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Anaissie, Elias J., Wei-zhi Zhao, Yue-Jin Wen, Monica Grazziutti, Wen Ling, Jeanette Lee, Frits van Rhee, and Bart Barlogie. "Deficiency of Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Analysis of 482 Patients." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.667.667.
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Abstract Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic cancer patients. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation, opsonization, phagocytosis, and cell lysis and is considered an important component of innate immunity. Deficiency of MBL is common due to genetic polymorphisms and has been identified as a risk factor for severe infections among myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). MBL deficiency has also been reported as a predisposing factor for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, a locally invasive infection typically seen in patients with chronic lung disease. The association between MBL deficiency in cancer patients and susceptibility to IPA has never been evaluated. This study investigated whether MBL deficiency, as measured by serum MBL levels, is associated with the development of IPA in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing multiple cycles of antineoplastic chemotherapy including tandem ASCT and post-transplant consolidation chemotherapy. Baseline serum MBL level was measured using ELISA. The frequency of IPA was assessed retrospectively in 482 adult myeloma patients (2007–2008), 50 of whom developed IPA. Association between MBL levels and IPA was analyzed using logistic regression analysis (table 1). Patients with normal serum MBL levels (≥ 1000 ng/mL) had significantly fewer episodes of IPA [(21 in 303 patients; 6.9%); Odds ratio, 0.385; 95% CI (0.212–0.699); P = 0.0017] than patients with low (100–999 ng/mL; 18 episodes in 125 patients (14.4%)) and very low (<100 ng/mL) MBL levels (11 episodes in 54 patients; 20.4%) (Table 1). We conclude that MBL deficiency is associated with more frequent episodes of IPA among patients with myeloma undergoing intensive antineoplastic therapy including ASCT and should be added to the list of risk factors for chemotherapy-related IPA. Baseline MBL level may serve as a predictor for the risk of IPA among such patients. This novel finding may have important therapeutic implications because recombinant Human MBL replacement therapy is now available and could therefore be applied prophylactically to decrease the risk of IPA in MBL-deficient patients receiving chemotherapy. Table 1. Association between serum MBL level and risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (482 pts) Aspergillosis MBL (ng/mL) No (n=432) Yes (n=50) Rate Odds ratio (95%C.I.) P-value <100 43 (10%) 11 (22%) 11/54 (20% ) Reference Reference 100–1000 107 (25%) 18 (36%) 18/125 (14%) 0.658 (0.287–1.507) 0.3218 1000 282 (65%) 21 (42%) 21/303 (7%) 0.291 (0.131–0.646) 0.0024 MBL <1000 150 (35%) 29 (58%) 29/179 (16%) Reference
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Sillero, Josefina C., María M. Rojas-Molina, Amero A. Emeran, Mohamed Kharrat, Johanna Winkler, Habib R. Khan, Fernando Flores, and Diego Rubiales. "Identification and multi-environment validation of resistance to rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) in Vicia faba." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 11 (2017): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17099.
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A germplasm collection of 484 accessions of Vicia faba was screened for resistance to rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) under field conditions. Accessions varied in the levels of rust infection, although no complete resistance was identified. Stability of resistance of the 39 most-resistant accessions was tested in a multi-location experiment in Austria, Egypt, Tunisia, United Kingdom and Spain over three additional field seasons. Genotype × environment interaction accounted for 43% of the sum of squares of the multi-environment evaluation, revealing instability of the phenotypic expression across environments. This might hamper the efficiency of selection suggesting the need for selection in different environments. Three possible mega-environments were discerned in the studied area, Mediterranean (Spain, Tunisia and Egypt), Oceanic (UK) and Continental (Austria). Córdoba (Spain) and Kafr El-Sheik (Egypt) showed as ideal environments for rust resistance screenings within Mediterranean environment. Several accessions (300, 303, 311, 313, 720, 1196 and 1271) were grouped as moderately to highly resistant in the three defined mega-environments. These accessions showed clear differences both in terms of reduced disease severity and high stability, which make them good candidates for international faba bean breeding programmes. Concerning each mega-environment, accessions 300 and 311 were the most resistant and stable ones across the Mediterranean one, followed by accessions 720, 1022, 1272, 1320 and BPL261. On the contrary other accessions (313, 452, 481 and 1196) were the most resistant in Oceanic and Continental environments. However, 452 and 481 were susceptible in the Mediterranean mega-environment. This contrasting performance across the environments was also supported by contradictory performance of the checks BPL261 and Baraca in Oceanic and Continental environments, suggesting differential virulence in rust populations, which deserves further attention.
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Tang, X. D., C. Henkel, F. Wyrowski, A. Giannetti, K. M. Menten, T. Csengeri, S. Leurini, et al. "ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732168.
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Context. Formaldehyde (H2CO) is a reliable tracer to accurately measure the physical parameters of dense gas in star-forming regions. Aim. We aim to determine directly the kinetic temperature and spatial density with formaldehyde for the ~100 brightest ATLASGAL-selected clumps (the TOP100 sample) at 870 μm representing various evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Methods. Ten transitions (J = 3–2 and 4–3) of ortho- and para-H2CO near 211, 218, 225, and 291 GHz were observed with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 m telescope. Results. Using non-LTE models with RADEX, we derived the gas kinetic temperature and spatial density with the measured para-H2CO 321–220/303–202, 422–321/404–303, and 404–303/303–202 ratios. The gas kinetic temperatures derived from the para-H2CO 321–220/303–202 and 422–321/404–303 line ratios are high, ranging from 43 to >300 K with an unweighted average of 91 ± 4 K. Deduced Tkin values from the J = 3–2 and 4–3 transitions are similar. Spatial densities of the gas derived from the para-H2CO 404–303/303–202 line ratios yield 0.6–8.3 × 106 cm−3 with an unweighted average of 1.5 (±0.1) × 106 cm−3. A comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO, NH3, and dust emission indicates that para-H2CO traces a distinctly higher temperature than the NH3 (2, 2)/(1, 1) transitions and the dust, tracing heated gas more directly associated with the star formation process. The H2CO line widths are found to be correlated with bolometric luminosity and increase with the evolutionary stage of the clumps, which suggests that higher luminosities tend to be associated with a more turbulent molecular medium. It seems that the spatial densities measured with H2CO do not vary significantly with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. However, averaged gas kinetic temperatures derived from H2CO increase with time through the evolution of the clumps. The high temperature of the gas traced by H2CO may be mainly caused by radiation from embedded young massive stars and the interaction of outflows with the ambient medium. For Lbol/Mclump ≳ 10 L⊙/M⊙, we find a rough correlation between gas kinetic temperature and this ratio, which is indicative of the evolutionary stage of the individual clumps. The strong relationship between H2CO line luminosities and clump masses is apparently linear during the late evolutionary stages of the clumps, indicating that LH_2CO does reliably trace the mass of warm dense molecular gas. In our massive clumps H2CO line luminosities are approximately linearly correlated with bolometric luminosities over about four orders of magnitude in Lbol, which suggests that the mass of dense molecular gas traced by the H2CO line luminosity is well correlated with star formation.
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Kraleva, Dilyana, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Anne Daly, Catherine Ashmore, Kiri Pointon-Bell, Júlio César Rocha, and Anita MacDonald. "Protein Labelling Accuracy for UK Patients with PKU Following a Low Protein Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113440.
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A phenylalanine (protein)-restricted diet is the primary treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU). Patients are dependent on food protein labelling to successfully manage their condition. We evaluated the accuracy of protein labelling on packaged manufactured foods from supermarket websites for foods that may be eaten as part of a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Protein labelling information was evaluated for 462 food items (“free from”, n = 159, regular, n = 303), divided into 16 food groups using supermarket website data. Data collection included protein content per portion/100 g when food was “as sold”, “cooked” or “prepared”; cooking methods, and preparation instructions. Labelling errors affecting protein content were observed in every food group, with overall protein labelling unclear in 55% (n = 255/462) of foods. There was misleading, omitted, or erroneous (MOE) information in 43% (n = 68/159) of “free from” foods compared with 62% (n = 187/303) of regular foods, with fewer inaccuracies in “free from” food labelling (p = 0.007). Protein analysis was available for uncooked weight only but not cooked weight for 58% (n = 85/146) of foods; 4% (n = 17/462) had misleading protein content. There was a high rate of incomplete, misleading, or inaccurate data affecting the interpretation of the protein content of food items on supermarket websites. This could adversely affect metabolic control of patients with PKU and warrants serious consideration.
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Hilscher, F. Henry, Dirk B. Burken, Curt J. Bittner, Jana L. Gramkow, Robert G. Bondurant, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Andrea K. Watson, Jim C. MacDonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, and Galen E. Erickson. "Impact of corn silage moisture at harvest on performance of growing steers with supplemental rumen undegradable protein, finishing steer performance, and nutrient digestibility by lambs1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz011.
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Abstract Three experiments evaluated delaying corn silage harvest, silage concentration, and source of supplemental protein on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. Experiment 1 used 180 crossbred yearling steers (body weight [BW] = 428; SD = 39 kg) to evaluate corn silage dry matter (DM) (37% or 43%) and replacing corn with silage (15% or 45% of diet DM) in finishing diets containing 40% modified distillers grains with solubles. Experiment 2 used 60 crossbred steers (BW = 271; SD = 32 kg) to evaluate corn silage harvest DM (37% or 43%) and response to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) supplementation (0.5%, 1.4%, 2.4%, 3.3%, or 4.2% of diet DM) in silage growing diets. Experiment 3 used 9 crossbred lambs (BW = 30.1; SD = 4.1 kg) to evaluate nutrient digestibility of 37% or 43% DM corn silage in silage growing diets fed ad libitum or restricted to 1.5% of BW. In experiment 1, as corn silage concentration increased from 15% to 45%, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Carcass-adjusted final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for steers fed 45% corn silage compared to 15% when fed for equal days. As DM of corn silage was increased from 37% to 43%, no differences (P ≥ 0.30) in dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, G:F, or HCW were observed. In experiment 2, as DM of corn silage increased from 37% to 43%, ADG and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Increasing supplemental RUP in the diet increased (P ≤ 0.05) ending BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly as supplemental RUP increased from 0.5% to 4.2%. In experiment 3, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.56) in DM digestibility and organic matter digestibility between silage harvest DM and intake level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was reduced (P < 0.01) for lambs fed the delayed harvest corn silage compared to earlier corn silage harvest. As silage harvest was delayed from 37% to 43% DM, NDF digestibility decreased (P < 0.01) from 64.39% to 53.41%. Although increasing corn silage concentration in place of corn in finishing diets reduced ADG and G:F, delayed silage harvest did not affect performance of finishing cattle. Delayed silage harvest in growing cattle resulted in lower ADG and G:F, possibly due to increased starch or maturity leading to decreased NDF digestibility. The addition of RUP to silage-based, growing diets improves performance by supplying more metabolizable protein and suggests RUP of corn silage is limiting.
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Ballon-Landa, Eric Christian, Karim Chamie, Jeffrey C. Bassett, Timothy J. Daskivich, Julie Lai, Janet Hanley, Badrinath R. Konety, Mark S. Litwin, and Christopher Saigal. "Treatment patterns in patients with recurrent high-risk bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.303.
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303 Background: Patients with high-risk bladder cancer are apt to develop multiple recurrences. Since the association of recurrences with aggressive treatment in individuals with recurrent high-grade disease has not been quantified, we sought to determine whether increasing number of recurrences correlates with higher treatment rates. Methods: Using linked SEER-Medicare data, we identified subjects with recurrent high-grade, non-muscle-invasive disease diagnosed in 1992–2002 and followed until 2007. Using propensity score and competing-risks regression analyses, we quantified the incidence of radical cystectomy, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy after each recurrence. We further restricted our analyses of treatment in auspicious environments, defined as those patients most suited for aggressive intervention: age <70, Charlson 0, and undifferentiated T1 tumors treated at academic cancer centers. Results: Of 4,521 subjects, (59.6%) 2,694 recurred more than once within two years of diagnosis. Compared with patients who only had one recurrence, those with ≥4 recurrences were less likely to undergo radical cystectomy (9.7% vs 12.1%, p value=0.03), but more likely to undergo radiotherapy (18.0% vs 12.1%, p value<0.01) and systemic chemotherapy (6.7% vs 4.2%, p value<0.01). For patients with ≥4 recurrences, only 25% were treated with curative intent, while 43% were similarly treated in auspicious environments. Conclusions: Only 25% of patients with high-risk bladder cancer who recur ≥4 times undergo treatment for curative intent. Increasing recurrences do not appear to alter the treatment course, as patients and their doctors may be unable or unwilling to proceed with aggressive treatment despite mounting risk of disease progression. [Table: see text]
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Hussain, Shabir, Hakoomat Ali, and Syed Tahir Raza Gardezi. "Soil applied potassium improves productivity and fiber quality of cotton cultivars grown on potassium deficient soils." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): e0250713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250713.
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered as the most valuable cash crop of Pakistan. During last decade, its yield has been declined due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Among abiotic factors, improper use of fertilizers is considered very important specially regarding plant defense and yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) of K fertilizer (K2O) on different growth parameters of two commercial Bt cotton cultivars (CYTO-301 and IUB-2013) and one non-Bt cultivar (CYTO-142) during 2016 and 2017. Maximum plant height (124–134 cm), dry matter contents (915–1005%), fruiting point (441–462), bolls per plant (96–139), average boll weight (4.2–5.2 g) and seed cotton yield (2524–3175 kg ha-1) and minimum shedding (43–73%) were observed in plots receiving highest dose of K (120 kg ha-1). The CYTO-103 cultivar was found more responsive to K fertilizer as compared to rest of cultivars (CYTO-142 and IUB-2013). Concluding, ideal dose of fertilizer is very important (120 kg ha-1 in our case) for optimum growth and production of good quality fiber with enhanced seed cotton yield.
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McNicol, D. K., and M. Wayland. "Distribution of Waterfowl Broods in Sudbury Area Lakes in Relation to Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Water Chemistry." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, S1 (December 19, 1992): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-307.
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We studied habitat selection by insectivorous waterfowl in 65 small lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Data on environmental variables (pH, alkalinity, conductivity, calcium, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and area), fish, and littoral macroinvertebrates indicated that the distribution of broods was influenced by differences in invertebrate prey assemblages in lakes with differing degrees of acid stress and types offish predation. Lakes ranged in pH from 4.2 to 7.7 (mean = 5.8); 40% were fishless, 43% were dominated by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) or white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) (YP/WS), and the remainder contained only small cyprinids, sticklebacks, or darters (C/S). Fishless lakes were more acid than lakes with fish. Compared with fishless lakes, C/S lakes had higher levels of DOC and YP/WS lakes were larger. Macroinvertebrate composition was strongly related to fish composition and suggested increasing predation along a gradient: fishless < C/S < YP/WS. pH-related variables distinguished lakes with a taxonomically rich benthos from those with a taxonomically poorer fauna. Insectivorous waterfowl selected fishless lakes over lakes with fish and C/S over YP/WS lakes. Lakes with species-rich, acid-sensitive invertebrate assemblages were not selected over those typified by species-poor, acid-tolerant ones.
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Viberti, G., E. Bognetti, M. J. Wiseman, R. Dodds, J. L. Gross, and H. Keen. "Effect of protein-restricted diet on renal response to a meat meal in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 253, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): F388—F393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.253.3.f388.
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To study the influence of preceding dietary protein intake on the renal response to a protein meal we examined renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to a meat meal in six normal human subjects either taking their normal-protein diet (NPD, 75 +/- 5 g/day) or after 3 wk of a low-protein diet (LPD, 43 +/- 3 g/day; P less than 0.005). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lower on LPD than on NPD (107 +/- 7 vs. 124 +/- 5 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2, respectively; P less than 0.01), as was renal plasma flow (RPF) (NPD, 666 +/- 44; LPD, 605 +/- 43 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2; P less than 0.05). Filtration fraction (FF) was not different (NPD, 0.19 +/- 0.01; LPD, 0.18 +/- 0.01). Urinary excretion of albumin was also lower after LPD than NPD (2.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/min; P less than 0.05). After an 80-g protein meat meal, GFR rose to a ceiling significantly higher on NPD than on LPD (132 +/- 4.8 vs. 120 +/- 5.2 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2; P less than 0.02), even though the percent changes were greater on LPD than on NPD (12.7 +/- 3.3 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.5%, respectively; P less than 0.05). There was a rise in RPF that was entirely attributable to a fall in renal vascular resistance, and FF did not change. On both diets, oral protein loading produced a 200-300% increase in the urinary excretion and fractional clearance of albumin and IgG, but failed to alter that of beta 2-microglobulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Kim, Chae-yong, So Hyun Bae, Min-Jung Park, Min Mi Lee, Tae Min Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Yu Jung Kim, and Chul-Kee Park. "Toxicity profile of temozolomide in the treatment of 300 malignant glioma patients in Korea." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2041.
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2041 Background: Toxicity of temozolomide itself has been rarely reported in the field of neuro-oncology. In an attempt to explore the toxicity profiles of temozolomide we investigated the records of 300 glioma patients in two institutions in Korea. Methods: We reviewed the records of 300 glioma patients who were treated with temozolomide between Jan 2004 and May 2010 at two hospitals of our university at two medical centers in Seoul National University, Korea. The age range of patients was 17 ~ 84 years old with its median of 49 years old. Their pathologies were glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, gliomastosis cerebri, gliosarcoma and others. Temozolomide was used as only concurrent manner with radiotherapy in 46 patients, as both concurrent and adjuvant manner in 93 patients, and as only adjuvant or palliative manner in 161 patients. We classified the side effects by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0(CTCAE). Results: We found 603 events of side effects of temozolomide. Nonhematolgic toxicities were most common (n=482). Especially, nausea(n=135), vomiting(n=110), and anorexia(n=40) were common among all kinds of toxicities. Hematologic adverse events(n=121), for example, thrombocytopenia(n=43), anemia(n=33), and neutropenia(n=20) were the second common toxicities. Some patients suffered from fatigue(n=31). None of our patient presented fatal Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis. In our series, 512 cases(84.9%) of toxicity were grade 1 or 2, and 91 cases(15.1%) were grade 3 or 4. Grade 3 or 4 toxicity were 140 cases(15.1%). Only 27 cases(2.9%) presented grade 4 toxicity. There was no mortality due to temozolomide. Only 4 patients (1.3%) presented leukopenia, which is different pattern compared with the incidence reported in prior studies from western countries. Conclusions: Temozolomide had many kinds of toxicities. However, most of the toxicity was tolerable. This profile could be used to prevent toxic reactions more effectively and improve the patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, we could use these lessons for education of patients during the treatment with temozolomide.
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do Carmo, Jussara M., John E. Hall, and Alexandre A. da Silva. "Chronic central leptin infusion restores cardiac sympathetic-vagal balance and baroreflex sensitivity in diabetic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 5 (November 2008): H1974—H1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00265.2008.
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This study tested whether leptin restores sympathetic-vagal balance, heart rate (HR) variability, and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters, and a cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle for intracerebroventricular (ICV) leptin infusion. Blood pressure (BP) and HR were monitored by telemetry. BRS and HR variability were estimated by linear regression between HR and BP responses to phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside and autoregressive spectral analysis. Measurements were made during control period, 7 days after induction of diabetes, and 7 days after ICV leptin infusion. STZ diabetes was associated with hyperglycemia (422 ± 17 mg/dl) and bradycardia (−79 ± 4 beats/min). Leptin decreased glucose levels (165 ± 16 mg/dl) and raised HR to control values (303 ± 10 to 389 ± 10 beats/min). Intrinsic HR (IHR) and chronotropic responses to a full-blocking dose of propranolol and atropine were reduced during diabetes (260 ± 7 vs. 316 ± 6, −19 ± 2 vs. −43 ± 6, and 39 ± 3 vs. 68 ± 8 beats/min), and leptin treatment restored these variables to normal (300 ± 7, −68 ± 10, and 71 ± 8 beats/min). Leptin normalized BRS (bradycardia, −2.6 ± 0.3, −1.7 ± 0.2, and −3.0 ± 0.5; and tachycardia, −3.2 ± 0.4, −1.9 ± 0.3, and −3.4 ± 0.3 beats·min−1·mmHg−1 for control, diabetes, and leptin) and HR variability (23 ± 4 to 11 ± 1.5 ms2). Chronic glucose infusion to maintain hyperglycemia during leptin infusion did not alter the effect of leptin on IHR but abolished the improved BRS. These results show rapid impairment of autonomic nervous system control of HR after the induction of diabetes and that central nervous system actions of leptin can abolish the hyperglycemia as well as the altered IHR and BRS in STZ-induced diabetes.
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Akperova, Gyunay A. "Comprehensive diagnostics in patients with genotype 47, XXY Klinefelter syndrome." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 94, no. 3 (April 15, 2016): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-3-235-238.
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We undertook biochemical, hormonal, cytological analysis and sequencing CAG repetitions of androgen receptor gene in order to elucidate the cause of clinical polymorphism of Klinefelter syndrome. Elevated levels of LH (19.8 ± 4.2 E/l), FSH (22.7 ± 6.1 U/l), total cholesterol (6.8 ± 2.6 mmol/l), triglycerides (3.3 ± 1.0 mmol/l), and glucose (9.9 ± 3.8 mmol/l) suggested disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Two thirds of the patients had Klinfelter syndrome associated with mental retardation and psychic disorders. Patients with cleft palate and mental retardation and with psycho-social disorders had 45 and 43 CAG repetitions respectively, those without associations 38-40 repetitions. Increased frequency of CAG repetitions was directly proportional to the level of psychic development, social adaptation and professional activity but inversely proportional to the development of masculine sexual traits.
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Kluth, H., M. Gabel, J. Voigt, and U. Schönhusen. "Verwertung der im Intestinum wachsender Bullen absorbierten essentiellen Aminosäuren." Archives Animal Breeding 43, no. 6 (October 10, 2000): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-621-2000.
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Abstract. Title ofthe paper: The efficiency of utilization of intestinal digestible indispensable amino aeids in growing bulls There are problems to determine the efficiency of protein deposition of intestinal absorbed amino aeids, because it cannot be exeluded that the amount of single or some indispensable amino acid (IAA) can influence the growing Performance of the animal. The dependence of amino acid gain on the flux of essential absorbable amino aeids into the duodenum was studied in growing bulls to calculate the utilization rate of these amino aeids. Four growing bulls (Schwarzbuntes Milchrind, BW: 240–310 kg) with duodenal T-type cannulas were fed diets varying in crude protein content. Energy level was 11,2 MJ ME/kg DM. The efficiency for the different absorbable IAA was decreased with increasing nutritional level. This is in contrast with the constant utilization factor ofthe protein evaluation system (AfB, 1995; 1997). The efficiency of utilization of apparently digestible IAA for protein retention was highest for His and Met and amounted to 33 (He), 34 (Phe and Thr), 38 (Lys and Val), 41 (Leu), 52 (Met) und 76 (His) %, respectively. The intersection ofthe regression curve (AA-deposition against apparently digestible AA) with the abscissae resulted in the maintenance requirement of absorbable amino acid. For growing bulls (BW: 300 kg) a value of 4,7 g/d histidine and 4,2 g/d methionine was determined, but more investigations are necessary in this field.
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Papaldo, Paola, Massimo Lopez, Paolo Marolla, Enrico Cortesi, Mauro Antimi, Edmondo Terzoli, Patrizia Vici, et al. "Impact of Five Prophylactic Filgrastim Schedules on Hematologic Toxicity in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 28 (October 1, 2005): 6908–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.03.099.
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Purpose To evaluate the comparative efficacy of varying intensity schedules of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim) support in preventing febrile neutropenia in early breast cancer patients treated with relatively high-dose epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC). Patients and Methods From October 1991 to April 1994, 506 stage I and II breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive, in a factorial 2 × 2 design, epirubicin 120 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 21 days for 4 cycles ± lonidamine ± G-CSF. The following five consecutive G-CSF schedules were tested every 100 randomly assigned patients: (1) 480 μg/d subcutaneously days 8 to 14; (2) 480 μg/d days 8, 10, 12, and 14; (3) 300 μg/d days 8 to 14; (4) 300 μg/d days 8, 10, 12, and 14; and (5) 300 μg/d days 8 and 12. Results All of the G-CSF schedules covered the neutrophil nadir time. Schedule 5 was equivalent to the daily schedules (schedules 1 and 3) and to the alternate day schedules (schedules 2 and 4) with respect to incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (P = .79 and P = .89, respectively), rate of fever episodes (P = .84 and P = .77, respectively), incidence of neutropenic fever (P = .74 and P = .56, respectively), need of antibiotics (P = .77 and P = .88, respectively), and percentage of delayed cycles (P = .43 and P = .42, respectively). G-CSF had no significant impact on the delivered dose-intensity compared with the non–G-CSF arms. Conclusion In the adjuvant setting, the frequency of prophylactic G-CSF administration during EC could be curtailed to only two administrations (days 8 and 12) without altering outcome. This nonrandomized trial design provides support for evaluating alternative, less intense G-CSF schedules for women with early breast cancer.
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ROBERTS, A. D. "Libraries in Africa: Pioneers, Policies, Problems. By ANTHONY OLDEN. Lanham, MD., and London: Scarecrow Press, 1996 (UK agent: Shelwing Ltd., Folkestone). Pp. xx + 170. £35.65 (ISBN 0-8108-3093-0)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796606902.
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This expensive little book, originally a thesis for the University of Illinois, is an artless but sometimes perceptive account of certain library endeavours in British East and West Africa, based on archival and library research in Britain and the United States. It is not a history of libraries per se so much as a study of instances of external aid to the development of libraries beyond the sphere of teaching institutions. In the 1930s, one such source – as in so much of the English-speaking world – was the Carnegie Corporation. Grants to Kenya underpinned a system of circulating libraries, the depot for which was housed in the McMillan Memorial Library, Nairobi; membership was confined to whites until 1958. In Lagos, Alan Burns, as chief secretary, secured a grant to start an unsegregated but fee-charging library: in 1934 just 43 of its 481 members were African. The grant ended in 1935, but the library was still going forty years later.
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Wong, Karen, and Paul C. Adams. "The Diversity of Liver Diseases among Outpatient Referrals for Elevated Serum Ferritin." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 20, no. 7 (2006): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/357340.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to examine the diversity of liver diseases in outpatients referred because of elevated serum ferritin.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of outpatient referrals for serum ferritin elevations made to a tertiary care centre liver clinic between 1999 and 2005. Information regarding serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, liver biopsy, liver iron concentration and final diagnosis was extracted. Patients were stratified into two groups based on ferritin concentration: ferritin concentration 300 μg/L to 1000 μg/L, and ferritin concentration greater than 1000 μg/L.RESULTS: A total of 482 charts were reviewed, of which 119 (25%) had ferritin concentrations greater than 1000 μg/L.HFE-linked hemochromatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-related liver disease were the top three diagnoses.HFE-linked hemochromatosis accounted for 28% to 42% of the diagnoses in all subgroups. The percentage of patients diagnosed withHFE-linked hemochromatosis was similar in the ferritin 300 μg/L to 1000 μg/L and the ferritin greater than 1000 μg/L groups (P=0.067). Among patients with ferritin greater than 1000 μg/L, 63% underwent a liver biopsy. Of those with an elevated liver iron concentration (greater than 35 μmol/g dry weight), 71% had a transferrin saturation greater than 50% (88% of C282Y homozygotes and 43% of non-C282Y homozygotes). In non-C282Y homozygotes with an elevated serum ferritin concentration greater than 1000 μg/L, 64% did not have iron overload on liver biopsy.CONCLUSION:HFE-linked hemochromatosis accounted for less than one-half of the diagnoses in an outpatient population referred for elevated ferritin, suggesting a need to search further for an alternate cause.
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Trewin, Adam J., Aaron C. Petersen, Francois Billaut, Leon R. McQuade, Bernie V. McInerney, and Nigel K. Stepto. "N-acetylcysteine alters substrate metabolism during high-intensity cycle exercise in well-trained humans." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 12 (December 2013): 1217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0482.
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We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on metabolism during fixed work rate high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and self-paced 10-min time-trial (TT10) performance. Nine well-trained male cyclists (V̇O2peak, 69.4 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1; peak power output (PPO), 385 ± 43 W; mean ± SD) participated in a double-blind, repeated-measures, randomised crossover trial. Two trials (NAC supplementation and placebo) were performed 7 days apart consisting of 6 × 5 min HIIE bouts at 82% PPO (316 ± 40 W) separated by 1 min at 100 W, and then after 2 min of recovery at 100 W, TT10 was performed. Expired gases, venous blood, and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected. NAC did not influence blood glutathione but decreased lipid peroxidation compared with the placebo (P < 0.05). Fat oxidation was elevated with NAC compared with the placebo during HIIE bouts 5 and 6 (9.9 ± 8.9 vs. 3.9 ± 4.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1; P < 0.05), as was blood glucose throughout HIIE (4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6 mmol·L−1; P < 0.05). Blood lactate was lower with NAC after TT10 (3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.2 ± 1.3 mmol·L−1; P < 0.05). Median EMG frequency of the vastus lateralis was lower with NAC during HIIE (79 ± 10 vs. 85 ± 10 Hz; P < 0.05), but not TT10 (82 ± 11 Hz). Finally, NAC decreased mean power output 4.9% ± 6.6% (effect size = –0.3 ± 0.4, mean ± 90% CI) during TT10 (305 ± 57 W vs. 319 ± 45 W). These data suggest that NAC alters substrate metabolism and muscle fibre type recruitment during HIIE, which is detrimental to time-trial performance.
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Moro, Maria Luisa, Nicola Petrosillo, Claudia Gandin, and Antonino Bella. "Infection Control Programs in Italian Hospitals." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 25, no. 1 (January 2004): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502289.
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AbstractObjective:To quantify the frequency and features of infection control programs implemented in Italian public hospitals.Methods:In 2000, a questionnaire was mailed targeting all teaching and research hospitals and those with more than 300 beds, and a random sample of 50% of the district hospitals with fewer than 300 beds.Results:The overall response rate was 80%. Fifty percent of the 428 respondent hospitals claimed to have an infection control committee, 43% an infection control physician (average, 1 infection control physician per 2,963 beds), and 33% an infection control nurse (average, I infection control nurse per 572 beds). Having an infection control committee, nurse, and physician occurred significantly more frequently in Northern and Central Italy, where the Regional Authority had implemented a regional infection control policy, and in larger hospitals. Thirty-nine percent of the hospitals claimed to have ongoing surveillance in place, mostly based on laboratory results. Eighty percent of the hospitals had defined at least one written protocol related to infection control policies, mostly for housekeeping, cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing patient equipment, or standard precautions; on the contrary, policies aimed at preventing specifie infections were less frequent.Conclusion:This national representative survey showed that the infrastructure for infection control is suboptimal when compared with the guidelines and surveys published in other countries.
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Mogos, Tiberius Viorel, Claudia Valeria Chelan, Carmen Ionela Dondoi, Andra Evelin Iacobini, and Mihaela Buzea. "The Benefits of Good Nutrition in Preventing Post-Surgical Ileostomy Complications." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjdnmd-2015-0051.
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Abstract Background and Aims: Ileostomy induces important local and general complications. The present study evaluates if nutrition therapy can influence the development of these complications. Methods: We evaluated a group of 43 patients with ileostomy, without general complications after the surgical intervention, starting from the second day following surgery, for a period of 8 weeks. The mean age was 58.2 ±8.7 years and body mass index (BMI) of 28.2 ±6.5 kg/m2. The patients were divided into 2 groups: one following a diet prescribed by a nutrition specialist (group 1), and another with scarce notions of nutrition given by the attending surgeon (group 2). Results: When comparing group 1 with group 2, we observed: obstruction of the ileostomy in 1% vs. 49% (p<0.01); skin abrasions around the ileostomy in 21% vs. 97% (p<0.01); unpleasant odors at the site of the stoma in 16% vs. 99% (p<0.01); mean BMI 26.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2 vs. 19.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2 (p<0.01); natremia 138.1 ± 2.1 mEq/l vs. 129.2 ± 3.3 mEq/l (p<0.01); kalemia 4.2 ± 0.2 mEq/l vs. 3.1 ± 0.3 mEq/l (p<0.01). Conclusion: A correct nutrition of patients with ileostomy reduces the rate of local and general complications related to surgical procedures.
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Fitzpatrick, Michael F., Helen S. Driver, Neela Chatha, Nha Voduc, and Alison M. Girard. "Partitioning of inhaled ventilation between the nasal and oral routes during sleep in normal subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00658.2002.
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The oral and nasal contributions to inhaled ventilation were simultaneously quantified during sleep in 10 healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) aged 43 ± 5 yr, with normal nasal resistance (mean 2.0 ± 0.3 cmH2O · l−1 · s−1) by use of a divided oral and nasal mask. Minute ventilation awake (5.9 ± 0.3 l/min) was higher than that during sleep (5.2 ± 0.3 l/min; P < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference in minute ventilation between different sleep stages ( P = 0.44): stage 2 5.3 ± 0.3, slow-wave 5.2 ± 0.2, and rapid-eye-movement sleep 5.2 ± 0.2 l/min. The oral fraction of inhaled ventilation during wakefulness (7.6 ± 4%) was not significantly different from that during sleep (4.3 ± 2%; mean difference 3.3%, 95% confidence interval −2.1–8.8%, P = 0.19), and no significant difference ( P = 0.14) in oral fraction was observed between different sleep stages: stage two 5.1 ± 2.8, slow-wave 4.2 ± 1.8, rapid-eye-movement 3.1 ± 1.7%. Thus the inhaled oral fraction in normal subjects is small and does not change significantly with sleep stage.
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Sagard, J., T. Olofsson, E. Mogard, J. Marsal, K. Andréasson, M. Geijer, L. E. Kristensen, E. Lindqvist, and J. K. Wallman. "POS0237 GUT DYSBIOSIS LINKED TO WORSE DISEASE STATUS IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 339.2–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.472.
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Background:Based on clinical and genetic associations, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are suspected to have a linked pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis, intrinsic to IBD, has also been observed in axSpA. It is, however, not established to what degree gut dysbiosis is associated with axSpA disease severity.Objectives:To compare presence and degree of gut dysbiosis between axSpA patients and controls, and to explore whether gut dysbiosis is associated with axSpA disease activity, function and pain.Methods:The GA-map Dysbiosis Test (Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway) was used to identify and grade gut dysbiosis based on faecal samples from 44 non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA; ASAS criteria) and 88 ankylosing spondylitis (AS; modified New York criteria) patients without IBD, consecutively enrolled in a population-based cohort study, and from 46 controls without rheumatic disease or IBD (frequency-matched to the patients for age/sex). The GA-map Dysbiosis Test is a validated method grading microbiota aberration on a 1-5 scale (Dysbiosis Index, DI), where ≥3 denotes dysbiosis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare DI between axSpA patients (nr-axSpA and AS combined) and controls, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and smoking. Within the axSpA group, disease activity (ASDAS-CRP; BASDAI), function (BASFI) and pain (VAS pain) were compared between patients with various DI levels by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Finally, axSpA patients were subdivided by presence of dysbiosis (DI ≥3 vs. <3) followed by comparison of ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, BASFI, VAS pain and Evaluator´s global assessment of disease activity (EvalGlobal; 0-4: remission-maximal) by ANCOVA. Analyses were conducted unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, axSpA subtype, gut inflammation (faecal calprotectin ≥50 mg/kg), irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (ROME III criteria), ASAS 3-month NSAID score and cs/bDMARD treatment.Results:Characteristics of the patients/controls are shown in the Table 1. Gut dysbiosis (DI≥3) was observed in 33% of axSpA patients and 17% of controls. DI was significantly higher among the patients (β-estimate [bootstrapped 95%CI] for the between-group difference: 0.34 [0.04-0.65]; p=0.027). In the axSpA group, higher DI was associated with worse scores in all assessed outcomes (Figure 1, panel A). Moreover, presence of dysbiosis (DI≥3) was associated with worse ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, BASFI, VAS pain and EvalGlobal (Figure 1, panel B; EvalGlobal not shown in the Figure: unadjusted β [bootstrapped 95%CI]: 0.32 [0.09-0.55], adjusted: 0.28 [0.03-0.52] for patients with DI ≥3 vs. <3), with between-group differences remaining significant after adjustment, except for ASDAS-CRP (p=0.079) and VAS pain (p=0.064).Table 1.All patients n=132Nr-axSpAn=44ASn=88Controlsn=46Male sex, n (%)72 (55)17 (39)55 (63)23 (50)Age, y53 (13)48 (12)55 (13)51 (14)Symptom duration, y26 (14)21 (11)28 (14)Body mass index, kg/m227 (4.3)27 (4.2)27 (4.3)25 (3.3)Smoking ever, n (%)43 (33)9 (20)34 (39)13 (28)CRP, mg/L3.7 (5.3)2.3 (2.4)4.3 (6.1)F-Calprotectin ≥50 mg/kg, n (%)46 (35)12 (27)34 (39)Evaluator´s global, 0-4, median (IQR)1 (0-1)1 (0-1)1 (0-1)ASDAS-CRP1.8 (0.9)1.9 (0.9)1.8 (0.9)BASDAI3.1 (2.2)3.3 (1.9)3.0 (2.4)BASFI2.0 (2.1)2.0 (1.7)2.1 (2.2)VAS pain, cm3.3 (2.5)3.4 (2.2)3.2 (2.7)IBS symptoms, n (%)43 (33)15 (34)28 (32)ASAS 3-month NSAID score37 (44)36 (44)37 (44)Ongoing csDMARD, n (%)24 (18)9 (20)15 (17)Ongoing bDMARD, n (%)56 (42)19 (43)37 (42)Mean (SD) unless otherwise specified. y, years; IBS, irritable bowel syndromeConclusion:Gut dysbiosis, present to a higher degree in axSpA patients than controls, is associated with worse axSpA disease activity and function. These associations appear independent of gut inflammation and both NSAID and immunomodulatory treatment. This provides further evidence for an important link between disturbances in gastrointestinal homeostasis and axSpA manifestations, and implies that gut dysbiosis may be a novel biomarker for severe disease.Disclosure of Interests:Jonas Sagard: None declared, Tor Olofsson Consultant of: Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Elisabeth Mogard: None declared, Jan Marsal Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EuroDiagnostica, Ferring, Hospira, Janssen-Cilag, Merck, Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Otsuka, Pfizer, Sandoz, Takeda, Tillotts, UCB Pharma, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Ferring, and Pfizer, Kristofer Andréasson: None declared, Mats Geijer Speakers bureau: UCB Pharma, AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, Lars Erik Kristensen Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, UCB, Celegene, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Janssen pharmaceuticals, Consultant of: Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, UCB, Celegene, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Janssen pharmaceuticals, Elisabet Lindqvist: None declared, Johan K Wallman Consultant of: Celgene, Eli Lilly, Novartis
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Pastor Loyola, Victor, Pritam Kumar Panda, Sushree Sangita Sahoo, Enikoe Amina Szvetnik, Emilia J. Kozyra, Rebecca K. Voss, Dirk Lebrecht, et al. "Monosomy 7 As the Initial Hit Followed By Sequential Acquisition of SETBP1 and ASXL1 Driver Mutations in Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-118910.
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Abstract Childhood myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) account for less than 5% of pediatric hematologic malignancies and differ from their adult counterpart in terms of biology, genetics, and cure rates. Complete (-7) or partial loss (del7q) of chromosome 7 constitutes the most common cytogenetic abnormality and is associated with more advanced disease typically requiring timely hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Previously, we and others established a link between -7 and germline GATA2 mutations in pediatric MDS (37% of MDS/-7 cases are GATA2-deficient) as well as constitutional SAMD9/9L disorders where -7 is utilized as an escape mechanism from the growth-restrictive effect of SAMD9/9L mutations. To date, comprehensive sequencing studies have been performed in 96 children with primary MDS, as reported by Pastor et al, Leukemia 2017 and Schwartz et al, Nature Comm 2017. This work established mutations in SETBP1, ASXL1, PTPN11, RUNX1 and RAS pathway genes as common somatic drivers. However, little is known about the clonal development of -7 and the role of additional somatic mutations. The knowledge about clonal hierarchies is essential for the understanding of disease progression on molecular level and for mapping potential drug targets. The rationale for the current study was to i) define the most common somatic drivers in a large cohort of patients with childhood MDS, ii) identify clonal/subclonal mutations, iii) infer clonal architecture of monosomy 7 and track the changes over time. We studied a cohort of 576 children and adolescents with primary MDS diagnosed between 1998 and 2016 in Germany, consisting of 482 (83%) patients with refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) and 94 (17%) MDS with excess blasts (EB). All patients underwent deep sequencing for 30 genes relevant to pediatric MDS and additional WES was performed in 150/576 patients. Using 20 computational predictors (including CADD and REVEL), population databases and germline testing, we identified the most likely pathogenic mutations. First, we excluded germline predisposing mutations in GATA2, SAMD9/SAMD9L and RUNX1 detected in 7% (38/576), 8% (43 of 548 evaluable) and 0.7% (4/576) of patients, respectively. Then we focused on the exploration of somatic aberrations. Most common karyotype abnormalities were monosomy 7 (13%, 77/576) and trisomy 8 (3%, 17/576). A total of 104 patients carried somatic mutations, expectedly more prevalent in the MDS-EB group as compared to RCC (56%, 53/94 vs 10.6%, 51/482; p<0.0001). The most recurrent somatic hits (≥ 1% frequency within 576 cases) were in SETBP1 (4.2%), ASXL1 (3.8%), RUNX1 (3.3%), NRAS (2.9%), KRAS (1.6%), PTPN11 (1.4%) and STAG2 (1%). We next focused on the -7 karyotype as a common denominator for the mutated group. Mutations were found in 54% (43/79), and the mutational load was significantly higher in -7 vs. non-7 (1.1 vs. 0.1 mutations per patient; p<0.001). In 11 patients with -7 and concomitant SETBP1/ASXL1 driver mutations, SETBP1 surpassed ASXL1 hits (median allelic frequency: 38% vs. 24%, p<0.05), while mutations in other genes were subclonal. Notably, these clonal patterns were independent of the underlying hereditary predisposition (4/11 GATA2; 3/11 SAMD9L). To explore the clonal hierarchy in MDS/-7 we performed targeted sequencing of several hundreds of single bone marrow derived colony forming cells (CFC) in 7 patients with MDS/-7. In all cases, the -7 clone was the founding clone followed by stepwise acquisition of mutations (i.e. -7>SETBP1>ASXL1; -7>SETBP1>ASXL1>PTPN11; -7>SETBP1>ASXL1>CBL, -7>EZH2>PTPN11). Finally, we tracked clonal evolution over time in 12 cases with 2-12 available serial samples using deep sequencing complemented by serial CFC-analysis. This confirmed that SETBP1 clones are rapidly expanding, while ASXL1 subclones exhibit an unstable pattern with clonal sweeping, while additional minor clones are acquired as late events. In 2 of 11 transplanted patients who experienced relapse, the original clonal architecture reappeared after HSCT. In summary, the hierarchy of clonal evolution in pediatric MDS with -7 follows a defined pattern with -7 aberrations arising as ancestral event followed by the acquisition of somatic hits. SETBP1 mutations are the dominant driver while co-dominant ASXL1 mutations are unstable. The functional interdependence and potential pharmacologic targetability of such somatic lesions warrants further studies. Disclosures Niemeyer: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Albuquerque, Daiane C. K., Simone M. Scheffer-Basso, Pedro A. V. Escosteguy, Karen D. Brustolin-Golin, Valdirene Zabot, and Mario Miranda. "Residual effect of pig slurry on common carpet grass pasture." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 6 (June 2017): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n6p374-378.
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ABSTRACT This study investigated the residual effects of pig slurry (PS) applied to common carpet grass pasture (Axonopus affinis) for two years (September 2008-March 2010) on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake from October 2010-May 2011. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were 102, 204, 306, 408, and 510 m3 ha-1 pig slurry applied for two years; one mineral nitrogen rate (1,250 kg ha-1 ammonium nitrate) for two years; and no nitrogen fertilization (control). The pasture was cut at intervals of 48, 34, 43 and 69 days, which corresponded to 266, 300, 343, and 412 days after the last fertilizer application, respectively. Dry matter yield increased by 398 kg ha-1 for each 100 m3 of PS applied, the equivalent of 317 and 564 kg ha-1 for each 100 kg ha-1 of inorganic and organic N applied, respectively. The residual effect of PS on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake ranged from 11-45% and 8-40%, respectively, indicating a gradual release and availability of N in PS, which can help reduce the amounts of nitrogen applied to pasture.
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Pfisterer, Kaylen J., Mike T. Sharratt, George G. Heckman, and Heather H. Keller. "Vitamin B12 status in older adults living in Ontario long-term care homes: prevalence and incidence of deficiency with supplementation as a protective factor." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 2 (February 2016): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0565.
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Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, although treatable, impacts up to 43% of community-living older adults; long-term care (LTC) residents may be at greater risk. Recommendations for screening require further evidence on prevalence and incidence in LTC. Small, ungeneralizable samples provide a limited perspective on these issues. The purposes of this study were to report prevalence of B12 deficiency at admission to LTC, incidence 1 year post-admission, and identify subgroups with differential risk. This multi-site (8), retrospective prevalence study used random proportionate sampling of resident charts (n = 412). Data at admission extracted included demographics, B12 status, B12 supplementation, medications, diagnoses, functional independence, cognitive performance, and nutrition. Prevalence at admission of B12 deficiency (<156 pmol/L) was 13.8%; 47.6% had normal B12 (>300 pmol/L). One year post-admission incidence was 4%. Better B12 status was significantly associated with supplementation use prior to LTC admission. Other characteristics were not associated with status. This work provides a better estimate of B12 deficiency prevalence than previously available for LTC, upon which to base protocols and policy. Prospective studies are needed to establish treatment efficacy and effect on health related outcomes.
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Markovic, Dejan, Tamara Peric, Aleksandar Sovtic, Predrag Minic, and Vanja Petrovic. "Oral health in children with asthma." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 143, no. 9-10 (2015): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1510539m.
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Introduction. It has been suggested that asthmatic patients may have a higher risk for oral diseases, both as a result of the medical condition and effects of medications. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the oral health status of children with asthma and to evaluate the oral health parameters according to the medications and severity of the disease. Methods. The study group consisted of 158 children with asthma and 100 healthy control subjects aged 2-18 years. The diagnosis of dental caries was performed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) criteria. The oral hygiene, periodontal status and gingival health were assessed with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (Greene-Vermillion), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs and Gingival Index (L?e-Silness), respectively. Results. Thirty (19%) patients with asthma and 43 (43%) healthy children were caries-free (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between asthmatic and control children in caries experience (for children with asthma mean DMFT=2.1?1.8, mean dmft=4.2?3.3; for healthy children mean DMFT=2.5?0.9, mean dmft=5.2?1.3). Level of asthma control did not have influence on dental health, while dose of inhaled corticosteroid had impact on primary dentition. Periodontal status and gingival health did not differ between asthmatic and control children. However, children with asthma had poorer oral hygiene (p<0.001). Conclusion. Results of the study do not show a relationship between asthma and oral diseases. However, further improvement could be made in educating children and parents on the importance of good oral hygiene and prevention of oral diseases.
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Flouri, I., A. Repa, N. Avgustidis, N. Kougkas, A. Eskitzis, A. Molla Ismail Sali, S. Pitsigavdaki, et al. "POS0580 COMORBIDITY BURDEN IS HIGH IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND SPONDYLOARTHRITIS PATIENTS STARTING BIOLOGICS AND PREDICTS THE INCIDENCE OF SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS DURING THERAPY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 523.2–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3956.
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Background:There is limited information on the burden of comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) in real-world clinical practice and its impact on the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) during biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapy.Objectives:To evaluate the number of comorbidities in patients with RA and SpA initiating a bDMARD in everyday clinical practice and to explore its association with the occurrence of a SAE during therapy.Methods:Prospective study of all patients who start any bDMARD treatment in a tertiary centre University Hospital. All comorbidities and SAEs (AEs necessitating hospitalization or resulting in significant incapacity/death) are registered by treating physicians. Comorbidities’ number was evaluated using two different indices: total comorbidities count (CC) and Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI). Statistical analysis was performed using multinomial logistic and Cox regression models.Results:A total of 799 patients were analysed, of which 428 (54%) had ≥3 comorbidities (Table 1). Comorbidity burden was higher in RA, however in multivariable analyses, comorbidities were not significantly associated with diagnosis, but mainly with increasing patient age. Patients received 1701 bDMARD treatments. During a follow-up of 4019 patient-years, 198 patients (RA:134, SpA:64) had a total of 295 SAE (RA: 217, SpA:78).Each one additional comorbidity in CC index was resulting in 16% increased adjusted risk for the first SAE [HR (95%CI) = 1.16 (1.12-1.20), p<0.001], and each additional comorbidity of the RDCI index was resulting in 28% increased risk [HR (95%CI) = 1.28 (1.20-1.37), p<0.001]. Other baseline independent predictors of the first SAE were greater age [HR=1.04, p<0.001] and use of corticosteroids [HR=1.42, p=0.006].Table 1.Biologic treatments and clinical characteristics at baselinePatients, ΝTotalRASpAp799501298Females, Ν (%)535 (67)404 (81)131 (44)<0.001Age, median (IQR) έτη55 (45-65)60 (51-68)46 (36-54)<0.001Disease duration, median (IQR) έτη6.0 (2.5-13)5.4 (3-11)7.4 (2.0-15)<0.001Comorbidities count, median (IQR)3 (1-5)3 (2-6)2 (1-4)<0.001Patients with no comorbidities, Ν (%)103 (13)43 (9)60 (20)<0.001Patients with 1 comorbidity, Ν (%)134 (17)77 (15)57 (19)0.172Patients with 2 comorbidities, Ν (%)134 (17)76 (15)58 (19,5)0.118Patients with ≥3 comorbidities, Ν (%)428 (54)305 (61)123 (41)<0.001RDCI, median (IQR)1 (0-2)2 (0-3)1 (0-2)<0.001Patients with RDCI = 0, Ν (%)267 (33)128 (25.5)139 (47)<0.001Patients with RDCI = 1, Ν (%)185 (23)119 (24)66 (22)0.665Patients with RDCI = 2, Ν (%)163 (20)113 (23)50 (17)0.057Patients with RDCI ≥ 3, Ν (%)184 (23)141 (28)43 (14)<0.001Total bDMARDs initiated by patients, Ν17011098603Co-administered methotrexate, Ν(%)946 (56)674 (61)272 (45)<0.001Co-administered corticosteroids, Ν (%)493 (29)397 (36)96 (16)<0.001DAS28, median (IQR) (in RA and perSpA)5.8 (4.9-6.6)5.8 (5.0-6.6)5.4 (4.2-6.3)<0.001BASDAI, median (IQR) (in axSpA)--5.6 (4.5-7.0)Conclusion:Patients with RA and SpA initiating a bDMARD treatment in real-world clinical practice have a significant comorbidity burden which increases with age and is an independent predictor for an SAE during therapy.Acknowledgements:This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning» in the context of the project “Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers - 2nd Cycle” (MIS-5033021), implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ).Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Quan, Xiao-Tian, Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi, Qing-Zhen Liu, Sang-Mi Lee, and Wan-Taek Im. "Devosia ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from ginseng cultivation soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003843.
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A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, ivory-coloured and rod-shaped bacterium (designated Gsoil 520T) isolated from ginseng cultivation soil was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain Gsoil 520T was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 on Reasoner's 2A agar medium. The results of phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, indicated that Gsoil 520T belongs to the genus Devosia of the family Hyphomicrobiaceae and was most closely related to Devosia epidermidihirudinis E84T (98.0 %), Devosia yakushimensis Yak96BT (97.7 %), Devosia neptuniae J1T (97.7 %) and Devosia chinhatensis IPL18T (96.8 %). The complete genome of strain Gsoil 520T is a presumptive circular chromosome of 4 480 314 base pairs having G+C content of 63.7 mol%. A total of 4 354 genes, 4 303 CDS and 43 rRNA genes were assigned a putative function. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified aminolipids (AL1 and AL3). The predominant fatty acids of strain Gsoil 520T were C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c (summed feature 8) supporting the affiliation of strain Gsoil 520T to the genus Devosia . The low values of DNA–DNA hybridization distinguished strain Gsoil 520T from the recognized species of the genus Devosia . Thus, the novel isolate represents a novel species of the genus Devosia , for which the name Devosia ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 520T (=KACC 19440T=LMG 30329T).
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Kalinina, A. M., V. P. Shapovalova, V. M. Ryzhov, S. V. Olishevko, N. V. Kondratieva, T. V. Ryzhova, M. B. Khudyakov, and N. V. Kiseleva. "ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AS A PART OF REPEATED MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF EMPLOYEES OF A LARGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 12, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2013-3-43-49.
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Aim. To compare the associations between employees’ health groups, defined by the results of the repeated medical examination (RME), and conventional risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or total CVD risk; to justify the need for RME and identify the priorities for its further improvement, in order to prevent CVD among working populations.Material and methods. The study was performed as a part of a regulation-required RME, at a medical unit serving employees of a large industrial enterprise. A standard examination was combined with the assessment of such CVD RFs as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and body mass index.Results. The RME data were analysed for 3013 employees (51,8% men and 48,2% women). Mean age of the participants was 45,8±12,5 years (44,8±13,6 years in men and 46,9±11,2 years in women; p0,05); Health Group III to 27,3% (26,0% of men and 28,8% of women; p>0,05); and Health Group IV to 0,3% of both men and women (p>0,05). No participants were assigned Health Group V. The study demonstrated feasibility of an extended medical examination without substantial extra costs. This justifies the inclusion of early CVD RF detection and correction in the RME programme for working populations. Among working-age employees with Health Group I, more than one-third (37,4%) had moderate levels of total CVD risk. Among older age groups, 90% and 10% had moderate and high total CVD risk, respectively.Conclusion. The results of this analysis can be used for identification of prevention priorities, both for workplace-based and medical unit-based prevention among working populations, as well as for assessment and distribution of the resources required.
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Petropoulos, Spyridon A., Ângela Fernandes, Maria Inês Dias, Ioannis B. Vasilakoglou, Konstantinos Petrotos, Lillian Barros, and Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. "Nutritional Value, Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Properties of Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in Relation to Harvesting Stage and Plant Part." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080293.
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Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is a widespread weed, which is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value with particular reference to the content in omega-3 fatty acids. In the present study, the nutritional value and chemical composition of purslane plants in relation to plant part and harvesting stage were evaluated. Plants were harvested at three growth stages (29, 43 and 52 days after sowing (DAS)), while the edible aerial parts were separated into stems and leaves. Leaves contained higher amounts of macronutrients than stems, especially at 52 DAS. α-tocopherol was the main isoform, which increased at 52 DAS, as well total tocopherols (values were in the ranges of 197–327 μg/100 g fresh weight (fw) and 302–481 μg/100 g fw, for α-tocopherol and total tocopherols, respectively). Glucose and fructose were the main free sugars in stems and leaves, respectively, whereas stems contained higher amounts of total sugars (values were ranged between 0.83 g and 1.28 g/100 g fw). Oxalic and total organic acid content was higher in leaves, especially at the last harvesting stage (52 DAS; 8.6 g and 30.3 g/100 g fw for oxalic acid and total organic acids, respectively). Regarding the fatty acid content, stems contained mainly palmitic (20.2–21.8%) and linoleic acid (23.02–27.11%), while leaves were abundant in α-linolenic acid (35.4–54.92%). Oleracein A and C were the major oleracein derivatives in leaves, regardless of the harvesting stage (values were in the ranges of 8.2–103.0 mg and 21.2–143 mg/100 g dried weight (dw) for oleraceins A and C, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays showed no hepatotoxicity, with GI50 values being higher than 400 μg/mL for all the harvesting stages and plant parts. In conclusion, early harvesting and the separation of plant parts could increase the nutritional value of the final product through increasing the content of valuable compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, phenolic compounds and oleracein derivatives, while at the same time, the contents of anti-nutritional compounds such as oxalic acid are reduced.
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Shindo, Y., and H. Andoh. "Care by Kampo medicine for toxicities of colorectal cancer chemotherapy: Effect of goshajinkigan (TJ-107) and powdered processed aconite root (TJ-3023) on oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, and effect of hangeshashinto (TJ-14) on CPT-11-related diarrhea." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.601.
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601 Background: FOLFOX is standard therapy of advanced-stage colorectal cancer. Sensory neurotoxicity (SN) with oxaliplatin is its dose-limiting toxicity. We decided to use goshajinkigan (TJ-107) for prevention of oxaliplatin-related SN. We think that the main action is the one with powdered processed aconite root (TJ-3023). FOLFIRI is standard therapy too. But watery diarrhea is severe side effect. We decided to use hangeshashinto (TJ-14) for prevention of CPT-11-related watery diarrhea. Methods: The subjects were 66 patients with advanced-stage colorectal cancer. All 66 patients take TJ-107 (7.5g/day) every day from first oxaliptatin infusion day. Patients profiles were: Male/Female: 29/37, median age 69 years old (42∼84), PS0/1/2/3: 57/9/0/0, clinical stage IIIC/IV: 14/52. Oxaliplatin (85mg/m2) was given as FOLFOX4 (27case), mFOLFOX6 (34) and CapeOx (5). When SN was increased, TJ-3023 was added. TJ-3023 is ingredient of TJ-107. 12 patients had severe watery diarrhea due to FOLFIRI regimen. All 12 patients take TJ-14 (7.5g/day) from appearance of watery diarrhea. Patients profiles were: Male/Female: 8/4. Results: Total course number of FOLFOX/CapeOX was 595/21, and average number of FOLFOX/CapeOX was 8.46/4.2. Relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin were 37.6mg/m2/week. Medicine compliance of TJ-107 was 89%. 20 patients had grade 3 toxcity (neutropenia 18, thrombocytopenia 2). TTP is 8.14 months. Response Evaluation Criteria is CR/PR/SD/PD/NE:1/36/11/5/13. SN occurred in 43 patients (65.1%). TJ-3023 was added to 10 patients. SN was slightly decreased by TJ-3023. There was no neurotoxicity case with functional impairment in this study. By TJ-14, all 12 patients have a change for the better from grade 2 to grade 1 or 0 of diarrhea. There was no constipation cases. Conclusions: TJ-107 seem to prervent acute oxaliplatin-induced SN. TJ-3023 may be related to SN prervention mechanism. TJ-14 seem to prevent CPT-11-induced diarrhea. The continuance of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer can be expected by these Kampo medicine. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Church, James A., Sandra Rukobo, Margaret Govha, Benjamin Lee, Marya P. Carmolli, Bernard Chasekwa, Robert Ntozini, et al. "The Impact of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Zimbabwean Infants: Substudy of a Cluster-randomized Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 12 (March 29, 2019): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz140.
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Abstract Background Oral vaccines have lower efficacy in developing compared to developed countries. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) may contribute to reduced oral vaccine immunogenicity. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial in rural Zimbabwe. Pregnant women and their infants were eligible if they lived in clusters randomized to (1) standard of care (52 clusters); (2) improved infant feeding (53 clusters); (3) WASH: ventilated improved pit latrine, 2 hand-washing stations, liquid soap, chlorine, infant play space, and hygiene counseling (53 clusters); or (4) feeding plus WASH (53 clusters). This substudy compared oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) seroconversion (primary outcome), and seropositivity and geometric mean titer (GMT) (secondary outcomes), in WASH vs non-WASH infants by intention-to-treat analysis. Results We included 801 infants with documented RVV receipt and postvaccine titer measurements (329 from 84 WASH clusters; 472 from 102 non-WASH clusters); 328 infants with prevaccination titers were included in the primary outcome. Thirty-three of 109 (30.3%) infants in the WASH group seroconverted following rotavirus vaccination, compared to 43 of 219 (19.6%) in the non-WASH group (absolute difference, 10.6% [95% confidence interval {CI}, .54%–20.7%]; P = .031). In the WASH vs non-WASH groups, 90 of 329 (27.4%) vs 107 of 472 (22.7%) were seropositive postvaccination (absolute difference, 4.7% [95% CI, –1.4% to 10.8%]; P = .130), and antirotavirus GMT was 18.4 (95% CI, 15.6–21.7) U/mL vs 14.9 (95% CI, 13.2–16.8) U/mL (P = .072). Conclusions Improvements in household WASH led to modest but significant increases in seroconversion to RVV in rural Zimbabwean infants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01824940.
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Siregar, B. A., D. Liantiqomah, Halimah, A. Gafur, and B. Tjahjono. "Screening of endophytic Trichoderma isolates to improve the growth and health of Eucalyptus pellita seedlings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012084.
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Abstract Since its first introduction to the Indonesian forest plantations, eucalyptus has been associated with pests and diseases. As a component of integrated disease management, some biocontrol agents have been developed to manage eucalyptus diseases. Application of endophytic Trichoderma is a critical option in this effort; it has been demonstrated in other pathosystems that the fungus can improve seedling growth and health. This study aims to screen and evaluate the effect of endophytic Trichoderma isolates on the growth and health of E. pellita seedlings. Field isolation resulted in 43 endophytic Trichoderma isolates. The isolates have the antagonistic ability with varied percentages of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) against Rhizoctonia sp. (4.2–48.6%); Cylindrocladium sp. (4.8–43.5%); and Fusarium sp. (3.3–52.2%). Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process on the variables of the growth rate of the isolates and their ability to inhibit several fungal pathogens, the best six isolates were selected for further tests. In general, the use of single and/or a consortium of the isolates increases seedling height and reduces the mortality rate of the seedlings. In summary, the tested isolates can improve plant vigor, which would later make the plant more resilient against root and foliar diseases in plantations.
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Xu, Yumei, Daniel Leduc, Weimin Ye, and Zengqi Zhao. "Description of Tripylella jianjuni sp. n. (Nematoda: Tripylidae) from New Zealand." Nematology 20, no. 8 (2018): 795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003176.
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Summary Tripylella jianjuni sp. n. (Tripylidae) is described from New Zealand. Females are characterised by a relatively long body (1743 (1675-1860) μm in the female and 1747 (1576-1979) μm in the male), outer labial setae (8-9 μm long) and cephalic setae (4-5 μm long) in a single circle, two large subventral teeth in two adjacent stomatal chambers, relatively short pharynx (b = 5.5 (5.4-5.6) in the female and 5.7 (5.3-6.1) in the male), vulva located slightly anterior to mid-body (V = 44 (43-46)), protuberant lips, and long filiform tail (461 (398-531) μm, c = 3.8 (3.3-4.2) and c′ = 23.2 (18-29) in the female, and 450 (362-511) μm, c = 3.9 (3.6-4.4) and c′ = 19.0 (16.0-20.8) in the male), tail with three ventromedian caudal setae. Males have arcuate spicules 37 (35-41) μm long, gubernaculum straight, 14 (12-16) μm long, three ventromedian supplementary papillae located anterior to the cloacal aperture, and a single plus four pairs of subventral caudal setae located posterior to the cloacal aperture on the tail. Preliminary analyses of phylogenetic relationships within the Triplonchida were done using the SSU and D2-D3 region of LSU DNA sequences.
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Ogungbe, Oluwabunmi, Nisha A. Gilotra, Patricia M. Davidson, Jason E. Farley, Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb, Wendy S. Post, and Yvonne Commodore-Mensah. "Cardiac postacute sequelae symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in community-dwelling adults: cross-sectional study." Open Heart 9, no. 2 (September 2022): e002084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2022-002084.
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ObjectiveTo examine risk factors for cardiac-related postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in community-dwelling adults after acute COVID-19 infection.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis among adults who tested positive for COVID-19. Outcomes were self-reported cardiac-related PASC. We conducted stepwise multivariable logistic regression to assess association between the risk factors (existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), pre-existing conditions, days since positive test, COVID-19 hospitalisation, age, sex, education, income) and cardiac-related PASC.ResultsIn a sample of 442 persons, mean (SD) age was 45.4 (16.2) years, 71% were women, 13% were black, 46% had pre-existing conditions, 23% had cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and 4% had CVD. Prevalence of cardiac PASC was 43% and newly diagnosed cardiac conditions were 27%. The odds for cardiac-related PASC were higher among persons with underlying pre-existing conditions (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.00, 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.10) and among those who were hospitalised (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.58 to 5.83).ConclusionsMore than a third of persons with COVID-19 reported cardiac-related PASC symptoms. Underlying CVD, pre-existing diseases, age and COVID-19 hospitalisation are possible risk factors for cardiac-related PASC symptoms. COVID-19 may exacerbate CV risk factors and increase risk of complications.
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Longhi, A., S. Ferrari, C. Ferrari, M. Cesari, E. Palmerini, and G. Bacci. "Late side effects of osteosarcoma neoadjuvant chemotherapy: The experience at Rizzoli institute." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 9508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.9508.
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9508 Background: Good cure rate has been reached in osteosarcoma treatment with chemotherapy, but there are late side effects. Methods: We reviewed charts of 755 patients (pts) with localized osteosarcoma of the extremity treated in 6 subsequent protocols (1983–2000) with Doxorubicin (300–480 mg/m2), Cisplatin (300–600 mg/m2), Methotrexate (3.7–75 g/m2), Ifosfamide (30–75 g/m2). Etoposide was employed only in 47 pts. Results: With a median follow up of 8 yrs (5–20), the median 10-yrs EFS was 58%. 13 patients (1.7%), 9 females and 4 males, had a symptomatic cardiopathy with two cardiopathy-related deaths, and 3 patients needed a heart transplant. The median age of these pts was 13 yrs (4–28). Median Doxorubicine dose = 480 mg/m2. Median interval from chemotherapy completion to cardiopathy onset was 3 months; 7 patients are alive, and 6 died: 4 for cardiopathy, 2 for metastatic disease. 17 second malignant neoplasms (SMN) occurred in 16 pts (2.1%) after a median interval of 7 yrs. One patient had both a breast and ovarian cancer. SMN were: 2 AML, 3 ALL, 1 CML, 3 breast cancer, 1 CNS tumor, 1 lung tumor, 1 parotid tumor, 2 soft tissue sarcoma, 1 skin cancer, 1 ovary cancer, 1 Ewing sarcoma. Eight of these 16 pts died of the second tumor. Infertility related to chemotherapy affected mostly males. Amenorrhea affected 69% of postpubertal females during chemotherapy but only two pts had permanent amenorrhea (39 and 43 yrs). No delay in pubertal maturation was seen in both gender. The incidence of infertility in male was related to Ifosfamide and was dose-dependent. Permanent azoospermia was 100% in males who received 60–75g/m2 Ifosfamide. No congenital defects were observed in the offsprings of both gender. The incidence of chronic renal failure was negligible in pts who received <60g/m2 Ifosfamide; in those who received >60 g/m2 a subclinical tubular impairment was observed in 48%, but only 1pt required dialysis. In the last protocol, a mild hearing impairment due to Cisplatin was evident in 40% of pts. Conclusions: Late toxicities are relevant and prolonged follow-ups are recommended as well as less toxic protocols. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Shi, Y. M., X. Wu, L. Wu, and C. N. Luo. "AB0446 CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 484 SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS IN XINJIANG OF CHINA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1521.1–1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4871.
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Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Epidemiological studies in SLE have been reported in the literature in many countries and ethnic groups. Although SLE in China has been described in the past, there has not been a detailed evaluation of SLE patients in Xinjiang of China, a largely Uygur population.Objectives:To describe the clinical featuresand immunological features of 484 SLE subjects.Methods:484 adult patients followed in the The People’s Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 211 patients with Uygur SLE as welI as 273patients with Han SLE.Results:Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, 195 (92.4%) were female and 16 (7.6%) were male (female:male=12.2:1),the mean age at SLE onset was 34.67±11.57 years, mean disease duration was 20.77±35.16 months.Of the 273 Han SLE patients,247(90.5%)were female and 26(9.5%) were male,the mean age at SLE onset was 36.68±14.44 years,mean disease duration was 41.64±61.89 months.(2)between the Uygur and Han SLE patients,the Raynaud phenomenon(χ2=6.066 P=0.014), Chest pain(χ2=7.906 P=0.005), headache(χ2=4.572 P=0.029)has obvious differences(table 1).(3)The anti-nuclear (χ2=8.108 P=0.004), anti-AHA (χ2=4.952 P=0.026)were higer in Uygur SLE patients than those in Han SLE patients;the Uygur SLE patients has been anemia(χ2=6.904,P=0.009), high level of immunoglobulin (χ2=8.939,P=0.003),decrease of complement(χ2=6.330 P=0.012).(table 2)figure 1. Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestationsUygur SLE patients(n=211)Han SLE (n=273)χ2Prash106(50.2%)157(57.5%)2.5370.111Photosensitivity40(19%)56(20.5%)0.1810.670Alopecia73(34.6%)101(37.0%)0.2980.585Oral ulcers49(23.2%)64(23.5%)0.0060.937Raynaud phenomenon28(13.3%)60(22%)6.0660.014livedo reticularis5(2.4%)7(2.6%)0.0200.866arthralgia/arthritis105(49.8%)159(58.5%)3.6230.057abnormal liver-function8(3.8%)7(2.6%)0.5970.440Chest pain28(13.3%)16(5.9%)7.9060.005Suffocation49(23.2%)52(19%)1.2560.262palpitation27(12.8%)41(15%)0.4870.485Shortness of breath24(11.4%)35(12.8%)0.2330.630Ophthalmia2(0.9%)6(2.2%)1.1540.283Visual impairment1(0.5%)3(1.1%)0.5670.457hemiplegia1(0.5%)0(0.0%)1.2970.436Mental disorder4(1.9%)11(4.0%)1.8040.179headache14(6.6%)7(2.6%)4.5720.029Lower Limb Edem36(17.1%)34(12.5%)2.0420.153pleurisy37(17.5%)43(15.8%)0.2560.613pericarditis38(18%)33(12.1%)3.2730.070pulmonary fibrosis7(3.3%)9(3.3%)0.0000.982figure 2. immunological manifestationsmanifestationsUygur SLE patients(n=211)Han SLE (n=273)χ2Pantinuclear antibodies185(87.7%)212(77.7%)8.1080.004anti-dsDNA115(54.5%)144(52.7%)0.1470.701anti-SSA101(47.9%)149(54.6%)2.1470.143anti-SSB45(21.3%)63(23.1%)0.2100.647anti-Sm44(21%)68(25%)1.0880.297ACL29(13.8%)26(9.5%)2.1610.142antiU1-RNP74(35.1%)100(36.6%)0.1260.723anti-AHA60(28.4%)54(19.8%)4.9520.026Low white blood cell46(22.1%)79(29%)2.9380.087anemia90(42.9%)85(36.3%)6.9040.009Thrombocytopenia36(17.1%)51(18.7%)0.2120.645Urine protein positive84(39.8%)114(41.9%)0.2170.641Rise of urine RBC29(13.7%)35(12.8%)0.0880.766Increased immunoglobulin82(38.9%)71(26.1%)8.9390.003Complement decline120(57.1%)124(45.6%)6.3300.012Conclusion:The Uygur SLE patients have their own clinical and immunological characteristics, which has guiding significance in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of SLE.References:[1]Martyna TS,Hanna SS, Marek F. Clinical and immunological characteristics of Polish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(1):57–61[2]Maloney K C, Ferguson T S, Stewart H D, et al. Clinical and immunological characteristics of 150 systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Jamaica: A comparative analysis[J]. Lupus, 2017, 26(13):961203317707828.[3]Ching K H, Burbelo P D, Christopher T, et al. Two Major Autoantibody Clusters in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[J]. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(2):e32001.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Kraus, Hans-Christof. "Baumeister – Ingenieure – Gartenarchitekten. Hg. v. Jessica Hänsel, Jörg Haspel, Christiane Salge u. Kerstin Wittmann-Englert (Berlinische Lebensbilder, Bd. 11). Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2016. ISBN 978-3-428-14587-4. – 671 S., 305 Abb. (darunter 43 farbige); 49,90 Euro." Jahrbuch für die Geschichte Mittel- und Ostdeutschlands 64, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jgod-2018-0035.
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Chaudry, Mavish, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Emil Loldrup Fosbøl, Lars Køber, Thomas Alexander Gerds, and Christian Torp-Pedersen. "Hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cause of death in Danish living kidney donors: matched cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e041122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041122.
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ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the long-term absolute risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease after kidney donation in living kidney donors.DesignLiving kidney donors were matched to 10 controls from the general population.SettingMultiple Danish national registries were used to identify living kidney donors from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2017 nationwide.Participants1262 living kidney donors and 12 620 controls.Main outcome measuresHypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.ResultsThe median age of living kidney donors was 52 (men 43%). Hypertension developed in 50 (4%) and 231 (1.8%) with a median follow-up of 7 years (IQR 3.3–12.1 years with a maximum follow-up of 22 years) and 6.9 years (IQR 3.2–11.7 years and maximum follow-up of 22 years) for donors and controls, respectively. The absolute risk of hypertension was 2.3% (95% CI 1.4% to 3.2%) and 1.2% (95% CI 1.0% to 1.4%), 4.2% (95% CI 2.8% to 5.7%) and 2.4% (95% CI 2.1% to 2.8%), 8.6% (95% CI 6.0% to 11.3%) and 3.3% (95% CI 2.8% to 3.8%) within 5, 10, 15 years for donors and controls, respectively. The ratio of the 10-year absolute risks for hypertension was 1.64 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.88) for donors compared with the controls. Two donors and four controls developed renal replacement therapy requiring end-stage renal disease during follow-up. The absolute risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes was 7.3% (95% CI 5.7% to 9.5%) and 8.3% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.0%), 1.7% (95% CI 0.7% to 2.8%) and 3.2% (95% CI 2.7% to 3.6%) at 10 years for donors and controls, respectively.ConclusionsLiving kidney donors have an increased long-term absolute risk of hypertension compared with controls from the general population.
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Tran, Oth, Mark Hatfield, Meghan Moynihan, Neel Shah, Laurie A. Costa, Hossam Saad, and Nicolas Despiegel. "Treatment initiation with bone-targeting agents among patients with bone metastasis secondary to solid tumors or patients with multiple myeloma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.309.
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309 Background: Recent real-world evidence is lacking regarding the initiation of bone-targeting agents (BTAs), and time to treatment with BTAs after a diagnosis of bone metastasis secondary to solid tumors (BM-ST) or multiple myeloma (MM), in both the commercially insured and Medicare Supplemental populations. Methods: Patients aged >18 and newly diagnosed with BM-ST or MM during 11/1/2016-6/30/2019 (earliest diagnosis = index date) were selected from the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases. Patients were continuously enrolled in the 12 months before and 6 months after the index date and had no prior evidence of BTA use, skeletal-related events (SREs), osteoporosis or Paget’s disease. Initiation of and time to BTA treatment (i.e., denosumab, zoledronic acid, ibandronate or pamidronate) were reported during the variable follow-up period. SREs prior to BTA use were reported and included spinal cord compression, pathological fractures, surgery and radiation to bone. Results were stratified by tumor type (BM-ST and MM) and payer (commercial and Medicare). Results: The analysis included 8,769 commercially insured patients (70% BM-ST and 30% MM [mean age 55 and 54]) and 4,100 Medicare patients (74% BM-ST and 26% MM [mean age 76 and 75]). Across payers, the most common comorbidities were pain and hypertension. BTA initiation for BM-ST and MM patients was 46% and 24% among the commercial cohort, and 33% and 18% among the Medicare cohort. Among BM-ST commercial and Medicare cohorts, respectively, the proportion initiating BTA varied by solid tumor type: 64% and 45% of breast, 43% and 37% of prostate, and 47% and 34% of lung. Mean (SD) time to BTA initiation for BM-ST and MM patients was 3.0 (4.2) and 3.7 (5.2) months for the commercial cohort, and 3.1 (4.7) and 2.9 (3.3) months for the Medicare cohort. Among patients with BTA initiation, the proportion of BM-ST and MM patients with SREs prior to BTA treatment was 33% and 31% for the commercial cohort and 23% and 26% for the Medicare cohort. Across payers, the majority of first SREs were radiation to bone for BM-ST patients and pathological fracture for MM patients. Conclusions: For commercial patients, about one-half of BM-ST patients and a quarter of MM patients initiated BTA treatment; for Medicare patients, these proportions decreased to a third and a fifth, respectively. On average, BTA initiation occurred within about 3 to 4 months from first diagnosis. The proportion of commercial and Medicare patients with SREs prior to BTA initiation was a third and a quarter, respectively. Results generated from this study should be supplemented by the evaluation of the relationship between bone protection treatment patterns and outcomes associated with BM-ST and MM.
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Lara, Beatriz, Diana Ruiz-Vicente, Francisco Areces, Javier Abián-Vicén, Juan José Salinero, Cristina Gonzalez-Millán, César Gallo-Salazar, and Juan Del Coso. "Acute consumption of a caffeinated energy drink enhances aspects of performance in sprint swimmers." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 6 (August 17, 2015): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515002573.
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AbstractThis study investigated the effect of a caffeinated energy drink on various aspects of performance in sprint swimmers. In a randomised and counterbalanced order, fourteen male sprint swimmers performed two acute experimental trials after the ingestion of a caffeinated energy drink (3 mg/kg) or after the ingestion of the same energy drink without caffeine (0 mg/kg; placebo). After 60 min of ingestion of the beverages, the swimmers performed a countermovement jump, a maximal handgrip test, a 50 m simulated competition and a 45 s swim at maximal intensity in a swim ergometer. A blood sample was withdrawn 1 min after the completion of the ergometer test. In comparison with the placebo drink, the intake of the caffeinated energy drink increased the height in the countermovement jump (49·4 (sd 5·3) v. 50·9 (sd 5·2) cm, respectively; P<0·05) and maximal force during the handgrip test with the right hand (481 (sd 49) v. 498 (sd 43) N; P<0·05). Furthermore, the caffeinated energy drink reduced the time needed to complete the 50 m simulated swimming competition (27·8 (sd 3·4) v. 27·5 (sd 3·2) s; P<0·05), and it increased peak power (273 (sd 55) v. 303 (sd 49) W; P<0·05) and blood lactate concentration (11·0 (sd 2·0) v. 11·7 (sd 2·1) mm; P<0·05) during the ergometer test. The caffeinated energy drink did not modify the prevalence of insomnia (7 v. 7 %), muscle pain (36 v. 36 %) or headache (0 v. 7 %) during the hours following its ingestion (P>0·05). A caffeinated energy drink increased some aspects of swimming performance in competitive sprinters, whereas the side effects derived from the intake of this beverage were marginal at this dosage.
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Portyanko, V. A., D. L. Hoffman, M. Lee, and J. B. Holland. "A linkage map of hexaploid oat based on grass anchor DNA clones and its relationship to other oat maps." Genome 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-003.
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A cultivated oat linkage map was developed using a recombinant inbred population of 136 F6:7 lines from the cross 'Ogle' × 'TAM O-301'. A total of 441 marker loci, including 355 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, 40 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), 22 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 7 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), 1 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 12 isozyme loci, and 4 discrete morphological traits, was mapped. Fifteen loci remained unlinked, and 426 loci produced 34 linkage groups (with 243 loci each) spanning 2049 cM of the oat genome (from 4.2 to 174.0 cM per group). Comparisons with other Avena maps revealed 35 genome regions syntenic between hexaploid maps and 1634 regions conserved between diploid and hexaploid maps. Those portions of hexaploid oat maps that could be compared were completely conserved. Considerable conservation of diploid genome regions on the hexaploid map also was observed (8995%); however, at the whole-chromosome level, colinearity was much lower. Comparisons among linkage groups, both within and among Avena mapping populations, revealed several putative homoeologous linkage group sets as well as some linkage groups composed of segments from different homoeologous groups. The relationships between many Avena linkage groups remain uncertain, however, due to incomplete coverage by comparative markers and to complications introduced by genomic duplications and rearrangements.Key words: Avena, linkage map, comparative mapping, homoeology.
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Magnus, Dan, Santosh Bhatta, and Julie Mytton. "432 Establishing injury surveillance in emergency departments in Nepal: epidemiology and burden of paediatric injuries." Emergency Medicine Journal 37, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 825.2–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj-2020-rcemabstracts.7.
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Aims/Objectives/BackgroundGlobally, injuries cause more than 5 million deaths annually. Children and young people are a particularly vulnerable group and injuries are the leading cause of death in people aged 5–24 years globally and a leading cause of disability.In most low and middle-income countries where the majority of global child injury burden occurs, systems for routinely collecting injury data are limited. There is a continuing need for better data on childhood injuries and for injury surveillance.The aim of our study was to introduce a hospital-based injury surveillance tool – the first of its kind in Nepal and explore its feasibility. We undertook prospective collection of data on all injuries/trauma presenting to 2 hospital emergency departments to describe the epidemiology of paediatric hospital injury presentations and associated risk factors.Methods/DesignA new injury surveillance system for use in emergency departments in Nepal was designed and used to collect data on patients presenting with injuries. Data were collected prospectively in two hospitals 24 h a day over 12 months (April 2019 - March 2020) by trained data collectors using tablet computers.Abstract 432 Table 1Socio-demographic profile and characteristics of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020 (N=2696)CharacteristicsFrequencyGender Male 1778 Female 918 Age groups 0–4 years 653 5–9 years 866 10–14 years 680 15–17 years 497 Median year (IRQ) 8 (5 – 13) Ethnicity/caste Janajati 1384 Brahmin/Chhetri 892 Dalit 148 Madhesi 146 Muslim 74 Others 50 Unknown 2 Place where injury occurred Home/Compound 1576 Highway/road/street 636 School 233 Recreational area 138 Workplace 76 Other 37 Activities at the time injury occurred Leisure/Play 1889 Travelling (other than to/from school/work) 296 Work 202 Travelling (to/from school/work) 184 Education 42 Organised sports 11 Other 52 Unknown 20 Intent of injury Unintentional 2560 Intentional (self-harm) 61 Intentional (assault) 75 Unintentional (n=2560) Fall 912 Animal or insect related 728 Road traffic injury 356 Injured by a blunt force 201 Stabbed, cut or pierced 176 Fire, burn or scald 65 Poisoning 52 Suffocation/choking 36 Electrocution 12 Drowning and submersion 7 Other 13 Unknown 2 Self-harm (n=61) Poisoning 38 Hanging, strangulation, suffocation 12 Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 Injured by blunt object 4 Other 1 Assault (n=75) Bodily force (physical violence) 43 Injured by blunt object 18 Stabbed, cut or pierced 8 Pushing from a high place 2 Poisoning 2 Sexual assault 1 Other 1 Nature of injury (one most severe) Cuts, bites or open wound 1378 Bruise or superficial injury 383 Fracture 299 Sprain, strain or dislocation 243 Internal injury 124 Head Injury/Concussion 83 Burns 67 Other 115 Unknown 2 Not recorded 2 Severity of injury No apparent injury 125 Minor 1645 Moderate 813 Severe 111 Not recorded 2 Disposition Discharged 2317 Admitted to hospital 164 Transferred to another hospital 179 Died 21 Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) 11 Unknown 2 Not recorded 2 Note:Not recorded = missing cases95% CI calculated using one proportion test and normal approximation method in Minitab.Abstract 432 Table 2Distribution of injuries by age-group, sex and mechanism of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Age groups & Sex0 - 4 years5 - 9 years10–14 years15–17 yearsMaleFemaleTotalIntent & mechanismsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)Unintentional Fall 239 (26.2) 328 (36.0) 249 (27.3) 96 (10.5) 636 (69.7) 276 (30.3) 912 (100) Animal or insect related 175 (24.0) 260 (35.7) 190 (26.1) 103 (14.1) 470 (64.6) 258 (35.4) 728 (100) Road traffic injury 49 (13.8) 108 (30.3) 86 (24.2) 113 (31.7) 223 (62.6) 133 (37.4) 356 (100) Injured by a blunt force 54 (26.9) 74 (36.8) 49 (24.4) 24 (11.9) 150 (74.6) 51 (25.4) 201 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 20 (11.4) 56 (31.8) 49 (27.8) 51 (29.0) 127 (72.2) 49 (27.8) 176 (100) Fire, burn or scald 42 (64.6) 10 (15.4) 9 (13.8) 4 (6.2) 27 (41.5) 38 (58.5) 65 (100) Poisoning 33 (63.5) 6 (11.5) 5 (9.6) 8 (15.4) 26 (50.0) 26 (50.0) 52 (100) Suffocation/choking 24 (66.7) 5 (13.9) 2 (5.6) 5 (13.9) 20 (55.6) 16 (44.4) 36 (100) Electrocution 2 (15.7) 0 (0.0) 3 (25.0) 7 (58.3) 10 (83.3) 2 (16.7) 12 (100) Drowning and submersion 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 3 (42.9) 2 (28.6) 3 (42.9) 4 (57.1) 7 (100) Other 6 (46.2) 4 (30.8) 3 (23.1) 0 (0.0) 10 (76.9) 3 (23.1) 13 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) 2 (100) Total 647 (25.3) 852 (33.3) 648 (25.3) 413 (16.1) 1702 (66.5) 858 (33.5) 2560 (100) Self-harm Poisoning 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (15.8) 32 (84.2) 7 (18.4) 31 (81.6) 38 (100) Hanging 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (25.0) 9 (75.0) 4 (33.3) 8 (66.7) 12 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7) 1 (16.7) 5 (83.3) 6 (100) Injured by blunt object 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) Other 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 0 (0.0) 2 (3.3) 13 (21.3) 46 (75.4) 17 (27.9) 44 (72.1) 61 (100) Assault Bodily force (physical violence) 3 (7.0) 1 (2.3) 11 (25.6) 28 (65.1) 37 (86.0) 6 (14.0) 43 (100) Injured by blunt object 2 (11.1) 8 (44.4) 4 (22.2) 4 (22.2) 13 (72.2) 5 (27.8) 18 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (25.0) 5 (62.5) 7 (87.5) 1 (12.5) 8 (100) Pushing from a high place 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 2 (100) Poisoning 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 2 (100) Sexual assault 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) Other 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) Total 6 (8.0) 12 (16.0) 19 (25.3) 38 (50.7) 59 (78.7) 16 (21.3) 75 (100) Abstract 432 Table 3Association of injury location, nature and severity with age among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Age groups0 – 4 years5 – 9 years10–14 years15–17 yearsTotalChi-SquareInjury characteristicsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)P valueLocation of injury sustained Home/Compound 537 (34.1) 504 (32.0) 319 (20.2) 216 (13.7) 1576 (100) <0.001 Highway/road/street 85 (13.4) 196 (30.8) 190 (29.9) 165 (25.9) 636 (100) School 15 (6.4) 107 (45.9) 85 (36.5) 26 (11.2) 233 (100) Recreational area 9 (6.5) 44 (31.9) 55 (39.9) 30 (21.7) 138 (100) Workplace 1 (1.3) 4 (5.3) 19 (25.0) 52 (68.4) 76 (100) Other 6 (16.2) 11 (29.7) 12 (32.4) 8 (21.6) 37 (100) Total 653 (24.2) 866 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2696 (100) Nature of injury Cuts, bites or open wound 328 (23.8) 506 (36.7) 314 (22.8) 230 (16.7) 1378 (100) <0.001 Bruise or superficial injury 81 (21.1) 99 (25.8) 118 (30.8) 85 (22.2) 383 (100) Fracture 48 (16.1) 101 (33.8) 112 (37.5) 38 (12.7) 299 (100) Sprain, strain or dislocation 48 (19.8) 78 (32.1) 72 (29.6) 45 (18.5) 243 (100) Internal injury 44 (35.5) 8 (6.5) 18 (14.5) 54 (43.5) 124 (100) Head Injury/Concussion 18 (21.7) 26 (31.3) 18 (21.7) 21 (25.3) 83 (100) Burns 42 (62.7) 9 (13.4) 10 (14.9) 6 (9.0) 67 (100) Other 41 (35.7) 38 (33.0) 18 (15.7) 18 (15.7) 115 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 652 (24.2) 865 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2694 (100) Severity of injury No apparent injury 39 (31.2) 45 (36.0) 26 (20.8) 15 (12.0) 125 (100) <0.001 Minor 419 (25.5) 535 (32.5) 406 (24.7) 285 (17.3) 1645 (100) Moderate 171 (21.0) 262 (32.2) 225 (27.7) 155 (19.1) 813 (100) Severe 23 (20.7) 23 (20.7) 23 (20.7) 42 (37.8) 111 (100) Total 652 (24.2) 865 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2694 (100) Abstract 432 Table 4Association of injury location, nature and severity with sex among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020SexMaleFemaleTotalChi-SquareInjury characteristicsn (%)n (%)n (%)P valueLocation of injury sustained Home/Compound 979 (62.1) 597 (37.9) 1576 (100) <0.001 Highway/road/street 421 (66.2) 215 (33.8) 636 (100) School 176 (75.5) 57 (24.5) 233 (100) Recreational area 111 (80.4) 27 (19.6) 138 (100) Workplace 62 (81.6) 14 (18.4) 76 (100) Other 29 (78.4) 8 (21.6) 37 (100) Total 1778 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2696 (100) Nature of injury Cuts, bites or open wound 959 (69.6) 419 (30.4) 1378 (100) <0.001 Bruise or superficial injury 246 (64.2) 137 (35.8) 383 (100) Fracture 200 (66.9) 99 (33.1) 299 (100) Sprain, strain or dislocation 154 (63.4) 89 (36.6) 243 (100) Internal injury 50 (40.3) 74 (59.7) 124 (100) Head Injury/Concussion 59 (71.1) 24 (28.9) 83 (100) Burns 27 (40.3) 40 (59.7) 67 (100) Other 79 (68.7) 36 (31.3) 115 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 1776 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2694 (100) Severity of injury No apparent injury 81 (64.8) 44 (35.2) 125 (100) 0.048 Minor 1102 (67.0) 543 (33.0) 1645 (100) Moderate 533 (65.6) 280 (34.4) 813 (100) Severe 60 (54.1) 51 (45.9) 111 (100) Total 1776 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2694 (100) Abstract 432 Table 5Distribution of injuries by outcome and mechanism of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Outcome of injuryDischargedAdmittedTransferredDiedLAMAUnknownTotalIntent & mechanismsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)Unintentional Fall 787 (86.5) 65 (7.1) 53 (5.8) 0 (0.0) 4 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 910 (100) Animal/insect bite/sting 704 (96.7) 3 (0.4) 19 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 728 (100) Road traffic injury 260 (73.0) 47 (13.2) 44 (12.4) 5 (1.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 356 (100) Injured by a blunt force 190 (94.5) 4 (2.0) 6 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 201 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 165 (93.8) 8 (4.5) 3 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 176 (100) Fire, burn or scald 52 (80.0) 12 (18.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 65 (100) Poisoning 30 (57.7) 4 (7.7) 16 (30.8) 1 (1.9) 1 (1.9) 0 (0.0) 52 (100) Suffocation/choking/asphyxia 24 (66.7) 4 (11.1) 6 (16.7) 1 (2.8) 1 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 36 (100) Electrocution 7 (58.3) 2 (16.7) 2 (16.7) 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (100) Drowning and submersion 4 (57.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (42.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (100) Other 12 (92.3) 1 (7.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 2237 (87.5) 150 (5.9) 150 (5.9) 11 (0.4) 8 (0.3) 2 (0.1) 2558 (100) Self-harm Poisoning 5 (13.2) 8 (21.1) 23 (60.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 38 (100) Hanging 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (8.3) 10 (83.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (100) Injured by blunt object 4 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) Other 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 17 (27.9) 8 (13.1) 24 (39.3) 10 (16.4) 2 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 61 (100) Assault Bodily force (physical violence) 34 (79.1) 5 (11.6) 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 43 (100) Injured by blunt object 18 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 18 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 (75.0) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (100) Pushing from a high place 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Poisoning 1 (50) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Sexual assault 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Other 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 63 (84.0) 6 (8.0) 5 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 75 (100) Abstract 432 Figure 1Seasonal variation of injuries identified by the injury surveillance system over a year among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Results/ConclusionsThe total number of ED patients with injury in the study was 10,154.2,696 were patients aged <18 years. Most injuries in children were unintentional and over half of children presenting with injuries were <10 years of age. Falls, animal bites/stings and road traffic injuries accounted for nearly 75% of all injuries with some (drowning, poisonings and burns) under-represented. Over half of injuries were cuts, bites and open wounds. The next most common injury types were superficial injuries (14.2%); fractures (11.1%); sprains/dislocations (9.0%). Child mortality was 1%.This is the biggest prospective injury surveillance study in a low or middle country in recent years and supports the use of injury surveillance in Nepal for reducing child morbidity and mortality through improved data.CHILD PAPER: RESULTS SECTIONTotal number of ED patients: 33046Total number of ED patient with injury: 10154 (adult=7458 & children=2696)8.2% (n=2696) patients with injury were children aged <18 yearsHetauda hospital: 2274 (84.3%)Chure hill hospital: 422 (15.7%)
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Rogliano, Pierre-François, Sebastian Voicu, Laurence Labat, Nicolas Deye, Isabelle Malissin, Jean-Louis Laplanche, Dominique Vodovar, and Bruno Mégarbane. "Acute Poisoning with Rhabdomyolysis in the Intensive Care Unit: Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy Requirement." Toxics 8, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040079.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the major complication of rhabdomyolysis. We aimed to identify the predictive factors for AKI and renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement in poisoning-associated rhabdomyolysis. We conducted a cohort study including 273 successive poisoned patients (median age, 41 years) who developed rhabdomyolysis defined as creatine kinase (CK) >1000 IU/L. Factors associated with AKI and RRT requirement were identified using multivariate analyses. Poisonings mainly involved psychotropic drugs. AKI occurred in 88 patients (37%) including 43 patients (49%) who required RRT. Peak serum creatinine and CK were weakly correlated (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.001). Death (13%) was more frequent after AKI onset (32% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). On admission, lithium overdose (OR, 44.4 (5.3–371.5)), serum calcium ≤2.1 mmol/L (OR, 14.3 (2.04–112.4)), female gender (OR, 5.5 (1.8–16.9)), serum phosphate ≥1.5 mmol/L (OR, 2.0 (1.0–4.2)), lactate ≥ 3.3 mmol/L (OR, 1.2 (1.1–1.4)), serum creatinine ≥ 125 µmol/L (OR, 1.05 (1.03–1.06)) and age (OR, 1.04 (1.01–1.07)) independently predicted AKI onset. Calcium-channel blocker overdose (OR, 14.2 (3.8–53.6)), serum phosphate ≥ 2.3 mmol/L (OR, 1.6 (1.1–2.6)), Glasgow score ≤ 5 (OR, 1.12; (1.02–1.25)), prothrombin index ≤ 71% (OR, 1.03; (1.01–1.05)) and serum creatinine ≥ 125 µmol/L (OR, 1.01; (1.00–1.01)) independently predicted RRT requirement. We identified the predictive factors for AKI and RRT requirement on admission to improve management in poisoned patients presenting rhabdomyolysis.
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Schuler, Martin H., David Planchard, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Joo-Hang Kim, Filippo De Marinis, Yuh-Min Chen, Caicun Zhou, et al. "Interim analysis of afatinib monotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC progressing after chemotherapy and erlotinib/gefitinib (E/G) in a trial of afatinib plus paclitaxel versus investigator’s choice chemotherapy following progression on afatinib monotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 7557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7557.
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7557 Background: The benefit of sustained ErbB family blockade in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance (AR) to EGFR TKIs is unknown. We investigated afatinib, an irreversible blocker of EGFR (ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2) and ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with metastatic NSCLC, who had failed chemotherapy and E/G. Methods: This was a Phase III, randomized, open-label, multi-center trial. Patients with pathologically confirmed Stage IIIB/IV metastatic NSCLC after ≥1 line of chemotherapy who failed E/G received oral afatinib 50 mg until disease progression (Part A). After progression, patients with clinical benefit (≥12 wks) were eligible to continue afatinib 40 mg plus paclitaxel or receive investigator’s choice chemotherapy (Part B). Primary endpoint for Part A was PFS (RECIST 1.1; CT scan every 6 wks). Available tumor samples were collected for central EGFR mutation testing; local mutation data were also collected. An interim analysis of Part A, assessing afatinib monotherapy, is reported. Results: Part A enrolled April 2010 through to May 2011; 1154 patients received afatinib monotherapy. The majority had adenocarcinoma (85%), 57% were female, 43% were Asian, 54% were never smokers. Best response to prior E/G was CR (2%), PR (31%), SD (42%) and PD (20%). Median PFS for afatinib was 3.3 mths; 88 patients (8%) achieved an objective tumor response, 648 (56%) had SD. For EGFR mutation positive patients (n=49, centrally confirmed), PFS was 4.2 vs. 2.6 mths for EGFR mutation negative patients (n=35). When applying clinical enrichment criteria for AR, PFS was 4.2 mths for those with enrichment (n=597) vs. 2.8 mths for those without (n= 557; logrank test p<0.0001). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (17%) and rash/acne (11%). In Part A, 99 patients remain on treatment. Conclusions: Afatinib monotherapy provided a clinically meaningful benefit in this large, treatment-refractory NSCLC trial, similar to LUX-Lung 1. Those clinically enriched for AR to EGFR TKIs achieved prolonged disease control upon continued ErbB blockade.
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Sharma, Vinod, Atul Sharma, Sushmita Pathy, Nootan Kumar Shukla, S. V. Suryanarayana Deo, Sanjay Thulkar, Sunil Kumar, and Ranjit Sahoo. "Outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer over fifteen years from an Indian tertiary care center: A retrospective analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e15050-e15050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15050.
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e15050 Background: Management of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has revolutionised over the past 2 decades and a number of drugs are part of active disease management including biologicals. Published large database on metastatic CRC outcome has been lacking from India. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of metastatic CRC from prospectively based database was performed from the year, 2001-2015. All patients who have received at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy were enrolled. Kaplan Meier analysis was done for overall survival (OS). Cox-regression model was done to determine prognostic factors of OS. Results: A total of 288 patients including upfront metastatic (n = 197, 68%) and relapsed (n = 91, 32%) with male to female ratio of 1.4:1 and median age of 46 years were studied. CEA was high in 78% with median level of 20 ng/ml. Most common site of primary tumor location was rectum (47%). Proportions of left side, right side and transverse colon was 75%, 20% and 4.2%. Mucinous and signet histologies were seen in 24% and 9.2% of patients. Most common sites of metastases being liver (43%), peritoneum (31%) and lung (18%). Oxaliplatin based therapy was used 71% of patients as 1st line. Median chemotherapy cycles for both 1st and 2nd line regimen was 6. Biologicals were part of 1st line regimen in only 12.5% of patients. Median OS of our cohort was 18.5 months. Predictors of poor OS were ECOG PS > 1 (HR 2, CI: 1.3-3.3, p value = 0.003), high CEA ( > 5ng/ml, HR 2.5, CI: 1.3-4.6, p value = 0.004), low albumin (< 3.5 g/dl, HR 1.7, CI: 1.03-2.9, p value = 0.045), < 2 lines of chemotherapy received (HR 2, CI: 1.3-3.3, p value = 0.001). Conclusions: Outcomes of metastatic CRC in our cohort with use of doublet chemotherapy (small proportion with biologicals) is comparable to published literature worldwide. We have higher proportion of younger population, rectum cancer, signet and mucinous histology and higher incidence of peritoneal involvement.
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Genkel, V. V., A. O. Salashenko, A. S. Kuznetsova, and I. I. Shaposhnik. "Association between ultrasound morphology of carotid plaque and carotid wall shear rate in patients with atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 17, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2018-17-4-39-45.
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Aim– to investigate the relationship between the values of the carotid endothelial shear rate and ultrasound morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries.Material and methods. The study involved 70 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, including 43 males and 27 females. The average age of patients was (61.1±8.54) years. All patients underwent ultrasound triplex scanning of carotid arteries. Ultrasonic plaque morphology was evaluated using several ultrasonographic characteristics: uniformity of echotexture and echogenicity. We used the classification of G. Geraulakos et al. (1993). Endothelial shear rate in the common carotid artery was determined in accordance with the law of Hagen – Poiseuille.Results. Most patients (30) had a plaque type I, less frequently occurred plaque II (15) and III (20 patients) types. Homogeneous echo positive plaques corresponding to «stable» phenotype were found in 5 patients. In patients with plaque type I and II, endothelial shear rate values were 373 (305; 481) s–1 and 311 (282; 419) s–1 respectively. In the groups of patients with plaque– type III and IV endothelial shear rate was significantly higher – 500 (429; 556) s–1 and 470 (440; 512) s–1 respectively. Among patients with plaque with a predominance of echolucent component, more patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were found (p=0.006).Conclusion. Carotid endothelial shear rate was significantly lower in patients with carotid atherosclerosis and echolucent plaques compared to those having predominantly hyperechoic plaque. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 was significantly higher in the group of patients with unstable plaque and low carotid endothelial shear rate.
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BRANCO, VASCO VEIGA, EDUARDO MORANO, and PEDRO CARDOSO. "An update to the Iberian spider checklist (Araneae)." Zootaxa 4614, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.1.
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We updated a previous database that compiled all the information available in 2010 for the species distribution of spiders (Araneae) in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) included. By the end of 2018 a total of 30834 records were compiled. These belong to 1493 species, 282 of those endemic to the peninsula, across 56 families and 402 genera. This represents an increase of approximately 14% in the number of species in the last nine years. From all families found in the Iberian Peninsula, Araneidae represent the highest number of records (3315), Linyphiidae the highest species richness (302) and Dysderidae the highest endemic richness (58). When considering only the 2010 decade, Linyphiidae lead in both number of records (1417) and species (49), but Gnaphosidae have the highest newly described endemic richness (18). When looking at the full data per province, the largest number of records are located in Illes Balears (1864), followed by Barcelona (1287). When it comes to species, Huesca (474) and Barcelona (470) are the richest provinces. However, it is Illes Balears that possesses the largest known endemic richness (43), followed by Beja and Faro (39). Regarding the last decade, Illes Balears received the largest sampling effort with 901 records, followed by Girona (806). Ciudad Real had the highest increase in known richness with 191 new species to the province, followed by León and Lleida (188). The most new endemic species were found in Faro (16), followed by Almería and Cádiz (13). This checklist is accompanied by an online catalogue where all its information is fully listed.
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Fonseca, A. J. M., A. A. Dias-da-Silva, and A. L. G. Lourenço. "Effects of maize and citrus-pulp supplementation of urea-treated wheat straw on intake and productivity in female lambs." Animal Science 73, no. 1 (April 2001): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058124.
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AbstractTwo experiments with lambs given food indoors and individually penned were designed to study the effects of different levels of ground maize and citrus pulp as supplements of a diet based on urea-treated straw (5 kg urea per 100 kg straw) offered ad libitum over a period of 16 weeks (experiment 1) or 10 weeks (experiment 2). The voluntary intake, live-weight gain (LWG), organic matter digestibility (OMD), urinary allantoin-nitrogen (UAN) excretion and acetate clearance rate were measured. The lambs were blocked on weight and randomly assigned to the treatments described below. Ruminal outflow rate of the solid and liquid phases from the rumen were also measured in experiment 2.In experiment 1, 20 female lambs from the Ile-de-France breed, with an initial live weight (LW) of 43 (s.e. 3·3) kg were used. Wheat straw (WS) was supplemented with 50 g/kg of fish meal (FM) and with 0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg of ground maize on a dry-matter (DM) basis (M0, M1, M2 and M3, respectively). In experiment 2, 25 female lambs from the Portuguese breed Churra-da-Terra-Quente, with an initial LW of 24·2 (s.e. 4·3) kg were used. The straw was offered ad libitum during 10 weeks and supplemented with 50 g/kg of FM and 0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 g/kg of dried citrus pulp on a DM basis (CP0, CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4, respectively).During the experiments, all animals were moved to metabolism cages to measure OMD and UAN excretion. Two additional incubation studies were carried out with rumen fistulated rams (experiment 1) or cows (experiment 2) given the diets described above close to the maintenance feeding level.In experiment 1 daily straw DM intake linearly decreased (P < 0·05) from 21·6 to 17·7 g/kg LW and LWG linearly increased (P < 0·05) from 51 to 154 g/day for treatments M0, M1, M2 and M3, respectively. The rate of straw DM degradation was significantly decreased (P < 0·01) by maize supplementation. Straw OMD (kg/kg) was 0·562, 0·583, 0·547 and 0·520 and UAN (mg/day) was 620, 790, 854 and 859 for treatments M0, M1, M2 and M3, respectively. Acetate clearance rate, increased (P < 0·05) as the level of maize inclusion increased.In experiment 2 daily straw DM intake was 23·3, 25·8, 24·7, 23·5 and 18·6 g/kg LW per day and LWG was –9, 28, 44, 64 and 67 g/day for treatments CP0, CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4, respectively. Supplementation significantly increased LWG (P < 0·001) but at the 400 g/kg level depressed straw DM intake. Straw OMD linearly decreased (P < 0·05) from 0·484 (CP0) to 0·428 (CP4) g/kg and UAN (mg/day) was 181, 303, 363, 384 and 392 for treatments CP0, CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4, respectively. Rumen outflow rate of fibre particles was unaffected by supplementation while the outflow of liquid phase tended to be increased (P < 0·10). The rate of DM degradation was significantly reduced (P < 0·01) by citrus-pulp inclusion. Acetate clearance rate was unaffected (P > 0·05) by citrus-pulp supplementation.The results of these experiments demonstrate that supplementation of urea-treated straw with ground maize up to 200 g/kg or with citrus pulp up to 300 g/kg of the diet DM increased or did not depress straw intake, increased the supply of microbial protein and have no significant effect on straw digestibility. The efficiency of utilization of absorbed energy was apparently improved by maize but not by citrus-pulp supplementation.
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Price, Meghan, Vishal Vashistha, David Winski, Michael Kelley, Rhonda Bitting, and Robert B. Montgomery. "Real-world outcomes among prostate cancer patients with BRCA2 gene variants compared to variants in other homologous DNA repair genes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e17033-e17033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e17033.
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e17033 Background: PARP inhibitors (PARPis) were approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PC) among patients (pts) harboring mutations in genes responsible for homologous DNA repair. Increasing evidence has suggested that pts with BRCA2 gene alterations may derive the most benefit from these drugs. Study objectives were to evaluate real-world treatment outcomes among Veterans prescribed PARPis for PC and to compare outcomes between pts with BRCA2 gene variants and those with variants in other homologous DNA repair genes. Methods: The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Precision Oncology Program database was reviewed to identify PC pts who successfully underwent tumor DNA sequencing and were prescribed olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib or talazaporib prior to FDA approval for PARPi use in PC (May 15, 2020). Only pts who received a PARPi for > 4 weeks were included in outcome assessments The VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse was reviewed to obtain clinical and disease characteristics, laboratory and imaging reports, and treatments administered. Assessed outcomes included PSA30, defined as the percentage of pts achieving 30% reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and composite progression-free survival (PFS), which included time to radiographic progression per RECIST criteria, discontinuation of therapy, and/or death. Pts who discontinued therapy due to toxicity were censored for PFS analyses. PSA30 and PFS were compared between pts bearing BRCA2 gene variants and those with variants in other homologous DNA repair genes using t-testing and log-rank testing, respectively. Results: 48 pts were prescribed a PARPi for PC; 43 (89.6%) received therapy for > 4 weeks. BRCA2 gene variants (43.8%) were most commonly observed followed by ATM (23.0%) and BRCA1 (16.7%). Forty-two pts (87.5%) received prior systemic therapy beyond androgen deprivation. Forty (83.3%) pts received olaparib, 6 (12.5%) received rucaparib, and 2 (4.2%) received both. Eleven (22.9%) discontinued therapy due to toxicity, with anemia being most common toxicity. Of the 43 pts treated for > 4 weeks, pts with BRCA2 variants had a higher rate of PSA30 than those without (47.9% vs. 4.5%; p = 0.004). The median PFS for all pts was 4.0 months. Pts with BRCA2 gene variants had longer PFS than those without BRCA2 gene variants (7.2 vs 3.3 months; p = 0.037). Pts with BRCA2 gene variants also had longer PFS than those with BRCA1 variants (7.2 vs 3.3, p = 0.031). No difference was observed in PFS between those with BRCA2 variants and those with ATM variants ( p = 0.51). Conclusions: Approximately one-quarter of PC pts with variants in homologous DNA repair genes treated with PARPis achieve a 30% reduction in PSA, and the median PFS is 4 months. Pts harboring BRCA2 gene variants have a significantly higher rate of PSA30 and a longer PFS than those with variants in other homologous DNA repair genes.
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Dale, David C., Audrey Anna Bolyard, Beate Schwinzer, Gusal Pracht, Mary Ann Bonilla, Laurence Boxer, Melvin Freedman, et al. "The Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry - 10 Years of Follow-Up." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1458.1458.
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Abstract 2004 marks the 10th anniversary of the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR), a registry organized to improve understanding and treatment of the hematological disorders causing severe chronic neutropenia. The SCNIR enrolls patients with blood neutrophil counts intermittently or continuously less than 0.5x109/L whose neutropenia is not attributed to cancer, cancer chemotherapy, or systemic autoimmune diseases. Longitudinal data has now been collected on 1163 patients with a range of follow-up of 0.01 to 15.66 years. By diagnostic category the patients include severe congenital neutropenia (422), cyclic neutropenia (205), idiopathic neutropenia (349), autoimmune neutropenia (68), glycogen storage disease (42), Barth syndrome (10), myelokathexis (8), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (37), immune deficiency syndromes (7), and others (15). Overall, 1053 (90.5%) of these patients have been treated longitudinally with G-CSF (dose range 0.02 to 300 mcg/kg/day, median 3.33 mcg/kg/day) or received G-CSF transiently. Among other treatments, 76 patients were treated with allogeneic bone marrow or stem cell transplants (SCT). The reasons for SCT were myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (43), chromosomal aberrations or G-CSF receptor mutation (9), partial or non-response to G-CSF (21), or other reasons (3). G-CSF has dramatically changed the natural history of these disorders reducing the occurrence of infection, hospitalization, and antibiotics, and improving patients’ quality of life. A small percentage of patients, 14% (163/1163), show evidence of osteoporosis/osteopenia; the predisposing factors for this complication remain unclear. MDS and AML has occurred in 63 patients: severe congenital neutropenia (13.7%, 58/422), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (8.1%, 3/37) and 2 others with the clinical diagnoses of cyclic neutropenia (1) and idiopathic neutropenia (1). The SCNIR has also provided a rich resource for studies on the genetic and molecular basis for these disorders. These include the finding of mutations in the gene for neutrophil elastase (ELA2) in causing cyclic and congenital neutropenia, the role of mutations in the gene for the G-CSF receptor in the evolution of severe congenital neutropenia to AML and the importance of apoptosis as the cellular mechanism for several diseases causing severe chronic neutropenia. The SCNIR illustrates the value of a patient registry to improve our understanding of rare hematological diseases.