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Kobayashi, Akira, Hideaki Yokogawa, Natsuko Mori, Toshinori Masaki, and Kazuhisa Sugiyama. "Development of a Donor Tissue Holding Technique for Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using a 25-Gauge Graft Manipulator." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 9, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493571.
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Purpose: To report a modified surgical technique called the “donor tissue holding technique for Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK)” using a newly developed 25-gauge graft manipulator. Methods: Six consecutive patients exhibiting endothelial dysfunction were enrolled and treated by DMEK. In brief, after insertion of a DMEK donor into the anterior chamber, the edge of the roll was grasped using a graft manipulator and this grasp was maintained throughout the centering and opening of the roll (holding technique). The following parameters were evaluated in comparison to the previous 10 consecutive DMEK cases in which the no touch technique was used: time of graft unfolding, incidence of intra-/postoperative complications, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 6 months after the procedure. Results: In both technique groups, neither intra- nor postoperative complications were noted in any case. No differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative BCVA (p = 0.88). Also, no differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative ECD (holding technique group: 2,108.3 cells/mm2, no touch technique group: 1,491.7 cells/mm2) (p = 0.08) Most notably, the time of graft unfolding prior to filling with air was significantly reduced in the holding technique group (305.5 s) compared to that of the no touch technique group (1,310.0 s; p = 0.01). Conclusions: This donor tissue holding technique enabled rapid and safe DMEK in a reproducible manner, even in Asian eyes with shallow anterior chambers with high vitreous pressure.
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Yue, Qing, Wei Han, and Zi-ling Liu. "Endoscopic reintervention after unilateral metal stent deployment for MHBO using SIS method." Medicine 102, no. 30 (July 28, 2023): e34467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034467.
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Endoscopic biliary drainage is the main treatment for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). Recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) often occurs after unilateral metal stent deployment. Endoscopic reintervention can be complex for this problem, especially for drainage of the contralateral bile duct. The stent-in-stent (SIS) method is a possible solution to this problem. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the SIS method for endoscopic reintervention in patients with RBO due to MHBO after unilateral metal stent deployment. Eleven patients with MHBO received endoscopic reintervention using the SIS method to manage RBO after unilateral metal stent deployment. Clinical data, including technical and clinical success, procedure time, adverse events and complications, stent patency, RBO of the revisionary stent, and survival time were recorded. Nine patients (82%) achieved technical success, and all 9 of them also achieved clinical success. The 2 unsuccessful cases received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage. The median procedure time was 73 minutes. The 3 adverse events were post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, cholangitis, and liver abscess. 6 patients (67%) experienced RBO of the revisionary stent, the median time to RBO of the revisionary stent was 95.5 days, the median survival time after reintervention was 111 days, and the median overall survival time was 305.5 days. Endoscopic reintervention after previous unilateral metal stent deployment using the SIS method appears to be safe and technically feasible for MHBO patients who experience RBO.
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Kerins, Paul J., Roger A. Vertrees, Karen A. Finn, Jonathan H. Cilley, and Anthony J. DelRossi. "Comparison of Two Colloid Constituents in Prime Solutions and the Effect on Blood Loss Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 21 (1989): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/198921s011.
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A retrospective study was conducted on a population of 24 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This population is divisible into two groups that differ in prime constituents. Group A used 500cc of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (Hespan) as the colloid, and Group B used 150cc of 25% albumin. No statistically significant differences were found in the preoperative demographics. All of these cases were done using the same perfusion technique and equipment. Intraoperative values displayed levels of significant difference (p <.05) between the two groups with respect to 1) bypass platelet count; and 2) greater usage of protamine in Group A. Group A Hespan = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 99.90+/-32.4, Blood loss (cc's) was 1033.3+/-305.5, Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.41:1.0 +/- .37 Group B Albumin = Platelet count x 1000/ml was 153.84 +/- 34.17; Blood loss was 929.6+/- 105.4; Protamine:Heparin ratio was 1.01:1.0 +/- .43 In the postoperative phase which ended when the chest tube was removed, levels of significant difference were as follows: Group A Hespan = Platelet Ct.#2 x 1000/ml was 124.87 +/- 30.62, Blood loss (cc's) was 1390.25 +/- 405.78, PPF Admin. ratio was 1417 +/- 506.32. Group B Albumin= Platelet count x 1000 ml was 159.71 +/- 41.22; Blood loss= 1087.0 +/- 385.72, PPF Admin. ratio was 875 +/- 291.94. From this study it seems as though there are two factors contributing to the increased blood loss seen in Group A that may result from Hespan usage - the intraoperative and postoperative decreased platelet count and the increased amount of protamine used. Furthermore, Group A patients required substantially more PPF postoperatively.
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Porosnicu, Tamara Mirela, Dorel Sandesc, Daniel Jipa, Ciprian Gindac, Cristian Oancea, Felix Bratosin, Roxana Manuela Fericean, et al. "Assessing the Outcomes of Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Therapeutic Plasma Exchange by Number of TPE Sessions." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051743.
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The high mortality risk in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections is tightly correlated to the extreme elevation of inflammatory markers. This acute accumulation of inflammatory proteins can be cleared using plasma exchange (TPE), commonly known as plasmapheresis, although the available data on performing TPE in COVID-19 patients is limited regarding the optimal treatment protocol. The purpose for this study was to examine the efficacy and outcomes of TPE based on different treatment methods. A thorough database search was performed to identify patients from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumology between March 2020 and March 2022 with severe COVID-19 that underwent at least one session of TPE. A total of 65 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and were eligible for TPE as a last resort therapy. Of these, 41 patients received 1 TPE session, 13 received 2 TPE sessions, and the remaining 11 received more than 2 TPE sessions. It was observed that IL-6, CRP, and ESR decreased significantly after all sessions were performed in all three groups, with the highest decrease of IL-6 in those who received >2 TPE sessions (from 305.5 pg/mL to 156.0 pg/mL). Interestingly, there was a significant increase in leucocyte levels after TPE, but there was no significant difference in MAP changes, SOFA score, APACHE 2 score, or the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The ROX index was significantly higher among the patients who underwent more than two TPE sessions, with an average of 11.4, compared to 6.5 in group 1 and 7.4 in group 2, which increased significantly after TPE. Nevertheless, the mortality rate was very high (72.3%), and the Kaplan–Meier analysis identified no significant difference in survival according to the number of TPE sessions. TPE can be used as last resort salvage therapy that can be regarded as an alternative treatment method when the standard management of these patients fails. It significantly decreases the inflammatory status measured via IL-6, CRP, and WBC, as well as demonstrating an improvement of the clinical status measured via PaO2/FiO2, and duration of hospitalization. However, the survival rate does not seem to change with the number of TPE sessions. Based on the survival analysis, one session of TPE as last resort treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 proved to have the same effect as repeated TPE sessions of 2 or more.
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Shen, Cheng, Zhengguang Wu, Peng Xiao, Aihong Kang, and Yangbo Wang. "Experimental Research on the Anti-Reflection Crack Performance of Basalt Fiber Modified Rubber Asphalt Stress-Absorbing Layer." Materials 17, no. 9 (April 25, 2024): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092013.
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Reflection cracks are one of the most common problems in semi-rigid base pavement. Setting a stress absorption layer can effectively delay the occurrence of reflection cracks, but further improvement is still needed in its interlayer bonding performance and anti-reflection crack performance. Considering the excellent crack resistance of basalt fibers and the good elastic recovery ability of rubber asphalt, it is considered worthwhile to incorporate them into traditional stress absorption layers to improve performance. To simulate the actual pavement layer effect, composite specimens consisting of a cement-stabilized macadam base + basalt fiber rubber asphalt stress-absorbing layer + AC-20 asphalt mixture surface layer were prepared to evaluate their performance through interlayer direct shear tests, interlayer tensile tests, three-point bending tests, and overlay tests (OTs). To determine the optimal fiber blending combination, four fiber lengths (3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm) and four fiber proportions (120 g/m2, 140 g/m2, 160 g/m2, 180 g/m2) were selected respectively. The specific effects of basalt fibers with different lengths and dosages were analyzed. The results show that compared with the absence of fibers, the improvement of interlayer bonding performance of rubber asphalt with basalt fibers is not significant, and it has certain limitations; however, the improvement of anti-reflective crack performance is significant, with an increase of up to 305.5%. This indicates that the network structure formed by basalt fibers and rubber asphalt stress absorption layer can effectively absorb and disperse external loads, causing an excellent crack resistance effect. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the main factor affecting its interlayer bonding strength and anti-reflective crack performance is the fiber content. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the performance and economy of the stress absorption layer of basalt fiber rubber asphalt, the optimal fiber parameter combination recommended is as fiber length 9 cm and fiber content 160 g/m2.These results can provide a reference for the design and performance evaluation of basalt fiber rubber asphalt stress absorption layer, and have certain application value.
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Bridoux, Frank, Bertrand Arnulf, Lionel Karlin, Nicolas Blin, Nolwenn Rabot, Margaret Macro, Vincent Audard, et al. "Randomized Trial Comparing Double Versus Triple Bortezomib-Based Regimen in Patients With Multiple Myeloma and Acute Kidney Injury Due to Cast Nephropathy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 23 (August 10, 2020): 2647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.00298.
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PURPOSE We report a multicenter controlled trial comparing renal recovery and tolerance profile of doublet versus triplet bortezomib-based regimens in patients with initial myeloma cast nephropathy (CN) and acute kidney injury (AKI) without need for dialysis. METHODS After symptomatic measures and high-dose dexamethasone, patients were randomly assigned to receive bortezomib plus dexamethasone (BD), or BD plus cyclophosphamide (C-BD). In patients with < 50% reduction of serum free light chains (sFLCs) after 3 cycles, chemotherapy was reinforced with either cyclophosphamide (BD group) or thalidomide (C-BD group). RESULTS Ninety-two patients were enrolled in each group. At random assignment, characteristics of the 2 groups were similar, including median age (68 years) and serum creatinine level (305.5 and 273.5 µmol/L in BD and C-BD group, respectively). At 3 months, renal response rate (primary end point) was not different (41 v 47 responders in the BD and C-BD groups, respectively; relative risk [RR], 0.87; P = .46). Very good partial response (free light chain reduction ≥ 90%) or more was achieved in 36 and 47 patients, respectively (RR, 0.76; P = .10). After 1 cycle of chemotherapy, 69 in the BD group and 67 patients in the C-BD group had achieved sFLC level ≤ 500 mg/L. Serious adverse events were recorded in 30 and 40 patients, respectively. At 12 months, 19 patients had died (9 in the BD group v 10 in the C-BD group), including 10 (6 in the BD group and 4 in the C-BD group) from myeloma progression and 3 (0 in the BD group and 3 in the C-BD group) from infection. Within median follow-up of 27 months, 43 and 42 patients switched to new therapy, respectively. Overall, 50 patients (24 in the BD group and 26 in the C-BD group) had died. CONCLUSION This randomized study did not show any benefit of C-BD compared with BD on renal recovery of patients with initial CN not requiring dialysis. Adding cyclophosphamide did not sufficiently improve the efficacy-toxicity balance. Patients with myeloma with AKI are fragile, and indication for doublet or triplet regimen should be adapted to frailty.
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Sun, Ning, Yuhua Wang, Ying Zhang, Haoran Chu, Dongfang Lu, and Xiayu Zheng. "Effects of Temperature on Spodumene Flotation and Gas–Liquid Interface of Sodium Oleate Solutions." Minerals 14, no. 4 (April 4, 2024): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040380.
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This study investigates the negative impact of temperature on spodumene flotation from the perspective of the gas–liquid interface of sodium oleate (NaOL) solutions. Micro-flotation tests revealed a significant decrease in the flotation recovery of spodumene when NaOL was employed as a collector, dropping from 55.3% at 305.4 K to 5.1% at 277.3 K as the temperature decreased. A strong linear correlation between the surface tension of the NaOL solution and temperature was established. As the temperature decreased, the surface tension of 6 × 10−5 mol/L NaOL increased from 37.88 mN/m at 294.9 K to 40.71 mN/m at 281.9 K, while its critical micelle concentration decreased from 9.49 × 10−4 mol/L at 305.0 K to 6.85 × 10−4 mol/L at 288.0 K. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated that a decrease in temperature resulted in an enhancement of intermolecular action forces, a more compacted interfacial structure, and weakened molecular thermal motion at the gas–liquid interface of the NaOL solution. These variations were found to be the main reason for the rise in the surface tension of the NaOL solution as the temperature decreased, which in turn lowered its efficiency, resulting in a decrease in the flotation efficiency of spodumene.
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Lawal, Abiola S., Tobi Z. Ogunribido, Yuechi Fu, Olayiwola Adeola, and Kolapo M. Ajuwon. "145 Performance, postweaning diarrhea, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility responses of weanling pigs to nucleotide supplementation of low-protein diets." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2024): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.119.
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Abstract Feeding low protein (LP) diets to nursery pigs has been reported to improve intestinal health, reduce incidence of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) and nitrogen excretion. However, these benefits are often undermined by significant reduction in growth performance. This study evaluated the effects of low protein diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides on growth performance, post weaning diarrhea and nitrogen utilization. A total of 210 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were weaned at 21 d of age and allowed a 3-d adaptation to a common solid post weaning diet. At 24 d old, pigs were reweighed (6.02 ± 0.05 kg) and allocated to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design to give 7 replicates per treatment (n = 6 piglets per replicate). The 5 dietary treatments included i) a high protein positive control diet (PC) with 24% crude protein (CP); ii) a low protein negative control (NC) with 16% CP; iii) NC with 0.1% dietary nucleotide inclusion (NC01); iv) NC with 0.3% dietary nucleotide inclusion (NC03); and v) NC with 0.9% dietary nucleotide inclusion (NC09). All diets were corn-soybean meal based, supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine, with all low protein diets (LP) additionally fortified with crystalline isoleucine, and valine to meet the ideal amino acid requirements. Diets were provided ad libitum for 35 d and weekly feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were measured. On d 35, blood and fecal samples were collected to determine serum metabolites and nutrient digestibility respectively. Data were analyzed by PROC GLM and orthogonal polynomial contrast of SAS. Comparison between positive and negative control diets and nucleotide levels were performed with orthogonal contrast analysis. Relative to PC, NC diet had decreased overall average daily gain (343.5 vs. 305.5 g/d), incidence of PWD (2.5 vs. 1.2 fecal consistency score), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 11.3 vs. 3.4 mg/dL) and total tract digestibility of energy (81.3 vs. 80.1 %; P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.1, respectively). Relative to PC, the NC01, NC03 and NC09 treatments had comparable average daily gain (P > 0.05) while maintaining reduced (P < 0.05) BUN and incidence of PWD. Total tract digestibility of dry matter (83.1 vs. 82.1%) and energy (81.3 vs. 80.1%) were similar between PC and NC09 treatments (P > 0.05). Crude protein reduction decreased serum glutathione (P < 0.05), but without an effect of nucleotide supplementation. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were not different across treatments (P > 0.05). Results suggest that feeding LP diets supplemented with dietary nucleotide after weaning can increase protein utilization efficiency, reduce incidence of PWD while partially ameliorating the negative effects of LP diets on growth performance.
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Mathew, J., C. Kopp, S. K. Sharma, V. Dhir, S. Dhooria, A. Sinha, and S. Jain. "OP0240 A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF TACROLIMUS WITH MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS - INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE (INSIST TRIAL)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 160.1–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3107.
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BackgroundInterstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis(SSc-ILD) is heterogeneous with limited therapeutic options. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the most commonly used first line agent for SSc-ILD. Tacrolimus has shown promising efficacy in few small case series, and large cohorts of patients with non-SSC-ILD[1], but has never been evaluated in the setting of a clinical trial.ObjectivesTo compare the safety and efficacy of Tacrolimus with MMF in patients with progressive SSc-ILD.MethodsIn this single center open labelled, prospective, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled pilot study (INSIST) conducted between November 2021 to December 2022, patients with progressive ILD (FVC decline >10%) due to SSc, aged between 18-65 years, disease duration <10 years, without concomitant inflammatory myositis, with an FVC of 40-85%, and not having received active immunosuppression other than prednisolone <10mg/day in the last 6 months were randomized to receive either MMF (target dose 2gm/day) or tacrolimus (Max dose-0.075 mg/kg/day; target trough levels- 4-10ng/ml) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the difference in change in FVC% at 24 weeks; secondary outcomes included absolute change in FVC, skin scores, 6-minute walk distance, Mahler’s transitional dyspnea index, ACR-CRISS and revised CRISS responses and adverse outcomes. (Trial Reg: CTRI/2021/11/037864)Results25 out of 26 patients (13 in each group) completed 24 weeks follow up. Majority had Anti-Scl 70 positivity (73%) and limited skin disease. At 24 weeks, the mean change in FVC was 4.4% (10.6) and 6.92%(8.4) in the MMF and tacrolimus groups respectively (difference 2.52%, 95% CI (-10.3 to 5.18); p-0.500). All patients on tacrolimus and 85% of patients on MMF had stabilization (ΔFVC% -5% TO 5%) or improvement (ΔFVC%>10%) in lung function. Secondary outcomes were similar between two groups. Subgroup analyses stratified by ILD type, skin involvement at baseline, and early vs late SSc yielded similar results. The mean tacrolimus levels were 4.9 ng/ml(1.47) and the median dose needed to achieve these levels was 4mg/d. No serious adverse events were noted in either group; use of tacrolimus did not result in renal dysfunction or renal crises.ConclusionTacrolimus resulted in comparable improvement to MMF across primary and secondary outcome measures at 24 weeks with a favorable safety profile in patients with SSc ILD. Larger studies with longer follow up are needed to investigate the role of calcineurin inhibitors in SSc.Reference[1]Ge Y, Zhou H et al. The efficacy of tacrolimus in patients with refractory dermatomyositis/polymyositis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol.2015 Dec 1;34(12):2097–103.Table 1.Primary and Secondary outcomes at 24 weeksMMF (n=13)Tacrolimus (n=13)P valueChange in FVC (% predicted), mean (SD)+ 4.4 (10.6)+ 6.92 (8.4)Difference 2.52%, 95% CI (-10.3 to 5.18); p-0.500Absolute change in FVC (ml), mean (SD)+ 176.8 (305.5)+130.7 (164.6)0.636Change in mRSS, median (IQR)-1 (-3 to -0.5)-1 (-1 to -0.5)0.209Change in 6MWD (metres), mean (SD)63.15 (56.72)32.67 (27.53)0.094Change in SGRQ score, mean (SD)-14.83 (12.40)-12.97 (11.78)0.698Focal Score TDI, median (IQR)3 (2-4)3 (2-4)0.979Change in SF-36 PCS, mean (SD)5.59 (4.89)4.72 (12.91)0.823Change in SF-36 MCS, mean (SD)3.46 (7.86)5.58 (5.54)0.446Change in PGA, median (IQR)-2.0 (-2.5 to -1.5)-2.0 (-2 to -1)0.364Change in HAQ-DI, median (IQR)-0.23 (-0.25 to -0.19)-0.125 (-0.25 to -0.125)0.393ACR-CRISS Improvement, n (%)5 (38.5)3 (23.1)0.395Revised ACR-CRISS responders; n (%)10 (76.9)7 (53.9)0.416FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; 6MWD- 6 minute walk distance; mRSS- Modified Rodnan Skin Score; SGRQ- St. George Respiratory Questionnaire; HAQ-DI- Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index; TDI- Transitional Dyspnea Index; SF-36- Short Form 36; PCS- Physical component summary; MCS- Mental Component Summary; CRISS - Composite Response Index in Systemic SclerosisFigure 1.Changes in FVC% stratified by magnitude of changeAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Garcia, Grant, Anirudh K. Gowd, Brandon C. Cabarcas, Joseph N. Liu, Anthony A. Romeo, and Nikhil N. Verma. "Radiographic Predictors of Elbow Injury and Surgery in Major League Baseball Pitchers." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (July 1, 2018): 2325967118S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00085.
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Objectives: To evaluate predictive ability of asymptomatic screening MRI’s of Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers and compare associated findings with future DL placement, pitching statistics, and elbow surgery. Methods: A total of 40 consecutive asymptomatic elbow MRI’s in MLB pitchers at a single organization were analyzed from 2005 - 2017. Asymptomatic MRI was defined as a screening MRI at time of contract signing having been performed at least 6 months prior to DL placement for any elbow-related injury. Publicly available DL data, career innings pitched, career games started, career pitch count, and career max velocity of pitch were obtained. A blinded investigator examined each MRI for pathological signals. Data was analyzed on players that were eventually placed on the DL compared to those with no DL placement. Results: 40 consecutive elbow MRIs of MLB players were reviewed. The average age of the injured cohort was 28.3 ± 3.2 years (16 players) and 28.8 ± 5.5 years (24 players) for the non-injured cohort. There was no statistical difference in age, handedness, height, weight, or pitching stats between the injured and non-injured cohorts. Abnormal radiographic signal intensity in the UCL (p<0.001) and humeral elevation of the UCL (p=0.01) were significantly associated with future DL placement. Those injured spent an average of 200.7 days and 191.7 days in the DL with signal in the UCL and those with humeral elevation of the UCL, respectively. Ulnar elevation/signal of the UCL (p=0.06), and posteromedial impingement (p=0.08) were approaching statistical significance. Of those injured 68.8% (11/16) underwent elbow surgery. Findings of ligament signal intensity (p<0.001), ulnar-sided UCL elevation (p=0.018), humeral-sided UCL elevation (p=0.002), and posteromedial impingement (p=0.042) were all significantly associated with future surgery. There was no significant correlation between injury and radiocapitellar or ulnohumeral chondral lesion, bone edema, loose bodies, or flexor-pronator mass muscle defect. The presence of a flexor-pronator mass muscle defect was associated with a significantly reduced number of innings pitched (53.7 ± 74.3 vs. 304.4 ± 305.5 innings, p=0.0317), games started (5 ± 7.1 vs. 40.1 ± 49.0 games, p=0.004), and pitch count (680.5 ± 919.9 vs. 40.1 ± 49.0 pitches, p=0.022). The presence of ligament signal (26.2 ± 37.1 vs. 51.7 ± 56.5 games, p=0.036) and ulnar elevation (6.3 ± 9.3 vs. 41.2 ± 9.3 games, p=0.003) was associated with significantly fewer games started. The presence of bone edema was associated with significantly decreased pitch count (1451.2 ± 1746.8 vs. 4128.0 ± 4718.0 pitches, p=0.023). There was no association between humeral UCL elevation, flexor-pronator mass tendon, or posteromedial impingement with innings pitched, games started, or pitch count. Conclusion: The heavy demand placed on the elbow joint in professional pitching produces degenerative changes visible on MRI prior to any symptoms, as demonstrated in previous studies. Specific degenerative changes in the UCL Ligament, particularly humeral sided elevation of the UCL, are significantly associated with future injury. [Table: see text]
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Shi, X., and L. Pan. "AB0738 ELEVATED PLATELET COUNT IS A RISK FACTOR FOR REFRACTORY TAKAYASU ARTERITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1575.1–1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1197.
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BackgroundTakayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic systemic vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta and its major branches. This chronic relapsing disease is relevant to significant morbidity and treatment remains challenging [1]. Early identification of refractory TAK is helpful to improve the long-term prognosis of the disease. In recent years, platelets have been recognized as important markers for various types of diseases [2]. Platelet counts may indicate the activity of autoimmune disease as well as responsiveness to anti-inflammatory therapy and presence of various comorbidities [3]. Multiple studies have demonstrated that platelet count of TAK patients was significantly increased, especially in the active phase, which was significantly higher than that in the inactive phase [4-8].ObjectivesPlatelets have been recognized as important markers for various types of diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate whether platelet count could be the risk factor of refractory Takayasu arteritis (TAK).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 57 patients were divided into groups with or without refractory TAK. We compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and medication between the two groups. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of refractory TAK.ResultsAmong the 57 patients, 18 cases (31.6%) were considered to have refractory TAK within 1 year of initiation of medication in our hospital. Refractory TAK patients had higher level of platelet (PLT) than non-refractory TAK patients (305.5 vs. 272.0, 109/L, P=0.043). PLT was positively correlated with ESR (r=0.502, p＜0.001), hs-CRP (r=0.529, p＜0.001), IgA (r=0.322, p=0.016), IgG (r=0.419, p=0.001), IgM (r=0.343, p=0.010), C3 (r=0.554, p＜0.001). For PLT, the area under the ROC curve was 0.668 (95% CI 0.515 to 0.822, p=0.043) and the best cut-off value was 296.5×109/L. The level of PLT greater than 296.5×109/L was found to be statistically related to refractory TAK (OR [95%CI] 4.000 [1.233-12.974], p=0.021).ConclusionClinicians should pay close attention to platelet levels in patients with TAK. For TAK patients with elevated platelet levels, earlier and more aggressive treatment is needed, and antiplatelet therapy is recommended as appropriate.References[1]Abisror, N., et al., Tocilizumab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: A case series and updated literature review. Autoimmunity reviews, 2013. 12(12): p. 1143-1149.[2]Yun, S., et al., Platelet Activation: The Mechanisms and Potential Biomarkers. BioMed Research International, 2016. 2016: p. 1-5.[3]Gasparyan, A.Y., et al., The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases. Annals of Laboratory Medicine, 2019. 39(4): p. 345-357.[4]Pan, L., et al., Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio associated with disease activity in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis: a case-control study. BMJ Open, 2017. 7(4): p. e014451.[5]Peng, Y., J. Guo and Y. Deng, The role of mean platelet volume in patients with Takayasu arteritis. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2017. 54(2): p. 273-278.[6]Wang, X., et al., Inflammation Is Associated With Platelet Coagulation Function Rather Than Enzymatic Coagulation Function in Patients With Takayasu Arteritis. Int Heart J, 2017. 58(4): p. 589-592.[7]Chen, R., et al., Serum complement 3 is a potential biomarker for assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2021. 23(1).[8]Seringec Akkececi, N., et al., The C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio and Complete Blood Count Parameters as Indicators of Disease Activity in Patients with Takayasu Arteritis. Medical Science Monitor, 2019. 25: p. 1401-1409.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Gholamrezaei, Sousan, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Hassan Hadadzadeh, and Mohammad Taghi Behnamfar. "Thermal Treatment Method for Synthesis and Characterization of the Octahedral Magnetic Nanostructures of Co3O4 from a New Precursor." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 7 (August 1, 2016): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0078.
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AbstractMagnetic Co3O4nanostructures were synthesized via a facile thermal treatment method at 700°C by usingtrans-Na[Co(HMTA)2(NO2)4].H2O as a new precursor. In synthetic process Co-complex was prepared by the reaction of Na3[Co(NO2)6] and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). Results show that the target Co-complex was synthesized successfully and provides good conditions for preparation of magnetic nanostructures in a facile and surfactant-free method to prepare the octahedral nanostructures. Precursors and nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and alternating gradient force magnetometer (AGFM). It is found that the Co3O4nanostructures exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 8.69 emu/g and a coercivity of 305.3 Oe at room temperature.
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Venkatesan, S., and N. Kannappan. "Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Three-Component Tablet Formulation Containing Rilpivirine Hydrochloride." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 16, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541727.
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Developing a single analytical method for estimation of individual drug from a multidrug composition is a very challenging task. A complexation, derivatization, extraction, evaporation, and sensitive-free direct UV spectrophotometric method is developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of some antiviral drugs such as emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and rilpivirine HCl (RPV) in tablet dosage form by Vierordt’s method. The solutions of standard and sample were prepared in methanol. The λmax for emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and rilpivirine hydrochloride were 240.8 nm, 257.6 nm, and 305.6 nm, respectively. Calibration curves are linear in the concentration ranges 4–12 μg/ml for EMT, 6–18 μg/ml for TDF, and 0.5–1.5 μg/ml for RPV, respectively. Results of analysis of simultaneous equation method were analyzed and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines.
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Rodríguez-Fernández, Carmen Antía, Ana Campo-Gesto, Aida López-López, and Mónica Gayoso-Rey. "Real-World Evidence for Treat-and-Extend Regimen of Ranibizumab Therapy for Macular Oedema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15010059.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen of ranibizumab as the first-choice treatment in macular oedema (MO) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). We conducted a retrospective study of 20 patients who developed MO due to BRVO treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in a T&E regimen between 2016 and 2017 with a minimum follow-up of two years. Patients were classified as complete responders if treated with ranibizumab alone or incomplete responders if salvage treatment with other medications or laser was needed. Data on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) every 6 months were recorded. The mean BCVA (logMAR) improved from 0.60 ± 0.36 to 0.29 ± 0.44 and the CMT decreased from 559.85 ± 198.61 to 305.85 ± 11.78 μm. We found statistically significant differences between complete and incomplete responders on the average number of injections during the second year (2.46 ± 2.18 compared to 5.43 ± 1.27; p = 0.007) and change of the BCVA and CMT between both groups (p < 0.001) at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. T&E seems to be effective in MO secondary to BRVO, improving visual function and decreasing CMT, with less need for injections.
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Conticini, Edoardo, Miriana d’Alessandro, Laura Bergantini, Diego Castillo, Paolo Cameli, Bruno Frediani, Luca Cantarini, and Elena Bargagli. "KL-6 in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients with and without ILD: A Machine Learning Approach." Biology 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010094.
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Background: ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are small vessel vasculitis distinguished between microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The former may have interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a marker of fibrotic ILD, was assessed for distinguishing AAV patients with ILD from those without ILD, and whether its changes over time are correlated with disease activity. Materials and Methods: Thirteen AAV patients (eight females, mean age 61 ± 14.8 years) were enrolled: six MPA and six GPA. Serum samples were assayed for KL-6 concentrations (Fujirebio Europe, Belgium). To investigate potential binary classifiers for diagnosis of AAV-ILD, we constructed a regression decision tree model. Results: Higher serum KL-6 were in AAV-ILD compared with those without ILD (972.8 ± 398.5 vs 305.4 ± 93.9, p = 0.0040). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve showed 100% of the diagnostic performance of KL-6 for identifying the ILD involvement (accuracy 91.7%) and the best cutoff value of 368 U/mL (sensitivity 100% and specificity 87.5%). The decision tree model showed a 33% improvement in class purity using a cut-off value of 513 U/mL to distinguish AAV patients with and without ILD. Stratifying AAV patients as MPA and GPA with and without ILD considering T0 and T1 KL-6, the model obtained an improvement of 40% for classifying GPA non-ILD with a T0 serum KL-6 cut-off value of 513 U/mL and a T1 KL-6 cut-off of 301 U/mL. A direct correlation was found between serum T0 KL-6 and T0 BVAS (r = 0.578, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our multicenter study demonstrated KL-6 as a reliable, non-invasive, and easy-to-perform marker of ILD in AAV patients and its helpfulness for disease activity assessment. Changes in serum concentrations of KL-6 over time could be useful for monitoring AAV patients. Further study of KL-6 as a marker of response to therapy during long-term follow-up would also be worthwhile.
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Rahman, Sabah A. A., and Riyad M. R. Al-Mashat. "Effect of Vitamin A and C on some physiological parameters of rabbits in Iraq." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.3.350.
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Twenty four male rabbits were used in this experiments 6 weeks of age with average of 700-750 g, divided in to four equal groups (6 rabbits each). Animals of second group was equally injected with vitamin A, animals third group injection with 700 mg/kg vitamin C, animals fourth group injection with 3000 IU vitamin A + 700 mg vitamin C and animals of first group was the control groups. Every two week were weight, noticed increased in weight but not significant in the average body weight of the rabbits that injected with vitamin A from the other groups, but when we tacked the blood plasma from the rabbits after six weeks from the beginning of the experiments noticed significant increased p<0.05 in white blood cells number (6.20±0.69), hemoglobin concentration (12.11±0.01), red blood cells (4.43±0.03), platelets (305.6±12.91). however, decrease in packed cell volume (38.51±0.28) in animals groups injected by mixed vitamin A&C. Although, noticed non-significant increased in total protein (6.29±0.13), globulin (2.66±0.26) in animals were injected with vitamin A&C increased in average albumin, and decreased in globulin in animals were injected with vitamin A, however, increase in SAST & SALT enzymes, creatinine (1.37±0.16) and urea (40.34±1.15) in animals groups injected with vitamin A, also increase non significant in cholesterol (98.43±2.82) and total lipid ( 14.96±1.82) in animals were injected with vitamin A and C.
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Jagim, Andrew, Patrick Harty, and Clayton Camic. "Common Ingredient Profiles of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020254.
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Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements are a popular class of dietary supplements which are purported to improve exercise performance. However, the composition of these products varies substantially between formulations, thus making comparisons challenging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify a common ingredient profile of top-selling pre-workout supplements and to compare ingredient dosages to established efficacious values. The top 100 commercially available pre-workout products were analyzed for listed ingredients and amounts, if available, from the supplement facts panel. The mean ± SD number of ingredients per supplement (n = 100) was 18.4 ± 9.7 with 8.1 ± 9.9 of these ingredients included in a proprietary blend at undisclosed quantities. Relative prevalence and average amounts of the top ingredients amounted to: Beta-alanine (87%; 2.0 ± 0.8 g), Caffeine (86%; 254.0 ± 79.5 mg), Citrulline (71%; 4.0 ± 2.5 g), Tyrosine (63%; 348.0 ± 305.7 mg), Taurine (51%; 1.3 ± 0.6 g), and Creatine (49%; 2.1 ± 1.0 g). Nearly half (44.3%) of all ingredients were included as part of a proprietary blend with undisclosed amounts of each ingredient. The average amount of beta-alanine per serving size was below the recommended efficacious dose. The average caffeine content was near the low end for an effective relative dose for a 70 kg individual (3–6 mg·kg−1 of bodyweight).
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Zhu, S., V. Tsehmaister-Abitbul, G. Stotts, R. Fahed, H. Pettem, U. Guy, R. Aviv, et al. "P.113 Time metrics and clinical outcomes of thrombectomy in acute stroke patients before and after implementation of COVID-19 infection protocols in six Canadian stroke centres." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (June 2022): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.206.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led the implementation of institutional infection control protocols. This study will determine the effects of these protocols on outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods: Uninterrupted time series analysis of the impact of COVID-19 safety protocols on AIS patients undergoing EVT. We analyze data from prospectively collected quality improvement databases at 6 centers from March 11, 2019 to March 10, 2021. The primary outcome is 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS). The secondary outcomes are angiographic time metrics. Results: Preliminary analysis of one stroke center included 214 EVT patients (n=150 pre-pandemic). Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two periods. Time metrics “last seen normal to puncture” (305.7 vs 407.2 min; p=0.05) and “hospital arrival to puncture” (80.4 vs 121.2 min; p=0.04) were significantly longer during pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. We found no significant difference in 90-day mRS (2.0 vs 2.2; p=0.506) or successful EVT rate (89.6% vs 90%; p=0.93). Conclusions: Our results indicate an increase in key time metrics of EVT in AIS during pandemic, likely related to infection control measures. Despite the delays, we found no difference in clinical outcomes between the two periods.
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Göçmen, B., Z. Kaya, K. D. Jermstad, and D. B. Neale. "Development of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for genetic mapping in Pacific yew (Taxusbrevifolia)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-056.
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A genetic linkage map was constructed for Pacific yew (Taxusbrevifolia Nutt.) based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A series of optimization experiments were conducted to develop a highly repeatable protocol for Pacific yew. In these experiments, a high MgCl2 concentration (5.5 mM) together with a low primer concentration (0.2 μm) in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture yielded the best amplification products. PCR amplification products were further improved by treating the template DNAs with RNase. Experiments showed that bovine serum albumine had the same effect as RNase on PCR amplification. The segregating mapping population consisted of 39 haploid megagametophytes from a single mother tree. DNA extracted from a subset of 6 megagametophytes was screened with 345 ten-base oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence. Of the screened primers, 28% revealed at least one polymorphic locus. Eighty-six of these primers revealed at least one polymorphic locus and were used with the entire set of megagametophyte DNAs. One-hundred-two loci were scored and segregated in the expected 1:1 ratio (1.19 locus per primer). Linkage analysis was conducted using MAPMAKER. Forty-one of 102 markers were distributed into 17 linkage groups and covered 305.8 centimorgans. The remaining 61 unlinked markers should be assigned to linkage groups as more markers are added to the map.
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Madrakhimov, Shodlik, and Nuraddin Roziboev. "Growth and development of F1 hybrid progenies of Schwitz cows using beef breeds." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101003.
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The live weight of bulls at 9 months of age of groups II, III and IV (crossbreed 1) was 305.6, 304.1 and 307.6 kg, respectively, compared with peers of group I 15.3 kg (5.0%), 13.8 kg (4.5%) and 17.3 kg (5.6%) were higher (P≤0.001). Also, for a 9-month growth period, the average daily gain in group II was 1018.5 g, which amounted to 62.2 g or 6.1% (P≤0.001), 25.9 g or 2.5% (P≤0.01) and 24.4 g or 2.4%. (P≤0.01). According to external parameters, the growth of bulls at 6 months of age is 2.3 cm, (2.3%, Р≤0.05), 1.8 cm (1.8%, (Р≤0.05) and 1.3 cm (1.3%) with a height of 2.7 cm, 1.8 cm and 1.6 cm. Later sizes, on the contrary, were higher in bulls of group IV. For example, the depth of the chest of bulls of groups IV is 4.6 cm, 3.3 cm (Р≤0.001) and 1.1 cm (Р≤0.05) in peers of groups I, II and III, respectively, chest circumference 6.2 cm, 4.8 cm (Р≤0.001) and 0.8 cm (P≤0.05), oblique body length 3.8 cm (P≤0.001), 3.6 cm (P≤0.001) and 0.4 cm, width of the hind leg by 0.6 cm, 0.9 cm and 0.7 cm.
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Tian, Ye, Jinlei Nie, Chuanye Huang, and Keith P. George. "The kinetics of highly sensitive cardiac troponin T release after prolonged treadmill exercise in adolescent and adult athletes." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00247.2012.
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The nature and kinetics of postexercise cardiac troponin (cTn) appearance is poorly described and understood in most athlete populations. We compared the kinetics of high-sensitivity cTn T (hs-cTnT) after endurance running in training-matched adolescents and adults. Thirteen male adolescent (mean age: 14.1 ± 1.1 yr) and 13 male adult (24.0 ± 3.6 yr) runners performed a 90-min constant-load treadmill run at 95% of ventilatory threshold. Serum hs-cTnT levels were assessed preexercise, immediately postexercise, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 h postexercise. Serum NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels were recorded preexercise and 3, 6, and 24 h postexercise. Left ventricular function was assessed preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 6 h postexercise. Peak hs-cTnT occurred at 3–4 h postexercise in all subjects, but was substantially higher ( P < 0.05) in adolescents [median (range): 211.0 (11.2–794.5) ng/l] compared with adults [median (range): 19.1 (9.7–305.6) ng/l]. Peak hs-cTnT was followed by a rapid decrease in both groups, although adolescent data had not returned to baseline at 24 h. Substantial interindividual variability was noted in peak hs-cTnT, especially in the adolescents. NT-pro-BNP was significantly elevated postexercise in both adults and adolescents and remained above baseline at 24 h in both groups. In both groups, left ventricular ejection fraction and the ratio of early-to-atrial peak Doppler flow velocities were significantly decreased immediately postexercise. Peak hs-cTnT was not related to changes in ejection fraction, ratio of early-to-atrial peak Doppler flow velocities, or NT-pro-BNP. The present data suggest that postexercise hs-cTnT elevation 1) occurred in all runners, 2) peaked 3–4 h postexercise, and 3) the peak hs-cTnT concentration after prolonged exercise was higher in adolescents than adults.
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McKinley, Erin, and Kritee Niroula. "Giving Birth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Changes in Confusion, Anxiety, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy From Pregnancy to Six-Weeks Postpartum." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.073.
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Abstract Objectives To assess differences in the level of anxiety, confusion, and changes in the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy from pregnancy to 6-weeks postpartum among a sample of persons who gave birth from 2020–2021. Methods A sample of 180 persons, representing 44 states and 4 US territories, were recruited via social media advertisements to first take a 78-item web-based survey between May and December of 2020. Participants were contacted again at 6 weeks postpartum to complete a follow-up survey assessing the same variables as survey one. The surveys assessed breastfeeding self-efficacy using the valid PREP to BF scale, breastfeeding intention (and subsequent actual feeding method), anxiety surrounding having a newborn during COVID-19, and confusion with WHO and CDC COVID-19 breastfeeding recommendations. Results The sample, mean age 30.2 years, maintained a relatively high PREP to BF score at 6-weeks postpartum (pre = 309.27 ± 56.74; post = 305.57 ± 63.40). Over 95% intended to include breastmilk in some way and at 6-weeks postpartum, 95.2% were either exclusively breastfeeding or combination feeding. The sample experienced a significant decrease in confusion (p ≤ .001) with safe breastfeeding information and a significant decrease in anxiety with managing a newborn baby whilst the pandemic still occurring at high rates in the US (p ≤ .001). Conclusions This sample was able to maintain their planned infant feeding decisions while maintaining a high breastfeeding self-efficacy score despite the COVID-19 pandemic continuing in the US. The increasing availability of the COVID-19 vaccine may have helped to ease anxiety among new mothers. Prenatal healthcare teams should continue to work with pregnant persons to ensure they are informed of the most up-to-date information on COVID-19 to have a safe pregnancy and birth experience. Funding Sources This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch project LAB94426.
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Tow, Adela M., Khai-Lee Toh, Siew-Pang Chan, and David Consigliere. "Botulinum Toxin Type A for Refractory Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity in Spinal Cord Injured Patients in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 36, no. 1 (January 15, 2007): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v36n1p11.
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Introduction: Managing neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) successfully in spinal cord-injured patients is a challenge. The aims of preserving kidney function by achieving safe bladder pressures with anticholinergic medication often leave a significant proportion of patients with side effects. Botulinum toxin type A has been shown to be a promising alternative. Materials and Methods: Spinal cord injury patients who had NDO, on clean intermittent self-catheterisation, and were refractory to oral medications, were recruited. Three hundred units of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) in 30 mL NaCl solution were injected under cystoscopic guidance into the bladder. Results: Fifteen patients were recruited of whom 9 were tetraplegic and 6 were paraplegic. Eleven (73.3%) had complete injuries. There was a significant reduction in the mean number of leakages from 3.75 ± 1.79 pre-injection to 0.67 ± 1.31 and 1.5 ± 1.5 at 6 and 26 weeks post-injection, respectively (P <0.05). Seventy-five per cent, 37.5% and 50% were completely dry at 6, 26 and 39 weeks post-injection, respectively. The mean maximal catheterisable volume increased from 312.3 ± 145.6 mL pre-injection to 484.6 ± 190 mL, 422.3 ± 157.3 mL and 490.0 ± 230.4 mL at 6, 26 and 39 weeks post-injection, respectively (P <0.005). Maximum detrusor pressure decreased significantly from 66.3 ± 22.6 cmH2O to 21.2 ± 23.1 cmH2O and 33.6 ± 30.2 cmH2O at 6 and 26 weeks post-injection, respectively (P <0.05). The volume at which reflex detrusor contractions first occurred increased from 127.8 ± 57.5 mL pre-injury to 305.7 ± 130.8 mL at 6 weeks and 288.3 ± 13.0 mL at 26 weeks post-injection (P <0.05). Mean cysometric bladder capacity increased from 187.8 ± 69.2 mL to 305 ± 136.4 mL and 288.3 ± 13.0 mL at 6 and 26 weeks post- injury, respectively (P <0.05). Sixty per cent of patients were completely off medications at 6 and 26 weeks post-injection. One patient had urinary tract infection and 1 experienced autonomic dysreflexia during cystoscopy. Satisfaction levels increased from 4.3 ± 2.3 pre-injury to 7.2 ± 1.9 and 7.3 ± 2.3 at 6 weeks and 26 weeks, respectively. This also correlated with fewer leakages. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin type A injected into the detrusor is safe and efficacious for spinal cord injured patients with refractory detrusor overactivity. This effect is maintained at 26 weeks post-injection. Key words: Anticholinergics, Spinal cord injury, Urodynamics, Voiding
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Liao, Si-Mi, Satomi Kasuga, and Katsumi Togashi. "Suppressive effects of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus on pine wilt disease development and mortality of B. xylophilus-inoculated pine seedlings." Nematology 16, no. 2 (2014): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002760.
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Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease in Pinus trees whereas B. mucronatus has no or little virulence to the trees. Interspecific crossing experiments conducted so far suggest reproductive interference between the two nematode species. Theory predicts that one of the two competing species populations quickly displaces the other through reproductive interference in a frequency-dependent manner. Thus, it is anticipated that B. mucronatus suppresses the virulence of B. xylophilus against pine trees when B. mucronatus heavily outnumber B. xylophilus. To determine the suppressive effects of B. mucronatus, the two nematode species were inoculated simultaneously on 30 3-year-old Pinus thunbergii seedlings at three combinations of different numbers, and B. xylophilus alone was inoculated on 30 other seedlings at the corresponding numbers in early August. Seedlings were observed at intervals of 4 or 6 weeks and two stem sections were sampled from each seedling to determine the density and species composition of nematode populations after death or in December. Inoculation of B. mucronatus significantly retarded the speed of foliage discolouration from 0.170 ± 0.024 week−1 to 0.061 ± 0.017 week−1 and significantly prolonged the survival time of seedlings. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus significantly reduced the nematode density from 1799.7 ± 305.0 to 521.0 ± 148.4 (g dried seedling stem)−1. Analysis of rDNA genotype showed 1846 B xylophilus, no B. mucronatus and one hybrid.
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Hanafi, Z., D. R. Corfield, S. E. Webber, and J. G. Widdicombe. "Tracheal blood flow and luminal clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1273.
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Tracheal blood flow and 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance were measured in the sheep trachea in vivo. The tracheal arteries were isolated and perfused. An isolated segment of tracheal lumen was filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 99mTc-DTPA, and radioactivity was measured in blood from a catheterized tracheal vein. Infusions at constant pressure of methacholine (n = 5), albuterol (n = 6), and histamine (n = 5) increased arterial inflow [+250 +/- 73.0, +74.2 +/- 22.9, +68.9 +/- 39.2% (SE), respectively] and venous outflow (+49.5 +/- 13.8, +11.6 +/- 4.5, +6.2 +/- 13.9%) but decreased 99mTc-DTPA output (-36.8 +/- 8.4, -20.4 +/- 6.2, -58.1 +/- 11.7%) and concentration (-53.9 +/- 10.1, -27.3 +/- 7.5, -49.3 +/- 14.4%). Phenylephrine (n = 9) decreased arterial inflow (-49.4 +/- 10.0%) and venous outflow (-4.1 +/- 5.9%) but increased 99mTc-DTPA output (+74.6 +/- 44.2%) and concentration (+94.4 +/- 56.6%). When the tracheal arteries were initially perfused at constant flow and the flow rate was then changed, 50% increases in flow (n = 5) increased perfusion pressure (+35.9 +/- 2.2%) and venous outflow (+10.5 +/- 3.8%) but decreased 99mTc-DTPA output (-24.4 +/- 7.8%) and concentration (-30.4 +/- 8.8%). Decreases in flow of 50% (n = 3) and 100% (n = 10) decreased perfusion pressure (-34.2 +/- 4.2, -80.1 +/- 3.5%, respectively) and venous outflow (-11.0 +/- 4.8, -29.7 +/- 7.2%) but increased 99mTc-DTPA output (+45.9 +/- 27.5, +167.4 +/- 70.4%) and concentration (+64.7 +/- 26.7, +305.7 +/- 110.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Luo, Dan, Xinhao Liu, Jie Zhang, Lei Du, Lin Bai, and Shuhua Luo. "Premobilization of CD133+ progenitors is associated with attenuated inflammation-induced pulmonary dysfunction following extracorporeal circulation in mice." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 31, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa074.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES Progenitor cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been shown to lessen acute kidney injury induced by extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Both acute kidney injury and lung injury are characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Our goal was to examine whether and how G-CSF-mobilized progenitors with endothelial capacity may help mitigate ECC-induced pulmonary dysfunction. METHODS G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice before or at the initiation of the ECC process, after which lung injury was assessed by measuring neutrophils in the fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage and determining the pathological score in lung tissue. CD133+ progenitors were isolated and injected into C57BL/6 mice before ECC in vivo. We incubated the CD133+ cells with pulmonary monocytes or neutrophils isolated from naïve mice in vitro. RESULTS Pretreatment with G-CSF for 2 days significantly decreased the number of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the pathological score (P < 0.01; n = 5) improved the PaO2/FiO2 ratio [193.4 ± 12.7 (ECC without G-CSF) vs 305.6 ± 22.6 mmHg (ECC with G-CSF); P = 0.03, n = 5] and suppressed neutrophil elastase and tumour necrosis factor-α levels in the circulation; we also observed increases in both circulating and pulmonary populations of CD133+ progenitors. Similar effects were observed in animals pretreated with CD133+ progenitors instead of G-CSF before ECC. The majority of CD133+/CD45− and CD133+/CD45+ progenitors were mobilized in the lung and in the circulation, respectively. Incubating CD133+ progenitors with neutrophils or pulmonary monocytes blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced release of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pretreatment of G-CSF attenuates ECC-induced pulmonary dysfunction through inhibiting the inflammatory response in lung tissue and in the circulation with associated premobilization of CD133+ progenitors.
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Lee, Seounghun, Jung-Mo Hwang, Sangmin Lee, Hongsik Eom, Chahyun Oh, Woosuk Chung, Young-Kwon Ko, Wonhyung Lee, Boohwi Hong, and Deuk-Soo Hwang. "Implementation of the Obturator Nerve Block into a Supra-Inguinal Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Based Analgesia Protocol for Hip Arthroscopy: Retrospective Pre-Post Study." Medicina 56, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040150.
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Background and Objectives: The effect of supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SI-FICB) in hip arthroscopy is not apparent. It is also controversial whether SI-FICB can block the obturator nerve, which may affect postoperative analgesia after hip arthroscopy. We compared analgesic effects before and after the implementation of obturator nerve block into SI-FICB for hip arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 90 consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy from January 2017 to August 2019. Since August 2018, the analgesic protocol was changed from SI-FICB to SI-FICB with obturator nerve block. According to the analgesic regimen, patients were categorized as group N (no blockade), group F (SI-FICB only), and group FO (SI-FICB with obturator nerve block). Primary outcome was the cumulative opioid consumption at 24 hours after surgery. Additionally, cumulative opioid consumption at 6 and 12 hours after surgery, pain score, additional analgesic requests, intraoperative opioid consumption and hemodynamic stability, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: Among 87 patients, there were 47 patients in group N, 21 in group F, and 19 in group FO. The cumulative opioid (fentanyl) consumption at 24 hours after surgery was significantly lower in the group FO compared with the group N (N: 678.5 (444.0–890.0) µg; FO: 482.8 (305.8–635.0) µg; p = 0.014), whereas the group F did not show a significant difference (F: 636.0 (426.8–803.0) µg). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that implementing obturator nerve block into SI-FICB can reduce postoperative opioid consumption in hip arthroscopy.
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Koželj, Mirta, Marta Cvijić, Pavel Berden, and Tomaž Podnar. "A 6-year follow-up study of adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 7 (December 19, 2014): 1332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114002479.
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AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the development of heart failure in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in a medium-term follow-up, to identify the impact of tricuspid regurgitation on the development of heart failure, and to determine the most reliable marker for its identification. The prospective 6-year follow-up study included 19 adult patients. All patients were evaluated clinically by the determination of N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, exercise stress testing, echocardiography magnetic resonance, or CT. Among them, two patients died of heart failure. There was a decline in exercise capacity and systolic systemic ventricular function (p=0.011). Systemic ventricular ejection fraction decreased (48.3±13.7 versus 42.7±12.7%, p=0.001). Tissue Doppler imaging showed a decline in peak tricuspid systolic annular velocity (10.3±2.0 versus 8.3±2.5 cm/second, p=0.032) and peak tricuspid early diastolic annular velocity (14.6±4.3 versus 12.0±4.5 cm/second, p=0.048). The tricuspid regurgitation did not increase significantly. N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels increased (127.0 ng/L(82.3–305.8) versus 226.0 ng/L(112.5–753.0), p=0.022). Progressive exercise intolerance in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries appears to be driven mainly by a progression in systemic right ventricular dysfunction. Tricuspid regurgitation is likely to play a role, especially in patients with structural abnormalities of the tricuspid valve – Ebstein anomaly. The N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels and tissue Doppler parameters appear sensitive in detecting changes over time and may guide management.
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K.O. Yusuf, A.E. Imaji, O.M. Abioye, H.O. Sanusi, and T. Abadunmi. "Performance of broiler chickens fed wheat offal and maize based diets." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 19, no. 2 (February 13, 2024): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.7.
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Food crisis in the developing countries especially Nigeria is affecting both man and domesticated animals. The use of grain such as maize in feed production for poultry is creating more shortage of maize for man with the growing population and high demand in the country. There is a need for alternative products for producing poultry feeds from agricultural waste to reduce the competition. This study was conducted to determine the growth response of broiler chickens to feeds produced from wheat offal (agricultural waste product from wheat) and maize. A total of 50 broiler chickens (day-old) were used with 25 birds (5 birds in each replicate) fed with feed made from wheat offal and 25 birds fed with feed made from maize and monitored for 12 weeks. The body weight of the broilers was recorded weekly for 12 weeks, and the feed conversion ratio was also determined. The mean weights of the broilers fed with wheat offal for day-old, weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were 76.6, 115.6, 144.0, 186.0, 305.6, 462.6, 562.0, 693.6, 758.8, 814.4, 866.4, 956.8 and 1,032.8 g/broiler while the corresponding weights for broilers fed with maize feed were 99.6, 129.6, 151.2, 188.8, 234.8, 300.0, 386.8, 466.8, 550.8, 646.8, 732.4, 804.0 and 882.8 g/broiler, respectively. Wheat offal feed increased the body weight of the broilers by 16.99% at 12-week compared to broilers fed with maize feed. Broiler feed should be produced from wheat offal to reduce the competition and make more availability of maize for human consumption.
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Conticini, E., M. D’alessandro, L. Bergantini, D. Castillo, P. Falsetti, P. Cameli, E. Bargagli, L. Cantarini, and B. Frediani. "POS0823 KL-6 IN ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ILD: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 702.2–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.480.
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BackgroundANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are small vessel vasculitis which may variously affect upper and lower respiratory tract. Patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and, less commonly, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), especially those who are ANCA-MPO-positive, may suffer from interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality as it is often underdiagnosed and responds poorly to conventional treatmentsObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to assess whether Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a marker of fibrotic ILD, may be useful for distinguishing AAV patients with ILD from those without ILD, and whether its changes over time are correlated with disease activity.MethodsWe enrolled all consecutive patients evaluated in the period December 2020 - November 2021. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of GPA or MPA, active disease, and eligibility for Rituximab treatment according to EULAR recommendations. All patients underwent concomitant rheumatological and pneumological evaluation, lung function tests, routine blood tests, autoimmunity evaluation and KL-6 assay. Current and previous treatments, Birmingham vasculitis score (BVAS) and vasculitis damage index were also recorded.ResultsA total of 13 patients (Table 1) were enrolled. One was excluded due to a concomitant diagnosis of lung cancer. Higher serum KL-6 were in AAV-ILD compared with those without ILD (972.8±398.5 vs 305.4±93.9, p=0.0040). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve showed 100% of the diagnostic performance of KL-6 for identifying the ILD involvement (accuracy 91.7%) and the best cutoff value of 368 U/mL (Sensitivity 100% and specificity 87.5%). The decision-tree model showed a 33% improvement in class purity using a cut-off value of 513 U/mL to distinguish AAV patients with and without ILD (Figure 1). Stratifying AAV patients as MPA and GPA with and without ILD considering T0 and T1 KL-6, the model obtained an improvement of 40% for classifying GPA non-ILD with a T0 serum KL-6 cut-off value of 513 U/mL and a T1 KL-6 cut-off of 301 U/mL. A direct correlation was found between serum T0 KL-6 and T0 BVAS (r=0.578, p=0.044).Table 1.Patients’ featuresSex/ageDiagnosisLength of disease * (months)Organs involvedType of lung involvementT0 KL6 levelsT0 BVAST0 VDIT1 KL6 levelsT1 BVAST1 VDIF/83MPA28Lung, kidney, PNSILD, alveolar hemorrhage6258732507M/48GPA1Lung, kidney, nose, eyeNodules35218027920F/55GPA252Lung, skinNodules40115360233F/38MPA1Skin-34760---F/74MPA180Kidney, PNS-36811541405M/77MPA8Lung, kidney, PNS, skinILD, alveolar hemorrhage982241---F/49GPA60Nose, eye-1226211602M/60MPA40Skin, PNS-20591---F/39GPA4Nose-31063---M/71GPA24Lung, eye, jointsNodules, ILD152893---F/64MPA24LungILD7564-10030-F/59GPA72LungNodules3384--0-Figure 1.ROC curve and decision tree modelConclusionOur multicentre study demonstrated KL-6 as a reliable, non-invasive and easy-to-perform marker of ILD in AAV patients and its helpfulness for disease activity assessment. Changes in serum concentrations of KL-6 over time could be useful for monitoring AAV patients. Further study of KL-6 as a marker of response to therapy during long-term follow-up would also be worthwhile.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Just, Isabell Anna, Felix Schoenrath, Philipp Passinger, Julia Stein, Dagmar Kemper, Christoph Knosalla, Volkmar Falk, and Jan Knierim. "Validity of the 6-Minute Walk Test in Patients with End-Stage Lung Diseases Wearing an Oronasal Surgical Mask in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Respiration 100, no. 7 (2021): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515606.
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<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> The 6-minute walk test (6MWT), as a clinical assessment tool for functional exercise capacity, is an integral component of lung allocation scores (LASs). In times of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, patients underwent 6MWTs wearing a surgical mask in ambulatory care. We investigated the impact of wearing a mask on 6-minute walk distances (6MWDs). <b><i>Method:</i></b> 6MWDs of 64 patients with end-stage lung diseases wearing an oronasal surgical mask were retrospectively compared to previously investigated 6MWDs of the same cohort, in a pre-COVID-19 pandemic era, without wearing a mask. Four patients were excluded due to a primary vascular disease, 29 patients due to clinically unstable pulmonary functions, and 1 patient due to a psychiatric disorder. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median age of the patients included was 55 (46–58) years; 15 (48%) were male. Ten (32.2%) were on the Eurotransplant lung transplant waiting list with a median LAS of 34.3 (31.9–36.2). Twenty (64.5%) patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 7 (22.6%) had interstitial lung diseases, and 4 (12.9%) had other end-stage lung diseases. The mean 6MWD without versus with wearing a mask was 306.9 (101.9) versus 305.7 (103.8) m, with a mean difference of −1.19 m (95% confidence interval −13.4 to 11.03). The observed difference is statistically equivalent to zero (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences in 6MWDs were observed between the clinical groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Wearing an oronasal surgical mask did not affect the 6MWDs of patients with advanced lung diseases. Therefore, a masked 6MWT appears to provide a reliable examination of functional exercise capacity in this cohort.
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Заліська, О. М., Ю. В. Качерай, З. О. Заболотня, and О. М. Семенов. "Analysis of extemporal production trends in pharmacies for children." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.21.02.
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Medicines for children are insufficiently represented in pediatric dosages and appropriate dosage forms in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Pediatricians are forced to prescribe children's medicines in dosages that are not available in the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine. Extemporaneously compounded medicines (ECM) are useful when a required dose or dose form is unavailable commercially, or is needed for individualised dosing.
The aim of the study was to analysis a real data of the list of medicines which are produced in hospital and public pharmacies of Lviv region during 2020–2021.
Methods. Content analysis of extemporal prescriptions for children, depending on the composition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, dose and dosage form, comparative cost analysis of ECM and industrial medicines.
In the hospital doctors prescribe ECМ in liquid forms (75%) – solutions for injection and in solid forms (25%) – dosed simple powders – 19%, dosed complex powders – 6%. It was determined the structure of ECM, which are produced in 6 studied pharmacies in 2020–2021. There are soft ECM 61.6% in dosage forms: ointments, creams, paste; liquid ECM are 28.3% in mixtures, solutions, mumbles; solid ECM are 8.3% in mono, combine powders, suppositories and 1.8% – other ECM: powders and nail polishs. There were highlighted unique recipes of ECM which analogues were not present in industrial dosage forms.
We conducted analysis of the cost of children’s ECM in these pharmacies. It was determined that ECM cost were 40.5–305.6 UAH depending on the dosage form. The comparative analysis showed that ECM are in 2.2–4.9 times more cheaper for children compare with similar active ingredients in industrial medicines.
ECMs are much more compliant for treatment in children and babies, they provide higher effect, safety, reduce dosing errors, especially at the inpatient stage, and continuation of therapy on an outpatient basis and more cost-effective for individual needs. The use of ECMs allows parents to properly dose them for children, to avoid errors in dosing, improper administration, which is extremely important to ensure the rational use of medicines in pediatric practice.
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Satou, Ryousuke, Martha Franco, Courtney M. Dugas, Akemi Katsurada, and L. Gabriel Navar. "Immunosuppression by Mycophenolate Mofetil Mitigates Intrarenal Angiotensinogen Augmentation in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 7680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147680.
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Augmentation of intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) leads to further formation of intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) and the development of hypertensive kidney injury. Recent studies demonstrated that macrophages and the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines can be crucial mediators of renal AGT augmentation in hypertension. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of immunosuppression by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on intrarenal AGT augmentation. Ang II (80 ng/min) was infused with or without daily administration of MMF (50 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Ang II infused rats was slightly higher (169.7 ± 6.1 mmHg) than the Ang II + MMF group (154.7 ± 2.0 mmHg), but was not statistically different from the Ang II + MMF group. MMF treatment suppressed Ang II-induced renal macrophages and IL-6 elevation. Augmentation of urinary AGT by Ang II infusion was attenuated by MMF treatment (control: 89.3 ± 25.2, Ang II: 1194 ± 305.1, and Ang II + MMF: 389 ± 192.0 ng/day). The augmentation of urinary AGT by Ang II infusion was observed before the onset of proteinuria. Elevated intrarenal AGT mRNA and protein levels in Ang II infused rats were also normalized by the MMF treatment (AGT mRNA, Ang II: 2.5 ± 0.2 and Ang II + MMF: 1.5 ± 0.1, ratio to control). Ang II-induced proteinuria, mesangial expansion and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis were attenuated by MMF. Furthermore, MMF treatment attenuated the augmentation of intrarenal NLRP3 mRNA, a component of inflammasome. These results indicate that stimulated cytokine production in macrophages contributes to intrarenal AGT augmentation in Ang II-dependent hypertension, which leads to the development of kidney injury.
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Gallaway, Michael Shayne, Bin Huang, Quan Chen, Tom Tucker, Jaclyn McDowell, Eric Durbin, David Siegel, and Eric Tai. "Identifying Smoking Status and Smoking Cessation Using a Data Linkage Between the Kentucky Cancer Registry and Health Claims Data." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.19.00011.
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PURPOSE Linkage of cancer registry data with complementary data sources can be an informative way to expand what is known about patients and their treatment and improve delivery of care. The purpose of this study was to explore whether patient smoking status and smoking-cessation modalities data in the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) could be augmented by linkage with health claims data. METHODS The KCR conducted a data linkage with health claims data from Medicare, Medicaid, state employee insurance, Humana, and Anthem. Smoking status was defined as documentation of personal history of tobacco use (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] code V15.82) or tobacco use disorder (ICD-9 305.1) before and after a cancer diagnosis. Use of smoking-cessation treatments before and after the cancer diagnosis was defined as documentation of smoking-cessation counseling (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes 99406, 99407, G0375, and G0376) or pharmacotherapy (eg, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline). RESULTS From 2007 to 2011, among 23,703 patients in the KCR, we discerned a valid prediagnosis smoking status for 78%. KCR data only (72%), claims data only (6%), and a combination of both data sources (22%) were used to determine valid smoking status. Approximately 4% of patients with cancer identified as smokers (n = 11,968) and were provided smoking-cessation counseling, and 3% were prescribed pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. CONCLUSION Augmenting KCR data with medical claims data increased capture of smoking status and use of smoking-cessation modalities. Cancer registries interested in exploring smoking status to influence treatment and research activities could consider a similar approach, particularly if their registry does not capture smoking status for a majority of patients.
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Majzlan, Juraj, Stefan Kiefer, Kristina Lilova, Tamilarasan Subramani, Alexandra Navrotsky, Edgar Dachs, and Artur Benisek. "Chapmanite [Fe<sub>2</sub>Sb(Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>(OH)]: thermodynamic properties and formation in low-temperature environments." European Journal of Mineralogy 33, no. 4 (July 2, 2021): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-357-2021.
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Abstract. In this work, we have determined or evaluated thermodynamic properties of synthetic Sb2O5, MgSb2O6 (analogue of the mineral byströmite), Mg[Sb(OH)6]2⋅6H2O (brandholzite), and natural chapmanite [(Fe1.88Al0.12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]. Enthalpies of reactions, including formation enthalpies, were evaluated using reference compounds Sb, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, and other phases, with high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in lead borate and sodium molybdate solvents. Heat capacity and entropy were determined by relaxation and differential scanning calorimetry. The best set of ΔfHo (kJ mol−1) and So (J mol−1 K−1) is byströmite -1733.0±3.6, 139.3±1.0; brandholzite -5243.1±3.6, 571.0±4.0; and chapmanite -3164.9±4.7, 305.1±2.1. The data for chapmanite give ΔfGo of -2973.6±4.7 kJ mol−1 and logK=-17.10 for the dissolution reaction (Fe1.88Al0.12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH) + 6H+→ 1.88Fe3+ + 0.12Al3+ + 2SiO20 + Sb(OH)30 + 2H2O. Analysis of the data showed that chapmanite is finely balanced in terms of its stability with schafarzikite (FeSb2O4) and tripuhyite (FeSbO4) under a specific, narrow range of conditions when both aqueous Fe(III) and Sb(III) are abundant. In such a model, chapmanite is metastable by a narrow margin but could be stabilized by high SiO20(aq) activities. Natural assemblages of chapmanite commonly contain abundant amorphous silica, suggesting that this mechanism may be indeed responsible for the formation of chapmanite. Chapmanite probably forms during low-temperature hydrothermal overprint of pre-existing Sb ores under moderately reducing conditions; the slightly elevated temperatures may help to overcome the kinetic barrier for its crystallization. During weathering, sheet silicates may adsorb Sb3+ in tridentate hexanuclear fashion, thus exposing their chapmanite-like surfaces to the surrounding aqueous environment. Formation of chapmanite, as many other sheet silicates, under ambient conditions, is unlikely.
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Valentim, Ana M., Pierpaolo Di Giminiani, Patrícia O. Ribeiro, Paula Rodrigues, I. Anna S. Olsson, and Luís M. Antunes. "Lower Isoflurane Concentration Affects Spatial Learning and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mice Compared with Higher Concentrations." Anesthesiology 113, no. 5 (November 1, 2010): 1099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181f79c7c.
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Background Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane are widely used in clinical and research contexts. Concerns have been raised that the effects of these drugs on the central nervous system may result in long-term impairment after surgery or general anesthesia. Hence, this study aimed to detect how different isoflurane concentrations influence spatial learning and cell death in adult mice. Methods Fifty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided in four groups. Mice in three groups were exposed to different concentrations of isoflurane (1, 1.5, and 2%) for 1 h; the control group was not exposed to anesthesia. Five mice per group were killed 3 h after anesthesia to perform histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses (hematoxylin-eosin staining; caspase-3 activation). Eight mice per group were used for behavioral tests (open field, T-maze spontaneous alternation, and water maze) on subsequent days. Results There were no differences between groups in the T-maze spontaneous alternation test or in the open field (no confounding effects of stress or locomotion). The group anesthetized with 1% isoflurane performed worse in the water maze task on day 1 (550.4 ±162.78 cm) compared with the control group (400.1 ± 112.88 cm), 1.5% isoflurane (351.9 ± 150.67 cm), and 2% isoflurane (364.5 ± 113.70 cm; P ≤ 0.05) and on day 3 (305.0 ± 81.75 cm) compared with control group (175.13 ± 77.00 cm) and 2% isoflurane (204.11 ± 85.75 cm; P ≤ 0.038). In the pyramidal cell layer of the region cornu ammonis 1 of the hippocampus, 1% isoflurane showed a tendency to cause more neurodegeneration (apoptosis) (61.4 ± 26.40, profiles/mm) than the group with 2% of isoflurane (20.6 ± 17.77, profiles/mm; P = 0.051). Conclusion Low isoflurane concentration (1%) caused spatial learning impairment and more neurodegeneration compared with higher isoflurane concentrations. Results for mice receiving the latter concentrations were similar to those of control mice.
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Radtchenko, Janna, and Bruce A. Feinberg. "Smoking cessation counseling in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e20551-e20551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20551.
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e20551 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, with smoking the major risk factor1. Advances in treatment (tx) are lengthening survivorship increasing the importance in smoking cessation among diagnosed pts. Barriers to counseling include: time, skill, patient motivation, prognosis and short survival2. This study analyzed smoking status and cessation counseling in better prognosis aNSCLC patients (pts) defined as those who completed at least two lines of systemic therapy (2L). Methods: Using Inovalon’s MORE2 Registry®claims data for July 2013–2014, pts with aNSCLC identified by ICD-9 codes and treated with chemotherapy (chemo) or targeted therapy (TT; erlotinib, ceritinib, afatinib, or crizotinib) were selected. Pts >18 years of age and treated with 1L therapy within 6 months of diagnosis and who completed 2L were eligible. Pts with small cell lung cancer or secondary malignancies, or pts enrolled in a trial, were ineligible. Smoking history was assessed based on ICD-9 codes (305.1, 649.0, 989.84, V15.82), cessation drug use (bupropion, varenicline, nicotine gum or patches), counseling procedure codes (99406, 99407, G0436, S9453). Results: Of 5,319 pts, 2,198 completed 2L; of those 241 (11%) received 1L TT and 1,957 (89%) 1L chemo. 1L TT had a higher proportion of females (66% vs. 52%, p<0.0001) and a lower smoking rate (33% vs. 58%, p<0.0001) compared to chemo. Cessation rates (counseling or drug) were 9% for 1L TT and 13% for 1L chemo. Conclusions: RWE assessment of smoking incidence and cessation counseling is feasible. Despite methodological limitations one third pts on 1L TT had smoking documentation. Evidence of smoking cessation was present in 12% of pts irrespective of 1L tx choice. Our findings warrant increased focus on smoking cessation in aNSCLC. [Table: see text]
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Thompson, C. J., S. N. Davis, P. C. Butler, J. A. Charlton, and P. H. Baylis. "Osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin secretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Clinical Science 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740599.
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1. Osmotically stimulated thirst and vasopressin release were studied during infusions of hypertonic sodium chloride and hypertonic d-glucose in euglycaemic clamped diabetic patients and healthy controls. 2. Infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride caused similar elevations of plasma osmolality in diabetic patients (288.0 ± 1.0 to 304.1 ± 1.6 mosmol/kg, mean ± sem, P < 0.001) and controls (288.6 ± 0.9 to 305.7 ± 0.6 mosmol/kg, P < 0.001), accompanied by progressive increases in plasma vasopressin (diabetic patients, 0.9 ± 0.3 to 7.7 ± 1.5 pmol/l, P < 0.001; controls 0.5 ± 0.1 to 6.5 ± 1.0 pmol/l, P < 0.001) and thirst ratings (diabetic patients 1.0 ± 0.2 to 7.1 ± 0.5 cm, P < 0.001; controls 1.8 ± 0.4 to 8.0 ± 0.5 cm, P < 0.001) in both groups. 3. Drinking rapidly abolished thirst and vasopressin secretion before major changes in plasma osmolality occurred in both diabetic patients and healthy controls. 4. There were close and significant correlations between plasma vasopressin and plasma osmolality (diabetic patients, r = + 0.89, controls r = + 0.93) and between thirst and plasma osmolality (diabetic patients r = +0.95, controls r = +0.97) in both diabetic patients and healthy controls during hypertonic saline infusion. 5. Hypertonic d-glucose infusion caused similar elevations in blood glucose in diabetic patients (4.0 ± 0.2 to 20.1 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P < 0.001) and healthy controls (4.3 ± 0.1 to 19.3 ± 1.2 mmol/l, P < 0.001) but did not change plasma vasopressin or thirst ratings. There was no correlation between plasma osmolality and either thirst or plasma vasopressin during hypertonic d-glucose infusion. 6. The characteristics of osmoregulated thirst and vasopressin release are similar in health and diabetes mellitus. As hyperglycaemia was not dipsogenic, however, the thirst of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus may be due to hypovolaemia secondary to polyuria rather than hyperosmolality due to elevated blood glucose concentrations.
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Lamback, Elisa Baranski, Carlos Henrique de Azeredo Lima, Renan Lyra Miranda, Alexandro Guterres, Felipe Andreiuolo, Luiz Eduardo Armondi Wildemberg, and Monica Roberto Gadelha. "USP8 Somatic Mutations in Cushing’s Disease and Silent Corticotropinomas." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1328.
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Abstract Background: Somatic mutations in the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) gene have been described in Cushing’s disease (CD). These mutations increase proopiomelanocortin transcription resulting in ACTH production and seem to correlate with somatostatin receptor type 5 (SST5) expression. Aims: Screen USP8 in patients with corticotropinomas and correlate USP8 mutational status with SST5 expression in CD. Methods: Tumor DNA was extracted and then exon 14 amplified by PCR. SST5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (clone UMB4) and quantified multiplying the percentage of positive cells (0,0%; <10%,1;10-50%, 2; 51-80%, 3; >80%, 4) and intensity (mild, 1; moderate, 2; intense, 3), giving a score (IRS) from 0-12 with ≥ 6 considered high. Results: Among 59 patients, 38 had CD and 21 silent corticotropinomas. In CD, 13 (34.2%) patients had pathogenic mutations (6 had p.Ser719del; 5 had p.Pro720Arg and 2 had p.Pro720Gln). In the mutated CD group, all were women and had median age of 34.5 years (20-46). Median ACTH was 64.7pg/mL [(34.8-330.0), normal <46], urinary free cortisol (UFC) 435.0μg/24h [(87.0-1386.0), normal <100], cortisol after overnight 1mg dexamethasone suppression test (ODST) 17.4μg/dL [(5.0-48.7), normal <1.8], salivary cortisol (SC) 8.1μg/dL [(1.0-15.5), normal <0.35]. Median largest tumor size was 0.9 cm (0-1.9), ki-67 1.7 (0.2-10.0) and IRS 12 (1-12). In wild-type CD group, 19 (76.0%) were women and had median age was 35.0 years old (14-62). Median ACTH was 59.7 (39.0-137.0), UFC 305.8 (77.0-1302.0), cortisol after ODST 23.6 (10.0-33.3), SC 0.67 (0.27-1.28). Median largest tumor diameter 0.7cm (0-3.3), ki-67 1.8 (0.2-10) and IRS 4 (0-12). SC was higher in mutated group compared to wild-type (p=0.001) as well as IRS (p=0.009). In silent corticotropinomas, 2 (9.5%) had pathogenic mutations (1 p.Ser718Pro and 1 p.Pro720Arg): male, 36 years old, 3.2 cm tumor, Ki-67 4%, IRS 6; and female, 52 years old, 3.4 cm tumor, Ki-67 2.5%, IRS 12, respectively. One tumor had a variant not reported as pathogenic (p.Thr739Ala): male, 46 years old, 3.7 cm tumor, Ki-67 0.5%, IRS 0. USP8-wild-type silent corticotropinomas had IRS 0-2. Conclusion: One third of CD patients presented with somatic USP8 mutation. Similar to another study, about 10% of silent corticotropinomas also presented somatic USP8 mutation. Expression of SST5 was high in USP8-mutated CD and higher than wild-type group.
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Sheyko, I. P., E. A. Yanovich, N. V. Pristupa, T. N. Timoshenko, R. I. Sheyko, I. V. Anihovskaya, and K. A. Kаpshevich. "Productivity of pigs and the genealogical structure of the breeding herds of Belarusian meat breed." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 64, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-2-245-256.
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The genealogical breed structure is represented by 5 main factory lines: Zubr, Zenit, Zaslon, Zont, Zefir. The genealogical structure of the Belarusian meat breed is formed using the generally accepted selection methods, including the assessment by pedigree, strict selection, targeted selection, the assessment of replacement young by productivity on elevers, the assessment of boars and queens by the offspring quality using the control feeding method. The targeted breeding work with herds of Belarusian meat breed pigs during a long period of time according to the long-term target program allows us to obtain large boars and queens that are characterized by the meat-type body. When assessing boar-producers of the Belarusian meat breed aged 36 months and older in all farms the values of the body live weight and length were on the average 305.3 kg and 179 cm respectively. As a result of studying the reproductive qualities of animals, it is established that, on the average, in the queens selected into the leading group in all farms, the indicators of prolificacy, the weight of one young pig at birth, the number of young pigs aged 21 days and milking ability were 11.74 animals and 1.11 kg, 10.06 animals and 54.34 respectively. The highest growth rate from birth to a live weight of 100 kg was seen in the Zefir line animals – 550 g. The indicator of the growth in reaching a live weight of 100 kg was 181 days. The superiority over the mean indicators of animals of all lines according to these traits was 10.7 days, or 5.6 % and 31 g, or 6.0 % respectively. The Zalon and Zenit line offsprings were inferior to the boars of the rest lines in terms of the growth in reaching a live weight of 100 kg by 2.8–19 days. Their indicators of the daily average growth from birth to a live weight of 100 kg also appeared to be, on the average, lower by 6–49 g. The differences in the Zaslon line boars were confident (р ≤ 0.05).
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Takamata, A., K. Nagashima, H. Nose, and T. Morimoto. "Osmoregulatory inhibition of thermally induced cutaneous vasodilation in passively heated humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): R197—R204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.1.r197.
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We examined the effect of increased plasma osmolality (P(osm)) on cutaneous vasodilatory response to increased esophageal temperature (T(es)) in passively heated human subjects (n = 6). To modify P(osm), subjects were infused with 0.9, 2, or 3% NaCl infusions (Inf) for 90 min on separate days. Infusion rates were 0.2, 0.15, and 0.125 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1 for 0.9, 2, and 3% Inf, respectively, which produced relatively similar plasma volume expansion. Thirty minutes after the end of infusion, subjects immersed their lower legs in a water bath at 42 degrees C (room temperature 28 degrees C) for 60 min after 10 min of preheating control measurements. Passive heating without infusion (NI) served as time control to account for the effect of volume expansion. P(osm) (mosmol/kgH2O) values at the onset of passive heating were 289.9 +/- 1.4, 292.1 +/- 0.6, 298.7 +/- 0.7, and 305.6 +/- 0.6 after NI, 0.9% Inf, 2% Inf, and 3% Inf, respectively. The increases in T(es) (delta T(es)) at equilibrium during passive heating (mean delta T(es) during 55-60 min) were 0.47 +/- 0.08, 0.59 +/- 0.08, 0.85 +/- 0.13, and 1.09 +/- 0.12 degrees C after NI, 0.9% Inf, 2% Inf, and 3% Inf, respectively, which indicates that T(es) at equilibrium increased linearly as P(osm) increased. delta T(es) required to elicit cutaneous vasodilation (delta T(es) threshold for cutaneous vasodilation) also increased linearly as P(osm) increased as well as the delta T(es) threshold for sweating. The calculated increases in these thresholds per unit rise in P(osm) from regression analysis were 0.044 degree C for the cutaneous vasodilation and 0.034 degree C for sweating. Thus the delta T(es) thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating are shifted to higher delta T(es) along with the increase in P(osm), and these shifts resulted in the higher increase in T(es) during passive heating.
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Patale, Tara, Liam McGuirk, Matthew Krasnow, Benjamin Epstein, Sarah Manely, Emily Sayegh, Michael Tenner, Javin Schefflein, Hasit Mehta, and Richard Noto. "RF14 | PMON328 The Effect of Pituitary Cysts on Pituitary Volume in Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A641—A642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1328.
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Abstract Background Pituitary cysts (PCs) may be related to the development of diminished growth hormone secretion because they may limit the proliferation of somatotrophs. This study seeks to investigate the mass effect of PCs on the pituitary function. Methods Patients aged 6-18 with cysts and follow-ups between 2007–21 were compared to normal controls (NCs) aged 6-18 from a neuroradiology center. Pituitary volume (PV) is the volume of the pituitary gland including the cyst, while net pituitary volume (netPV) is the volume of the pituitary gland excluding the cyst. Since NCs did not have PCs, only PV was utilized. PVs and netPVs are reported in mm3. Data were stratified into prepubertal (age < 11 yrs) and pubertal (age > 11 yrs). The Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA on Ranks was utilized to compare multiple means, and the Kruskal-Wallis Multiple-Comparison Z Value test (with Bonferroni adjustment) was utilized for pairwise comparisons. Results The mean and median PVs of prepubertal GHD (n=37), ISS (n=5), and NCs (n=58) were 290.2 ± 109.7 and 305.0, 314.4 ± 100.8 and 299.8, and 246.8 ± 63.7 and 241.6, respectively. The difference between mean PVs of prepubertal GHD, ISS, and NCs was not significant. The mean and median PVs of pubertal GHD (n=58), ISS (n=33), and NCs (n=112) were 391.5 ± 163.5 and 370.2, 409.2 ± 215.8 and 382.9, and 424.2 ± 138.9 and 402.7, respectively. The difference between mean PVs of pubertal GHD, ISS, and NCs was not significant. For netPV, the mean and median values for prepubertal GHD and ISS patients were 252.2 ± 83.3 and 272.2, and 245.2 ± 85.7 and 244.9, respectively. The difference between mean netPVs of prepubertal GHD, ISS, and NCs was not significant. For netPV, the mean and median values for pubertal GHD and ISS patients were 332.7 ± 121.3 and 346.4, and 333.9 ± 146.1 and 330.7, respectively. The mean netPVs of pubertal GHD and ISS patients were both significantly lower than the mean PV of pubertal NCs. The mean and median PVs for cyst patients were 364.8 ± 170.0 and 347.8 which was not significantly different from the NCs. The mean and median netPVs for cyst patients were 307.3 ± 122.9 and 289.0 which was significantly different from the NCs (p<0.001). Conclusion When considering the functional component of the pituitary gland, cyst volume should be subtracted from the overall pituitary gland. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:36 p.m. - 12:41 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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McGhan, William F., J. Lyle Bootman, Raymond J. Townsend, Jonathan Cooke, Christopher J. Cairns, Glenn S. Tillotson, Susan Conner, et al. "Comparative Clinical, Microbiologic, and Economic Audit of the Use of Oral Ciprofloxacin and Parenteral Antimicrobials." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 6 (June 1993): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700621.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of oral ciprofloxacin and parenteral antimicrobials in the treatment of acute infection (respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood) in hospitalized patients, with particular reference to severity of infection, outcome, and associated economic implications of each treatment. DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter comparative audit was conducted in the UK over an 18-month period. The audit was undertaken by clinical pharmacists who reviewed the antimicrobial treatment of patients with infective episodes, who were receiving or could have received oral therapy. PARTICIPANTS: Clinical pharmacists who collated the data all are employed in teaching hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were identified for analysis by their type of infection, severity of illness, antimicrobial prescribed, route of administration, and response to therapy. Additionally, data on costs of the antimicrobials prescribed and the supplementary costs of drug administration were calculated. RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-five patients were enrolled for analysis; 208 of the patients had respiratory tract infection, 112 had urinary tract infection, 138 had septicemia, and 27 had mixed infections. Sepsis scores were applied to 152 patients receiving oral ciprofloxacin and 333 patients receiving parenteral antimicrobials and yielded mean scores of 5.9 (SD 3.1, range 1–13) and 8.7 (SD 4.2, range 1–22), respectively. of 485 patients, 188 were paired according to sepsis score results and route of administration. Resolution occurred in 133 patients (79 receiving oral and 54 receiving parenteral therapy), further therapy was required in 49 (11 oral and 38 parenteral), and treatment was withdrawn in 6 (4 oral and 2 parenteral). Microbiologic assessment yielded positive results in 227 patients (47 percent). Drug acquisition costs (based on 1 UK £ = 1.80 US $) per course of treatment were $47.23 (SD $38.32, range 5.40–218.70) for the oral group and $173.70 (SD $209.77, range 2.11–1021.40) for the parenteral group. Overall costs for treatment courses were $74.00 (SD $52.81, range 8.10–309.17) and $305.59 (SD $304.70, range 14.69–1345.00) for the two groups, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that, in patients with moderate infective episodes, oral ciprofloxacin may reduce overall treatment costs compared with the use of parenteral antimicrobial agents.
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Simonsen, Lene, Camilla Ryge, and Jens Bülow. "Glucose-Induced Thermogenesis in Splanchnic and Leg Tissues in Man." Clinical Science 88, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0880543.
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1. Fourteen healthy subjects were investigated before and for 4 hours after oral intake of 75 g of glucose (n = 8) or tap water (n = 6). Whole-body energy expenditure was measured by an open-circuit ventilated hood system. Blood samples for determination of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose and lactate were taken from an artery, a hepatic vein and a femoral vein. Blood flow in the splanchnic region was measured by constant infusion of Indocyanine Green. Leg blood flow was measured by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output in the splanchnic and leg tissues were calculated as the product of blood flow and arteriovenous differences in oxygen or carbon dioxide concentrations. Net exchanges of glucose and lactate across the splanchnic and leg tissues were calculated as the product of blood flow and arteriovenous differences in whole-blood glucose or lactate concentrations. 2. Splanchnic oxygen uptake had a biphasic course with an initial increase from 2.35 ± 0.88 (SD) mmol/min to 2.85 ± 1.20 mmol/min 30 min after the glucose intake (P < 0.005) and a later decrease below the basal value to around 2.02 mmol/min 90–180 min after the glucose intake (P < 0.05). The integrated increase in the splanchnic oxygen uptake during the 4 h after the glucose intake was −32.6 ± 49.7 mmol/240 min. Leg oxygen uptake increased from 4.3 ± 1.4 μmol min−1 100 g−1 to 7.0 ± 3.2 μmol min−1 100 g−1 90 min after the glucose intake (P < 0.01). The integrated increase in leg oxygen uptake was 305.1 ± 394.3 μmol 240 min−1 100 g−1. Assuming leg oxygen uptake mainly represents average skeletal muscle, the skeletal muscle mass can explain around 45% of the whole-body glucose-induced thermogenesis. 3. It is concluded that the splanchnic tissues do not contribute to the integrated glucose-induced thermogenesis owing to a biphasic response in oxygen uptake, with an initial increase and a later decrease. Measurements across a leg give the same information as measurements across a forearm with respect to estimation of glucose-induced thermogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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Josiah, P. N., I. J. Otaraku, B. O. Evbuomwan, and T. O. Erekosima. "Synthesis and Soft Implementation of Supervisory Control Scheme in an Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Unit of a Nigerian Refinery." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpacr.2013/vol11n12037.
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In this paper, a self-tuning hierarchical controller in which a Fuzzy logic controller supervises the control actions of a conventional PID has been proposed, implemented and presented. The controller has been applied to a control study of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit riser temperature, and regenerator temperature respectively. Performance comparison of the proposed Fuzzy-PID controller and the conventional PID was made in simulation studies of regulatory and servo performances of the two controller types. Six performance measures: Percent overshoot (OS), settling time (ST), integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE) and integral time square error (ITSE) were employed as the tools for performance comparison between the conventional PID and the Fuzzy-PID controller. For the tracking of riser temperature with a set point at 524oC, the performance indicators under PID control gave the following results overshoot (14.5%); settling time (40 seconds) Integral absolute error (8.246), integral square error (3.3); integral time absolute error(1762);integral time square error (43.77) while for the same indicators under Fuzzy-PID control the following values: overshoot (3.3%); settling time (40 seconds) ;Integral absolute error (8.811); integral square error (14.5); integral time absolute error(280),;integral time square error (31.11) .The results allude to the superiority of the fuzzy-PID scheme over the PID scheme in tracking the optimal set point of riser temperature. More so, for tracking the regenerator set point temperature of 746oC, comparative study of step response under the two schemes gave the following results in six performance indicators: overshoot (PID(12.6%)/Fuzzy-PID(6%)); settling time (PID(80 seconds)/Fuzzy-PID(20seconds));Integral absolute error(PID(14.29)/Fuzzy-PID(8.63)); integral square error(PID(6.713).Fuzzy-PID(4.506)); integral time absolute error(PID(2858)/Fuzzy-PID(305.9)), integral time square error (PID(77.55)/Fuzzy-PID(33.05)).Moreover, the fuzzy-PID controller also showed superior performance over the conventional PID controller in terms disturbance rejection (regulatory response) of both riser and regenerator temperature. The results from this study suggest that the application of fuzzy-PID scheme to temperature control offers good promise of improved fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) operations.
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Khanzada, Nimra, Owais Iqbal, Ambrin Baby, Sumbal Zaman, Mehvish Tofique, and Asad Rajput. "EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA GERMPLASM FOR RELATIVE RESISTANCE OR SUSCEPTIBILITY AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT AND ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS." Plant Protection 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.006.02.4234.
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Recognition and use of resistant sources against pests and diseases are an integral element of a genetic improvement program. For this purpose, an evaluation of chickpea cultivars (24 advanced lines and 6 commercial varieties) was undertaken under field conditions. Three types of disease responses based on a disease rating scale of 1-9 were observed i.e. resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible. It was noticed that among 30 cultivars, none was highly resistant and asymptomatic or highly susceptible to both diseases. It was remarkably noticed that in the case of Fusarium wilt, all of the chickpea genotypes except one which performed better was categorized as resistant. Contrarily, L124 was scored as moderately susceptible. All the commercial varieties NUT (2018-19), DG-92, Rabat, Black gram, Benezir, and Synyasi were susceptible to Fusarium wilt. In the case of Ascochyta blight, all the germplasm exhibited resistant reactions except one (L124). Out of the six commercial varieties, Black gram and Benezir exhibited resistant reactions. Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight gradually increased with time after each observation. Fusarium wilt disease index in the month of March, was significantly higher on commercial varieties, including NUT (2018-19), DG-92, Rabat, Benezir, and Synyasi, ranging between 57.4-61.7% followed by cv. Black gram with a disease index of 53.7%. All the advanced lines had a low disease index as compared to commercial varieties. Similarly, in the month of March, the disease index of Ascochyta blight was lowest on L102 (38.9%) and the highest on Nut-2018-19 (59.3%) followed by Rabat and Synyasi. Significantly maximum 1000 grain weight was recorded in DG-92, L10, and L119, ranging from 304.3-305.3 g. In terms of grain yield/hectare, L117, L124, NUT (2018-19) and Black gram produced a significantly maximum yield (2916.7-2868.1 kg/ha) followed by Rabat (2638.9 kg/ha) and Synyasi (2520.8 kg/ha) whereas, the lowest yield was recorded in L121. The disease severity of both diseases was positively correlated with 100-grain weight as well as with grain yield. The study revealed the availability of resistant germplasm against two important diseases (Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight) which may be exploited in the breeding program for the development of disease-resistant cultivars and may be incorporated with high-yielding cultivars which are clearly evident in the present study.
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Molnár, Áron, László Kovács, Dávid Homoki, Dániel Minya, and Milán Fehér. "Examining the production parameters of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles under different lighting conditions." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/8494.
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European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a native predatory fish in Hungary, and a promising new species of fresh water aquaculture nowadays. The European perch can be characterized by a high stress sensitivity during the intensive rearing, thus the optimization of environmental conditions has significant importance in the early life stages of fish. The aim of our study was to determine whether the light intensity and darkening of the water by humic acid affect the survival and growth performance of European perch juveniles. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Rectangular aquariums were arranged in 3 lines, the test environment consisted of 24 units. The experiment was set up with 10–10 fish per aquarium, total of 240 individuals. The average wet body weight of the fish at the start of the experiment was 1.69 grams. During the experiment, 6 treatments in 4 replicates were set up. In the first row, we set up 305.6±66.0 LUX (L), in the second row 118.0±24.4 LUX (C), and in the third row (D) 17.0±8.6 LUX illumination was set up. In each row the water of four aquariums were darkened by the addition of humic acid (H) (L, LH, C, CH, D, and DH). At the end of the experiment high survival rate was observed in all treatments. Examining the survival rate, the best results were found in the strongly illuminated treatments (L; LH- SR%=100±0.00). The observed mortality was caused by cannibalism. Regarding the individual body weight, the best results were shown by the treatments where the aquariums were illuminated with lower light intensity (C: 4.66±0.33 grams) and the aquarium water was darkened by humic acid (CH: 4.93±0.15 grams). The results of the C and CH groups were significantly better compared to the other treatments, however, they did not differ statistically from each other. The darkening of the water had a positive effect on the individual body weight of fish reared under full light (L: 3.73±0.28 grams; LH: 4.33±0.28 grams), whereas in the case of fish reared in the lowest illumination, the addition of humic acid did not affect the results (D: 3.78±0.15 grams; DH: 3.80±0.26 grams). In case of SGR (C: 3.64%/day and CH: 3.74%/day) and FCR (C: 0.84 g/g and CH: 0.78g/g) the best results were obtained by the C and CH treatments, also.
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Vega-Zolano, Elizabeth, Erika Ruiz, German Caderillo-Ruiz, Consuelo Diaz, Marytere Herrera, Liliana Patricia Torres Agredo, Irma Soldevilla-Gallardo, Emiliano Michel-Sanchez, and Francisco Osvaldo Garcia-Perez. "Prognostic value of total tumor volume with 68Ga DOTATOC PET/CT in predicting response to 177-Lu-DOTATOC treatment in metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e16248-e16248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e16248.
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e16248 Background: PET/CT with somatostatin analogues (68 Ga DOTATOC) is essential for decision-making prior to treatment with [177Lu–Dota0–Tyr3]–Octreotate (177Lu-DOTATOC), there are biological characteristics in this type of neoplasms that allow predicting the response to therapy, the tumor burden is one of the most important variables, however its estimation with conventional imaging tools is limited, currently there are reconstruction algorithms based on artificial intelligence that allow estimating the tumor burden using molecular imaging studies with 68 Ga DOTATOC, aim of this work is to determine the value of the total tumor load with this radiotracer as a predictor of overall survival in patients treated with 177Lu DOTATOC. Methods: 45 patients (11 men and 34 women) with an average age of 57.2 (range 47.2 to 66.5) with histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the period from 2015 to 2021 who received therapy with (177Lu-DOTATOC) and who had a baseline 68Ga DOTATOC PET to calculate total tumor volume (TVV) and semiquantitative uptake values were retrospectively included. Results: The mean follow-up was 29.3 +/- 6 months. Using ROC curves, a cut-off point of 100 cm3 was determined to differentiate responding and non-responding patients. The difference in the overall survival curves between both groups was statistically significant (470 days vs. 180 days) with p=0.07. The main sites of origin of the primary tumor were pancreas (n=24), lung (n=11), small intestine (n=7) and liver (n=3). The mean tumor volume was 305.8 cm3 (+/- 272). The organs with the highest uptake values were pancreas with SUVmax of 27.9 (range 10.1-42.4), rectum with SUVmax 26.5 (10.7-42.3) and liver with SUVmax of 22.1 (14.4-31.7), these uptake values did not have any type of relation to patient survival. Regarding therapy with 177 Lu DOTATOC, 8 received 14.8 Gbq (400mCi), 12; 22.2 GBq (600mCi) and 25; 29.6 GBq (800 mCi), no serious adverse effect or kidney function impairment was demonstrated after 177Lu DOTATOC therapy. No grade 3 or 4 haematological toxicity was identified. Conclusions: PET/CT with 68 Ga-DOTATOC is routinely used in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors and also allows categorizing patients according to their tumor volume to predict overall survival in patients treated with 177 Lu-DOTATOC, thus in such a way that it could be considered as an easily accessible and widely available prognostic imaging biomarker.
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Zhou, Lili, Shiguang Ye, Xiuyong Dang, Shaoguang Li, and Ping Li. "Characterization of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistio(HLH）in Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients after CAR-T Therapy." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186563.
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Background: Patients with chemotherapy-refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor prognoses. The objective response rate of patients with standard salvage regimens is 26%, while CART therapy have complete remission (CR) rates of 40%- 54% against DLBCL. Half of DLBCL patients relapsed or progressed after chimeric CAR-T cell therapy, but only a few of them were accompanied by HLH. Its clinical characteristics are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 8 patients with relapsed DLBCL lymphoma accompany by HLH after CAR-T therapy between May 2019 and July 2023(NCT02537977 and NCT04036019). We investigate the clinical characteristics of these patients, compare the survival between patients with and without CR after CAR-T therapy, compare the survival between patients with and without CRS after CAR-T therapy. Results: 8 R/R DLBCL patients were enrolled. Median age was 59.5 years (range, 37-69), and 6(75%) patients had non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL, one had GCB DLBCL, one had transformed DLBCL. 2 patients (25.0%) had HLH before CAR-T treatment previously. Among them, 3 patients (37.5%) achieved CR after CART therapy, while 3 patients (37.5%) achieved partial remission. ALL of the patients (100%) relapsed or progressed, and all of them died because of disease progression. With a median follow-up of 7 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 206.0 days (95%CI 106.2-305.8) and progress-free survival (PFS) was 125.0 days (95%CI 40.5-210.0). Particularly，the median time from HLH to death was only 45.0 days (95%CI: 22.8-67.2). 6 patients (75.0%) occurred grade 1-2 CRS, no patient occurred ≥grade 3 CRS, and 2 patients (25.0%) did not occurred any CRS. The median OS was 328.0 days and 142.0 days (95%CI 60.4-223.6) for patients without CRS and with CRS1-2, respectively. There is significantly different in OS for patients with and without CRS ( P=0.03). The median OS was 328.0 days (95%CI 217.6-438.4) and 142.0 days (95%CI 133.4-150.6) for patients with CR and without CR, respectively. The median PFS was 257.0 days (95%CI 103.4-410.6) and 77.0 days (95%CI 8.3-145.7) for patients with CR and without CR. There is significantly different in OS and PFS for patients with CR and other patients ( P=0.01 and P=0.01). Conclusion: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life threatening disorder. The prognosis of patients with relapsed DLBCL lymphoma accompany by HLH after CAR-T therapy is very poor. Patients with CRS during CART therapy may more likely have HLH when DLBCL relapse. The patients without CRS have better survival time than those with CRS during CART therapy. We hypothesis that because both HLH and CRS is inflammatory syndrome resulting from T-cell activation.
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Rozana, Erika, Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman, and Sri Haryani. "Pengaruh Jenis Mikroorganisme Yang Diisolasi Dari Hutan Bakau Kota Banda Aceh Terhadap Perolehan Biomassa Dan Minyak." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v5i3.15388.
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Produktivitas biomassa dan minyak yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti teknik pertumbuhan, teknik pemanenan biomassa dan juga metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Perbedaan hasil produktivitas minyak juga dapat terjadi akibat adanya perbedaan spesies mikroorganisme yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mikroorganisme yang ditumbuhkan pada media cair dengan kondisi pertumbuhan yang sama terhadap perolehan jumlah biomassa dan yield minyak yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mikroalga dan yeast yang telah diisolasi dari perairan hutan bakau kota Banda Aceh yang telah teridentifikasi secara genetik sebagai T multirudimentale (mikrooalga) dan Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (yeast). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga dapat memproduksi biomassa lebih tinggi (8,90 g/L) daripada yeast (4,20 g/L). Mikroalga memiliki densitas optis kultur lebih tinggi dibandingkan yeast. Perolehan tertinggi yield minyak dihasilkan oleh yeast yaitu sebesar 1,70 % sedangkan pada mikroalga 0,45%. Jenis mikroorganisme berpengaruh sangat nyata (≤0,01) pada yield minyak mikroorganisme yang dihasilkan.The Effect Of Isolated Types Microorganism From Mangrove Area In Banda Aceh Toward Biomass And Lipid ProductionAbstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the head pressure levels in Kirico hose towards the uniformity of water distribution as well as the growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica Chinensis). The research method used was an experimental method in the form of Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a non-factorial pattern. The experiment was conducted at 3 head pressures i.e. 6 psi (T1), 9 psi (T2) and 12 psi (T3). The area of observation was 8 x 1 m2. The parameters observed were coefficient uniformity (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet and dry weights. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA at alpha 5%. Results showed that the optimal head pressure for the Kirico hose was 9 psi (T2). The averages of coefficient uniformity (CU) for each treatment were: 85.62% (T1), 89.61% (T2), and 85.73% (T3), respectively. Meanwhile, the averages of distribution uniformity (DU) for each treatment were: 77.14% (T1), 83.49% (T2), and 77.32% (T3), respectively. The optimal growth and yield of mustard green were also identified at 9psi. The averages of plant height for each treatment were: 30.85 cm (T1), 32.15 cm (T2), and 30.30 cm (T3), respectively. The number of leaves averages were: 21 (T1), 21 (T2) and 20 (T3), respectively. The root length averages were: 8.03 cm (T1), 8.06 cm (T2), and 7.93 cm (T3). The wet/dry weights were: 305.25/181,58 grams (T1), 323.75/206,15 grams (T2), and 299/186.88 grams (T3), respectively.