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1
GONÇALVES, PAULO DE SOUZA, LUIZ ALBERTO SAES, EDSON LUIZ FURTADO, ROSANA SAMBUGARO, and MAURO SAKAI. "Clones promissores de seringueira para a região do Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 35, no. 12 (December 2000): 2343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2000001200004.
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Este trabalho objetivou apresentar resultados da primeira seleção de clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.Arg.) da série IAC 300, e amazônicos das séries IAN e Fx, em experimento de pequena escala, visando produção, crescimento e resistência ao mal-das-folhas. A produção e o vigor de 20 clones foram avaliados por dois e nove anos, respectivamente, em PariqüeraAçú, no Vale do Ribeira, SP. Os clones IAC 301, IAC 304, IAC 306 e IAC 319 produziram satisfatoriamente nos dois primeiros anos de sangria. Os clones amazônicos IAN 6323, Fx 3864 e IAN 2903, com produções de 1.078 kg, 945 kg e 900 kg/ha/ano, respectivamente, foram superiores à testemunha IAN 873 (878 kg/ha/ano). Os clones selecionados apresentaram crescimento vigoroso, com extremos de perímetro do caule, na abertura do painel, de 37,40 cm (IAN 4493) a 53,75 cm (IAN 6323), e percentual de plantas aptas à sangria de 7,0% (IAN 4493) a 100% (IAN 6323 e IAC 302), exceto os clones Fx 3899 e IAN 3044. O IAC 315, com 7,37 mm, mostrou maior espessura de casca virgem que o IAN 873 (6,44 mm). Os clones IAC 320, IAC 306 e IAC 315 foram os mais resistentes ao Microcyclus ulei.
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Onoda, Akira, Yuta Tanaka, Toshikazu Ono, Shotaro Takeuchi, Akira Sakai, and Takashi Hayashi. "Myoglobin-based non-precious metal carbon catalysts for an oxygen reduction reaction." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 01-03 (January 2015): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842461550039x.
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A non-precious metal catalyst (NPMC) promoting a four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was synthesized by heat treatment of myoglobin (Mb) containing a heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) as a source of iron, nitrogen, and carbon atoms. Samples of the mixture of Mb and carbon black (Vulcan XC72R: VC) were pyrolyzed at 740, 840, 940, 1040 or 1140°C under N 2 flow. The microstructures of the carbonized Mb catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and TEM. Results indicate that the iron-containing active site is embedded within the surface structure in an amorphous domain of the carbon materials. The catalyst ink in a 0.05 wt% Nafion solution in isopropanol was coated onto a glassy carbon electrode and the ORR activity of Mb-based NPMCs was evaluated in a rotating disk electrode experiment in an O 2-saturated 0.1 M HClO 4 solution at 25°C. The catalyst synthesized at 940°C has the highest ORR activity in terms of the onset potential and the current density. In contrast, pyrolytic temperatures above 940°C decrease the activity, suggesting that the active structure of the catalyst apparently decomposes at higher temperatures. The Koutecky–Levich plots indicate that the Mb-based catalyst prepared at 940°C catalyzes four-electron ORR (n = ca. 4). The catalysts prepared at other temperatures have n values of 3.6 at 740°C, 3.7 at 840°C, and 2.9 at 1040°C. The ORR of Mb/VC is diffusion-controlled at potentials lower than 0.3 V (vs. RHE) and the onset potential is 0.84 ± 0.01 V.
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Alansari, Bader M. "INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF AN ARABIC ADAPTATION OF THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS IN EIGHTEEN ARAB COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.4.425.
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This study examined the adequacy and consistency of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory using an Arabic version of the BDI-II developed by Ghareeb (2000). Coefficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, U.A. Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Morocco (n = 600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706, respectively). Values of alpha ranged between .82-.93. The inventory seems viable in the Arabic context, its use in cross-cultural research may be explored.
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Rhee, Connie M., Miklos Z. Molnar, Wei Ling Lau, Vanessa Ravel, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Rajnish Mehrotra, and Kamyar Kalantar–Zadeh. "Comparative Mortality–Predictability Using Alkaline Phosphatase and Parathyroid Hormone in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 34, no. 7 (November 2014): 732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00110.
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BackgroundIn hemodialysis (HD) patients, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) derangements are associated with mortality, but outcome-predictability using ALP and PTH in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains uncertain.MethodsIn a cohort of 9244 adult PD patients from a large national dialysis organization (entry period 2001 – 2006, with follow-up through 2009), we used multivariable Cox models adjusted for case-mix and laboratory covariates to examine the associations of time-averaged ALP and PTH with all-cause mortality. We then compared mortality-predictability using ALP and PTH in 9244 PD and 99 323 HD patients.ResultsIn PD patients, ALP concentrations exceeding 150 U/L were associated with increased mortality (reference ALP: 70 to <90 U/L). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.18 (1.03 to 1.36), 1.27 (1.08 to 1.50), 1.49 (1.23 to 1.79), and 1.35 (1.19 to 1.53) for ALP concentrations of 150 to <170 U/L, 170 to <190 U/L, 190 to <210 U/L, and ≥210 U/L respectively. In contrast, we observed a U-shaped association between PTH concentration and death risk in PD patients, with PTH concentrations of less than 200 pg/mL and 700 pg/mL or more associated with increased mortality (reference PTH: 200 to <300 pg/mL). Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were 1.25 (1.12 to 1.41), 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23), 1.06 (0.96 to 1.18), 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24), 1.12 (0.97 to 1.29), 1.18 (0.99 to 1.40), and 1.23 (1.09 to 1.38) for PTH concentrations of <100 pg/mL, 100 to <200 pg/mL, 300 to <400 pg/mL, 400 to <500 pg/mL, 500 to <600 pg/mL, 600 to <700 pg/mL, and ≥700 pg/mL respectively. Compared with PD patients having serum concentrations of ALP and PTH within reference ranges, patients on HD experienced increased mortality across all ALP and PTH concentrations, particularly those in the lowest and highest categories.ConclusionsIn summary, higher ALP concentrations are associated with increased mortality, and lower and higher PTH concentrations are both associated with death risk in PD patients. The utility of ALP in the management of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorders in PD patients warrants further study.
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Delly, J., K. Mizuno, T. E. B. Soesilo, and M. Gozan. "The Seawater Heavy Metal Content of the Mining Port Close to the Residential Area in the Morowali District." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012019.
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Abstract Mining port operations are complex and can cause various forms of pollution. Analysis of seawater pollution from mining ports is required and complicated because of the various types of pollution, sources, effects, and different characteristics. This study examines the content of heavy metals in seawater in residential areas very close to mining ports. The method used sampling in three different places, examining seawater’s heavy metal properties. Secondary data of the quality of seawater was obtained from the results of data monitoring carried out by the company periodically since the port was built as a comparison material from the results of sample inspection. The results of this study indicate that the waters around the settlements contain heavy metals. The composition of Cd was 10%, Pb was125%, Cu was 625%, Ni was 760%, and Zn was 300% above the standard of seawater quality for the Port Area set by the Indonesian government, which did not match the yearly reports (secondary data). On the other hand, community activities also have a minor role as a source of pollution. Therefore, it is essential to do further research with a focus on finding sources of pollution.
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Alansari, Bader M. "BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY (BDI-II) ITEMS CHARACTERISTICS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF NINETEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.7.675.
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An Arabic version of the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in its complete form was developed by Ghareeb (2000). The BDI-II was administered to 18 Islamic groups and the English version of the BDI-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) was administered to an additional Pakistani group. Co-efficient alphas were computed for samples of male and female undergraduates recruited from 19 Islamic countries: Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco and Pakistan (n=600, 270, 479, 841, 943, 780, 781, 356, 230, 360, 333, 590, 735, 275, 291, 298, 300, 706 and 532 respectively). The corrected item-total scale correlations of the BDI-II ranged between .21 and 89, the inventory seems viable in the Arabic context. Its use in cross-cultural studies would be suitable.
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Prokocimer, P., P. Bien, J. Surber, P. Mehra, C. DeAnda, J. B. Bulitta, and G. R. Corey. "Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Population Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Oral Torezolid Phosphate in Patients with Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 2 (November 29, 2010): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00076-10.
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ABSTRACTTorezolid (TR-700) is the active moiety of the prodrug torezolid phosphate ([TP] TR-701), a second-generation oxazolidinone with 4- to 16-fold greater potency than linezolid against Gram-positive species including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). A double-blind phase 2 study evaluated three levels (200, 300, or 400 mg) of oral, once-daily TP over 5 to 7 days for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Patients 18 to 75 years old with cSSSI caused by suspected or confirmed Gram-positive pathogens were randomized 1:1:1. Of 188 treated patients, 76.6% had abscesses, 17.6% had extensive cellulitis, and 5.9% had wound infections.S. aureus, the most common pathogen, was isolated in 90.3% of patients (139/154) with a baseline pathogen; 80.6% were MRSA. Cure rates in clinically evaluable patients were 98.2% at 200 mg, 94.4% at 300 mg, and 94.4% at 400 mg. Cure rates were consistent across diagnoses, regardless of lesion size or the presence of systemic signs of infection. Clinical cure rates in patients withS. aureusisolated at baseline were 96.6% overall and 96.8% for MRSA. TP was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels. No patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. Three-stage hierarchical population pharmacokinetic modeling yielded a geometric mean clearance of 8.28 liters/h (between-patient variability, 32.3%), a volume of the central compartment of 71.4 liters (24.0%), and a volume of the peripheral compartment of 27.9 liters (35.7%). Results of this study show a high degree of efficacy at all three dose levels without significant differences in the safety profile and support the continued evaluation of TP for the treatment of cSSSI in phase 3 trials.
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Anishchenko, Oleksandr S., Volodymyr V. Kukhar, and Eduard S. Klimov. "Nickel-Based Slag-Remelted Superalloy for Ti-Alloys Isothermal Forging Die-Tool." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.128.
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The work purpose is to evaluate the application of nickel-based CrNi73CuBeTeAl superalloy (tungsten-free), made by electroslag remelting as a die tool material for isothermal forming. Isothermal deformation was simulated by tests for high-temperature cyclic creep. The specimens with high and × in plan dimensions (both parallel and perpendicular to the ingots central axis) were cut from the bottom, top and central zone, near the lateral surface and in the ingots central axis area. The tests were performed at 900, 940 and 980 °C constant temperature with 100, 200 and 300 MPa cyclic pressure in 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mm/s velocities range corresponded to 10-3-10-1 1/s strain rates. Such tools application field is compressor blades Ti-forgings die forging and sizing with ε = 1.0-3.0% residual upsetting deformation of dies during operation. It is shown that the die life can be extended to 400-700 loading cycles at 850-950 °C operating temperature and pressure up to 150 MPa.
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Guz, Mykola, and Volodymyr Geval. "Посівні якості насіння найпоширеніших у західному регіоні України видів гіркокаштанів." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 17 (October 25, 2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/411821.
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У зелених насадженнях різних видів і типів західного регіону України найпоширенішими є чотири види гіркокаштанів: Aesculus hippocastanum L., Aesculus pavіa L., Aesculus octаndra Marsh та Aesculus carnea Hayne. Для цих видів гіркокаштанів здійснено комплекс досліджень з визначення посівних якостей насіння – чистоти, доброякісності, вологості, маси 1000 насінин, технічної і ґрунтової схожості, енергії проростання та посівної придатності. Насінню досліджуваних видів гіркокаштанів властиві високий рівень чистоти (94,4-96,7%) і доброякісності (83,0-97%) та значна варіабельність середньої маси 1000 шт. насінин (8,8-20,2 кг). Найвищим рівнем технічної схожості, незалежно від типу субстрату, вирізняється насіння A. pavіa (78,0-87,0%), найменшим – A. carnea (52,0-60,0%).
Досліджено динаміку доброякісності та технічної схожості насіння впродовж 2000-2017 рр. Для видів A. pavіa, A. octаndra та A. carnea такі дослідження здійснено вперше.
У лісових і декоративних розсадниках рекомендовано використовувати уточнену норму висівання насіння A. hippocastanum: 375-400 г/м для осінньої і 430-460 г/м – для весняної сівби. Вперше обґрунтовано норму висівання насіння для трьох видів гіркокаштанів (A. оctаndra, A.pavіa, A. carnea ) для осінньої і весняної сівби, відповідно, 340-400 та 400-460 г/м; 220-265 і 250-300 г/м; 600-700 і 690-800 г/м посівного рядка.
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McClure, W. F., David Moody, D. L. Stanfield, and Osamu Kinoshita. "Hand-Held NIR Spectrometry. Part II: An Economical No-Moving Parts Spectrometer for Measuring Chlorophyll and Moisture." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 6 (June 2002): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760077432.
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The design and performance of a low-cost no-moving-parts handheld NIR spectrometer are discussed. Dubbed the TWmeter, this device was conceived for use by researchers and others in developing countries unable to afford more costly technology found in developed countries. Two design features contribute to the novelty of this spectrometer: (1) three unfiltered light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emissions at 700, 880, and 940 nm for measuring chlorophyll in plant tissue and moisture in paper, and (2) a silicon intensity-to-frequency detector (a silicon detector with an integral voltage-to-frequency converter). The latter feature allows an ordinary microcomputer to obtain intensity measurements by counting for a fixed length of time, thus avoiding the need for higher-priced analog-to-digital hardware. Performance tests, using multiple linear regression for calibration, demonstrate that chlorophyll and moisture can be determined with a root mean squared standard error of prediction of 0.99 mg/cm2 of leaf surface for a range of 1–8 mg/cm2 and 1.04% (wet basis) for a range of 30–65% moisture, respectively. Development of the TWmeter (costing less than $300 US), demonstrates that spectrometry need not be costly.
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Bereczki, Dániel, László Csiba, Sámuel Komoly, and László Vécsei. "Future endangered: education and replacement of specialists in neurology – a survey, 2010." Orvosi Hetilap 151, no. 36 (September 1, 2010): 1461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2010.28938.
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A neurológusszakorvos-hiány egyre nyilvánvalóbb problémává válik, nemcsak a kis kórházakban, hanem a súlyponti intézményekben és az egyetemi klinikákon is. A jelenlegi felmérés célja a neurológus szakorvosok jelenlegi számának áttekintése, valamint a következő évtizedben várható szakmai utánpótlás becslése. Működési engedéllyel 2010 elején Magyarországon 1310 neurológus rendelkezik. Az Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár számára neurológiai tevékenységet 2009 során legalább 1 alkalommal 948 szakorvos jelentett. A rutin-betegellátásban ténylegesen elsősorban neurológiai területen dolgozók száma 750 körüli. A neurológusok életkori megoszlására jellemző a fiatal korosztály jelentős hiánya. Az ország 9 megyéjében legfeljebb egy 35 év alatti neurológus dolgozik. A 2000–2009 közötti tízéves időszakban, éves átlagban 22 új szakorvos lépett a rendszerbe. Ez a szám kevés a külföldre távozó és a betegellátásból egyéb okból kilépő neurológus szakorvosok pótlására. A 40–60 év közötti neurológusok száma a jelenlegi kormegoszlás alapján 2020-ra akkor is a jelenlegi érték kétharmada alá csökken, ha teljesen megszűnne a külföldi munkavállalás. Ha a külföldre vándorlás a jelenlegi szinten marad, és az utánpótlás mértéke nem nő, 2020-ra várhatóan 300 szakorvosra marad az ország neurológiai betegellátása. Mivel ez a szám a feladat ellátásához elégtelen, és a tendencia egyértelműen előre látható, az egészségügyi kormányzatnak sürgősen lépnie kell a jövő neurológus szakorvosi ellátásának biztosítása érdekében.
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Knapman, Alisa, Fe Abogadie, Peter McIntrye, and Mark Connor. "A Real-Time, Fluorescence-Based Assay for Measuring µ-Opioid Receptor Modulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 2 (August 29, 2013): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057113501391.
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Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity is frequently used to measure µ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation. We sought to develop a simple, rapid assay of AC activity in whole cells that could be used to study MOR signaling. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human MOR (CHO-MOR cells) were grown in 96-well plates and loaded with membrane potential–sensitive fluorescent dye. CHO-MOR cells were treated with the AC activator forskolin (FSK), with or without simultaneous application of MOR agonists, and the resulting change in fluorescence was measured. CHO-MOR cells hyperpolarized in response to application of FSK ( pEC50, 7.3) or calcitonin ( pEC50, 9.4). A submaximally effective concentration of FSK (300 nM) caused a 52% ± 2% decrease in fluorescence. Simultaneous application of the opioids DAMGO ( pEC50, 7.4; Emax, 56%), morphine ( pEC50, 7.0; Emax, 61%); and buprenorphine ( pEC50, 8.6; Emax, 24%) inhibited the FSK response in a dose-dependent manner while having no effect by themselves. The effects of DAMGO were blocked by pertussis toxin. This assay represents a simple, robust method for real-time observation of AC inhibition by MOR in CHO cells. It represents an appealing alternative to end-point assays that rely on cAMP accumulation and can avoid potential confounds associated with rapid desensitization of MOR signaling.
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Snachev, Vladimir I., Aleksandr V. Snachev, and Vsevolod Yu Prokofiev. "Physicochemical conditions of the formation of the Larino granite-gneiss dome (South Ural)." Georesursy 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2022.1.7.
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The Larino granite-gneiss dome is located on the border of the Aramil-Sukhtelya and Magnitogorsk megazones and is a two-headed anticlinal structure, the nuclear parts of which are composed of granitoids of the Pervomai and Larino massifs, and their framing – apovolcanic amphibolites, garnet-mica-tins, garnet-amphislans siliceous-carbonaceous schists of the Bulatovo Series (S1–D1bl). A series of concentric high-gradient zones of metamorphism are observed from granitoids to shales. Mineral parageneses of the amphibolite facies at a distance of several kilometers are replaced by associations of epidote-amphibolite and greenschist facies. It has been proven that granitoids belong to the granite-migmatite formation, are close to trondhjemites of the inner parts of the continents (granites, leucogranites) and continental margins (gneisized, migmatized granitoids) and were formed in intraplate and collisional geodynamic settings. Crystallization of granites took place at temperatures of 780–840°С and a pressure of 2.1–3.7 kbar, plagiogranites – 880–940°С and 2.9–3.3 kbar, which corresponds to the abyssal depth zone (7–11 km). For granitoids formed in the process of metasomatic granitization (gneissized and migmatized rocks), formation temperatures are noticeably lower – 650–680°С, and the pressure is higher – 6.6–7.0 kbar (almandine amphibolite facies).
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Lin, Frank Po-Yen, Subotheni Thavaneswaran, John P. Grady, Christine E. Napier, Maya Kansara, Lucille Sebastian, Damien Kee, et al. "Molecular therapy selection in treatment-refractory advanced cancers: A retrospective cohort study determining the utility of TOPOGRAPH knowledge base." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.3073.
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3073 Background: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is increasingly used to guide therapy selection in advanced cancer patients who have exhausted standard therapy options. Here we assess the utility of Therapy Oriented Precision Oncology Guidelines for Recommending Anticancer Pharmaceuticals (TOPOGRAPH) to guide matching of drug treatments based on CGP in this setting. Methods: This study was conducted in an Australia-wide precision oncology program, the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Study (MoST, ANZCTR registration ACTRN12616000908437). All patients with advanced cancer after exhausting standard treatments underwent CGP in 2016-2021 were stratified into cohort A (no further therapy received) and B (received ≥1 therapy after CGP). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, using the log rank test to assess between-group differences. TOPOGRAPH matched the treatment history to the CGP results, stratified into clinically active (Tiers 1-3, T1-3), investigational (T3B/4), inactive (R2) or unmatched groups. Results: Over a median follow-up of 21.7 months (mo) for 2852 patients (75% with rare cancers, n = 2150), the median OS (mOS) from the date of CGP result was 7.0 mo (95% CI 6.4-7.6) for cohort A (n = 1562) and 15.8 mo (95% CI 14.5-16.9) for cohort B (n = 1290). In both cohorts, patients with CGP results matching any TOPOGRAPH tier (T1-4) had shorter OS compared to patients without a matching tier (A: 6.4 v 20.5 mo, hazard ratio for death [HR] 2.15, p<0.001; B: 14.7 v 23.6 mo, HR 1.43, p<0.001). Patients in cohort B receiving matched therapy (n=342, 27%) had a longer mOS than 948 patients who received only unmatched therapy (16.9 v 10.4 mo, HR 0.70, p<0.001). For CGP results matched to T1-3, 122 patients who received a T1-3 therapy had a significantly longer mOS than those who received unmatched therapy (22.1 v 9.8 mo, HR 0.51, p<0.001). For CGP results matched only to T3B/4, a trend toward longer mOS was observed in patients receiving matched therapy in T3B/4 (n = 138, 14.5 v unmatched 10.0 mo, HR 0.81, P = 0.07). In tier-matched analysis, the mOS were not significantly different between patients who received genomics matched v unmatched therapy in T3B (matching outside cognate histotypes, n = 48 v 508, 11.9 v 9.7 mo, HR 0.84, p = 0.36) and T4 (n = 32 v 134; therapy with preclinical/early clinical evidence, 17.1 v 12.2 mo, HR 0.69, p = 0.17). Conclusions: TOPOGRAPH is prognostic and likely predictive of treatment effect based on CGP, supporting its utility in guiding molecular therapy selection in patients who have exhausted standard treatment options. [Table: see text]
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Balnikov, A. A., N. M. Kostomakhin, Yu S. Kazutova, I. P. Yanel, and E. S. Gridyushko. "Comprehensive evaluation of pig breeding herds of Yorkshire breed on development and productivity in the Republic of Belarus." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2205-05.
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The purpose of the work was a comprehensive evaluation of breeding herds of pigs of Yorkshire breed for development and productivity in the Republic of Belarus. It has been found as a result of the research that the growth and development of Yorkshire boars at the age of 36 months the best results in animals bred in the State Enterprise “ZhodinoAgroPlemElita” and in the Center for Breeding and Genetics in pig breeding RUAE “Grodnenskoe plempredpriyatie” have been shown (live weight was 302 and 303 kg, body length was 184–186,2 cm, which was 12–19,9 kg and 2,2–8,2 cm higher compared to animals of other breeding enterprises). The evaluation of the quality of sperm production on average has shown that the volume of ejaculate was 393,3 ml, the concentration of sperm was 618 million/ml, and the mobility of sperm was 8,62 points. The average percentage of fertility rate by actual farrowing was 89,5 %. When studying the productive traits of sows of Yorkshire breed in basic breeding enterprises, the animals bred in ZAO “Vitebskagroproduct” were distinguished by the best indicator of prolificacy(14,4 heads). In terms of milk producing ability the highest indicator was observed in animals bred in ZAO “Vitsebskagroproduct” and Collective Farming Unitary Enterprise “Chernyakhovsky-Agro” (63,4–68,2 kg), which was 15,1–23,7 % higher than in sows in State Enterprise “ZhodinoAgroPlemElita”. Piglets obtained at Collective Farming Unitary Enterprise “ChernyakhovskyAgro” and State Enterprise “ZhodinoAgroPlemElita” were distinguished by a high weight of one piglet at weaning in comparison with piglets on average in breed. When evaluation the indicators of their own productivity of breeding animals, the following average values were established: the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg was 176,5 days, the average daily gain in live weight from birth to reaching the live weight of 100 kg was 559,7 g. The best indicators were the young animals reared in the State Enterprise “ZhodinoAgroPlemElita”. Thus, the age of reaching the live weight of 100 kg here was 7,0–9,4 days higher or 3,93–5,73 % than in young animals of other farms.
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Ma, Zheng Feei, Yutong Zhang, Xiaoqin Luo, Xinli Li, Yeshan Li, Shuchang Liu, and Yingfei Zhang. "Increased stressful impact among general population in mainland China amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional study conducted after Wuhan city’s travel ban was lifted." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 8 (June 22, 2020): 770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020935489.
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Objectives: Our study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological responses and lifestyle changes among the general population in mainland China following the re-opening of the Wuhan city. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2020. Participants of Chinese nationality aged ⩾ 18 years were asked to complete a modified validated Chinese version of a questionnaire regarding the impact of event scale (IES), family and social support, mental health–related lifestyle changes, and indicators of negative mental health impacts. Results: A total of 728 participants (i.e., 217 males and 511 females) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 32.9 ± 10.4 years, with a majority of them (92.2%) having a higher educational qualification level. The overall mean IES in participants was 21.5 ± 7.0, reflecting mild stressful impact (i.e., following the re-opening of the Wuhan city); 25.5% of the participants had an IES score ⩾ 26. Being females and married were significantly associated with a higher mean IES score. The overall mean scores for intrusion and avoidance score scales in participants were 9.4 ± 3.7 and 12.1 ± 4.2, respectively. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased stressful impact in our participants following the re-opening of the Wuhan city when compared with our previous study, which should not be taken lightly.
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Munyeme, Musso, Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu, Andrew Nambota, John Bwalya Muma, Andrew Malata Phiri, and King Shimumbo Nalubamba. "The Nexus between Bovine Tuberculosis and Fasciolosis Infections in Cattle of the Kafue Basin Ecosystem in Zambia: Implications on Abattoir Surveillance." Veterinary Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/921869.
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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and fasciolosis are important but neglected diseases that result in chronic infections in cattle. However, in Zambia, these diseases are mainly diagnosed at abattoirs during routine meat inspection. Albeit the coinfection status, these diseases have been reported as nothing more than normal separate findings without an explanatory phenomena. Forthwith, we formulated this study to assess the possible association of the two diseases in a known high prevalence area on the Kafue basin ecosystem. Of the 1,680 animals screened, 600 (35.7%; 95% CI 33.4%–38%) and 124 (7.4%; 95% CI 6.1%–8.6%) had fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions; respectively, whilst 72 had both fasciola and tuberculous lesions representing 12% (95% CI 9.4%–14.6%) and 58.1% (95% CI; 49.3%–66.7%) of the total positives for fasciola and tuberculosis, respectively. Jaundice was seen in 304 animals, 18.1% (95% CI; 16.3%–19.9%) and was significantly correlated to fasciolosis (r=0.59,P<0.0001). A significant association (χ2=76.2,df=1, andP<0.0001) was found between fasciolosis and tuberculous lesions. Simple logistic regression intimated fasciolosis as a strong predictor for tuberculous lesions with animals that had fasciola being five times more likely to have tuberculous lesions (odds ratio = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.3–7.0). This study indicates that transmission and spatial risk factors of communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as bTB and fasciolosis can be correlated in an ecosystem such as the Kafue flats.
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Katsura, Kouji, Yoshihiko Soga, Sadatomo Zenda, Hiromi Nishi, Marie Soga, Masatoshi Usubuchi, Sachiyo Mitsunaga, et al. "A cost-minimization analysis of measures against metallic dental restorations for head and neck radiotherapy." Journal of Radiation Research 62, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrab003.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the estimated public medical care cost of measures to address metallic dental restorations (MDRs) for head and neck radiotherapy using high-energy mega-voltage X-rays. This was considered a first step to clarify which MDR measure was more cost-effective. We estimated the medical care cost of radiotherapy for two representative MDR measures: (i) with MDR removal or (ii) without MDR removal (non-MDR removal) using magnetic resonance imaging and a spacer. A total of 5520 patients received head and neck radiation therapy in 2018. The mean number of MDRs per person was 4.1 dental crowns and 1.3 dental bridges. The mean cost per person was estimated to be 121 720 yen for MDR removal and 54 940 yen for non-MDR removal. Therefore, the difference in total public medical care cost between MDR removal and non-MDR removal was estimated to be 303 268 800 yen. Our results suggested that non-MDR removal would be more cost-effective than MDR removal for head and neck radiotherapy. In the future, a national survey and cost-effectiveness analysis via a multicenter study are necessary; these investigations should include various outcomes such as the rate of local control, status of oral mucositis, frequency of hospital visits and efforts of the medical professionals.
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Katona, Gábor, Bence Sipos, Mária Budai-Szűcs, György Tibor Balogh, Szilvia Veszelka, Ilona Gróf, Mária A. Deli, Balázs Volk, Piroska Szabó-Révész, and Ildikó Csóka. "Development of In Situ Gelling Meloxicam-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle Formulation for Nose-to-Brain Application." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050646.
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The aim of this study was to develop an intranasal in situ thermo-gelling meloxicam-human serum albumin (MEL-HSA) nanoparticulate formulation applying poloxamer 407 (P407), which can be administered in liquid state into the nostril, and to increase the resistance of the formulation against mucociliary clearance by sol-gel transition on the nasal mucosa, as well as to improve drug absorption. Nanoparticle characterization showed that formulations containing 12–15% w/w P407 met the requirements of intranasal administration. The Z-average (in the range of 180–304 nm), the narrow polydispersity index (PdI, from 0.193 to 0.328), the zeta potential (between −9.4 and −7.0 mV) and the hypotonic osmolality (200–278 mOsmol/L) of MEL-HSA nanoparticles predict enhanced drug absorption through the nasal mucosa. Based on the rheological, muco-adhesion, drug release and permeability studies, the 14% w/w P407 containing formulation (MEL-HSA-P14%) was considered as the optimized formulation, which allows enhanced permeability of MEL through blood–brain barrier-specific lipid fraction. Cell line studies showed no cell damage after 1-h treatment with MEL-HSA-P14% on RPMI 2650 human endothelial cells’ moreover, enhanced permeation (four-fold) of MEL from MEL-HSA-P14% was observed in comparison to pure MEL. Overall, MEL-HSA-P14% can be promising for overcoming the challenges of nasal drug delivery.
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Kurtova, Antonina, Maite P. Quiroga, William G. Wierda, Michael Keating, and Jan A. Burger. "Standardizing Co-Culture Conditions Between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells and Marrow Stromal Cells: Towards a Reliable and Reproducible System to Assess Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3149.3149.
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Abstract Contact between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and accessory stromal cells in tissue microenvironments is considered to play a major role in regulating CLL cell survival and disease progression. Stromal cells of various origins and species, and variable stromal-CLL cell ratios have been used in the past to study CLL-stromal cell interactions and to assess cell-adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Because of the heterogeneity of the currently used in vitro systems to study CLL-MSC interactions, and the importance of these co-culture systems for development and testing of novel agents, we tested a panel of murine and human MSC lines for their capacities to support CLL cell survival and CAM-DR, using various CLL-MSC ratios and fludarabine (F-ara-A) to induce CLL cell apoptosis. We tested four murine, non-transformed MSC lines derived from bone marrow: M210B4, KUM4, ST-2 and KUSA-H1. Also, we tested three human transformed cell lines: Stroma-NKtert, derived from bone marrow and immortalized by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), UE6E7-T2 derived from bone marrow and transformed with human papilloma viruses (HPV) E6, E7 and hTERT, and UCB408E6E7Tert33 derived from umbilical cord blood and transformed with hTERT and HPV E6, E7. CLL cells were isolated from peripheral blood of untreated patients and each cell line was tested with at least three different patients according to the following protocol: viability of CLL was tested after 24, 48 and 72 hours by flow cytometry after staining with DiOC6 and propidium iodide. The following conditions were assayed on each of the MSC lines: CLL cells in suspension culture, CLL cells in suspension culture with 10 mM F-ara-A, CLL cells in co-culture with MSC, and CLL cells in co-culture with MSC and with 10 mM F-ara-A. Firstly, we performed titration experiments in order to identify the most appropriate ratio between stromal and CLL cells, using CLL-MSC ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1 and 100:1. We found a decline in MSC-derived CLL cell protection at the highest ratio of 100:1, suggesting that ratios of 50:1 or lower provide optimal conditions for in vitro assays. Results shown in Table 1 were assayed using a 20:1 ratio and represented relative viabilities when compared to untreated controls (mean±SEM). Regarding the protective effect of different MSC, we found that all MSC lines demonstrated remarkable protection of CLL cells from spontaneous and F-ara-A-induced apoptosis. We also found that stromal cells that had round shape morphology and easily formed confluent monolayer (M210B4, KUSA-H1, Stroma-NKTert) showed more prolonged protective effect in comparison to cell lines with more spindle shaped morphology (ST-2, KUM4, UE6E7-T2). The failure of UE6E7-T2 and UCB408E6E7Tert33 to demonstrate long-term protection of CLL cells could be related to their own sensitivity to F-ara-A. In this comparative study we demonstrated that both murine and human MSC provide substantial and comparable levels of protection from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis. CLL:MSC ratios of 50:1 or lower can be considered ideal for co-culture experiments. Further experiments have to be done to determine the levels of MSC-derived protection in a larger series of CLL samples and in different laboratories for validation. Collectively, in these co-culture assays we can study CLL-MSC interactions and CLL drugs under more standardized conditions that may allow us to evaluate the efficacy of new treatments that target the CLL microenvironment. Time points 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours +Flu + MSC + MSC +Flu +Flu + MSC + MSC +Flu +Flu +MSC + MSC +Flu M210B4 85.2±2.4 117.2±5.0 110.5±4.9 30.8±12.6 138.1±9.5 113.0±2.2 5.2±3.1 138.1±5.1 120.4±3.4 ST-2 93.6±3.0 99.9±2.6 103.1±0.5 51.6±9.4 111.9±2.6 89.8±8.7 13.9±6.3 112.6±5.7 87.0±16.4 KUM-4 93.6±3.0 106.4±1.8 104.2±1.9 51.6±9.4 112.4±2.6 100.8±2.8 13.9±6.3 111.8±6.7 88.5±11.4 KUSA-H1 79.4±7.4 125.1±3.7 118.2±2.0 33.9±10.9 136.0±3.6 107.2±7.0 11.3±6.1 133.6±5.4 84.9±7.6 Stroma-NKTert 79.3±7.0 118.6±7.0 111.0±7.0 30.5±9.5 130.7±9.5 115.6±8.0 7.1±4.3 133.0±11.5 122.7±9.0 UE6E7-T2 79.3±7.0 113.4±3.9 109.3±3.0 30.5±9.5 118.4±4.8 85.0±7.1 7.1±4.3 119.2±6.9 51.0±10.1 UCB408 E6E7Tert33 81.5±7.2 120.2±5.4 111.8±2.7 36.7±9.4 123.7±6.3 86.7±7.7 8.5±6.7 119.7±6.1 50.8±13.0 Table 1. Flu: fludarabine (10mM/ml), MSC: marrow stromal cells
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Gulyás, Bence. "Sergiu Musteaţă, Nomads and Natives beyond the Danube and the Black Sea: 700–900 CE. (Beyond Medieval Europe.) Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2019. Pp. xvii, 303; black-and-white figures. $155. ISBN: 978-1-9424-0152-0." Speculum 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/717879.
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Tomczuk, Krzysztof, Klaudiusz Szczepaniak, Maciej Grzybek, Maria Studzińska, Marta Demkowska-Kutrzepa, Monika Roczeń-Karczmarz, Wojciech Łopuszyński, et al. "Internal parasites in roe deer of the Lubartów Forest Division in postmortem studies." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 11 (2017): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5799.
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The aim of the study was to analyze endoparasitic fauna in roe deer of a selected area of south-western Poland using coproscopic studies and postmortem studies of internal organs (lungs, livers and digestive tracts). Microscopic methods included flotation and the McMaster method. In May and June 2015, 53 culled male roe deer were examined. Parasites were found in 96.2% (n=51, SD=19.2) of the studied animals, but the invasion intensity was diversified. From 1 to 7 different taxa (families or genera) of parasites were found in each studied animal. Oocysts of Eimeria (3 species (E. capreoli, E. panda, E. rotunda) were found with the following invasion prevalence: 45.28%, low OPG level, in the range of 350-700. In three samples, the OPG amounted to 2800–4500. Cysts of Buxtonella sulcata 9.4% (CPG in the range of 300–100). Fasciola hepatica (prevalence 3.77%), intensity: 2–3 specimens, Dicrocoelium dendriticum (5.66%), intensity: 2–5 specimens. Moniezia expansa (7.54%), intensity: 3–8 tapeworms. Nematodes from the family Trichostrongylidae (58.49%, genera: Ostertagia, Spiculopteragia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Nematodiurus from the family Molineidae), low invasion intensity (8–55 nematodes), only in 7 deer intensities of 346–140 nematodes). Capillaria bovis (7.54%) intensity ranging from 2 to 14 nematodes. Oesophagostomum venulosum (15.09 %) invasion intensity: 7–23 nematodes, Trichuris globulosa (9.43%), invasion intensity 2–4 nematodes. Dictyocaulus eckerti (11.32%), invasion intensity ranging from 6 to 34 nematodes. Setaria tundra (5.66%) invasion intensity ranging from 1 to 3 nematodes.
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Olatoke, Samuel, Olayide Agodirin, Ganiyu Rahman, Benjamin Bolaji, and Habeeb Olufemi. "Factors Associated With Intraoperative Conversion to Total Thyroidectomy in Benign Goiters." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/20(0180).
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Background: Decision to undertake total thyroidectomy when gross inspection of the gland raises suspicion of widespread degenerative changes is often intraoperative. Knowing the factors associated with intraoperative conversion to total thyroidectomy may assist preoperative counselling. This study describes the probability of conversion to total thyroidectomy and factors associated with con-version among patients hitherto planned for partial thyroidectomy. Methods: We reviewed 191 records and extracted data on patient demographics, the pre-operative radiograph findings, the weight of excised gland and the operation performed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Receiver operator curve was used to assess for cut-off point. P-value was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 191 records was reviewed consisting of 181 females (94.8% 95% CI 90.6-97.5) and 10 males (5.2%, 95%CI 2.5-9.4). Only nodular goiters required conversion to total thyroidectomy. The over-all probability of total thyroidectomy was 11%(95% CI 7.0-16.3). The probability of total thyroidectomy in female was 10.5%(95% CI 6.4-16.9) while in male was 20%(95% CI2.5-55.6). The probability of total thyroidectomy in a female with nodular goiter was 8.1%(95% CI 4.8-13.5), compared to 28.6%(95% CI 3.7-71) in males. The risk of total thyroidectomy was associated with the weight of the excised gland. Conclusion: Only nodular goiters required intraoperative conversion to total thyroidecto-my and the probability of conversion was higher in males.
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Lam, Tai Hing, Mohsen Janghorbani, Susan Fan, and Richard Fielding. "Voluntary HIV antibody testing amongst youth in Hong Kong." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203321156917.
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We performed a study to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-testing behaviour among youth in Hong Kong. It was a population-based cross-sectional study. Questions on HIV testing were asked as part of a youth sexuality study conducted in July to December 1996 among young adults in Hong Kong. A total of 517 (53.6%) males and 447 (46.4%) females aged 17 to 28 years completed an anonymous structured self-administered questionnaire. Respondents had good knowledge about correct modes of HIV transmission and prevention. 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0, 12.3) of males and 6.4% (95% CI: 4.3, 9.1) of females had been tested for HIV through blood donation. Excluding blood donation, 3.7% (95% CI: 2.2, 5.7) of males and 3.6% (95% CI: 2.1, 5.9) of females had been tested (voluntary testing). 47.5% (95% CI: 44.4, 50.7) of subjects reported at least one major risk factor for HIV infection. In multivariate analyses, factors independently associated with both voluntary HIV testing and HIV testing by blood donation were age and having had sex with multiple partners. A higher educational level was a predictor of HIV testing by blood donation. Self-assessment of having sufficient sex education was also significantly associated with voluntary HIV testing. HIV testing is not widespread in Hong Kong and those at risk are more likely to have been tested. It is of concern, however, that many of those reporting risk factors have not been tested.
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Poptsov, V. N., V. M. Zakharevich, E. A. Spirina, S. G. Uhrenkov, A. A. Dogonasheva, and E. Z. Aliev. "Outcomes and risk factors of mechanical circulatory support by peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in heart transplant candidates needing urgent heart transplantation." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 19, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2017-4-54-60.
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Introduction Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is one of the most frequently used methods of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) at patients with life-threatening circulatory derangement.Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness and risk factors of peripheral VA ECMO in patients waiting of urgent heart transplantation (HT). Materials and methods. The study included 149 (129 (86.6%) men and 20 (13.4%) women, age 12 to 72 (43.0 ± 1.2) years) heart transplant candidates who in the period 01.01.2011–31.12.2016 were supported by peripheral VA ECMO. These patients were 21.1% of the total waiting list (n = 706) of our institute at the same period. Indication for MCS by VA ECMO was advanced heart failure corresponding to I or II level of INTERMACS classifi cation.Results. 135 (90.6%) from 149 patients were successfully supported to HT. 14 (9.4%) deed following MCS. Before of VA ECMO these patients (n = 14) had more severe (p < 0.05) hemodynamic disorders, organ dysfunction, electrolyte and metabolic disorders compared to patients TC successfully supported to HT. Left atrium (n = 24)/left ventricle drainage (n = 8) was performed for volume decompression of left heart (n = 32 (21.5%)). In a single-factor analysis, statistically signifi cant pre VA ECMO risk factors for the lethal outcome were: creatinine ≥ 140 mmol/l, urea ≥ 15 mmol/l, total bilirubin ≥ 80 μmol/l, ALT ≥ 300 U/l, AST ≥ 300 U/l, INR ≥ 3.0, procalcitonin ≥ 3.0 ng/ml, preexisting left ventricular thrombosis complicated thromboembolic stroke with brain death following VA ECMO (n = 3). Statistically signifi cant factors for the lethal outcome following MCS were: transthoracic left ventricle drainage (n = 8) compared to transcutaneous transfemoral transseptal left atrium drainage (n = 24) for volume decompression of left heart; hemolysis ≥ 300 mg%. Conclusion. VA ECMO is high effi ciency method of temporary MCS in 90.6% heart transplant candidates needed at urgent HT. VA ECMO must be begin before development of potential lethal multiorgan and septic complications. Preexisting left ventricular thrombosis increase risk of lethal thromboembolic brain injury following VA ECMO. Patients with transcutaneous transfemoral transseptal left atrium drainage for left heart volume decompression had better outcome following MCS by VA ECMO.
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Mant, David, Alastair Gray, Siân Pugh, Helen Campbell, Stephen George, Alice Fuller, Bethany Shinkins, et al. "A randomised controlled trial to assess the cost-effectiveness of intensive versus no scheduled follow-up in patients who have undergone resection for colorectal cancer with curative intent." Health Technology Assessment 21, no. 32 (May 2017): 1–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21320.
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Background Intensive follow-up after surgery for colorectal cancer is common practice but lacks a firm evidence base. Objective To assess whether or not augmenting symptomatic follow-up in primary care with two intensive methods of follow-up [monitoring of blood carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and scheduled imaging] is effective and cost-effective in detecting the recurrence of colorectal cancer treatable surgically with curative intent. Design Randomised controlled open-label trial. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) minimum follow-up (n = 301), (2) CEA testing only (n = 300), (3) computerised tomography (CT) only (n = 299) or (4) CEA testing and CT (n = 302). Blood CEA was measured every 3 months for 2 years and then every 6 months for 3 years; CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis were performed every 6 months for 2 years and then annually for 3 years. Those in the minimum and CEA testing-only arms had a single CT scan at 12–18 months. The groups were minimised on adjuvant chemotherapy, gender and age group (three strata). Setting Thirty-nine NHS hospitals in England with access to high-volume services offering surgical treatment of metastatic recurrence. Participants A total of 1202 participants who had undergone curative treatment for Dukes’ stage A to C colorectal cancer with no residual disease. Adjuvant treatment was completed if indicated. There was no evidence of metastatic disease on axial imaging and the post-operative blood CEA level was ≤ 10 µg/l. Main outcome measures Primary outcome Surgical treatment of recurrence with curative intent. Secondary outcomes Time to detection of recurrence, survival after treatment of recurrence, overall survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Results Detection of recurrence During 5 years of scheduled follow-up, cancer recurrence was detected in 203 (16.9%) participants. The proportion of participants with recurrence surgically treated with curative intent was 6.3% (76/1202), with little difference according to Dukes’ staging (stage A, 5.1%; stage B, 7.4%; stage C, 5.6%; p = 0.56). The proportion was two to three times higher in each of the three more intensive arms (7.5% overall) than in the minimum follow-up arm (2.7%) (difference 4.8%; p = 0.003). Surgical treatment of recurrence with curative intent was 2.7% (8/301) in the minimum follow-up group, 6.3% (19/300) in the CEA testing group, 9.4% (28/299) in the CT group and 7.0% (21/302) in the CEA testing and CT group. Surgical treatment of recurrence with curative intent was two to three times higher in each of the three more intensive follow-up groups than in the minimum follow-up group; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) compared with minimum follow-up were as follows: CEA testing group, OR 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 5.65; CT group, OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.63 to 8.38; and CEA testing and CT group, OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.19 to 6.49. Survival A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirmed no significant difference between arms (log-rank p = 0.45). The baseline-adjusted Cox proportional hazards ratio comparing the minimum and intensive arms was 0.87 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.15). These CIs suggest a maximum survival benefit from intensive follow-up of 3.8%. Cost-effectiveness The incremental cost per patient treated surgically with curative intent compared with minimum follow-up was £40,131 with CEA testing, £43,392 with CT and £85,151 with CEA testing and CT. The lack of differential impact on survival resulted in little difference in QALYs saved between arms. The additional cost per QALY gained of moving from minimum follow-up to CEA testing was £25,951 and for CT was £246,107. When compared with minimum follow-up, combined CEA testing and CT was more costly and generated fewer QALYs, resulting in a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (–£208,347) and a dominated policy. Limitations Although this is the largest trial undertaken at the time of writing, it has insufficient power to assess whether or not the improvement in detecting treatable recurrence achieved by intensive follow-up leads to a reduction in overall mortality. Conclusions Rigorous staging to detect residual disease is important before embarking on follow-up. The benefit of intensive follow-up in detecting surgically treatable recurrence is independent of stage. The survival benefit from intensive follow-up is unlikely to exceed 4% in absolute terms and harm cannot be absolutely excluded. A longer time horizon is required to ascertain whether or not intensive follow-up is an efficient use of scarce health-care resources. Translational analyses are under way, utilising tumour tissue collected from Follow-up After Colorectal Surgery trial participants, with the aim of identifying potentially prognostic biomarkers that may guide follow-up in the future. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41458548. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Statsenko, M. E., A. M. Streltsova, and M. I. Turovets. "The Influence of Non-Alc oholic Fatty Liver Disease on Indicators of Arterial Stiffness and Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Arterial Hypertension." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-4-296-304.
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Aim. To determine the value of concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with arterial hypertension in the progression of rigidity of the main arteries and in increase of risk of cardiovascular complications. Material and methods. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. Group 1 (n=50, 35(70%) women, average age 57,4±6,9 years) included patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, group 2 (n=50, 40(80%) women, average age 56,5±7,0 years) included patients with arterial hypertension only. The groups were comparable in the main clinical and demographic indicators (p>0,05). A comparative analysis of pulse wave velocity, central aortic pressure, vascular age and a 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular complications in both groups was performed.Results. There is a statistically larger number of patients with metabolic index>7,0 (58,0% vs 28,0%, p=0,0019). It was also established that systolic (121,9±10,9 mm Hg vs 115,9±8,9 mm Hg) and diastolic (82,5±9,3 mm Hg vs 77,4±8,9 mm Hg) aortic pressure, as well as the augmentation index (26,5±8,5% vs 18,6±4,2%), were significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in patients with isolated arterial hypertension. In the 1st group, a statistically significant increased pulse wave velocity was found both in muscular (12,0±3,1 m/s vs 10,6±1,8 m/s) and elastic (10,4±2,8 m/s vs 9,1±1,7 m/s) vessels, which indicates an increase in arterial stiffness. In addition, there was an increase in post-occlusal pulse wave velocity in this category of patients (11,0±3,3 m/s vs 9,4±1,9 m/s, p=0,0037). A significant increase in vascular age in relation to the passport age (60,4 [56,0:68,0] years vs 58,0 [53,0:60,0] years) and an increase in the 10-year fatal risk was detected (2,15 [1,42: 4,63] and 1,05 [0,52: 2,82] %, p = 0,0043 ) were also revealed in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to patients with isolated arterial hypertension. Significantly more patients with a high (13 (26,0%) vs 5 (10,0%), p = 0,0332) total cardiovascular risk were observed in group 1 than in group 2.Conclusions. Arterial stiffness was significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in patients with isolated arterial hypertension, which is confirmed by a statistically significant increase in pulse wave velocity and central aortic pressure. Comorbid patients have pronounced endothelial dysfunction, which is confirmed by a significant increase in the post-occlusion rate of the pulse wave. An increase in vascular age in relation to the passport age indicates earlier aging of blood vessels in the 1st group compared with the 2nd group. Patients in the main group have a higher incidence of a high 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events compared with patients in the control group.
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Kalanda, N. A., A. L. Gurskii, M. V. Yarmolich, A. V. Petrov, I. A. Bobrikov, O. Yu Ivanshina, S. V. Sumnikov, F. Maia, A. L. Zhaludkevich, and S. E. Demyanov. "Sequence of phase transformations at the formation of the strontium chrome-molybdate compound." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.2.50758.
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The sequence of phase transformations in the process of crystallization of the Sr2CrMoO6 by the solid-phase technique from a stoichiometric mixture of simple oxides SrCO3 + 0.5Cr2O3 + MoO, has been investigated. It was determined that the synthesis of the strontium chrome-molybdate proceeds through a series of sequential-parallel stages. By means of the differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis data, it has been established that five clearly expressed endothermal effects were observed in the temperature range 300−1300 K. It was found that during the studies of the phase transformations sequence in the process of the double perovskite synthesis, SrCrO3, SrMoO4 and Sr2CrO4 are the main concomitant compounds. Herewith, it has been observed that with the annealing temperature increase from 300 to 1270 K, the complex compounds SrCrO4, SrCrO3 (350−550 К) and SrMoO4, Sr2CrO4 (600−750 К) are emerging initially and practically simultaneously. It has been revealed with a subsequent temperature increase that in the temperature range 940−1100 К, the SrMoO4, Sr2CrO4 and SrCrO3 phase concentration dramatically drops with the emerging and growth of the Sr2CrMoO6-δ double perovskite. With that in the range up to 1120–1190 К, the main XRD reflexes intensity for the SrCrO3 and SrMoO4 lowers substantially, and their content in the samples at 1170 К is no more than 7.9%. During a consideration of the derivative of the SrCrO3, SrMoO4 and Sr2CrO4 phase transformation degree (|(dα/dt)|mах), at which their crystallization rates are maximal, it has been determined that |(dα/dt)|mах for the Sr2CrO4 corresponds to the maximal temperature 1045 К, which indicates the presence of considerable kinetic difficulties at the formation of the Sr2CrO4 phase. Thereafter this phase does not disappear and at its appearance the slowing down of the double perovskite growth takes place. On the base of investigations of the phase transformations dynamics for the obtaining of the single-phase Sr2CrMoO6-δ compound with the superstructural ordering of the Cr/Mo cations and improved magnetic characteristics, the SrCrO3 and SrMoO4 precursors were used with combined heating modes.
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Kwak, Min-Jin, Sun-Woo Choi, Yong-Soon Choi, Hanbae Lee, Min-Young Park, and Kwang-Youn Whang. "Effects of Sophorolipid on Growth Performance, Organ Characteristics, Lipid Digestion Markers, and Gut Functionality and Integrity in Broiler Chickens." Animals 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12050635.
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Dietary fat and oil could aid in reaching the high-energy requirements of fast-growing birds; however, these inclusions could lead to nutrient waste. This is because young birds have limited lipid digestion due to the low secretion of lipase and bile salt. Sophorolipid (SPL), a glycolipid emulsifier with lower toxicity and higher biodegradability, can upregulate fat utilization by increasing digestibility. Accordingly, a five-week-long experiment was conducted with 720 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of dietary SPL on growth, organ characteristics, and gut health. The allotment was partitioned into four treatment groups according to their body weight with six replications (30 chick/pen). The three treatment diets comprised a basal diet with a formulation that met the Ross 308 standard and 5, 10, and 15 ppm SPL in the basal diet. During the experiment, the birds had free access to feed, and body weight and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Chickens were put down at the end of the growing and finishing phases, and jejunum and cecal samples were obtained to investigate organ characteristics and gut environments. The data were analyzed using the generalized linear model procedures of SAS 9.4, and all data were assessed for linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of dietary SPL-supplemented dosages. Body weight was significantly increased with 10 ppm of SPL supplementation in the grower phase without affecting feed efficiency. The relative weights of the intestine and the bursa of Fabricius were quadratically decreased by SPL supplementation with a lower population of Streptococcus and higher propionate and butyrate concentrations. Additionally, the dietary SPL supplementation groups showed a significantly increased villus/crypt ratio with higher intestinal expression levels of fatty acid translocase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, and fatty acid transporter 4. Collectively, proper SPL supplementation in the chicken diet could improve growth performance by down-regulating immune modulation and up-regulating lipid digestion and absorption via modulation of gut microenvironments.
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Caunter, Terrence, and Pearl Weinberger. "Effects of Algae on the Aquatic Persistence of Fenitrothion." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.028.
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Abstract The persistence of the photolytically degradable pesticide fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) in aquatic systems was examined to determine whether its t½ could be modulated by the algae Chlamydomonas segnis (Ettl). Sorption of 14C ring labelled fenitrothion into live and freeze-killed algae was monitored under lighted and darkened conditions. In living algae held under natural sunlight (800 wmࢤ2), an optimal uptake of 9.4 ug 14C ring label mgࢤ1 algae was obtained following 3.75 hours compared to 0.7 µg 14C ring label mgࢤ1 uptake by algae maintained in the dark. Live algae maintained under Vita Lite high intensity fluorescent lamps (Dura Test, 40 wmࢤ2, 290-700 nm) sorbed fenitrothion more slowly. Optimal uptake of 16.6 µg 14C ring label mgࢤ1 algae was obtained after 24 hours compared to 0.8 µg 14C ring label mgࢤ1 algae in sets in the dark. The same phenomenon was observed with freeze-killed cells, where uptake in natural sunlight and Vita Lite® lamps was significantly enhanced (15.7 and 28.8 μg 14C ring label mgࢤ1 algae, respectively) compared to cells maintained in the dark (1.6 and 2.3 µg 14C ring label mgࢤ1 algae, respectively). The t½ of fenitrothion in the aquatic media without algae was 30.7 hours whereas with live algae in the media the t½ decreased to 15.8 hours. Photolytic degradation and sorption of fenitrothion were both augmented in the light exposed sets containing algae, thus significantly affecting the t½ of the fenitrothion in the water compartment.
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Moreira, Gláucia de Oliveira, José Dirceu Ribeiro, and Antonia Terezinha Tresoldi. "Utilidade de um escore e de variáveis indicativas de drenagem pleural em crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 31, no. 3 (June 2005): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132005000300005.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A decisão pela drenagem do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças é controversa. Uma parceria entre pediatras e cirurgiões deu origem a um escore indicativo de drenagem torácica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilidade do escore na indicação de drenagem torácica para tratamento do derrame pleural parapneumônico em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, com 250 pacientes internados com derrame pleural parapneumônico, em hospital de referência terciário (1994 a 1999). As variáveis estudadas foram: condições clínicas, radiogramas torácicos, exames bacteriológicos e bioquímicos do líquido pleural, escore e tratamento. O escore baseava-se em quatro categorias: aspecto macroscópico do fluido pleural, radiograma de tórax, exames laboratoriais e segunda toracocentese. Escore > 5,5 era indicativo de drenagem torácica. RESULTADOS: Derrame pleural parapneumônico ocorreu em 304 das 941 crianças com pneumonia (32,2%). Das 250 incluídas, 146 eram do sexo masculino (58,4%), com média de idade de três anos (mediana de dois). Os valores de corte obtidos na Receiver operating characteristic para sugerir drenagem pleural foram: pH < 7,29 (sensibilidade de 89,2%; especificidade de 76,5%), escore > 5,0 (sensibilidade de 68,7%; especificidade de 81,7%); tanto estes valores quanto os relatados na literatura de pH < 7,0 e glicose < 40 relacionaram-se à necessidade de drenagem (p = 0,001). A desidrogenase lática não se mostrou bom parâmetro para indicação de drenagem. CONCLUSÃO: Além do aspecto purulento, pH < 7,29 e escore foram os melhores preditores de drenagem em pacientes pediátricos com derrame pleural parapneumônico. Entretanto, sugere-se readequar alguns dos itens do escore, para sua melhor aplicação.
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James, Spencer L., Lydia R. Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox, Erin B. Hamilton, et al. "The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." Injury Prevention 26, Supp 1 (January 15, 2020): i3—i11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043286.
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BackgroundFalls can lead to severe health loss including death. Past research has shown that falls are an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) provides a comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality from falls.MethodsEstimates for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were produced for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017 for all ages using the GBD 2017 framework. Distributions of the bodily injury (eg, hip fracture) were estimated using hospital records.ResultsGlobally, the age-standardised incidence of falls was 2238 (1990–2532) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 3.7% (7.4 to 0.3) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised prevalence was 5186 (4622–5849) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 6.5% (7.6 to 5.4) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised mortality rate was 9.2 (8.5–9.8) per 100 000 which equated to 695 771 (644 927–741 720) deaths in 2017. Globally, falls resulted in 16 688 088 (15 101 897–17 636 830) YLLs, 19 252 699 (13 725 429–26 140 433) YLDs and 35 940 787 (30 185 695–42 903 289) DALYs across all ages. The most common injury sustained by fall victims is fracture of patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle. Globally, age-specific YLD rates increased with age.ConclusionsThis study shows that the burden of falls is substantial. Investing in further research, fall prevention strategies and access to care is critical.
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Dhawan, S., A. Goobar, M. Smith, J. Johansson, M. Rigault, J. Nordin, R. Biswas, et al. "The Zwicky Transient Facility Type Ia supernova survey: first data release and results." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 2228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3093.
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ABSTRACT Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the nearby Hubble flow are excellent distance indicators in cosmology. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has observed a large sample of SNe from an untargeted, rolling survey, reaching 20.8, 20.6, and 20.3 mag in g r, and i band, respectively. With an FoV of 47 deg2, ZTF discovered > 3000 SNe Ia in a little over 2.5 yr. Here, we report on the sample of 761 spectroscopically classified SNe Ia from the first year of operations (DR1). The sample has a median redshift $\bar{z} =$ 0.057, nearly a factor of 2 higher than the current low-z sample. Our sample has a total of 934 spectra, of which 632 were obtained with the robotic SEDm on Palomar P60. We assess the potential for precision cosmology for a total of 305 SNe with redshifts from host galaxy spectra. The sample is already comparable in size to the entire combined literature low-z anchor sample. The median first detection is 13.5 d before maximum light, about 10 d earlier than the median in the literature. Furthermore, six SNe from our sample are at DL < 80 Mpc, for which host galaxy distances can be obtained in the JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE era, such that we have calibrator and Hubble flow SNe observed with the same instrument. In the entire duration of ZTF-I, we have observed nearly 50 SNe for which we can obtain calibrator distances, key for per cent level distance scale measurements.
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Díez, C., B. Trigal, J. N. Caamaño, M. Muñoz, E. Correia, D. Martín, S. Carrocera, C. Pribenszky, and E. Gómez. "63 QUALITY OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO FROM IMMATURE OOCYTES TREATED WITH A SUBLETHAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab63.
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High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment of immature porcine oocytes improves embryo development rates and cell numbers (Pribenszky et al. 2008 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 106, 200–207). However, it is unknown if similar effects can be obtained with bovine oocytes and how HHP affects cryopreservation of the developed blastocysts. In this work, we analyzed the effect of an HHP treatment (Cryo-Innovation Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) on bovine cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) as determined by their developmental ability and embryo quality. Immature COC were submitted to a pressure treatment (200 bar, 1 h at 37°C; HHP group; n = 643) in HEPES-buffered TCM199. Simultaneously, a group of COC was held at 37°C for 1 h (T group; n = 304) in HEPES-buffered TCM199, while other COC were untreated (n = 1182). After in vitro maturation, COC were fertilized in vitro (IVF) and cultured in modified SOF + 6 g L–1 BSA (Holm et al. 1999 Theriogenology 52, 683–700), and embryo development was recorded (5 replicates). Day 7 and 8 excellent- and good-quality embryos were selected for vitrification (cryologic vitrification method; Trigal et al. 2012 Theriogenology 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.018). After warming, vitrified blastocysts were cultured in modified SOF + 6 g L–1 BSA + 10% FCS for 48 h (3 replicates). Those blastocysts hatching after warming (at 24 and 48 h) were fixed and stained for differential cell counts. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and REGWQ test and are presented as least squares means ± standard error. The HHP-treated oocytes showed increased development rates on Day 3 (Day 3 ≥5-cell embryos: 64.5 ± 2.9a, 53.4 ± 3.9b, 56.7 ± 2.2b for HHP, T, and untreated groups, respectively; a v. b: P < 0.05); however, D8 blastocyst rates were not affected by the pressure treatment (28.5 ± 1.6, 26.4 ± 2.2, and 27.8 ± 1.3 for HHP, T, and untreated groups, respectively). Treatment did not affect survival rates to vitrification (2-h re-expansion rates: 100 ± 6.7, 100 ± 6.7, and 95.4 ± 6.7; 48-h hatching rates: 58.1 ± 9.4, 71.2 ± 9.4, and 62.3 ± 9.4, for HHP, T, and untreated, respectively). Embryos that hatched after warming did not differ in inner cell mass and trophectoderm cell counts (inner cell mass: 15.0 ± 1.9, 12.7 ± 3.0, and 13.0 ± 2.0; trophectoderm: 133.6 ± 8.4, 137.3 ± 12.8, and 138.4 ± 8.6 for HHP, T, and untreated groups, respectively; P > 0.05). Complementary studies are needed to analyze the effects of a sublethal stress in bovine oocytes on the subsequent embryo production and quality. Species-specific mechanisms could underlie the differences in results obtained in bovine and porcine. RTA2011-00090 (FEDER-INIA). Muñoz, Trigal, and Correia are sponsored by RYC08-03454, Cajastur, and FPU2009-5265, respectively.
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Gordon, Derek, Christina E. Gray, Graham H. Beastall, and John A. Thomson. "The effects of pulsatile GnRH infusion upon the diurnal variations in serum LH and testosterone in pre-pubertal and pubertal boys." Acta Endocrinologica 121, no. 2 (August 1989): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1210241.
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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exogenous GnRH pulsatile infusions on the diurnal variations of LH and testosterone secretion which occur in late pre-puberty and early puberty. GnRH infusions were administered to 12 short stature males in pre-puberty or early puberty, over 6-day periods. In 6 patients, GnRH doses of 2.5, 7.5 and 15 μg/pulse were used and 24-h profiles of serum LH and testosterone were measured before and at the end of the infusions. In the remaining 6 patients GnRH was administered at a dose of 7.5 μg/pulse and profiles between 21.00 and 06.00 h the following day were determined. Pre-infusion profiles demonstrated nocturnal LH and testosterone rises in all patients. Median pre-infusion serum LH prior to midnight was 2.2 U/l (range 1.0–5.4) rising to 3.7 U/l (range 1.9–10.7) during GnRH administration (p < 0.005). After midnight, median pre-treatment serum LH concentration was 4.3 U/l (range 2.7–7.5) which remained unaltered by GnRH administration (median 4.8 U/l, range 2.9–7.9, p > 0.05). Median pre-therapy serum testosterone before midnight was 0.8 nmol/l (range 0.1−7.1) rising significantly (p < 0.05) to 4.1 nmol/l (range 0.2–8.0). Following therapy, post-midnight median serum testosterone rose from 4.8 (range 0.4–9.4) to 7.0 nmol/l (range 0.5–13.9, p > 0.05). Diurnal variation in LH and testosterone secretion, therefore, is maintained during exogenous GnRH administration to pre-pubertal and pubertal boys. Response to exogenous GnRH pulses may be significantly influenced by endogenous GnRH.
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Perondi, Paula Roberta, Pedro Henrique Cabral Oliveira, Alessandra Cassoni, André Figueiredo Reis, and José Augusto Rodrigues. "Ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of glass ionomer materials." Brazilian Dental Science 17, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2014.v17i1.949.
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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> This study evaluated the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness (µKH) of conventional (CO) and hybrid resin-modified glass ionomer (RM). <strong>Material and methods:</strong> Nine specimens to UTS and twelve for µKHN of glass ionomer materials were obtained using special molds. The materials were manipulated and CO groups were allowed to self-cure for five minutes and RM were subjected to light-activation as indicated by manufactures through a glass slide. All specimens were dark-stored in 100% relative humidity for 24h. For UTS test, specimens were tested in tension in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed of 1 mm/min) until failure. For µKHN test a Knoop diamond indenter was used to make five indentations in the upper/light irradiated surface of the specimens. UTS and µKHN data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α= 5%). <strong>Results:</strong> The results for UTS were: Ionomaster: 7.0 (±1.6)A; Maxxion R: 8.8 (±3.7)A Vidrion R: 8.8 (±3.9)A; ChemFil Rock: 10.7 (±4.6)AB; Vitremer: 13.1 (±3.3)BC; Vitrofil R: 14.9 (±7.8)CD; Ionoseal: 14.5 (±8.2)CD; Resiglass: 16.3 (±2.3)D. The results for µKH: Ionomaster: 24.3 (±6.6)B; Maxxion R: 17.7 (±4.7)A, Vidrion R: 31.0 (±9.4) B; ChemFil Rock: 31.1 (±8.5)B; Vitremer: 20.3 (±3.3)A; Vitrofil R: 16.5 (±5.1)A; Ionoseal: 13.1 (±8.5)A; Resiglass: 21.6 (±5.2)A. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It was observed that the hybrid resin-modified ionomers generally have higher cohesive strength than conventional ones, but lower microhardness.</p>
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Sewell, Gary H., and Richard H. Storch. "Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.137.
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Abstract Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replicates each. Experiments CPB-A and B were planted 16 and 20 May, respectively, at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1990. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the whole seed pieces (ca 75 g) were planted 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by three foliar applications of Dithane M-45 (80 WP) (1.12 kg/ha on 18 and 26 Jul and 2 Aug) and Bravo 720 (840 g/ha on 9 and 23 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 940 liters/ha volume. Numbers of larvae and adults were counted weekly on 25 whole plants in the middle row of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, beetle counts were made prior to application of insecticides. Analyses or variance were calculated following transformations of data using log10(x + 1). Transformed means of the sum of larvae and adult beetles were compared using DMRT and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was 3.7, 1.9, and 21.7 cm, respectively. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.1, 19.0, and 19.3 deg. C.
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Tsoukos, Athanasios, and Gregory C. Bogdanis. "The Effects of a Five-Month Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on Physical Fitness Parameters in Adolescent Students: A Comparison between Cohorts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010326.
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Background: This study examined the effects of a five-month lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness parameters in urban adolescent male and female students. Methods: Two hundred and ninety-three male and female students (age: 15.8 ± 0.3 years) who attended the fourth grade of the same high school during the years 2016–2017 (first control group), 2018–2019 (second control group) and 2020–2021 (lockdown group) took part in the present study. Results: The percentage of overweight and obese students, according to body mass index, increased in males from 16.0% (2016–2017) and 14.6% (2018–2019), to 36.7% in 2020–2021 (p < 0.01), and in females from 8.6% (2016–2017) and 7.0% (2016–2017), to 25.6% in 2020–2021 (p < 0.01). Lower body fitness, as assessed by jumping, sprinting and agility tests, was impaired for both males and females after the lockdown compared with the 2016–2017 and 2018–2019 cohorts (vertical jumps: 10.4–15.1%; p < 0.01; d = 0.58–1.01, 30 m sprint: 3.7–4.9%; p < 0.01; d = 0.62–0.74; 505 agility test: from 6.1% to 9.4%; p < 0.01; d = 0.80–1.04). However, flexibility and performance in upper-body fitness tests (handgrip maximum isometric strength and medicine ball throws with different loads) was significantly reduced only in males after the lockdown (p < 0.05 to 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that a five-month lockdown negative influenced the physical fitness of adolescent students. Notably, greater reductions were observed in upper body strength, power and flexibility in males than in females. These results highlight the need to maintain strength, power and body mass during long periods of inactivity in adolescent populations.
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Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Karen S., Wiolene M. Nordi, Désirée Gellatly, Daniela M. Meléndez, Timothy D. Schwinghamer, Sonia Marti, Kelly S. Anklam, Dorte Dopfer, and Joyce Van Donkersgoed. "PSV-13 Incidence of infectious and non-infectious feet lesions and their association with carcass quality in sheep at a slaughter plant in Alberta." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.416.
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Abstract Infectious and non-infectious feet lesions (FL) in livestock have been associated with reduced welfare, production, carcass and meat quality. Currently, the incidence of FL in sheep and its relationship with carcass quality has not been documented in Canada. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the incidence and type of lesions in Alberta sheep at slaughter and 2) the relationship between FL and carcass quality. A total of 4,487 sheep carcasses were assessed for FL at a slaughter plant in Alberta, Canada between October 2017 and March 2019. Approximately 300 sheep were evaluated monthly by two experienced observers who recorded common infectious (IN) and non-infectious (NIN) lesions. In addition, carcass information including hot carcass weight (HCW), and back fat thickness (BFT) were obtained from the slaughter plant records. Data were analyzed by multivariable regression models using SAS PROC GLIMMIX. Overall, FL incidence was 9.4% (7.0% having one lesion and 2.4% having more than one lesion). Infectious lesions accounted for 45.7% of all lesions [footrot (37.1%), interdigital dermatitis (7.3%), and contagious ecthyma (1.3%)], while NIN lesions accounted for 54.3% [overgrown horn (21.9%), injury (13.6%), laminitis (10.2%), and other lesions (8.6%)]. Sheep with IN had lower BFT (13.5 ± 1.32 cm, P = 0.0002) and HCW (51.5 ± 1.89 kg, P = 0.0189) than NIN (15.8 ± 1.51 cm and 54.7 ± 1.97 kg, respectively). For every 1 cm decrease in BFT and 1 kg decrease in HCW the odds of IN increased by 0.89 (P < 0.0001) and 0.98 (P = 0.0229), respectively. Based on our findings, foot lesions are a significant issue for the Canadian sheep industry and infectious lesions may have greater detrimental effect on carcass quality than non-infectious lesions. Further studies are necessary to understand the relationship of carcass quality and feet lesion.
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van Nieuwenhuizen, Koen M., Ilonca Vaartjes, Jamie I. Verhoeven, Gabriel JE Rinkel, L. Jaap Kappelle, Floris HBM Schreuder, and Catharina JM Klijn. "Long-term prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage." European Stroke Journal 5, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396987320953394.
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Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), ischaemic stroke, all stroke, any vascular event and all-cause mortality in 30-day survivors of ICH, according to age and sex. Patients and methods We linked national hospital discharge, population and cause of death registers to obtain a cohort of Dutch 30-day survivors of ICH from 1998 to 2010. We calculated cumulative incidences of recurrent ICH, ischaemic stroke, all stroke and composite vascular outcome, adjusted for competing risk of death and all-cause mortality. Additionally, we compared survival with the general population. Results We included 19,444 ICH-survivors (52% male; median age 72 years, interquartile range 61–79; 78,654 patient-years of follow-up). First-year cumulative incidence of recurrent ICH ranged from 1.5% (95% confidence interval 0.9–2.3; men 35–54 years) to 2.4% (2.0–2.9; women 75–94 years). Depending on age and sex, 10-year risk of recurrent ICH ranged from 3.7% (2.6–5.1; men 35–54 years) to 8.1% (6.9–9.4; women 55–74 years); ischaemic stroke 2.6% to 7.0%, of all stroke 9.9% to 26.2% and of any vascular event 15.0% to 40.4%. Ten-year mortality ranged from 16.7% (35–54 years) to 90.0% (75–94 years). Relative survival was lower in all age-groups of both sexes, ranging from 0.83 (0.80–0.87) in 35- to 54-year-old men to 0.28 (0.24–0.32) in 75- to 94-year-old women. Discussion ICH-survivors are at high risk of recurrent ICH, of ischaemic stroke and other vascular events, and have a sustained reduced survival rate compared to the general population. Conclusion The high risk of recurrent ICH, other vascular events and prolonged reduced survival-rates warrant clinical trials to determine optimal secondary prevention treatment after ICH.
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Mundt, M. W., T. Hausken, and M. Samsom. "Effect of intragastric barostat bag on proximal and distal gastric accommodation in response to liquid meal." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): G681—G686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00499.2001.
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The barostat is the gold standard for measurement of proximal gastric accommodation. Ultrasonography can be used to measure gastric volume. The aim was to investigate the effects of the barostat bag on gastric accommodation and transpyloric flow. Accommodation after a liquid meal (300 ml, 450 kcal) was measured twice at random in eight healthy volunteers. Proximal accommodation was measured once using barostat and once using ultrasound (US). Antrum accommodation was measured using US. Bag volume (BV), antral area (AA), proximal gastric area, and proximal gastric diameter (PGD) data were assessed before and 1, 5, 15, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min postprandially. Transpyloric flow was measured using Doppler 1–5 min postprandially. Fasted, AA size was not affected by the barostat bag (1 mmHg > minimal distension pressure; 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.3 cm2). Postprandially, AAs were larger with the bag present (ANOVA, P < 0.04). Maximum AA was reached with the bag in 5 min, without the bag in 1 min postprandially (15.1 ± 2.3 vs. 9.4 ± 1.5 cm2; P < 0.03). Furthermore, AAs were related to BVs ( r = 0.57; P < 0.01). After bag deflation, AA decreased (11.9 ± 1.8 to 7.0 ± 0.9 cm2; P = 0.02) and was comparable with the 60-min AA size without the bag (7.1 ± 1.2 cm2; P = 0.76) present. Proximal gastric radius calculated from the BVs and PGDs was larger with the bag present (ANOVA, P < 0.001). No effect on early gastric emptying was observed. Postprandially, the barostat bag causes dilatation of the antrum due to meal displacement without influencing early gastric emptying. This antral dilatation is likely to induce exaggerated proximal gastric relaxation observed in studies using the barostat to evaluate fundic accommodation.
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Hackney, Madeleine E., Eeshani Singh, Ella Leeth, Allison Bay, and Liang Ni. "MEN WITH PARKINSON'S MAY HAVE GREATER DISEASE BURDEN IN ASPECTS OF COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION THAN WOMEN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S948—S949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3445.
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Abstract Early in PD, women may experience a more benign disease course than man. Limited research has examined differences between men and women with moderate, treated PD with a mean duration >5 y. Retrospective analyses were performed on data collected from studies, conducted 2011–2019, that assessed motor, cognitive and psychosocial function in 199 people with PD (women=72). We compared performance using univariate analyses, adjusting for age, housing type and education. Men and women patients were not different in PD stage (Stage Mdn= 2, IQR=.5), age (mean±SD; 69.1± 8.9 y), education (16.4 ± 2.3 y), number of medications (5.9±4.1), comorbidities (3.4±1.8), physical function, nor time with PD (6.6±4.6 y). Women were more likely to live in assisted living or senior residences (p=.005). Men gave more correct answers in subtraction, (8.8 ± 4.0 vs. 6.4±3.7; p<.001) but sexes did not differ in percent correct. On the MDS-UPDRS, Men exhibited more burden in subjectively rated non-motor (13.4 ± 7.6 vs. 10.7±7.3; p=.013), and motor experiences of daily living (16.9±8.9 vs. 10.6±7.1; p<.001) and motor symptoms (34.1 ± 12.1 vs. 31.8±12.2; p=.014). Men performed worse at inhibition (6.4±4.6 vs. 7.8 ± 5.0; p=.014) but made fewer errors on inhibition/switching (7.0±3.9 vs.7.8±4.4; p=.05). Men had higher depression scores: 12.5±8.9 vs. 9.4±7.8; p=.016. No differences in performance on spatial cognition were noted. Men with moderate PD were more depressed, had worse motor and cognitive function, non-motor and motor experiences of daily living and motor symptoms than women. Sex-tailored therapies may reduce differences in performance between sexes.
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Schreuder, Anton, Cornelia M. Schaefer-Prokop, Ernst T. Scholten, Colin Jacobs, Mathias Prokop, and Bram van Ginneken. "Lung cancer risk to personalise annual and biennial follow-up computed tomography screening." Thorax 73, no. 7 (March 30, 2018): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211107.
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BackgroundAll lung cancer CT screening trials used fixed follow-up intervals, which may not be optimal. We developed new lung cancer risk models for personalising screening intervals to 1 year or 2 years, and compared these with existing models.MethodsWe included participants in the CT arm of the National Lung Screening Trial (2002–2010) who underwent a baseline scan and a first annual follow-up scan and were not diagnosed with lung cancer in the first year. True and false positives and the area under the curve of each model were calculated. Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.ResultsData from 24 542 participants were included in the analysis. The accuracy was 0.785, 0.693, 0.697, 0.666 and 0.727 for the polynomial, patient characteristics, diameter, Patz and PanCan models, respectively. Of the 24 542 participants included, 174 (0.71%) were diagnosed with lung cancer between the first and the second annual follow-ups. Using the polynomial model, 2558 (10.4%, 95% CI 10.0% to 10.8%), 7544 (30.7%, 30.2% to 31.3%), 10 947 (44.6%, 44.0% to 45.2%), 16 710 (68.1%, 67.5% to 68.7%) and 20 023 (81.6%, 81.1% to 92.1%) of the 24 368 participants who did not develop lung cancer in the year following the first follow-up screening round could have safely skipped it, at the expense of delayed diagnosis of 0 (0.0%, 0.0% to 2.7%), 8 (4.6%, 2.2% to 9.2%), 17 (9.8%, 6.0% to 15.4%), 44 (25.3%, 19.2% to 32.5%) and 70 (40.2%, 33.0% to 47.9%) of the 174 lung cancers, respectively.ConclusionsThe polynomial model, using both patient characteristics and baseline scan morphology, was significantly superior in assigning participants to 1-year or 2-year screening intervals. Implementing personalised follow-up intervals would enable hundreds of participants to skip a screening round per lung cancer diagnosis delayed.
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Souza-Fabjan, J. M. G., E. Corbin, Y. Locatelli, N. Duffard, C. Perreau, V. J. F. Freitas, and P. Mermillod. "306 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IN VITRO MATURATION MEDIA ON DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF GOAT OOCYTES ALREADY FOUND DENUDED AT COLLECTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab306.
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A grade classification (I, II, and III) based on the number of cumulus layers and oocyte morphology is currently used by many laboratories. Oocytes found denuded at collection (grade III) are considered not suitable and routinely discarded. Thus, if a particular strategy could be applied to their use in labour-intensive processes, such as ovum pickup, it would be a benefit. This experiment was performed to examine the effect of IVM medium composition to produce goat embryos in vitro using oocytes already found denuded at collection (DOC). In total, 411 DOC and 141 intact COC (control treatment) obtained by slaughterhouse ovaries were analysed in 4 replicates. The maturation medium consisted in TCM199 supplemented either with (1) 10 ng mL–1 of EGF and 100 µM cysteamine (simplified); (2) 10 ng mL–1 of EGF, 5 IU mL–1 of hCG, 10 IU mL–1 of eCG, 19 ng mL–1 of IGF-1, 2.2 ng mL–1 of FGF, 5 µg mL–1 of ITS, 90 µg mL–1 of l-cystein, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 75 µg mL–1 of vitamin C, 720 µg mL–1 of glycine, 0.1 mg mL–1 of glutamine, and 110 µg mL–1 of pyruvate (semidefined); or (3) 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 µM cysteamine, and 50 ng mL–1 of oFSH (complex). Both DOC and COC were subjected to IVM, IVF, and IVD as previously described (Souza-Fabjan et al. 2014, Theriogenology 81, 1021–31). The COC were matured only in simplified medium. On Day 8, all expanded blastocysts were fixed and stained with Hoechst for cell counting. Statistical analysis was performed using all tests with a significant interval of 95%. All variables were compared among treatments using ANOVA and SNK test. The results are described as mean per replicate ± s.e.m. No significant differences were found in simplified, semidefined, or complex medium, respectively, in cleavage rate (52 ± 7.5, 60 ± 9.4, or 51 ± 15.0%), blastocyst from cleaved (36 ± 3.9, 39 ± 9.3, or 41 ± 4.8%), blastocyst from initial DOC (19 ± 5.0, 23 ± 8.1, or 21 ± 3.3%), hatching rate (55 ± 22.9, 55 ± 15.9, or 52 ± 14.8%), or total blastomeres number (184 ± 12.6, 179 ± 12.4, or 190 ± 13.8). The control COC showed no significant differences to any DOC treatment on cleavage (77 ± 3.4%) and blastocyst from cleaved (60 ± 2.2%). However, the blastocyst rate from initial COC was higher (46 ± 0.5%; P < 0.05) than all DOC treatments. Even though the blastocyst yield was lower than COC (~21 v. 46%), it is reasonable to affirm that it is possible to produce embryos from oocytes that would not be utilised, which may represent additional number of embryos. The blastocyst cell numbers in COC (192 ± 13.7) were similar (P > 0.05) to DOC, indicating that the goat embryos produced were of good quality. In conclusion, the inclusion of more complex substances in IVM media did not increase the development rate of DOC and, therefore, more simple IVM media could be used for this purpose. Finally, the goat embryos produced had satisfactorily number of blastomeres, demonstrating that the in vitro development step is able to generate good quality embryos from grade III oocytes. Therefore, some oocytes that in general would be discarded will develop to blastocysts and may represent benefits, especially after ovum pick-up from genetically valuable goats.
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Van der Heijde, D., L. S. Gensler, A. Deodhar, X. Baraliakos, D. Poddubnyy, A. Kivitz, M. K. Farmer, et al. "OP0105 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BIMEKIZUMAB IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: 48-WEEK PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES FROM A PHASE 2B, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOSE-RANGING STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.323.
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Background:Bimekizumab (BKZ), a monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralises interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, is a potential therapeutic option in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Objectives:To report 48-week (wk) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients (pts) with AS treated with BKZ in a phase 2b dose-ranging study (BE-AGILE;NCT02963506).Methods:Pts with active AS (Bath AS Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] ≥4; spinal pain ≥4 [0–10]), fulfilling modified New York criteria (central reading), and inadequate response/intolerance to NSAIDs were randomised according to the study design (Figure 1). PROs included spinal pain, fatigue (BASDAI Q1), morning stiffness (mean of BASDAI Q5 + 6), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Problems Index II and AS Quality of Life questionnaire (ASQoL). Efficacy is reported for pts initially randomised to placebo (PBO) or BKZ 160/320 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W); treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) are reported for pts who received ≥1 dose of study drug (Safety Set).Results:Of 303 pts, 181 were randomised to PBO or BKZ 160/320 Q4W mg at Wk 0; 179/181 completed Wk 12 and 161/181 completed Wk 48. At Wk 12, improvements in pain, fatigue, morning stiffness, BASFI, sleep and ASQoL were greater in BKZ pts vs PBO pts. Responses were further improved or maintained to Wk 48, with no meaningful differences between BKZ 160 mg and 320 mg (Table 1). Serious TEAEs occurred in 13/303 (4.3%) pts (Table 2), which included 2 major adverse cardiac events considered not related to study drug. Oral candidiasis occurred in 16 (5.3%) pts.Table 1.PRO efficacy endpoints to Week 48 (multiple imputation)Mean (SD)WkPBO – BKZ 160 mg(n=24)PBO – BKZ 320 mg(n=36)BKZ 160 mg(n=58)BKZ 320 mg(n=61)Spinal pain06.9 (1.4)7.0 (1.9)6.6 (2.0)7.3 (1.5)CfB12-1.5 (1.6)-0.7 (1.7)-2.6 (2.2)-3.6 (2.4)48-3.7 (2.0)-3.7 (2.6)-3.8 (2.4)-4.7 (2.1)Fatigue06.4 (1.7)6.8 (1.6)6.4 (1.7)6.4 (1.9)CfB12-0.7 (2.5)-1.0 (1.7)-2.1 (2.2)-2.1 (2.5)48-2.7 (2.2)-2.8 (2.4)-3.1 (2.1)-3.3 (2.4)Morning stiffness06.9 (1.7)6.7 (2.0)6.5 (1.8)6.6 (2.1)CfB12-1.5 (1.7)-1.1 (1.5)-2.8 (2.0)-3.4 (2.7)48-3.9 (2.2)-3.6 (2.4)-3.9 (2.2)-4.4 (2.4)BASFI05.8 (1.8)5.5 (2.2)5.5 (2.2)5.9 (2.0)CfB12-1.0 (2.1)-0.3 (1.7)-1.7 (1.8)-2.2 (2.0)48-2.9 (2.2)-2.4 (2.2)-2.5 (2.0)-2.9 (2.2)MOS Sleep Problems Index II045.5 (8.1)45.3 (7.9)46.9 (7.5)47.2 (9.4)CfB122.1 (8.3)1.8 (6.8)5.6 (6.7)6.8 (7.5)487.6 (8.7)8.0 (9.1)6.5 (6.1)8.0 (7.9)ASQoL08.4 (4.7)9.2 (4.7)8.4 (4.3)8.7 (4.3)CfB12-1.3 (5.5)-1.3 (3.7)-3.5 (4.3)-4.6 (4.8)48-4.2 (5.6)-5.3 (5.6)-4.9 (4.1)-5.4 (4.8)CfB: change from baselineTable 2.Overview of TEAEs to Week 48 (Safety Set; N=303)n (%)BKZ 160 mg(n=149)BKZ 320 mg(n=150)All BKZ [a](N=303)Any TEAE103 (69.1)122 (81.3)235 (77.6)Drug-related TEAEs48 (32.2)54 (36.0)110 (36.3)Serious TEAEs5 (3.4)6 (4.0)13 (4.3)Discontinuations due to TEAEs7 (4.7)10 (6.7)20 (6.6)[a] Includes TEAEs for 16 and 64 mg BKZConclusion:Pts with active AS demonstrated rapid and sustained improvements in PROs, sleep and quality of life over 48 wks of BKZ treatment. BKZ was generally well tolerated with no unexpected safety findings versus previous studies.Acknowledgments:This study was funded by UCB Pharma. Editorial services were provided by Costello Medical.Disclosure of Interests:Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Lianne S. Gensler Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, UCB, Atul Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Denis Poddubnyy Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Alan Kivitz Shareholder of: AbbVie, Amgen, Gilead, GSK, Pfizer Inc, Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Flexion, Genzyme, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Regeneron, Sanofi, SUN Pharma Advanced Research, UCB, Paid instructor for: Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celgene, Flexion, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Regeneron, Sanofi, Mary Katherine Farmer Employee of: UCB Pharma, Dominique Baeten Employee of: UCB Pharma, Nadine Goldammer Employee of: UCB Pharma, Jason Coarse Employee of: UCB Pharma, Marga Oortgiesen Employee of: UCB Pharma, Maxime Dougados Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma
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Rosati, B., M. Gysel, F. Rubach, T. F. Mentel, B. Goger, L. Poulain, P. Schlag, et al. "Vertical profiling of aerosol hygroscopic properties in the planetary boundary layer during the PEGASOS campaigns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 6 (March 31, 2015): 9445–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-9445-2015.
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Abstract. Airborne measurements of the aerosol hygroscopic and optical properties as well as chemical composition were performed in the Netherlands and northern Italy on board of a Zeppelin NT airship during the PEGASOS field campaigns in 2012. The vertical changes in aerosol properties during the development of the mixing layer were studied. Hygroscopic growth factors (GF) at 95% relative humidity were determined using the white-light humidified optical particles spectrometer (WHOPS) for dry diameters of 300 and 500 nm particles. These measurements were supplemented by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and an aethalometer providing information on the aerosol chemical composition. Several vertical profiles between 100 and 700 m a.g. were flown just after sunrise close to the San Pietro Capofiume ground station in the Po Valley, Italy. During the early morning hours the lowest layer (newly developing mixing layer) contained a high nitrate fraction (20%) which was coupled with enhanced hygroscopic growth. In the layer above (residual layer) small nitrate fractions of ~ 2% were measured as well as low GFs. After full mixing of the layers, typically around noon and with increased temperature, the nitrate fraction decreased to 2% at all altitudes and led to similar hygroscopicity values as found in the residual layer. These distinct vertical and temporal changes underline the importance of airborne campaigns to study aerosol properties during the development of the mixed layer. The aerosol was externally mixed with 22 and 67% of the 500 nm particles in the range GF < 1.1 and GF > 1.5, respectively. Contributors to the non-hygroscopic mode in the observed size range are most likely mineral dust and biological material. Mean hygroscopicity parameters (κ) were 0.34, 0.19 and 0.18 for particles in the newly forming mixing layer, residual layer and fully mixed layer, respectively. These results agree well with those from chemical analysis which found values of κ = 0.27, 0.21 and 0.19 for the three layers. The highest κ values in the new mixed layer and lower values in the fully developed mixed layer were additionally confirmed by ground measurements. The aerosol sampled in the Netherlands did not show any altitude dependent characteristics because only the fully mixed layer or the entrainment zone between mixed and the residual layer were probed. The airborne hygroscopicity measurements agreed well with ground based composition measurements. However, the fraction of the hygroscopic particles (GF > 1.5) was enhanced compared to the results from Italy amounting to 82%, while 12% showed low hygroscopicity (GF < 1.1). The mean κ value measured by the WHOPS was 0.28 and therefore considerably higher than the value measured in the fully mixed layer in Italy. The effective index of refraction reached values of 1.43 and 1.42 for the 500 nm particles in Italy and the Netherlands, respectively. This coincides well with literature data for airmasses with predominant organic contribution as was the case during our flights.
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Van Lint, J., T. Bakker, P. Ten Klooster, H. Vonkeman, and N. Jessurun. "AB0254 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW DOSE METHOTREXATE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1153.1–1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.882.
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Background:Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (NPADRs) are well known with high dose methotrexate treatment. However, NPADRs have also been observed with low dose methotrexate (LDMTX) treatment in real world rheumatology data.Objectives:To evaluate the association between LDMTX and NPADRs, the impact of these NPADRs on further treatment and on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using real world data.Methods:The nature and frequency of NPADRs associated with LDMTX in the Dutch DREAM-RA registry were described. We assessed the causality of each NPADR with the Naranjo Probability Scale (NPS), the impact of NPADRs on further LDMTX treatment and the impact on patient reported HRQoL. NPADRs were structured using terminology of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities.Results:A total of 71 NPADRs (frequency 6.8%) associated with LDMTX were captured in the DREAM-RA registry. NPADRs were registered for 62 (5.9%) out of 1048 patients with 10.9 NPADRs per 1000 patient years (Table 1). The most frequently reported NPADRs were headache, dizziness and depression. The causality was considered probable for 67 NPADRs (94.4%) and definite for 1 NPADR (1.4%). The NPADRs led to LDMTX withdrawal in 34 cases (47.9%) and LDMTX was not restarted in 16 cases (47.1%). Median mental HRQoL was significantly decreased around the occurrence of the NPADR and remained significantly lower after the event. Median physical HRQoL was not significantly affected.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of DREAM-RA patients using methotrexate with at least one neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactionCharacteristics N=62N (%)Female sex40 (64.5%)Age in years, mean (± SD), range59.8 (± 13.1), 25 – 82Rheumatoid factorPositive43 (69.4%)Negative13 (21.0%)Unknown6 (9.7%)Anti-CCP, n (%)Positive34 (54.8%)Negative19 (30.7%)Unknown9 (14.5%)Methotrexate dosage in mg/week, mean (± SD)18.7 (± 5.9)Specific methotrexate dosage< 15 mg / week5 (7.0%)15 mg/week28 (39.4%)20 mg/week11 (15.5%)25 mg/week14 (19.7%)30 mg/week5 (7.0%)Unknown8 (11.3%)Concomitant medication at moment of NPADRFolic acid68 (95.8%)Prednisolone20 (28.2%)Anti-CCP: anti cyclic citrullinated peptides, NPADR: neuropsychiatric adverse drug reaction, SD: Standard DeviationConclusion:The association between NPADRs and LDMTX in RA patients was recognised by HCPs and frequently led to LDMTX withdrawal and a decrease in mental HRQoL. Many NPADRs scored ‘probable’ using the NPS. Knowledge on the nature, frequency and impact of these NPADRs will enhance attention towards potential NPADRs during LDMTX therapy allowing better risk assessment and communication to patients.Disclosure of Interests:Jette van Lint: None declared, Tom Bakker: None declared, Peter ten Klooster: None declared, Harald Vonkeman Consultant of: BMS, Celgene, Celltrion, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Naomi Jessurun: None declared
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Krishnan, V. G., Shi-qi Dou, and Alarich Weiss. "Structure and Bonding of Tribromocadmates, ACdBr3, A = NH4, Rb, Cs, CH3NH3, (CH3)2NH2, (CH3)4N], [H2NNH3, and (H2N)3C. An X-ray Diffraction and 79-81Br NQR Study." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1063–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-1212.
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Abstract The 79-81Br NQR spectra of tribromocadmates with the cations K⊕, NH4⊕, Rb⊕, Cs⊕, CH3NH3⊕, (CH3)2NH2⊕, (CH3)4N⊕, H2NNH3⊕, and C(NH2)3⊕ were studied as functions of temperature from 77 K on up to T>300 K. CsCdBr3 shows a singlet 81Br NQR spectrum over the whole temperature range studied. [CH3NH3]CdBr3, with one 81Br NQR line spectrum at room temperature, experiences a phase transition at 167 K; below this temperature an 18-line spectrum is observed. In [(CH3)4N]CdBr3 (phase II), at 290 K, a singlet 81Br NQR is present as is in the high temperature phase III (TII.1 , = 390 K); the low temperature phase III (TII,m, = 160 K has a triplet 81Br NQR spectrum. KCdBr3 shows an 81Br NQR doublet spectrum, as do RbCdBr3, [H2NNH3]CdBr3, and [C(NH2)3]CdBr3. 81Br NQR triplets are observed for [(CH3)2NH2]CdBr3 and NH4CdBr3. Several crystal structures were determined (at room temperature). [(CH3)4N]CdBr3: P63/m, Z = 2, a - 940 pm, c = 700 pm, disordered cation, single chain Perovskite with face connected [CdBr6]- octahedra (nearly CsNiCl3-type). [(CH3)2NH2]CdBr3: P21/c, Z = 4, a = 898 pm, 6 = 1377 pm, c = 698 pm, ß = 91.2°, face connected [CdBr3-octahedra single chain Perovskite. NH4CdBr3: Pnma, Z = 4, a = 950 pm, b = 417 pm, c= 1557 pm, with a double chain of condensed [CdBr6]-octahedra, NH4CdCl3-type. [N2H5]CdBr3: P2,/c, Z = 4, a = 395 pm, 6 = 1749 pm,c = 997 pm,ß = 94.2°, double chain polyanion similar to NH4CdBr3. [C(NH2)3]CdBr3: C2/c, Z = 4, a = 778 pm, 6 = 1598 pm, c = 746 pm, ß = 110.2°, a single chain Perovskite with a chain of condensed trigonal bipyramids [CdBr5]. Three types of anion chains of CdBr3 have been observed: Single octahedral chains, face connected; double octahedral chains, edge connected; a trigonal-bipyramidal chain, edge connected. The relation between the crystal structure and the Br NQR is discussed
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He, Jinghua, Cathy Anne Pinto, Xiaoqin Yang, Scott Diede, and Anne Deitz. "RARE-13. CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 (NF1) AND PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMAS (PN): A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN’S TUMOR FOUNDATION (CTF) REGISTRY DATA." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.936.
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Abstract BACKGROUND NF1-related PN can cause substantial morbidity, with no currently approved drug treatment available for PN treatment. Although surgery is the standard of care, complete resection of PN is often difficult due to encasement of vital structures and invasive and extensive PN growth. With limited real-world data among children with NF1-related PN, the study objectives were to describe the demographic, clinical characteristics, and treatment of these children. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of existing CTF web-based, patient-entered, registry data collected between 2012–2018 was conducted. To be included in analysis, patients had to complete at least one registry survey, and be ≤ 19 years of age at the time of first survey completion, with patient- or parent/ guardian reported diagnosis of NF1 and at least 1 PN. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on data collected from the first survey for each patient, to describe patient characteristics and treatment patterns. Results were stratified by region (US, ex-US). RESULTS The sample included 943 pediatric patients (n=750 US, n=193 ex-US). The majority (85.9%) were less than 5 years of age at NF1 diagnosis (US: 87.6%; ex-US: 79.3%). Approximately half were male, and half reported more than 1 PN. The most common PN site include head (15.1%) and neck (12.6%). More than half of patients received no treatment (53.1%) for their PN. The most common treatments reported for PN were surgery (27.0%) and chemotherapy or drug therapy (10.0%). These results were generally consistent across regions. A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) and optic glioma (OG) were diagnosed in 21 (2.2%) and 308 (32.7%) patients, respectively; a large proportion of OG patients remained untreated (57.5%). Too few ex-US patients were available for detailed regional analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a large proportion of children diagnosed with NF1-related PN remain untreated, highlighting a substantial unmet need.
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Simor, Andrew E., Tammy L. Stuart, Lisa Louie, Christine Watt, Marianne Ofner-Agostini, Denise Gravel, Michael Mulvey, et al. "Mupirocin-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Canadian Hospitals." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 11 (August 27, 2007): 3880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00846-07.
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ABSTRACT Mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly being reported in many parts of the world. This study describes the epidemiology and laboratory characterization of mupirocin-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in Canadian hospitals. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing of 4,980 MRSA isolates obtained between 1995 and 2004 from 32 Canadian hospitals was done in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of strains with high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMupr) were compared with those of mupirocin-susceptible (Mups) strains. MRSA strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and typing of the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec. PCR was done to detect the presence of the mupA gene. For strains with mupA, plasmid DNA was extracted and subjected to Southern blot hybridization. A total of 198 (4.0%) HLMupr MRSA isolates were identified. The proportion of MRSA strains with HLMupr increased from 1.6% in the first 5 years of surveillance (1995 to 1999) to 7.0% from 2000 to 2004 (P < 0.001). Patients with HLMupr MRSA strains were more likely to have been aboriginal (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 9.4; P = 0.006), to have had community-associated MRSA (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.0; P = 0.05), and to have been colonized with MRSA (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.0; P = 0.04). HLMupr MRSA strains were also more likely to be resistant to fusidic acid (21% versus 4% for mupirocin-susceptible strains; P < 0.001). All HLMupr MRSA strains had a plasmid-associated mupA gene, most often associated with a 9-kb HindIII fragment. PFGE typing and analysis of the plasmid profiles indicate that both plasmid transmission and the clonal spread of HLMupr MRSA have occurred in Canadian hospitals. These results indicate that the incidence of HLMupr is increasing among Canadian strains of MRSA and that HLMupr MRSA is recovered from patients with distinct clinical and epidemiologic characteristics compared to the characteristics of patents with Mups MRSA strains.