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1
Egger, Thomas, and Joelle Leonie Flueck. "Energy Availability in Male and Female Elite Wheelchair Athletes over Seven Consecutive Training Days." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113262.
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Background: Low energy availability (LEA) is a major problem as athletes often restrict their energy intake. It has been shown that LEA occurs often in female and endurance athletes and in athletes from weight-sensitive or aesthetic sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate energy availability (EA) in elite wheelchair athletes. Methods: Fourteen elite wheelchair athletes (8 males; 6 females) participated. Data were collected using a weighed seven-day food and training diary to estimate energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Resting energy expenditure and body composition were measured, whereas energy balance (EB) was calculated. Results: Measured over 7 days, EA was significantly different (36.1 ± 6.7 kcal kg−1 FFM day−1) in male compared to female (25.1 ± 7.1 kcal kg−1 FFM day−1) athletes (p < 0.001). From all analyzed days, LEA occurred in 73% of the days in female athletes and in 30% of the days in male athletes. EB was positive in male athletes (+169.1 ± 304.5 kcal) and negative (−288.9 ± 304.8 kcal) in female athletes. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of LEA was found in female compared to male athletes. A higher energy intake would be recommended to meet energy needs and to maximize training adaptation.
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Lawniczak, Mara, Liam M. Crowley, and Erica McAlister. "The genome sequence of the dark-edged bee fly, Bombylius major (Linnaeus, 1758)." Wellcome Open Research 8 (September 1, 2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19804.1.
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We present a genome assembly from an individual male Bombylius major (the dark-edged bee fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Bombyliidae). The genome sequence is 304.3 megabases in span. The whole assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.8 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 10,852 protein coding genes.
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Hsu, Leh-Yeh, Jeff W. Kampf, and Christer E. Nordman. "Structure and pseudosymmetry of cholesterol at 310 K." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 58, no. 2 (March 25, 2002): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101018729.
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The structure of cholesterol above the (304.8 K) phase transition, previously published in preliminary form [Hsu & Nordman (1983). Science, 220, 604–606], has been fully refined using augmented X-ray data. The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with (reassigned) cell parameters a = 27.565 (10), b = 38.624 (16), c = 10.748 (4) Å, α = 93.49 (3), β = 90.90 (3), γ = 117.15 (3)°, and V = 10151 (7) Å3. The unit cell contains Z = 16 molecules, of which eight are related to the other eight by unusual twofold rotational pseudosymmetry. The structure is related to the room-temperature phase, with Z = 8, by a rearrangement of some of the molecules, and by a doubling of the a axis.
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Rahman, Musfira, Gamal Mabrouk, and Samer Dessouky. "Development of a Photovoltaic-Based Module for Harvesting Solar Energy from Pavement: A Lab and Field Assessment." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 9, 2023): 3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083338.
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The concurrent worldwide energy crisis has become a strong incentive for researchers, governments, and industry professionals to focus on sustainable energy solutions. Consequently, pavement photovoltaic energy harvesting technologies, as one of the most common sustainable energy solutions, have recently seen a significant improvement, especially in the new innovative designs of pavement solar panels. In this study, an innovative design for a prototype energy harvesting system was proposed based on thin-film photovoltaic solar panels. In addition, the feasibility of utilizing the generated power of the proposed system to illuminate a pedestrian crosswalk to enhance the safety of an at-grade intersection was also analyzed. The designed prototype consists of a thin-film solar panel, a transparent cover to protect the solar panel, and a wooden frame to support the panel and distribute the load. Different materials for the transparent covering plates were investigated, including polycarbonate with varying thicknesses, textured GlassGrit, and textured float glass with corundum skid-resistant coating on the surface. Finite element analysis was also conducted to analyze the behavior of solar panel-incorporated layered asphalt pavement subjected to dynamic wheel loading. The results showed that the suggested model could sustain the structural loads of a moving wheel without failure. Experimental results of the study showed that considering the seven hours of operation on a typical sunny day, the proposed system could generate approximately 699 Watt-hour of power during 7 h of operation (9 a.m.–4 p.m.) from the 304.8 mm (12 inches) × 304.8 mm (12 inches) pavement solar panel.
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Dhanusri, V., H. Usha Nandhini Devi, A. Sankari, M. Djanaguiraman, and V. Veeranan Arun Giridhari. "Quantifying the effects of drought stress on cucumber genotypes differing in membrane integrity." Journal of Applied Horticulture 25, no. 02 (August 30, 2023): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2023.v25i02.28.
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Cucumber yield is profoundly influenced by soil moisture, with drought representing a pivotal factor. This study evaluated four cucumber lines (CBECS-37, CBECS-38, CBECS-19, and CBECS-7) within a split-plot experimental design comprising four replications. Irrigation occurred once every seven days, spanning from sowing to the flowering stage. Drought stress was imposed at two critical stages: from flower bud initiation to harvesting (withheld irrigation for 25 days) and from flowering to harvesting (withheld irrigation for 15 days). Morphological and physiological parameters, including plant height, primary branch count, days to first male and female flower appearance, total soluble solids (TSS), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde, were assessed 15 days after drought stress. Results indicated greater membrane damage during the flower bud initiation to the harvesting stage (404.5%) compared to the flowering to the harvesting stage (304.6%). Thus, drought stress during flower bud initiation to harvesting was more critical. CBECS-7 demonstrated the highest tolerance to drought conditions, displaying superior outcomes in primary branches, plant height (20.6%), chlorophyll a (16.7%), chlorophyll b (53.4%), total chlorophyll (26.7%), and RWC (6.7%). CBECS-7 exhibited increased chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic activity, robust vegetative growth, and prolific flower and fruit production. These findings establish CBECS-7 as a drought-tolerant line during flower bud initiation to harvesting. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical nature of the flower bud initiation to the harvesting stage and identifies CBECS-7 as a drought-tolerant cucumber line.
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Luedeman, J., and K. R. Ostlie. "Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.205.
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Abstract Performance of aerially applied permethrin against ECB was evaluated using 2 different volumes of water carrier. The site was a 135.9 ha commercial corn field located north of Sauk Centre, Stearns county, MN, planted on 5 May, at a population of 71,662 plants/ha. The plots, which measured 15.2 m by 304.8 m (0.91 m row spacing), were established on 12 Jul. Treatments included permethrin @ 0.17 kg(AI)/ha aerially applied with 18.7 liter/ha water and 28.01 liter/ha water and an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied in a 15 m swath by a Piper Brave equipped with MultiTeeJet (46 core with no. 7 spinner) nozzles on 13 Jul from 6-9 pm under light winds (4.8-14.5 km/h) and moderate temperatures (17.8-21.1 C). Performance was evaluated on 22 Sep by dissecting 10 plants at 5 locations per plot and recording the number of tunnels per plant, and on 8 Nov by harvesting the plots. Statistical procedures used to analyze the data include ANOVA and LSD.
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Omer Sabah Ibrahiem Al-Tamimi. "Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using Chloride Mass Balance (CMB) Unconfined Aquifer in Kirkuk Sub-Basin/ NE Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 23, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v23i8.547.
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An estimation of groundwater recharge for the unconfined aquifer in Kirkuk - Iraq sub-basin, has been conducted using chloride mass balance method by measuring the monthly chloride concentration in monthly basis for rainy (wet) season 2015-2016 , samples have been selected from 44 water wells scattered in the region of interest ,the results shown that the groundwater recharge is about 15.6% from the total annual precipitation (304.3 mm) where the total recharge reached ~ 47.5 mm, moreover an additional source of fresh water is feeding the region of interest represented by Kirkuk irrigation channel ,the discharge is nearly 7 m3/sec for 360 days ( 218 MCM/Year). the total amout of recharge to Kirkuk sub-basin is equal to 411 MCM/Year. The discharges of Al-Khassa river which crossed the central parts of ROI, were neglected because the river became controlled by Al-Khassa dam which was recently constructed at the northern border of the ROI which represented by Kirkuk structure. The present study is recommended to use this source of renewal water through strategic plan where additional comprehnsive hydrologic studies and aquifer modeling are needed to prevent the groundwater depleting in the region.
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Stein, PE, SE White, J. Homan, L. Fraher, HH McGarrigle, MA Hanson, and AD Bocking. "Fetal endocrine responses to prolonged reduced uterine blood flow are altered following bilateral sectioning of the carotid sinus and vagus nerves." Journal of Endocrinology 157, no. 1 (April 1, 1998): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1570149.
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The present study examines the effect of carotid sinus/vagosympathetic denervation on fetal endocrine responses to prolonged reduced uterine blood flow (RUBF). Fetal sheep had vascular catheters inserted following bilateral sectioning of the carotid sinus and vagus nerves (denervated, n = 7) or sham denervation (intact, n = 7). Uterine blood flow was mechanically restricted at 126.1 +/- 0.7 days (mean +/- S.E.M.) for 24 h, decreasing arterial oxygen saturation by 47.3 +/- 2.6% (P < 0.01). Fetal plasma samples were obtained at -1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for subsequent analyses of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II and catecholamines. The AVP response to prolonged RUBF was markedly attenuated in denervated fetuses (15.6 +/- 3.6 to 34.9 +/- 6.0 pg/ml) when compared with intact (10.0 +/- 1.4 to 127.3 +/- 28.4 pg/ml). In contrast, intact fetuses demonstrated no change in plasma angiotensin II concentrations with RUBF whereas denervated fetuses demonstrated a marked increase from 47.5 +/- 18.9 to 128.7 +/- 34.2 pg/ml. The norepinephrine and epinephrine responses to prolonged RUBF were attenuated in denervated fetuses (950.1 +/- 308.9 and 155.8 +/- 58.5 to 1268.3 +/- 474.6 and 290.6 +/- 160.2 pg/ml respectively) when compared with intact (1558.3 +/- 384.4 and 547.3 +/- 304.7 pg/ml to 3289.2 +/- 1219.8 and 896.8 +/- 467.8 pg/ml respectively). These results support a role for the peripheral chemoreceptors in mediating fetal endocrine responses to prolonged RUBF, which may in part lead to the altered cardiovascular responses observed in denervated fetuses under these conditions.
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Burapan, Supawadee, Mihyang Kim, Yingyong Paisooksantivatana, Bekir Engin Eser, and Jaehong Han. "Thai Curcuma Species: Antioxidant and Bioactive Compounds." Foods 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091219.
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For the functional food applications, antioxidant properties and the bioactive compounds of the 23 Curcuma species commercially cultivated in Thailand were studied. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. The concentrations of eight bioactive compounds, including curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4), germacrone (5), furanodienone (6), zederone (7), and ar-turmerone (8), were determined from the Curcuma by HPLC. While the total phenolic content of C. longa was highest (22.3 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g, mg of gallic acid equivalents), C. Wan Na-Natong exhibited the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity. Twenty-three Curcuma species showed characteristic distributions of the bioactive compounds, which can be utilized for the identification and authentication of the cultivated Curcuma species. C. longa contained the highest content of curcumin (1) (304.9 ± 0.1 mg/g) and C. angustifolia contained the highest content of germacrone (5) (373.9 ± 1.1 mg/g). It was noteworthy that 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4) was found only from C. comosa at a very high concentration (300.7 ± 1.4 mg/g). It was concluded that Thai Curcuma species have a great potential for the application of functional foods and ingredients.
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Schröter-Schmid, Ingrid, and Joachim Strähle. "Synthese und Struktur von Thiolatokomplexen des einwertigen Kupfers: Tetrameres und Octameres [CuSC6H2(i-Pr)3] / Synthesis and Structure of Thiolato Complexes of Monovalent Copper: Tetrameric and Octameric [CuSC6H2(i-Pr)3]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 1537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1113.
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[CuSC6H2(i-Pr)3]n = 4 (1), and n = 8 (2) are obtained from CuCO3 · Cu(OH)2 and 2,4,6-tri(isopropyl)thiophenol in a slow reaction, where long reaction times promote the formation of octameric 2.1 crystallizes as colorless platelets, space group C 2/c: a = 3647(2), b = 854.8(6), c = 2061.3(7) pm, β = 105.98(4)°, Ζ = 4. Central unit of the tetrameric complex with the symmetry C2 is a non planar eight-membered Cu–S heterocycle. The four Cu atoms form a rhombus with short edges of 269.7 and 270.1 pm. The bridging SR-ligands are arranged alternatingly above and below the Cu4 rhombus. Octameric 2 crystallies as 2•(H2O)x in the form of orthorhombic yellow blocks, space group Pbcn: a = 2513(1), b = 1975(1), c = 2747(1) pm, Z = 4. The thiolato ligands connect the Cu atoms to form a folded 16-membered Cu–S ring with the symmetry C2. The eight S atoms are arranged at the corners of a cube with the Cu atoms occupying eight of its edges. The Cu–Cu distances are in the range of 267.8 to 304.0 pm. In 1 as well as in 2 the Cu atoms are linearly coordinated with Cu–S distances of 214.7 to 217.9 pm.
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Vaz, Ana A., Isabel Odriozola-Serrano, Gemma Oms-Oliu, and Olga Martín-Belloso. "Physicochemical Properties and Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Vegetable By-Products." Foods 11, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172578.
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The agro-food industry generates a large volume of by-products, whose revaluation is essential for the circular economy. From these by-products, dietary fibre concentrates (DFCs) can be obtained. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise (a) the proximal composition by analysing soluble, insoluble and total Dietary Fibre (DF), (b) the physicochemical properties, and (c) the phenolic profile of artichoke, red pepper, carrot, and cucumber DFCs. In addition, the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was also evaluated after in vitro gastrointestinal and colonic digestions. The results showed that the DFCs had more than 30 g/100 g dw. The water holding and retention capacity of the DFCs ranges from 9.4 to 18.7 g of water/g. Artichoke DFC presented high concentration of phenolic compounds (8340.7 mg/kg) compared to the red pepper (304.4 mg/kg), carrot (217.4 mg/kg) and cucumber DFCs (195.7 mg/kg). During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, soluble phenolic compounds were released from the food matrix, chlorogenic acid, the principal compound in artichoke and carrot DFCs, and hesperetin-7-rutinoside in red pepper cucumber DFCs. Total phenolic content decreased after in vitro colonic digestion hence the chemical transformation of the phenolic compounds by gut microbiota. Based on the results, DFCs could be good functional ingredients to develop DF-enriched food, reducing food waste.
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Swanson, Garth R., Annika Gorenz, Maliha Shaikh, Vishal Desai, Christopher Forsyth, Louis Fogg, Helen J. Burgess, and Ali Keshavarzian. "Decreased melatonin secretion is associated with increased intestinal permeability and marker of endotoxemia in alcoholics." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 308, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): G1004—G1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00002.2015.
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Chronic heavy alcohol use is known to cause gut leakiness and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but only 30% of heavy drinkers develop increased intestinal permeability and ALD. The hypothesis of this study was that disruption of circadian rhythms is a potential risk factor in actively drinking alcoholics for gut leakiness and endotoxemia. We studied 20 subjects with alcohol use disorder (AD) and 17 healthy controls (HC, 6 day workers, 11 night workers). Subjects wore a wrist actiwatch for 7 days and underwent a 24-h dim light phase assessment and urine collection for intestinal permeability. The AD group had significantly less total sleep time and increased fragmentation of sleep ( P < 0.05). AD also had significantly lower plasma melatonin levels compared with the HC [mean area under the curve (AUC) 322.78 ± 228.21 vs. 568.75 ± 304.26 pg/ml, P = 0.03]. In the AD group, AUC of melatonin was inversely correlated with small bowel and colonic intestinal permeability (lactulose-to-mannitol ratio, r = −0.39, P = 0.03; urinary sucralose, r = −0.47, P = 0.01). Cosinor analysis of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (marker of endotoxemia) and lipopolysaccharide every 4 h for 24 h in HC and AD subjects had a midline estimating statistic of rhythm of 5,026.15 ± 409.56 vs. 6,818.02 ± 628.78 ng/ml ( P < 0.01) and 0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.15 ± 0.19 EU/ml ( P < 0.05), respectively. We found plasma melatonin was significantly lower in the AD group, and lower melatonin levels correlated with increased intestinal permeability and a marker of endotoxemia. Our study suggests the suppression of melatonin in AD may promote gut leakiness and endotoxemia.
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Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo da S., Alessandra Ferreira Crispino, and Eduardo Muniz Barreto Tinoco. "Níveis elevados de metaloproteinase da matriz-9 em sítios com destruição tecidual de pacientes com periodontite crônica generalizada." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 2, no. 1 (July 13, 2003): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v2i1.4164.
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<span class="texto">O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os níveis de MMP-9 (gelatinase B) presentes no fluido crevicular gengival de sítios com destruição tecidual (PP) de pacientes com periodontite crônica generalizada e compará-los aos níveis de MMP-9 de sítios com inflamação gengival, mas sem sinais de perda de inserção, destes mesmos pacientes (GP) e de pacientes afetados apenas por gengivite (GG). O grupo teste constituiu-se de 24 pacientes com periodontite crônica, sendo 7 homens e 17 mulheres, com média de idade de 48,2 anos (DP ± 7,4) e o grupo controle, de 22 pacientes, 10 homens e 12 mulheres, com média de idade de 47,5 anos (DP ± 9,4), sem sinais clínicos de perda de inserção. Os parâmetros clínicos analisados foram Índice de Placa (IP), Índice Gengival (IG), Profundidade de Bolsa à Sondagem (PBS) e Nível de Inserção Clínica (NI). As amostras de fluido gengival foram coletadas com o método de lavagem intra-sulcular. Os níveis de MMP-9 nas amostras coletadas foram determinados através da técnica de ELISA. Os resultados mostraram que a quantidade de MMP-9 nos sítios PP (318,5 DP ± 304.9) é significativamente maior do que em sítios GG (média 110 DP ± 121) (p < 0,003) e GP (106 DP ± 118) (p < 0,001), e nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre GG e GP, apesar de todos os sítios apresentarem níveis de IG e IP similares. Concluindo, a elevação dos níveis de MMP-9 nos sítios PP sugere que essa enzima pode estar envolvida no complexo processo de destruição tecidual que ocorre na periodontite.</span>
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Schmidt, Jana, Clemens Hübler, Sandra Krohn, Gerhard Schmalz, Hartmut Schneider, Thomas Berg, Rainer Haak, and Dirk Ziebolz. "Detection of Inflammatory and Homeostasis Biomarkers after Selective Removal of Carious Dentin—An In Vivo Feasibility Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051003.
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Deep carious dentin lesions induce an immune reaction within the pulp-dentin complex, leading to the release of cytokines, which might be suitable biomarkers in pulp diagnostics. This in vivo feasibility study determines the concentration of different cytokines after selective removal of carious infected dentin (SCR). In our methodology, paired samples are obtained from 21 patients—each of them with two deep carious lesions at posterior teeth without clinical symptoms. After SCR, lesions are randomly assigned to treatment strategy: Group 1 (11 patients): Carious dentin is covered either with BiodentineTM (n = 11) or gutta-percha (n = 11) before using the adhesive OptibondTM FL. Group 2 (10 patients): The adhesives ClearfilTM SE Protect Bond (n = 10) or ClearfilTM SE Bond 2 (n = 10) are directly applied. Prepared cavities are rinsed with phosphate buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 (10X) for five minutes immediately after SCR (visit 1) and eight weeks later (visit 2). Rinsing liquid is regained. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IFN-γ, TIMP-1, -2, and MMP-7, -8, -9 are assessed by customized multiplex assays, evaluated with fluorescence analyzer. Non-parametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U Test, p < 0.05) is performed (SPSS 25). Our results show that concentrations of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TIMP-1, -2, and MMPs were detectable. Median concentrations of CRP, IL-1β und IL-6 were significantly higher in visit 1 (304.9, 107.4, 3.8 pg/mL), compared to visit 2 (67.8, 2.3, 0.0 pg/mL; pi < 0.001). The study revealed that the non-invasive determination of cytokines from prepared dental cavities is possible.
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Kluge, M., P. Schüssler, M. Dresler, D. Schmidt, A. Yassouridis, M. Uhr, and A. Steiger. "FC10-02 - Ghrelin affects sleep, secretion of cortisol and growth hormone and psychopathology in patients with major depression." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73569-6.
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IntroductionGhrelin showed antidepressant-like effects in mice. Furthermore, ghrelin influences sleep and the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and somatotropic axis in healthy humans as indicated by increased cortisol and growth hormone (GH) plasma levels. Both sleep and the activity of these endocrine axes are disturbed in depression.ObjectiveTo study the effect of ghrelin on psychopathology, sleep and secretion of cortisol and GH in patients with major depression.MethodsDepressive symptoms as assessed by a validated self rating scale (’Befindlichkeits-Skala’, [well-being scale]), secretion profiles of cortisol and GH and sleep-EEGs were determined in 14 unmedicated patients with major depression (7 women) twice, receiving 50 μg ghrelin or placebo at 2200, 2300, 0000, and 0100 hours.ResultsOverall, depressive symptoms did not change significantly after ghrelin administration (placebo: 37 ± 8; ghrelin: 33 ± 10, p = 0.178). However, there was an improvement at trend level in men (placebo: 36 ± 9 to ghrelin: 30 ± 9, p = 0.093) but not in women. In men, ghrelin was associated with less time awake (placebo: 149.0 ± 11.1; ghrelin: 88.0±12.2 min, p = 0.029) and more non-REM sleep (placebo: 263.2 ± 24.1; ghrelin: 304.9 ± 14.1 min, p = 0.027), in women with less REM sleep (placebo: 108.6 ± 15.7; ghrelin: 74.1 ± 13.8 min, p = 0.031) and longer REM latency (placebo: 49.9 ± 6.5; ghrelin: 85.6 ± 14.1 min, p = 0.019). In both sexes, ghrelin caused strong transient increases of GH and cortisol.ConclusionOur study may provide an initial indication that ghrelin can exert antidepressant effects in patients with major depression. Ghrelin strongly affected sleep and secretion of GH and cortisol in a partly different way as previously reported in healthy subjects.
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Mohamed, Abdul-Razak M., Sajed S. Al-Noor, and Watfaa A. Jassim. "Morphology, Age and Growth of Bunni, Barbus sharpeyi Gunther, 1874 in Swab marsh, south Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v9i1.215.
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Morphology, age and growth of Bunni, Barbus sharpeyi Gunther, 1874 in Swab marsh, south Iraq, was studied from December 2004 to November 2005. A total of 864 B. sharpeyi (100-533mm TL) were collected using gill nets of different mesh sizes and electrical fishing. Twenty one morphometric and seven meristic characters for the species were described in the study. The morphometric characters were calculated as numerical ratio to standard and head lengths. The indices characters associated with standard length ranged from 0.0043 of eye diameter to 1.22 of total length, and with head length ranged from 0.178 of eye diameter to 0.752 of head width. The slopes of the regression lines ranged from 0.023 of eye diameter to 1.142 of total length. Fishes of 200-360mm length groups of B. sharpeyi were dominants in the samples. Total length–weight relationship of B. sharpeyi was W= 3.839 × 10-6 L 3.2017. The mean relation condition factor was 1.001. The annuli on scales formed during December and the growth of the scales was high during the period from February to August and was associated with water temperatures. The relation between standard length (L) and scale radius (S) was: L = 17.737 + 5.0469 S. The age composition ranged from 1 to 7. The standard lengths for these ages were 138.0, 202.0, 248.0, 304.8, 353.8, 393.1 and 439.2mm respectively. The growth of B. sharpeyi in Swab marsh was better than that of at Iraqi waters with the exception of B. sharpeyi at Hammar marsh. The mathematical model of growth as calculated by von Bertalanffy equation was Lt = 650 [1-e -0.138 (t + 0.642)].
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Russo, Luca, Sebastiano Riccio, Giulio Zecca, Alin Larion, Riccardo Di Giminiani, Johnny Padulo, Cristian Popa, and Gian Mario Migliaccio. "Inter-Set Foam Rolling of the Latissimus Dorsi Acutely Increases Repetitions in Lat Pull-Down Exercise without Affecting RPE." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9010043.
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Foam rolling is widely used in fitness, sports, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. However, there are limited data available on the effect of foam rolling techniques on the upper limbs. The aim of this investigation is to assess the effects of foam rolling the latissimus dorsi area during the rest period between two consecutive lat pull-down exercise (LPDE) sets. Seventeen resistance training experienced volunteer male subjects (25.8 ± 3.4 years; 180.3 ± 9.0 cm; 79.7 ± 9.9 kg) participated in this research. Each subject performed 2 training sessions of LPDE in a random order, separated by one week. Each session consisted of 2 sets of maximum repetitions using 85% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), with a 7 min rest period between sets. The rest period condition between sets was different in the 2 sessions: passive rest (Pr) or foam rolling the latissimus dorsi muscle bilaterally for 3 sets of 45 s (FRr). The following variables were assessed for each LPDE set: number of repetitions (REPS), average excursion per repetition in millimeters (EXC), average power of the set in watts (AP) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Pr did not show any significant change between the first and the second LPDE set for REPS, EXC, and AP. However, there was a significant increase for RPE (8.4 ± 0.5 vs. 8.9 ± 0.5 a.u., p = 0.003) between the two sets. FRr resulted in an increase for REPS (7.1 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) and AP (304.6 ± 61.5 W vs. 318.8 ± 60.8 W, p = 0.034) between the first and the second LPDE sets, but no changes were observed for EXC and RPE. The use of foam rolling techniques on the latissimus dorsi area during the complete rest period between sets in LPDE at 85% 1RM appears to improve the number of repetitions and the movement power without affecting the RPE during the second set.
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Vovk, O. Ya, and I. A. Golovanova. "DYNAMICS OF INDICATIONS OF INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT NEUTRALS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND AND CERVIX AMONG THE FEMALE POPULATION OF POLTAVA REGION." Medical and Ecological Problems 26, no. 3-4 (August 31, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.3-4.02.
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Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women, its share in the structure of all oncological morbidity in the European region is 28%. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. We analyzed the statistical data of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine for 2012–2021, data of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, and data of the European Union of WHO as well as form No. 7 “Report on morbidity of malignant neoplasms”, Poltava. The analysis of dynamics from 2012-2021 was carried out. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 25.0. The comparative examination of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix in the female population of the Poltava region with the indicators for Ukraine demonstrates that neoplasms of the breast in women of the Poltava region occur 21.2% more often than in Ukraine as a whole, at the same time, cervical cancer among women of the Poltava region is registered 33.7% more often than in Ukraine. Over the period of 10 years, the mortality of the female population from malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix has shown slight fluctuations. When compared with 2012, the mortality of women from cervical cancer tends to decrease. Hence, in 2020, the rate decreased by 13.6% (from 9.2 per 100.000 people in 2012 to 7.95 per 100.000 people in 2020). However, in 2021, this indicator increased to 9.3 per 100.000 people. The prevalence of breast neoplasms among the female population of the Poltava region indicates a 41.4% increase over the past 10 years (601.7 per 100.000 people in 2012 to 850.7 per 100.000 people in 2021). Over the past 10 years, the prevalence of cervical cancer tended to increase (+ 26.1%). In 2021, compared to the previous year, there was a slight reduction in the registration of this pathology, and there was also a drop in the growth rate (241.3 per 100.000 people in 2012 to 304.3 per 100.000 people in 2021).
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Alison Braley-Rattai and Kate Bezanson*. "Un-Chartered Waters: Ontario’s Campus Speech Directive and the Intersections of Academic Freedom, Expressive Freedom, and Institutional Autonomy." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 29, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29400.
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In August 2018, the Ford Government in Ontario introduced a ‘Directive’ entitled “Upholding Free Speech on Ontario’s University and College Campuses” (the Directive).1 The Directive required all publicly supported universities and colleges2 in Ontario to create a free speech policy by January 1st 2019 that applies to “faculty, students, staff, management and guests,” and includes a) a definition of free speech, and b) reference to various “principles” of free speech similar to those elucidated by the University of Chicago (Chicago Principles).3 According to the Directive, speech that is otherwise illegal is not permitted. Illegal speech includes hate speech and uttering threats that are proscribed by Canada’s Criminal Code,4 defamatory speech which can give rise to both criminal5 and civil6 actions, as well as workplace harassment.7
* Dr. Alison Braley-Rattai is Assistant Professor of Labour Studies at Brock University. Dr. Kate Bezanson is Associate Professor of Sociology and Associate Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Brock University.
1 Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities, “Upholding Free Speech on Ontario’s University and College Campuses” (30 August 2018) online: Government of Ontario Newsroom <https://news.ontario.ca/ opo/en/2018/08/ontario-protects-free-speech-on-campuses.html> [perma.cc/7VXR-K4RB] [Directive].2 This piece is only concerned about the university sector. There are noteworthy differences between colleges and universities with regard to topics discussed in this piece that are unexplored here.3 The Committee on Freedom of Expression, “Report of the Committee on Freedom of Expression” (2014) online (pdf): University of Chicago <provost.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/documents/reports/FOECommitteeReport.pdf> [perma.cc/LAA4-RW43].4 Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 319(1).5 Ibid, ss 297-304.6 Libel and Slander Act, RSO 1990, c L.12.7 Occupational Health and Safety Act, RSO 1990, c O.1; Human Rights Code, RSO 1990, c H.19.
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Princic, Nicole, Matthew Brouillette, Derek Tang, Chinjune Lin, Brad Lanoue, and Victoria E. Barghout. "Analysis of real world patient compliance to everolimus-based therapy among post-menopausal women with hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e12546-e12546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12546.
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e12546 Background: Patient compliance, typically not captured in clinical trials, may have profound effects on treatment effectiveness. As there has been limited real-world data, the objective of this analysis was to examine compliance among HR+/HER2- mBC patients treated with everolimus as a second or later line of therapy in the US across age groups. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims databases were used to select post-menopausal HR+/HER2- mBC women who initiated an everolimus-based line of therapy during 1/1/2013- 7/31/2016 study period. The first secondary malignancy diagnosis was the index date. Patients had 6 months of continuous enrollment in their health plans pre- and post- index, and were followed until the earliest of disenrollment, inpatient death, or end of study. Compliance was measured using medication possession ratio (MPR) during a second (2L), third (3L) and fourth (4L) line of therapy. MPR was defined as total days of supply of everolimus during the line of therapy divided by total duration of the line. Results: Of 645 eligible mBC patients treated with everolimus during follow-up, there were 239, 142, and 80 with a 2L, 3L, and 4L of therapy respectively. Mean age overall was 61.1 + 11.7 years and average duration of follow-up was 718.3 + 304.1 days. Across all patients the median MPR ranged during each line from 0.90-0.92 and the majority (93.8%-97.5%) were highly compliant to therapy (defined as MPR>80%). These results were consistent for patients aged <65 and 65+ years across a 2L, 3L, and 4L of therapy (Table). Conclusions: This study shows high compliance for everolimus-based therapy within a 2L, 3L, and 4L of therapy and this is consistent across ages. This real world data suggests good drug manageability and may provide valuable information for clinicians in selecting treatment for mBC. [Table: see text]
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Ciereszko, RE, BK Petroff, AC Ottobre, Z. Guan, BT Stokes, and JS Ottobre. "Assessment of the mechanism by which prolactin stimulates progesterone production by early corpora lutea of pigs." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 2 (November 1, 1998): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590201.
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Previously, we reported that administration of prolactin (PRL) during the early luteal phase in sows increases plasma progesterone concentrations. In the current study, we searched for the mechanisms by which PRL exerts this luteotrophic effect. The objectives of the study were (1) to examine the effect of PRL and/or low-density lipoproteins (LDL) on progesterone production by porcine luteal cells derived from early corpora lutea, and (2) to assess the ability of PRL to activate phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) in these luteal cells. Ovaries with early corpora lutea (day 1-2 of the oestrous cycle) were obtained from the slaughterhouse. Progesterone production by dispersed luteal cells was measured after treatment with PRL, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or inhibitors of PKC in the presence or absence of LDL. LDL increased progesterone concentration in the incubation medium (304.5 vs 178.6 ng/ml in control, P<0.05). PRL augmented LDL-stimulated progesterone secretion by luteal cells (to 416 ng/ml, P<0.05), but PRL alone did not affect progesterone production (209.6 ng/ml, P>0.05). Staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, inhibited progesterone secretion stimulated by the combined action of LDL and PRL; however, such inhibition was not demonstrated when cells were treated with the PKC inhibitor, H-7. PKC activation was assessed by measuring the specific association of [H]phorbol dibutyrate (H-PDBu) with luteal cells after treatment with PRL or ionomycin (a positive control). PRL and ionomycin increased H-PDBu-specific binding in early luteal cells by 28+/-5.5% (within 5 min) and 70.2+/-19.3% (within 2 min) over control binding respectively (P<0.05). In addition, PRL did not augment the LDL-stimulated progesterone production in PKC-deficient cells. In contrast with PKC, total inositol phosphate accumulation, as well as intracellular free calcium concentrations, were not affected by PRL in the current study. We conclude that PRL, in the presence of LDL, stimulates progesterone production by early corpora lutea in vitro. Moreover, PRL appears to activate PKC, but not PI-PLC, in these cells. Thus intracellular transduction of the PRL signal may involve activation of PKC that is not dependent on PI-PLC.
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Tosta, R., R. Sala, D. Pereira, D. Kendall, F. Elliff, J. Ziemer, E. Adelsberger, J. Moreno, B. Catussi, and P. Baruselli. "109 Effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol on the invitro embryo production of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers and pregnancy rate of the embryo transfer." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab109.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol (PG) on the invitro embryo production (IVEP) of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers (7 to 8 months). For this study, 16 prepubertal heifers were distributed into two groups: Propylene Glycol Group (PGG; n=8) and Control Group (CG; n=7). Additionally, 8 pubertal heifers were used for the positive control group (PUB). All animals (n=23) underwent an ovum pickup (OPU) for follicular ablation on Day 0, followed by an FSH protocol treatment (160mg performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses, designated as D2PM, D3AM, D3PM, and D4AM). Animals from PGG received a ruminal infusion with 250mL of PG twice a day on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, using a drench. Animals from CG and PUB did not receive any additional treatment. On Day 5 all animals underwent another OPU, and oocytes were used for the IVEP (Sexing Technologies commercial laboratory). The produced embryos were transferred fresh to Holstein heifer recipients. Additionally, blood sampling was performed on D4PM (M1) and on the day of OPU (D5AM, M2) for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, via radioimmunoassay) and glucose (hexokinase) analysis. Data were analysed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. No difference was observed between groups for number of recovered oocytes (CG: 14.28±1.9; PGG: 14.87±3.9; PUB: 10.50±2.2; P=0.24), number of viable oocytes (CG: 10.71±2.5; PGG: 10.75±2.7; PUB: 9.50±2.0; P=0.80), cleaved oocytes (CG: 7.71±1.5; PGG: 9.50±2.1; PUB: 6.25±1.4; P=0.14), cleavage rate (CG: 54.2% (7.7 out of 14.2); PGG: 64.1% (9.5 of 14.8); PUB: 59.0% (6.2 of 10.5); P=0.35) and number of blastocysts (CG: 1.71±0.5; PGG: 2.00±0.6; PUB: 3.12±1.0; P=0.71). Pubertal heifers had higher blastocyst rates compared with prepubertal heifers, regardless of PG treatment (CG: 11.9% (1.7 of 14.2); PGG: 13.5% (2 of 14.8); PUB: 29.5% (3.1 of 10.5); P=0.01). No difference was observed between groups for 30-day (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 46.7% (7 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.96) or 60-day pregnancy rates (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 33.3% (5 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.86). In addition, no difference was observed for pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 days (CG: 0.0% (0 of 12); PGG: 13.3% (2 of 15); PUB: 0.0% (0 of 14); P=0.99). Regarding metabolic blood analysis, no difference was observed for IGF-1 (ngmL−1) between groups (P=0.38), moment of sample collection (P=0.06), and interaction of group×moment (P=0.87; CG/M1: 263.36±15.2; CG/M2: 297.71±18.7; PGG/M1: 304.25±26.9; PGG/M2: 332.61±31.6; PUB/M1: 309.16±19.9; PUB/M2: 311.07±18.8). Glucose (mg dL−1) was higher (P=0.0001) for pubertal heifers (91.63±1.4) compared with the other groups (CG: 102.25±1.1; PGG: 107.71±3.5); however, no difference was observed for moment of sample collection (P=0.35) or interaction of group×moment (P=0.36). These data show that treatment with PG was not efficient to improve the IVEP of prepubertal Holstein heifers, embryos from prepubertal heifers treated with PG did not have increased pregnancy rate, and treatment did not increase IGF-1 or glucose blood levels.
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Gulle, S., A. Çelik, B. Lebe, Ç. Ulukuş, M. Bariş, D. Harmanci, M. Birlik, and O. Yilmaz. "POS0628 BARICITINIB AMELIORATES BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY AND SKIN FIBROSIS VIA JAK 1/2 INHIBITON." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5329.
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BackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is activated in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells (AT-II) and is thought to contribute to fibrosis in lung tissue. Significant JAK/STAT activation was demonstrated in fibroblasts, skin biopsies and scleroderma animal models of patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) [1].ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 in the experimental model of scleroderma is a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease and to investigate the effects of the JAK 1-2 inhibitor Baricitinib (BAR) on the experimental model of dermal and pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsThirty-two healthy 6-8 weeks old female C57BL mice with an average weight of 22±3 grams were included in our study. Before the treatment (baseline), day 15 and day 30 (day 30) the same back area was shaved in all mice and skin thickness was measured under the guidance of skin Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (US). US measurements were chosen to be at least >1 cm from the injection area. Whole lung Computed Tomography (CT) scans of each animal were acquired at post-treatment (day 30). H&E and Masson‘s Trichrome staining were performed to evaluate skin thickness, pulmonary alveolitis, and fibrosis. The Ashcroft score was assessed on Sirius Red stained lung sections post-treatment. For the molecular evaluation of tissue fibrosis, collagen and α-SMA levels were measured in skin and lung tissues by qRTPCR.ResultsWe found that BAR resulted in favorable therapeutic outcomes by affecting the inflammation infiltration and collagen deposition both lung and skin tissues. Immunohistochemical results showed that BAR downregulated the levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2.Treatment with JAK 1-2 selective BAR has been shown to ameliorate BLM-induced skin and lung fibrosis at radiological, pathological and molecular measurements.ConclusionAs a result of our study, the effect of JAK1-2 selective inhibitor baricitinib treatment on reducing skin and lung fibrosis in a mouse model created with BLM was demonstrated with radiological and pathological examinations. We conclude that JAKinh treatments will be an important research area for the treatment of SSc and other fibrotic diseases in the future.Reference[1]Wang W, et al. The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in systemic sclerosis and is effectively targeted by tofacitinib. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2020;5(1):40–50.Table 1.Skin and lung measurementsBLM (I)BLM+BAR (II)BLM+PBO (III)PPairwise comparisonMean (SD.)Mean (SD.)Mean (SD.)I vs III vs IIIII vs IIIDermal thickness (with H&E and MT) (μm)430.29 (54.66)308.00 (26.79)452.50 (75.48)0.001a<0.0010.721<0.001Dermal thickness (with UBM) (μm)524.86 (116.21)304.20 (61.45)505.67 (88.09)<0.001a<0.0010.919<0.001Median (min-max)Median (min-max)Median (min-max)Ashcroft Score (0-8)5 (2-7)1 (0-4)3 (2-5)0.001k0.0020.6300.176n (%)n (%)n (%)SSc-ILD in CT0.215ff Absent2 (28.6)7 (70)2 (33.3)ns.ns.ns. Present5 (71.4)3 (30)4 (66.7)ns.ns.ns.aOneWay ANOVA (Robuts Statistic:Brown-Forsythe); Post Hoc Test: Tukey HSD,kKruskal Wallis Test (Monte Carlo); Post Hoc Test: Dunn’s Test,ffFisher Freeman Halton (Monte Carlo), ILD: Interstitial lung disease, UBM: Ultrasound biomicroscopy, H&E: hematoxylin and eosin staining, MT: Masson’s Trichrome staining, ns.: non significant, min.: minimum, max.: maximum, SD.:Standard deviation, BLM: Bleomycine induced SSc group, BLM+BAR: Bleomycine with Baricitinib group, BLM+PBO: Bleomycine with Placebo groupFigure 1.Dermal thickness change with UBM baseline, 2th and 4thweek.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Kastrati, K., H. Rajab, A. Rader, E. A. Aichner, T. M. Karonitsch, H. Kiener, D. Aletaha, M. Bonelli, and H. Radner. "AB0718 Immune-apheresis in patients with inflammatory myopathies, a case series." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4108.
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BackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogenous group of autoimmune diseases characterised by inflammation of muscle and affection of other organs, such as lung or skin. Some cases of IIM non-responsive to conventional treatment with glucocorticoids and DMARDs require treatment escalation. There are only limited data on efficacy and safety of immune-apheresis (IA) in IIM patients.ObjectivesThis retrospective cohort study aims to determine whether IA is effective in treating therapy-refractory IIM.MethodsPatients with active IIM undergoing IA (either plasma-exchange or immunoadsorption) at the Medical University Vienna were included in this explorative study. Patient characteristics and clinical data including serum levels of creatine kinase and concomitant medication were extracted from electronic medical records. As a primary endpoint, efficacy of IA was evaluated four weeks after initiation of IA, calculating absolute and relative change of CK-values as well as changes in steroid dose. Secondary endpoints included absolute and relative changes of CK-values at week 8 and week 12.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2021 25 IIM patients treated with IA were identified, 24 could be used for further analyses. Patient characteristics at start of IA are displayed in Table 1. Subtypes of IIM included dermatomyositis (DM 54.2%), polymyositis (PM 8.3%), Overlap-Myositis (20.8%), mmune-mediated-necrotising-myositis (IMNM 8.3 %), and antisynthetase syndrome (ASS 8.3 %). The majority of patients received concomitant steroid therapy (87.5 %) and DMARD therapy (62.5 %).Table 1.Cohort descriptives:Population, n (n= female%)24 (n=19;79.2 %)Age at Baseline (years; mean [SD];)42.5 [11.5]Subtyp Myositis (%,n)-Dermatomyositis54.2 % (13)-Polymyositis8.3 % (2)-Overlap-Myositis20.8 % (5)-Immune mediated necrotising myositis8.3 % (2)-Anti-Synthetase-Syndrom8.3 % (2)Immune Apharesis within 4 weeks (number of cycles)mean: 9.54,median: 9.5,[IQR: 8; 11.5]Previous DMARDs (%,n)-Any DMARDs-Mean number of previous DMARDs amongst all 24 patients62.5% (15)-Azathioprin33.3% (8)-Methotrexat45.8% (11)-Rituximab16.7% (4)-Mycophenolat mofetil16.7% (4)-Cyclophosphamid8.3% (2)-Ciclosporin8.3% (2)-(Hydroxy)-Chloroquin20.8% (5)-Etanercept4.2% (1)-Infliximab4.2% (1)Concomitant DMARDs (%,n)-Any DMARDs62.5% (15)-Azathioprin20.8% (5)-Methotrexat20.8% (5)-Rituximab4.2% (1)-Cyclophosphamid4.2% (1)-Ciclosporin4.2% (1)-(Hydroxy)-Chloroquin8.3% (2)Concomitant Steroids % (n)87.5% (21)-Dose prednisone at Baseline (mg/day; median [IQR])25 [12.5; 50] (21)-Dose prednisone at week 4 (mg/day; median [IQR]12.5 [0; 37.5] (22)CK-level at baseline (U/ml; median [IQR])970.5 [157.5; 3795.5]Change in CK-values from baselineAbsolute changeRelative change-to week 4 (n=24)median [IQR] U/ml% [IQR]-to week 8 (n=16)304.5 [28.8;2051]49.1 [22.4; 79.3] %-to week 12 (n=15)648.5 [25.8; 3939.3]70.0 [13.6; 87.7] %559 [-7; 3988]63.8 [-5.8; 98.1] %Until week 4 significant decrease in CK-values was observed in 21/24 patients (p<0.01; Figure 1), from median 970.5 [157.5; 3795.5] to 347[63; 1010] U/ml. Median [IQR] dose reduction of steroids was 12.5 [0; 12.5] mg/day absolute and 25% [0%, 100%] relative. No differences were observed within patients of different myositis subtypes. One patient died after 4 weeks, in 15 patients IA was maintained until week 12. Significant reduction in CK-values was observed from baseline to week 8 and 12 respectively (141 [78; 460], 111 [57;338]. Median and relative changes from baseline until week 12 are displayed in Table 1.Figure 1.Individual response in CK-levels from baseline to week 12ConclusionImmune-apheresis seems an effective therapeutic option in refractory IIM, leading to decrease of CK-values and steroid dose.References[1]Lundberg IE. Expert Perspective: Management of Refractory Inflammatory Myopathy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;73(8):1394-1407.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Ankli, B., N. Miehe, D. Kyburz, N. Daikeler, B. Bannert, and T. Daikeler. "POS0516 PERFORMANCE OF NURSE-LED GOUT CARE IN A PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 521.1–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3051.
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BackgroundNurse-led gout care has been studied mainly in managed healthcare systems [1].ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of a structured nurse-led gout programme in a private healthcare system.MethodsA randomised single-blinded controlled trial with two study arms was performed.The inclusion criteria were the fulfilment of the 2015 ACR/EULAR gout classification criteria(2) and the indication for urate-lowering therapy (ULT).The inclusion period lasted 2 years and the intervention period 6 months. Physician FU visits took place at 6 and 12 months from baseline (BL).The achievement rate of the target serum acid level (SUA, ≤ 360 µmol/l) at the 6-month-FU served as the primary endpoint.In the intervention group, during the first six months after inclusion, a structured treat-to-target (T2T)-programme led by trained nurses was performed. In both groups, the patients were followed by their treating physicians without specific recommendations.We performed descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and compared using Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables were compared using Student’s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test in case of non-normal distribution.ResultsA total of 46 patients were included, of which 19 were randomised to the intervention group and 27 to the control group. Dropouts occurred in 6 patients in the intervention group and 3 in the control group. The median age was 69 years, and a pronounced male overrepresentation was found. 38% of the patients in the intervention group vs 53% in the control group were obese. Alcohol consumption was frequent in both groups (63% vs 59% of the patients). At BL, most patients were under an anti-inflammatory treatment (colchicine, steroids, NSAIDs). ULT was similar in both groups with a low median dosage of Allopurinol (250 mg/day at the 12 m FU). BL characteristics and outcomes are presented inTable 1.Table 1.Baseline Characteristics and OutcomeMedians, (IQR), frequencies in %BL6-month-FU12-month- FUIntervention (I)/Controls (C)ICICICn pat192716231724Acute flare/arthritis15(78.9%)19(70.3%)5 (31.3%)7 (41.1%)2 (12.5%)4 (16.6%)Oligo-/Polyarthritis751010n pat with tophi8 (42.1%)5 (18.5%)1110SUA [µmol/l]534.0(390.5; 606.3)487.0(411.0; 532.0)339.0 (285.8; 407.8)360.0 (304.0; 445.0)342.5 (295.8; 415)375.0 (268.5; 451.0)GFR CKD EPI [ml/min/1.73m2]57.0(44.8; 87.5)67.0(43.0; 88.5)65.5(51.3; 90.8)75.0(56.0; 93.0)65.5(53.0; 85)70.0(62.0; 90.0)ConclusionThere was no significant advantage over the standard of care regarding SUA reduction. However, the intervention patients showed twice as often impaired kidney function (grade 3-5) and tophaceous gout. Nevertheless, these patients reduced SUA levels better after 6 months (36% vs 26% reduction) and 64% of them achieved the SUA target after 12 months (vs 47% in the control group).References[1]Doherty, M.; Jenkins, W.; Richardson, H.; Sarmanova, A.; Abhishek, A.; Zhang, W. Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Care Involving Education and Engagement of Patients and a Treat-to-Target Urate-Lowering Strategy versus Usual Care for Gout: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet 2018, 392 (10156), 1403–1412.[2]Neogi, T.; Jansen, T. L. T. A.; Dalbeth, N; Nuki, G.; Ogdie, A.; Taylor, W. J. 2015 Gout Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2015, 74 (10), 1789–1798.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Obuhova, O. V., A. S. Bogomazova, A. N. Meshkov, and M. V. Ezhov. "Economic aspects of the cardiology program expansion of additional drugs provision by effective lipidlowering drugs for hypercholesterolemia control." Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice, no. 4 (March 4, 2024): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2023-4-108-119.
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The federal program of preferential drug provision in cardiology shows its effectiveness. However, hypercholesterolemia (HCH) remains a significant problem in patients in whom high-dose statin therapy does not provide the target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol). The solution to the problem lies in the plane of prescribing lipid-lowering drugs of a different mechanism of action, for example, inhibitors of the PCSK9 enzyme. To recommend the inclusion of such kind drugs in the program, it is necessary not only to have evidence of their life-saving effect, but also the economic feasibility of their use. Aim: to evaluate the economic efficacy of alirocumab (INN) including in the federal program for patients who have suffered an acute coronary event, are receiving statins and have an LDL CH level of 5.0 mmol/l and higher.Materials and methods. Modeling was applied in a target group of 3029 patients of working age who had undergone ACS during the previous 12 months with severe, including familial, HCH, with LDL cholesterol 5.0 mmol/l and higher, receiving statins taking into account previously determined outcomes when using alirocumab + statins for 5 years. Direct medical and non-medical costs, as well as indirect costs, are identified. The cost-effectiveness analysis was applied from the point of view of the effectiveness of treatment (effects on mortality, temporary disability, disability) and direct health care costs (additional drug provision and outpatient follow-up, specialized, including high-tech, medical care in a 24‑hour hospital). Two healthcare technologies were compared: statin therapy and use of alirocumab + statins. The calculations used according to domestic methods used the cost of medical treatment, temporary disability, hospitalizations, loss of GDP and other parameters.Results. Modeling has shown a decrease in mortality, morbidity and disability when using alirocumab in even the first year of use. The economic effect of alirocumab from a decrease in temporary disability in the 1st year is 304.5 mln rub., in the 2nd — 301.5 mln rub., in the 3rd — 321.1 mln rub., in the 4th — 333.1 mln rub. The estimated amount of prevented GDP losses from mortality in the target group for 4 years in the case of alirocumab use amounted to 1,260.2 mln rub. The annual amount of avoidable GDP losses from mortality in the target group in the case of alirocumab is 27–30 %. The annual average savings per patient in the case of alirocumab use are from 7 to 17 %. The greatest impact on reducing losses from disability and mortality of the target group is noted in the group of people aged 40–59 years. Only for this group, if alirocumab is used, it is possible to reduce losses from disability and mortality by 159.2 million rubles per year (83 % of the total economic effect). Starting from the 4th year of alirocumab use, it is possible to obtain a positive economic effect in terms of hospitalization costs.Conclusion. When alirocumab is included in the program of additional drug provision in cardiology, the share of costs for the purchase of alirocumab for the target group may be only 0.01 %. At the same time, the economic effect of inclusion in the first year alone will amount to at least 393.4 million rubles of budget funds. The total amount of avoidable losses due to the alirocumab usage may amount to 1,638 million rubles over 4 years.
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Nero, Alecia C., Theresa Nguyen Kinard, Beverley Adams-Huet, Karen Matevosyan, and Ravindra Sarode. "Determinants of Inter-Procedure Interval in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia Enrolled a Chronic Red Blood Cell Exchange Program." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4284.4284.
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Abstract Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetically inherited disorder that can lead to severe sequelae in any organ system. The most clinically devastating complications, e.g. stroke, are managed with chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as curing the underlying SCA is often not an option. Chronic RBC exchange (RBCx), is an effective alternative to simple transfusions and often performed every 4-5 weeks. Isovolemic Hemodilution-Red Blood Cell Exchange (IHD-RBCx) is a modified RBCx method used at UT Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) and increases the time interval between transfusions, i.e. inter-procedure interval (IPI), up to 9 weeks while maintaining the desired hemoglobin S targets at safe levels. This minimizes the overall lifetime procedures and blood exposures. The standard operating procedure for IHD-RBCx is published (Matevosyan et al, 2012). However, we observed IPI variability between patients in this chronic IHD-RBCx program. We sought to analyze hematologic characteristics in a cohort of adult SCA patients that may be associated with this noted variability. Methods: This IRB approved cross-sectional study evaluated medical and blood bank records of adult patients with SCA, i.e. hemoglobin SS or Sβ0 thalassemia genotypes, undergoing chronic IHD-RBCx at UTSW adult hospital sites between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. Excluded participants were those with autoimmune disease, non-compliance with IHD-RBCx leading to delays > 7 days, or use of hydroxyurea or steroids within four months of the study period. Patients with < 5 exchanges were excluded as several procedures are needed to determine baseline IPIs. The primary indication for IHD-RBCx was secondary stroke prevention. Three subjects had alternative indications (i.e. recurrent severe acute chest syndrome that failed hydroxyurea therapy, intractable pain and severe anemia ineligible for iron chelation due to end-stage renal disease). Median values during the 2 year study were determined for the IPI, laboratory, and RBC properties for use in subsequent analyses. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine variables predictive of IPI. Results: Twenty-four SCA patients in this chronic IHD-RBCx transfusion program met inclusion criteria of which 14 (58.3%) were female with age range 18-41 years. Three subjects had incomplete data. The median number of packed RBC (pRBC) units per IHD-RBCx was 8 (range: 6-11 units). The median volume per unit of pRBCs was 304.5 mL (range: 298.8-326.5 mL) with average age of the pRBCs 5.8 days ± 0.7 days. The median IPI was 55.8 days (range: 36.0-65.5 days). The strongest correlation with IPI was the change from the mid to post-procedure hemoglobin and hematocrit values, r=0.56, p=0.005 and r=0.57, p=0.003, respectively. Participants with documented direct antiglobulin test positivity (n=7), compared to those who remained negative (n=16), had 4.9 days increased IPI. This difference was not statistically significant, p=0.19. ABO differences in blood type also did not show statistical significant differences. However, A+ subjects had a 58 day interval compared to 51, 52, 53 days for B+, O+, O- respectively (Figure). In multiple regression models, log blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and post-procedure white blood cell count (WBC) were found to be independent predictors of IPI, beta=-11.3, p=0.04 and -2.1, p=0.03 respectively, with adjusted R2=0.31. Conclusions: Chronic IHD-RBCx effectively treats severe SCA complications. Discontinuing transfusions lead to repeat stroke events or the recurrence of disease manifestations making chronic transfusion programs an indefinite therapy. Outside of the expected correlation between the IPI and hemoglobin/hematocrit, WBC and BUN were found to have negative associations with IPIs. The decrease in WBCs is likely due to the direct clearing effect by the operating system. The association between BUN and IPI may imply relationship with renal function. Interestingly, association with creatinine was not statistically significant. The study is limited by the small sample size. Future studies of similar cohorts should prospectively evaluate target mechanisms which may lead to interventions that can minimize lifetime blood exposures given the growing demands for continued RBCx in severe SCA. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mendonça, Rafaela, Angelica A. Silveira, Fernando Vieira Pericole, Cecilia Seguin, Flavia C. Leonardo, Sara T. Olalla Saad, Fernando F. Costa, and Nicola Conran. "Inflammasome-Dependent IL-1β Release from Neutrophils in Human Sickle Cell Anemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.854.854.
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Abstract Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with a chronic inflammatory state. The inflammasome complex, responsible for IL-1β and IL-18 cytokine maturation and release, is formed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as the NLRP3 protein, which recognize damage (or pathogen) associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), in turn recruiting the ASC adapter protein, and cleaving pro-caspase-1, which processes pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their bioactive forms. While elevated plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels have been reported in SCA, organization of the inflammasome and its components, and the cells in which this occurs, have yet to be identified in the disease. We aimed to determine whether inflammasome assembly occurs in the leukocytes of individuals with SCA, and associate this formation with levels of some circulating inflammatory DAMPs. Leukocytes (separated by ficoll or percoll gradients) and plasma were obtained from healthy control individuals (CON) and SCA patients in steady state (SCA) not on hydroxyurea therapy. Plasma cytokines and DAMPs were quantified by colorimetric/ bioluminescence assays/ ELISA. Caspase-1 activity was determined in phenotypically-characterized leukocyte populations by flow cytometry (Fam-FlicaTM kit). Both IL-1β and IL-18, hallmarks of inflammasome formation, were significantly increased in SCA plasma, compared to CON (IL-1β: 0.531±0.221, 0.056±0.026 pg/ml; IL-18: 884.0±240.7, 304.8±32.4 pg/ml, for SCA [N=13] and CON [N=11], respectively; P<0.01). Caspase-1 activity was augmented in SCA neutrophils, when compared to CON (2.16±0.36 %, 0.86±0.09 % caspase-1 positivity [N=10/13], respectively; P<0.001), the equivalent of approximately 8.47±1.78 x104 caspase-positive neutrophils/ml in the circulation of these patients. This augmented caspase-1 activity was associated with an elevated secretion of IL-1β from SCA neutrophils, compared to that of CON neutrophils (10.6±1.5 pg/106 cells, 2.1±0.5 pg/106 cells [N=8/9] respectively; P<0.001, during 2h, 37oC). In contrast, although some basal caspase-1 activity was observed in CON CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocytes, this activity was not significantly different in SCA monocytes (P>0.05). Accordingly, IL-1β secretion from SCA monocytes was not significantly augmented (P>0.05). Interestingly, while caspase-1 inhibition (co-incubation with 40 µM YVAD-FMK) abrogated IL-1β release from SCA neutrophils (2x106 cell/ml) during 2 h (decreased from 18.9±1.9 pg/ml to 9.8±1.1 pg/ml; N=5, P<0.05), consistent with inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production, NLRP3 inhibition (5µM MCC950 co-incubation) did not affect SCA neutrophil IL-1β release (18.6±3.0 pg/ml; N=5), suggesting that an alternative PPR may participate in the SCA neutrophil inflammasome [MCC 950 inhibitor efficiency was confirmed using a NLRP3 neutrophil inflammasome control]. Furthermore, confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence indicated augmented ASC activity in unstimulated SCA neutrophils, compared to CON neutrophils (Figure 1). We also determined the concentrations of some circulating DAMPs in CON [N≥7] and SCA [N≥11] subjects. Heme, HSP70 and HMGB1 were all significantly (P<0.05) elevated in SCA plasma, compared to CON plasma (Heme: 18.9±2.7, 62.6±7.8 µM; HSP70: 5.53±0.51, 9.41±1.09; HMGB1: 1.6±0.25, 3.6±0.5; for CON and SCA, respectively), while no significant modulations in ATP or IL-33 were observed in SCA plasma (data not shown; P>0.05). However, no significant correlations were observed between DAMP concentrations and plasma IL-1β or neutrophil caspase activity (P>0.05). In conclusion, data indicate that augmented inflammasome assembly occurs in the neutrophils of individuals with SCA; in contrast, we found no evidence of augmented inflammasome activation in the monocytes of these same individuals. Given the high number of neutrophils in the circulation of SCA patients, it seems reasonable to assume that these cells may contribute to augmented IL-1β and IL-18 processing in this disease. DAMPs, associated with both red cell destruction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, were found elevated in the plasma of the SCA individuals studied and may, collectively, contribute to triggering inflammatory pathways, including inflammasome formation. In conclusion, we present data to confirm that inflammasome assembly occurs in sickle cell anemia and may represent a therapeutic target for SCA. Disclosures Conran: Bayer AG: Research Funding.
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Oliva, Esther Natalie, Maria Cuzzola, Roberto Latagliata, Francesca Ronco, D'Errigo Maria Grazia, Morabito Fortunato, Galimberti Sara, et al. "Gene Expression Changes in Bone Marrow of MDS Patients with Del(5q) During Lenalidomide Treatment." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2622.2622.
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Abstract Abstract 2622 Poster Board II-598 Introduction: Genetic alterations reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are not disease-specific and the underlying molecular causes of the disease remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that one or more of the genes mapping within the commonly deleted region of the 5q syndrome, together with other distant genes, may be critical to the development of the 5q syndrome. Potential candidate genes have been identified including the tumor suppressor gene SPARC, and the ribosomial protein gene, RPS14. Haploinsufficiency of RPS14 has been demonstrated and recent evidence indicates RPS14 as a causal gene for the 5q syndrome. Lenalidomide has proven efficacy in MDS patients with del(5q). Rapid and durable responses include transfusion-independence, with a rise in Hb, suppression of the 5q-deletion clone and improvement in bone marrow morphologic features. Methods: In a multicenter Italian phase II trial to evaluate safety, changes in quality of life and efficacy of lenalidomide in primary MDS patients with del(5q) and low or Int-1 risk IPSS, we investigate changes in bone marrow cytogenetics and gene expression patterns during treatment. The starting dose of lenalidomide is 10 mg p.o once daily on a continuous daily schedule for a maximum of 12 months. Dosing is based upon clinical and laboratory findings. Bone marrow cytogenetics and gene expression profiling are performed on study entry and every 12 weeks up to end of study (week 52). Gene expression assays of 51 candidate genes from the published literature and genomic databases have been selected and are carried out with TaqMan® Low Density Array Fluidic card (TaqMan® Human Array, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) based on Applied Biosystems PRISM® 7900HT comparative dd CT method, according to manufacturer's instructions. Using an 18S mRNA gene pre-designed assay from Applied Biosystems to detect the expression of the housekeeping gene 18S in each sample, target gene expression is normalized with 18S gene expression derived from a bone marrow pool of normal healthy subjects and for each sample the ratio between the target and 18S are expressed. Results: Baseline values for 23 patients (mean age 73 ± 10 years) are available and 16 have been re-evaluated after 12 weeks. Mean Hb was 8.6 ± 0.9 g/dL and 20 patients were transfusion-dependent. Seven patients had additional cytogenetic abnormalities. At baseline, RPS14 was under-expressed in 19 out of 21 patients evaluated. After 12 weeks RPS14 was re-evaluated in 13 patients: all had erythroid responses and RPS14 increased significantly from 0.07 (IQ Range 0.03–0.13) to 76.1 (0.73– 304.0, p=0.002). SPARC expression was under-expressed in 15/23 patients and variations during treatment were not significant. Baseline FAS gene was under-expressed in all patients and increased above reference values (p=0,006) after 12 weeks in 7/14 cases. IL7R was over-expressed in all patients at baseline (median 3263.3, IQ range 1998.3–5027.1) and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks (median 0.17, IQ range 0.05–2.20, p<0.0001). TINAGL1 gene expression was very high at baseline (mean 5214 ± 3661) and significantly reduced below normal values during treatment (0.63±0.87, p<0.0001). WTI was over-expressed in almost all patients (median 3246, IQ range 1590–7785) and, though reduced during treatment, still remained highly over reference values at 12 weeks (p=0.148). The expression of the other genes did not vary significantly during treatment. Conclusions: A preliminary study evaluating short-term effects of lenalidomide in low and Int-1 IPSS risk MDS and del(5q) demonstrates that gene expression is abnormal and varies during treatment. RPS14 is down-expressed and a significant increase in its expression is observed during treatment with lenalidomide in responsive patients. There is also an increase in FAS expression; the protein encoded by FAS gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and its interaction with its ligand leads to apoptosis.The IL7R gene on chromosome 5 (5p13) codifies for the IL7 receptor, which blocks apoptosis during differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes. TINAGL1 gene on chromosome 1 codifies for a Cathepsin B-like protein implicated in a number of human diseases such as cancer. During lenalidomide treatment, the expression of IL7R and TINAGL1 are reduced. Further results and repeated testing during this trial may develop new insights in the pathogenesis of MDS with del(5q) and in long-term effects of lenalidomide on bone marrow changes. Disclosures: Oliva: Celgene: Consultancy. Balleari:Celgene: Consultancy. Finelli:Celgene: Consultancy.
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Fox, Michael, Michaell Shannon, Zachary Herman, Bryson Lesniak, Mark Rodosky, Dharmesh Vyas, Albert Lin, and Aaron Barrow. "Poster 158: Remplissage Reduces Recurrent Instability in High-Risk Patients with “On-Track” Hill-Sachs Lesions." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 11, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967123s00145.
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Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare recurrent instability rates and patient reported outcomes (PROs) between patients with “on-track” Hill-Sachs lesions who underwent ALR alone versus patients who had received ALR with remplissage (ALR+R). Our hypothesis was that performing a remplissage in addition to ALR would decrease the recurrence rate, especially among high-risk subjects such as contact athletes. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients age 12-40 years old with “on-track” shoulders who underwent ALR+R between Jan 2014 and Dec 2019 at a single institution, with minimum 2-year follow-up. Exclusion criteria included: prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery, >20% glenoid bone loss (GBL), concomitant rotator cuff repair, and connective-tissue disorder. We then identified a cohort of patients meeting the same inclusion and exclusion criteria who had undergone ALR alone. Patient age, gender, follow-up time, first-time dislocation vs. multiple dislocations, and contact sport participation were recorded. GBL, Hills-Sachs Interval (HSI), glenoid track (GT), and DTD were measured from pre-operative MRIs. The patients were then contacted to determine if they had had recurrent instability and/or revision surgery. We also obtained current Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores. Subgroup analysis was performed on “high-risk” patients (DTD <10mm and contact sport participation) from each cohort. Results: The ALR+R cohort had 17 subjects and the ALR cohort had 51 subjects. There were no differences in demographic variables or GBL between cohorts (P>0.05). The ALR+R subjects had larger HSI (14.7mm ± 2.4 vs 5.7mm ± 5.0; P<0.001) and smaller DTD (8.2mm ± 3.2 vs 16.2mm ± 5.7; P<0.001). There were no difference in WOSI (304.2 ± 213 vs 302.4mm ± 344.2; P=0.98) or SANE (84.3 ± 16.6 vs 87.3 ± 8.9; P=0.94) scores between groups. Only 1 (5.9%) subject in the ALR+R cohort had a recurrent subluxation, and there were no dislocations or revision surgeries. The ALR cohort had 7 (13.7%) recurrent dislocations, 3 (5.8%) recurrent subluxations, and 6 (11.8%) revision surgeries. Multivariate analysis indicated that smaller DTD (OR 0.71; 95% CI (0.56 – 0.87); P=0.001) and contact sport participation (OR 8.67; 95% CI (1.19 – 63.35); P=0.033) were associated with increased risk of recurrent instability. After adjusting for contact sport participation and DTD value, the ALR+R cohort had a 98.8% lower risk of recurrent instability compared to the ALR cohort (OR 0.012; 95% CI (0.0001 – 0.22); P=0.003). Among “high risk” subjects, there was only 1 (11.1%) instability event in the ALR+R group and 4 (80%) in the ALR alone group (P=0.023) Conclusions: DTD calculations can be used as an independent predictor of recurrent shoulder dislocation following ALR for treatment of anterior shoulder instability. For patients with “on- track” shoulder lesions, but small DTD measurements (“near-track” lesions), remplissage is protective against recurrent instability events and need for revision surgery. This may be especially true for “high- risk” patients, such as those who participate in contact sports.
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Koenen, Janaina, Marilene Oliveira, Daniele Hamamoto, Sérgio H. Santos, Ruben Sinisterra, Frederico B. Sousa, Antônio R. Oliveira Junior, Rodrigo Foscolo, and Robson A. Santos. "Abstract P309: Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Data of the Novel Orally Active Formulation of Angiotensin- (1-7), Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ Ang- (1-7), in Healthy Volunteers- A Randomized Double-blinded Controlled Pilot Study." Hypertension 68, suppl_1 (September 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.p309.
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Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous peptide of the renin-angiotensin system in humans. It has several properties, which make it of great interest for healthcare, such as in systemic/ pulmonary hypertension treatment, insulin resistance improvement, reduction of visceral obesity and cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias. In this randomized double-blinded controlled phase I study we aimed to determine safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of the new drug, angiotensin-(1-7) included in Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin [Ang(1-7)/HPβCD)] in healthy adult volunteers, who were recruited in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-two volunteers ( 18-40 years-old ) were admitted to a hospital clinical research ward and remained under observation for two days, during which they received a single oral dose of Ang(1-7)HPβCD (equivalent to 0.35, 1.75 or 7.0 mg of the peptide) or placebo (N=8/ group). Vital signs and side effects were recorded according to the study protocol and blood samples were collected to obtain the pharmacokinetic profile of Ang-(1-7using LC/MS/MS. The oral administration of the novel compound Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD caused a dose-dependent elevation in the Ang-(1-7) plasma levels with a Tmax of 6.5±0.6 hours. The medians of the area under the curve for the placebo, 0.35, 1.75 and 7.0 mg doses were (in pg/mL/24 hours): 837.5±139.8 , 1094.4±224.3, 1415.0±187.7 and 1719.4±304.9, respectively. The Cmax for the 0.35, 1.75 and 7.0 mg doses were 26.1±3.17 pg/mL, 30.7±4.18pg/mL and 44.1±7.42 pg/mL, respectively. We did not find any statistically significant differences among the clinical and laboratorial parameters before and after the study. There were few mild side effects reported in the study, not related to the dose: two volunteers reported headache (one in the placebo group and one in the 0,35mg group) and three had dizziness and sweating in the orthostatic position (one in the 0.35 and two in the 1.75mg group). Our data show that the novel Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD formulation allow the absorption of Ang-(1-7), and is safe and well tolerated. Our results open new perspectives for future clinical trials with Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD for the treatment of arterial hypertension and other conditions.
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Guo, Xiaobo, Longfei Zhou, Baohong Shi, Yu Li, Siya Lin, Yanxia Li, Jianbo Sun, Gang Liu, Jintao Yin, and Chenglin Zhang. "Pyrolytic hydrocarbon generation characteristics of the Chang 7 shale based on different experimental methods: Implications for shale oil and gas in the Ordos Basin." Geological Journal, July 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.5002.
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Shale oil and gas resources are abundant in the Chang 7 shale of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. To determine the characteristics and influencing factors of hydrocarbon generation evolution of the Chang 7 shale, a series of thermal simulation experiments were conducted on low‐maturity shale and kerogen samples. The results indicate that the maximum yield of shale oil are 294.5 and 304.3 mg/g TOC for kerogen sample at heating rates of 20 and 2°C/h, and the corresponding experimental temperatures are 360.2°C and 408.0°C, respectively. The utilization of lower heating rates is favourable for shale oil generation and it is recommended to employ a lower heating rate during in situ heating processes to maximize the economic benefits. The formation of crude oil cracking gas begins when simulating temperature exceeds 528.0°C (Easy Ro 2.6%) at a heating rate of 20°C/h and 480.0°C (Easy Ro 2.5%) at a heating rate of 2°C/h, as indicated by the carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons. The maximum oil production rate of the rock powder sample is 159.8 mg/g TOC, which is lower than that of the kerogen sample. It suggests that certain minerals in the Chang 7 shale may impede hydrocarbon generation. After the addition of pyrite, the highest yield of shale oil is 213.96 mg/g TOC, 33.9% higher than the yield of the original rock powder sample, reflecting the positive catalytic effect of pyrite on hydrocarbon generation of Chang 7 shale. Under geologic conditions, pyrite catalytic hydrocarbon generation may act primarily on the migration of organic matter by macromolecules, which considerably increases the probability of direct contact between pyrite and organic matter. Therefore, the organic‐rich shale with high pyrite content in Chang 7 member is the preferred target for in situ conversion of shale oil and gas in the Ordos Basin.
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Chen, HongWei, Lei Wang, LinLin Wan, LiQiong Xiao, and Xin Chen. "Use of del Nido cardioplegia in acute aortic dissection surgery." Perfusion, July 22, 2020, 026765912093852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659120938528.
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Objective: Del Nido cardioplegia solution provides a depolarized hyperkalemic arrest lasting up to 60 minutes. Single-dose del Nido cardioplegia solution may offer an alternative myocardial protection strategy to conventional whole blood cardioplegia following acute aortic dissection surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 122 consecutive patients with acute aortic dissection undergoing arch reconstruction surgery procedure with cardioplegia arrest from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients exclusively received with whole blood cardioplegia (n = 60, January 2017–December 2018) or del Nido cardioplegia (n = 62, January 2018–December 2019). Preoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively reviewed. Results: No significant difference between two groups in mortality (4/60 vs 3/62, p = 0.964), cardiopulmonary bypass time (168.0 ± 10.5 minute vs 165.0 ± 12.5 minute, p = 0.154), aortic cross-clamp time (91.8 ± 9.0 minute vs 93.2 ± 9.5 minute, p = 0.405), selective antegrade cerebral perfusion time (21.8 ± 5.0 minute vs 22.4 ± 4.7 minute, p = 0.496) and postoperative vasoactive inotropic score (34.8 ± 1.9 vs 35.2 ± 2.1, p = 0.272), neurological complications rate (8/60 vs 12/62, p = 0.523), renal insufficiency rate (5/60 vs 7/62, p = 0.807) and the troponin T level (304.8 ± 111.3 vs 315.0 ± 94.9, p = 0.588), respectively. Mean volume of crystalloid was significantly higher in the del Nido group compared to the whole blood cardioplegia group (1010.2 ± 20.3 mL vs 300.0 ± 19.6 mL, p < 0.001). Patients requiring defibrillation was 7/62 vs 28/60 (p < 0.001), with statistical difference in both groups. Conclusion: Short-term outcomes in acute aortic dissection surgery using del Nido cardioplegia solution were acceptable and comparable to conventional multi-dose whole blood cardioplegia. Del Nido cardioplegia technique is associated with lower defibrillations rate and requires a reduced frequency of infusions that results in longer durations between infusions and may be a feasible alternative to conventional whole blood cardioplegia solution in acute aortic dissection surgery.
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Barreto, Lindsei Brabec Mota, Marco A. Santos, Lucas O. Fernandes Da Costa, Diego Valenzuela, Felipe J. Martins, Maamer Slimani, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Bianca Miarka, and Ciro José Brito. "Combat Time in International Male Judo Competitions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Frontiers in Psychology 13 (March 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.817210.
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This study aimed to synthesize literature data on male judo combat time in international competitions between 2010 and 2019. The search was carried out from May 8th to June 11th, 2021, in electronic databases using the following keywords: (“technical-tactical” OR “time motion” OR “combat time”) AND (“judo” OR “combat sports” OR “martial arts”). After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. These studies analyzed 2,562 international male judo combats over the years 2010–2019. We observed that the average male judo combat time changed (2010 = 202.8; 2011–2012 = 304.8; 2016 = 237.4; 2018–2019 = 189.8 s) after each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018). There was a significant difference between combats that ended up to the regular time and those that needed overtime (Golden Score: 2013 = 3% vs. 2018–2019 = 21%; p = 0.03). There were differences between 60 kg (p ≤ 0.019) and + 100 kg (p ≤ 0.04) categories and the others in 2011–2012. However, no significant difference was found between the combat time by weight division after the 2017 rule changes, although there are still differences in relation to the end of the combats (p < 0.001). There were significant changes in the male judo combat time with each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018), and the data from the included studies point to a trend of homogeneity in the combat time spent between the weight divisions over the years, and an increase in the occurrence of Golden Score. More studies need to be carried out to identify the new temporal behaviors of athletes.
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"Assessment of self-medication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to Rafsanjan Rheumatology Clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic." Rheumatology Research, July 21, 2021, 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32592/rr.2022.7.1.27.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 disease has affected patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Drug adherence is essential for RA control. This study investigated self-medication among RA patients in the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was performed on 288 patients with RA referred to the Rheumatology Clinic of Rafsanjan in 2021. Data were extracted by a checklist. Patients were examined and the type of used drugs, drug dose, and dose change were recorded. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, care during the last year and being over 16 years of age. Data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. The mean ± SD of patients' age was 53.3 ± 12.6 years and 53.8% of patients were male. The mean ± SD duration of the disease was 7.04 ± 6.37 years. Self-medication was observed in all drugs, where Alendronate (100.0%, n = 13), Folic Acid (100.0%, n = 7), Methotrexate (94.1%, n=32), and Prednisolone (89.3%, n = 25) had the highest frequency of changes among other drugs (P value < 0.001). The mean ± SD dose of Hydroxychloroquine increased from 1358.5 ± 304.4 to 1368.0 ± 336.2 mg before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (P value = 0.319). The odd ratio of self[1]medication was higher in women (OR = 6.130, 95%CI: 2.915-12.993), RA patients with academic education (OR = 2.727, 95%CI: 1.037- 7.166), and lower in RA patients with a governmental occupation (OR = 0.277, 95%CI: 0.086-0.893). Self-medication of rheumatoid arthritis drugs may occur due to the positive effect of these drugs on COVID-19 disease and further reduced drug accessibility. It is necessary to plan to prevent self-medication in these patients by physicians.
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Yang, Jinghui, Wei Jie Ong, Rupini Piragasam, John Carson Allen, Jan Hau Lee, and Shu-Ling Chong. "Delays in Time-To-Antibiotics for Young Febrile Infants With Serious Bacterial Infections: A Prospective Single-Center Study." Frontiers in Pediatrics 10 (April 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.873043.
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IntroductionFear of missed serious bacterial infections (SBIs) results in many febrile young infants receiving antibiotics. We aimed to compare the time to antibiotics between infants with SBIs and those without.Materials and MethodsWe recruited febrile infants ≤ 90 days old seen in the emergency department (ED) between December 2017 and April 2021. SBI was defined as (1) urinary tract infection, (2) bacteremia or (3) bacterial meningitis. We compared the total time (median with interquartile range, IQR) from ED arrival to infusion of antibiotics, divided into (i) time from triage to decision for antibiotics and (ii) time from decision for antibiotics to administration of antibiotics.ResultsWe analyzed 81 and 266 infants with and without SBIs. Median age of those with and without SBIs were 44 (IQR 19–72) and 29 (IQR 7–56) days, respectively (p = 0.002). All infants with SBIs and 168/266 (63.2%) infants without SBIs received antibiotics. Among 249 infants who received antibiotics, the median total time from ED arrival to infusion of antibiotics was 277.0 (IQR 236.0–385.0) mins for infants with SBIs and 304.5 (IQR 238.5–404.0) mins for those without (p = 0.561). The median time to decision for antibiotics was 156.0 (IQR 115.0–255.0) mins and 144.0 (IQR 105.5–211.0) mins, respectively (p = 0.175). Following decision for antibiotics, infants with SBIs received antibiotics much faster compared to those without [107.0 (IQR 83.0–168.0) vs. 141.0 (94.0–209.5) mins, p = 0.017].ConclusionThere was no difference in total time taken to antibiotics between infants with SBIs and without SBIs. Both recognition and administration delays were observed. While all infants with SBIs were adequately treated, more than half of the infants without SBIs received unnecessary antibiotics. This highlights the challenge in managing young febrile infants at initial presentation, and demonstrates the need to examine various aspects of care to improve the overall timeliness to antibiotics.
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Abais-Battad, Justine M., John H. Dasinger, Emily C. Burns, Samuel D. Walton, Mary Cherian-Shaw, and David L. Mattson. "Abstract 008: Sex-dependency Of T Cell-induced Salt-sensitive Hypertension And Kidney Damage." Hypertension 80, Suppl_1 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.80.suppl_1.008.
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We have previously demonstrated that female Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats are protected from salt-induced hypertension and renal injury compared to males. There is an immunological component to this sex difference, since genetic deletion of T cells via mutation of the CD247 gene on the Dahl SS genetic background (CD247-/-) normalizes sex differences in blood pressure, though females are still protected from salt-sensitive renal damage compared to males. The current study hypothesized that sex of the T cell is an important factor in determining the severity of salt-sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis via a sex-specific splenocyte transfer by freshly isolating 10 7 male or female splenocytes and injecting them i.p. on postnatal day 5 into either male or female CD247-/- recipients. At 9 weeks of age, rats underwent a 3 week high salt challenge (HS, 4.0% NaCl, AIN-76A), with blood pressure measured continuously by telemetry and overnight urine collected weekly to assess renal damage. All data presented are from HS day 21. Transfer of either male or female donor splenocytes into CD247-/- recipient males exacerbated salt-induced hypertension compared to PBS vehicle controls (+PBS: 143.7±2.9, +Male: 152.8±5.2, +Female: 151.8±3.9 mmHg, n=11-14, p<0.05). Similarly reflected in proteinuria, splenocyte transfer, regardless of sex, also worsened kidney damage in male CD247-/- recipients (+PBS: 191.9±26.7, +Male: 304.6±51.3, +Female: 283.9±37.1 mg/day, n=12-16, p<0.05). In CD247-/- female recipients, there was an exacerbation in blood pressure with the transfer of male splenocytes (+PBS: 144.8±6.1, +Male: 151.5±3.9 mmHg, n=6-13, p<0.05), but no significant change with the transfer of female splenocytes (+Female: 145.3±2.6 mmHg). There was a trend for male splenocytes to worsen proteinuria in CD247-/- female recipients (+PBS: 103.9±11.1, +Male: 157.7±21.2 mg/day, n=6-14, p=0.056), but there was a significant reduction in the transfer of female versus male splenocytes (+Female: 113.2±15.7, p<0.05). Through flow cytometry, we confirmed similar extent of T cell reconstitution in both male and female CD247-/- recipients. These data demonstrate that salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage are amplified if the sex of the T cell or the recipient are male.
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Varlow, Cassis, Ashley C. Knight, Paul McQuade, and Neil Vasdev. "Characterization of neuroinflammatory positron emission tomography biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy." Brain Communications 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac019.
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Abstract Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a neurological disorder associated with head trauma and is confirmed upon autopsy. PET imaging of chronic traumatic encephalopathy may provide a means to move towards ante-mortem diagnosis and therapeutic intervention following brain injuries. Characterization of the neuroinflammatory PET biomarkers, 18 kDa translocator protein and monoamine oxidase-B was conducted using [3H]PBR-28 and [3H]L-deprenyl, respectively, in post-mortem chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain tissue. [3H]PBR-28 displayed high specific binding in both chronic traumatic encephalopathy (95.40 ± 1.87%; n = 11 cases) and healthy controls (89.89 ± 8.52%, n = 3 cases). Cell-type expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence to microglia, astrocyte and macrophage markers. [3H]L-deprenyl also displayed high specific binding in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (96.95 ± 1.43%; n = 12 cases) and healthy controls (93.24 ± 0.43%; n = 2 cases), with the distribution co-localized to astrocytes by immunofluorescence. Saturation analysis was performed to quantify the target density of the 18 kDa translocator protein and monoamine oxidase-B in both chronic traumatic encephalopathy and healthy control tissue. Using [3H]PBR-28, the target density of the 18 kDa translocator protein in healthy controls was 177.91 ± 56.96 nM (n = 7 cases; mean ± standard deviation); however, a highly variable target density (345.84 ± 372.42 nM; n = 11 cases; mean ± standard deviation) was measured in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. [3H]L-deprenyl quantified a monoamine oxidase-B target density of 304.23 ± 115.93 nM (n = 8 cases; mean ± standard deviation) in healthy control tissue and is similar to the target density in chronic traumatic encephalopathy tissues (365.80 ± 128.55 nM; n = 12 cases; mean ± standard deviation). A two-sample t-test determined no significant difference in the target density values of the 18 kDa translocator protein and monoamine oxidase-B between healthy controls and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (P > 0.05), albeit a trend towards increased expression of both targets was observed in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. To our knowledge, this work represents the first in vitro characterization of 18 kDa translocator protein and monoamine oxidase-B in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and reveals the variability in neuroinflammatory pathology following brain injuries. These preliminary findings will be considered when designing PET imaging studies after brain injury and for the ultimate goal of imaging chronic traumatic encephalopathy in vivo.
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Subbiah, Arunkumar, Kristin George, Raj Kanwar Yadav, Soumita Bagchi, Sandeep Mahajan, Dipankar Bhowmik, and Sanjay Kumar Agarwal. "#5841 UTILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF TELENEPHROLOGY AMONG KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN A PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 38, Supplement_1 (June 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfad063c_5841.
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Abstract Background and Aims The importance of telemedicine in delivering renal health care has come to light during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, specialist care to transplant recipients is often limited to urban areas especially in developing countries. Telenephrology offsets this discrepancy enabling quality care to patients in rural areas. But, apart from availability, the true success and future of telenephrology depends primarily on patients’ acceptance. This study was performed to assess the feasibility, patient attitude and acceptance of telenephrology services among renal transplant recipients at our institute, a public sector hospital in a developing country. Methods This single-centre cross-sectional study included renal transplant recipients who availed our telenephrology services for at least 3 months. A total of 100 transplant recipients were selected by stratified random sampling from the list of attendees of telenephrology consultation and included in this study. The study questionnaire was administered in local language by the telephone interview method. Results The mean age of our study cohort was 32.83 ± 9.96 years (16 – 55yrs) and 92% were males. The median number of teleconsultations availed by the patients was 5 (1-20). The questionnaire was answered by the patient himself/herself in 89% cases, spouse in 7% and children in 3% cases. Only thirty-nine (39%) patients were graduates or post graduates. Over one-half (51%) of the patients belonged to the lower-middle socioeconomic class as per the modified Kuppuswamy classification. Prior to initiation of the telenephrology service, the median distance travelled to attend our out-patient department (OPD) was 304.5 Km (6 – 1673 km). Most (87%) of our patients used public transport to attend OPD. Three-fourths (79%) of the patients were accompanied by family members for their OPD visit. Attendees incurred productivity loss due to missed work days in 57% of the cases. The median cost of each OPD visit was 3000 (40-15000) INR. Almost all the transplant recipients felt that Telenephrology service was a right approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. 98% of the patients said that they were confident discussing their complaints over phone while 99% of our patients were comfortable sharing reports over phone. Majority (>90%) of the patients gave a satisfaction score of 4 (out of 5) for their telenephrology experience. The most important benefit (79%) of telenephrology as perceived by the transplant recipients was financial benefit of avoiding travel and workdays saved. Regarding the problems faced during teleconsultation, 22% patients responded that they wish to see the doctor in person to feel satisfied; 5% had problems with availability of investigations locally. Only a small fraction (2%) of patients had difficulty in explaining symptoms over a tele-consult. A significant (97%) patients felt that Telenephrology services should continue in combination with physical OPD services. Conclusion Telenephrology is feasible and acceptable to kidney transplant recipients irrespective of literacy status across all socio-economic classes. In developing countries like India, telenephrology has immense potential to provide quality nephrology care.