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Journal articles on the topic '3-D metrology'
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Poon, Ting-Chung, Yaping Zhang, Liangcai Cao, and Hiroshi Yoshikawa. "Editorial on Special Issue “Holography, 3-D Imaging and 3-D Display”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 7057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207057.
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Modern holographic techniques have been successfully applied in many important areas, such as 3D inspection, 3D microscopy, metrology and profilometry, augmented reality, and industrial informatics [...]
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Härter, Daniel. "3-D metrology system with internal calibration." Optical Engineering 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 013604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3530130.
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Clarke, Tim, and Richard Gooch. "Real‐time 3‐D metrology for aerospace manufacture." Sensor Review 19, no. 2 (June 1999): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289910266304.
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Sid-Ahmed, M. A., and M. T. Boraie. "Dual camera calibration for 3-D machine vision metrology." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 39, no. 3 (June 1990): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.106283.
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Murakami, Hiroshi, Akio Katsuki, Hiromichi Onikura, Takao Sajima, Norio Kawagoishi, Eiji Kondo, and Tomohiro Honda. "An Optical Fiber Probe for 3-D Micro Metrology." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.524.
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This paper presents a system of 3-D micro structure measurement that uses an optical fiber probe of 5 µm in diameter. The probe is deflected when it comes into contact with a measured surface, and this deflection is measured optically. In this research, we optimize design parameters of optical system using ray tracing, and a prototype of the measuring system is fabricated on trial to verify the simulation results. Then, its measuring accuracies are examined by using the basic experimental apparatus. As a result, it is clarified that the resolution of the fiber probe is better than 10 nm. Also, the utility of this system is confirmed by measuring the shape of a 600 µm diameter ruby sphere.
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Valade, Charles, Jérôme Hazart, Sébastien Bérard-Bergery, Elodie Sungauer, Maxime Besacier, and Cécile Gourgon. "Tilted beam scanning electron microscopy, 3-D metrology for microelectronics industry." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 18, no. 03 (August 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.18.3.034001.
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Liu, Xiao-li, A.-meng Li, Xiao-bo Zhao, Peng-dong Gao, Jin-dong Tian, and Xiang Peng. "Model-based optical metrology and visualization of 3-D complex objects." Optoelectronics Letters 3, no. 2 (March 2007): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-007-7018-y.
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Zhang, Song, Rongguang Liang, and Lianxiang Yang. "Special Section Guest Editorial: High-Speed 3-D Optical Metrology and Applications." Optical Engineering 53, no. 11 (October 14, 2014): 112201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.11.112201.
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Zhang, Xianzhu. "Analysis of 3-D surface waviness on standard artifacts by retroreflective metrology." Optical Engineering 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.602350.
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Shaw, Jonathan, Tuo-Hung Hou, Hassan Raza, and Edwin Chihchuan Kan. "Statistical Metrology of Metal Nanocrystal Memories With 3-D Finite-Element Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 56, no. 8 (August 2009): 1729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2009.2024108.
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Le Cunff, Delphine, Gilles Fresquet, Thierry Raymond, and Dirk K. de Vries. "Uniformity Control of 3-D Stacked ICs: Optical Metrology and Statistical Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 28, no. 4 (November 2015): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2015.2468086.
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Großmann, Constanze, Ute Gawronski, Martin Breitbarth, Judith Baumgarten, Gunther Notni, and Andreas Tünnermann. "18.3: 3-D Metrology System based on a Bi-directional OLED Microdisplay." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 43, no. 1 (June 2012): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-0159.2012.tb05757.x.
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Eiríksson, E. R., J. Wilm, D. B. Pedersen, and H. Aanæs. "PRECISION AND ACCURACY PARAMETERS IN STRUCTURED LIGHT 3-D SCANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W8 (April 7, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xl-5-w8-7-2016.
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Structured light systems are popular in part because they can be constructed from off-the-shelf low cost components. In this paper we quantitatively show how common design parameters affect precision and accuracy in such systems, supplying a much needed guide for practitioners. Our quantitative measure is the established VDI/VDE 2634 (Part 2) guideline using precision made calibration artifacts. Experiments are performed on our own structured light setup, consisting of two cameras and a projector. We place our focus on the influence of calibration design parameters, the calibration procedure and encoding strategy and present our findings. Finally, we compare our setup to a state of the art metrology grade commercial scanner. Our results show that comparable, and in some cases better, results can be obtained using the parameter settings determined in this study.
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Amoah, Papa K., Christopher E. Sunday, Chukwudi Okoro, Jungjoon Ahn, Lin You, Dmitry Veksler, Joseph Kopanski, and Yaw Obeng. "(Invited) Towards the Physical Reliability of 3D-Integrated Systems: Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic (BDS) Studies of Material Evolution and Reliability in Integrated Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 17 (October 9, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0217859mtgabs.
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In this talk, we present an overview of our current research focus in developing non-destructive metrology for monitoring reliability issues in 3D-integrated electronic systems. Working closely with the semiconductor industry, we have been looking at various performance limiting phenomena in 3D-interconnects, the associated dielectrics, and advanced packaging for integrated circuits. The talk will identify some common reliability concerns, and identify some metrology gaps, for 3-D integrated systems. We will introduce a suite of microwave-based Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic (BDS) techniques and show how these non-destructive metrologies can serve as early warning monitors for reliability issues. These techniques are based on the application of high frequency microwaves, to probe impedance changes due to material and structural changes in integrated circuits under various external stress. For example, we will also discuss the combination of BDS with scanning probe infrastructure to create the Scanning Microwave Microscopy (SMM) technique, which has been used to detect buried artifacts and characterize metallic contacts. We further illustrate the capabilities of the BDS-based techniques with case studies of three potential reliability issues in 3D IC. We conclude with a forward look at the future metrology and standards needs 3-D interconnects and the associated advanced packaging.
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Tai, Bruce L., David A. Stephenson, and Albert J. Shih. "Improvement of surface flatness in face milling based on 3-D holographic laser metrology." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 51, no. 6 (June 2011): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.02.006.
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Starikov, Alexander, and Yi-sha Ku. "Special Section Guest Editorial: Metrology and Inspection for 3-D Integrated Circuits and Interconnects." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 011201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.13.1.011201.
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Takacs, Peter Z., Haizhang Li, Xiaodan Li, and Manfred W. Grindel. "3‐D x‐ray mirror metrology with a vertical scanning long trace profiler (abstract)." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 9 (September 1996): 3368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146917.
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Ortiz-Sanz, J. P., M. Gil-Docampo, T. Rego-Sanmartín, M. Arza-García, G. Tucci, E. I. Parisi, V. Bonora, and F. Mugnai. "D3MOBILE METROLOGY WORLD LEAGUE: TRAINING SECONDARY STUDENTS ON SMARTPHONE-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-235-2020.
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Abstract. The advent of the smartphones brought with them higher processing capabilities and improved camera specifications which boosted the applications of mobile-based imagery in a range of domains. One of them is the 3-D reconstruction of objects by means of photogrammetry, which now enjoys great popularity. This fact brings potential opportunities to develop educational procedures in high schools using smartphone-based 3-D scanning techniques. On this basis, we designed a Project Based e-Learning (PBeL) initiative to introduce secondary students to the disciplines of photogrammetry through the use of their mobile phones in an attractive and challenging way for them. The paper describes the motivation behind the project "D3MOBILE Metrology World League”, supported by ISPRS as part of the "Educational and Capacity Building Initiative 2020" programme. With this Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) initiative, we implement a methodology with the format of an international competition, that can be adapted to daily classwork at the high school level anywhere in the world. Therefore, the championship is essentially structured around a collection of well-thought-out e-learning materials (text guidelines, video tutorials, proposed exercises, etc.), providing a more flexible access to content and instruction at any time and from any place. The methodology allows students to gain spatial skills and to practice other transversal abilities, learn the basics of photogrammetric techniques and workflows, gain experience in the 3-D modelling of simple objects and practice a range of techniques related to the science of measurement.
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Pan, C. T., P. J. Cheng, Yeong-Maw Hwang, M. F. Chen, H. S. Chuang, and C. T. Yang. "Three-Dimensional Micro-Flow Measurement in a Capillary with a Diode Laser Micro-Particle Image Velocitometry." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.343.
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A self-built micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) with a diode laser is established to measure the micro-fluidic phenomenon in a 100 μm rectangular capillary. By scanning method, a 3-D flow image with a flowrate of 0.3 μL/min is presented. With this calibration method, the measurement ability for 3-D micro-fluidic dynamics could be achieved. This technique also reveals its benefit and potential in metrology. Hence, it provides a helpful tool for Bio-MEMS research. The experiment is proceeded under laminar flow, Re= 0.011. The measurement range is ranging from 0.05μm/s to 4.3mm/s. The vector grid resolution is optimized to 2.5 μm.
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Russ, J. Christian, and John C. Russ. "3-D image analysis of serial focal sections from confocal scanning laser microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152732.
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The Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) is used in two quite different imaging modes: reflection and transmission. Most instruments maintain their confocal optics only when operated in reflection mode, in which light reflected or emitted from points in the sample or on its surface, lying in the focal plane of the microscope, is detected to form an image. Point elevations can be measured by scanning through a range of focal distances. Recording in memory the maximum brightness at each pixel forms an image containing the “in-focus” information for the entire irregular surface or object (Figure 1). These are powerful capabilities and account for much of the current use of confocal microscopes for metrology of rough surfaces, and for use with fluorescent dyes.True transmission confocal imaging can be achieved by passing the light from the source through the specimen to a mirror, reflecting it back through the specimen again (maintaining the focus in the same plane), and thence to the detector. This is shown schematically in Figure 2. This is only possible with monochromatic light, because of sample-induced chromatic aberrations.
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Gong, Yuanzheng, Richard S. Johnston, C. David Melville, and Eric J. Seibel. "Axial-Stereo 3-D Optical Metrology for Inner Profile of Pipes Using a Scanning Laser Endoscope." International Journal of Optomechatronics 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2015): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15599612.2015.1059535.
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Xue, F., S. Filin, B. Elnashef, and W. Jin. "SHAPE FROM POLARIZATION FOR FEATURELESS AND SPECULAR OBJECTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W2-2022 (December 8, 2022): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w2-2022-143-2022.
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Abstract. Objects with textureless and specular surfaces are commonplace in manmade environments. Their reconstruction challenges optical 3-D metrology methods typically yielding incomplete and noisy results. Existing solutions, including structured light, shape from shading, and learning-based specular removal methods, place a high demand on projection patterns, the number of light sources and cameras, or training data. While requiring elaborate setups, these solutions are not general enough, and their success in handling these surfaces is only partial. To address this reconstruction challenge, we study in this paper the application of shape from polarization for the 3-D reconstruction of textureless objects. Using a single view and a known light source, polarization-based constraints can be expressed as a set of linear equations for the unknown depth. We then estimate depth directly as an optimization problem constrained by the linear polarization equations. Results demonstrate complete and accurate 3-D reconstructions of typical glossy featureless objects, suggesting that shape from polarization is a valuable strategy for generating dense 3-D surface models.
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Garrido-Castro, J. L., I. C. Aranda-Valera, P. Gardiner, P. Machado, J. Condell, C. Gonzalez-Navas, and E. Collantes Estevez. "POS0952 RESPONSIVENESS OF SPINAL MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS USING CONVENTIONAL AND ADVANCED METROLOGY: A PILOT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 740.1–740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.562.
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Background:Spinal mobility is an important outcome in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Standardized metrology tests have been defined and validated. Nevertheless, conventional metrology measures lack responsiveness, particularly in the context of assessing short term response to treatments. Advanced metrology devices have also been used in axSpA, namely optical motion capture systems (MoCap) and Inertial Measurement Systems (IMU). These systems have better psychometric properties in terms of accuracy and reliability for analysing spinal mobility.Objectives:To compare the responsiveness of spinal mobility using conventional and advanced metrology.Methods:Spinal mobility was measured using an IMU based system (ViMove©) with sensors located at: occiput and T3 for cervical mobility, L1 and sacrum for lumbar mobility, and T3 and sacrum for thoracic+lumbar mobility. A MoCap system (UCOTrack©) using 13 markers was also used to record the movements in 3 planes (flexion+extension, rotation, and lateral flexion). The UCOASMI [1] index was calculated using measures obtained by MoCap and by the IMU system. Other metrology indexes based on IMU measures developed by the authors [2} were also calculated. Patients were assessed before (PRE) and 3 months after (POST) TNF blocker treatment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test differences between pairs of pre- and post-treatment. Cohen’s d was use for calculating the effect size of improvement.Results:12 axSpA patients were recruited from the CASTRO cohort (42% female, age 46±11 years, disease duration 16±13 years). Results PRE and POST are shown in Table 1: means (sd), statistical significance, and effect size. Disease activity and functional indexes were lower in POST and these differences were significant, especially in ASDAS. Conventional metrology lacked responsiveness, except for cervical rotation. MoCap showed moderate responsiveness in cervical rotation, in thoracolumbar mobility and with regards to the UCOASMI. Using IMU measures, responsiveness was good in terms of cervical flexion and rotation. For Lumbar (L_) and Lumbar Thoracic (LT_), lateral flexion shown significant improvement and lumbar rotation shown the best responsiveness.PREPOSTSignESPREPOSTSignESActivityIMUBASDAI6.5 (1.6)4.9 (2.7)*0.64C_FLEX77 (22)83 (19)*-0.25BASFI6.5 (2.3)4.8 (3.2)*0.58C_ROT78 (25)84 (22)*-0.22ASDAS3.6 (1.0)2.5 (1.2)**0.87C_FL54 (19)54 (17)NSMetrologyL_FLEX46 (16)44 (19)NSLatFlex9.3 (4.1)10.6 (3.3)NSL_ROT21 (9)27 (9)***-0.66TWD13.2 (4.2)12.8 (3.6)*0.06L_FL32 (1)38 (10)*-0.52Schober4.7 (1.5)4.9 (1.5)NSLT_FLEX62 (28)63 (24)NSIMD89 (15)90 (15)NSLT_ROT63 (19)70 (19)NSCervRot104 (28)118 (24)**-0.51LT_FL52 (15)60 (15)**-0.51BASMI3.8 (1.3)3.4 (1.2)NSTrk_FLEX109 (28)112 (24)NSMoCapTrk_ROT98 (31)116 (21)**-0.59C_FLEX81 (22)87 (20)*-0.28Trk_FL39 (9)46 (10)**-0.7C_ROT101 (28)112 (25)***-0.38TTrk_FLEX119 (36)128 (30)NSC_FL58 (20)58 (18)NSTTrk_ROT137 (34)161 (35)**-0.67L_FLEX107 (24)114 (21)***-0.26TTrk_FL59 (15)69 (16)**-0.6L_ROT67 (21)73 (20)NSiUCOASMIL5.7 (1.5)5.0 (1.4)***0.48L_FL57 (18)65 (20)**-0.41iUCOASMILT6.0 (1.5)5.4 (1.3)**0.39UCOASMI6.1 (1.6)5.3 (1.6)**0.50iCxLPASMI3.9 (1.8)3.2 (1.5)**0.40iCxLuASMI3.2 (1.4)2.7 (1.3)***0.40NS, not significant; *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01Conclusion:Conventional metrology lacks short-term responsiveness. Advanced metrology using MoCap and IMU showed, in this pilot study, better responsiveness compared to conventional measures. Furthermore, IMU provide a feasibility similar to conventional metrology, and could be easily implemented in the context of clinical trials and observational studies.References:[1]Validation of a new objective index to measure spinal mobility: the University of Cordoba Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (UCOASMI). Rheumatol Int. 2014 Mar;34(3):401-6.[2]Validity and Reliability of a Sensor-Based Electronic Spinal Mobility Index for Axial Spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Apr 28;keaa122.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Lenz, R. K., and R. Y. Tsai. "Techniques for calibration of the scale factor and image center for high accuracy 3-D machine vision metrology." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 10, no. 5 (September 1988): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.6781.
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Mehendale, M., L. Hou, R. Mair, M. Kotelyanskii, M. Liebens, J. Derakhshandeh, P. Mukundhan, A. Miller, E. Beyne, and T. Kryman. "Non-destructive In-line IMC Thickness Measurement Using Acoustic Metrology for 3D Stacking." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000274.
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Abstract The constant demand for small-feature-size, high performance and dense I/O applications have necessitated the development of fine-pitch vertical interconnects for 3-D integration. Microbumps and through silicon vias enable the high-density vertical interconnects. As microbumps scale, intermetallic compound formation during thermocompression bonding and its impact on reliability is a concern. In this paper, we describe the application of picosecond acoustic metrology technology as a viable option for non-destructive characterization of the intermetallic compounds. The small spot size technology allows measurement on small bumps, with very good accuracy and repeatability.
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Wolovich, William, Hassan Albakri, and Hulya Yalcin. "The Precise Measurement of Free-Form Surfaces1." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 29, 2002): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1430677.
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We outline a new procedure for measuring free-form curves and surfaces using implicit polynomial equations. Such equations have long been known to offer certain advantages over the more traditional parametric methods. However, the lack of general procedures for obtaining implicit polynomial models of higher degree, which precisely represent arbitrary 3-D shapes, have prevented their general use in many practical applications, including rapid and precise metrology. Recent mathematical advances obtained at Brown University, experimentally verified using a state-of-the-art Chameleon coordinate measuring machine, have demonstrated potential advantages of implicit methods for modeling and measuring a variety of manufactured objects.
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Zhang, Xi, Yuanzhi Xu, Haichao Li, Lijing Zhu, Xin Wang, and Wei Li. "Flexible method for accurate calibration of large-scale vision metrology system based on virtual 3-D targets and laser tracker." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 172988141989351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419893516.
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For the purpose of obtaining high-precision in stereo vision calibration, a large-size precise calibration target, which can cover more than half of the field of view is vital. However, large-scale calibration targets are very difficult to fabricate. Based on the idea of error tracing, a high-precision calibration method for vision system with large field of view by constructing a virtual 3-D calibration target with a laser tracker was proposed in this article. A virtual 3-D calibration target that covers the whole measurement space can be established flexibly and the measurement precision of the vision system can be traceable to the laser tracker. First, virtual 3-D targets by calculating rigid body transformation with unit quaternion method were constructed. Then, the high-order distortion camera model was taken into consideration. Besides, the calibration parameters were solved with Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm. In the experiment, a binocular stereo vision system with the field of view of 4 × 3 × 2 m3 was built for verifying the validity and precision of the proposed calibration method. It is measured that the accuracy with the proposed method can be greatly improved comparing with traditional plane calibration method. The method can be widely used in industrial applications, such as in the field of calibrating large-scale vision-based coordinate metrology, and six-degrees of freedom pose tracking system for dimensional measurement of workpiece, as well as robotics geometrical accuracy detection and compensation.
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Che, Chenggang, and Jun Ni. "A ball-target-based extrinsic calibration technique for high-accuracy 3-D metrology using off-the-shelf laser-stripe sensors." Precision Engineering 24, no. 3 (July 2000): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-6359(00)00031-3.
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Kumar, Upputuri Paul, U. Somasundaram, M. P. Kothiyal, and Nandigana Krishna Mohan. "Microscopic TV Holography for Microsystems Metrology." Defence Science Journal 61, no. 5 (August 30, 2011): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.908.
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<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The continuously advancing Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology requires a robust non-contact quantitative measurement system for the characterization of their performance, reliability and integrity. A TV holographic system with long working distance microscope is developed for the static, dynamic and 3-D surface profile characterization of Microsystems. The system can be operated either in <em>continuous</em> or <em>stroboscopic</em> illumination mode of operation.<span> </span>In this paper we present the development of a microscopic imaging system and its applications <span style="color: black;">for </span>Microsystems Metrology.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.491-498</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.908</strong></strong></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
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Daakir, M., M. Pierrot-Deseilligny, P. Bosser, F. Pichard, C. Thom, and Y. Rabot. "STUDY OF LEVER-ARM EFFECT USING EMBEDDED PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND ON-BOARD GPS RECEIVER ON UAV FOR METROLOGICAL MAPPING PURPOSE AND PROPOSAL OF A FREE GROUND MEASUREMENTS CALIBRATION PROCEDURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W4 (March 17, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xl-3-w4-65-2016.
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Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on-board photogrammetry knows a significant growth due to the democratization of using drones in the civilian sector. Also, due to changes in regulations laws governing the rules of inclusion of a UAV in the airspace which become suitable for the development of professional activities. Fields of application of photogrammetry are diverse, for instance: architecture, geology, archaeology, mapping, industrial metrology, etc. Our research concerns the latter area. <i>Vinci-Construction- Terrassement</i> is a private company specialized in public earthworks that uses UAVs for metrology applications. This article deals with maximum accuracy one can achieve with a coupled camera and GPS receiver system for direct-georeferencing of Digital Surface Models (DSMs) without relying on Ground Control Points (GCPs) measurements. This article focuses specially on the lever-arm calibration part. This proposed calibration method is based on two steps: a first step involves the proper calibration for each sensor, i.e. to determine the position of the optical center of the camera and the GPS antenna phase center in a local coordinate system relative to the sensor. A second step concerns a 3<i>d</i> modeling of the UAV with embedded sensors through a photogrammetric acquisition. Processing this acquisition allows to determine the value of the lever-arm offset without using GCPs.
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Daakir, M., M. Pierrot-Deseilligny, P. Bosser, F. Pichard, C. Thom, and Y. Rabot. "STUDY OF LEVER-ARM EFFECT USING EMBEDDED PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND ON-BOARD GPS RECEIVER ON UAV FOR METROLOGICAL MAPPING PURPOSE AND PROPOSAL OF A FREE GROUND MEASUREMENTS CALIBRATION PROCEDURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W4 (March 17, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w4-65-2016.
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Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on-board photogrammetry knows a significant growth due to the democratization of using drones in the civilian sector. Also, due to changes in regulations laws governing the rules of inclusion of a UAV in the airspace which become suitable for the development of professional activities. Fields of application of photogrammetry are diverse, for instance: architecture, geology, archaeology, mapping, industrial metrology, etc. Our research concerns the latter area. <i>Vinci-Construction- Terrassement</i> is a private company specialized in public earthworks that uses UAVs for metrology applications. This article deals with maximum accuracy one can achieve with a coupled camera and GPS receiver system for direct-georeferencing of Digital Surface Models (DSMs) without relying on Ground Control Points (GCPs) measurements. This article focuses specially on the lever-arm calibration part. This proposed calibration method is based on two steps: a first step involves the proper calibration for each sensor, i.e. to determine the position of the optical center of the camera and the GPS antenna phase center in a local coordinate system relative to the sensor. A second step concerns a 3<i>d</i> modeling of the UAV with embedded sensors through a photogrammetric acquisition. Processing this acquisition allows to determine the value of the lever-arm offset without using GCPs.
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Rahman, Anis, and Aunik K. Rahman. "Nanoscale Metrology of Line Patterns on Semiconductor by Continuous Wave Terahertz Multispectral Reconstructive 3-D Imaging Overcoming the Abbe Diffraction Limit." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 32, no. 1 (February 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2018.2865167.
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Amoah, Papa K., Engelbert Redel, Helmut Baumgart, and Yaw Obeng. "Impact of Flushing Agents in Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) Study of Ethanol Detection By HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Frameworks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 52 (July 7, 2022): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01522133mtgabs.
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Traditional volatile organic compounds (VOC) detection with metal semiconductor oxide (MOS) sensing elements depends on chemical resistivity measurements which require electrical contact to the sensing materials [1]. These measurement contacts / probes are inadequate because they tend to introduce parasitic electrical errors which result in misleading reported resistivity values [2]. On the other hand, contactless broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is a potential alternative metrology [3]. In this paper, we will demonstrate that by using contactless broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS)-based metrology, in combination with a metal-organic framework (HKUST-1 SMOF) sensing element, we can avoid distortions in the reported resistivity values in gas monitoring, as well as develop new and unique mechanistic insights into the VOC detection. Specifically, we show that the experimental ambient influences the detection mechanism. The microwave insertion loss data (S21) shows that we lose resolution when N2 was used as the flushing agent, as compared to air, during the measurements. This suggests a possible competition between the ethanol and the N2 for the unsaturated copper centers inside the MOF. Therefore, we opted to use air as a flushing agent in the subsequent experiments. Additionally, the use of BDS enables stable VOC sensing in air at temperatures below 100 °C, which are well below the 200-300C normally used for VOC detection [1, 2]. 1) Huaping Wang et al 2021 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 33 303001 2) Chem. Soc. Rev., 2020,49, 6364-6401, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CS00778D 3) Papa K Amoah et al 2021 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 135104
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Chernyshenko, A. A., and Yu I. Kamenskikh. "Vacuum system of Watt-balance: development aspects." Measurement Standards. Reference Materials 17, no. 4 (January 17, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20915/2077-1177-2021-17-4-5-12.
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This paper considers issues related to the development of the vacuum system of Watt-balance for the newest Russian Federation primary standard of the kilogram. The authors give a list of the necessary data for the development of the vacuum system of the newest Russian Federation kilogram mass standard, relying on the generally accepted methods of vacuum systems calculation. This paper shows the main stages of theoretical and practical research work conducted in D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM) with the use of the vacuum mass comparator Sartorius CCL 1007from the composition of the state primary measurement standard of mass unit - kilogram GET 3-2020, aimed at developing a vacuum system for the newest standard of the kilogram - Watt-balance. The presented results of the research allow for the development of the vacuum Watt-balancing system.
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MURAKAMI, Hiroshi, Akio KATSUKI, Takao SAJIMA, and Mitsuyoshi FUKUDA. "S1320101 Development of a System for 3-D Micro Metrology Using an Ultra-Small Diameter Optical Fiber Probe : Influence of the surface force." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _S1320101——_S1320101—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._s1320101-.
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Chandler, Clive. "In Situ Delineation Etch Reveals Subtle Detail in SEM Images of Ion Milled Cross Sections Enabling In-Fab 3-D Metrology and Characterization." Microscopy Today 8, no. 2 (March 2000): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500057497.
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Control of layer thickness is critically important in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Cross-sectioning exposes device structures for direct examination but conventional sample preparation procedures are difficult, time consuming, and grossly destructive. Cross sections created by focused ion beam (FIB) milling are easier, faster, and less destructive but have not offered the clear layer delineation provided by etching in the conventional sample preparation process. A new gas etch capability (Delineation Etch™ from FEI Company) offers results that are equivalent to conventional wet-etch preparations in a fraction of the time from a single, automated system in the fab without destroying the wafer. The new etch process also has application in milling high-aspect-ratio holes to create contacts to buried metal layers, and in deprocessing devices to reveal silicon and polysilicon structures.
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Garrido-Castro, J. L., F. Torres Vidal, M. Ladehesa Pineda, M. D. C. Castro Villegas, I. C. Aranda-Valera, R. Ortega Castro, C. Gonzalez-Navas, and E. Collantes Estevez. "FRI0578 DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APP AND WIRELESS SENSORS SYSTEM TO ASSESS SPINAL MOBILITY IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 892.1–893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2137.
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Background:Spinal mobility is an important assessment outcome in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Until now, conventional metrology (Schober test, lateral flexion, BASMI, …) has been used to assess spinal mobility, however, new technologies have been developed that provide better accuracy, reliability and responsiveness. Motion capture has been validated and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors, appears to be a promising alternative. To use this IMU sensors in axSpA patients, wireless systems must be developed and validated allowing to doctors and patients to use them in hospitals and at home.Objectives:To develop an easy to use mobile app and IMU sensors system for analyse mobility for axSpA patients.Methods:A mobile app has been developed (iUCOTrack) that communicates with two IMU sensors (Shimmer 3©, Fig-a). These sensors are attached in different locations: at forehead and T12 for cervical mobility (Fig-c) and T12 and Sacrum for thoracolumbar mobility (Fig-b). The app provides mobility results for the different tests (Fig-d) and store results in the cloud. Validation tests of these sensors, using Matlab©, were done previously [1]. Our study test the validity of this app against a motion capture system, the UCOTrack®, and its metrology index, the UCOASMI [2], and conventional metrology as reference standards. Patiens with axSpA were recruited consecutively from the COSPAR cohort. Conventional metrology, PRO questionnaires and mobility (Cervical and thoracolumbar - flexion, lateral bending, rotation) using the iUCOTrack app and the UCOTrack were registered. Intraclasss Correlation Coefficients (ICC 3,1) between systems and correlations (spearman) with other axSpA outcome measures were performed for testing validity.Results:15 axSpA patients (47% female, age 52±12 years, disease duration 21±16 years) were included. Table shows ROM (SD) in degrees obtained for cervical and thoracolumbar spine measured by motion capture (UCOTrack) and the app (iUCOTrack). In the last column appears the UCOASMI (SD) calculated using angles obtained by each system. All ICC were good (ICC>0.8), and correlations were significant (p<0.05, r>0.8) specially the UCOASMI. Cervical rotation using a goniometer was 106.2±36°, with a significant correlation with both systems (p<0.05; r>0.8). Schober correlation with lumbar flexion was poor (NS;r>0.5) but a good correlation appeared with lateral flexion (p<0.01;r>0.9). Mean BASMI was 4.0± 1.8 with an excellent correlation with UCOASMI measured by Mocap (p<0.01;r=0.93) and by IMU (p<0.001;r=0.98).CervicalThoracolumbarFlexRotLatFlexRotLatUCOASMIUCOTrack79.5(24.7)109.8(29.6)62.5(25.1)100.7(21.6)61.8(25.3)54.7(22.9)6.07(1.66)iUCOTrack83.0(33.6)112.6(44.3)73.9(29.7)114.4(28.1)51.4(16.1)59.4(15.4)6.15(1.65)ICC0.8640.9030.8120.9360.7980.9010.970Corr0.89*0.96**0.82*0.97**0.88*0.97***0.97**Conclusion:New metrology tools are needed to improve features of convencional metrology. Motion Capture has proved to be valid but has feasibility problems. IMU sensor based systems provide similar results to motion capture but it can be faster and cheaper. A system based on mobile app connected to wireless IMU sensors could be a solution to improve metrology in axSpA. Further studies and developments are needed to introduce these technologies in research and clinical daily practice.References:[1] Use of inertial sensors for the assessment of spinal mobility in axial spondyloarthritis patients. Rehabilitacion. 2018 Apr;52(2):100-106.[2] High Reproducibility of an Automated Measurement of Mobility for Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;45(10):1383-1388.Acknowledgments:Funded by Junta de Andalucia (PIN-0079-2016) and ISCIII (DTS18/00046).Disclosure of Interests:Juan L. Garrido-Castro: None declared, Francisco Torres Vidal: None declared, MLourdes Ladehesa Pineda: None declared, María del Carmen Castro Villegas: None declared, Inmaculada Concepcion Aranda-Valera: None declared, Rafaela Ortega Castro: None declared, Cristina Gonzalez-Navas: None declared, Eduardo Collantes Estevez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene
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Novak, James I., and Jonathon O’Neill. "A design for additive manufacturing case study: fingerprint stool on a BigRep ONE." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2018-0278.
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Purpose This paper aims to present new qualitative and quantitative data about the recently released “BigRep ONE” 3 D printer led by the design of a one-off customized stool. Design/methodology/approach A design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) framework was adopted, with simulation data iteratively informing the final design. Findings Process parameters can vary manufacturing costs of a stool by over AU$1,000 and vary print time by over 100 h. Following simulation, designers can use the knowledge to inform iteration, with a second variation of the design being approximately 50 per cent cheaper and approximately 50 per cent faster to manufacture. Metrology data reveal a tolerance = 0.342 per cent in overall dimensions, and surface roughness data are presented for a 0.5 mm layer height. Research limitations/implications Led by design, this study did not seek to explore the full gamut of settings available in slicing software, focusing predominantly on nozzle diameter, layer height and number of walls alongside the recommended settings from BigRep. The study reveals numerous areas for future research, including more technical studies. Practical implications When knowledge and techniques from desktop 3 D printing are scaled up to dimensions measuring in meters, new opportunities and challenges are presented for design engineers. Print times and material costs in particular are scaled up significantly, and this study provides numerous considerations for research centers, 3 D printing bureaus and manufacturers considering large-scale fused filament fabrication manufacturing. Originality/value This is the first peer-reviewed study involving the BigRep ONE, and new knowledge is presented about the practical application of the printer through a design-led project. Important relationships between material volume/cost and print time are valuable for early adopters.
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PRETLOVE, J. R. G., and G. A. PARKER. "THE SURREY ATTENTIVE ROBOT VISION SYSTEM." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 07, no. 01 (February 1993): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000066.
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This paper presents the design and development of a real-time eye-in-hand stereo-vision system to aid robot guidance in a manufacturing environment. The stereo vision head comprises a novel camera arrangement with servo-vergence, focus, and aperture that continuously provides high-quality images to a dedicated image processing system and parallel processing array. The stereo head has four degrees of freedom but it relies on the robot end-effector for all remaining movement. This provides the robot with exploratory sensing abilities allowing it to undertake a wider variety of less constrained tasks. Unlike other stereo vision research heads, the overriding factor in the Surrey head has been a truly integrated engineering approach in an attempt to solve an extremely complex problem. The head is low cost, low weight, employs state-of-the-art motor technology, is highly controllable and occupies a small-sized envelope. Its intended applications include high-accuracy metrology, 3-D path following, object recognition and tracking, parts manipulation and component inspection for the manufacturing industry.
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Pustelny, Tadeusz Piotr. "Electroluminescent optical fiber sensor for detection of a high intensity electric field." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.980.
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On-line testing of high power electromagnetic devices is one of the most important problems of modern industrial metrology. In the paper, the results of experimental investigations of the electric field optical fiber sensor based on the electroluminescent phenomena are presented. The electro¬luminescent effect is observed in some composite semicon¬ductors, among others in zinc sulfide ZnS crystals. In our investigations, the used ZnS crystal was doped with copper Cu atoms as activators. The concentration of activator in the ZnS crystal was about 5.10-4 [g/g]. According to plans of investi¬gations of the elaborated electroluminescent sensor, the spectral properties as well as the intensity of light emission in sinusoidal alternating electric field were tested.Full Text: PDF References:K.T.V. Grattan, Fiber Optic Fluorescence Thermometry, Chapman and Hall, London, 1996 [CrossRef]K. Kyuma, S. Tai, T. Sawada, "Fiber-optic instrument for temperature measurement", J. Quntum. Electronics, 73(3), 1997 [CrossRef]A. Brief, J. Chem. Educ., 88(6), 731 (2011). [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, B. Pustelny, "Investigation of electroluminophores for their practical application in optical fibre sensor technology", Opto-Electronics Rev.,10(3), 193 (2002). [CrossRef]A.Wrzesinska, Photo- and electroluminophore, Wroclaw, PWN Press, 1988, (in polish) [DirectLink]K.A. Franz, W.G. Kehr, "Luminescent Materials", Ullmans Encyclopedie of Industral Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Veinhen, 2008 [CrossRef]A.G. Milnes, Deep Impurities In Semiconductors, A Willey-Interscience Publication, Toronto, 1993 [DirectLink]M. Aven, J.S. Prener, Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Compounds, North-Holland Publishing Company - Amsterdam, 1993 [DirectLink]P.K. Cheo, Fiber Optics Devices and Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1985 [CrossRef]D. Randall, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Grown, Oxford, 2007. [CrossRef]M. Koen, Photoconductivity of Semiconductors, Edited by Parks, New York, 1996 [CrossRef]K.R. Murphy, C.A. Stedmon, Annal. Methods, 6(3), 658, (2014) [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, K. Barczak, K. Gut, J. Wojcik, "Special optical fiber type D applied in optical sensor of electric currents", Optica Applicata, 34(4), 531 (2004). [DirectLink]K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, D. Dorosz, J. Dorosz, "Polarization maintaining fibers for application in magnetic field measurements", Europ. Phys. Journal: S.T., 154, 11, (2008) [CrossRef]
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Shalyt, Eugene, Michael Pavlov, Danni Lin, Michael MacEwan, Helen Lu, and Paul Okagbare. "Process Control for Advanced Packaging Metallization." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2019, DPC (January 1, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2019-dpc-presentation_tha2_022.
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Despite advances in optical interconnect, metal interconnect remains the dominant technology, however the type and diversity of metal structures is rapidly changing. Wire-bonding cannot meet required interconnect density and is being replaced with electrodeposition-based flip chip technology. Modern packaging scheme required high diversity of interconnects within the same device: RDL, mircobump, pillar, TSV, tall (mega) pillar, etc. using sequential deposition of different metals such as Cu, Ni, SnAg/Sn, Au. Diverse challenging requirement leads to evolution of chemistries and process control approaches. Many 20th century chemistries were limited to 1 organic additive for Cu process. Today, up to 4 individual additives are used to dial the process. While most of semiconductor front end processing enjoys the luxury of single-use chemistry, it is not yet considered a viable option for electrodeposition. The same electrolyte can be used for processing over 1000 parts in replenishment mode. Maintaining performance under these conditions requires close monitoring of component breakdown and contaminants accumulated in the processes. There is also a real possibility for disproportional trends for individual components of replenishment package. It is no longer enough to monitor just main 3–6 components of the bath. Successful high volume metallization for advanced packaging requires comprehensive metrology/process control. Presentation will provide specific examples of metrology and process control strategy for various metallization solution with emphasize on breakdown products and contaminants. There is no single technology which can cover diversity of metrology needs. CVS is a versatile technology which can be used not only for control of main additives but also to monitor breakdown products of accelerator, suppressor, leveler, Cu(I) contaminants, H2O2 contaminant and even leached photoresist. In case of Ni chemistry, it is useful to monitor breakdown products of sulfamate. UV-Vis spectroscopy shines at monitoring of leached photoresists, Fe(III), breakdown products of sulfamate as well as control of many main components: Cu, Ni, Co, Au, additives. ICP is the best for ultra low level of metal contaminants which can harms deposition process, as well as low level of some target components, like Tl in Au. Novel approach is developed to track additive turnover process based on ICP results. HPLC is valuable to characterize multiple breakdown products of organic additives, while ion chromatography helps to track transformation of ions, such as oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in Au solution. Surface tension aids monitoring of surfactants and their degradation. It is important to differentiate between R&D study and robust “fit-to-purpose” practical process control. While Ion Chromatography approach would be more appropriate for academic study and perhaps process development, simple robust methods like titration, specific gravity are preferable for industrial process control. Similarly, HPLC is a great scientific tool but CVS, spectroscopy and titration are better fit and safer alternative for in-fab operation. Presentation will provide specific examples and comparative analysis of different analytical methods.
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Tai, C. K., R. Ahmad, H. M. Akil, and M. M. Ratnam. "Effect of Alkali Treatment and Molding Temperature on Flexural and Impact Properties of Coir-Fibre-Epoxy Composite." Advanced Composites Letters 24, no. 4 (July 2015): 096369351502400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351502400403.
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The combined effects of alkali treatment and compression molding temperature on the flexural strength and impact resistance of woven coir fibre composites are investigated. Ten pieces of composites plates made from single-layer woven coir fibre fabricated under different process parameters were used in the study. Five pieces of the coir woven fibre were treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution while another five were left untreated. The compression molding temperature were varied between room temperature (25°C), 50°C, 75°C, 100°C and 125°C. The flexural properties of the composite were evaluated using the three-point flexural test, while the impact resistance was investigated by drop weight impact tests using a specially designed indenter. The indentation radius on each test specimen was measured using a 3-D metrology system and the depth of indentation was determined from the geometry of the indenter. The results show that the maximum flexural load to failure is improved by 38.9% when the fibres were treated and the compression molding temperature is increased to 125°C. The flexural modulus generally decreased with increase in the molding temperature. The depth of indentation in the treated coir woven composites is lower than that of untreated fibre composite at all molding temperatures. The impact resistance of both untreated and treated fibre composites decreased with the increase in the compression molding temperature. Composites fabricated by molding at room temperature, 50°C and 75°C using treated fibre produced the best impact properties.
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Tada, Eisuke. "Special Issue on Robotics and Mechatronics for Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 2 (April 20, 1998): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0069.
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Engineering design activities (EDA) demonstrating the science and technology for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), are being conducted based on the four-party international collaboration of Japan (JA), the U.S.A (US), Europe (EU), and Russia (RF). EDA basically concerns engineering design required for ITER construction and technical development confirming design feasibility. In engineering R&D design, the central role is being played by an International Joint Design Team (JCT) consisting of scientists and engineers from the four parties, conducting work on detailed component design, buildings and plant facilities design, safety analysis and evaluation, and comprehensive overall system design. In engineering R&D, whose final objective is to demonstrate engineering technology necessary for ITER construction, a wide variety of technical development ranging from data acquisition on material characteristics to verification of system performance is being conducted through equal participation of the four parties. Because of the importance of principal ITER components, such as superconducting coils, vacuum vessel, in-vessel components such as diverters and blankets, and remote maintenance equipment, a large-scale project has been set up for manufacturing prototypes, including full-scale models, and for demonstrating performance. In-vessel components such as blankets and divertors are exposed radioactivity of 14 MeV neutrons due to DT operation, and therefore must be maintained or replaced remotely. Plansbased on stage-by-stage ITER operation call for shielding blankets to be replaced by blankets for breeding tritium. Diverters require scheduled maintenance and replacement because they are subjected to severe plasma heat and particle loads. For in-vessel components that undergo scheduled maintenance, remote maintenance is an important technical issue that may affect the performance of ITER, so component structures and layout consistent with remote handling receive top priority and will be subjected to remote maintenance demonstration-testing of using full-scale models. Remote ITER maintenance focuses on technologies involving radiation-hard devices designed for a gamma radiation environment, remote operation and metrology and control for precisely handling heavy in-vessel payloads, and welding and cutting and inspection in narrow confines. Thus, use must be made of robot technologies in Japan and a design concept conceived that meets unique ITER needs. Because device handling precision, the working environment, and other factors surpass conventional technical levels, technical data on large-scale tokamaks, experience in handling heavy payloads in industry, and nuclear field environmental resistance must be studied and system development, including technical demonstrations, conducted on a full engineering scale. This is the backer of ITER device design and development. Good prospects exist for developing a large number of remote maintenance equipment satisfying ITER specifications through the development of a new remote maintenance concept that calls for the handling of heavy payloads with high precision, the acquisition of technical data confirming concept feasibility, the development of components having 2 to 3 times higher resistance to radiation than anything available previously, and the development of remote maintenance based tools that cut, weld, and inspect in narrow confines. In final development, steady progress is being made in fabricating, testing, and demonstrating full-scale remote maintenance. This Special Issue summarizes these achievements and provides an overview of the remote maintenance design on in-vessel components, introducing current status and plans on remote maintenance technology in which the Japan Home Teams is engaged in. Topics covered include the following: 1. Remote Maintenance Development for ITER 2. Blanket Remote Maintenance Development 3. Diverter Remote Maintenance Development 4. In-Vessel Metrology and Viewing Development 5. Pipe Welding and Cutting Tool Development 6. Pipe Inspection Tool Development 7. Thick-Plate Welding and Cutting Tool Development 8. Radiation-Hard Component Development 9. Standard Component Development 10. Data Acquisition and Control
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Listewnik, Paulina, and Adam Mazikowski. "Automatic system for optical parameters measurements of biological tissues." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.846.
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In this paper a system allowing execution of automatic measurements of the optical parameters of scattering materials in a efficient and accurate manner is proposed and described. The system is designed especially for measurements of biological tissues including phantoms, which closely imitate optical characteristics of a real tissue. The system has modular construction and is based on ISEL system, luminance and color meter and a computer with worked out dedicated software and user interface. Performed measurements of scattering distribution characteristics for selected materials revealed good accuracy, confirmed by comparative measurements using well-known reference characteristics. Full Text: PDF ReferencesWróbel, M. S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Kinnunen, M., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., & Tuchin, V. V. (2015). Measurements of fundamental properties of homogeneous tissue phantoms. Journal of Biomedical Optics CrossRef Wróbel, M. S., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Galla, S., Piechowski, L., Sawczak, M., Popov, A. P., Cenian, A. (2015). Use of optical skin phantoms for preclinical evaluation of laser efficiency for skin lesion therapy. Journal of Biomedical Optics. CrossRef Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Wróbel, M. S., Galla, S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Tuchin, V. V., & Cenian, A. (2015). Investigation of photothermolysis therapy of human skin diseases using optical phantoms. In Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. CrossRef Brown A. M., et al.: Optical material characterization through BSDF measurement and analysis, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 7792, 2010 CrossRef 4-Axis Controller: iMC-S8. Operating Instruction. ISEL Germany AG, 2012. DirectLink Konica Minolta, Inc. (2005-2013). Chroma meter CS-200. Datasheet. DirectLink Malacara D.: Color Vision and Colorimetry; Theory and Applications, SPIE Press, 2002. DirectLink A. Mazikowski, M. Trojanowski: Measurements of Spectral Spatial Distribution of Scattering Materials for Rear Projection Screens used in Virtual Reality Systems, Metrology and Measurement Systems, 20 (3), pp. 443 - 452, 2013 CrossRef
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Lee, Dong Hun, Yuxuan Zhang, Kwangsoo No, Han Wook Song, and Sunghwan Lee. "(Digital Presentation) Multimodal Encapsulation of p-SnOx to Engineer the Carrier Density for Thin Film Transistor Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 15 (October 9, 2022): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0215821mtgabs.
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It has been challenging to synthesize p-type SnOx (1≤x<2) and engineer the electrical properties such as carrier density and mobility due to the narrow processing window and the localized oxygen 2p orbitals near the valence band. We recently reported on the processing of p-type SnOx and an oxide-based p-n heterostructures, demonstrating high on/off rectification ratio (>103), small turn-on voltage (<0.5 V), and low saturation current (~1×10-10 A)1. In order to further understand the p-type oxide and engineer the properties for various electronic device applications, it is important to identify (or establish) the dominating doping and transport mechanisms. The low dopability in p-type SnOx, of which the causation is also closely related to the narrow processing window, needs to be mitigated so that the electrical properties of the material are to be adequately engineered 2, 3. Herein, we report on the multifunctional encapsulation of p-SnOx to limit the surface adsorption of oxygen and selectively permeate hydrogen into the p-SnOx channel for thin film transistor (TFT) applications. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements identified that ultra-thin SiO2 as a multifunctional encapsulation layer effectively suppressed the oxygen adsorption on the back channel surface of p-SnOx and augmented hydrogen density across the entire thickness of the channel. Encapsulated p-SnOx-based TFTs demonstrated much-enhanced channel conductance modulation in response to the gate bias applied, featuring higher on-state current and lower off-state current. The relevance between the TFT performance and the effects of oxygen suppression and hydrogen permeation is discussed in regard to the intrinsic and extrinsic doping mechanisms. These results are supported by density-functional-theory calculations. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Award No. ECCS-1931088. S.L. and H.W.S. acknowledge the support from the Improvement of Measurement Standards and Technology for Mechanical Metrology (Grant No. 20011028) by KRISS. K.N. was supported by Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2021R11A1A01051246) through the NRF Korea funded by the Ministry of Education. References Lee, D. H.; Park, H.; Clevenger, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, C. S.; Liu, M.; Kim, G.; Song, H. W.; No, K.; Kim, S. Y.; Ko, D.-K.; Lucietto, A.; Park, H.; Lee, S., High-Performance Oxide-Based p–n Heterojunctions Integrating p-SnOx and n-InGaZnO. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13 (46), 55676-55686. Hautier, G.; Miglio, A.; Ceder, G.; Rignanese, G.-M.; Gonze, X., Identification and design principles of low hole effective mass p-type transparent conducting oxides. Nat Commun 2013, 4. Yim, K.; Youn, Y.; Lee, M.; Yoo, D.; Lee, J.; Cho, S. H.; Han, S., Computational discovery of p-type transparent oxide semiconductors using hydrogen descriptor. npj Computational Materials 2018, 4 (1), 17. Figure 1
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Lee, Sunghwan, Donghun Lee, Fei Qin, Yuxuan Zhang, Molly Rothschild, Han Wook Song, and Kwangsoo No. "(Invited) Oxide Electronics and Recent Progress in Bipolar Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 19 (July 7, 2022): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01191071mtgabs.
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The discovery of oxide electronics is of increasing importance today as one of the most promising new technologies and manufacturing processes for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications such as next-generation displays, batteries, solar cells, memory devices, and photodetectors[1]. The high potential use seen in oxide electronics is due primarily to their high carrier mobilities and their ability to be fabricated at low temperatures[2]. However, since the majority of oxide semiconductors are n-type oxides, current applications are limited to unipolar devices, eventually developing oxide-based bipolar devices such as p-n diodes and complementary metal-oxide semiconductors. We have contributed to a wide range of oxide semiconductors and their electronics and optoelectronic device applications. Particularly, we have demonstrated n-type oxide-based thin film transistors (TFT), integrating In2O3-based n-type oxide semiconductors from binary cation materials to ternary cation species including InZnO, InGaZnO (IGZO), and InAlZnO. We have suggested channel/metallization contact strategies to achieve stable and high TFT performance[3, 4], identified vacancy-based native defect doping mechanisms[5], suggested interfacial buffer layers to promote charge injection capability[6], and established the role of third cation species on the carrier generation and carrier transport[7]. More recently, we have reported facile manufacturing of p-type SnOx through reactive magnetron sputtering from a Sn metal target[8]. The fabricated p-SnOx was found to be devoid of metallic phase of Sn from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and demonstrated stable performance in a fully oxide-based p-n heterojunction together with n-InGaZnO. The oxide-based p-n junctions exhibited a high rectification ratio greater than 103 at ±3 V, a low saturation current of ~2x10-10, and a small turn-on voltage of -0.5 V. In this presentation, we review recent achievements and still remaining issues in transition metal oxide semiconductors and their device applications, in particular, bipolar applications including p-n heterostructures and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices as well as single polarity devices such as TFTs and memristors. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms of carrier transport behaviors and doping mechanisms that govern the performance of these oxide-based devices will also be discussed. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Award No. ECCS-1931088. S.L. and H.W.S. acknowledge the support from the Improvement of Measurement Standards and Technology for Mechanical Metrology (Grant No. 20011028) by KRISS. K.N. was supported by Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2021R11A1A01051246) through the NRF Korea funded by the Ministry of Education. REFERENCES [1] K. Nomura et al., Nature, vol. 432, no. 7016, pp. 488-492, Nov 25 2004. [2] D. C. Paine et al., Thin Solid Films, vol. 516, no. 17, pp. 5894-5898, Jul 1 2008. [3] S. Lee et al., Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 109, no. 6, p. 063702, Mar 15 2011, Art. no. 063702. [4] S. Lee et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 104, no. 25, p. 252103, 2014. [5] S. Lee et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, no. 5, p. 052101, Feb 4 2013, Art. no. 052101. [6] M. Liu et al., ACS Applied Electronic Materials, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 2703-2711, 2021/06/22 2021. [7] A. Reed et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 10.1039/D0TC02655G vol. 8, no. 39, pp. 13798-13810, 2020. [8] D. H. Lee et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 46, pp. 55676-55686, 2021/11/24 2021.
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Öz, N., A. Ozer, and M. T. Duruöz. "AB1064 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISEASE ACTIVITY AND CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY PATIENTS RECEIVING BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1753.2–1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1785.
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BackgroundSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Most patients with SpA complain of chronic pain during the course of the disease. Chronic pain can be explained by central sensitization (SS).ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the relationship between disease activity and SS in patients with SpA receiving biologic therapy.Methods92 patients with SpA who met the ASAS criteria were included in thisretrospectivestudy. Demographic characteristics of patients, comorbidities, drug treatments used, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), visual analog scale (VAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (ASDAS-CRP), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), Central Sensitization Scale (SSS) were calculated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to BASDAI score <4 low disease activity and ≥4 high disease activity. All parameters between groups were compared. The correlation between the patients’ SSQ scores and their BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP scores was analyzed. In addition, ROC analysis was performed to estimate the disease activity of the SS value and the optimal threshold value was determined.ResultsThe proportion of patients with high disease activity was 41.3% (n=38 patients). There was no statistically significant difference between the low disease activity (group 1) and high disease activity (group 2) groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, comorbid diseases, and the medical treatment (NSAID, steroid, methotrexate, sulfasalazine). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in ESH, CRP and vitamin D levels. SS, MASES, BASFI, and ASDAS-CRP were found to be significantly higher in group 2 patients, respectively (40.87 ± 12.26 vs. 26.78 ± 11.81, p < 0.001; 6.32 ± 3.60 vs. 3.69 ± 3.05, p = 0.001; 5.77 ± 2.12 against 2.80 ± 1.33, p < 0.001, 3.35 ± 0.70 versus 2.43 ± 0.45, p < 0.001). A moderate correlation was found between the SS scale and ASDAS-CRP (r:0.421; p<0.001) and BASDAI (r:0.581; p<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal threshold value of the SS scale score for high disease activity was 31.5% with 78.3% sensitivity and 76.1% specificity (AUC: 0.802, 95% CI: 0.687-0.917, p<0.001) (Figure 1).ConclusionIt has been shown that the central sensitization scale, which is a simple and applicable scale, can be used to evaluate disease activity in SpA patients receiving biologic therapy.References[1]Salaffi F, et al. Early response to JAK inhibitors on central sensitization and pain catastrophizing in central sensitization rheumatoid patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Jun;30(3):1119-1128.[2]Kleinert S, et al. Impairment in cognitive function in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2022 Nov 28.Table 1.BASDAİ <4(n:54)BASDAİ ≥4(n:38)PvalueAge, years43.6 ± 9.344.7 ± 8.60.594 Female gender, n (%)17 (31.5)11 (28.9)0.795 BMI, kg/m²26.7 ± 4.027.1 ± 4.20.712 Marital status single, n (%)8 (14.8)2 (5.3)0.187Comorbidity Menopause, n (%)2 (11.8)2 (16.7)0.706 Hypertension, n (%)3 (5.6)1 (2.6)0.640 Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)2 (3.7)0 (0)0.230 Hypothyroidism, n (%)3 (5.6)0 (0)0.140 History of Cancer, n (%)0 (0)1 (2.6)0.231 Amyloidosis, n (%)0 (0)1 (2.6)0.231 History of Uveitis, n (%)6 (11.4)3 (7.9)0.609Laboratory CRP, mg/dl8.10 ± 10.0312.18 ± 15.840.134 25 (OH) Vitamin D, ng/ml26.69 ± 42.3621.68 ± 7.670.479Treatment Methotrexate, n (%)7 (13.0)8 (21.1)0.301 Steroid, n (%)5 (9.3)2 (5.3)0.695 NSAID, n (%)46 (85.2)36 (94.7)0.187Hastalik Aktivite Skorlari BASMİ3.07 ± 1.703.34 ± 2.350.527 BASFİ2.80 ± 1.335.77 ± 2.12<0.001 VAS50.46 ± 21.5553.16 ± 16.450.518 BASDAİ2.58 ± 0.865.87 ± 1.33<0.001 ASDAS-CRP2.43 ± 0.493.35 ± 0.70<0.001 MASES3.69 ± 3.056.32 ± 3.600.001 Central Sensitization Scale26.78 ± 11.8140.87 ± 12.26<0.001Figure 1.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Saraç, D. C., S. Bayram, N. G. Tore, F. Sarİ, D. Oskay, A. Avanoğlu Güler, and A. Tufan. "THU0633-HPR CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 561.2–562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5685.
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Background:It is stated that the muscles responsible for spinal stability around the trunk show long-term activity at low intensity in daily life, therefore, endurance insufficiency can cause loss of functionality and spinal stabilization and may induce pain (1).Objectives:The primary purpose of this study was to compare the core muscle endurance of individuals with AS with the core muscle endurance of healthy individuals. The secondary aim of the study was to examine the association between core muscle endurance and balance, disease activity, spinal mobility, functional status, physical activity level and fatigue in individuals with AS.Methods:The research is a cross-sectional study. 41 patients with AS and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. The core muscle endurance of both groups was assessed with trunk extension test, trunk flexion test, right and left side plank tests (2). In addition, in the AS group relationship between core endurance and balance, thoracic kyphosis angle, disease activity, functionality, spinal mobility, physical activity and fatigue was examined. Balance was evaluated with BIODEX Balance Systems and thoracic kyphosis angle was evaluated with a digital inclinometer. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used to assess disease activity, functionality, spinal mobility, physical activity and fatigue respectively.Results:Significant differences were found between AS group and control group in core endurance were summarized in Table 1. Additionally, significant relationships were observed between core endurance and all the assessed parameters except thoracic kyphosis angle (p<0.05), (Table 2).Table 1.Comparision of Core Endurance between AS and Control GroupsAS Group (n=41)Median (IQR)Control Group (n=40)Median (IQR)PTrunk Extensor Test (sec)44.0 (12.0–77.5)98.25 (63.75-120.0)<0.001Trunk Flexor Test (sec)41.0 (15.0–66.0)93.0 (55.85-120.0)<0.001Dominant Side Plank Test (sec)29.0 (9.8–62.0)43.27 (28.57–68.25)0.046Non-Dominat Side Plank Test (sec)32.0 (10.0–61.32)41.25 (25.0- 62.37)0.092p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U Test; AS: Ankylosing Spondylitis, IQR: Interquartile Range sec: secondsTable.2Association between core endurance and other parametersTrunk Extensor TestTrunk Flexor TestDominant Side Plank TestNon-Dominant Side Plank TestPain (VAS)-0.535*-0.339*-0.369*-0.203Stiffness (VAS)-0.496*-0.234-0.377*0.224Overall Stability Index-0.480*-0.488*-0.725*-0.702*BASFI-0.505*-0.441*-0.562*-0.574*BASMI-0.587*-0.390*-0.613*-0.501*BASDAI-0.468*-0.202-0.433*-0.345*Kyphosis Angle(o)-0.262-0.287-0.215-0.258IPAQ-0.354*-0.355*-0.523*-0.451*FSS-0.545*-0.445*-0.542*-0.502**: Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (rho), p<0.05; VAS: Visual Analog Scale, BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, IPAQ:International Physical Activity Questionnaire, FSS: Fatigue Severity ScaleConclusion:Core muscle endurance is lower in patients with AS and it is in relation with many factors regarding the disease. The use of these tests may provide additional information about the patients’ situation for clinicians.References:[1]Özyürek, S., D. Bayraktar, and A. Genç,Are the alterations in body posture related to decreased trunk muscleendurance in healthy young adults? Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 2018. 31(3): p. 431-436.[2]McGill, S.M., Low back stability: from formal description to issues for performance and rehabilitation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2001. 29(1): p. 26-31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Zhou, W., M. He, R. Zhao, C. Dong, and Z. Gu. "AB1331-HPR ACTIVE DISEASE ACTIVITY IN ANKYLOSIS SPONDYLITIS: WORSE OUTCOMES AND POORER HR-QOL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1954.2–1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6288.
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Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine, resulting in decline in quality of life[1,2]. Poor QoL is significantly related to high disease activity[3]. However, there is no systematic report on which prognosis indicators are affected by disease activity in AS patients.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the patient-reported outcome measures and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in AS patients defined on the basis of the Bath Spondylitis Ankylosing Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).Methods:204 AS patients were involved in this study. A serious of questionnaires were used to overall assess AS patients, which include: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), the Fatigue Severity Scale(FSS) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square analysis and Pearson /Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data.Results:The results demonstrated 31.4% AS patients were in active disease activity stage. Active AS patients were older, unemployed, and had less exercise therapy than stable AS patients. Besides, AS patients with active disease activity presented more severe pain(P<0.001), poor physical function(P<0.001) and spinal mobility(P<0.001). They were more anxious(P<0.001), depressed(P<0.001) and had more sleep disturbance(P=0.001). Compared with active AS patients, stable AS patients had more leukocytes(P=0.040), lymphocytes(P=0.002), erythrocytes(P=0.001) and hemoglobin(P<0.001). Active disease activity had a significant impact on all dimensions of quality of life in AS patients(P<0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggested that medical personnel should pay more attention to active AS patients and make effective interventions to improve quality of life.References:[1]Exarchou S, Lindstrom U, Askling J, Eriksson JK, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Neovius M, Turesson C, Kristensen LE, Jacobsson LT (2015) The prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical manifestations: a nationwide register study. Arthritis research & therapy 17:118. doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0627-0[2]Qian Q, Xu X, He H, Ji H, Zhang H, Ding Y, Dai SM, Zou Y, Zhu Q, Yang C, Ye S, Jiang L, Tang JP, Tong Q, He D, Zhao D, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Jin L, Zhou X, Reveille JD, Zou H, Wang J (2017) Clinical patterns and characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis in China. Clinical rheumatology 36 (7):1561-1568. doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3660-3[3]Huang JC, Qian BP, Qiu Y, Wang B, Yu Y, Zhu ZZ, Hu J, Qu Z (2017) Quality of life and correlation with clinical and radiographic variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective case series study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 18 (1):352. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1711-1Acknowledgments:Thanks to all the authors for their efforts and thanks to all members of the Department of Rheumatology of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University for their helpfulness in the acquisition of data.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Hu, L., X. Ji, and F. Huang. "THU0389 OBESITY IS A STRONG PREDICTOR OF WORSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND TREATMENT RESPONSES TO BIOLOGICS IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 429.2–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4445.
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Background:Obesity population are rising rapidly and have become a major health issue. Studies have shown that obesity is a low-grade inflammatory status characterized by increase in proinflammatory cytokines.Objectives:To examine the impact of overweight or obesity on disease activity and treatment responses to biologics in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a real-world setting.Methods:Body mass index (BMI) is available in 1013 patients from the Chinese Ankylosing Spondylitis Imaging Cohort (CASPIC). Differences in clinical outcomes (such as BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI, and ASAS HI) and treatment responses to biologics (ΔBASDAI and ΔASDAS) over 3, 6, 9, and 12 months are assessed between BMI categories (normal weight BMI <24 kg/m2; overweight BMI=24-28 kg/m2; obesity BMI ≥28 kg/m2) using Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between BMI and clinical characteristics and treatment responses to biologics was determined, and multivariate median regression analyses were conducted to adjust for confounders (such as age, gender, smoke, and HLA-B27).Results:Among 1013 patients with AS, overweight accounts for 33%, while obesity for 12.4%. There were significant differences between patients who were obese or overweight and those with a normal weight regarding clinical outcomes (BASDAI: 2.90/2.56 vs 2.21; ASDAS-CRP: 2.20/1.99 vs 1.81; BASFI: 2.13/1.69 vs 1.38; ASAS HI: 6.87/5.29 vs 5.12 and BASMI: 2.35/1.76 vs 1.62; all P<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, smoke, and HLA-B27, obesity remained associated with higher disease activity (BASDAI: β=0.55, P=0.005; ASDAS-CRP: β=0.40, P<0.001), poorer functional capacity (BASFI: β=0.58, P=0.001), worse health index (ASAS HI: β=1.92, P<0.001) and metrology index (BASMI: β=0.71, P=0.013). For TNFi users, BMI was found to be negatively correlated with changes in disease activity (ΔBASDAI and ΔASDAS) in the multivariate regression model (all P<0.05), and overweight and obese patients showed an unsatisfactory reduction in disease activity during 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month follow-up period, compared to normal weight patients (all P<0.05).Conclusion:Overweight or obesity impacts greatly on clinical outcomes and treatment responses to biologics in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which argues strongly for obesity management to become central to prevention and treatment strategies in patients with AS.References:[1]Maachi M, Pieroni L, Bruckert E, et al. Systemic low-grade inflammation is related to both circulating and adipose tissue TNFalpha, leptin and IL-6 levels in obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:993–7.Figure 1.Changes of disease activity for TNFi users during 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month follow-up according to BMI categories. a: vs. normal weight, P<0.05 in 3 months; b: vs. normal weight, P<0.05 in 6 months; c: vs. normal weight, P<0.05 in 9 months; d: vs. normal weight, P<0.05 in 12 months.Acknowledgments:We appreciate the contribution of the present or former members of the CASPIC study group.Disclosure of Interests:None declared