Journal articles: '3–(trans–2–aminocyclopropyl)alanine'

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Larionov, Oleg V., Sergei I. Kozhushkov, Melanie Brandl, and Armin de Meijere. "Rational synthesis of all the four stereoisomers of 3-(trans-2-aminocyclopropyl)alanine." Mendeleev Communications 13, no. 5 (January 2003): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc2003v013n05abeh001817.

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Armstrong, Alan, and James N. Scutt. "Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 3-(trans-2-Aminocyclopropyl)alanine, a Key Component of Belactosin A." Organic Letters 5, no. 13 (June 2003): 2331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0346887.

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Zindel, Jürgen, Axel Zeeck, Wilfried A. König, and Armin de Meijere. "Synthesis of 3-(trans-2′-nitrocyclopropyl)alanine: An unusual natural amino acid." Tetrahedron Letters 34, no. 12 (March 1993): 1917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91962-2.

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Zindel, Juergen, and Armin de Meijere. "Synthesis of 3-(trans-2'-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, a Constituent of the Natural Peptide-Lactone Hormaomycin." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 10 (May 1995): 2968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a009.

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Brandl, Melanie, Sergei I. Kozhushkov, Boris D. Zlatopolskiy, Petra Alvermann, Bernadette Geers, Axel Zeeck, and Armin de Meijere. "The Biosynthesis of 3-(trans-2-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, a Constituent of the Signal Metabolite Hormaomycin." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2005, no. 1 (December 20, 2004): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200400493.

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ZINDEL, J., and A. DE MEIJERE. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3-(trans-2′-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, a Constituent of the Natural Peptide-Lactone Hormaomycin." ChemInform 26, no. 41 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199541237.

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Parthasarathy, R., T. Xie, M. G. Wolfersberger, and W. R. Harvey. "Substrate structure and amino acid/K+ symport in brush-border membrane vesicles from larval Manduca sexta midgut." Journal of Experimental Biology 197, no. 1 (December 1, 1994): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.197.1.237.

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The effects of amino acid sidechain length, substituent position and c chirality on amino acid/K+ symport have been examined in rapid filtration experiments on brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from larval Manduca sexta midgut. Cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation protocols were used to examine the effects of amino acid analogs on the uptake of alanine, phenylalanine, leucine and lysine, which are cotransported with K+ by a zwitterionic symporter at the high pH characteristic of the midgut in vivo. The symporter was found to translocate both L- and D-stereoisomers of alanine, leucine and lysine, but only the L-form of phenylalanine. Alterations to substrate structure that leave the charge distribution unchanged do not affect symport. Thus, moving the methyl group from C-3 to C-5 in the sequence isoleucine, leucine and norleucine has no effect on their ability to inhibit leucine symport. Increasing sidechain length among alanine homologs has little effect on their ability to inhibit alanine uptake, but increasing the sidechain length of lysine homologs from 1 to 3 methylene groups enhances cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation of lysine symport. The substantial difference in molecular charge distribution among aminobutanoic acid isomers has a large impact on alanine symport with only alpha- (or 2-) aminobutanoic acid functioning as an alanine analog. Only those changes in substrate structure that are coupled to the molecular charge distribution seem to affect symport. The tolerance of the symporter may reflect a balance mandated by the conflicting demands of selectivity and throughput.

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Abdel-Kader, Maged S., and Saleh I. Alqasoumi. "In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Acylated Iridoid Glycosides from Scrophularia hepericifolia." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020145.

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Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform fraction obtained from Scrophularia hypericifolia aerial parts led to the isolation of nine acylated iridoid glycosides. The new compounds were identified as 6-O-α-L(2″-acetyl, 3″,4″-di-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl-6′-acetyl catalpol (6′-acetyl hypericifolin A) (1), 6-O-α-L(2″, 4″-diacetyl, 3″-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl-6′-acetyl catalpol (6′-acetyl hypericifolin B) (2), 6-O-α-L(2″-acetyl, 3″,4″-di-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (hypericifolin A) (3) and 6-O-α-L(2″, 4″-diacetyl, 3″-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (hypericifolin B) (4). Previously reported compounds were identified as laterioside (5), 8-O-acetylharpagide (6), 6-O-α-L(4′-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (7), lagotisoside D (8) and harpagoside (9). Identification achieved via analyses of physical and spectral data including 1D, 2D NMR and High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). Compounds 2–4 and 6 were subjected to biological evaluation against paracetamol-induced toxicity. The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as total bilirubin were used to access the liver condition. Measurement of serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium cations were indicators for kidney condition. Liver and kidney samples were subjected to histopathological study. The best protection was found in the group treated with 3 followed by 4 and 6, while 2 was almost inactive.

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Böhm, Andreas, Kurt Polborn, and Wolfgang Beck. "Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CX. Orthopalladation of N-(Diphenylmethylene) Schiff Bases from Peptide Esters - C,N versus C,N,O Coordination - Crystal Structure of ClPd[C6H4(C6H5)C=N(Gly-L-Pro -L-Ala-OMe)-C,N,O] with cis/trans Peptide Bonds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0302.

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The reaction of the N-(diphenylmethylene) Schiff base from glycyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine methyl ester 1 with tetrachloropalladate in the presence of sodium acetate affords the orthopalladated bicyclic C ,N ,O chelate 2. Complex 2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Remarkably, the unit cell contains two independent molecules, the cis isomer 2a and the trans isomer 2b (referring to the peptide bond). 2 reacts with PPh3 by substitution of the carbonyl oxygen atom to give the C,N chelate 3.

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Hoeltzli, S. D., and C. H. Smith. "Alanine transport systems in isolated basal plasma membrane of human placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): C630—C637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.3.c630.

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Concentrative transfer of amino acids from mother to fetus is affected by transport across both microvillous (maternal-facing) and basal (fetal-facing) plasma membranes of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast. Isolated basal plasma membrane vesicles were used to elucidate transport systems for neutral amino acids across this membrane. The concentration dependence and inhibition of zero-trans-alanine uptake were studied and four pathways for alanine uptake were defined as follows: 1) a sodium-dependent system shared by methylaminoisobutyric acid, which has the characteristics of an A system; 2) a sodium-dependent system resistant to inhibition by methylaminoisobutyric acid, which has the characteristics of an ASC system; 3) a sodium-independent system which may resemble an L system; 4) nonsaturable uptake. The microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast possesses systems similar to 1 and 3, but system 2 is unique to the basal plasma membrane. Active and passive transport of amino acids across both microvillous and basal plasma membranes may contribute to trophoblast amino acid uptake and nutrition and to the transfer of amino acids to the fetus.

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Karimi-Sales, Elham, Sajad Jeddi, Arshad Ghaffari-Nasab, Mina Salimi, and Mohammad Reza Alipour. "Effect of trans-chalcone on hepatic IL-8 through the regulation of miR-451 in male rats." Endocrine Regulations 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/enr-2018-0001.

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Abstract Objective. Trans-chalcone is a chalcone with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism of these positive effects, especially on miR-451 as an inflammatory regulator, is poorly understood. In this regard, this microRNA (miRNA) acts by inhibition of hepatic interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in the liver which is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines. Th is study for the first time examined the effect of trans-chalcone on miR-451/IL-8 pathway. Methods. In present study, 21 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7 per each group): control which received solvent (NS), groups 2 (N2T) and 3 (N6T), which received transchalcone for 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. Hepatic level of miR-451 was measured by qRT-PCR. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as hepatic level of IL-8 protein were measured. Results. Trans-chalcone decreased hepatic level of IL-8 protein and serum level of ALT aft er 2 weeks of treatment without significant change in hepatic miR-451. Moreover, it increased hepatic level of miR-451 and reduced hepatic IL-8 as well as AST and ALT aft er 6 weeks. Conclusion. Based on the results of present study, miR-451/IL-8 pathway is a possible mechanism for hepatoprotective action of trans-chalcone in long-term.

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ZINDEL, J., A. ZEECK, W. A. KOENIG, and A. DE MEIJERE. "ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 18. Synthesis of 3-(trans-2′-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine: An Unusual Natural Amino Acid." ChemInform 24, no. 33 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199333254.

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13

Kozhushkov, Sergei I., Boris D. Zlatopolskiy, Melanie Brandl, Petra Alvermann, Markus Radzom, Bernardette Geers, Armin de Meijere, and Axel Zeeck. "Hormaomycin Analogues by Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis - Synthesis of and Feeding Experiments with Amino Acids Related to the Unique 3-(trans-2-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine Constituent." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2005, no. 5 (March 2005): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200400608.

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14

Scislowski, P. W. D., B. M. Hokland, W. I. A. Davis-van Thienen, J. Bremer, and E. J. Davis. "Methionine metabolism by rat muscle and other tissues. Occurrence of a new carnitine intermediate." Biochemical Journal 247, no. 1 (October 1, 1987): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2470035.

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Perfused rat hindquarter preparations were shown to incorporate radioactivity from [U-14C]methionine into citrate-cycle intermediates, lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine and CO2. During perfusion, large amounts of methionine were also oxidized to methionine sulphoxide. The capacity for transamination of methionine or its oxo analogue, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate, by muscle extracts was demonstrated. Rat skeletal muscle, heart, liver and kidney mitochondria, when incubated with the latter plus radiolabelled carnitine, formed a newly identified carnitine derivative, 3-methylthiopropionylcarnitine. It is concluded that the capacity for oxidation of methionine by a trans-sulphuration-independent pathway occurs in several mammalian tissues. The extent of inter-organ handling of intermediates in this pathway(s) is discussed.

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15

Larionov, Oleg V., Tatyana F. Savel'eva, Konstantin A. Kochetkov, Nikolai S. Ikonnokov, Sergei I. Kozhushkov, Dmitrii S. Yufit, Judith A. K. Howard, Viktor N. Khrustalev, Yuri N. Belokon, and Armin de Meijere. "Productive Asymmetric Synthesis of All Four Diastereomers of 3-(trans-2-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine from Glycine with (S)- or (R)-2-[(N-Benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone as a Reusable Chiral Auxiliary." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2003, no. 5 (March 2003): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200390131.

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16

Johnson, L. W., and C. H. Smith. "Neutral amino acid transport systems of microvillous membrane of human placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): C773—C780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.6.c773.

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Placental transport produces concentrations of amino acids in fetal blood greater than those of maternal blood. Competitive inhibition studies of zwitterionic amino acid transport in isolated vesicles from the microvillous (maternal facing) plasma membranes of syncytiotrophoblast defined three transport systems: 1) a sodium-dependent system that supports methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) transport and has the characteristics of an A system; 2) a sodium-independent system with a high affinity for leucine and other amino acids with branched or aromatic side chains; and 3) a sodium-independent system with a preference for alanine as a substrate. The two sodium-independent systems could be further discriminated by marked specificity for trans stimulation with alanine or with leucine. System ASC, known to be present in whole placenta, and the neutral brush-border or imino systems of other polarized epithelia were apparently absent. Kinetic characteristics of the A system make it the probable primary driving force for concentrative transfer of its substrate amino acids to the fetus. Characteristics of the high-affinity leucine system demonstrated that it is saturated by normal serum leucine concentrations. Regulation of either system has the potential to alter placental amino acid uptake and transfer to the fetus.

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TAŞKIN, Hatira. "Detection of Volatile Aroma Compounds of Morchella by Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41, no. 1 (May 28, 2013): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4118344.

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This study was conducted at the Horticulture Department of Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey, in 2010 to determine the volatile aroma compounds of Morchella mushroom. Fresh samples of Morchella esculenta (Sample 1) and Morchella elata (Sample 2) were collected from Çanakkale (Sample 1) and Mersin (Sample 2) provinces in Turkey in the spring of 2010. Volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). A total of 31 aroma compounds were identified in the 2 analyzed samples: 7 alcohols, 7 esters, 7 ketones, 3 acids, 2 aldehydes, 1 terpene, phenol, 1-propanamine, geranyl linalool, and quinoline. Seventeen aroma components were identified in Sample 1, and 18 compounds were found in Sample 2. Phenol was determined as the major aroma compound in both Sample 1 and Sample 2, at 50.888% and 58.293% content, respectively. Alcohols, especially 1-octen-3-ol, were detected as the second major aroma components in Sample 1 and Sample 2, at 15.500% and 5.660% content, respectively. Carbamic acid, methyl ester was found only in Sample 1, at 11.379% content. The aroma components detected in the two samples differed. 1-Octadecanol; cyclooctylalcohol; trans-2-undecen-1-ol; butanoic acid, butyl ester (CAS); carbamic acid, methyl ester; 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoate; phthalic acid, decyl isobutyl ester; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate; decanal; nonanal; 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4.5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione; 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione; 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl); and trans-alpha-bisabolene were detected only in Sample 1. Ethanol; silanediol, 2-methylaminoethanol; L-alanine, ethyl ester; carbonic acid, dodecyl isobutyl ester; acetic acid; butanoic acid; 2,3,4H-pyran-4-one; 5,9-undecadien-2-one; cyclooctene; 2-cyclopenten-1-one; 1-propanamine; geranyl linalool; and quinoline were determined only in Sample 2.

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Jursík, František, and Ronald D. Archer. "Assessing the Effect of Ligand Proximity on Chiroptical and Other Properties in Cobalt(III) Model, Tyrosine-Like Complexes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 12 (1995): 2097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19952097.

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A series of new cobalt(III) octahedral complexes of the general formula Na[Co(ohb-aa)2] (ohb-aa = N-(o-hydroxybenzyl)amino acid anion); amino acid = glycine, (S)-α-alanine, α-aminoisobutyric acid, (S)-valine, (S)-norvaline and (S)-leucine) were prepared by the charcoal catalyzed reaction of the appropriate ligand with [Co(NH3)6]3+ in alkaline aqueous solution. Complexes obtained have, regardless of the amino acid used, the same facial all-trans symmetry (CoN2O4 chromophore) with the vicinal effects as the entire source of the optical activity. 13C NMR spectra reveal that the leucine derivative has, due to the steric reasons, a different ground state structure. Absorption maxima reflect a positive inductive effect from the amino acid side chain carbon atoms. Complexes of the ligands bearing electrophobic alkyl groups exhibit more negative E1/2 in comparison with the glycine derivative, reduction of which occurs at a more positive potential. Reduction potentials do not correlate with cobalt(III) Lewis acidity modulated by ligands.

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Li, Yunhai, Huitong Zhou, Long Cheng, Jenny Zhao, and Jonathan Hickford. "Variation in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (<i>SCD</i>) and its influence on milk fatty acid composition in late-lactation dairy cattle grazed on pasture." Archives Animal Breeding 63, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-63-355-2020.

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Abstract. Gene markers have become useful tools for improving animal genetics and breeding since they improve the accuracy of selection for superior breeding stock. In this study, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Δ-9-desaturase) gene (SCD) was investigated in New Zealand pasture-grazed Holstein–Friesian × Jersey cows. Three nucleotide substitutions were identified in exon 5 of the gene (c.702A/G, c.762T/C and c.878C/T), and a single nucleotide substitution was identified in intron 5 (c.880+105A/G). The c.878C/T substitution would, if expressed, result in the amino acid substitution p.A293V. Four nucleotide substitutions (c.*1783A/G, c.*1883C/T, c.*1984G/A and c.*2066T/C/G) were identified in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR), and these resulted in three nucleotide sequence variants (named a, b and c). The sequence that would encode valine (V) at position 293 of SCD was linked to 3′-UTR variant a, and the sequence that would encode alanine (A) was linked to variants b and c. The frequency of the genotypes was as follows: VV (equivalent to aa: 15.1 %), VA (equivalent to ab+ac: 50.0 %) and AA (equivalent to bb+cc+bc: 34.9 %). The cows with the V variant produced less C10:1, C12:1 and C14:1 fatty acid (FA) but more C10:0, C11:0, C14:0, C16:1 and C18:2 FA than the A variant cows (P<0.001). Effects of c.*1783A/G and c.*2066T/C/G on milk fat composition were also found for the AA cows. The presence of c was associated with decreased levels of C16:1 (P<0.001), C17:1 (P=0.001), C18:2 cis-9, trans-13 (P=0.045), C18:2 cis-9, trans-12 (P=0.018) FA and C16:1 FA index (P<0.001). The presence of b was associated with increased levels of C13:0 iso FAs (P<0.001), monounsaturated FA (MUFA; P=0.002) and C12:1 (P<0.001).

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20

Zidi, Ali, Víctor M. Fernández-Cabanás, Juan Carrizosa, Jordi Jordana, Baltasar Urrutia, Oliva Polvillo, Pedro González-Redondo, David Gallardo, Marcel Amills, and Juan M. Serradilla. "Genetic variation at the goat hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) gene and its association with milk yield and composition." Journal of Dairy Research 77, no. 2 (April 12, 2010): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000099.

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Hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of energy balance by releasing free fatty acids from adipose triacylglycerol stores. These fatty acids can be subsequently transferred to other body compartments to be oxidized or employed in other biochemical reactions. This enzymic function is particularly important in lactating animals because the synthesis of milk components involves the mobilization of lipid depots to satisfy the large energy demands of the mammary gland. In the current study, we partially sequenced the goat LIPE gene in several individuals. In doing so, we identified two synonymous polymorphisms at exons 2 (c.327C>A>T, triallelic polymorphism) and 3 (c.558C>T). Moreover, we found a mis-sense polymorphism at exon 6 (c.1162G>T) that involves an alanine to serine substitution at position 388. Analysis with Polyphen and Panther softwares revealed that this amino acid replacement is expected to be neutral. Performance of an association analysis with a variety of milk traits revealed that goat LIPE genotype has highly suggestive effects on milk yield (P=0·0032) as well as on C18:3 n-6g (P=0·0051), trans-10 cis-12 CLA (P=0·007) and C12:0 (P=0·0084) milk contents. These associations are concordant with the preference of LIPE to selectively mobilize medium-chain and unsaturated fatty acids.

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Lancet, Jeffrey E., Anna B. Moseley, Steven E. Coutre, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Megan Othus, Martin S. Tallman, Mark R. Litzow, Rami S. Komrokji, Harry P. Erba, and Frederick R. Appelbaum. "A phase 2 study of ATRA, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with high-risk APL (SWOG 0535)." Blood Advances 4, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001278.

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Abstract High-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains a therapeutic challenge, with higher associated rates of early mortality and relapse than standard-risk APL. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a well-established treatment for patients with standard-risk APL, but it is not well defined for those with high-risk APL. In a prior study of patients with high-risk APL, the addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to ATO plus ATRA suggested benefit. The SWOG Cancer Research Network conducted a phase 2 study to confirm the efficacy and safety of the combination of ATRA plus ATO plus GO in treating high-risk APL patients. The primary end points were 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and early (6-week) death rates associated with this combination. Seventy patients were treated. With a median follow-up of 3.4 years, the 3-year EFS and overall survival estimates were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-86%) and 86% (95% CI, 75%-92%), respectively. Overall, 86% of patients achieved complete response. The 6-week mortality rate was 11%. The most common treatment-emergent toxicities during the induction phase included febrile neutropenia, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase elevation, hyperglycemia, hypoxia, headache, and prolonged QT interval corrected for heart rate. Retinoic acid syndrome occurred in 9% of patients. Approximately 37% of patients did not complete all planned courses of postremission therapy. The combination of ATRA plus ATO plus GO in high-risk APL patients was effective and generally well tolerated, suggesting an opportunity to offer a chemotherapy-free induction platform for patients with this disease. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00551460.

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El-Wahab, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abd, and Gehan Salah El-Deen Moram. "Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and/or flavor additives on male rats." Toxicology and Industrial Health 29, no. 2 (February 8, 2012): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233711433935.

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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the broadest toxic effect of some synthetic additives of colorants and/or flavors on different body organs and metabolic aspects in rats.A number of chemical food color and flavor additives are routinely added during processing to improve the aesthetic appearance of the dietary items. However, many of them are toxic after prolonged use. In this experiment, a total of 100 male albino rats of Spargue Dawley strain were divided into 10 groups: G1 was fed basal diet and served as control, G2: basal diet + Brilliant blue (blue dye, No. 2, 124 mg/kg diet), G3: basal diet + carmoisine (red dye, No. 3, 70 mg/kg diet), G4: basal diet + tartrazine (yellow dye, FD & C yellow No. 5, 75 mg/kg diet), G5: basal diet + trans-anethole (4.5 g/kg diet) G6: basal diet + propylene glycol (0.25 g/kg diet), G7: basal diet + vanillin(1.25 g/kg diet), G8: basal diet + Brilliant blue + propylene glycol, G9: basal diet + carmoisine + trans-anethole, G10: basal diet + tartrazine + vanillin for 42 successive days. All food colorants mixed with or without flavor additives induced a significant decrease in body weight, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count. Also there was a significant decrease in reduced glutathione content; glutathione- S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities in both blood and liver compared to control group. On the other hand, a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin were observed in all test groups when compared to control group. Finally, it is advisable to limit the uses of these food colorants and/or food flavor additives especially those used by children.

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Lobley, G. E., D. M. Bremner, and D. S. Brown. "Response in hepatic removal of amino acids by the sheep to short-term infusions of varied amounts of an amino acid mixture into the mesenteric vein." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 6 (June 2001): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001333.

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Under conditions of chronic supply the liver removes most amino acids (AA) in excess of net anabolic needs. Little information is available, however, on how acute alterations in AA supply (as might occur with once-daily feeding regimens) are controlled by the liver. Are these also extracted completely in a ‘first-pass’ manner or are there limitations to hepatic uptake? Furthermore, is the rate of removal ‘saturable’ (by Michaelis–Menten kinetics) over the range of supply experienced under normal feeding conditions? These questions have been addressed in a study that involved acute (4.5 h) increases in AA supply. Four sheep were prepared with trans-hepatic vascular catheters and were offered a basal diet (equivalent to 1.6×energy maintenance) throughout. On four occasions, at 7 d intervals, they were infused with various amounts of an AA mixture into the mesenteric vein over a 4.5 h period. The mixture contained fourteen AA in the proportions present in rumen microbial protein. The amounts infused were calculated to provide an additional one, two, three and four times that absorbed from the basal diet. Continuous blood collections were removed over 2 h intervals before (basal diet only) and at 0.5–2.5 and 2.5–4.5 h of AA infusion. Transfers of AA, from the digestive tract and to the liver, were calculated for both plasma and total blood. The recovery of the infused AA across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) was quantitative (100%) only for histidine and proline, the remaining AA were recovered at 56–83 %. These losses correlated (P<0.001) with the arterial concentrations and were probably due to removal of AA from the systemic circulation by the tissues of the digestive tract. Despite the wide range of net PDV appearances (i.e. absorbed plus infused), the percentage of most AA removed by the liver remained constant, but the percentage varied with AA (from 34 for proline to 78 for tryptophan for blood transfers). Thus, even when supply was increased 5-fold over baseline there was no indication that the transport into the liver declined, indeed the absolute removals continued to increase. In contrast, the branched-chain AA (isoleucine, leucine and valine) did not exhibit constant percentage extractions. Their percentage extractions were always the lowest (16, 10 and 25 respectively) and tended to decline at the highest infusion rates, indicative of saturation in hepatic transport and/or metabolism. The arterial concentrations of all infused AA increased (P<0.001) with rate of infusion, again indicative that the liver did not extract all the net AA available across the PDV. Absolute amounts removed were similar between plasma and blood, indicating that most of the hepatic transfers occurred from plasma. The fractional rates of transfer from total inflow to the liver (i.e. with re-circulated AA included) were 3- to 4-fold lower than rates based on the amounts absorbed plus infused. The highest percentage extraction for total blood inflows was for serine (27), but most were between 6 and 16, except for the branched-chain AA, which were all <1. Use of percentage extractions based on total inflows are probably more appropriate for development of mathematical models of liver metabolism, and the current data suggest that constant values may be applied. The needs of the liver for specific mechanisms involving phenylalanine and histidine (plasma protein synthesis), glycine (detoxification of xenobiotics) and alanine (gluconeogenesis) probably also require to be included in such models.

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24

Ubaid, Jenan Mohammed, Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye, and Imad Hadi Hameed. "Analysis of Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Trogoderma granarium (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH 9, no. 03 (July 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijtpr.v9i03.9071.

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Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of Trogoderma granarium was assayed. GC-MS analysis of Trogoderma granarium revealed the existence of the Pentanoic acid , 1,1-dimethylpropyl ester , (1H)-Pyrimidinone , 5-chloro-4,6- diphenyl, Cyclobutanemethanol , α-methyl- , Nitro-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol , Hydroxylamine ,O-(2-methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- ,Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , methylpropyl)- , Uridine , 2',3'-O-(phenylmethylene)- , 5'-(4-methylbenzenesulfo , Indolinol , 1-benzoyl-, Benzeneethanol , β-methyl-,(s)- , Acetic acid ,2-benzoylthio-,2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester , Phenacyl thiocyanate , Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate , Methenamine , Alanine , N-methyl-n-propargyloxycarbonyl-, decyl ester , Benzoyl chloride , Thiophene-2-ol , benzoate , Ethanone , -(5- nitrotetrazol-2-yl)-1-phenyl- , 2,5-Dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide , Benzamide , N-(3-benzylthio-1,2,4-thiadiazol- 5-yl)- , Methyl p-(2-phenyl-1-benzimidazolyl)benzoate , Methyl-2-phenoxyethylamine , Pentaborane(11) , cis-Methoxy- 5-trans-methyl-1R-cyclohexanol , Nitro-1-phenyl-3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propan-1-one , cis-Methoxy-5-transmethyl-1R-cyclohexanol. Trogoderma granarium produce many important secondary metabolites with high biological activities.

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Rojas Murcia, Nelson, Xiaoyun Lee, Patrice Waridel, Alessandro Maspoli, Heidi J. Imker, Tiancong Chai, Christopher T. Walsh, and Cornelia Reimmann. "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimetabolite L -2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (AMB) is made from glutamate and two alanine residues via a thiotemplate-linked tripeptide precursor." Frontiers in Microbiology 6 (March 12, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00170.

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NAEF, R., and D. SEEBACH. "ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF THE ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE CIS- AND TRANS-CONFIGURATED 2-(TERT-BUTYL)-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIDIN-4-ONES FROM THE AMINO ACIDS (S)-ALANINE, (S)-PHENYLALANINE, (R)-PHENYLGLYCINE, (S)-METHIONINE, AND (S)-VALINE." Chemischer Informationsdienst 16, no. 22 (June 4, 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198522187.

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Gameil, Mohammed Ali, Rehab Elsayed Marzouk, Ahmed Hassan Elsebaie, and Salah Eldeen Rozaik. "Long-term clinical and biochemical residue after COVID-19 recovery." Egyptian Liver Journal 11, no. 1 (September 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43066-021-00144-1.

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Abstract Background The long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unclear. The majority of previous trials addressed the post-COVID-19 symptoms through comprehensive medical questionnaires for relatively short periods after recovery. We tried to detect the potential pathological clinical signs and biochemical residue which persist for more than 3 months after the negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2. Results Among 120 COVID-19 survivors of mean age 38.29 and 55.6% male proportion, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated (P=0.001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer showed higher values in COVID-19 survivors (P< 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in contrast to serum albumin that was reduced in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Serum lipase, amylase and albuminuria were higher in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Regression analysis (AOR, 95% CI) showed that ESR (P = 0.014), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.039), serum lipase (P= 0.018), blood urea nitrogen (P= 0.003), albuminuria (P= 0.046), 25(OH) vitamin D (P= 0.002), and serum uric acid (P= 0.005) were the significant predictors of COVID-19 survivors (94.8% an overall prediction). Conclusion COVID-19 survivors experienced residual significant clinical and biochemical alterations that necessitate comprehensive medical care and close follow-up for longer periods.

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El-Hagrassi, Ali M., Asmaa F. Aboul Naser, Abeer F. Osman, and Manal A. Hamed. "Phytophenolics composition of Ocimum basilieum L. leaves methanol extract and its role in mitigating hypercholesterolemia in a rat model." Current Bioactive Compounds 16 (August 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407216999200820161524.

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Background:: Hypercholesterolemia is considered as one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ocimum basilieum L. against hypercholesterolemia in rats. Methods:: Isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves were determined by UV, 1H, 13C-NMR and1D/2D NMR, HMBC and HMQC techniques. The biochemical evaluation was done through measuring total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine and albumin levels as well as DNA fragmentation pattern of kidneys. The histopathological features of liver and kidney were also examined. Results:: The phytochemical study revealed the presence of seven flavonoid compounds (apigenin-8-C-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-O –glucopyranoside (1), apigenin 6, 8-di-C-β-glucopyranoside (vicenin 2) (2), apigenin 7-O-(6''-O-trans-p-coumaryl)- β–glucopyranoside (3), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (vitexin) (5), apigenin -6-C-β- glucopyranoside (isovitexin) (6), apigenin (7)) and one phenolic compound; rosmarinic acid (8). Treatment with leaves extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for nine weeks simultaneously with oral cholesterol administration (30 mg/0.3 ml 0.7% tween/ animal) to rats fed with high fat diet restored all the biochemical parameters and the architectures of liver and kidney. Conclusion:: Ocimum basilieum leaves methanolic extract succeeded to act as a hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hepatorenal therapeutic agent due to its richness of biologically active phenolic and flavonoids compounds.

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Lachova, Jitka, Rebecca Herzog, Florian Wiesenhofer, and Klaus Kratochwill. "MO679EFFECTS OF ALANYL-GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTED PD FLUID ON THE PLASMA METABOLOME AND GUT MICROBIOME IN EXPERIMENTAL PD*." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab101.001.

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Abstract Background and Aims Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with morphological and also functional changes to the peritoneum limiting the long-term use. PD and CKD lead to vasculopathy, disrupt the endothelial and peritoneal barrier, but also influence the gut microbiome. Microbial dysbiosis in return is speculated to drive inflammation as an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New PD-fluids that could slow or prevent these processes are needed. Alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) has immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties and has been shown to also improve endothelial barrier functions. Our aim is to investigate the effects of AlaGln-supplementation to PD-fluid on the gut microbiome and plasma and effluent metabolome and their interplay. Method Mice (C57/BI6N) underwent a subtotal nephrectomy (5/6 nephrectomy) to induce uraemia. Chronic exposure to PD-fluid was performed for 9 weeks via subcutaneously implanted peritoneal catheters. Mice were exposed daily to 2 ml of commercially available glucose-based PD-fluid (3.86% glucose) without or with the addition of 8 mM AlaGln. Uremic and healthy mice, kept in parallel were used as controls. All mice were fed standard chow and tap water ad libitum. On the last day, blood and an effluent (after a 30 minute dwell) were collected and faecal matter was collected from 3 different sites of the gut (ileum, caecum and colon). The plasma and effluent metabolome were analysed using a targeted approach. 180 metabolites were analysed with a mass spectrometry based kit (Biocrates) in both samples types. Following microbial DNA isolation, the microbiome has been analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The experiment was approved by the local animal ethics committee. Results Significantly elevated creatinine values in mice following 5/6 nephrectomy confirmed their uremic status. Significantly different plasma and effluent levels of alanine and glutamine were found in mice exposed to AlaGln supplemented PD-fluid. A correlation analysis of the plasma revealed the uremic status of the mice as main driver of differences whereas the effluent metabolome was mainly changed by PD fluid exposure. Plasma of uremic mice also showed significantly increased levels of a toxic non-proteinogenic amino acid symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) and citrulline. Microbiome analysis yielded over 2800 amplicon sequence variants. Microbiome composition was location specific and influenced by the different treatments. The microbiome data were also correlated with over 130 metabolites in both plasma and PD effluent. Our data showed increased abundance in bacterial family Pseudomonadacea in caecum of uremic mice and positive correlation with the plasma level of trans-tetra-hydroxyproline. Mice exposed to conventional PD fluid had higher abundance of the bacterial class Clostridia in the colon compared to mice with no PD exposition. Conclusion CKD itself and PD-fluid exposure both affect the gut microbiome and the AlaGln-supplementation effects are likely reflected at the level of microbial diversity and functional interaction with metabolites. As next step specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of these effects are analysed. Preservation of mesothelial and also endothelial cellular barrier function could be a clinically important benefit for patients treated with PD, by preventing increased PD-associated pathomechanisms.

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Journal articles on the topic '3–(trans–2–aminocyclopropyl)alanine'

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