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Karakilic, Emrah. "The limits of cognitive capitalism." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/18353/.
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Cognitive capitalism -or the “third capitalism” succeeding mercantilist capitalism and industrial capitalism- has been developed not long ago in the form of a Marxist research programme. This study, following in the footsteps of operaismo (workerism), undertakes a post-operaist (post-workerist) investigation of the state of socio-economic affairs that has been widely transformed with the rise of a new historical system of accumulation in which the absorption of productive value of virtuosic and biopolitical labour takes an ever-increasing priority. In particular, this work aims to make theoretical and empirical contribution to the research programme of cognitive capitalism through an exploration of the emerging dynamics of the labour-capital relationship and, in parallel, the new form of antagonism traversing the contemporary capitalism, which is characterised by the increasing confrontation between biopolitical production and capitalist biopower. Based on a number of semi-structured interviews conducted with wage-workers, a case study in the field of digital economy, along with the holistic consideration of stylised-facts, the thesis argues for the mutation of capitalist mode of production from vampiric mode to parasitic mode as a form of counter-attack to the growing autonomy of social labour power. In the age of general intellect, it is brought forward, the long-lasting political mediation between living labour and dead labour manifests itself as increasingly untenable in consideration of the new technical composition of labour. By expanding on the social powers of virtuosos, recognised as the collective workers of the general intellect, as the real substance/flesh of socio-economic life, the discussion is furthered that the paradigmatic figures of restructured labour are well equipped with the capabilities, skills, and competencies that are adequate for the organisation of the political project of exodus towards human liberation.
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Celis, Bueno Claudio. "Towards an immanent critique of the attention economy : labour, time, and power in post-Fordist capitalism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74711/.
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This thesis develops an immanent critique of the concept of attention economy from the perspectives of labour, time, and power. The attention economy is a notion forged by authors belonging to the field of political economy in order to explain the growing value of human attention in societies characterised by post-industrial modes of production. In a world in which information and knowledge become central to the valorisation process of capital, human attention becomes a scarce and hence increasingly valuable commodity. At the same time, the attention economy turns human attention into a form of labour and hence into a new mechanism of capitalist exploitation. Using a series of contemporary readings of Marx (Postone; Lazzarato; Negri and Hardt;Deleuze and Guattari), this thesis develops a critique which does not simply apply Marxist categories to the object of the attention economy, but which uses the attention economy as a concrete object of analysis for reflecting upon both the validity and the importance of Marx‟s critique of political economy for a critique of contemporary capitalism. In other words, this research suggests that, although the attention economy has indeed turned human attention into a new form of labour, it is only through a systematic reinterpretation of Marx‟s categories that this claim can be fully grasped. This reinterpretation comprises two general aspects. Firstly, this thesis argues that the way in which the attention economy produces and exploits value puts into crisis the traditional category of labour based on an industrial mode of production and which relies solely on abstract labour time as its general equivalent. This calls for an analysis of the labour-value relation from the standpoint of the endogenous transformation of capitalism. Secondly, this thesis suggests that the attention economy operates as a concrete power mechanism which reterritorializes the unleashed productive powers in order to reproduce capital‟s command over human activity. This requires addressing the specific transformations of the diagram of power from disciplinary societies towhat Deleuze has defined as societies of control.
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Brown, Gareth Spencer. "Can a knife of shadows cut real flesh from a living tree? : the organisation of imaginal commons." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39923.
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This thesis is situated upon a terrain of global crisis that can be approached not only as an economic crisis but also as a crisis of the imagination. I take as my starting point the inability of either capitalism or the movements against capitalism to move beyond a failing neoliberalism. From here I investigate the imaginal processes involved in producing doubt regarding the necessity and permanence of existing forms of social organisation and in visualising and creating new ones. Approached through a genealogy of the imagination and the imaginary I develop a concept of the imaginal that corresponds neither to the individual faculty implication of the former nor to the unreality association of the latter. I draw on poetic methodologies such as the production of eeriness, negative capability, and the surrealist game, in order to understand how the imagination decomposes ossified concepts and social structures. I link these to arguments about the structure of time developed in the field of quantum physics to make a case that such processes correspond to a swelling of the real along spatial and temporal imaginal axes. Through a symptomatological analysis of a series of interviews with participants in newly formed radical anti-capitalist organisations, I identify and discuss a number of organisational practices and experiments aimed at the shifting of social relations whilst at the same time avoiding the formation of static and inadaptable structures. I bring a further theoretical angle to bear on these findings by engaging with the ideas of autonomised institution and the refrain. Lastly I reformulate the question as one of commons and enclosure, discussing commoning as a practice in antagonism with capital. I develop a set of ideas around the notion of the imaginal commons and the technologies of commoning that provide the possibility of its nurture and expansion.
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Balen, Maria Elisa. "Queuing in the sun, action at a distance : the social politics of a conditional cash transfer programme in Columbia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686609.
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This thesis seeks to convey the social rationale and experience of Familias en Accion, a major conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme in Colombia, 2000-2013. Combining actor-network theory and participant-action research, it identifies key controversies surrounding this particular CCT in the context of the prevalence of the CCT genre in social protection systems across Latin America and beyond. I analyse my material in terms of techniques and discourses around information, money/finance, women's empowerment, and changing modes of politics, with the more theoretical level of the account supported by a range of ethnographic material and 58+ interviews with designers, functionaries, participants and observers of this social policy as it played out in the Montes de Marfa region and in the country's capital, Bogota. These substantive and methodological contributions are regarded as having a wider purpose too, as I try to pursue the idea of sociology as map-making, thinking of this as what happens when the quest for social explanation has to flex in the face of situational and political complexity. Overall, the thesis argues that CCTs need to be grasped in terms of being traversed by the imperative of 'action at a distance'. This can rightly, in part, be regarded as a matter of the logic and pervasiveness of contemporary neoliberalism, but the thesis attempts to promote and explore a more pluralistic or inclusive approach to the politics of the social.
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Frediani, Alexandre Apsan. "Housing freedom, Amartya Sen and urban development policies : squatter settlement upgrading in Salvado da Bahia, Brazil." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491185.
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The World Bank has redirected its cOliceptualization of poverty based on income deprivation to one based on Amartya Sen's concept of 'development as freedom'. As yet, evidence is inconclusive on the impact of Sen's thinking, in practice, on the World Bank's urban programmes. Academics elaborating and applying Sen's concept of freedom have proposed the Capability Approach which aims at moving away from the income-led approach to development, by focusing on capabilities as instruments and outcome of the development process. In this context, this thesis contributes to the current discourse by examining the application ofSen's view of 'development as freedom' to the context of urban development. The concept of Housing Freedom is proposed as a framework to explore squatter upgrading interventions in terms of their ability to realize and expand capabilities. The thesis provides an evaluation of the impact of Sen's Capability Approach using research on a classic World Bank squatter upgrading project in Novos Alagados in Salvador, Brazil. A comparison is made with a community led upgrading initiative also in Salvador, in the neighbourhood of Calabar. This comparative evaluation unfolds key practical and theoretical issues about the conceptualisation and alleviation of poverty using Sen's thinking. The exploration of both squatter interventions through the Housing Freedom framework contributes to the clarification of the relationship between housing and poverty. This thesis argues that the World Bank urban policies are contradictory and inconsistent. Although reframing its conceptualisation of poverty to' one based on multiple aspects of deprivation, this thesis shows that the World Bank's housing policies are still focused on the enablement of markets. Ironically, the comparison between the squatter upgrading interventions in Novos Alagados and Calabar, reveals that the community led initiative has been a more effective executor of market enablement strategies than the World Bank funded project. This thesis argues that Sen's thinking could be proposed as an alternative to neoliberalism only by embracing collective and structural aspects of freedom. The methodological contribution of this thesis is to show that the framework of Housing Freedom applied through participatory methods, provides a valid context-related and multidimensional approach to the evaluation of squatter settlements. The thesis indicates, nonetheless, that the Capability Approach provides a comprehensive framework that safeguards the radical roots ofparticipatory methods. Finally, the thesis recognises that the application of Sen's concepts positively contributes to contemporary discourses ofdevelopment, particularly in relation to the Rights-based Approach, Livelihoods Approach and Social Exclusion analysis.
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Wood, Andrew. "Industrial development, social change and popular politics in the mining area of north west Derbyshire c. 1600-1700." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260396.
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Abernethy, Kirsten. "Fishing for what? : understanding fisher decision-making in southwest England." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/34629/.
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Nicholls, Tom. "How SME takeover targets affect regional productivity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55503/.
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This thesis uses a new data set (BSD) of nearly all British firms that allows the study of small businesses in a spatial context, with particular attention to the market for SME control. The aim is to understand whether this market contributes to the productivity gap between core (London and the South East) and peripheral regions in Britain. It might do so if larger firms attempted to compensate for a lack of internally generated innovation by acquiring and absorbing productive small enterprises. Regular culling of top performing small firms in the periphery by 'outside' businesses could then stunt a region's capacity for indigenous development. On the other hand, acquisition by larger firms (perhaps from the core) may enable SMEs to improve their performance and thereby enhance a region's economy. In fact contrary to the experience of large firms, more productive small businesses have a higher likelihood of being acquired -- although there is a lower rate of takeovers more generally in the peripheral regions than in London and the South East. Takeovers also increase the chances of SMEs exiting, but this effect is stronger for the core region as well. Takeovers raise productivity after acquisition but by less, or even with deleterious effects, for the most productive SMEs. Combining the rate of takeovers with their effect on exits and performance, the overall, net beneficial, impact on regional productivity from the targets of SME acquisitions is slightly larger in the core than in the periphery. This is due to the differential rate of takeovers between locations. Rather than regarding the effects on SMEs from acquisitions as harmful to periphery regions, policy makers should attempt to understand why takeovers are less frequent there, and consider ways of improving the operation of the market for small businesses, especially in the periphery.
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Williams, Keith Cledwyn. "Jaguar cars, 1980 to 1990 : illusion, delusion, or lost opportunity?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55861/.
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The Jaguar motor company in the 1980s under the leadership of John Egan attained an iconic status as a modem, revitalised company, being hailed as one of the great success stories of the decade. This view portrayed Jaguar as having resolved the quality and industrial relations problems that had developed during the period of the BL stewardship from 1968 to 1980, and which in consequence achieved record levels of sales volumes, and profits, before declining again after 1986. This thesis presents a revisionist view of the problems suffered by Jaguar during the 1980s, and the reasons why the company under the Egan management failed to resolve these. Building on the previous work of Lewchuk and Whisler it examines Jaguar's deficiencies in management, industrial relations, engineering, production, product quality, and marketing. Moreover, it reveals how these deficiencies were masked by a clever public relations programme by Jaguar which concealed both its failure to address many of its inherited problems, and the reasons for its decline after the launch of the new saloon car in 1986. There have been no academic works that have focused on Jaguar, and little has been written about Jaguar's quality problems, and the part played by its inadequate engineering function, under Egan. This thesis, therefore, might be seen as filling an obvious gap in the historiography of the British motor industry in general, and Jaguar in particular. The research to a large extent has been an exercise in oral history. However, the information obtained from interviews with an elite group of former executives of Ford or Jaguar, and other informed individuals, has been triangulated with published and unpublished primary sources such as Jaguar's Reports and Accounts, press releases, newspaper reports and articles, and official statistics.
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Jones, Bethan Lloyd. "Profile of a Welsh county coalfield - The Denbighshire Coalfield, 1850-1914." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55770/.
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During the nineteenth century the British coal industry fuelled industrial growth to such an extent that Great Britain was acknowledged as the most powerful industrial country in the world. Although the coal industry was dominated by the larger regional coalfields, e.g. south Wales, the smaller coalfields also made an important, albeit largely local, contribution. This contribution has, however, often been ignored most histories either concentrate on the larger coalfields or, if examining small coalfields, they have centred on a particular event or town rather than on examining the contribution of each coalfield as a whole. This thesis will partly redress this imbalance by undertaking a 'case study' of a small, county coalfield, Denbighshire. For official purposes, Denbighshire was never considered a coalfield in its own right, it was merely recognised as part of the north Wales 'coalfield'. It is, however, argued in this thesis that geological factors and its significance within the north Wales coalfield, mean that Denbighshire warrants consideration as a small coalfield in its own right. This thesis attempts to develop, for the first time, a definitive history of the coal industry in Denbighshire, 1850--1914, through the use of an archival approach. Source material, including company records, newspapers, personal letters and official statistics, was examined. The thesis considers not only the performance of the coalfield in terms of productivity and profitability but also the various stakeholders in the coalfield, i.e. those people who, either directly or indirectly, influenced, or were influenced by, the development of the Denbighshire coal industry. Apart from establishing that Denbighshire should be treated as a small coalfield in its own right, it is concluded that the performance of Denbighshire was comparable to that of other 'small' coalfields and that, although affected by similar influences to other coalfields, the extent of their impact could be different.
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Eldemerdash, Hany Mohamed Ali. "The effects of fiscal policy on the current account : an econometric analysis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1803.
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This study tests the relationship between the current account and fiscal policy for a group of small open developing economies with fixed exchange rate regime, some of which are oil exporters. Specifically, it tests the viewpoint of a Ricardian infinite-horizon representative agent model in which lower public savings are met by equal increases in private savings and as a result the current account does not respond to the changes in government spending, against the Keynesian's conventional viewpoint in which a fall in public savings has an adverse effect on the current account balance.
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Shen, Jing. "Inequalities in health and happiness in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1165.
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The PhD thesis investigates the issue of inequalities in health and happiness in Britain. Consisting of three empirical studies and one piece of conceptual modelling, the research undertakes new investigations into health inequalities using longitudinal data. Carried out from a new angle – the life-course perspective, the studies adopt new methods including entropy measures, relative distributions and quantile regression to examine inequalities in the broader sense of health – mental health, psychological wellbeing and the related concept of happiness, in addition to physical health. Robust and reliable measures of inequalities in health should first be established before any investigations of health inequalities being carried out and this research shows that new methods need to be applied in addition to the traditional methods in order to overcome the flaws of the old methods and provide new insights into the issue of health inequalities. The life-course approach reveals that parental income and birth weight play important roles in respondents’ adulthood health inequality in addition to a range of socioeconomic factors, although parental income is only significant in wave 7 whereas birth weight is only significant and has more contribution in wave 4. With the application of the relative distributions method, the empirical study identifies that shape change rather than location change in the self-assessed health (SAH) distribution causes lower average SAH. Extending the analysis of inequalities in physical health to psychological wellbeing, women in England are found to be less happy than men mainly due to polarization occurring in the female population compared to men. Both the relative distributions method and quantile regression have confirmed the effects of some socioeconomic factors on psychological wellbeing and extended to happiness, however, the general trend of the psychological side of health or happiness over time cannot be concluded. Nevertheless, the relative distributions method is shown to perform well in understanding how the psychological health variable is distributed across the entire distribution over time. This research also contributes to a further examination of the relationship between income inequality and health, and the results continue to be mixed, although longstanding illness and Malaise Inventory appear to be more affected by income inequality than SAH and the choice of different indicators of income inequality seems to be important. Furthermore, a conceptual model is established in the thesis to provide a better understanding of the concepts involving health and happiness, which is believed to be the first attempt of its kind in the literature.
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Hanrahan, Eoghan. "The Linkage between Innovation Policy and Economic Performance in Ireland." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486663.
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Economic prosperity is not exclusively attributable to R&D and innovation, but innovation is an important factor in supporting economic growth. Every day companies across Europe face· significant challenges which include technological challenges. The technological challenges require responses and solutions if companies are to compete in a global knowledge based economy, but innovative solutions are required and with that comes risk. For some companies the risks are too high and governments incentivise them to carry out R&D projects. Ireland, like other economies, offers a number of support mechanisms to aid companies in their R&D endeavours. This thesis sets out to assess the impact and implications of government support mechanisms on R&D. The literature is analysed to examine the arguments in favour of and against government support for companies. In relation to Ireland, the thesis examines the Research Technology and Innovation (RTI) Initiative. The objective is to ascertain if the State is getting a commensurate return on its investment, and if this model will be appropriate for an economy that is in transition from a manufacturing to a knowledge based economy. ' In examining state support for R&D there are implications for 'innovation policy' and 'innovation management'. What is clear from interviewing a sample of RTI companies, using the University of Brighton Capability Assessment Tool (CAT), is that, while R&D funding is useful, for most companies undertaking R&D it is not essential. From an 'innovation management' perspective, the companies interviewed have to overcome significant deficiencies. The CAT revealed weaknesses in companies in their capability to successfully complete R&D projects, e.g. weaknesses in the technological capability of companies, the learning processes associated with R&D and the overall approach to managing R&D projects. Considering that most of the companies interviewed were categorised as 'high level performers' this does not auger well for the majority of companies that are not as technically advanced. From an 'innovation policy' point of view, there needs to be a focus on supporting 'technology based R&D'. Innovation policy initiatives need to provide financial aid and also target the deficiencies in the R&D capability of companies. While the funding is available to support low level R&D, and it is useful to get companies to start doing R&D, there needs to be a step change in the standard of R&D supported if Ireland is to remain competitive. The deadweight needs t6 be reduced and the level of return on R&D expenditure needs to be reviewed. Governments need to continue to support companies to do R&D, but it is argued that the R&D offering should be more sophisticated, and the criteria for eligibility for support needs to be based on technical merit rather than on political or short term commercial decisions.
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Parry, Stephen. "History of the steel industry in the Port Talbot Area 1900-1988." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2591/.
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This thesis examines the history of steelmaking at Port Talbot in South Wales from the start of modern steelmaking in 1902 to 1988. Although the British steel industry has been studied at national level, few studies have looked at company level and fewer on plant level studies. By studying this large and significant steelmaking site this thesis sheds light on the interaction between national constraints and local forces for change or inertia and on the interaction of plant management, industry leadership and national Government policies. A number of themes are examined including issues of locational inertia and change; technological innovation and choice; relationships to, and changes in markets; products and demand levels; the role of the state; and issues of decision making. The later includes managers, management structure, conflict among managers, corporate rivalries, relationships with banks and Government, and within nationalised industries. The thesis covers the origins of modern steelmaking at Port Talbot in the 1900s, its expansion and integration with iron making during World War One. It looks at Port Talbot within the framework of heavy steel rationalisation in the 1920s and the inconclusive manoeuvrings to build a strip mill in the 1930s. After World Ward Two Port Talbot emerged as Britain’s leading strip mill through a complex interplay of technological and locational choices including Government pressure and corporate rivalries. The boom years of the 1950s were followed by consolidation and modernisation in the 1960s through the Government inspired over expansion of the strip mill sector. After re-nationalisation in 1967 Port Talbot became involved in internal struggles with rival strip mills over investment. At each stage the thesis uses the detailed local adaptation and innovation within that context. The thesis draws on extensive primary sources including the National Archives, Government Reports and documents, company records, Bank of England papers, trade papers, technical journals, trade union papers and local newspapers. The secondary literature on the steel industry is discussed and revised where appropriate and this study adds a full-scale plant level industrial history of one of the most important British steelworks to this literature.
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Hillman, Anne. "Common rights to stone, coaland peat, in the barony of Kendal before and after enclosure." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533354.
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Harrison, John. "Regions in focus: a 'new regionalist' interpretation of England's northwest." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571644.
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Evans, C. L. "The separation of work and home? : the case of the Lancashire textiles 1825-1865." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511493.
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Keast, Sarah-Jane. "A bi-regional CGE model of the South West housing market." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2127.
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Volatility within the UK housing market is thought to be a significant factor driving instability in the wider macro economy. Research investigating the characteristics and behaviour of the housing market has suggested that under supply of housing is one of the key reasons for the high and increasing levels of house prices the nation has recently been experiencing. Consequently, much of the current government's housing policy is aimed at increasing the level of supply by reforming the planning system and increasing investment in the development of new housing. Under supply is also a major concern at the regional level, particularly in the South West, where net inward migration, growth in the number of single person households and growth in the numbers of second homes is placing increasing pressure on the housing market. Understanding the likely effects of any policy changes prior to their implementation is vitally important for a successful outcome and to that end economic analysis has played a significant role in the development of policy at the national level. However, this is not the case at the regional and sub-regional levels where only limited use of economic analysis techniques have been made, partly due to resource issues and partly due to the lack of regional data. In order to partially address the lack of analysis of the regional impacts of the latest housing policies, this study is based upon the development of a mathematical economic model of the South West housing market. This model is then used to estimate the likely impacts of increasing housing supply at both the regional and broad sub-regional levels.
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Sipilä, Venla Helena. "Currency crises in Eastern European transition economies, explaining Russia 1998." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504592.
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The thesis analyses the Russian currency crisis in August 1998. The crisis is placed in the context of theoretical and empirical literature, taking into account the lessons from the Asian crisis in 1997-1998. The relative importance of economic fundamentals, expectations, structural issues, external effects, liquidity problems and institutional deficiencies as causes for the Russian crisis is assessed. It is found the Russian crisis does not adequately fit any of the existing theoretical approaches. The crises in the currency and financial markets were inseparably intertwined with the fiscal problems. However, the seminal second-generation model of Obstfeld can be used as a starting point for theoretical analysis with some modifications. I demonstrate how these modifications can be implemented to capture the specific conditions of an economy like Russia, i.e., one which is characterised by the shallow financial sector and the inadequate fiscal sector. In our quest to explain the tight link between the currency and the banking sector, we point to the core problems of Russian economic transition, including challenges with structural reforms and institutional development. It is argued that the Russian crisis is best treated as a triple crisis, involving the currency markets, the banking sector and weak public finances. In addition, our analysis helps in assessing Russia's overall economic transition process, while it also has implications for the country's current reform challenges, macroeconomic situation and general economic prospects. The crisis is also put into a more general empirical setting. Following Eichengreen, Rose and Wyplosz, exchange rate pressure indices for 21 Eastern European transition economies in 1992-98 are calculated and the behaviour of key macroeconomic fundamentals during crisis and non-crisis periods is analysed by non-parametric econometric testing. No firm evidence of first-generation patterns is found. On the other hand, the analysis provides cautious support for the finding that intermediate exchange rate regimes are more crisis-prone than either free floats or very tight pegs.
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Newton, Lucy Ann. "The finance of manufacturing industry in the Sheffield area, c.1850-1885." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7674.
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The thesis analyses the finance of manufacturing in Sheffield's economic region between 1850 and 1885, concentrating upon its main trades. Industrialists had to cope financially with both national economic fluctuations, especially the early 1870s boom and the depression of 1874-79, and rapid changes in technology. Cyclical expansion, survival during a slump, or the adoption of new techniques, all required financing. Initially, to determine financial demand, the scale and structure of manufacturing was considered and comparisons drawn between 1850 and 1885. The demand for funds has also been reviewed through study of five particular local firms. From the supply side, undertakings which adopted limited liability as a form of organisation and a method of financing were analysed with respect to geographical and social sources of subscriptions, together with provincial banks in terms of their particular provision of funds. The research is empirically based and analysis has involved the extensive use of computer software. The work has revealed a continuing, interrelated pattern of very localised manufacturing, banks and system of finance. Indeed, the financial system mirrored the area's productive structure. Industry remained predominantly small-scale and banks continued to operate at a parochial level. Consequently, a regional financial network has been revealed which, along with the plough-back of profits, generally appears to have provided manufacturing with adequate funds. This system came under strain, however, especially when the banks could not adequately meet the needs of either the few large-scale firms that emerged, or, more generally, demand during the deep cyclical slump of 1874-79. Therefore, the thesis provides a wide ranging analysis of the finance and organisation of industry in the Sheffield region - an area of considerable industrial importance - during the mid-nineteenth century, a period of incomplete transition from the workshop to the factory.
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Hill, Trevor G. "From packhorse to railway : changing transport systems from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries and their impact upon trade and industry in the Shropshire area." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8385.
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This thesis considers the development of transport networks from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries with particular reference to the county of Shropshire and its wider hinterland, which has been designated `The Shropshire Area'. It examines how road-transport networks evolved in the Shropshire area during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and how links were formed with other areas of Britain. It questions historical assumptions which have been made about the viability of road transport systems, and explores the difficulties which can be experienced by scholars who attempt to measure the growth of carrier systems. The development of transport on navigable rivers and canals, and their links to coastal shipping are explored and how with road-transport they formed an integrated transport system. Further it considers how these integrated networks were a factor in the development. of specialized areas of production and manufacture. In the nineteenth century Shropshire the impact of the railways on the existing road and waterway systems is studied and in particular how the evolution of new networks affected the economy, industry, culture and the population of towns and their hinterlands. Overall this thesis takes a holistic view of local history, by placing the particular within the general and by using the study of transport systems as a unifying theme around which other socio-economic topics are explored.
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Crouch, Patrick John. "Entrepreneurs, manufactories and small industrial communities, 1850-1914." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9394.
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The continuous industrialisation of Britain following the so called industrial revolution affected both large urban towns as well as small semi-urban communities. The financial advantages of mass production, during the second half of the nineteenth century, caused many manufacturing companies to be formed and various existing businesses grew to extensive sized firms. The main purpose of this thesis is a comparative study into the development of four industrial company communities in four rural towns. Samuel Courtauld and Company at Halstead, and R. Hunt and Company at Earls Colne, both in north west Essex, D. Gurteen and Sons at Haverhill, south West Suffolk and Richard Garrett and Company at Leiston, East Suffolk. A holistic approach is taken, not only in the way the communities evolved into urbanised towns dominated by the companies’ entrepreneurs, but also how, by sheer entrepreneurial skills, these businessmen created extensive industrial international companies. Without the prosperity brought about by the success of their businesses, no company community could have been created. Thus the entrepreneurial skills of these family businessmen were critical to running their businesses and dominating their towns. The ‘family firm’ was the crucial element that drove the four case study entrepreneurs and the one that dictated many of their successful strategies and policies. A thorough synthesis of the literature of company communities, nationwide, allowed these four study towns to be compared and contrasted to the mass of differing communities in size and character. One key research question, thrown up by this thesis, is whether small to medium sized company communities were distinctive or simply mimicked the characteristics of the larger and better known examples of Saltaire, Port Sunlight or Bourneville. Underlying this is the view that smaller companies have been neglected by historians and as a result may have been more common than is generally recognised.
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Anderson, Judith Anne. "Derby porcelain and the early English fine ceramic industry, c.1750-1830." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7941.
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This thesis sets out to give contemporary commercial context to a luxury business, whose products have been traditionally studied as art-objects. The provincial firm, under the Duesburys, was the country's pre-eminent producer of fine porcelain from c. 1770, a position no other domestic manufactory rivalled for twenty years. But its success was not easily achieved: the proprietors regularly adapted their business. This work identifies such changes, and seeks to establish their causes: were they proprietorially led, or a reaction to some external influence? Importantly, the Duesburys' domination coincided with a period of general industrial and commercial transition, when luxury crafts were in decline, but before mass-production; when the capital was losing its industry to newer, specialised regional production centres like Staffordshire; and when London no longer dominated the fashionable market, as provincial towns became increasingly gentrified. Distinct themes are analysed: the nature of the luxury market and the role of fine ceramics (the growth of 'alternative' consumer luxuries and the middle-class market, combined with the shift from rococo to neoclassical design); marketing and distribution, and the role of the Duesburys' London showroom (the manager's letters and accounts provide rare detail on sales); fashionable ceramics and the competition and cooperation within the fine-ceramic sector (notably the competition from France after the 1786 trade treaty, and relationships with Wedgwood and Flight of Worcester); the location of the Derby China Works, and the sourcing of raw materials (including communications and the role of the Derby Philosophical Society); and human and financial resources. While porcelain production did not benefit from macro-inventions like, for example, the textile industry, the Duesburys' relatively small-volume luxury manufacture allowed a sophisticated use of the infrastructure of the early Industrial Revolution. By contrast, Duesbury II's partner, Kean, during the extended war years, was later obliged to exert more commercial rigour and scale to the firm.
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Raven, Neil David. "Manufacturing and trades : the urban economies of the north Essex cloth towns c1770-1851." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8432.
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The thesis seeks to contribute to the study of the urban economies of the small, slow growing towns of the late Georgian and early Victorian period. This is undertaken at two levels. First, consideration is given to sources. A number of mainly quantitative sources became available from the later 18th century. Four principal ones are identified. Each of the main chapters deals with one of these; evaluating the information contained and considering methods by which this can be used to assess the character and prosperity of the small town urban economy. At the second level the thesis applies these methodologies to a case study of three north Essex cloth towns. Despite experiencing the transition to factory-based production, these towns did not witness the associated urban expansion. A two-part hypothesis is advanced to explain this phenomenon. The first suggests that differences in economic orientation existed between the case study towns and their rapidly growing counterparts in the north; the second, that the dominance of these non-industrial activities restrained the extent to which industry in the Essex towns grew. Results gained from application of the sources to the case study are shown to support the hypothesis. First, in contrast to towns such as Halifax and Macclesfield, marketing and thoroughfare functions formed the staple economic activities of the Essex towns. Second, the Essex silk manufacturers pursued a low wage policy requiring expansion of production through the establishment of additional mills in other settlements. This policy is shown to have been a rational response to local labour markets created by the operation of the towns as agricultural marketing and thoroughfare centres. In concluding similar observations are made for other towns in southern England.
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Campbell, Peter Robert. "A catachresis of creativity? : Liverpool '08, culture-led regeneration, and the creative industries." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540062.
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Gilmartin, Michelle. "Evaluating the economy-wide impact of demand and supply disturbances in the UK : a Computable General Equilibrium analysis of current regional and national policy concerns." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11867.
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Dollimore, Denise Ellen. "Darwinian evolutionary ideas in business economics and organization studies." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14978.
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This thesis is a study of the use of Darwinian evolutionary ideas in business economics and organization studies. Mindful of the explosion of evolutionary rhetoric in the socio-economic domain over the last three decades and informed by the modern generalized Darwinian perspective, the research has been focused on the evaluation of the precise nature and extent of use of Darwinian ideas in three of the most influential evolutionary accounts in these disciplines. Notably, Nelson and Winter’s Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (1982), Hannan and Freeman’s Organizational Ecology (1989), and Howard Aldrich’s Organizations Evolving (1999). It is a work of comparative theory. Also since 1980, theoretical and conceptual advances in evolutionary theory confirmed the generic nature of Darwinian theory and provided generalized terms for its articulation. Whilst some major criticisms of Darwinism are easily dismissed, significantly scholars have shown that Lamarckian acquired character inheritance must be accommodated within the meta-theoretical framework of Darwinism. This study shows that whilst the damaging rhetoric of ‘Social Darwinism’ continues to discourage widespread active engagement with Darwinian theory, the pervasive implicit or ‘covert’ adoption of Darwinian ideas by social scientists nevertheless clearly endorses its general nature, confirms a Darwinian social ontology and underlines the inevitability of Darwinism in the socio-cultural domain. Following a detailed exposition of general Darwinism, this study presents a forensic comparative evaluation of the evolutionary theories under study, highlighting theoretical gaps and inconsistencies, and demonstrating their resolution within the Darwinian framework. Through the systematic application and dissection of these disparate theories, one of which is labelled ‘Lamarckian’, the analysis shows the deep extent to which they all are Darwinian. And furthermore, underlining the promise of the Darwinian system for yielding further results, the study clearly illustrates the importance of the explicit adoption of modern Darwinian concepts for helping scholars to understand the complex evolutionary processes they seek to explain.
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O'Malley, Chris. "FDI location decisions in R&D : the case of Ireland." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507004.
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Halpin, Laura. "Developing rural Irelandthe politicisation and impacts of European and Irish structural policies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536891.
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Colclough, Dyan. "Manufacturing Childhood: The Contribution of Child Labour to the Success of the British Theatrical Industry 1875-1903." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486851.
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This thesis evaluates the contribution of theatrical child labour to the success of commercially provided, performance-based leisure, 1875-1903. The public childhood of the theatrical child is compared to the aspirational ideals of private childhood that the government and other agencies wanted for Victorian children. Discussion takes place through an assessment of two historiographies; that of commercially provided, performance-based leisure and that around the emergence of . , the late nineteenth-century cult of the child. It is argued that the preoccupation with children was not as child-centred as it appeared to be. The new focus on childhood was equally beneficial to adults. The theatrical industry was strongly placed to trade on societY's obsession with the child in order to secure profits. Theatrical employment offered children an increasingly rare opportunity to contribute to the household economy arid to elevate their own and their families' social status but this was offset by the demanding nature ofthe~e work. The tension between this and contemporary concerns for child welfare underpinned action on behalf of stage children from two very different directions. This was countered by theatrical employers who adopted strategies to protect and retain one ofthe industry's most valuable assets. This translated into a collective network of support for the continued employment of theatrical children. The thesis establishes that adult demands on theatrical children, prevented the latter from experiencing the idealised childhood Victorian society aspired to. Children made a significant contribution to the success of the theatrical industry and in return, the industry compromised the private life ofthe theatrical child and exploited its labour.
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Gregson, Geoffrey G. "Evaluating a regional support network for technology-based entrepreneurship : The case of Connect Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534757.
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Welford, Judith. "Functional goods and fancies : the production and consumption of consumer goods in Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne and Durham c.1680-1780." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/327/.
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This thesis explores the place of consumer goods in the culturally changing environment of late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain. It specifically focuses on the production and consumption of consumer goods in Northumberland, Newcastle and Durham between c. 1680 to 1780. It places the region in a national context and analyses how the diffusion of national taste encouraged the production and consumption of consumer goods in Newcastle, Northumberland and Durham. Chapter One outlines the historical context, theoretical problems and research questions that frame this thesis. Chapter Two creates an overview of the regional economy. It maps the establishment of consumer industries and discusses their geographical location. Chapter Three analyses the supply side factors that allowed the development of multiple industries. It considers the use of the region’s natural raw materials, the importation of raw materials, the role of indigenous landowners and merchant-gentry in the consumer industries, and the movement of skilled craftsmen to the region. Chapter Four focuses on the products manufactured in the local industries. It details the cultural changes that encouraged the creation of new types of consumer goods and analyses the markets these products were destined for. Chapter Five analyses Newcastle’s connection to other region’s in Britain through the coasting trade. It details the expansion of vessels destined for the Tyne and variety of products entering Newcastle, especially those from London. Chapter Six focuses on retailing, the lynch-pin connecting production and consumption. It traces the chronological growth of retailing and the gradual transition of facilities in the region in response to the availability of consumer goods. Chapter Seven considers the adoption and ownership of new good by the region’s middling sorts. Chapter Eight analyses ownership and consumption in a more qualitative manner focusing on individuality, debtors and paupers, and consumption of local goods by indigenous gentry.
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Brown, John William. "Lead production on the northeast periphery : a study of the Bowes family estate, c.1550-1771." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/558/.
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This is a study of a family estate’s relationship with a high value mineral product. It aims to fill a knowledge gap in the extractive industry’s history in the Northeast by examining the lead production process on Bowes’ lands. The behaviour of the landowner as mineral lord and the extent of any individual’s role is the over-arching theme. It involves the study of the gentry as entrepreneur, and the key role of the estate steward. The economic relationship between the region and the nation is also illuminated through the Bowes family’s activities in both the North-East and London. The main focus is on the Bowes estate between 1720 and 1760 as this was the period when George Bowes was actively involved in developing the lead mining industry on his estates in North-East England. The chapters that follow examine the Bowes family’s relationship with lead between 1550 and 1771. Chapter 2 attempts to establish the roots of this relationship in the sixteenth century; Chapter 3 focuses on the swing to inactivity in the lead business during the first half of the seventeenth century, followed by less passive involvement from the late 1670s into the early eighteenth century. The period of George Bowes patriarchy then becomes the focus of the thesis: Chapter 4 discusses the organisation and management of lead production on the Bowes estate in the mid-eighteenth century; Chapter 5 the development of lead mining; Chapter 6 smelting and related activities; Chapter 7 the lead market and carriage; chapter 8 the role of George Bowes; and Chapter 9 the transitional period between 1760 and 1771 prior to the arrival of the London Lead Company.
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Greenhall, Matthew Richard. "The evolution of the British economy : Anglo-Scottish trade and political union, an inter-regional perspective, 1580-1750." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/635/.
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The Evolution of the British Economy: Anglo-Scottish Trade and Political Union, an Inter-Regional Perspective, 1580-1750. Matthew Richard Greenhall This thesis examines the nature and extent of Anglo-Scottish trade over the course of regal and political union between 1580 and 1750. It assesses whether the Unions of 1603, 1654 and 1707 had a tangible impact upon Anglo-Scottish coastal and cross-border trade between north-eastern England (north of the Tees) and southern and eastern Scotland (east of the Moray Firth). It considers how industrial similarity between the Tyne, Wear and the Forth affected the trade between them and how these related to wider networks of domestic and overseas commerce. In doing so, it offers a marriage between the study of Anglo-Scottish political and economic relations, whilst demonstrating the need for an economic arm of the New British History which acknowledges regional variation. It concludes that the regional economies of north-eastern England and southern and eastern Scotland moved from a position of carboniferous-based competition in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries, to one of increasing integration and complementary trading in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries, something hastened by the Parliamentary Union of 1707. It identifies an immediate change in the level and nature of trade following the Unions of 1603, 1654 and 1707, particularly in relation to the variety of commodities traded and the logistics of commerce. It also determines that political Union was only one influence amongst many over Anglo-Scottish trade and that the differences in the English and Scottish customs systems, fiscal protectionism, and the presence of international war, were all important external factors. In offering an analysis of early-modern trade, it also assesses the usefulness of both English and Scottish ports books for the economic historian, and the important role played by the customs system in state formation and the regulation of commerce.
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Carson, J. "The Importance of Legislation in the Emergence of British Insurance Giants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517249.
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Coyle, Christopher. "Essays in UK financial development and stability over the long run." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601118.
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This thesis consists of two essays. The first essay of this thesis examines the role of creditor protection in the development of the UK corporate bond market. This market grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century, but in the twentieth century it experienced a reversal, albeit with a short-lived post-1945 renaissance. Such was the extent of the reversal that the market from the 1970s onwards was smaller than it had been in 1870. I find that law does not explain the variation in the size of this market over time. Alternatively, my evidence suggests that inflation and taxation policies were major drivers of this market in the twentieth century. The second essay analyses 181 years of share price history to assess the long-run stability of the British banking system, the macroeconomic indicators of this instability, as well as the consequences of banking instability for the cost of credit. While there were various degrees of banking instability throughout this sample period, the majority of this could be described as mild instability. The recent crisis of 2007/8 is the only stand-out severe crisis in the sample. I find that interest rates, inflation, and asset market prices are consistently significant triggers of banking instability. Furthermore, my main finding is that there is a significant relationship between banking instability and the cost of credit UK businesses face over the long-run.
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Muir, A. E. "Paper manufacture in Ireland, c.1690-1825, with particular reference to the north of Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546341.
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Campbell, F. G. "The Railway Mania : Not so Great Expectations?" Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517018.
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Hackett, C. P. "Dependent States, Global Capital and the Capacity to Regulate : Why can't small open countries like Ireland have Robust Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527708.
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Mayoh, C. R. "Catalysing the Growth of the Green Economy : The Environmental Goods and Services Industry and the Implementation of Sustainable Development." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517549.
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Arjona, David Rojo. "Salience in strategic choices." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554300.
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Schelling proposes salience as a solution to the problem of multiplicity of equilibria and focal point as equilibrium concept. Salience in strategic situations refers to those choices with psychological appeal. Given the experimental evidence, theories ignoring salience might suffer from a bias of omitted variables. This requires correction, because salience relates to one of the central topics in economics - bargaining. This thesis examines and tests two candidate theories to explain behaviour in games with salience: team-reasoning and, especially, level-k. In particular, this thesis offers two methods to produce experimental, falsifiable tests. The first method pursues the independent identification of the concept behind salience - what is a focal point? (chapter 2) - which helps to address a possible puzzle in the empirical literature: apparent differences between coordination games. In particular, two games are studied: open sets (Mehta et al. 1994) - e.g. "Choose an animal" - and closed sets (Bardsley et al. 2010) - e.g. "Choose one of the following animals: dog, cat, lion, tiger, monkey". This identification allows the best-rule hypothesis of team-reasoning to be tested (chapter 3). The second method uses the fact that level 0 is the same across different games with the same non- strategic features and, therefore, identifiable through pure coordination games. Clear predictions about what higher levels do can then be drawn, and tested, in the rest of the games (chapter 4). The main results are as follows. First, focal points are related with prototypicality and typicality. There are differences between sets; and coordination is higher in open sets because concepts explaining coordination are more correlated. Second, although level-k finds support in both open and closed sets, team-reasoning can now be discarded in closed sets. And, more generally, doubts about level-k are cast, because unexplained and systematic deviations are found.
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Snowdon, Ria. "Georgian women and the business of print : Family, gender and the provincial press of Northern England, 1700-1850." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531741.
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Edwards, Ian Frederick. "The role of finance in Britain's economic decline." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509825.
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Sahin, Sila. "Britain and the sterling float in 1972." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578268.
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Abdy, Justin Gordon. "Higher education in Wales : who goes and who gains?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531192.
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Barley, Simon L. "Hand tool manufacture during the Industrial Revolution : sawmaking in Sheffield c.1750-c.1830." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490327.
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This thesis is the first study of one of Britain's mcuor hand tool industries, saw manufactming, between it., Sheflield Oligins in the mid-18d • century and its rapid development, at the expense of the older centres of the industry in London and Binningham, to a dominating position by 1830. 'I'he reasons for this pre-eminence are shown to lie in factors the combination of which was unique to Sheflield: the most imp0l1ant were the production of a new form of steel (crucible cast), extensive water powered metal-working f~lcilities, special local grindstone production, and a centuries-long tradition of secondary metal-wares, especially cutlery. Saw manuf~lcturing, previously unknown there, was taken up from 1757 onwards by a small number of Sheflield's most prosperous and innovative entrepreneurs, one of whom, Joseph vVilson, has left an archive of largely unexamined documents that have enabled the historical reconsuuction of his businesses from 1746-1775. Wilson's records, and otller original sources, show that saw making was usually closely associated with steel making, and that the use of crucible steel, together with the rolling of the steel plate for saw blades, at once lowered the price of saws by about one tlIird. Rapid expansion of the industry followed, and by about 1830 tliere were more saw-making firms in Sheflield (almost 70) than in the whole of the rest of Britain combined. Fmther documents from two firms of the 1820s have been used to show that Sheflield's saw makers were mctior exporters to Europe and North America. 'The scale and speed of the saw industry's rise are used to argue tliat regional development during the study period could be extremely rapid and yet be unrecognised in national, aggregated statistics, lending support to those who argue that if the whole picture could be examined, economic growth of imp0l1ant parts of the economy from 1760-1830 was neither gradual nor slow. Sheflield's sawmakers were fi'om the 1760s making a wide range of tools. Their sophisticated marketing techniques, offering many diflcrent qualities of products aimed at purchasers from working carpenters to gentlemen of leisure, closely resemble tllOse of other retail trades of the period. Former research into other branches of hand tool manufacture would provide more detail about the essential tools of the era before machinery.
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Brumhead, Derek Derwent. "The economic history of New Mills in Bowden Middlecale c1640-1876." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511321.
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Metcalfe, Matthew Paul. "Business in Interwar Lancashire : Profiles from Five Districts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509053.
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Braddock, Peter. "The political economy of coal : A comparative analysis of the british and german mining industries, c 1918-38." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511243.
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Elshamy, Hany M. "Productivity growth in the small firm sector in UK manufacturing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506231.
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