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Walbank, Michael B. "Notes on Attic Decrees." Annual of the British School at Athens 85 (November 1990): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015781.
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Several fragments of 4th-century BC Athenian decree-inscriptions are discussed. Joins are made betweenIGii2. 13a and 68 andHesperia, 40, no. 3;IGii2. 257 and 300; 242 and 373; 407 andSEG32. 94;IGii2. 309 and 552; 530 and 590. Attributed to the same stele, but not joining, areIGii2. 139 and 289; 277 and 428; 540a andSEG24. 117;IGii2. 540b andHesperia, 21, no. 17;IGii2. 286 and 625; 414a and 403; 398a (+ 438) and 612; 484 and 558; 489 and 532; 495 and 709; 405 andHesperia, 4, no. 32. Other decrees discussed, mainly in light of the work of A.S. Henry on the formulae of Athenian decrees, areIGii2. 44; 81; 121; 129; 147; 154; 155; 156; 285+ 414d; 321; 335; 364; 406; 416; 1001; andSEG21. 362 and 25. 85.
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Nose, Masako, Yoshiro Aoki, Yoshiko Kawase, Gen Suzuki, Makoto Akashi, and Atsuo Akanuma. "In vitro effects of OK-432 on irradiated mouse bone marrow cells." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 29, no. 3 (June 1994): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(94)90471-5.
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Saccocia, Peter J., and William E. Seyfried. "The solubility of chlorite solid solutions in 3.2 wt% NaCl fluids from 300–400°C, 500 bars." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, no. 2 (January 1994): 567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90489-8.
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Yousif, Hayder A., Abdul Rahim Norasmadi, Ahmad Faizal Bin Salleh, and Ammar Zakaria. "Evaluation of Lower Limb Muscles Fatigue and Force during Running 400-Meters Using Learning Machine." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 43 (November 2019): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.43.39.
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The main goal of this research work is to study and evaluate the muscles force and fatigue of Gastrocnemius Medialis (GMS), Gluteus Maximus (GM), and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) during running for 400-meters based on surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals. The sEMG signals of the selected muscles from the right leg have been collected by using bipolar electrodes from 15 subjects during the run on the tartan athletic track with two pacing strategies. The first strategy: 1st 200-meters running 87% - 94% of full speed and last 200-meters sprinting (full speed). The second strategy: 1st 300-meters running 87% - 94% of sprinting and last 100-meters sprinting. The rate of fatigue has been calculated by using Root Mean Square (RMS) and Median Frequency (MDF) features. Then, the slopes of linear regression were calculated from both RMS and MDF at each 100-meters. The linear slope values represented the rate of fatigue and force. From the results of 1st and 2nd running strategies, the force of GM and GL muscles increased during the 4th 100-meters of the 1st strategy and decreased with GM and GMS muscles during the 4th 100-meters of the 2nd strategy. The less index fatigues were during the 1st strategy for most selected muscles. Finally, it can be concluded the running with the 1st strategy get less fatigues and the force of most selected muscles increased compared with the 2nd strategy based on the results of time and frequency domain features (RMS and MDF).
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Negreiros, Fauston, Ellery Henrique Barros da Silva, and Jennifer Alves Lima. "ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAGEM NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: um estudo com universitários ribeirinhos do Piauí." Revista Educação e Emancipação 9, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2358-4319.v9n3p277-302.
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Este artigo resulta de estudos acerca dos estilos de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino superior do estado do Piauí, residentes em comunidades ribeirinhas. Desse modo, a metodologia utilizada foi a quanto-qualitativa e quanto aos seus objetivos de pesquisa é lassificada como exploratório-descritiva. Essa pesquisa teve a participação de 400 estudantes, sendo 105 do curso de Administração; 91 de Biologia; 94 de Enfermagem; 110 de Pedagogia. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário Preferências Perceptuais em Estilos de Aprendizagem Joy Reid. O material coletado foi analisado estatisticamente pelo programa GraphPadPrism. Seguidamente os dados foram tratados e confrontados com a técnica da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, seguindo suas três etapas: a análise sócio-histórica; a análise formal ou discursiva; a (re) interpretação. Os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para o melhor desenvolvimento dos discentes, com novas propostas metodológicas baseadas no estilo de aprendizado preferencial de cada curso, considerando as singularidades da formação e do mercado de trabalho. Palavras-chave: Estilos de aprendizagem. Aprendizagem. Ensino superior.LEARNING STYLES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: a study of Piauí bordering universityABSTRACTThis article is the result of studies on students’ learning styles of Piauí state of higher education, residents of riverside communities. Thus, the methodology used was quantitative qualitative and about their research objectives is classified as exploratory and descriptive. This survey was attended by 400 students, with 105 Administration course students; 91 Biology course; 94 of the nursing course; 110 from the Faculty of Education. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire Perceptual Preferences Joy Reid Learning Styles. The collected material was analyzed statistically by GraphPadPrism program. Then the data were analyzed and compared with the Depth Hermeneutics technique, following its three stages: a socio-historical analysis; the formal analysis or discursive; and (re)interpretation. The results may contribute to the better development of students, with new methodological proposals based on preferred learning style of each course, considering the peculiarities of training and the labor market.Keywords: Learning styles. Learning. Higher education.ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: un estudio de la universidad de Piauí bordeandoRESUMENEste artículo es el resultado de los estudios sobre los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de estado de Piauí de la educación superior, los residentes de las comunidades de ribera. Por lo tanto, la metodología utilizada fue cuanti-cualitativa y sobre sus objetivos de investigación se clasifica como exploratorio y descriptivo. Esta encuesta contó con la participación de 400 alumnos, con 105 estudiantes del curso de Administración; 91 del curso de Biología; 94 del curso de enfermería; 110 de la Facultad de Educación. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario de percepción Preferencias Estilos de Aprendizaje alegría Reid. El material recogido se analizó estadísticamente por el programa GraphPadPrism. A continuación, se analizaron y se compararon con la técnica profundidad hermenéutica, después de tres turbinas de los datos: un análisis socio-histórico; el análisis formal o discursivo; y (re) interpretación. Los resultados pueden contribuir a un mejor desarrollo de los estudiantes, con nuevas propuestas metodológicas basadas en el estilo preferido de aprendizaje de cada curso, teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades de la formación y el mercado laboral. Palabras clave: Estilos de Aprendizaje. El aprendizaje. Enseñanza superior.
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Prabowo, Heri, and I. G. A. A. Indrayani. "Keefektifan Nematoda Patogen Serangga Steinernema sp. Terhadap Achaea janata L., Serangga Pemakan Daun Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus communis)." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bultas.v5n2.2013.58-68.
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<p>Penggunaan pestisida kimia yang cukup tinggi pada akhir-akhir ini telah menimbulkan dampak negatif ter-hadap lingkungan, sehingga pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan sangat diperlukan. Saat ini, peng-gunaan nematoda entomopatogen terutama Steinernema sp., membuka peluang untuk digunakan sebagai pengendalian Achaea janata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Steinernema sp. ter-hadap A. Janata , dilaksanakan di laboratorium patologi serangga Balai Penelitan Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Penelitian menggunakan rancanagan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan. Setiap ulangan menggunakan 25 larva A. janata instar 2. Larva diekspose de-ngan berbagai variasi konsentrasi Steinernema sp. dan kematian larva diamati setiap hari sampai 120 jam setelah infeksi. Konsentrasi Steinernema sp. yang digunakan adalah 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva. Hasil penelitian pemberian Steinernema sp. pada konsentrasi 200, 300, dan 400 JI/larva cukup efektif untuk membunuh A. janata dengan persentase berkisar antara 80–94% mulai 48–120 jam setelah perlakuan. Se-makin tinggi konsentrasi nematoda, semakin tinggi mortalitas A. janata. Steinernema sp. dengan konsen-trasi 400 JI/larva paling efektif membunuh larva, menurunkan bobot larva, bobot pupa, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, dan fertilitas telur.</p><p> </p><p>High intensity of chemical pesticide application has become a serious concern of environmentalists in recent years, because of various negative impacts of it. Therefore, environmentally friendly techniques of controlling insect pest are needed. Recently, the use of entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Steinernema sp., has created new possibilities of promising control techniques against insect pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Steinernema sp. to A. janata larvae in laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Insti-tute from March to August 2011. Tests used the 2nd stage larvae of Achaea janata, the leaf eater of castor (Ricinus communis). Treatment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates. For each test used 25 larvae which were exposed to various concentrations of Steinernema sp. Concentration of Steinernema sp. used was 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 infective juvenile/larvae. Daily mortality A. janata larvae, larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and number of hatch eggs were recorded. Steinernema sp. on concentration of 200; 300; and 400 IJ/larvae was effective to cause mortality of A. janata larvae (80–94% mortality after 48–120 hours). The higher the concentration of the nematode the higher larval mortality. Steinernema sp. with concentration of 400 IJ/ larvae was effective decreasing larval and pupal weight, the number of eggs laid, and fertility of the eggs produced.</p>
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RUSMIN, DEVI, FAIZA C. SUWARNO, and IRENG DARWATI. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GA 3 PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DAN LAMA IMBIBISI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VIABILITAS BENIH PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 17, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.89-94.
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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman herbatahunan dari famili Apiaceae, yang hidup secara endemik pada habitatdengan ketinggian 1.800 - 3.000 m dari muka laut, dan pada saat initergolong tanaman langka. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pengembangantanaman ini adalah viabilitas benih saat masak fisiologis rendah (<25%).Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan yang bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat konsentrasi GA 3 dan lama imbibisi yang tepat untukmeningkatkan viabilitas potensial dan vigor benih purwoceng. Percobaandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian TanamanObat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai bulan November sampai denganDesember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancanganacak lengkap (RAL), dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertamaadalah enam taraf pemberian GA 3 , yaitu: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500ppm. Faktor kedua yang diuji dua taraf lama imbibisi benih yaitu: 24 dan48 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemberian GA 3 400 ppmdengan lama imbibisi 48 jam dapat meningkatkan daya berkecambah,potensi tumbuh maksimum, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan perkecambahanbenih purwoceng menjadi 1,5 - 2 kali dibandingkan tanpa pemberian GA 3.</p><p>Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, benih, GA 3 , imbibisi, konsentrasi</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effect of GA 3 Concentration and Imbibition Period onSeed Viability of Pruatjan</p><p>Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. is an annual herbaceous plant andbelongs to the family of the Apiaceae. It lives in endemic with an altitudeof 1,800-3,000 m above sea level and has been currently classified as rareplant. One of the problems in the development of this crop is low in seedviability (<25%) when it is physiologically mature. Based on the problem,an experiment was conducted aiming to find out the level of GA 3concentration and imbibition period to increase seed viability and vigourof P. pruatjan. The experiment was conducted at Gunung PutriExperimental Station and Plant Physiology Laboratory of the IndonesianMedicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI), fromNovember to December 2009. The experiment was arranged usingcompletely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors and three replicates.The first factor was level of GA 3 concentration : 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and500 ppm. The second factor was seed imbibition period : 24 and 48 hours.Results of the experiment showed that: GA 3 400 ppm with imbibitionperiod of 48 hours improved seed germination, maximum growthpotential, vigor index, and rate of germination of purwoceng seed to 1.5- 2 times compared to without GA 3 treatment.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, seed , GA 3 , imbibition, concentration</p>
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Canaday, C. H., and A. F. Schmitthenner. "Effects of Chloride and Ammonium Salts on the Incidence of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybean." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0758.
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In growth chamber experiments using field soil naturally infested with Phytophthora sojae, addition of KCl at 150 to 400 μg of K per gram of dry soil increased the incidence of Phytophthora root and stem rot on susceptible soybean (Glycine max) compared with a distilled water control. Other potassium salts at 150 to 400 μg of K, phosphorus salts at 20 to 317 μg of P, and sulfate salts of K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Al at 491 μg of SO4 per gram of soil did not affect disease incidence. Application of chloride salts of K, Na, Mg, Ca, NH4, Al, Fe, and Sr at 250 μg of Cl per gram of soil all increased disease incidence compared with the distilled water control. Addition of other ammonium salts also increased disease incidence. Disease incidence increased when KCl at 300 μg of K per gram soil was applied to naturally infested Blount silt loam but not to naturally infested Hoytville silty clay. The effects of chloride salts on plant growth and on natural inoculum of P. sojae were investigated. At 450 μg Cl/g of soil, addition of NaCl increased plant fresh weight but had no effect on germination, emergence, transpiration, height, and dry weight of plants grown in pasteurized, pathogen-free soil. When soybean plants were grown without a deplasmolytic shock and without promoting zoospore release by saturating the soil, the addition of chloride salts at 304 μg of Cl per gram of soil increased disease. In a leaf-disc-baiting bioassay, leaf infection by P. sojae zoospores decreased when 0.01 or 0.02 M KCl was added to soil extracts from flooded soil but was unaffected by KCl at 150 to 600 μg of K per gram of soil applied to the soil 5 days before baiting. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of taproots of 5-day-old soybean plants indicated a reduction in the calcium content of the outer cell layers with KCl at 400 μg of K per gram of soil but not with K2SO4. Disease increases with addition of KCl appear to be due to the presence of chloride and may be associated with changes in the micropartitioning of root calcium.
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Hirsch, Fred R., Marileila Varella-Garcia, Paul A. Bunn, Michael V. Di Maria, Robert Veve, Roy M. Bremnes, Anna E. Barón, Chan Zeng, and Wilbur A. Franklin. "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas: Correlation Between Gene Copy Number and Protein Expression and Impact on Prognosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2003): 3798–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.11.069.
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Purpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in non–small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and EGFR inhibitors are promising new therapeutic agents. The molecular mechanisms responsible for EGFR overexpression are poorly understood. Materials and Methods: Gene copy number and protein status of EGFR were investigated in microarrayed tumors from 183 NSCLC patients, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 89 patients) and non-SCC (94 patients) histologies. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on a scale from 0 to 400 (percentage of positive cells × staining intensity). Gene and chromosome 7 copy numbers were identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: EGFR protein overexpression was observed in 62% of the NSCLC (25% scored 201 to 300; 37% scored 301 to 400), more frequently in SCC than non-SCC (82% v 44%; P < .001), and in 80% of the bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. The prevalent FISH patterns were balanced disomy (40%) and trisomy (38%) for EGFR gene and chromosome 7 (40%), whereas balanced polysomy was seen in 13% and gene amplification was seen in 9% of the patients. Gene copy number correlated with protein expression (r = 0.4; P < .001). EGFR overexpression or high gene copy numbers had no significant influence on prognosis. Conclusion: EGFR overexpression is frequent in NSCLC, is most prominent in SCC, and correlates with increased gene copy number per cell. High gene copy numbers per cell showed a trend toward poor prognosis. It will be important to evaluate EGFR gene and EGFR protein status and signal protein expression to properly interpret future clinical trials using EGFR inhibitors.
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Delele, Tadesse Guadu, Gashaw Andargie Biks, Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, and Zemene Tigabu Kebede. "Prevalence of common symptoms of neonatal illness in Northwest Ethiopia: A repeated measure cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e0248678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248678.
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Background The neonatal period is the most vulnerable stage of life. In Ethiopia, neonatal illness is common and the reduction in neonatal mortality is not as significant as for under-five mortality. Objectives To determine the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal illness symptoms reported by mothers delivering in health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A repeated measure cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 358 randomly selected deliveries in 11 health facilities from November 2018 to March 2019. A pretested and interviewer-administered structured questionnaire adapted from the literature was employed to record neonatal outcomes (illnesses and/or deaths) at birth, 24 hours, 7th, 14th and 28th day from birth. Cleaned data was exported to STATA version 14 software for analysis. Multilevel analysis was used to identify individual and facility-level characteristics associated with neonatal illness symptoms. Results The prevalence of neonatal illness symptoms was 27.8% (95% CI; 23.2, 32.8) of the 338 babies born alive and the neonatal mortality rate was 41/1000 live births (14/338). The most common symptoms or conditions of neonatal illness reported by mothers’ in the study area were possible serious bacterial infections (95.8%, 90/94), localized bacterial infections (43.6%, 41/94), low birth weight (23.4%, 22/94), diarrhea (18.1%, 17/94), prematurity (14.9%, 14/94), and jaundice (7.5%, 7/94). Among the babies who died, neonates who had possible serious bacterial infections, low birth weight, localized bacterial infections, and prematurity took the highest proportions with 100% (14/14), 64.3% (9/14), 50% (7/14), and 42.9% (6/14), respectively. Having a maximum of 3 children (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.1–3.6), having twins or triplets during pregnancy (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.1–6.1), and lack of antenatal counseling (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.1–3.3) were among the maternal factors associated with neonatal illness. Having low birth length (AOR = 7.93; 95% CI = 3.6–17.3), and having a poor breastfeeding quality (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI = 1.4–4.0) were found to be the neonatal factors associated with neonatal illness. Conclusions This study indicated a high prevalence of neonatal illness symptoms in Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, early detection, referral and better management of symptoms or conditions with a high mortality, like sepsis and low birth weight are compulsory to save the lives of many neonates. Strengthening the health extension programme to improve antenatal care service utilization and breastfeeding quality of neonates among postpartum women is crucial.
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Karim, Mehtab S. "Changing Demographic, Social, and Economic Conditions in Karachi City, 1959–94: A Preliminary Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (December 1, 1995): 1093–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.1093-1106.
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Kingsley Davis (1961) had argued that the reason that the ancient cities failed to survive was that they were too deadly. He suggested that “three of their (cities) main traits....the crowding of many people in little space, their dependence on widespread contacts (due to in-migration), and their wealth...laid them open to contagious diseases, environmental contamination, occasional starvation and warfare”. Even in the medieval age, some European cities provide examples of such problems; but especially so following the Industrial Revolution. Do the events of the 1980s and the 1990s in Karachi suggest that the city may be heading in the same direction. Recently, The Times London in a lead article in November 1994, labelled Karachi as a “City of Riches and Shattered Dreams”. It further said that Karachi had grown into a megalopolis where life moved fast and street violence had become a norm. Indeed, more than 65 percent of Pakistan’s industries and 80 percent of its finance, banking, and business are concentrated in the city and people come to it from all over the country to find jobs and fulfil their dreams [Husain (1994)]. During the past decade, street violence in the form of ethnic clashes has become a sort of regular event in Karachi. At times, these clashes have been more frequent and even bloodier than the ones before. According to the local newspaper accounts, between 1985 and 1988 (in four years), about 400 people died in Karachi due to violence, which has increased substantially over time. Thus, while the number of violent deaths remained between 350–500 during 1991–93, in 1994 alone the number exceeded 1,100, and during the first three months of 1995, over 300 persons have died due to violence. According to the Karachi Police sources, most of the victims of violent deaths in Karachi during 1994 were men in the age group 13–50.
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Fendler, Wolfgang P., Timo Bartel, Kim M. Pabst, Rainer Hamacher, Nader Hirmas, Robert Seifert, Stefan Kasper, et al. "68Ga-FAPI-46 PET for cancer imaging: A prospective single-arm clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.3064.
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3064 Background: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed at high levels on tumor associated fibroblasts. FAP-directed radioligand positron-emission-tomography (FAP-PET) is a novel diagnostic tool for cancer. However, we currently do not understand the diagnostic performance of FAP-PET as compared to standard FDG-PET. Here we aim to compare tumor detection by FDG- vs. FAP-PET with independent validation of discrepant findings. Methods: Patients with (a) proven or suspected malignancy, (b) longest tumor diameter >1 cm, (c) intended surgery or biopsy, and (d) no prior external beam radiation or systemic tumor therapy within 3 months underwent FDG- and FAP-PET for tumor localization on subsequent days. Clinical reads were analyzed prospectively on a per-patient and per-region basis (local, locoregional nodal, distant organ or soft tissue, bone). Discrepant findings were validated as true vs. false positive by histopathology or image follow-up. Tracer uptake in tumor tissue was assessed by SUVmax. Results: In total n=100 patients (median 62 years, male/female n=68/32) underwent FDG- and FAP-PET. Five most frequent tumor entities and respective median FDG vs FAP uptake were RCC (n=19; SUVmax 8.4 vs. 7.1), sarcoma (n=18; 10.3 vs. 10.9), NSCLC (n=10; 12.4 vs. 13.7), lymphoma (n=9; 18.3 vs. 10.9), and PDAC (n=8; 4.1 vs. 7.3). On a per-patient basis, FDG- vs FAP-PET localized malignancy in n=93/94 patients. FDG- vs FAP-PET was concordant for the assessment of 362/400 (91%) regions. n=16/400 (4%) regions were negative on FDG- and positive on FAP-PET (88% true, 12% false positive). n=22/400 (6%) regions were negative on FAP- and positive on FDG-PET (57% true, 43% false positive). Two false positive FDG-PET findings were due to tracer uptake in reactive lymph nodes. There were no PET-related adverse events. Conclusions: In patients with various tumor entities, standard FDG- and novel FAP-PET localized tumor equally well. Additionally, FAP-PET was associated with a lower rate of false positive findings, especially in lymph node assessments. Clinical trial information: NCT05160051 . [Table: see text]
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Kuo, Chia-Hung, Chun-Yung Huang, Chien-Liang Lee, Wen-Cheng Kuo, Shu-Ling Hsieh, and Chwen-Jen Shieh. "Synthesis of DHA/EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis Using Novozym® 435: A Kinetic Study." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050565.
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DHA/EPA ethyl ester is mainly used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. In this study, DHA+EPA ethyl ester was synthesized via lipase-catalyzed acidolysis of ethyl acetate (EA) with DHA+EPA concentrate in n-hexane using Novozym® 435. The DHA+EPA concentrate (in free fatty acid form), contained 54.4% DHA and 16.8% EPA, was used as raw material. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the relationship between substrate concentrations and initial rate of DHA+EPA ethyl ester production. The results indicated that the reaction followed the ordered mechanism and as such, the ordered mechanism model was used to estimate the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and kinetic constants. The ordered mechanism model was also combined with the batch reaction equation to simulate and predict the conversion of DHA+EPA ethyl ester in lipase-catalyzed acidolysis. The integral equation showed a good predictive relationship between the simulated and experimental results. 88–94% conversion yields were obtained from 100–400 mM DHA+EPA concentrate at a constant enzyme activity of 200 U, substrate ratio of 1:1 (DHA+EPA: EA), and reaction time of 300 min.
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Nowakowski, Grzegorz S., Chin-Yang Li, David Dingli, Shaji Kumar, Morie A. Gertz, Martha Q. Lacy, John A. Last, et al. "Increased Cytotoxic T-Cell Infiltrates in the Bone Marrow Is an Independent Adverse Prognostic Factor in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1492.1492.
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Abstract Background: Cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates are a nearly universal finding in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. It has been postulated that presence of T-cells in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma (MM) patients represents an immune response against the tumor and therefore, might be associated with an improved prognosis. However, the impact of bone marrow T-cells on the prognosis of multiple myeloma patients has not been studied systematically. Methods: Bone marrow biopsies of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were stained by immnohistochemistry for the CD8 antigen and reviewed by a blinded hematopathologist. Three high power fields are reviewed for each biopsy and the total number of CD8 positive cells counted and reported. For patients with more than 300 cells per 3 fields, results were reported as >300. The number of bone marrow CD8 positive cells was then correlated with patients’ clinical data, including other prognostic factors and overall survival. Results: Bone marrow biopsy specimens from 100 patients, performed within the week of a diagnosis of multiple myeloma and collected between May 1998 and January 2001 were evaluated. The median number of CD8 positive cells was 270 (33 – >300). Patients’ characteristics are shown in Table 1. Median follow up was 30 months (0–80). The number of cytotoxic T-cells as a continuous variable was a risk factor for shortened overall survival, HR 1.86 (95% CI 1.11–3.35). Using minimal p value approach, the cutoff of 270 cells (the median) risk stratified patients into two groups: the median survival of patients with > 270 CD8 positive cells was 16 months vs. 48 months in patients with ≤270 cells, p=0.005 (Figure). In multivariate analysis including age, B2M, albumin, CRP, bone marrow plasma cell percentage and plasma cell labeling index, the number of cytotoxic T-cells was an independent predictor of overall survival was HR 3.1, p=0.0017. Conclusion: We show that the number of cytotoxic T-cells in the bone marrow is a strong and independent prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Our observation does not contradict the hypothesis that cytotoxic T-cells participate in an immune response against the tumor since our findings may represent a higher level of immune response associated with baseline aggressive disease biology. However, our study suggests for the first time that increased marrow cytotoxic T-cells have an adverse effect on outcome in myeloma, and suggest that these cells may have a direct facilitating effect on tumor growth and on the marrow microenvironment. Further studies of the biology of behind this observation are warranted. Characteristic N Median (range) Gender male 61 CRP 81 0.4mg/L (0.01–11.2) Albumin 99 3.6 g/dL (2.6–5.4) B2microglobulin 94 4.0 (0.9–28) μg/mL Marrow PC% 90 45% (11–99) PC labeling index 90 high (>1%) 36 BM CD8 cells 100 270 (33 – >300) ISS 94 1 19 2 41 3 34 Figure Figure
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Anggriani, Rini, P. D. M. H. Karti, and I. Prihantoro. "Seleksi Mutan Tanaman Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) Tahan Kutu Loncat terhadap Lingkungan Kering pada Rumah Kaca." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 19, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.19.3.90-94.
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Forage is the main source of feed for ruminants. Forage consists of two types, namely grass and legumes. Leguminosa is a type of forage as a source of protein. One type of legume that is well known by breeders in Indonesia is lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba). This study was aimed to produce candidate mutants of lamtoro drought resistant to acid stress conditions. The experiment in this study used an unbalanced completely randomized design with 6 treatments of 740 different replications based on different sources of lamtoro plant mutants at different levels (P0: 0 n= 89, P1: 100 gy n= 82, P2: 200 gy n= 153, P3:300 gy n=120, P4: 400 gy n= 244, P5: 500 gy n= 52). Variables observed included plant height, number of stalks, leaf loss and stem diameter. The results showed that lamtoro plants irradiated with gamma rays at a level of 200 gy-500 gy were significantly higher than 100 gy irradiation at 10 and 12 days watering, but the diameter of the plants was larger at 100 gy irradiation. It can be watering intervals of 10 days and 12 days on the parameters of height and stem diameter showed that gamma rays irradiation of 400 gy resulted in dry-resistant lamtoro mutant candidates under acid stress condition.
Key words: gamma rays, lamtoro mutant, watering interval
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Lolkema, Martijn P., Elizabeth Ruth Plummer, Filip Yves Francine Leon De Vos, Martin David Forster, Eric Angevin, Marion Libouban, Ellen Jansen, et al. "Modular phase I/II clinical trial evaluating the selective MET-kinase inhibitor OMO-1 in patients with advanced malignancies: Safety and proof of mechanism." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3062.
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3062 Background: MET kinase is a therapeutic target in a range of cancer indications; it is a primary oncogenic driver and a mechanism of therapy resistance. OMO-1 is a highly potent, selective oral inhibitor of MET kinase and Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2). Methods: This study assesses the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary activity of OMO-1 in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies (NCT03138083). Module 1 data, evaluating ascending doses of OMO-1 monotherapy, are reported here. Results: As of January 16, 2019, 34 pts were enrolled at 5 twice-daily (BD) dose levels of OMO-1: 100, 200, 250, 350, and 400 mg, including 10 with MET gene amplified or mutated tumours. OMO-1 was generally well tolerated between 100 - 250 mg BD; pts were in the study for an average of 94 days (range: 15-291 days) and 20/34 pts discontinued due to disease progression. Most frequently-reported AEs were nausea (17/34), vomiting (14/34) and fatigue (14/34), mainly G1-2. Notably, no peripheral oedema, cardiovascular events or non-malignancy related LFT abnormalities were observed. A total of 36 SAEs were reported: 17 in 11 subjects were considered related to OMO-1, and included nausea (3/17), vomiting (4/17), chills, diarrhoea, influenza-like illness (2/17), increased blood bilirubin, blood creatinine (3/17) and neutrophil count, and sepsis. A dose of 250 mg BD was determined as the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D); doses ≥350mg BD were not in keeping with optimum long-term dosing: at 400 mg BD, 2/3 subjects experienced influenza-like illness (G2 and G3) and at 350 mg BD 2/5 subjects had G2 fatigue and nausea/vomiting. OMO-1 has a half-life of 2.5-3 hrs and plasma exposure is dose-proportional without accumulation. Elevated creatinine was observed across all dose levels, consistent with OCT2 inhibition. IHC analysis on paired tumour biopsies from a MET-mutated NSCLC pt dosed at 200 mg BD showed near-complete inhibition of phosphorylated MET, without affecting total MET. Conclusions: OMO-1 has a favourable safety profile at a RP2D of 250mg BD. Expansion cohorts for MET mutated/amplified tumour types are enrolling. Clinical trial information: NCT03138083.
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Rosati, Rachele, Alex C. Rajevski, Payel Chatterjee, Lauren R. Appleyard, Ana Cristina Cordero Schmidt, Shalini Pereira, Robert L. Diaz, et al. "Abstract 952: Ex vivo drug testing identifies a potentially effective drug in 94% of cases for 403 patients in 42 tumor types." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-952.
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Abstract Objective: To determine whether patient derived tumor cells (PDTC) could be derived from a variety of solid tumors and used to select effective therapies, we developed a CLIA certified assay, the PARIS® test, to quantify drug sensitivities using PDTCs. Methods: Oncologists referred patients for the PARIS® test and patients had the option to consent to SEngine Precision Medicine’s IRB protocol. Samples were obtained from multiple cancer centers across the US and abroad. Patients were at all stages in their clinical journey ranging from treatment naïve to late stage, recurrent/refractory disease settings. Fresh specimens obtained from surgical resections, core biopsies, or body fluids arrived at our CLIA laboratory within 48 hrs from collection. Tumor origin and driver mutations were confirmed by IHC or DNA sequence in 88% of the cases. Results: PDTCs derived from 403 patients diagnosed with 42 different solid tumor types, including both common and rare tumors, were subjected to the PARIS® assay. An average of 67 oncology drugs (ranging from 6-307), including chemotherapies and targeted agents, were tested for each patient sample. A report ranking drug sensitivities was provided to the oncologist with an average turnaround time of less than 3 weeks. Drug sensitivity was classified as exceptional/good, moderate/low and no responses. Remarkably, 94.2% of the PDTCs exhibited selective exceptional/good responses to at least one, and typically several drugs, despite the majority of PDTCs being derived from patients with drug resistant, metastatic disease. The drug sensitivity profiles showed highly individualized responses as well as tumor type specificity. While known biomarkers/drug sensitivity associations were confirmed, many samples exhibited sensitivity to targeted agents in the absence of known biomarkers. For example, HER2+ breast cancers demonstrated sensitivity to HER2/EGFR inhibitor and a subset of luminal B and triple negative breast cancers demonstrated HER2/EGFRi responses without underlying genetic alterations. Functional testing was also useful in the rare tumor types. For example, low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) cells, differentiated from high grade by their response to specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and estrogen antagonists, but a poor response to standard of care, as is observed in the clinic. Three patients with LGSOC that were treated with the PARIS test top scoring drugs had a positive clinical response and cases from other tumor types will be presented. Conclusions: Functional testing of PDTCs from both common and rare tumor types is feasible, even for those that have failed standard of care. We provide an unprecedented view of patient-specific, actionable vulnerabilities to current oncology drugs. Personalization of cancer care will require improved access to off-label drugs. Citation Format: Rachele Rosati, Alex C. Rajevski, Payel Chatterjee, Lauren R. Appleyard, Ana Cristina Cordero Schmidt, Shalini Pereira, Robert L. Diaz, Brady Bernard, Brady Bernard, Carla Grandori, Christopher J. Kemp. Ex vivo drug testing identifies a potentially effective drug in 94% of cases for 403 patients in 42 tumor types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 952.
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Kantele, Anu, Juuso Paajanen, Soile Turunen, Sari H. Pakkanen, Anu Patjas, Laura Itkonen, Elina Heiskanen, et al. "Scent dogs in detection of COVID-19: triple-blinded randomised trial and operational real-life screening in airport setting." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e008024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008024.
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ObjectiveTo estimate scent dogs’ diagnostic accuracy in identification of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We conducted a randomised triple-blinded validation trial, and a real-life study at the Helsinki-Vantaa International Airport, Finland.MethodsFour dogs were trained to detect COVID-19 using skin swabs from individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Our controlled triple-blinded validation study comprised four identical sets of 420 parallel samples (from 114 individuals tested positive and 306 negative by RT-PCR), randomly presented to each dog over seven trial sessions. In a real-life setting the dogs screened skin swabs from 303 incoming passengers all concomitantly examined by nasal swab SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Our main outcomes were variables of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) for scent dog identification in comparison with RT-PCR.ResultsOur validation experiments had an overall accuracy of 92% (95% CI 90% to 93%), a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 89% to 94%) and a specificity of 91% (95% CI 89% to 93%) compared with RT-PCR. For our dogs, trained using the wild-type virus, performance was less accurate for the alpha variant (89% for confirmed wild-type vs 36% for alpha variant, OR 14.0, 95% CI 4.5 to 43.4). In the real-life setting, scent detection and RT-PCR matched 98.7% of the negative swabs. Scant airport prevalence (0.47%) did not allow sensitivity testing; our only SARS-CoV-2 positive swab was not identified (alpha variant). However, ad hoc analysis including predefined positive spike samples showed a total accuracy of 98% (95% CI 97% to 99%).ConclusionsThis large randomised controlled triple-blinded validation study with a precalculated sample size conducted at an international airport showed that trained scent dogs screen airport passenger samples with high accuracy. One of our findings highlights the importance of continuous retraining as new variants emerge. Using scent dogs may present a valuable approach for high-throughput, rapid screening of large numbers of people.
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Maertens, Johan, Oliver A. Cornely, Andrew J. Ullmann, Werner J. Heinz, Gopal Krishna, Hernando Patino, Maria Caceres, Nicholas Kartsonis, Hetty Waskin, and Michael N. Robertson. "Phase 1B Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Posaconazole Intravenous Solution in Patients at Risk for Invasive Fungal Disease." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 7 (April 14, 2014): 3610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02686-13.
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ABSTRACTThis was a phase 1B, dose-ranging, multicenter, pharmacokinetics, and safety study of cyclodextrin-based posaconazole intravenous (i.v.) solution administered through a central line to subjects at high risk for invasive fungal disease (part 1 of a 2-part study [phase 1B/3]). Initially, the safety and tolerability of single-dose posaconazole i.v. 200 mg (n= 10) were compared with those of a placebo (n= 11). Subsequently, 2 doses were evaluated, posaconazole i.v. 200 mg once daily (q.d.) (n= 21) and 300 mg q.d. (n= 24). The subjects received twice-daily (b.i.d.) posaconazole i.v. on day 1, followed by 13 days of posaconazole i.v. q.d., then 14 days of posaconazole oral suspension 400 mg b.i.d. The steady-state (day 14) exposure target (average concentration [areas under concentration-time curve {AUCs}/24 h, average concentrations at steady state {Cavgs}], of ≥500 to ≤2,500 ng/ml in ≥90% of the subjects) was achieved by 94% of the subjects for 200 mg posaconazole q.d. and by 95% of subjects for 300 mg posaconazole q.d. The desired exposure target (mean steady-stateCavg, ∼1,200 ng/ml) was 1,180 ng/ml in the 200-mg dosing cohort and was exceeded in the 300-mg dosing cohort (1,430 ng/ml). Posaconazole i.v. was well tolerated. Posaconazole i.v. 300 mg q.d. was selected for the phase 3 study segment. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01075984.)
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Do, Young Rok, Jae-Yong Kwak, Hawk Kim, Jeong-A. Kim, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Joon Seong Park, Jooseop Chung, et al. "Final Study Results of Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Chronic Phase (CML-CP) Patients Receiving Radotinib 300 Mg BID or Imatinib: Rerise 48 Months Follow-up." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110568.
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Abstract Background: In RERISE phase 3 study, radotinib demonstrated significantly higher and faster rates of major molecular response (MMR) than imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP. By 36 months follow up, MMR (BCR-ABL1IS ≤ 0.1%) and MR4.5 (BCR-ABL1IS ≤ 0.0032%) in radotinib 300 mg twice daily (bid) were higher than imatinib group. Also, early molecular response (EMR) at 3 months could predict better long term outcomes in both radotinib and imatinib groups. Here, authors updated 48 months long-term benefits and risks of 300mg bid and imatinib 400mg qd from RERISE phase 3 study (NCT01511289). Methods: RERISE study was randomized trial of radotinib 300 mg bid (n=79), radotinib 400 mg bid (n=81), or imatinib 400 mg once daily (qd) (n=81) in patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP. We evaluated long-term MMR and MR4.5, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) including safety data by 48 months. Results: At the study completion, 53% of patients with radotinib and 44% of patients with imatinib treated were remained. MMR and MR4.5 continued to be higher in patients receiving radotinib 300 mg bid compared with imatinib 400mg qd (Table). Especially, MMR rate by 48 months was significantly higher for radotinib compared to imatinib (76% vs 56%; P=0.0070, Figure). Also, early molecular response (EMR) at 3 months were observed in 86% of patients in the radotinib 300 mg bid group and 68% in the imatinib group (P = 0.0179). More patients treated with radotinib 300mg bid who had EMR at 3 months achieved MMR and MR4.5 by 48 months: 84% and 53% in the radotinib 300 mg bid group and 71% and 44% in the imatinib group, respectively. 48 months estimated OS and PFS rate were not significantly different in two groups (99% vs 94%; P=0.3224, 97% vs 94%; P=0.4328). Treatment failure was lower in radotinib group compared with imatinib group (Table). The safety profiles were consistent with those previously reported and most of adverse events (AEs) developed within 12 months. No new or unexpected safety events were reported in both arms by 48 months and no serious CVE related with radotinib reported. Conclusions: With a minimum 48 months follow-up, radotinib continued to demonstrate higher rates of MMR and MR4.5 than imatinib in newly diagnosed CML-CP. Also, these responses with radotinib were earlier and deeper compared with imatinib. Up to 48 months, no new and serious safety events related with radotinib reported. These results demonstrate that radotinib may have higher possibility of treatment- free remission (TFR) on frontline therapy as well as it can be one of the standards of care in newly diagnosed CML-CP. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Bunworasate: IL-YANG: Research Funding. Comia:IL-YANG: Research Funding. Mun:IL-YANG: Research Funding. Caguioa:IL-YANG: Research Funding. Kim:Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Ilyang: Research Funding.
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Alfaro, Enrique, Samuel J. Martínez-Domínguez, Viviana Laredo, Ángel Lanas, and Carlos Sostres. "Evaluation of Different Strategies to Improve the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection at the Primary Care Level: Training Sessions Increase Prescription Appropriateness of Treatment Regimens." Antibiotics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121746.
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Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) is mainly managed at the primary care level. Our group previously performed a study demonstrating that providing specific counselling (SC) to primary care practitioners (PCPs) who requested a urea breath test (UBT) improved treatment management but not indications for H. pylori tests. SC was given in the form of a personal letter addressed to PCPs with UBT results which contained information about accepted UBT indications and a Helicobacter pylori treatment algorithm. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of training sessions (TS) on UBT indications, antibiotic prescriptions and eradication rates. This was a quasi-experimental study performed at primary care centres (PCCs). Phase I included 399 patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection after providing SC to PCPs. Phase II included 400 H. pylori-positive patients after giving TS to PCPs who had already received SC (100 from PCCs with TS and 300 from PCCs without TS). An improved trend in the appropriate indication of H. pylori diagnosis was observed between Phase I and PCCs with TS in Phase II (57.5% vs. 67%; p = 0.06). TS improved appropriate prescriptions in PCCs with TS compared to PCCs that only received SC in Phase I and II (94% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.01; 94% vs. 85.6%, p = 0.04, respectively). Eradication rates showed no differences between groups. In conclusion, training sessions after specific counselling improved antibiotic prescription appropriateness but not eradication rates.
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Belov, Nikolay, Maxim Murashkin, Natalia Korotkova, Torgom Akopyan, and Victor Timofeev. "Structure and Properties of Al–0.6wt.%Zr Wire Alloy Manufactured by Direct Drawing of Electromagnetically Cast Wire Rod." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060769.
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The method of electromagnetic casting (EMC) was used to produce the long-length rod billet (with a diameter 12 mm) of aluminum alloy containing 0.6 wt.% Zr, 0.4%Fe, and 0.4%Si. The combination of high cooling rate (≈104 K/s) during alloy solidification and high temperature before casting (≈830 °C) caused zirconium to dissolve almost completely in the aluminum solid solution (Al). Additions of iron and silicon were completed in the uniformly distributed eutectic Al8Fe2Si phase particles with an average size of less than 1 µm. Such fine microstructure of the experimental alloy in as-cast state provides excellent deformability during wire production using direct cold drawing of EMC rod (94% reduction). TEM study of structure evolution in the as-drawn 3 mm wire revealed the onset of Al3Zr (L12) nanoparticle formation at 300 °C and almost-complete decomposition of (Al) at 400 °C. The distribution of Zr-containing nanoparticles is quite homogeneous, with their average size not exceeding 10 nm. Experimental wire alloy had the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and electrical conductivity (EC) (234 MPa and 55.6 IACS, respectively) meeting the AT2 type specification. At the same time, the maximum heating temperature was much higher (400 versus 230 °C) and meets the AT4 type specification.
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Merle, Philippe, Agnes Rode, Anne-Frederique Manichon, Nadim Fares, Celia Prevost, Christian Ducerf, Mickael Lesurtel, Jean-Yves Mabrut, and Francoise Mornex. "Single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ineligible for surgical resection (SR): High tumor control rate with conformal radiotherapy + transarterial chemoembolization (CRT + TACE)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.433.
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433 Background: SR is a curative therapy of single HCC. CRT is efficient for small HCC (≤ 5 cm), whereas its combination to TACE (CRT+TACE) is needed for large ( > 5 cm) HCC. However, SR remains the gold-standard in guidelines for large HCC. This work aims to compare these approaches. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, on patients (pts) included at Lyon North Hepatobiliary Centre, Child-Pugh-A, single HCC. CRT+TACE was decided at the HCC board by ineligibility for SR, radiofrequency or liver transplantation. Outcome of pts was compared between CRT+TACE and SR. Continuous variables were assessed by the t-Student test, and survival analysis by the Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results: 178 pts (68 CRT+TACE, 110 SR), males 78%, cirrhosis 52%, etiology (alcohol 46%, HCV 17%, HBV 13%, NASH 30%), 103 small, 75 large HCC, median age 66 ys, tumor size 50 mm, AFP 8 ng/mL, albuminemia (ALB) 39 g/L, platelets (PLAT) 166 Giga/L, follow-up 33 months. CRT+TACE complete response rate: 92% small / 80% large HCC. Small HCC comparison: CRT+TACE vs SR: age (67 vs 64, P= NS), cirrhosis (94% vs 47%, P< 0.0001), ALB (36 vs 40, P= 0.0001), PLAT (150 vs 201, P= 0.02), AFP (381 vs 300, P= NS). CRT-TACE was a poor outcome factor in univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) (HR 2.32; P= 0.01), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 1.90; P= 0.007), but did not remain independent in multivariate analysis due to combined factors: age > 70, cirrhosis, ALB < 35, PLAT < 100. Large HCC comparison: CRT+TACE vs SR: age (73 vs 62, P= 0.0008), cirrhosis (70% vs 25%, P= 0.0004), ALB (38 vs 39, P= NS), PLAT (173 vs 240, P= 0.01), AFP (5616 vs 3456, P= NS). CRT-TACE was a poor outcome factor only for OS (HR 3.01; P= 0.0007) in univariate analysis. After adjustment to other factors (age > 70, cirrhosis, PLAT < 100), CRT-TACE was not independent in multivariate analysis for OS ( P= 0.19). Conclusions: CRT+TACE induced an encouraging tumor control rate in a population of older pts, more deteriorated chronic hepatopathy than pts treated by SR. Especially for large HCC, SR was not better than CRT+TACE on the outcome. Prospective randomized trials are warranted to confirm these data.
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Pulte, Dianne, Adam Gondos, and Hermann Brenner. "Ongoing Strong Improvement in Survival after Diagnosis with Childhood Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3313.3313.
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Abstract PURPOSE: Advances in the treatment of childhood hematologic malignancies have led to improvements in survival in several of these conditions during the past few decades. Here we use the novel method of modeled period analysis to disclose most recent trends in survival among patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies at less than 15 years of age1. METHODS: We estimated trends in 5-, 10-, and 25-year survival in children with common hematologic malignancies in the US over three 5-year intervals: 1990–94, 1995–99, and 2000–04, using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Expected survival for 2005–09 was estimated by modeling from trends in the preceding intervals2. RESULTS: Major improvements in 5- and 10-year relative survival between 1990–94 and 2000–04 were seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (+7.3 and +10.4% points, respectively), acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) (+18.0 and +20.4% points) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (+11.1 and +13.9% points). Improvements in survival for patients with ALL were particularly strong in older patients, so that the significance of age as a prognostic factor decreased for children diagnosed with ALL in the early 21st century. For Hodgkin’s disease (HD), 5 and 10-year survival were as high as 96.1% and 94.1% in 1990–94 and did not show recent changes. However, it is notable that the 5- and 10-year survivals for HD in 2000–04 were identical, that is, no further deaths occurred between 5 and 10 years. Twenty-five year survival was lower for all of the malignancies examined, with 25-year survivals of about 80% for ALL, HD, and NHL and about 50% for ANLL. Projected 10-year survivals for children diagnosed in 2005–09 are 88.0%, 63.9%, 90.6%, and 94.3% for ALL, ANLL, NHL, and HD, respectively. CONCLUSION: Application of period analysis to a population-based study of hematologic malignancies reveals ongoing strong improvement in 3 of the 4 common childhood hematologic malignancies. Projections for 2005–09 suggest chances of 10-year survival to be close to 90% or higher for children with ALL, HD, or NHL and to approach 65% for children with ANLL. Long term outcomes remain problematic, with some excess loss of life occurring as late as 25 years after diagnosis. Period estimates of 10-year survival for childhood hematologic malignancies Malignancy 1990–94 (SE) 1995–99 (SE) 2000–04 (SE) Difference P-val Projected for 2005–09 (SE) ALL-total 73.4 (1.5) 81.0 (1.3) 83.8 (1.2) +10.4 <0.0001 88.0 (1.4) ALL-0-2 yr 72.3 (3.3) 80.9 (2.9) 83.4 (2.8) +11.1 0.01 87.9 (3.0) ALL-3–4 yr 80.9 (2.4) 84.9 (2.1) 88.9 (1.8) +8.0 0.006 91.6 (2.0) ALL-5–9 yr 71.4 (2.7) 80.4 (2.4) 81.4 (2.2) +10.0 0.004 86.1 (2.6) ALL-10–14 yr 61.3 (2.1) 72.3 (4.1) 78.2 (3.6) +16.9 0.007 83.9 (4.0) ANLL 38.7 (4.0) 42.7 (3.8) 59.1 (3.7) +20.4 0.0005 63.9 (4.8) HD 94.4 (2.1) 90.8 (2.6) 95.4 (1.8) +1.0 0.79 94.3 (3.0) NHL 73.0 (4.0) 81.7 (3.4) 86.9 (2.6) +13.9 0.005 90.6 (2.8)
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Hirokawa, Shinichiro, and Eberhard F. Mammen. "A Functional Protein S and Microlatex Immunoassay for Protein S and C4b-Binding Protein on the Automated Coagulation Laboratory (ACL) 300 Plus." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2, no. 4 (October 1996): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107602969600200407.
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Protein S can be determined by functional or immunological assays. Electroimmunodiffusion (EID) or enzyme immunoassays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are the commonly employed techniques for measuring protein S and C4b-binding protein (C4b- BP) immunologically. Procedures for these assays are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The introduction of microlatex immunoassays (LIATEST system; Diagnos tica Stago, Asnieres-Sur-Seine, France) has provided an alternative for rapid and reliable immunological determi nation. We have placed the microlatex immunoassay for total and free protein S (TPS, FPS) and C4b-BP, using the light-scattering mode, on the Automated Coagulation Laboratory (ACL) 300 Plus (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA, U.S.A.). We also placed a functional activity assay of protein S (STACLOT protein S; Amer ican Bioproducts, Parsippany, NJ, U.S.A.) on the ACL 300 Plus. The performance characteristics for the assays yielded a within-run coefficient of variance (CV) of 2.5- 4.6% ( n = 13) for TPS, 4.0-4.8% ( n = 13) for FPS, 1.9- 3.0% ( n = 11) for C4b-BP, and 2.3-5.9% for protein S activity. The interrun CV was 2.1-5.7% ( n = 24), 3.7- 7.0% ( n = 12), 2.6-7.0% ( n = 16), and 4.0-8.4% ( n = 27), respectively. Analytical recovery was 94-109, 97-100, 91-103, and 99-103%, respectively. The normal ranges determined on plasmas from 30 healthy individuals were 113 ± 37 (mean ± 2 SD) for TPS, 106 ± 35 for FSP, 111 ± 22 for C4b-BP, and 107 ± 34 for protein S activity. The results for the microlatex immunoassay and either the EID or the ELISA methods showed excellent correla tions for FPS and C4b-BP; the correlations between LIATEST and either EID or ELISA for TPS were also relatively high. The functional activity of protein S cor related well with FPS. Microlatex immunoassays, using the light-scattering mode for TPS, FPS, or C4b-BP, and the functional assay of protein S can be adapted on the ACL 300 Plus system with a high accuracy and reproduc ibility and with considerable time saving.
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Oliveira, Roberto Pedroso de, Daniela Garcia Silveira, and Sebastião de Oliveira e. Silva. "Concentração de bap e a eficiência de micropropagação de bananeira tetraplóide (grupo AAAB)." Scientia Agricola 58, no. 1 (March 2001): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162001000100013.
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Com o objetivo de desenvolver um procedimento eficiente para a produção de mudas de bananeiras tetraplóides (Musa sp. cv. FHIA-01, grupo AAAB) estudou-se o efeito do clone no desenvolvimento in vitro dos explantes e as taxas de contaminação, multiplicação e nível de oxidação em meios de cultura contendo cinco concentrações de BAP. Na fase de introdução in vitro dos explantes, foi observada elevada taxa de contaminação (22,32%), causada, principalmente, por bactérias. No entanto, os níveis de contaminação decresceram na seqüência dos subcultivos, tendo sido de 1,07% no oitavo subcultivo. As maiores taxas de multiplicação foram obtidas no meio de cultura MS com 4,0 mg L-1 de BAP, em média de 2,65 plântulas por subcultivo, possibilitando a produção estimada de 584 plântulas de FHIA-01 por explante inicial no sexto e 3451 no oitavo subcultivo. Em função do clone, houve a produção estimada de 305 a 4497 plântulas por explante inicial, após oito subculturas. A eficiência de aclimatização das plântulas foi de 94%, não sendo encontrados variantes somaclonais em condições de casa-de-vegetação.
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Kregel, K. C., J. M. Overton, D. G. Johnson, C. M. Tipton, and D. R. Seals. "Mechanism for pressor response to nonexertional heating in the conscious rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.1.192.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the systemic hemodynamic mechanism(s) underlying the pressor response to nonexertional heat stress in the unrestrained conscious rat. After a 60-min control period [ambient temperature (Ta) 24 degrees C], male Sprague-Dawley rats (260–340 g) were exposed to a Ta of 42 degrees C until a colonic temperature (Tc) of 41 degrees C was attained. As Tc rose from control levels (38.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C) to 41 degrees C, mean arterial blood pressure (carotid artery catheter, n = 33) increased from 124 +/- 2 to 151 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). During this period, heart rate increased (395 +/- 5 to 430 +/- 6 beats/min, P less than 0.05) and stroke volume remained unchanged. As a result, ascending aorta blood flow velocity (Doppler flow probe, n = 8), used as an index of cardiac output, did not change from control levels during heating, but there was a progressive Tc-dependent increase in systemic vascular resistance (+30% at end heating, P less than 0.05). This systemic vasoconstrictor response was associated with decreases in blood flow (-31 +/- 9 and -21 +/- 5%) and increases in vascular resistance (94 +/- 16 and 53 +/- 8%; all P less than 0.05) in the superior mesenteric and renal arteries (n = 8 each) and increases in plasma norepinephrine (303 +/- 37 to 1,237 +/- 262 pg/ml) and epinephrine (148 +/- 28 to 708 +/- 145 pg/ml) concentrations (n = 12, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Рамазанов, Арсен Шамсудинович, Джаннет Алексеевна Свешникова, and Давид Русланович Атаев. "Кинетика сорбции катиона лития свежеосажденным гидроксидом алюминия из природного рассола." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 21, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2021.21/3356.
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За двадцать лет XXI века потребление соединений лития в пересчете на карбонат лития, используемого в качестве стандартного рыночного товара, увеличилось в три раза, а цена с 2 до 8 долларов за килограмм. Более 35 % соединений лития используется в производстве аккумуляторов и химических источников тока, около 32 % в производстве керамики и стекла. С повышением спроса на литиевую продукцию принципиально изменилась сырьевая база, в настоящее время из гидроминерального сырья добывают около 70 % соединений лития. Из крепких рассолов хлоридного натриевого типа американского континента карбонат лития получают по галургической технологии. В Китае из рассолов хлоридного магниевого и кальциевого типа с повышенным содержанием лития и общей минерализацией более 400 г/дм3, литий извлекают использованием гранулированного сорбента разработанного ЗАО «Экостар-Наутех» (Новосибирск, Россия).
Работа посвящена исследованию кинетики сорбции Li+ свежеосажденным гидроксидом алюминия из литийсодержащего природного рассола хлоридного натриевого кальциевого типа с минерализацией около 70 г/дм3.
Кинетические кривые адсорбции Li+ на Al(OH)3 при различных температурах были обработаны уравнениями диффузионной и химической кинетики. Обработка экспериментальных данных с использованием расчетных кинетических диаграмм для смешанной диффузии выявила некоторое превалирование в смешанно-диффузионном механизме при 293 K внешней, а при 303 и 313 K внутренней диффузии.
Экспериментальные данные также были обработаны по уравнениям псевдо-первого и псевдо-второго порядков, используемых для описания химической кинетики. Сравнение результатов показывает, что при 293 К значение расчетной величины сорбции дает лучшее совпадение с экспериментальной при использовании модели псевдо-первого порядка при практически одинаковых коэффициентах корреляции R2 для обеих моделей. При температурах 303 и 313 К значение величины сорбции лучше совпадает с экспериментальной при использовании модели псевдо-второго порядка. В пользу химической кинетики данного процесса в интервалах температур 293-303 и 303-313 K свидетельствуют энергии активации 94 и 46 кДж/моль соответственно.
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Latagliata, Roberto, Dario Ferrero, Francesco Cavazzini, Malgorzata Monika Trawinska, Massimo Breccia, Mario Annunziata, Fabio Stagno, et al. "Imatinib In Very Elderly CML Patients: What Can We Achieve?." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1229.1229.
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Abstract Abstract 1229 In the “real world” of clinical practice, many very elderly CML patients have been treated with imatinib (IM), but there are few data on the results and the best initial dosage in such patients. To highlight peculiar aspects of toxicity and efficacy of IM in this subset which accounts for at least 10–15% of all CML cases, we retrospectively revised 156 CML patients in chronic phase treated with IM when aged > 75 years from 23 haematological Institutions in Italy; there were 85 males and 71 females, median age at IM start was 78.4 years (IR 76.1 – 81.4), Sokal Risk at diagnosis was low in 2 patients, intermediate in 90, high in 50 and not evaluable in 14. One or more concomitant diseases requiring specific treatments were present in 144/156 patients (92.3%), with 94 patients (60.2%) assuming 3 or more concomitant drugs. Thirty patients (19.2%) were in late chronic phase (≥ 12 months from diagnosis) and pretreated (25 with HU and 5 with IFN) before starting IM; on the whole, median time from diagnosis to IM was 1.2 months (IR 0.5 – 3.6). Starting dose of IM was 400 mg/day in 117 patients (75.0%) and 300 mg/day or less in 39 patients (25.0%); overall, 59 patients (37.8%) (52/117 at 400 mg starting dose and 7/39 at 3 300 mg starting dose) needed a dose reduction and 18 (11.5%) discontinued IM for toxicity (early toxicity in 13 and late toxicity in 5). Excluding the 13 patients who discontinued IM due to early toxicity, maximum tolerated daily dose during treatment was 400 mg in 63 patients, 300 mg in 51 patients and < 300 mg in 29 patients. According to CTC-AE, grade 3 – 4 hematological and extra-hematological toxicities were observed in 34 (21.7%) and 34 (21.7%) patients, respectively; 5 patients (3.2%) presented a pleural effusion during IM treatment. After a median treatment period of 29.4 months (IR 7.9 – 54.4), 8 patients (5.1%) are still too early (< 6 months of treatment), 13 (8.3%) discontinued IM due to early toxicity, 3 (1.9%) were resistant and 1 (0.7%) died from unrelated cause early after IM initiation: the remaining 131 patients (84.6%) achieved a complete haematological response (CHR). Among these 131 patients in CHR, 11 refused any other karyotipic or molecular evaluation (1 lost CHR and shifted to hydroxyurea, 4 are still alive in CHR, 6 died in CHR from unrelated causes), 17 achieved CHR only and 103 (66.0% of all 156 patients) achieved a cytogenetic response (CyR), which was major in 11 patients and complete (CCyR) in 92 (58.9% of all 156 patients). In addition, among the 92 patients in CCyR, 62 (39.7% of all 156 patients) achieved a molecular response (major molecular response in 40 patients and complete molecular response with an undetectable BCR/ABL hybrid gene at qualitative nested PCR in 22 patients). After a median follow-up of 34.0 months (IR 12.9 – 60.0), 36 patients have died (5 from disease progression and 31 from unrelated causes), 4 patients were lost to follow-up and 116 are still alive: 2-year and 4-year overall survival were 90.2% (CI95% 84.8 – 95.6) and 76.8% (CI95% 68.6 – 85.0), respectively. In conclusion, results from this large unselected cohort of patients show that should be definitely considered unethical to avoid IM therapy to any elderly patient; no upper age limit should be given but also very elderly (and with concomitant severe diseases) patients should have this chance of cure. The role of a reduced starting dose of IM warrants further studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Wallace, J. A., G. Locker, S. Nattam, K. Kasza, K. Wade-Oliver, W. M. Stadler, E. E. Vokes, and H. L. Kindler. "Sorafenib (S) plus gemcitabine (G) for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): A phase II trial of the University of Chicago Phase II Consortium." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4608.
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4608 Background: The ras oncogene is mutated in about 90% of PC, leading to constitutive activation of the Ras-Raf-MAPK signal transduction pathway. Sorafenib an inhibitor of B-raf, VEGFR2, and PDGFR-B, has in vitro activity against PC cell lines dependent on mutant Ras activation, and has anti-tumor activity in PC xenograft models. In a phase I trial of SG, 57% of PC patients (pts) had stable disease (SD) (Siu, 2003). Methods: We conducted a multi-center phase II trial of SG in advanced PC pts who had: no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease, PS 0–1, measurable disease. Primary endpoint: response. The Simon 2-stage trial design required 1 response in 12 evaluable pts for 2nd stage. Pts received S 400 mg orally twice daily days (D) 1–28, and G 1000 mg/m2 over 30 minutes D 1, 8, 15 Q28D. CT scans: Q2 cycles. 17 pts enrolled at 4 sites 9/04–12/05. Pt characteristics: male 47%; median age 62 (range 50–85); PS 0 24% 1 76%; stage IV 94%; prior radiation 12%; liver metastases 81%. Results: 17 pts evaluable for toxicity, 13 for response. 61 cycles of SG have been given (median 2, range 1–12). There were no objective responses; 3 pts (23%) had SD. 1 pt with SD remains on treatment after 12 cycles. Median overall survival: 4.0 months (95% CI: 3.4, 5.9). Median progression-free survival: 3.2 months (95% CI: 1.6, 3.6). Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities (% pts): neutropenia 29%; thrombocytopenia 6%; neutropenic fever 0%. Grade 3 non- hematologic toxicities: thrombosis 18%; fatigue 18%; rash 12%; dehydration 12%; nausea 12%; hand-foot syndrome 12%; hypertension 6%; diarrhea 6%; GI bleeding 6%. Conclusion: The study did not meet response criteria to proceed to a second stage of accrual. SG is inactive, though well-tolerated, in advanced PC pts. Supported by NCI grant N01-CM-62201. [Table: see text]
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Kamrani, Dr Farhan, Nabila Kamrani, and Farrukh Kamrani. "Eleven Years of Psychological Researches in Pakistan (1995-2006): What Titles Reveal About Pakistani Research." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i2.117.
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This study analysed the themes of researches published in Pakistan. For the purpose, Pakistan Journal of Psychology (PJP) was selected as a representative of Pakistan’s research in the discipline of psychology. Researches published during 1995 to 2006 were selected for this study. This study analyses the titles of the papers. Titles of 94 studies from 1995 to 2006 were analysed. Some 302 key concepts were extracted from the titles and categorized in following categories: clinical psychology/psychotherapy (25.82 %), cognitive psychology (7.61%), psychometrics (7.28%), gender studies (7.28%), experimental psychology (5.96%), personality psychology (5.96%), industrial/occupational psychology(5.62), nations/nationalities (5.29%), developmental psychology (4.30%), social psychology (3.97%), education/educational psychology (3.64%), parenting (3.64%), emotions and their expression (3.31%), physical health/illness (3.31%), marriage/family life (2.98 %) ethics/ religion (1.32 %), stress and coping (1.32 %), positive psychology (0.66%) and occult sciences (0.66%). There were no mentions of evolutionary psychology, aesthetics, forensic psychology, health psychology, neuropsychology, political psychology, media psychology, humanism and Gestalt psychology. Sex and its psychological aspects were also not present. Mentions of stress and coping, religion and ethics were negligible. The character of psychological research in the sampled researches and their implications were discussed.
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Almalki, Mussa H., Badurudeen Mahmood Buhary, Shawana Abdulhamid Khan, Abdulrahman Almaghamsi, and Fahad Alshahrani. "Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Diabetes Ketoacidosis in a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh." Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes 9 (January 2016): CMED.S39639. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmed.s39639.
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Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute complication of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of DKA among 400 patients admitted to hospital, most of whom had type 1 diabetes ( n = 372; 93%). Vomiting ( n = 319; 79.8%), nausea ( n = 282; 70.5%), and abdominal pain ( n = 303; 75.8%) were the presenting symptoms most commonly experienced by the patients. Tachycardia was the most common clinical sign noted in the patients on admission ( n = 243; 61.8%). The predominant precipitating cause of DKA was noncompliance to an insulin regimen ( n = 215; 54.2%). Recurrent DKA admissions in type 1 diabetes patients was higher than those with type 2 diabetes ( n = 232 versus n = 9, respectively; P = 0.002). Recurrent DKA admissions in female patients were higher than in male patients ( n = 167 versus n = 74, respectively; P = 0.002). Continued diabetic education (given to n = 384; 94%) and counseling on the importance of adhering to the recommended medical regime, addressing the social and cultural barriers that precipitate DKA, as well as the provision of timely medical attention may greatly reduce DKA episodes and their associated complications.
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Phương, Nguyễn Xuân, and Trịnh Bảo Ngọc. "Thừa cân, béo phì và thói quen ăn uống của học sinh lớp 4, 5 tại hai Trường Tiểu học, Thành phố Bắc Giang năm 2020." Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 144, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v144i8.405.
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Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 400 học sinh lớp 4, 5 tại hai trường tiểu học (Võ Thị Sáu và Ngô Sỹ Liên) tại thành phố Bắc Giang, năm 2020 nhằm mục đích mô tả thực trạng thừa cân, béo phì và thói quen ăn uống của trẻ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Chỉ số BMI trung bình của trẻ là 17,4 ± 2,0 kg/m2, tỷ lệ trẻ bị thừa cân, béo phì là 18,0%. Có 61,3% trẻ có ăn bán trú tại trường; 91,5% trẻ ăn sáng đủ 7 ngày/tuần; có 85,3% trẻ ăn bữa phụ; 34,3% trẻ có ăn bánh kẹo sau 9h tối; 94% trẻ có uống nước ngọt; 75,8% trẻ ăn thức ăn nhanh và chỉ có 23,2% trẻ ăn rau và trái cây hàng ngày. Nguy cơ thừa cân, béo phì tăng gấp 17,9 lần (95%CI: 7,9 - 40,4) ở trẻ ăn bánh kẹo sau 9h tối, gấp 3,6 lần (95%CI: 1,6 - 8,2) ở trẻ có uống nước ngọt, tăng gấp 14,8 lần (95%CI: 5,8 - 47,9) ở trẻ ăn thức ăn nhanh.
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Šulc, Radek, Pavel Ditl, Ivan Fořt, Darina Jašíkova, Michal Kotek, Václav Kopecký, and Bohuš Kysela. "Local velocity scaling in upward flow to tooth impeller in a fully turbulent region." EPJ Web of Conferences 213 (2019): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921302081.
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The hydrodynamics and flow field were measured in an agitated vessel using 2-D Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D TR PIV). The experiments were carried out in a fully baffled cylindrical flat bottom vessel 400 mm in inner diameter agitated by a tooth impeller 133 mm in diameter. Distilled water was used as the agitated liquid. The velocity fields were investigated in the upward flow to the impeller for three impeller rotation speeds – 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 700 rpm, corresponding to a Reynolds number in the range 94 000 < Re < 221 000. This means that fully-developed turbulent flow was reached. This Re range secures the fully-developed turbulent flow in an agitated liquid. In accordance with the theory of mixing, the dimensionless mean and fluctuation velocities in the measured directions were found to be constant and independent of the impeller Reynolds number. On the basis of the test results the spatial distributions of dimensionless velocities were calculated. The axial turbulence intensity was found to be in the majority in the range from 0.4 to 0.7, which corresponds to the middle level of turbulence intensity.
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Fernandez-Martos, C., I. Romero, J. Aparicio, C. Bosch, R. Girones, J. M. Campos, S. Garcera, M. J. Safont, I. Maeztu, and M. A. Climent. "Preoperative uracil/tegafur and concomitant radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal (LAR) cancer: Updated results with a median follow-up of 5 years and analysis of prognostic factors (PF)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 3573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3573.
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3573 Background: Preop chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with CI 5-FU is a standard of care for LAR cancer. Oral fluoropyrimidines, an attractive alternative to intravenous 5-FU, are perceived by patients as more convenient. Methods: We performed a phase II study in patients with potentially resectable tumors, localized in middle or distal rectum, ultrasonographically staged as T3 or T4 or N+ who were treated with UFT (400 mg/m2/d, 5 days a week for 5 weeks) and concomitant RT to the pelvis (45 Gy; 1.8 Gy/d over 5 weeks). Pts underwent surgery 5 to 6 weeks later followed by four cycles of 5-FU/LV (Mayo Clinic Scheme). Early end points of efficacy (pCR, downstaging, sphincter preserving surgery) and toxicity have already been reported (JCO 2004;22:3016). We now present data on secondary objectives (RFS, DFS and OS) and univariate and multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological PF. Results: 94 patients were included and complete information on 88 (94%) is availablewith a median follow-up of 5 years (60.4 months). Actuarial Kaplan-Meier DFS, RFS and OS are 61%, 66%, and 70 %. Patterns of failure are 7% pelvic and 25% distant. Univariate analysis results are shown in the table . Survival rate was also higher among patients with no or few residual disease after CRT but did not reach statistical significance. In Cox multivariate analysis both ypT and ypN are independent PF for DFS and RFS but only ypT is an independent PF for OS. Conclusions: This approach with preop UFT/RT reproduces the results that have been accomplished with 5-FU. ypT and ypN could be helpful to identify different risk groups and to select adjuvant treatments. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Maragakis, Lisa L., Sara E. Cosgrove, Elizabeth A. Martinez, Margaret G. Tucker, David B. Cohen, and Trish M. Perl. "Intraoperative Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infection after Spinal Surgery." Anesthesiology 110, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181974be7.
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Background Surgical site infections (SSI) after spinal surgery increase morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and costs. Most previously identified risk factors for these infections, such as severity of illness and procedure duration, are not amenable to intervention. This study sought to identify modifiable risk factors associated with SSI after spinal surgery. Methods This is a case-control study including case identification and review of medical records. A total of 104 patients with SSI after spinal surgery were compared to 104 randomly selected control patients without SSI after spinal surgery in a 926-bed tertiary care hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, between April 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004. Results Multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for SSI after spinal surgery including prolonged procedure duration (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.6-14; P < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or greater (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 3.7-25; P < 0.001), lumbar-sacral operative level (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.1; P = 0.02), posterior approach (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-9.7; P = 0.02), instrumentation (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-6.0; P = 0.03), obesity (OR, 4.0; 94% CI, 1.6-10; P < 0.01), razor shaving before surgery (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-11; P = 0.02), and intraoperative administered fraction of inspired oxygen of less than 50% (OR, 12; 94% CI, 4.5-33; P < 0.001). Conclusions In addition to previously reported risk factors, this study identified intraoperative administered fraction of inspired oxygen of less than 50% as an independent, modifiable risk factor for SSI after spinal surgery. Intraoperative administration of at least 50% fraction of inspired oxygen should be tested prospectively as an intervention to prevent SSI after spinal surgery.
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Ou, Junjun, Curtis R. Thompson, Phillip W. Stahlman, and Mithila Jugulam. "Preemergence Application of Dicamba to Manage Dicamba-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia)." Weed Technology 32, no. 3 (February 8, 2018): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.1.
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AbstractDicamba-resistant crops are being rapidly embraced by growers in the United States to manage glyphosate-resistant and other difficult-to-control broadleaf weeds. However, dicamba resistance in kochia, one of the troublesome weeds of the North American Great Plains, is already widespread. Hence, POST application of dicamba may not adequately control kochia. In recent years in the High Plains Region of Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska, dicamba has been widely applied, often in combination with atrazine or metribuzin, in early spring for PRE control of kochia. However, there is concern this use pattern may increase the selection for dicamba-resistant (DR) kochia. Hence, there is need to understand the efficacy of dicamba applied PRE versus POST for managing DR kochia. A greenhouse study was conducted to test the efficacy of PRE-applied dicamba compared with POST application using both DR and dicamba-susceptible (DS) kochia. Efficacies of PRE-applied dicamba were compared at seeding densities of 300, 600, 900 and 1200 viable seed m−2. At eight weeks after PRE and four weeks after POST treatment, control of DR kochia seeded at 300 viable seed m−2was improved from 10% with 560 g ae ha−1dicamba applied POST to 94 and 97% with 350 and 420 g ha−1dicamba applied PRE, respectively. However, the efficacy of PRE-applied dicamba was negatively correlated with seed density. When kochia seeding density was increased from 300 to 1200 seed m−2, the ED50of PRE-applied dicamba increased from 237 to 705 g ae ha−1for DR kochia, and from 129 to 361 g ae ha−1for DS kochia, respectively. Thus, PRE-applied dicamba was effective in controlling the population of DR kochia tested, suggesting that PRE-applied dicamba may still provide substantial control of some DR kochia populations. However, it is not advisable to apply dicamba alone for PRE kochia control.
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CONRY, M. J. "Influence of seed rate and sowing date on the yield and grain quality of Blenheim spring malting barley in the south-east of Ireland." Journal of Agricultural Science 130, no. 3 (May 1998): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005267.
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The effect of four seed rates on the grain yield, grain N content and grain size of Blenheim malting barley sown on two dates in the spring was tested on three different soils over a 4-year period (1991–94). The four seed rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/ha) gave mean plant populations of 222, 308, 374 and 430 plants/m2, respectively, for the first sowing date (February to early March) and 235, 340, 405 and 470 plants/m2 for the second sowing date, 3–5 weeks later (late March to mid-April). The earlier-sown crops generally gave greater yield, lower grain N and smaller amount of screenings, but in two of the twelve experiments, the first sowing gave lower yield and greater grain N.The influence of seed rate on yield and quality depended on sowing date. The three higher seed rates (160, 200, 240 kg/ha) had little influence on yield or grain N, irrespective of sowing date, and there was no significant difference in yield between the lowest (120 kg/ha) and the three higher seed rates when the crop was sown in February and early March. But when the crops were sown in April, the lowest seed rate (120 kg/ha) gave the lowest yield in all seven comparisons and gave significantly reduced yield in three of the seven comparisons. There was a significant increase in grain N in three of the comparisons. Seed rate had little effect on grain screenings or 1000-grain weight. Soil differences did not influence the effect of seed rate on the yield and quality of the grain.
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Motta, Carla, José Furtado, Andreia Rego, Carlos Cardoso, Claúdia Afonso, Narcisa Bandarra, José Prates, and Isabel Castanheira. "Vitamin B12, Folates, and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Prevention of Neuronal Dysfunction." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac074.022.
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Abstract Objectives Global aging increases cognitive pathologies; however, some individuals present earlier symptoms with an etiology independent of age. A possible cause is the increased oxidative stress with the formation of amyloid fibrils in the neuronal tissue (in particular Aβ1–40|42). Studies use Aβ25–35 fragment to form β sheet fibrils with a toxicity similar to Aβ1–40|42. Converging studies sustain the idea that B12, B9, and docosahexaenoic may preserve regular neuronal activity. However, the literature is scarce about their synergy effects. The study aims to verify the hypothesis of reducing cellular apoptosis, using B12, B9, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as preventives, isolated or in synergy, on delaying neuronal dysfunction, using “in vitro” assays. Methods An In vitro cell model using the SH-SY5Y cell line was analyzed before and after differentiation, induced by trans-retinoic acid and B27 supplement. Fibrillation with Aβ25–35 peptide fragment was carried out after differentiation. Cytotoxicity on undifferentiated cells and neurons was evaluated by reducing the redox potential of the MTT assay. TUNEL assay evaluates cell apoptosis by flow cytometry after B12 vitamers, folic acid, and DHA treatment. Results Supplemented cells with DHA (100 to 400 µM) showed an accented decline in cellular viability, below 10% at 400 µM. DHA IC50 at 344 µM was achieved after 24 h, 309 µM at 48 h, and 291 µM at 72 h. For Cyanocobalamin (CNC), dosages of 0.0045 to 0.072 µg/µl were not toxic, with a constant growth from 24 h to 72 h. CNC increase cell viability to 117 ± 3% at 48 h with 0.045 µg/µl and 82 ± 2% at 0.072 µg/µl. Methylcobalamin presents cell viability to 74 ± 6%, at 0.072 µg/µl after 24 h and 94 ± 5% is observed after 48 h. Folic acid concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 µg/µl reveal cell viability of 94 ± 5% after 24, 48, and 72 h. Preliminary results from the TUNEL assay indicate a reduction in the level of apoptosis with supplementation for all micronutrients. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of vitamin B12, folates, and DHA for proper cerebral cell development and renewal. Furthermore, these founds indicate that well-addressed in vitro studies remain valuable tools to confirm if beneficial effects depend on the dose and frequency of intake of these specific nutrients. Funding Sources NewFood4Thought PTDC/SAUNUT/30,455/2017.
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Euler, D. E., B. Olshansky, and S. Y. Kim. "Reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): H870—H875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.3.h870.
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The reflex vagal control of atrial repolarization was investigated in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs. A monophasic action potential was recorded from the right atrium, and the action potential duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was determined every cardiac cycle. beta-Adrenergic receptors were blocked with timolol (0.1 mg/kg). Under baseline conditions, sinus slowing during sinus arrhythmia was accompanied by a significant shortening of APD90 (24 +/- 4.0 ms). Transient occlusion (30 s) of the descending thoracic aorta increased systolic aortic pressure from 138 +/- 2.8 to 181 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P < 0.01). Heart rate decreased from 99 +/- 3.6 to 42.5 +/- 3.4 beats/min (P < 0.01), and APD90 shortened from 168 +/- 5.1 to 94 +/- 3.3 ms (P < 0.01). Release of the occlusion caused arterial hypotension (95 +/- 2.8 mmHg) and an overshoot in both rate (126 +/- 5.2 beats/min) and APD90 (189 +/- 2.3 ms). Aortic occlusion during atrial pacing (130-160 beats/min) decreased APD90 from 147 +/- 7.0 to 78 +/- 3.4 ms (P < 0.01). Cervical vagotomy or atropine eliminated changes in rate and APD90 evoked by aortic occlusion. The results indicate that there is parallel central vagal control of both sinus rate and atrial repolarization. Sinus bradycardia during reflex vagal activation does not prevent the acceleration of atrial repolarization.
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Shelton, Mark J., Ross G. Hewitt, John Adams, Andrew Della-Coletta, Steven Cox, and Gene D. Morse. "Pharmacokinetics of Ritonavir and Delavirdine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 5 (May 2003): 1694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.5.1694-1699.2003.
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ABSTRACT To evaluate the pharmacokinetic effect of adding delavirdine mesylate to the antiretroviral regimens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients stabilized on a full dosage of ritonavir (600 mg every 12 h), 12 HIV-1-infected subjects had delavirdine mesylate (400 mg every 8 h) added to their current antiretroviral regimens for 21 days. Ritonavir pharmacokinetics were evaluated before (day 7) and after (day 28) the addition of delavirdine, and delavirdine pharmacokinetics were evaluated on day 28. The mean values (± standard deviations) for the maximum concentration in serum (C max) of ritonavir, the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0-12), and the minimum concentration in serum (C min) of ritonavir before the addition of delavirdine were 14.8 ± 6.7 μM, 94 ± 36 μM · h, and 3.6 ± 2.1 μM, respectively. These same parameters were increased to 24.6 ± 13.9 μM, 154 ± 83 μM · h, and 6.52 ± 4.85 μM, respectively, after the addition of delavirdine (P is <0.05 for all comparisons). Delavirdine pharmacokinetic parameters in the presence of ritonavir included a C max of 23 ± 16 μM, an AUC0-8 of 114 ± 75 μM · h, and a C min of 9.1 ± 7.5 μM. Therefore, delavirdine increases systemic exposure to ritonavir by 50 to 80% when the drugs are coadministered.
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Deisenhammer, Florian, Marlies Jank, Anna Lauren, Anders Sjödin, Malin Ryner, Anna Fogdell-Hahn, Claudia Sievers, et al. "Prediction of natalizumab anti-drug antibodies persistency." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 25, no. 3 (January 16, 2018): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517753721.
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Background: Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) against natalizumab develop early during treatment. ADA persistency is defined by two consecutive positive results as performed by the current qualitative ELISA assay (positive/negative). Very little is known about the magnitude of the natalizumab ADA response and persistency. Design/methods: We developed a highly sensitive natalizumab ADA titration assay on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform and a pharmacokinetic (PK) assay. We included 43 patients with a positive ELISA-ADA result within 6 months of treatment initiation (baseline) of whom a follow-up serum sample was available 12–30 months after treatment start. MSD-ADA titres and drug levels were measured. Results: Median MSD-ADA titre at baseline was 4881 and 303 at follow-up. A titre of >400 at baseline had a 94% sensitivity and 89% specificity to predict ADA persistency. Reversion to ADA negativity occurred in 10 patients with mean drug levels of 10.8 μg/mL. The median trough drug level in ADA-positive samples was 0 µg/mL. PK levels and ADA titres correlated strongly negatively ( r = −0.67). Conclusion: High baseline natalizumab ADA titres accurately predict persistency. Despite continuous treatment, the majority of patients with persistent ADA had no detectable drug levels indicating loss of efficacy in line with phase 3 study results.
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Hacini, Abdelbaki, Ahmad Hadi Ali, Nurul Nadia Adnan, and Nafarizal Nayan. "Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (December 28, 2022): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.133.
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ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The structural results show that both the as-deposited and the annealed ITO/Mo thin films have a polycrystalline structure, and that the annealing treatment enhanced the crystallinity of samples. Moreover, the XRD patterns exhibited a cubic structure preferentially oriented along the (222) and (400) planes. The AFM analysis shows that grain size and RMS roughness increased from 16.02 to 36.19 nm and 0.4 to 2.6 nm, respectively, when the laser energy was increased to 120 mJ. The as-deposited sample has an optical transmittance of nearly 80% in the 300–800 nm range. The laser annealing yielded a higher transmittance of 94% and increased the bandgap energy from 2.76 to 2.88 eV at 120 mJ. The annealing treatment decreased the resistivity from 15.63 × 10−4 to 1.73 × 10−4 Ω/cm−1. Additionally, the figure of merit of the ITO/Mo structure improved significantly from 6.63 × 10−4 Ω−1 of the as-deposited sample to 17.6 × 10−3 Ω−1 of the the annealed structure. The results indicate that the laser annealing could improve the efficiency of the transparent conductive layer, which can be potentially applied in optoelectronic devices.
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ÖZER, Beril. "Türkiye’de 2000-2020 Yılları Arasında Yazılan ve Eğitim Örgütlerindeki Sinizmi İnceleyen Lisansüstü Tezlerin İçerik Analizi." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 54 (December 28, 2022): 831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1064459.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2020 yıllarını kapsayan yirmi yıllık süreçte, eğitim örgütlerine yönelik yapılan ve örgütsel sinizm olgusunu inceleyen çalışmaları betimsel olarak incelemek, kavramın hangi konular ile ilişkilendirildiğini ve hangi değişkenlere göre ayrıştığını tespit etmektir. Önceden belirlenen kriterler doğrultusunda seçilen ve yalnızca Yök Tez-Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde izinli durumda bulunan yüksek lisans ve doktora tezlerinin araştırma örneklemine dahil edildiği çalışmada 139 yüksek lisans ve doktora tezine ulaşılmıştır. Belirli kategorilere ayrıştırılan tezler IBM SPSS 22 programıyla “Frekans analizi, Çapraz analiz ve Chi-Square (Ki- Kare) testine tabi tutulmuştur. Veri analizi sonucunda; 139 tezin 99’unun (%71,2) 2017-2020 yılları arasında yazıldığı, 120 tez (%86,3) yüksek lisans tezi iken 19’unun (%13,7) doktora tezi olduğu, 108 tezin (%77,7) okul öncesi ve 1-2-3. eğitim kademesi ile karma eğitim kademesine yönelik gerçekleştirildiği, 98 tezin (%70,5) araştırmacısının bağlı olduğu anabilim dalının eğitim bilimleri anabilim dalı olduğu, en fazla tercih edilen örneklem sayısının 45 sıklık ile (%32,4) 301-400 olduğu, en fazla çalışmanın 37 sıklık ile (%26,6) Marmara Bölgesi’nde gerçekleştirildiği, 102 tezin (%73,4) öğretmenlere yönelik örgütsel sinizmi araştırdığı, en çok tercih edilen veri toplama yönteminin 137 sıklıkla (%98,6) ölçek (anket) yöntemi olduğu ve en çok tercih edilen ölçeğin 94 (%67,6) sıklık ile Brandes ve diğerlerinin 1999’da geliştirdiği örgütsel sinizm ölçeği olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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YANG, DONG-SHENG, XIAN-HUA LI, WU-XIAN LI, XIN-QUAN LIANG, WEN-GUO LONG, and XIAO-LIN XIONG. "U–Pb and40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the Baiyunshan gneiss (central Guangdong, south China): constraints on the timing of early Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonothermal events in the Wuyun (Wuyi-Yunkai) Orogen." Geological Magazine 147, no. 4 (January 12, 2010): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990811.
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AbstractComposite Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon and40Ar–39Ar step-heating biotite-hornblende ages are used to provide constraints on the timing and origin of the felsic gneissic rocks in the Baiyunshan Mountains region and to elucidate their tectonothermal history. SHRIMP dating and CL imaging of zircons give magmatic zircon crystallization ages between Late Ordovician and Early Silurian (c.453.5 Ma, 446 Ma, and 439 Ma) for three representative felsic gneisses, suggesting that most of the Baiyunshan gneiss cannot represent basement rocks of the Cathaysia Block as previously thought. Including the present age information, a synthesis of available age data for regional Wuyun (Wuyi-Yunkai) events reflects the emergence of orogen-wide magmatism that could be syn-orogenic and have occurred mainly between 460 and 420 Ma in the South China Block. Inherited zircons are abundant, with ages clustering at late Mesoproterozoic (1189–1017 Ma) and middle Mesoproterozoic (772 Ma), which reveals that the Baiyunshan orthogneiss samples a crustal basement containing significant igneous or recycled components related to the Rodinia amalgamation and break-up. A SHRIMP date of 212 ± 12 Ma from a white rim of zircon provides evidence for metamorphic overprinting of an Indosinian tectonothermal event on the Baiyunshan gneiss. Incremental heating experiments with six biotite samples and one hornblende sample from a variety of metamorphic rocks yielded two distinct40Ar–39Ar age groups: 150–155 and 94–98 Ma. The older ages are similar to zircon U–Pb dates for widespread granitic intrusions in central Guangdong. We attribute them to Late Jurassic magmatism-induced thermal resetting of the biotite K–Ar system. On the other hand, the younger age group is interpreted to record either cooling through the biotite closure temperature of ~300–350 °C or a second resetting of biotite Ar isotopes atc.94–98 Ma due to contemporaneous magmatic activity. Our present age data suggest that the Maofengshan orthogneiss was exhumed to 8 to 10 km crustal levels atc.150 Ma, whereas the eastward components of gneissic rock masses appear to have passed upward through the same crustal depth synchronously or later (byc.94 Ma). Exhumation of middle crustal-level rocks in the study area sincec.155 Ma is roughly coeval with exhumation of gneissic rocks from elsewhere in the Wuyun Orogen, suggesting a large-scale mechanism for the exhumation pulse related to the Yanshanian extensional tectonic regime.
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Wagenaar, C., W. Walrabenstein, M. van der Leeden, F. Turkstra, J. Twisk, M. Boers, H. van Middendorp, P. Weijs, and D. van Schaardenburg. "AB0384 THE EFFECT OF A LIFESTYLE PROGRAM ON PATIENTS AT RISK FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS:THE “PLANTS FOR JOINTS” PILOT RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.402.
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BackgroundAn unhealthy lifestyle increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interventions including plant-based diets, physical activity, and stress management have shown benefits for RA patients but have not yet been evaluated in a program for patients at risk for RA.ObjectivesTo investigate preliminary effectiveness of a multidisciplinary lifestyle program on RA risk in patients at risk for RA, in comparison to usual care.MethodsIn the “Plants for Joints” (PFJ) pilot RCT, patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive arthralgia were randomized to the PFJ or control group. Both groups received usual care while the PFJ group additionally followed a 16-week lifestyle program based on a whole food plant-based diet, physical activity, and stress management.1 The primary outcome was risk of developing RA as quantified by the RA risk score (including family history, symmetry, stiffness, pain level, RF/ACPA level).2 The maximum score (13 points) was given to participants who developed RA. Secondary outcomes included self-reported pain intensity, inflammatory, anthropometric, and metabolic markers, and serum levels of ACPA and rheumatoid factor (RF). A linear mixed model for between group analysis was used, adjusted for baseline values.Results14 out of 17 included patients completed the study (all female, mean age 47 years). Three patients (n = 2 PFJ group, n = 1 control group) were diagnosed with RA after mean 9.6 weeks and remained in the study. After 16 weeks there was no significant difference in RA risk score between PFJ and control groups (Figure 1). Compared to the control group, the PFJ group had significantly lower fat mass and LDL-cholesterol after 16 weeks (Table 1). After the intervention the PFJ group had an average weight loss of 4.9 kg, of which 2.7 kg was fat mass.Table 1.Results reported as mean (SD) when normally distributed and median [Q1 – Q3] when skewed. P-value <0.05 = significant. RA = rheumatoid arthritis, ACPA = anti-citrullinated protein antibody, RF = Rheumatoid factor, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP = C-reactive protein.Plants for Joints group (n = 7)Control group (n = 7)BaselineWeek 16BaselineWeek 16p-valueRA risk and related outcomesRA risk score6.1 (1.4)8.6 (3.4)7.1 (1.4)8.3 (2.3)0.56Pain intensity4.9 (2.6)3.8 (1.9)5.7 (2.6)4.0 (2.1)0.74ACPA, kU/l330 [94 - 530]225 [116 - 550]256 [79 - 462]202 [94 - 403]0.86RF, kU/l13 [3 - 68]11 [3 - 56]12 [3 - 21]5 [4 - 12]0.96RA diagnosis, N0201-InflammationESR, mmol/hour9 [6 - 15]7 [6 - 9]7 [6 - 12]12 [8 -17]0.79CRP, mg/l0.7 [0.6 - 2.5]0.6 [0.6 - 1.2]3.0 [1.1 - 3.6]3.3 [1.3 - 6.7]0.58AnthropometricWeight, kg78.4 (18.6)73.5 (16.4)77.4 (16.2)77.0 (16.3)0.28BMI, kgm-226.8 (5.3)25.1 (4.5)28.2 (6.2)28.0 (6.0)0.23Fat mass, kg30.6 (14.3)27.9 (12.3)31.2 (12.8)29.8 (13.0)<0.01Waist circumference, cm87.9 (13.3)86.6 (11.6)91.6 (15.5)90.6 (16.1)0.33MetabolicLDL-cholesterol, mmol/l3.1 (0.87)2.83 (0.75)3.07 (0.36)3.05 (0.36)<0.01HbA1C, mmol/mol34.9 (3.2)34.4 (3.1)35.1 (3.0)36.9 (3.6)0.97ConclusionThe results of this pilot study do not suggest the PFJ lifestyle program influenced RA risk score, pain, or autoantibody levels, although possible effects cannot be excluded due to the small sample size. However, metabolic health clearly improved in the PFJ group.References[1]Walrabenstein, Trials 2021[2]van de Stadt, Ann Rheum Dis 2013AcknowledgementsC. W. was funded by ZonMW (The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development) grant number 555003210.Disclosure of InterestsCarlijn Wagenaar: None declared, Wendy Walrabenstein: None declared, Marieke van der Leeden: None declared, Franktien Turkstra: None declared, Jos Twisk: None declared, Maarten Boers Consultant of: Consultant for Novartis, Henriët van Middendorp: None declared, Peter Weijs: None declared, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg: None declared
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Ikeh, A. O., N. U. Ndaeyo, and C. E. Ikeh. "Effects of integrated fertilization on soil sustainability and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yield in an ultisol." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v4i2.197.
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The present study aimed to assess the effects of integrated fertilization on soil and cassava yield. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the 24 x 5 factorial. Factor A comprised 24 cassava genotypes, while Factor B comprised five fertilizer treatment rates (2.5 t/ha poultry manure (PM) + 300 kg/ha NPKMg, 5 t/ha PM + 200 kg/ha NPKMg, and 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg), 400 kg/ha NPKMg fertilizer, and control. Integrated fertilizer application improved soil fertility compared to 400 kg/ha NPKMg and control treatments. Integrated fertilization of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had a 16–26% and 15–25% significant increase in soil pH compared to other treatments, respectively. Application of 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg had significant organic matter content at harvest (2.92 and 3.11%) compared to initial values of 1.37 and 1.55%. The treatments of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had (30-88% and 30-87%) and (8-94%, and 11- 91%) higher organic matter and N than other treatments at harvest. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in storage root yields. The NR07/0240 produced significant storage root yields of 34.41 and 34.12 t/ha in both cropping seasons. Obubit Okpo had the least yield: 7.34 and 6.55 t/ha. Treatment with 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg out-yielded other fertilizer treatments, while control had the least storage root yield. The result revealed that treatments with integrated fertilizers had lower soil pH, significantly higher total N, organic matter, and exchangeable bases at harvest.
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Steen, R. W. J., and Charlotte A. Moore. "A comparison of silage-based and dried forage-based diets, and the effect of protein supplementation of a silage-based diet for finishing beef cattle." Animal Science 49, no. 2 (October 1989): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032360.
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ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to compare silage-based and dried forage-based diets for finishing beef cattle and to examine the effects of protein supplementation and formaldehyde treatment of silage on performance and carcass composition. The four diets used consisted, on a dry matter basis, of (1) 700 g/kg formic acid-treated grass silage and 300 g/kg low protein cereal-based concentrate (LPC), (2) 720 g/kg formic acid-treated silage and 280 g/kg high protein cereal/fish meal concentrate, (3) 600 g/kg formaldehyde-treated silage and 400 g/kg LPC, and (4) 480 g/kg artificially dried grass and grass hay and 520 g/kg LPC. The silages were well preserved with 33 to 40 g ammonia N per kg total nitrogen. The diets were offered to 40 British Friesian castrated male cattle which were initially 387 (s.e. 2·9) kg live weight. For diets 1 to 4 respectively metabolizable energy intakes were 91·8, 94·7, 94·9 and 91·8 MJ/day; total nitrogen intakes 192, 234, 189 and 191 g/day; live-weight gains 0/89, 0/93, 0/86 and 0/82 (s.e. 0/045) kg/day; carcass gains 0·51, 0·52, 0·52, 0·52 and 0·50 (s.e. 0·33) kg/day; mean subcutaneous fat depths 5·6, 5·4, 5·3 and 6·0 (s.e. 0·41) mm; marbling scores 3·0, 3·3, 3·2 and 2·6 (s.e. 0·19) and areas of m. longissimus dorsi 65·7, 66·4, 64·7 and 64·3 (s.e. 1·66) cm2. It is concluded that performance, efficiency of energy utilization and carcass fatness were similar for a diet containing 700 g/kg well preserved grass silage and a dried forage-based diet with a similar intake of energy and protein. Protein supplementation of a diet based on formic acid-treated silage or formaldehyde treatment of silage did not affect performance or carcass fatness.
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Nasser, Azmi, Joseph T. Hull, Fatima A. Chowdhry, Toyin Adewole, Tesfaye Liranso, and Stefan Schwabe. "112 A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (P302): Efficacy and Safety of Extended-Release Viloxazine in Adolescents with ADHD." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000309.
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Abstract:Study Objective:SPN-812 (extended-release viloxazine) is a structurally distinct, bicyclic, Serotonin Norepinephrine Modulating Agent (SNMA) in development as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. This Phase 3, randomized, double-blind study (P302) evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily SPN-812 at doses of 200 and 400 mg compared to placebo in adolescents ages 12-17yrs with ADHD.Method:Inclusion criteria required subjects have a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) ADHD diagnosis, ADHD-Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) score ≥28, Clinical Global Impression-Severity score ≥4, and be free of ADHD medication ≥1 week before randomization. This investigation was conducted at 34 study sites in the United States. Subjects (N=310) were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo:200 mg SPN-812:400 mg SPN-812. The treatment period included up to 1 week of titration and 5 weeks of maintenance (intent-to-treat population: N=301; placebo=104, 200 mg=94, 400 mg=103). The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) at end of study (EOS) in ADHD-RS-5 total score. Key secondary endpoints included Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) score at EOS, and CFB at EOS in Conners 3-Parent Short Form (Conners 3-PS) Composite T-score and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Form (WFIRS-P) total average score. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), laboratory tests, vital signs, physical exams, electrocardiograms, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale.Results:Compared to placebo, a significantly greater improvement in ADHD-RS-5 total score was observed in the 200 mg and 400 mg SPN-812 treatment group at EOS (p=0.0232, p=0.0091; respectively). Significant improvement in CGI-I score at EOS for both 200 mg and 400 mg SPN-812 compared to placebo was also observed (p=0.0042, p=0.0003; respectively). No significant change was observed at either dose compared to placebo in the Conners 3-PS Composite T-score (p=0.6854, p=0.0518; respectively), or the WFIRS-P total average score (p=0.2062, p=0.0519; respectively). The most common (≥5%) treatment-related AEs were somnolence, decreased appetite, fatigue, headache, and nausea.Conclusions:In this study, SPN-812 met the primary objective for both the 200 and 400 mg doses, and a key secondary objective (CGI-I) for both the 200 and 400 mg doses. AE-related dropouts were ≤5%, indicating SPN-812 treatment was well tolerated.This study is an encore of a poster presentation at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP).Funding Acknowledgements:This research was funded by Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, MD.
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Hampton, Jordan O., Grant Eccles, Rob Hunt, Andrew J. Bengsen, Andrew L. Perry, Steve Parker, Corissa J. Miller, et al. "A comparison of fragmenting lead-based and lead-free bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0247785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247785.
Full textAbstract:
In response to the health threats posed by toxic lead to humans, scavenging wildlife and the environment, there is currently a focus on transitioning from lead-based to lead-free bullets for shooting of wild animals. We compared efficiency metrics and terminal ballistic performance for lead-based and lead-free (non-lead) bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in eastern Australia. Ballistic testing revealed that lead-based and lead-free bullets achieved similar performance in precision and muzzle kinetic energy (E0) levels (3337.2 J and 3345.7 J, respectively). An aerial shooting trial was conducted with wild pigs shot with one type of lead-based and one type of lead-free bullets under identical conditions. Observations were made from 859 shooting events (n = 430 and 429 respectively), with a sub-set of pigs examined via gross post-mortem (n = 100 and 108 respectively), and a further sub-set examined via radiography (n = 94 and 101 respectively). The mean number of bullets fired per pig killed did not differ greatly between lead-based and lead-free bullets respectively (4.09 vs 3.91), nor did the mean number of bullet wound tracts in each animal via post-mortem inspection (3.29 vs 2.98). However, radiography revealed a higher average number of fragments per animal (median >300 vs median = 55) and a broader distribution of fragments with lead-based bullets. Our results suggest that lead-based and lead-free bullets are similarly effective for aerial shooting of wild pigs, but that the bullet types behave differently, with lead-based bullets displaying a higher degree of fragmentation. These results suggest that aerial shooting may be a particularly important contributor to scavenging wildlife being exposed to lead and that investigation of lead-free bullets for this use should continue.