance of formal work and the evils of the informal work for its citizens and for the nation as a whole. Beyond to the economic and legal aspects, it is suggested as a possible alternative to reduce the degree of labour informality a more consistent consideration of the cultural, historical and behavioral backgrounds together with the embedded social habits that affect and drive them. These last ones are the axes that guide the process of individual and social development. In this sense, this study (of descriptive and analytical nature) is based on systemic and multidisciplinary theories developed by Karl Paul Polanyi and Amartya Kumar Sen, interpreted as artificers of a dignified life, as well as endorsers of the “re-embeddedness” of the economy in the society and, by analogy, the “desembeddedness” of the informality institutionally rooted in the Brazilian society. This will take place as a consequence of the expansion of the instrumental and substantive freedoms in a sort of “circular and cumulative causation” applied to the issue of informality, with the “highly desirable side effect” of socio-economic development. The main contributions of this research emerged precisely from the theoretical conceptions of these two authors along with a convergent nexus established among the Brazilian economy, its institutional unfolding process and the informality in the national labour market during the studied period.
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Abdala, André. "Persistência e determinantes dos desvios inflacionários no Brasil." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8784.
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Este trabalho realiza uma investigação econométrica acerca dos determinantes dos desvios inflacionários no Brasil, no período de Janeiro de 2003 a Dezembro de 2014, através do uso de regressões por MQO e GMM. Em um primeiro momento, são levantados os elementos teóricos que explicam hipoteticamente a ocorrência de tais desvios no âmbito do regime de metas de inflação. Em sequência, é realizada uma revisão da literatura empírica para o Brasil com base em trabalhos que testaram o fenômeno inflacionário. Os resultados empíricos obtidos neste trabalho apontam para uma elevada inércia dos desvios de inflação no período estudado, com a contrapartida de efeitos da credibilidade de política monetária contrários ao esperado pela teoria. Ademais, uma análise de robustez identificou a presença do trade-off de curto prazo entre taxa de desocupação e desvios inflacionários, sugerindo que o BCB pode explorar estes canais para a mitigação dos desvios em relação à meta anunciada para a taxa de inflação. O trabalho ainda obteve resultados de que os condicionantes externos, tais como variações de preços de commodities e cambiais, não podem ser creditados como determinantes dos desvios inflacionários neste período de estudo, de modo que esses desvios, ao que tudo indica, estão ligados a fatores domésticos.
This work performs an econometric analysis on the determinants of inflation deviations in Brazil, from January 2003 to December 2014, through of OLS and GMM estimations. At first, the theoretical elements that hypothetically explain the occurrence of such deviations in the inflation targeting regime are lifted. In sequence, a review of the empirical literature for Brazil based on studies that tested the inflationary phenomenon. The empirical results of this study indicate a high inertia of inflation deviations in the period studied, with the consideration of the effects of monetary policy credibility contrary to the expected by theory. In addition, a robustness analysis identified the presence of trade-off in short-term between unemployment and inflation deviations, suggesting BCB can explore these channels to mitigate the deviations from the target announced for the inflation rate. The work also obtained results that external conditions, such as changes in commodity and currency prices, cannot be credited as determinants of inflation deviations in this period, so these deviations are linked to household factors
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Barros, Leonel Leite. "As expectativas nos autores pré-keynesianos modernos do mainstrain e na teoria geral." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/8788.
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A temática das expectativas dentro das ciências econômicas é de fundamental importância, mas ao se observar, por exemplo, um manual de História do Pensamento Econômico (HPE) tem-se a ideia que a temática apenas surgiu a partir da publicação da Teoria Geral do Emprego, do Juro e da Moeda (TG), de John Maynard Keynes, em 1936. A intenção desta dissertação é investigar se nas obras dos autores modernos pré-keynesianos do mainstream havia, ou não, apontamentos sobre as expectativas e, em caso positivo, fazer sua apresentação integrada aos modelos dos autores, bem como a discussão da temática na TG, o que possibilitará o entendimento sobre o porquê desta obra ser tão importante em relação às expectativas. Assim, para alcançar este intento, se fará um estudo sobre os economistas marginalistas e a Escola de Cambridge até o advento da TG. Para isto, no primeiro capítulo se discutirá as expectativas nos modelos dos autores marginalistas William Stanley Jevons, Carl Menger e Léon Walras. Os objetivos deste capítulo serão: a) apresentar a discussão das expectativas para os autores marginalistas; e, b) indicar a possível causa para a HPE ter ignorado esta discussão. No segundo e no terceiro capítulo se discutirão as expectativas na Escola de Cambridge, os autores a serem discutidos serão Alfred Marshall, Arthur Cecil Pigou, Dennis Holme Robertson e John Maynard Keynes. Os dois primeiros serão discutidos no segundo capítulo e os dois últimos no terceiro. O propósito dos dois capítulos será: a) apresentar as expectativas na visão dos autores da Escola de Cambridge; b) sugerir a possível razão para os apontamentos de Marshall, Pigou e Robertson sobre as expectativas terem atraído em menor dimensão a atenção da HPE em relação à mesma temática na TG.
The theme of expectations in economic sciences is of fundamental importance, but observing, for instance, a Manual of History of Economic Thought has been the idea that the issue only arose from the publication of the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Currency, of the John Maynard Keynes in 1936. The intention of this work is to investigate whether the works of the modern pre-keynesian authors of the mainstream were or not remarks about the expectations and, if so, make your presentation to integrated models of the authors, as well as the topic of discussion in the General Theory, which will enable the understanding of why this work is so relevant in relation to expectations. Thus, to achieve this purpose, it will do a study on the marginalist economists and the School of Cambridge until the advent of General Theory. For this, the first chapter will discuss the expectations models of marginalists authors William Stanley Jevons, Carl Menger, and Léon Walras. The objectives of this chapter shall be: a) to present the discussion of expectations for the marginalist authors; and, b) to indicate the possible cause for the History of Economic Thought have ignored this discussion. In the second and third chapter will discuss the expectations at Cambridge School, the authors to be discussed will be Alfred Marshall, Arthur Cecil Pigou, Dennis Holme Robertson and John Maynard Keynes. The first two will be discussed in the second chapter and the last two in the third. The purpose of the two chapters will be: a) to present the expectations in view of the authors of the Cambridge School; b) to suggest a possible reason for the remarks of Marshall, Pigou and Robertson on the expectations have attracted a lesser extent the attention of the History of Economic Thought regarding the same theme in the General Theory.
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Sardinha, Neto Diamantino Augusto. "Um estudo do processo de certifica????o ISO 9002 no departamento de oficinas da Companhia do Metropolitano de S??o Paulo." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2002. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/330.
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Previous issue date: 2002-10-23This study aims to investigate how has been the ISO 9002 certification process in the Repair Department of the Companhia do Metropolitano de S??o Paulo - Metr??, in the Wheeling Material process. A survey has been performed among the Department employees in order to study the group's impression about the certification and its results. The data analysis allowed to verify the employees perceptions about the process and identify the changes with the certification mainly with reference to documentation, organization and maintenance procedures. With this work we intend to contribute for further studies about certification in accordance with ISO 9000 requirements and its effects on the organizations, specially the ones with mixed economy, like this that was the subject of this research.
Este estudo de caso tem por objetivo investigar como foi o processo de certifica????o ISO 9002 no Departamento de Oficinas da Companhia do Metropolitano de S??o Paulo - Metr?? no processo do Material Rodante. Realizou-se uma pesquisa entre os funcion??rios do Departamento para estudar as impress??es do grupo sobre a certifica????o e seus resultados. A an??lise dos dados permitiu verificar a percep????o dos funcion??rios sobre o processo e identificar mudan??as ocorridas, principalmente no que tange ?? documenta????o, organiza????o e procedimentos de manuten????o. Com este trabalho pretende-se contribuir para estudos sobre a certifica????o nas normas ISO 9000 e seus efeitos nas empresas, especialmente nas de economia mista, como a que foi objeto desta pesquisa.
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Camatta, Rafael Barbieri. "Para além do consumo conspícuo : uma proposta de interpretação da Teoria do Consumo em Thorstein Veblen." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/2666.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-30O consumo é um tema central na economia e foi abordado em diversas correntes microeconômicas, além de ser estudado em diversas outras áreas como a Administração, Marketing, Psicologia, Sociologia, etc. Este trabalho busca mostrar a importância da contribuição de Thorstein Veblen acerca deste tema, que engloba componentes como instintos, hábitos e instituições. Para tanto, inicia-se a pesquisa com uma retrospectiva histórica sobre a conjuntura institucional na qual o autor escreveu sua obra. Ao longo desta são apontados como os fenômenos históricos influenciaram algumas das obras do autor. Em seguida, apresenta-se a teoria do processo de decisão do agente em sua forma mais abstrata, no que tange à inter-relação dos instintos, hábitos e instituições. Esta análise se inicia com um breve panorama da Teoria da Utilidade Marginal, qual seja, a interpretação marginalista sobre o consumo, seguida da crítica vebleniana a esta teoria. Estas seções são importantes pois é a partir da crítica à Utilidade Marginal que Veblen apresenta quais são as bases essenciais para uma teoria do consumo institucionalista assim como quais são suas concepções epistemológicas. Em seguida examina-se a teoria do processo de decisão do agente vebleniano, base para a elaboração tanto da teoria do consumo conspícuo quanto do consumo padronizado. Na sequência, analisa-se o consumo conspícuo na obra de Veblen e a interpretação marginalista deste conceito. Busca-se avaliar em que medida esta última se afasta da teoria original, assim como mostrar seus avanços acerca do tema. Demonstra-se, a partir da análise do livro The Theory of Bussiness Enterprise, que a concepção vebleniana não está restrita ao consumo conspícuo e apresenta o conceito de consumo padronizado, responsável por analisar mercadorias não emulativas.
The consumption issues are central to the economic theory, and were approached by various microeconomic schools and as well by other disciplines as Administration, Marketing, Psychology, Sociology, etc. This Dissertation tries to demonstrate the importance of Thorstein Veblen contribution to the theme, primarily by the inclusion of instincts, habits and institutions in the analysis. To this purpose, the study initiate with a historical retrospective of the decades that Veblen wrote his most important works. As the historical phenomena are discussed, there are indications of how those have influenced Veblen’s works. Afterwards, the Veblen’s decision making process is presented, with specific sections to instincts and habits/institution, as well as the interrelation between those factors. This analysis initiate with an overview of the marginalist theory of consumption (the marginal utility theory), and Veblen’s critic to this point of view. Those sections are important to express the origin point of Veblen epistemological proposition for an evolutionary economics. Subsequently, the decision making process is analyzed per se. Over this process lies all Veblen’s consumption theory, both the conspicuous and the standardized. Finally, the primary objective of this Dissertation is investigated, first by the survey of Veblen’s Conspicuous Consumption Theory, the original proposition, than its latter unfolding research, the marginal interpretation. In these section the research attempt to expose in which points the marginal interpretation of the Conspicuous Consumption advances as well in which points it deviates from the original proposition. Finally, from the analysis of The Theory of Business Enterprise book, the research indicates that Veblen’s consumer theory is not restricted to the Conspicuous Consumption of luxury brands. Otherwise, with the introduction of standardized consumption concept, this theory embodies the wage goods as well.
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Becaro, Taiane Cristiane. "Em busca de contribuições Schumpeterianas à Teoria da Regulação : as telecomunicações brasileiras numa perspectiva evolucionária." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1276.
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A partir da década de 1970, a literatura que trata daqueles setores de infraestrutura, cujo funcionamento requer um acompanhamento específico do Estado, vale dizer através da regulação, absorveu grande parte dos conceitos fundamentais desenvolvidos pelas escolas institucionalistas, notadamente pela Nova Economia Institucional (NEI). Entretanto, apesar dos avanços alcançados, esta literatura ainda carece de alguns desenvolvimentos teóricos e estudos empíricos que contribuam de forma decisiva. Tais questões estão ligadas, por exemplo, à evolução dos cenários e às condições econômicas que são alteradas a partir de mudanças significativas nas condições tecnológicas e que acabam por alterar significativamente aquela estrutura industrial para qual o modelo regulatório foi desenhado. Nesse sentido, as contribuições da Economia da Regulação e da NEI carecem de elementos evolucionários, notadamente schumpeterianos. O principal objetivo da dissertação é investigar como alguns elementos de inspiração schumpeteriana podem em algum grau ser aplicados à economia da regulação e neste sentido contribuir com proposições naqueles temas que essa escola fincou sua abordagem característica: o progresso tecnológico e o comportamento estratégico inovativo das empresas. Nesse sentido, o problema de pesquisa desse trabalho pode ser assim colocado: como pode ser entendido o papel do progresso tecnológico e da inovação nas teorias da regulação? A hipótese assumida neste trabalho é que não se pode desconsiderar a tecnologia e suas diversas implicações para a análise dos setores regulados, constatação essa cada vez mais clara, dadas as recentes transformações dessas indústrias: uma das principais características dos setores regulados, a partir da década de 1990, é o surgimento de novos marcos regulatórios e uma alteração progressiva dos modelos organizacionais que predominavam até então e um movimento de adaptação à margem da regulação vigente. Os resultados empíricos mostram que as transformações tecnológicas e institucionais ocorridas a partir de 1995 na indústria brasileira de telecomunicações alteraram significativamente a estrutura industrial e a dinâmica concorrencial do setor, colocando ao desenho regulatório – da Anatel – novos e complexos desafios, sobretudo, o de se adaptar à margem da dinamicidade característica das telecomunicações. Neste novo contexto, as funções regulatórias são mais complexas, o que exige um duplo processo de aprendizagem: quanto às estruturas de mercado e quanto ao comportamento estratégico das empresas.Infrastructure is the part of the economy that requires the most overview from the state. The state enforces quality control through regulation. From the 1970s on, most of the literature dealing with this issue is based on the so-called "Institutionalist" schools, with New Institutional Economics (in Portuguese, Nova Economia Institucional, NEI). Despite the advances made in this field, theoretical and empirical results remain lacking. One particular issue is that of changing technological conditions that alter the effectiveness of now-outdated regulations. In this sense, the contributions of the Economics of Regulation and the New Institutional Economics lack of evolutionary elements, arguably Schumpeterian elements. This work investigates how Schumpeter's ideas can be applied to regulation-related economics. In particular the issue how firms apply technological progress and innovative strategies is addressed. In short, this work's main research question can be posed as: can the roles of technological progress and innovation theory on regulation be understood? One assumption made in this work is that the effects of technological progress on regulated sectors cannot be ignored. Beginning in 1990s, new regulatory frameworks have emerged. The regulations that were in place until then have been made less important than those newer approaches. Empirical results presented in this work show that institutional and technological changes had a big impact on the telecom sector. Anatel, the industry's watchdog, had to adapt to these changing circumstances. Its role became more complex and required it to understand the new market structure and the firms' behaviors in response to these changes.
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Silva, Manuel Joaquim da Natividade. "Inércia da taxa de juros : teoria e evidência para a economia brasileira (2005-2013)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1302.
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No âmbito da condução da política monetária, as funções de reação estimadas em estudos empíricos, tanto para a economia brasileira como para outras economias, têm mostrado uma boa aderência aos dados. Porém, os estudos mostram que o poder explicativo das estimativas aumenta consideravelmente quando se inclui um componente de suavização da taxa de juros, representado pela taxa de juros defasada. Segundo Clarida, et. al. (1998) o coeficiente da taxa de juros defasada (situado ente 0,0 e 1,0) representaria o grau de inércia da política monetária, e quanto maior esse coeficiente, menor e mais lenta é a resposta da taxa de juros ao conjunto de informações relevantes. Por outro lado, a literatura empírica internacional mostra que esse componente assume um peso expressivo nas funções de reação, o que revela que os BCs ajustam o instrumento de modo lento e parcimonioso. No entanto, o caso brasileiro é de particular interesse porque os trabalhos mais recentes têm evidenciado uma elevação no componente inercial, o que sugere que o BCB vem aumentando o grau de suavização da taxa de juros nos últimos anos. Nesse contexto, mais do que estimar uma função de reação forward looking para captar o comportamento global médio do Banco Central do Brasil no período de Janeiro de 2005 a Maio de 2013, o trabalho se propôs a procurar respostas para uma possível relação de causalidade dinâmica entre a trajetória do coeficiente de inércia e as variáveis macroeconômicas relevantes, usando como método a aplicação do filtro de Kalman para extrair a trajetória do coeficiente de inércia e a estimação de um modelo de Vetores Autorregressivos (VAR) que incluirá a trajetória do coeficiente de inércia e as variáveis macroeconômicas relevantes. De modo geral, pelas regressões e pelo filtro de Kalman, os resultados mostraram um coeficiente de inércia extremamente elevado em todo o período analisado, e coeficientes de resposta global muito pequenos, inconsistentes com o que é esperado pela teoria. Pelo método VAR, o resultado de maior interesse foi o de que choques positivos na variável de inércia foram responsáveis por desvios persistentes no hiato do produto e, consequentemente, sobre os desvios de inflação e de expectativas de inflação em relação à meta central.
Regarding the monetary policy conduction, the reaction functions estimated in many empirical studies – for the Brazilian economy and other economies – have shown a good fit to data. However, these studies also report that the explanatory power for the estimates improves considerably when it includes a component of interest rate smoothing, represented by the lagged interest rate. According to Clarida, et. al. (1998) the lagged interest rate coefficient (between 0,0 and 1,0) represents the degree of monetary policy inertia, and when it becomes higher the response of interest rates to all relevant information becomes lower. The international literature has shown that such a component plays a significant role in the reaction function, which means that the central banks set interest rates slowly and parsimonious over time. However, the Brazilian case is particularly interesting, because more recent studies have shown an increase of the inertial component, suggesting that the BCB has increased the degree of interest rate smoothing in recent years. In this context, rather than to estimate a forward looking reaction function for the Brazilian Central Bank from January 2005 to May 2013, the current study aims to seek answers for a possible dynamic causality relationship between the trajectory of the inertia coefficient and relevant macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, we applied the Kalman Filter method to extract the trajectory of the inertia coefficient and then we estimated a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) including the path of such an inertia and relevant macroeconomic variables. In general, the result for both Kalman filter method and the estimated reaction functions showed a high degree of inertia and a small overall coefficients response, what is inconsistent with the theory. The main finding from the VAR method was that positive shocks of the inertia variable were responsible for positive deviations on the output gap which in turn caused persistent inflation and inflation expectation deviations from the target.
Books on the topic "330 Economia"
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1921-, Makino Noboru, and Sakamoto Shunzō 1934-, eds. Kyō ni mo yakudatsu keizai jōshiki 300. 9th ed. Tokyo: Goma Shobō, 1990.
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2
Kyŏngje kisa kunggŭmchŭng 300-mun 300-tap. 2nd ed. Sŏul-si: Tonga Ilbosa, 2006.
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3
United States International Trade Commission. Macadamia nuts: Economic and competitive factors affecting the U.S. industry : report on investigation no. 332-320 under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1992.
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United States International Trade Commission., ed. Macadamia nuts: Economic and competitive factors affecting the U.S. industry : report on investigation no. 332-320 under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1992.
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Griffin, Keith, ed. Economic Reform in Vietnam. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-99521-1.
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Ronald, Capone, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, eds. Economic Growth Analysis System: Version 3.0 reference manual : final report. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1995.
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Santiso, Javier. España 3.0: Necesitamos resetear el país. Barcelona: Ediciones Deusto, 2015.
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Brown, Lester Russell. Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to save civilization. New York, N.Y: W. W. Norton & Co., 2008.
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Aragão, Mário Henriques. Meruoca: 300 anos de história. [Sobral, Ceará, Brazil]: Prefeitura Municipal de Sobral, 1999.
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Hosoe, Moriki, and Iltae Kim, eds. Applied Economic Analysis of Information and Risk. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3300-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "330 Economia"
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Togan, S. "The Turkish Economy and the European Economies in Transition." In Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition, 7–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-97800-9_2.
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Gabriel, Satyananda J. "300 years enslaved." In Political Economy Goes to the Movies, 59–82. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351580915-4.
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Gill, Graeme. "Democratization: Economic Prerequisites?" In The Dynamics of Democratization, 1–7. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-98554-0_1.
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Hendry, David F. "Mathematical Models and Economic Forecasting: Some Uses and Mis-Uses of Mathematics in Economics." In Probabilities, Laws, and Structures, 319–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3030-4_23.
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Lombardi, Mauro. "Traiettorie tecno-economiche." In Studi e saggi, 113–32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-310-9.08.
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Here six techno-economic trajectories are discussed in light of global challenges and the great changes that are taking place in the techno-scientific and social world: digitization of socio-economic processes, smart specialization, environmental sustainability and systemic resilience, knowledge intensive activities, health topics dealt with IA techniques, bio-economy and agri-food. For each trajectory focus area, actors and indicators are proposed.
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Griffin, Keith. "Restructuring and Economic Reforms." In Economic Reform in Vietnam, 1–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-99521-1_1.
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Motamen-Samadian, Sima, and Etelberto Ortiz Cruz. "Successful Integration and Economic Distress: The New Dual Economy — the Case of Mexico in NAFTA." In Economic Integration in NAFTA and the EU, 209–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-99488-7_13.
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Khan, Parvez Ahmed, and Bala Venkatesh. "Economic Analysis of Chemical Energy Storage Technologies." In Smart City 360°, 277–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33681-7_23.
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Ip, Eric C. "Behavioral Constitutional Economics." In SpringerBriefs in Law, 35–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3230-4_4.
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Turi, Abeba N. "Currency Under the Web 3.0 Economy." In Technologies for Modern Digital Entrepreneurship, 155–86. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6005-0_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "330 Economia"
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J Clarke, Steven, Mohammadreza Akbari, and Shaghayegh Maleki Far. "Vietnam Trade Policy: A Developing Nation Accessment." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3730.
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This paper is a review of the progress of the Vietnam socio-economic and development plans, and an assessment of the extent to which Vietnam is putting in place the critical social and economic development structures that will enable it to reach the status of “developed nation” in the time set (2020) by its national strategic plan. The research will identify and review trade patterns, trade policy and the effect of foreign aid on Vietnam’s plan to transform its economy and society from developing to a developed nation status. The overriding question stands as “is” Vietnam effectively moving towards developed nation status soon”? The review is conducted by collecting and analyzing data on foreign trade, foreign aid, business and general economic growth, development and social wellbeing. It identifies and appraises the trade patterns, trade effects, socio-economic policies and the effect of foreign aid on the economic growth and the progress of the country towards becoming a developed nation state. Vietnam has experienced significant progress to date based on conventional developed nation criteria. However, there is an ongoing need for continued assertive governmental application of geo-economic and geopolitical policies focusing on sustainable, comprehensive, and vital social, cultural and economic growth.
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He, Zhengqiang. "The Analysis of Contract Economic in Procurement Supervision." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)197.
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Nedosekin, Alexey, Slexander Kozlovsky, and Zinaida Abdoulaeva. "The cryptocurrency pension mechanism foundations." In System analysis in economics – 2018. Prometheus publishing house, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33278/sae-2018.eng.333-335.
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Kuvarzina, Olga. "Public investment strategy: implementation of system aspects." In System analysis in economics – 2018. Prometheus publishing house, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33278/sae-2018.eng.336-339.
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Zoidov, Kobiljon Kh, Alexey A. Medkov, and Zafar K. Zoidov. "MECHANISMS OF TRANSBOUNDARY WATER-ENERGY INTERACTION BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERSTATE-CORPORATE PARTNERSHIP." In Actual issues of ensuring the defense capability and security of the state in the new economic conditions. Military University Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Market Economy Institute of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/978-5-6043908-5-6-2022-334-350.
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The way out of the global financial and economic crisis, aggravated by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and measures to combat it, as well as the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine, the introduction of foreign state and corporate sanctions against the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is inextricably linked with the innovative development of the transit economy.
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Anfinogentova, Maria Denisovna. "MODERN ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH THE LIGHT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION." In Российская наука: актуальные исследования и разработки. Самара: Самарский государственный экономический университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2022.02-1-336/339.
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Haustova, V., and Olga Pecherskaya. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT IN ECONOMIC PROCESSES. THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_316-320.
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This article examines the relationship between economic science and psychology, how the processes of the human psyche, perception and certain economic processes influence each other. In the course of economic activity, a person manifests himself as a source of various habits, behavior, mood. Economic psychology tries to explain the behavior of an individual in various situations, proceeding from the fact that a person is rational and determines in advance possible positive or negative results for himself.
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Yushina, Sofia. "1917: SEARCH FOR A NEW MODEL OF THE STATE AND PREPARATION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/335-340.
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In this paper, the author presents a very personal, but well-founded vision of the causes of the revolutionary events in Russia in 1917, the inability of the then elites to resolve the existing socio-economic problems, and the idea of the Constituent Assembly as an institution that could play a key role in solving the pressing issues of state-building in this difficult time.
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Wang, Quan, and Yulong Luo. "Cointegration Study on Relationship between Shanghai Rail Freight Traffic and Economic Growth." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)47.
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Yang, Dequan, Qian Zhao, and Yang Liu. "Research on Foreign Exchange Risk and Enterprises Avoiding Strategy in Economic Globalization." In Eighth International Conference of Chinese Logistics and Transportation Professionals (ICCLTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40996(330)86.
Full textReports on the topic "330 Economia"
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van Walbeek, Corné, Adedeji Adeniran, and Iraoya Augustine. More on the Positive Fiscal and Health Effects of Increasing Tobacco Taxes in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.010.
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Nigeria is faced with substantial economic and health burdens caused by tobacco smoking. The economic burden of smoking accounts for approximately 1.3 per cent of Nigeria's GDP. In terms of its health impact, 4.9 per cent of all deaths in 2019 were attributed to smokingrelated diseases. The thousands of Nigerians that die annually from tobacco-induced diseases are no longer able to contribute productively to the economy. Tobacco taxation is one very effective mechanism for reducing the burden of smoking. This paper measures and benchmarks the economic gains and the number of lives that could be saved through increased tobacco taxation in Nigeria. Should the government of Nigeria increase the excise tax to 240 Naira per pack (together with an ad valorem tax of 50 per cent of the CIF/ex-works price), our model predicts that, over 30 years, nearly 150,000 premature deaths could be avoided. This is in addition to the more than 150 per cent increase in government revenue that would also result. The model indicates that the larger the increase in the excise tax, the greater would be its fiscal and public health impact.
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Cathles, Alison, Claudia Suaznabar, and Fernando Vargas. The 360 on Digital Transformation in Firms in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004635.
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Are firms in Latin America and the Caribbean lagging in terms of their adoption of digital technologies? Using the most updated and, in many cases, new data, this publication provides a 360-degree assessment on the adoption of technologies ranging from artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things, to “backbone” tools such as cloud computing and basic digital technologies (e.g., the percent of firms with websites). On certain dimensions, some firms in the region compare favorably with firms in OECD countries. However, in general, as with artificial intelligence and big data, the data point to considerable gaps in uptake. With a comprehensive outlook, this work also assesses enabling conditions for digital technology adoption and current trends in the digital economy.
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Fazekas, Andreas, and Scarleth Nuñez Castillo. NDC Invest Annual Overview 2020. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003430.
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NDC INVEST is an IDB Group platform offering financial solutions and technical support to help build national goals and transform them into attainable plans that generate prosperous, resilient, and carbon neutral economies. Throughout the years closely supporting LAC countries, NDC INVEST has gained valuable experience and knowledge in designing and implementing concrete actions that lead to long-term climate resilience and net-zero emissions by 2050. In 2020, NDC INVEST confirmed its key role in successfully translating national climate commitments into physical and beneficial economic plans and transformational development projects. 331 initiatives have been supported in IDB Group regional member states through the IDB sovereign window, IDB Invest and IDB Lab. This publication highlights the successful work of NDC Invest in i.) developing relevant knowledge and building national capacities for long-term strategies (LTS), ii.) supporting countries in creating ambitious climate goals and NDCs, and iii.) implementing LTS and NDCs through financial strategies and investment plans.
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Rosen, Richard A. Can Panel Data Methodologies Determine the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp171.
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Several major papers have been published over the last ten years claiming to have detected the impact of either annual variations in weather or climate change on the GDPs of most countries in the world using panel data-based statistical methodologies. These papers rely on various multivariate regression equations which include the annual average temperatures for most countries in the world as one or more of the independent variables, where the usual dependent variable is the change in annual GDP for each country from one year to the next year over 30-50 year time periods. Unfortunately, the quantitative estimates derived in these papers are misleading because the equations from which they are calculated are wrong. The major reason the resulting regression equations are wrong is because they do not include any of the appropriate and usual economic factors or variables which are likely to be able to explain changes in GDP/economic growth whether or not climate change has already impacted each country’s economy. These equations, in short, exhibit suffer from “omitted variable bias,” to use statistical terminology.
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Domínguez, Patricio, and Krista Ruffini. Research Insights: How Do Longer School Days Affect Students' Economic Well-Being in Adulthood? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003284.
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Many Latin American countries and cities have substantially lengthened the school day over the past generation. Chile, for example, increased the school day by 30 percent between 1997 and 2010. While evidence on lengthening these additional instructional resources points to positive effects in the short term, we know little about whether these reforms affect students long-term economic outcomes once they enter the labor market. This project finds longer elementary and secondary school days substantially improve economic well-being by increasing educational attainment, delaying childbearing, and increasing earnings in young adulthood.
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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu, and George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.
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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. The Situation of Puerto Rico in the First Half of the 20th Century. Edited by Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582003.
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After 390 years of Spanish colonialism, Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain to the United States, as a result of the Spanish-American War and the Treaty of Paris. At the dawn of the 20th century, the situation on the Island was one of extreme poverty, high unemployment, and widespread illiteracy. Federal programs alleviated the situation on the Island but began to institutionalize a major problem: the evil of passively waiting for economic aid from abroad, instead of seeking to solve the problems by its own initiative.
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Isinika, Aida, and John Jeckoniah. The Political Economy of Sunflower in Tanzania: A Case of Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.002.
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This paper looks at the challenges and shortcomings facing the sunflower sub-sector in Tanzania. It showcases the political economy of sunflower based on analyses of the performance of the sector over a 30-year period since the early 1990s, also studying the relations between the importers of edible oil, and the local actors of the sunflower value chain (farmers and processors). In addition, the authors discuss how disparities in accessing resources for production were established across gender, age, wealth status, which led to social differentiation. Following this, they examine how restrictions introduced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected activities and relations along the sunflower value chain.
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Oduncu, Arif. Country Diagnostic Study – The Kyrgyz Republic. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21001.
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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for the Kyrgyz Republic uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy (MCPS). During the last two decades, the Kyrgyz Republic has recorded low performance in economic development. The country recorded only 3.0 percent of average annual Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-adjusted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth from 2000 to 2019. The Kyrgyz Republic is facing several economic and social problems that are challenging its economic development model. This CDS report shows that the most binding constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth include i) low human capital, ii) poor infrastructure, iii) government and market failures, and iv) high cost of capital. The Kyrgyz development model’s performance is a subject of concern not only for the government and other local stakeholders but also for the technical and financial partners of the Kyrgyz Republic, including the Islamic Development Bank. The MCPS aims to contribute to the global efforts made by the Kyrgyz Republic to meet its economic and social needs through leveraging opportunities offered by the new business model of the Bank. Given the Kyrgyz Republic’s positives, the Bank can consider financing transport, energy and ICT infrastructure projects and supporting manufacturing and agricultural sectors to assist economic growth.
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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.
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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”