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Journal articles on the topic "3-P sampling"
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Van Deusen, Paul C. "3-p sampling and design versus model-based estimates." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-022.
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The unadjusted and adjusted 3-p estimators suggested by L. R. Grosenbaugh (Soc. Am. For. Proc. 1963: 36–42. 1964) are examined as examples of design versus model-based estimators. This paper shows that the 3-p adjusted estimator has near optimal properties under a regression superpopulation model and is a member of the class of generalized regression estimators having desirable robustness properties. The variance estimators suggested by L. R. Grosenbaugh (1964, and For. Sci. 22(2): 173–176. 1976) also have bias-robust properties. The understanding that the model-based view lends will enable practitioners to consider alternative estimators and to have greater confidence in 3-p sampling as a practical tool.
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Pincus, Robert, Chris W. Fairall, Adriana Bailey, Haonan Chen, Patrick Y. Chuang, Gijs de Boer, Graham Feingold, et al. "Observations from the NOAA P-3 aircraft during ATOMIC." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 3281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3281-2021.
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Abstract. The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC), part of the larger experiment known as Elucidating the Role of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in Climate (EUREC4A), was held in the western Atlantic during the period 17 January–11 February 2020. This paper describes observations made during ATOMIC by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Lockheed WP-3D Orion research aircraft based on the island of Barbados. The aircraft obtained 95 h of observations over 11 flights, many of which were coordinated with the NOAA research ship R/V Ronald H. Brown and autonomous platforms deployed from the ship. Each flight contained a mixture of sampling strategies including high-altitude circles with frequent dropsonde deployment to characterize the large-scale environment, slow descents and ascents to measure the distribution of water vapor and its isotopic composition, stacked legs aimed at sampling the microphysical and thermodynamic state of the boundary layer, and offset straight flight legs for observing clouds and the ocean surface with remote sensing instruments and the thermal structure of the ocean with in situ sensors dropped from the plane. The characteristics of the in situ observations, expendable devices, and remote sensing instrumentation are described, as is the processing used in deriving estimates of physical quantities. Data archived at the National Center for Environmental Information include flight-level data such as aircraft navigation and basic thermodynamic information (NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/7jf5-wv54); high-accuracy measurements of water vapor concentration from an isotope analyzer (National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/c5yx-7w29); in situ observations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation size distributions (Leandro and Chuang, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/vwvq-5015); profiles of seawater temperature made with Airborne eXpendable BathyThermographs (AXBTs; NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020a, https://doi.org/10.25921/pe39-sx75); radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width from a nadir-looking W-band radar (NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020c, https://doi.org/10.25921/n1hc-dc30); estimates of cloud presence, the cloud-top location, and the cloud-top radar reflectivity and temperature, along with estimates of 10 m wind speed obtained from remote sensing instruments operating in the microwave and thermal infrared spectral regions (NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020b, https://doi.org/10.25921/x9q5-9745); and ocean surface wave characteristics from a Wide Swath Radar Altimeter (Prosensing, Inc., 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/qm06-qx04). Data are provided as netCDF files following Climate and Forecast conventions.
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Chowdhury and, Anirban Narayan, and Rolando D. Somma. "Quantum algorithms for Gibbs sampling and hitting-time estimation." Quantum Information and Computation 17, no. 1&2 (January 2017): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic17.1-2-3.
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We present quantum algorithms for solving two problems regarding stochastic processes. The first algorithm prepares the thermal Gibbs state of a quantum system and runs in time almost linear in p Nβ/Z and polynomial in log(1/epsilon), where N is the Hilbert space dimension, β is the inverse temperature, Z is the partition function, and epsilon is the desired precision of the output state. Our quantum algorithm exponentially improves the complexity dependence on 1/epsilon and polynomially improves the dependence on β of known quantum algorithms for this problem. The second algorithm estimates the hitting time of a Markov chain. For a sparse stochastic matrix P, it runs in time almost linear in 1/(epsilon ∆3/2 ), where epsilon is the absolute precision in the estimation and ∆ is a parameter determined by P, and whose inverse is an upper bound of the hitting time. Our quantum algorithm quadratically improves the complexity dependence on 1/epsilon and 1/∆ of the analog classical algorithm for hitting-time estimation. Both algorithms use tools recently developed in the context of Hamiltonian simulation, spectral gap amplification, and solving linear systems of equations.
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Williams, Teresa A., Gavin D. Leslie, Geoffrey J. Dobb, Brigit Roberts, and Peter Vernon van Heerden. "Decrease in proven ventriculitis by reducing the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid sampling from extraventricular drains." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 5 (November 2011): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.6.jns11167.
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Object Ventriculitis associated with extraventricular drains (EVD) increases rates of morbidity and mortality as well as costs. Surveillance samples of CSF are taken routinely from EVD, but there is no consensus on the optimum frequency of sampling. The goal of this study was to assess whether the incidence of ventriculitis changed when CSF sampling frequency was reduced once every 3 days. Methods After receiving institutional ethics committee approval for their project, the authors compared a prospective sample of EVD-treated patients (admitted 2008–2009) and a historical comparison group (admitted 2005–2007) at two tertiary hospital ICUs. A broad definition of ventriculitis included suspected ventriculitis (that is, treated with antibiotics for ventriculitis) and proven ventriculitis (positive CSF culture). Adult ICU patients with no preexisting neurological infection were enrolled in the study. After staff was provided with an education package, sampling of CSF was changed from daily to once every 3 days. All other management of the EVD remained unchanged. More frequent sampling was permitted if clinically indicated during the third daily sampling phase. Results Two hundred seven patients were recruited during the daily sampling phase and 176 patients when sampling was reduced to once every 3 days. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was lower for the daily sampling group than for the every-3rd-day group (18.6 vs 20.3, respectively; p < 0.01), but there was no difference in mean age (47 and 45 years, respectively; p = 0.14), male or female sex (61% and 59%, respectively; p = 0.68), or median EVD duration in the ICU (4.9 and 5.8 days, respectively; p = 0.14). Most patients were admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage (42% in the daily group and 33% in the every-3rd-day group) or traumatic head injuries (29% and 36%, respectively). The incidence of ventriculitis decreased from 17% to 11% overall and for proven ventriculitis from 10% to 3% once sampling frequency was reduced. Sampling of CSF once every 3 days was independently associated with ventriculitis (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88, p = 0.02). Conclusions Reducing the frequency of CSF sampling to once every 3 days was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of ventriculitis. The authors suggest that CSF sampling should therefore be performed once every 3 days in the absence of clinical indicators of ventriculitis. Reducing frequency of CSF sampling from EVDs decreased proven ventriculitis.
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Xiaobing Lin, Xiaobing Lin, Zhe Wu Xiaobing Lin, Jianfa Chen Zhe Wu, Lianfen Huang Jianfa Chen, and Zhiyuan Shi Lianfen Huang. "A Credit Scoring Model Based on Integrated Mixed Sampling and Ensemble Feature Selection: RBR_XGB." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 5 (September 2022): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022092305014.
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<p>With the rapid development of the economy, financial institutions pay more and more attention to the importance of financial credit risk. The XGBoost algorithm is often used in credit scoring. However, it should be noted that XGBoost has three disadvantages when dealing with small samples of high-dimensional imbalance: (1) the model classification results are more biased towards the majority class when the XGBoost algorithm is used in training imbalanced data, this results in reduced model accuracy. (2) XGBoost algorithm is prone to overfitting in high-dimensional data because the higher the data dimension, the sparser the samples. (3) In small datasets, it is prone to form data fragmentation, resulting in reduced model accuracy. A Credit Scoring Model Based On Integrated Mixed Sampling And Ensemble Feature Selection (RBR_XGB) is proposed on the following issues in this paper. The model first aims at the model failure and overfitting problems of XGBoost in the face of highly imbalanced small samples, and uses the improved hybrid sampling algorithm combining RUS and BSMOTE1 to balance and expand the data set. For feature redundancy problems, the RFECV_XGB algorithm is used to filter features for reducing interference features. Then, considering the strength of the distinguishing ability of different models, the validation set is used to assign weights to different models, and the weighted ensemble is used to further improve the performance of the model. The experimental results show that the classification performance of the RBR_XGB algorithm for high-dimensional imbalanced small data is higher than that of the traditional XGBoost algorithm, and it can be used for commercial use. </p> <p> </p>
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Holford, ICR, BE Schweitzer, and GJ Crocker. "Long-term effects of lime on soil-phosphorus solubility and sorption in eight acidic soils." Soil Research 32, no. 4 (1994): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940795.
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Measurements of phosphorus (P) sorption, isotopically exchangeable, KCl soluble and extractable P (Bray(1)) were carried out on limed and unlimed soils from eight pasture experiments on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 years after lime application. Lime increased soil pH by a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of 1.55 units, and there were corresponding decreases in soluble aluminium and manganese. Lime decreased P sorptivity in every soil and at every sampling, but decreases were usually largest at the first sampling. They were attributed to the pH-induced increase in surface negative charge and the smaller increases in calcium concentrations of these freely drained soils, compared with undrained potted soils, of a previous glasshouse experiment. Isotopically exchangeable P was increased by the highest lime rate (5 t/ha) in all but one soil at the first sampling, while soluble P was increased by both lime rates in all soils. Increases in exchangeable P tended to decline at successive samplings, but increases in soluble P sometimes increased and sometimes decreased with time. In general, lime-induced increases in soluble P were consistent with decreases in P sorptivity, although the primary cause of the increases was probably the dissolution of iron and aluminium phosphates. All these changes were conducive to the increased plant availability and uptake of soil and fertilizer P.
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Nayman, Hüma, and Sertel Altun. "What are Teachers’ and Students’ Views of the Learning-teaching Process? A Study on Turkish Language and Literature." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.3.p.28.
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This study aims to examine teachers’ and students’ views of learning-teaching on Turkish Language and Literature course. Also, this study aims to determine the prior learning-teaching strategies of teachers and students. It was designed by qualitative research approach, phenomenology design. In the study, there are two participant groups; teachers and students. In sampling for both teachers and students, convenient sampling of purposive sampling type was used. Semi-structured interview questions were used as a data collection tool. Accordingly, content analysis was deemed proper to analyze the data. As a result, teachers’ and students’ views on learning and teaching are compatible with each other in a general framework such as self-study, students’ involvement, active lesson process, teaching the lesson as art and especially the importance of reading habit. However; in the learning-teaching process, teachers’ most strong emphasis was on individual differences, different/active methods implementations during the lesson and; whereas students’ emphasis was on learning strategies such as memorizing, coding, doing research, observing and teachers’ interest in them. It can be seen in the findings that teachers tend to teach the course by enabling learners to participate and students would like to have an active lesson process. Teachers and students share a similar idea on the fact that the Turkish Language and Literature course is an art; so, the learning-teaching process should be formed accordingly. According to the findings teachers’ and students check the understanding by productivity and test results. Conclusively, teachers and students are keen on an active teaching environment; reading habit is one of the most important skill as the course’s attainment, however exam pressure can limit their actions.
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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Jonathan Kelly, John J. McMahon, Paul Comfort, and Christopher Thomas. "Effect of Sampling Frequency on Isometric Midthigh-Pull Kinetics." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0222.
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Purpose:Skeletal-muscle function can be evaluated using force–times curves generated via the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP). Various sampling frequencies (500–1000 Hz) have been used for IMTP assessments; however, no research has investigated the influence of sampling frequency on IMTP kinetics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sampling frequency on kinetic variables during the IMTP, including peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) at 3 time bands (0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms).Methods:Academy rugby league players (n = 30, age 17.5 ± 1.1 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, mass 85.4 ± 10.3 kg) performed 3 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 2000 Hz, which was subsequently down-sampled to 1500, 1000, and 500 Hz for analysis.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) demonstrated high within-session reliability for all force and RFD variables across all sampling frequencies (ICC ≥ .80, CV ≤ 10.1%). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P > .05, Cohen d ≤ 0.009) in kinetic variables between sampling frequencies. Overall, high reliability was observed across all sampling frequencies for all kinetic variables, with no significant differences (P > .05) for each kinetic variable across sampling frequencies.Conclusions:Practitioners and scientists may consider sampling as low as 500 Hz when measuring peak force, time-specific force values, and RFD at predetermined time bands during the IMTP for accurate and reliable data.
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Chloupek, Petr, Eva Voslářová, Pavel Suchý, Iveta Bedáňová, Vladimíra Pištěková, František Vitula, Jan Chloupek, and Vladimír Večerek. "Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 1 (2009): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978010023.
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The effects of varying periods of pre-sampling handling (1.5 min, 3 min, 4.5 min, 6 min) on selected biochemical indices were monitored in a group of 8–9-month-old common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) kept at a pheasantry in Jinačovice, Czech Republic. The duration of pheasant handling (capture, restraint, and blood sampling) was positively correlated with plasma corticosterone (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.05) levels. Negative correlations were found between the handling duration and glucose concentration (p < 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase level (p < 0.05) in the blood plasma. A significant increase in corticosterone plasma concentrations and a decrease in glucose plasma concentrations were already found in blood samples taken after 3 min of capture in comparison to blood samples of pheasants taken within 1.5 min.
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R, Rizki Aulia, Muzakkir Muzakkir, and Alfiah A. "FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 3 PANGKEP." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35892/jikd.v14i4.283.
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Perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, tetapi masih banyak orang yang melakukannya, bahkan orang mulai merokok ketika dia masih remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara lingkungan, sikap, pengetahuan dan stres dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yaitu purposive sampling didapatkan 57 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji chi square (p<0.05). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara lingkungan dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,032), adanya hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,019), adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,025), dan adanya hubungan antara stres dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,012). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara lingkungan, sikap, pengetahuan, dan stres dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Pangkep.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3-P sampling"
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Turnblom, Eric Carl. "Influence of cutting block size on the efficiency of several 3-P sampling variations as compared to point sampling." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26095.
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For 3-P sampling, an ocular prediction of volume must be made on every tree in a cutting block, which casts doubt on its efficiency in larger blocks. However, it has three main advantages over the standard BCMF prism cruising procedures. First, individual trees are the sampling units, not plots of trees, so greater precision may result for a given sample size, second, no height/dbh regressions need be calculated, third, it potentially avoids volume equation biases when it is used in conjunction with dendrometry. A simpler sampling procedure, ratio estimation, differing from 3-P in that sample trees are selected with equal probability, may also prove advantageous. A study was conducted in the UBC research forest in which several blocks were cruised using all three of these methods. A volume equation, the wide-scale relaskop, and the Barr and Stroud dendrometer type FP-12 were tested as tree measurement methods for use with 3-P and ratio estimation. Results indicate that 3-P is more efficient than point sampling in blocks ranging in size up to between 5 and 14 hectares, depending on the tree measurement method chosen and the height/dbh regressions deemed necessary for use in the standard cruise. Ratio estimation is more efficient than point sampling in block sizes ranging up to 14 hectares depending on the same factors as 3-P.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Book chapters on the topic "3-P sampling"
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de Vries, Pieter G. "3-P Sampling." In Sampling Theory for Forest Inventory, 296–318. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71581-5_15.
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Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, and F. Tamburini. "How to Design a Study Including the Analysis of δ18OP." In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 51–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_5.
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AbstractTo plan a research study, one needs to (1) establish a research question, (2) make a set of observations, (3) form a hypothesis in an attempt to explain the observations and (4) test the hypothesis based on the data collected. The following questions should be addressed when designing a study including the analysis of δ18OP: (i) what is the research hypothesis? (ii) what is the main objective of the study? (iii) what are the aims to address these objectives? and (iv) which techniques are appropriate to address such research question. In addition, one needs to consider (1) which kind of samples needs to be collected, e.g. soil, vegetation or water? (2) in case of soil and sediment samples, which sampling depths and increments need to be sampled? (3) which P pools need to be extracted and analysed for the corresponding δ18OP values? (4) when and how often should samples be taken and (5) how many samples can be processed per week?
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Jerrum, Mark. "#P-completeness." In Counting, Sampling and Integrating: Algorithm and Complexity, 11–23. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8005-3_2.
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Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, D. O’Connell, and F. Tamburini. "Extraction Protocol." In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 17–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_2.
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AbstractStudies showed that the δ18OP is a useful tool to study P in the environment. Adequate extraction protocols for the targeted P pools of the study are a prerequisite for a successful study. Likewise, for most environmental samples, including water, soil, sediment and plant samples, it is crucial that the samples are processed as soon as possible after they have been taken to avoid any alterations of the original δ18OP signature. This is especially true when more bioavailable P pools, like soluble reactive P (SRP) in water samples, are extracted and analysed. Brucite precipitation of water samples should be directly done in the field, fresh soil and sediment samples have to be extracted within 7 days (if microbial P is targeted, on the day of sampling), and plant samples have to be extracted within a few hours of sampling or be frozen. The chapter briefly describes the P cycle in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and give an overview about extracting the most common P pools for δ18OP analysis: soluble reactive P in water samples, sequentially extracted P pools of soil, sediment, fertilizer and plant samples.
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Luby, Stephen, and Dorothy L. Southern. "Recording Scientific Data." In The Pathway to Publishing: A Guide to Quantitative Writing in the Health Sciences, 87–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98175-4_7.
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AbstractThe core of a scientific manuscript is the new data the authors are presenting. These core data should be presented with an appropriate degree of precision that does not go distractingly overboard. Readers are particularly interested in the numbers associated with each group and how these compare. A common error is to frame the study around p-values. A p-value is never the most interesting or most important result. Instead, communicate the magnitude of differences between groups, and use p-values as a secondary assessment of whether the results are likely to be due to sampling error. Well-constructed tables are a useful format for presenting detailed data that readers can carefully review. These tables should be accompanied by a concise narrative in the results section that summarizes the principal finding. Using tables that are clearly described, that are numbered sequentially in the order they are referred to in the text, that allow for clear comparisons, and that avoid common formatting errors improves the communication of your findings.
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Tesfaye, Argaw, and Arragaw Alemayehu. "Climate Change and Variability on Food Security of Rural Household: Central Highlands, Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 379–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_188.
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AbstractThis chapter analyzes the impact of climate change and variability on food security of rural households in the central highlands of Ethiopia taking Basona Werana district as a case study site. Data were obtained from 123 households selected using simple random sampling from three agro ecological zones. Key informant interviews and focus group discussion (FDG) were used to supplement the data obtained from household survey. The monthly rainfall and temperature data are for 56 points of 10 × 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2016. Standardized rainfall anomaly (SRA), linear regression (LR), and coefficient of variation (CV) are used to examine inter-annual and intra-annual variability of rainfall. Annual and seasonal rainfalls show decreasing trends over the period of observation. The decreasing trends in annual and March–May (Belg) rainfall totals exhibit statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.05 level. Kiremt (June–September) shows statically significant decreasing trends at p = 0.1 level. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures show statically significant increasing trends at p = 0.05 level. More than 80% of households perceived that the climate is changing and their livelihoods (crop and livestock production) are impacted. The district belongs to one of the most vulnerable areas to climate change and variability in the country where large proportions of households (62%) are under different food insecurity classes. Results suggest that local level investigations are useful in developing context-specific climate change adaptation.
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Ramos-Galarza, Carlos, Hugo Arias-Flores, Omar Cóndor-Herrera, and Janio Jadán-Guerrero. "Literacy Toy for Enhancement Phonological Awareness: A Longitudinal Study." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 371–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_44.
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AbstractIn this report it is presented the results of a longitudinal pre-experimental study, it was realized a technological intervention to stimulate the phonological awareness through a tangible reading toy based on the RFID technology, consisting of a teddy bear and 30 letters in 3D from the Spanish alphabet. This study started with a sample of 200 children, from them, there were selected 17 children aged between 6 and 7 years (Mage = 6.47, SD = .51) with a phonological disorder from an educative institution. The procedure consisted of obtaining pre-test and post-test values with the Evaluation of Phonological Awareness (PECFO). Sampling inclusion criteria considered children presenting problems of phonemes’ recognition and its relationship with graphemes. During 30 weeks it was realized an intervention with the technological toy and at the end of the sessions, it was applied the post-test. Results of phonological awareness showed statically significant differences among the pre (M = 12.88, SD = 3.53) and post-test (M = 17.17, SD = 2.96) this contributes to the empirical evidence of the intervened group improvement in this cognitive function t(16) = −3.67, p = .002. From this research it is projected proposing technological innovations contributing in the treatment of children’s cognitive difficulties.
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Jjagwe, Aisha, Vincent Kakembo, and Barasa Bernard. "Land Use Cover Types and Forest Management Options for Carbon in Mabira Central Forest Reserve." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2733–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_145.
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AbstractMabira Central Forest Reserve (CFR), one of the biggest forest reserves in Uganda, has increasingly undergone encroachments and deforestation. This chapter presents the implications of a range of forest management options for carbon stocks in the Mabira CFR. The effects of forest management options were reviewed by comparing above-ground biomass (AGB), carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in three management zones. The chapter attempts to provide estimates of AGB and carbon stocks (t/ha) of forest (trees) and SOC using sampling techniques and allometric equations. AGB and carbon were obtained from a count of 143 trees, measuring parameters of diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter (CW), and height (H) with tree coordinates. It also makes use of the Velle (Estimation of standing stock of woody biomass in areas where little or no baseline data are available. A study based on field measurements in Uganda. Norges Landbrukshoegskole, Ås, 1995) allometric equations developed for Uganda to estimate AGB.The strict nature reserve management zone was noted to sink the highest volume of carbon of approximately 6,771,092.34 tonnes, as compared to the recreation zone (2,196,467.59 tonnes) and production zone (458,903.57 tonnes). A statistically significant relationship was identified between AGB and carbon. SOC varied with soil depth, with the soil surface of 0–10 cm depth registering the highest mean of 2.78% across all the management zones. Soil depth and land use/cover types also had a statistically significant effect on the percentage of SOC (P = 0.05). A statistically significant difference at the 95% significance level was also identified between the mean carbon stocks from one level of management zones to another. Recommendations include: demarcating forest boundaries to minimize encroachment, enforcement of forestry policy for sustainable development, promote reforestation, and increase human resources for efficient monitoring of the forest compartments.
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Santos, Gil Luciano Guedes dos, and Leonardo Sena Gomes Teixeira. "Development and application of a chemical desorption method for determination of BTEX in ambient air from gas stations using gas chromatography." In DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/devopinterscie-177.
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Air pollution has caused damage to human health resulting from simple irritations and morbidity in the work to the development of cancer. An analytical method was developed to determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations in samples of ambient air of gas stations by active sampling on adsorbent tubes containing activated charcoal followed by chemical desorption and analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Tests were done using various solvents in order to verify the recovery rate (RR) of each one of them. So, tests indicated that dichloromethane presented the best results of RR, with values above 75% of extraction of BTEX compounds. Sampling was performed in ambient air of gas stations located in Amargosa city in Bahia. The concentrations found in ambient air from gas stations ranged from 16.9 to 44.5 μg m-3 for benzene; 39.9 to 247 μg m-3 for toluene; 15.6 to 29.4 μg m-3 for ethylbenzene; 12.7 to 68.5 μg m-3 for m-xylene; 13.7 to 63.3 μg m-3 for p-xylene and 13.0 to 42.2 μg m-3 for o-xylene. The results obtained in this proposed method were compared with the results obtained in a comparative method using thermal desorption and showed no significant differences, confirming the validity of the method. The concentrations of the compounds found in this study are classified not carcinogenic to humans by RN (Regulatory Norm) - 15 from the Ministry of Labour and Employment in Brazil, with the exception of benzene.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by JULIE A. NEER, JASON K. BLACKBURN, and BRUCE A. THOMPSON. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch20.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—In an effort to obtain information on how Louisiana’s nearshore coastal waters function as shark nursery habitat, a 3-year gill-net survey was conducted between May 1999 and September 2001. Sharks were identified to species, sexed, and assigned a maturity stage, and four length measurements were recorded. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was calculated both on a set-by-set and annual basis to evaluate intra- and interannual variations in shark abundance. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationships between CPUE and the environmental variables temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Kernel density analyses were conducted within a geographic information system to evaluate potential areas of high shark catch abundance. A total of 1,002 sharks representing eight species were captured during 320.42 h of gillnet sampling, for an overall CPUE of 3.13 sharks/net hour. The vast majority (~80%) of the sharks observed were neonate and young-of-the-year individuals, with the remaining 20% of the catch dominated by young juveniles. Differences in CPUE between 1999 and 2000 were nonsignificant (<em>p </em>= 0.084) while differences between 2000 and 2001 were significant (<em>p </em>= 0.025) for all species combined. Multiple linear regressions between CPUE and salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were insignificant for all species with the exception of the blacktip shark <em>Carcharhinus limbatus</em>. Kernel density analysis indicated that the northern and eastern ends of East Casse Tete Island, the gulf side of East Timbalier Island, and the pass between the mainland and East Timbalier Island had consistently high CPUEs during all 3 years of the survey.
Conference papers on the topic "3-P sampling"
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Calorina, Livia, and Hanung Prasetya. "Use of Gadget on Child Development in Children Aged 3-5 Years: Evidence from Melawi, West Kalimantan." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.87.
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ABSTRACT Background: Children nowadays use gadgets intensively, which can lead to addiction. The frequency or intensity of the children in using gadgets may affect their development. This study aimed to examine the use of gadgets on child development in children aged 3-5 years. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Melawi, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 children 3-5 years old was selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were gadget use, maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, family income, number of children, and type of family. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results: Children development aged 3-5 years increased with maternal age ≥20 years old (b= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.11 to 1.35; p= 0.020), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 0.71; 95% CI= 0.34 to 1.08; p<0.001), family income ≥Rp 2,288,000 (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.42 to 1.28; p<0.001), and nuclear family type (b= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.25 to 0.89; p= 0.001). Children development aged 3-5 years decreased with gadget use (b= -0.69; 95% CI= -0.98 to -0.40; p<0.001), employed mother (b= -0.75; 95% CI= -1.05 to -0.45; p <0.001), and number of children >2 (b= -1.13; 95% CI= -1.46 to -0.80; p<0.001). Conclusion: Perkembangan anak usia 3-5 tahun meningkat dipengaruhi oleh usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, dan tipe keluarga inti. Perkembangan anak usia 3-5 tahun menurun pada anak yang menggunakan gadget, pekerjaan ibu, dan jumlah anak. Keywords: gadget use, children aged 3-5 years Correspondence: Livia Calorina. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: liviacalorina41@gmail.com. Mobile: 081346595497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.87
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Blondeel, Philippe, Pieterjan Robbe, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. "An overview of p-refined Multilevel quasi-Monte Carlo Applied to the Geotechnical Slope Stability Problem." In VI ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/yic2021.2021.12236.
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Engineering problems are often characterized by significant uncertainty in their material parameters. Multilevel sampling methods are a straightforward manner to account for this uncertainty. The most well known multilevel method is the Multilevel Monte Carlo method (MLMC). First developed by Giles, see [1], this method relies on a hierarchy of successive refined Finite Element meshes of the considered engineering problem, in order to achieve a computational speedup. Most of the samples are taken on coarse and computationally cheap meshes, while a decreasing number of samples are taken on finer and computationally expensive meshes. Classically, the mesh hierarchy is constructed by selecting a coarse mesh discretization of the problem, and recursively applying an h-refinement approach to it, see [2]. This will be referred to as h-MLMC. However, in the h-MLMC mesh hierarchy, the number of degrees of freedom increases almost geometrical with increasing level, leading to a large computational cost. An efficient manner to reduce this computational cost, is by means of the novel sampling method called p-refined Multilevel Quasi-Monte Carlo (p-MLQMC), see [3]. The p-MLQMC method uses a hierarchy of p-refined Finite Element meshes, combined with a deterministic Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling rule. This combination significantly reduced the computational cost with respect to h-MLMC. However, the p-MLQMC method presents the practitioner with a challenge. This challenge consists in adequately incorporating the uncertainty, represented as a random field, in the Finite Element model. In previous work, see [4], we have tackled this challenge by investigating how the evaluation points, used to calculate point evaluations of the random field by means of the Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion, need to be selected in order to achieve the lowest computational cost. We found that using sets of nested evaluation points across the mesh hierarchy, i.e., the Local Nested Approach (LNA), yields a speedup up to a factor 5 with respect to sets consisting of non-nested evaluation points, i.e., the Non-Nested Approach (NNA). Furthermore, we have shown that p-MLQMC-LNA yields a speedup up to a factor 70 with respected to h-MLMC. Currently, our research focus lies on implementing the use of higher order Quasi-Monte Carlo rules, and hierarchical shape functions in p-MLQMC. Both paths show promising results for further computational savings in the p-MLQMC method. All the aforementioned implementations are benchmarked on a slope stability problem, with spatially varying uncertainty in the ground. The chosen quantity of interest (QoI) consists of the vertical displacement of the top of the slope.[1] Michael B. Giles. Multilevel Monte Carlo path simulation. Oper. Res., 56(3):607–617, 2008. [2] K. A. Cliffe, M. B. Giles, R. Scheichl, and A. L. Teckentrup. Multilevel Monte Carlo methods and applications to elliptic pdes with random coefficients. Comput. Vis. Sci., 14(1):3, Aug 2011. [3] Philippe Blondeel, Pieterjan Robbe, Cédric Van hoorickx, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. p-refined multilevel quasi-monte carlo for galerkin finite element methods with applications in civil engineering. Algorithms, 13(5), 2020. [4] Philippe Blondeel, Pieterjan Robbe, Stijn François, Geert Lombaert, and Stefan Vandewalle. On the selection of random field evaluation points in the p-mlqmc method. arXiv, 2020.
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Hidayati, Ulfah, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo, and Bhisma Murti. "Sosioeconomic Factor Affecting the Performance of Community Health Workers at Integrated Health Post in Purworejo, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.91.
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ABSTRACT Background: Cadre of health provider performance has cadres have a role in achieving the success of the integrated health post (posyandu) program. This study aimed to examine sosioeconomic factor affecting the performance of community health workers. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study. The study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) in Purworejo, Central Java, in October 2019. A sample of 200 cadres was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was cadre performance. The independent variables were number of children, education, family income, tenure, skill, and work environment. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Cadre performance increased with number of children <3 (b= 1.66; 95% CI= 0.54 to 2.77; p= 0.004), education ≥Senior high school (b= 1.46; 95% CI= 0.17 to 2.75; p= 0.027), working at home (b= 2.00; 95% CI= 0.58 to 3.42; p= 0.006), income ≥Rp 1,200,000 (b= 1.54; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.93; p= 0.031), tenure ≥3 years (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.66 to 3.20; p= 0.003), good skill (b= 1.40; 95% CI= 0.07 to 2.74; p= 0.040), and good environmental (b= 1.88; 95% CI= 0.63 to 3.13; p= 0.003). Conclusion: Cadre performance increases with number of children <3, education ≥Senior high school, working at home, income ≥Rp 1,200,000, tenure ≥3 years, good skill, and good environmental. Keywords: cadre performance, community health workers, integrated health post Correspondence: Ulfah Hidayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ulfahhidayatimg13@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725932516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.91
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Hardilla, Dinda Septiani, Harsono Salimo, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "THE Effects of Nutrition Status and Breastfeeding on Child Development Aged 3-6 Years: Evidence From Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.88.
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ABSTRACT Background: Good nutrition and adequate stimulation for early learning are estimated as essential components for child development. The purpose of this study was to determine nutritional factors associated with child development aged 3-6 years. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 preschools in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, Indonesia, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 children aged 3-6 years was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were child nutritional status, dietary pattern, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, maternal employment, and family income. Child development was measured by early childhood developmental screening. The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Child development improved with good nutritional status (b= 1.86; 95% CI= 0.54 to 3.19; p= 0.006), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 0.58; 95% CI= -0.67 to 1.84; p= 0.363), good dietary pattern (b= 1.55; 95% CI= 0.31 to 2.79; p= 0.014), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 2.27; 95% CI= 0.98 to 3.55; p= 0.001), and family income ≥Rp 2,840,000 (b= 1.84; 95% CI= 0.34 to 3.33; p= 0.016). Child development decreased with mother working outside the house (b= -1.31; 95% CI= -2.42 to -0.19; p=0.021). Conclusion: Child development improves with good nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, good dietary pattern, maternal education ≥Senior high school, and family income ≥Rp 2,840,000. Child development decreases with mother working outside the house Keywords: child development, nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding Correspondence: Dinda Septiani Hardilla. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dindaseptianihardilla15@-gmail.com. Mobile: 082373568987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.88
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Rahardjo, Setyo Sri, and Bhisma Murti. "Factors Associated with Service Performance among Community Health Center Employees in Karanganyar, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.41.
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ABSTRACT Background: Based on the strategic plan of the Karanganyar Health Office, the good accreditation and performance assessment of community health center have not yet been achieved. This is inseparable from the performance of the employee service per-formance. This study aimed to determine factors associated with service performance among community health center employees in Karanganyar, Central Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 21 community health centers, Karanganyar, Central Java, in October-November. A sample of 210 employees in community health worker was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was service performance. The independent variables were age, edu-cation, tenure, incentive, motivation, skill, satisfaction, accreditation status of commu-nity health center, and working environment. The data were collected by question-naire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Service performance increased with age ≥38 years (b= 1.09; 95% CI= 0.19 to 1.99; p= 0.018), education ≥diploma 3 (b= -0.40; 95% CI= -1.67 to 0.87; p= 0.535), tenure ≥3 years (b= -0.71; 95% CI= -1.79 to 0.37; p= 0.199), good incentive (b= 0.96; 95% CI= -0.28 to 2.19; p= 0.128), good motivation (b= 0.93; 95% CI= 0.09 to 1.77; p= 0.030), good skill (b= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.06 to 1.88; p= 0.037), satisfied (b= 0.92; 95% CI= 0.05 to 1.78; p= 0.037), and good working environment (b= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.11 to 1.80; p= 0.026). Conclusion: Service performance in community health center employees increases with age ≥38 years, ≥diploma, ≥3 years of service, good incentive, good motivation, good skill, satisfied, and good working environment. Keywords: service performance, employee, community health center Correspondence: Mujiran. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mujiransismiharjo@gmail.-com. Mobile: +62 812-2603-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.41
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Utii, Agustina, Bhisma Murti, Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi, and Priscilla Jessica Pihahey. "Factors Affecting the Perceived Quality of Service and Patient Satisfaction on Inpatient Care of Nabire Hospital Papua." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.46.
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ABSTRACT Background: The government’s efforts to improve public health level are by providing excellent health service facilities, including promotion, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative. The outcome of quality health service can be measured by patient perception and satisfaction. This study aimed to examine factors affecting the perceived quality of service and patient satisfaction on inpatient care of Nabire Hospital, Papua, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Nabire regional hospital, Papua, Indonesia, from March to Mey 2020. A sample of 207 inpatients was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was patient satisfaction. The independent variables were age, income, and length of stay type class health insurance, working, and patient perception toward doctor, nurse, and inpatients facilities. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Inpatients satisfaction decreased with age ≥50 years (OR= 0.72; 95% CI= 0.24 to 2.65; p= 0.720), income ≥Papua minimum wage (OR= 0.77; 95% CI= 0.22 to 2.73; p= 0.685), and length of stay ≥7 days (OR= 0.13; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.53; p= 0.004). Inpatients satisfaction increased with class 2 and 3 (OR= 1.15; 95% CI= 0.43 to 3.07; p= 0.773), non national health insurance (OR= 1.21; 95% CI= 0.46 to 3.23; p= 0.700), working (OR= 2.13; 95% CI= 0.58 to 7.85; p= 0.258), good patient perception toward doctor (OR= 3.03; 95% CI= 1.15 to 7.99; p<0.001), good persepsi patient perception toward nurse (OR= 4.04; 95% CI= 1.15 to 14.17; p<0.001), and patient perception toward inpatients facilities (OR= 26.8; 95% CI= 11.0 to 65.32; p<0.001). Conclusion: Inpatients satisfaction decreases with age ≥50 years, income ≥Papua minimum wage, and length of stay ≥7 days. Inpatients satisfaction increases with class 2 and 3, non national health insurance, working, good patient perception toward doctor, good persepsi patient perception toward nurse, and patient perception toward inpatients facilities. Keywords: inpatients satisfaction, patient perception, health insurance Correspondence: Agustina Utii. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agustinautii1@gmail.com. Mobile: 081240051451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.46
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Putri, Tyas Aisyah, Yuni Kusmiyati, and Ana Kurniati. "Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Aged 25-59 Months in Kotagede I Health Center, Yogyakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.112.
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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a cyclical process because women who were themselves stunted in childhood tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital that is difficult to break This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 25-59 months. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Kotagede I health center, Yogyakarta. A sample of 78 children aged 25-59 months was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height, and maternal education. The data were obtained from questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of stunting increased with low birth weight (aOR= 4.24; 95% CI= 1.70 to 10.60; p= 0.001), non-exclusive breastfeeding (aOR= 2.43; 95% CI= 1.28 to 4.62; p= 0.010), short maternal height (aOR= 2.13; 95% CI= 1.79 to 2.53; p= 0.002), and low maternal education (aOR= 2.30; 95% CI= 1.12 to 4.69; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with low birth weight, non-exclusive breastfeeding, short maternal height, and low maternal education. Keywords: stunting, low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height Correspondence: Tyas Aisyah Putri. Study Program in Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta. Jl. Tatabumi 3 Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: taisyah1996@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725003949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.112
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Lande, K., I. O. S. S. E. Kieldsen, A. Westheim, I. Aakesson, I. Hlermann, I. Eide, and K. GiesdaL. "PATIENTS WITH MILD ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION HAVE INCREASED PLATELET SIZE AND RELEASE REACTION ANO SHOW INCREASED RECEPTOR RESPONSE TO INFUSED ADRENALINE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644261.
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Hypertensive (n = 35) and normotensive {n = 44) men all 42 years old were studied. The hypertensive (HT) had larger venous platelets than the normotensive (HT) (7.46 ± 0.10 vs 7.12 ± 0.09 10-15 1, p = 0.01). Plasma concentration of |3-thromboglobulin (BTG) was increased in arterial blood in hypertensive (40 ± 8 vs 21 ± 2 ug/1, p=0.02) while the venous values were similar in the two groups. Despite similar sampling procedure, the normotensive subjects had markedly higher BTGconcentration in venous compared to arterial blood (p≺0.01) at variance from thehypertensive where the arteriovenous difference in plasma BTG concentration was not present. Adrenaline was infused to 13 hypertensive and 12 normotensive subjects with dose gradually increasing to 0.04 pg/kg/min. Forearm blood flow was measured by strain gauge technique and relative forearm resistance calculated as mean blood pressure divided by flow. Twelve normotensive subjects (control group) received saline infusion.Change in forearm resistance reflectsβ2- activation of smooth vascular cells, change in platelet count reflects splenic liberation of platelets in response to adrenergic stimulation while change in BTG may reflect platelet release upon stimulation of α2 -receptors. Thus, middle aged men with essential hypertension show increased sensitivity to adrenaline infusion in vascular smooth muscle, spleen and platelets.
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Wesner, M. F., Joel Pokorny, Vivianne C. Smith, and D. L. Feige. "Effect of detection criterion on foveal cone thresholds." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mcc2.
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Assuming a binomial sampling of LWS and MWS cones in the fovea and Poisson-distributed quantal stimulus fluctuation, we can estimate three important parameters from threshold detection data: the minimum number of quanta absorbed per cone (C ~ 3–6), the number of cones illuminated by C quanta (N~1–2), and the proportion of LWS cones in the fovea (P L ).1,2 We combined the method of constant stimuli with a rating response to examine the effect of observer criterion to the parameters C and N. The test stimulus was a 1′ point source of 520-620-nm wavelength, pulsed for 0.5 ms at an eccentricity of 8.5′. A different foveal location was sampled on each trial. Observers responded using one of four rating criteria: (1) definitely present; (2) probably present; (3) possibly present; and (4) definitely not present. Three psychometric functions were constructed corresponding to the cumulation of strict, medium, and loose criteria. The data were fit by the model1,2 and showed that the quantal requirement per cone C decreased systematically as criterion was relaxed.
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Teodorof, Liliana, Adrian Burada, Cristina Despina, Daniela Seceleanu-Odor, Cristian Trifanov, Antoaneta Ene, Elena Zubcov, Thomas Spanos, and Oleg Bogdevich. "Environmental toxicants evaluation in a modern monitoring system - Romanian monitox network area." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.04.
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In this paper a class consisting of 8 environmental toxicants were selected to assess Danube River water quality between Calarasi-Silistra sector until the river flow into the Black Sea, the Romanian Monitox Network Area. A comprehnsive comparison between 2 years of investigations in terms of nutrients contribution, such as different forms of nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen (N-NH4+), nitrite nitrogen (N-NO2-), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), organic nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN)) and phosphorus (orthophosphate phosphorus (P-PO4 -3), total phosphorus (TP)), was made in order to provide information on the spatial and temporal variations of this river water quality. Sampling was performed according to European standards and quantitatively analysed using molecular spectrophotometry using UV VIS spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer Lambda 650S. The obtained results showed differences in nitrite nitrogen loads in surface water samples with higher values in the samples collected from the sampling points situated at the mouths of the Danube River into the Black Sea in 2020. Regarding quality classes, the surface waters were generally framed, in good quality class. The nutrients concentrations, combined in CCME WQI index, give an overview on surface water quality assessement in Romanian Monitox Network Area, with a good quality of Lower Danube (Constanta in 2019 and 2020) and fair quality of Danube Delta in 2020, but very closed to good quality.
Reports on the topic "3-P sampling"
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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.