Journal articles: '2DE'

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Zhan, Xianquan, Biao Li, Xiaohan Zhan, Hartmut Schlüter, Peter R. Jungblut, and Jens R. Coorssen. "Innovating the Concept and Practice of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Proteomes at the Proteoform Level." Proteomes 7, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7040036.

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an important and well-established technical platform enabling extensive top-down proteomic analysis. However, the long-held but now largely outdated conventional concepts of 2DE have clearly impacted its application to in-depth investigations of proteomes at the level of protein species/proteoforms. It is time to popularize a new concept of 2DE for proteomics. With the development and enrichment of the proteome concept, any given “protein” is now recognized to consist of a series of proteoforms. Thus, it is the proteoform, rather than the canonical protein, that is the basic unit of a proteome, and each proteoform has a specific isoelectric point (pI) and relative mass (Mr). Accordingly, using 2DE, each proteoform can routinely be resolved and arrayed according to its different pI and Mr. Each detectable spot contains multiple proteoforms derived from the same gene, as well as from different genes. Proteoforms derived from the same gene are distributed into different spots in a 2DE pattern. High-resolution 2DE is thus actually an initial level of separation to address proteome complexity and is effectively a pre-fractionation method prior to analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Furthermore, stable isotope-labeled 2DE coupled with high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) has tremendous potential for the large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of the proteoforms that constitute proteomes.

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La Canna, Giovanni, Iside Scarfò, Irina Arendar, Antonio Colombo, Lucia Torracca, Davide Margonato, Matteo Montorfano, and Ottavio Alfieri. "Targeting Alcohol Septal Ablation in Patients with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Candidates for Surgical Myectomy: Added Value of Three-Dimensional Intracoronary Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102166.

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Background: Myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography (MC-2DE) is widely used to address alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Owing to its limited cut-planes, MC-2DE may inaccurately identify the contrast misplacement associated with an unsuccessful or complicated ASA outcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the added value of myocardial contrast three-dimensional echocardiography (MC-3DE) compared with MC-2DE to identify the appropriate matching between the target septal zone (TSZ) and coronary artery branch for safe and long-term effective ASA in HCM patients. Methods: A consecutive series of 52 symptomatic obstructive HCM patients referred for isolated surgical myectomy (SM) was analyzed with MC-2DE and MC-3DE following injection of echocontrast into one or more septal branches. MC-2DE and MC-3DE patterns were categorized according to complete (Type 1) or incomplete (Type 2) TSZ covering, high-risk (Type 3) exceeding TSZ, or life-threatening outside TSZ distribution (Type 4). Results: MC-2DE per patient analysis showed a Type 1 pattern in 32 patients and Types 2–4 in the remaining 20 patients; subsequent MC-3DE analysis provided a re-phenotyping of MC-2DE findings in 22 of the 52 patients (42%), showing a high-risk Type 2 pattern in 17 of the 32 patients with Type 1, and a new life-threatening Type 4 in three patients with Type 2, respectively. All patients with MC-3DE Type 1 pattern underwent safe and effective ASA with a long-term uneventful follow-up, while the remaining patients underwent SM. Conclusions: Refining high risk or life-threatening contrast misplacement, MC-3DE is more accurate than conventional MC-2DE to target safe and long-term effective septal reduction with ASA in obstructive HCM patients referred for isolated SM.

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Buccheri, Sergio, Ines Monte, Sarah Mangiafico, Vera Bottari, Stefano Leggio, and Corrado Tamburino. "Feasibility, Reproducibility, and Agreement between Different Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Techniques for the Assessment of Longitudinal Deformation." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/297895.

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Background.Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation can be assessed with new echocardiographic techniques like triplane echocardiography (3PE) and four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE). We aimed to assess the feasibility, reproducibility, and agreement between these different speckle-tracking techniques for the assessment of longitudinal deformation.Methods. 101 consecutive subjects underwent echocardiographic examination. 2D cine loops from the apical views, a triplane view, and an LV 4D full volume were acquired in all subjects. LV longitudinal strain was obtained for each imaging modality.Results. 2DE analysis of LV strain was feasible in 90/101 subjects, 3PE strain in 89/101, and 4DE strain in 90/101. The mean value of 2DE and 3PE longitudinal strains was significantly higher with respect to 4DE. The relationship between 2DE and 3PE derived strains (r=0.782) was significantly higher (z=3.72,P<0.001) than that between 2DE and 4DE (r=0.429) and that between 3PE and 4DE (r=0.510;z=3.09,P=0.001). The mean bias between 2DE and 4DE strains was-6.61±7.31%while-6.42±6.81%between 3PE and 4DE strains; the bias between 2DE and 3PE strain was of0.21±4.16%. Intraobserver and interobserver variabilities were acceptable among the techniques.Conclusions. Echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of longitudinal deformation are not interchangeable, and further studies are needed to assess specific reference values.

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Nabeshima, Yosuke, Tetsuji Kitano, and Masaaki Takeuchi. "Reliability of left atrial strain reference values: A 3D echocardiographic study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): e0250089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250089.

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Background Standard apical four-chamber and two-chamber views often maximize the long-axis of the left ventricle, resulting in artifactitious foreshortening of the left atrium (LA), which may overestimate LA longitudinal reservoir strain (LALS). We compared LALS values between 2D echocardiography (2DE) and 3D echocardiography (3DE) in healthy subjects to determine whether 2DE speckle tracking analysis overestimates the reference value of LALS. Methods and results In this study, 4 types of cohorts were included: 1. 105 normal subjects (retrospectively), 2. 53 patients with cardiovascular diseases (retrospectively), 3. 15 patients who received cardiac magnetic resonance (prospectively), and 4. 20 normal subjects (prospectively). LALS and LA length were measured using both 2DE and 3DE in 105 healthy subjects (median age: 42 years). Biplane LALS was measured in apical four- and two-chamber views using 2DE speckle tracking software, and 3DE LALS was measured using new 3DE LA strain software. To determine sensitivity, we also performed the same analysis in 53 patients with cardiovascular disease. The mean value of biplane LALS was 39.6%. LA length at both end-diastole (r = -0.43) and end-systole (r = -0.54) was negatively correlated with biplane LALS. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that both end-diastolic and end-systolic LA length had significant negative relationships with biplane LALS after adjusting for anthropometric and echocardiographic image quality parameters. 3DE LALS (23.7±7.6%) gave significantly lower values than 2DE LALS (39.5±12.0%, p<0.001) with a weak correlation (r = 0.33). LA length measured by 2DE was significantly shorter than that measured by 3DE. The same trend was observed in diseased patients. Conclusions Our results revealed that in 2DE, the LA cavity consistently appears longitudinally foreshortened in apical views, potentially overestimating LALS. 3DE may overcome this limitation.

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Xing, Yuanyuan, Hongyuan Xue, and Yuquan Ye. "Automated Quantitative Technique of 3D Cardiac Anatomical Model for Evaluating Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Myocardial Infarction." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2020.2415.

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This study intends to use 3D cardiac anatomical model automatic quantitative technique Heart Model (HM) to assess left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial infarction. Thirty patients with myocardial infarction (case group) and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in this study.M-mode echocardiography (MME), two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), 3D cardiac anatomical model (HM) and real-time 3D echocardiography (3DE) were used to collect echocardiographic images. Left ventricular systolic function parameters (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were obtained from two post-surgical analysis of more than 5 years of experience. Compared to control group, MME, 2DE, HM, and 3DE were significantly higher in the LVEDV and LVESV cases and lower in the LVEF (P < 0 05). MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE were correlated and best correlation as found between HM and 3DE (P < 0 05). For the consistency of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, the best consistency was observed in the LVEF of HM and 3DE, and case group was lower than control (P < 0 05). In terms of repeatability of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, HM showed the best repeatability followed by MME. In comparison of the time of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, HM had shortest time (< 0 05). HM automatic quantitative technique can evaluate left ventricular systolic function in myocardial infarction patients, and it is simple, rapid and reproducible.

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Oliveira, Bruno M., Jens R. Coorssen, and Daniel Martins-de-Souza. "2DE: The Phoenix of Proteomics." Journal of Proteomics 104 (June 2014): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.035.

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Bushljetikj, Oliver, and Ljubica Georgievska-Ismail. "Comparison of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Determination of Left Ventricle Volumes and Ejection Fraction in Adult Population." PRILOZI 38, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2018-0011.

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Abstract Introduction: Left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) determined with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) show significant differences.The aim of this study is to determine the agreement of the measurements of LV volumes and EF with 2DE and 3DE in the general adult population, with preserved LV systolic function. Material and methods: In 52 subjects, older than 65 years, LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), end-systolic volume index (ESVi) and EF were measured with 2DE and 3DE according to the official recommendations, and reproducibility of both methods and their agreement were determined. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient for intra-observer reproducibility in the measurement of EDVi, ESVi and EF with 2DE was 0.861, 0.891 and 0.917 respectively, whereas with 3DE 0.854, 0.893 and 0.913, respectively. The difference in the measurement of EDVi and ESVi was significant (p<0.001) whereas the measurement of EF was insignificant (p=0.153). The mean difference value EDVi and ESVi determined with 2DE and 3DE was 5.6+/-5.21 and 3.01+/-2.69 ml/m2 (p<0.001), and of EF 0.306+/-1.475%. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for EDV was 0.693, for ESV 0.763 and for EF 0.97. Conclusion: Larger LV volumes were measured in the adult population using 3DE compared to 2DE, but identical values for EF were obtained. This difference in the measured values could not be attributed to the largeness of the LV volume and EF itself.. 3DE demonstrated better intra-observer reproducibility for LV volumes and EF as a major parameter in many clinical decisions.

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Szymczyk, Tobias, Odile Sauzet, Lech J. Paluszkiewicz, Angelika Costard-Jäckle, Max Potratz, Volker Rudolph, Jan F. Gummert, and Henrik Fox. "Non-invasive assessment of central venous pressure in heart failure: a systematic prospective comparison of echocardiography and Swan-Ganz catheter." International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 36, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 1821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01889-3.

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Abstract Assessing hemodynamics, especially central venous pressure (CVP), is essential in heart failure (HF). Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold-standard, but non-invasive methods are also needed. However, the role of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) remains uncertain, and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is not always available. This study investigated standardized and breathing-corrected assessment of inferior vena cava (IVC) volume using echocardiography (2DE and 3DE) versus CVP determined invasively using RHC. Sixty consecutive HF patients were included (82% male, age 54 ± 11 years, New York Heart Association class 2.23 ± 0.8, ejection fraction 46 ± 18.4%, brain natriuretic peptide 696.93 ± 773.53 pg/mL). All patients underwent Swan-Ganz RHC followed by 2DE and 3DE, and IVC volume assessment. On 2DE, mean IVC size was 18.3 ± 5.5 mm and 13.8 ± 6 mm in the largest deflection and shortest distention, respectively. Mean CVP from RHC was 9.3 ± 5.3 mmHg. Neither 2DE nor 3DE showed acceptable correlation with invasively measured CVP; IVC volume acquisition showed optimal correlation with RHC CVP (0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.77), with better correlation when mitral valve early diastole E wave and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter were added. Using a CVP cut-point of 10 mmHg, receiver operating characteristic curve showed true positivity (specificity) of 0.90 and sensitivity of 62% for predicting CVP. A validation study confirmed these findings and verified the high predictive value of IVC volume assessment. Neither 2DE nor 3DE alone can reliably mirror CVP, but IVC volume acquisition using echocardiography allows non-invasive and adequate approximation of CVP. Correlation with invasively measured pressure was strongest when CVP is > 10 mmHg.

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Tadic, Marijana, Sanja Ilic, Nada Kostic, Zorica Caparevic, and Vera Celic. "Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Left Ventricular Mechanics: A Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3107.

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Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The LV mechanics has not been previously assessed by two- and three-dimensional (2DE and 3DE) speckle tracking imaging in the SHT patients. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate LV mechanics by 2DE and 3DE speckle tracking in the SHT patients and evaluate the influence of levothyroxine therapy on LV remodeling. Design: We conducted a prospective study. All SHT patients received levothyroxine therapy and were followed up for 1 year after the euthyroid state had been achieved. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Patients: We included 54 untreated women with SHT and 40 healthy control women who were of similar age. Main Outcome Measures: The 2DE strain and strain rates, 3DE volumes, 3DE strain, and thyroid hormones levels were assessed. Results: The 2DE LV longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic and early diastolic strain rates were significantly decreased in the SHT patients before therapy in comparison with the controls or the SHT patients after therapy. The 3DE LV cardiac output and ejection fraction were significantly reduced in the SHT patients at baseline compared with the controls or patients after 1 year of treatment. The 3DE LV longitudinal and radial strains were significantly lower in the SHT group before treatment in comparison with the controls or patients after therapy, whereas the 3DE LV circumferential and area strains gradually increased from untreated SHT patients, among the treated SHT patients, to the controls. Conclusion: SHT significantly affects LV deformation assessed by 2DE and 3DE speckle tracking. The improvement of LV mechanics after 1 year of levothyroxine treatment is significant but incomplete.

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Noszczyńska, Magdalena, Karolina Łakomy, Krzysztof Nowacki, and Zofia Piotrowska-Seget. "A High Manganese-Tolerant Pseudomonas sp. Strain Isolated from Metallurgical Waste Heap Can Be a Tool for Enhancing Manganese Removal from Contaminated Soil." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165717.

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Manganese (Mn) is widely used in industry. However, its extensive applications have generated a great amount of manganese waste, which has become an ecological problem and has led to a decrease in natural resources. The use of microorganisms capable of accumulating Mn ions from contaminated ecosystems offers a potential alternative for the removal and recovery of this metal. The main aim of this work was an investigation of removal potential of Mn from soil by isolated bacterial. For this purpose, eleven bacterial strains were isolated from the soil from metallurgical waste heap in Upper Silesia, Poland. Strain named 2De with the highest Mn removal potential was selected and characterized taking into account its ability for Mn sorption and bioaccumulation from soil and medium containing manganese dioxide. Moreover, the protein profile of 2De strain before and after exposition to Mn was analyzed using SDS/PAGE technique. The 2De strain was identified as a Pseudomonas sp. The results revealed that this strain has an ability to grow at high Mn concentration and possesses an enhanced ability to remove it from the solution enriched with the soil or manganese dioxide via a biosorption mechanism. Moreover, changes in cellular protein expression of the isolated strain were observed. This study demonstrated that autochthonous 2De strain can be an effective tool to remove and recover Mn from contaminated soil.

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Naryzhny, Stanislav. "Towards the Full Realization of 2DE Power." Proteomes 4, no. 4 (November 15, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes4040033.

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Rodrigues, Silas P., Sophie Alvarez, Emily G. Werth, William O. Slade, Brian Gau, Edgar B. Cahoon, and Leslie M. Hicks. "Multiplexing strategy for simultaneous detection of redox-, phospho- and total proteome – understanding TOR regulating pathways in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Analytical Methods 7, no. 17 (2015): 7336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00521c.

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Ning, Fen, Xiaolin Wu, and Wei Wang. "Exploiting the potential of 2DE in proteomics analyses." Expert Review of Proteomics 13, no. 10 (September 8, 2016): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2016.1230498.

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Meyer, M., and F. H. Herrmann. "Diversity of Glycoprotein Deficiencies in Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54, no. 03 (1985): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660085.

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SummaryThe platelet proteins of 9 thrombasthenic patients from 7 families were analysed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (HR-2DE) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). In 7 patients both glycoproteins (GPs) IIb and Ilia were absent or reduced to roughly the same extent. In two related patients only a trace of GP Ilb-IIIa complex was detected in CIE, but HR-2DE revealed a glycopeptide in the position of GP Ilia in an amount comparable to type II thrombasthenia. This GP Ilia-like component was neither recognized normally by anti-GP Ilb-IIIa antibodies nor labeled by surface iodination. In unreduced-reduced two-dimensional gel electrophoresis two components were observed in the region of GP Ilia. The assumption of a structural variant of GP Ilia in the two related patients is discussed.

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Soggiu, Alessio, Osvaldo Marullo, Paola Roncada, and Enrico Capobianco. "Empowering Spot Detection in 2DE Images by Wavelet Denoising." In Silico Biology 9, no. 3 (2009): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isb-2009-0393.

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Nogueira, Silvia Beserra, Carlos Alberto Labate, Fabio Cesar Gozzo, Eduardo Jorge Pilau, Franco Maria Lajolo, and João Roberto Oliveira do Nascimento. "Proteomic analysis of papaya fruit ripening using 2DE-DIGE." Journal of Proteomics 75, no. 4 (February 2012): 1428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.015.

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Osterman, Ilya A., Alexey V. Ustinov, Denis V. Evdokimov, Vladimir A. Korshun, Petr V. Sergiev, Marina V. Serebryakova, Irina A. Demina, Maria A. Galyamina, Vadim M. Govorun, and Olga A. Dontsova. "A nascent proteome study combining click chemistry with 2DE." PROTEOMICS 13, no. 1 (December 15, 2012): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201200393.

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Naryzhny, Stanislav, Nikolay Klopov, Natalia Ronzhina, Elena Zorina, Victor Zgoda, Olga Kleyst, Natalia Belyakova, and Olga Legina. "A database for inventory of proteoform profiles: “2DE‐pattern”." ELECTROPHORESIS 41, no. 12 (April 27, 2020): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201900468.

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Kiseleva, Olga, Victor Zgoda, Stanislav Naryzhny, and Ekaterina Poverennaya. "Empowering Shotgun Mass Spectrometry with 2DE: A HepG2 Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113813.

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One of the major goals of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) is to catalog and annotate a myriad of heterogeneous proteoforms, produced by ca. 20 thousand genes. To achieve a detailed and personalized understanding into proteomes, we suggest using a customized RNA-seq library of potential proteoforms, which includes aberrant variants specific to certain biological samples. Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography allowed us to downgrade the difficulty of biological mixing following shotgun mass spectrometry. To benchmark the proposed pipeline, we examined heterogeneity of the HepG2 hepatoblastoma cell line proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018450.

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Tsugu, Toshimitsu, Adriana Postolache, Raluca Dulgheru, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Julien Tridetti, Mai-Linh Nguyen Trung, Caroline Piette, et al. "Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular layer-specific strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, no. 8 (April 7, 2020): 896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaa050.

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Abstract Aims To obtain the normal range for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) layer-specific strain from a large group of healthy volunteers of both genders over a wide range of ages. Methods and results A total of 287 (109 men, mean age: 46 ± 14 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the EACVI Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Layer-specific strain was analysed from the apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views using 2DE software. The lowest values of layer-specific strain calculated as ±1.96 standard deviations from the mean were −15.0% in men and −15.6% in women for epicardial strain, −16.8% and −17.7% for mid-myocardial strain, and −18.7% and −19.9% for endocardial strain, respectively. Basal-epicardial and mid-myocardial strain decreased with age in women (epicardial; P = 0.008, mid-myocardial; P = 0.003) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = −0.20, P = 0.007, mid-myocardial; r = −0.21, P = 0.006, endocardial; r = −0.23, P = 0.002), whereas apical-epicardial, mid-myocardial strain increased with the age in women (epicardial; P = 0.006, mid-myocardial; P = 0.03) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = 0.16, P = 0.04). End/Epi ratio at the apex was higher than at the middle and basal levels of LV in men (apex; 1.6 ± 0.2, middle; 1.2 ± 0.1, base 1.1 ± 0.1) and women (apex; 1.6 ± 0.1, middle; 1.1 ± 0.1, base 1.2 ± 0.1). Conclusion The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of layer-specific strain.

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LEE, JIANN-DER, and WEI-CHUN CHEN. "A NOVEL SCHEME FOR REGISTRATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 18, no. 04 (August 25, 2006): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237206000269.

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The research of proteomics is becoming one of important tasks in biological medical research after genomics. The first step to perform the protein analysis is to analyze gel electrophoresis images. In this paper, a novel scheme for registration of 2D gel electrophoresis images is proposed. First, we move one 2DE image along the x-axis and y-axis directions, overlap it on the second 2DE image and then calculate the mutual information of these two images. Repeat this procedure, we can find out the best registration result when the maximum mutual information is achieved. Next, the spot detection process is accomplished by using fuzzy c-means for segmentation and region growing for spot size calculation. At last, linear tracking technique is employed for spot matching. From the experimental results, it is observed that the performance of the proposed system is superior to the common used registration software Image Master System.

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Naryzhny, Stanislav N., Maria A. Maynskova, Victor G. Zgoda, Natalia L. Ronzhina, Olga A. Kleyst, Igor V. Vakhrushev, and Alexander I. Archakov. "Virtual-Experimental 2DE Approach in Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00871.

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Robin, J. "Abrégé de chimie analytique. II. Méthodes de séparation, 2de édn." Analytica Chimica Acta 189 (1986): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83746-0.

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Ito, M., E. Yasuda, Yabashi, K. akeshima, M. Nakamura, and T. Kimura. "Traial of 2DE Monitor for Patiants of Acute Myocardial Infarction." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 53, no. 1 (1997): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001355119.

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Iwasaki, Hiroyasu, Eisuke Yasuda, Masuhiro Ito, Hiroshi Yoshida, Manabu Nakamura, Hideaki Yasuda, Hideo Ichikawa, and Isao Knanmori. "334. Clinical usefulness of 2DE at percutaneous transluminal mitral commisurotpmy." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 48, no. 8 (1992): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003500730.

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Martins-de-Souza, Daniel. "2DE Gels: A Story of Love and Hate in Proteomics." PROTEOMICS 18, no. 14 (February 23, 2018): 1700472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201700472.

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Wu, Huifeng, Chenglong Ji, Lei Wei, and Jianmin Zhao. "Evaluation of protein extraction protocols for 2DE in marine ecotoxicoproteomics." PROTEOMICS 13, no. 21 (October 9, 2013): 3205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201200421.

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Martin-Lorenzo, Marta, Laura Gonzalez-Calero, Irene Zubiri, Pedro J. Diaz-Payno, Aroa Sanz-Maroto, Maria Posada-Ayala, Alberto Ortiz, Fernando Vivanco, and Gloria Alvarez-Llamas. "Urine 2DE proteome analysis in healthy condition and kidney disease." ELECTROPHORESIS 35, no. 18 (August 14, 2014): 2634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201300601.

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Martín-Martín, Inés, Ricardo Molina, and Maribel Jiménez. "Identifying salivary antigens of Phlebotomus argentipes by a 2DE approach." Acta Tropica 126, no. 3 (June 2013): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.008.

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Mansor, Muzammeer, Jameel R. Al-Obaidi, Nurain Nadiah Jaafar, Intan Hakimah Ismail, Atiqah Farah Zakaria, Mohd Azri Zainal Abidin, Jinap Selamat, Son Radu, and Nuzul Noorahya Jambari. "Optimization of Protein Extraction Method for 2DE Proteomics of Goat’s Milk." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112625.

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Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.

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Walsh, M. J., and W. W. Tourtellotte. "Temporal invariance and clonal uniformity of brain and cerebrospinal IgG, IgA, and IgM in multiple sclerosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 163, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.163.1.41.

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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG and oligoclonal IgG bands on electrophoresis are valuable clinical markers for B cell proliferation in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, (2DE) we have established that the humoral immune response in MS brain is characterized by finite clonal complexity for the major Ig classes. An important question is whether this immune response is clonally stable or varies with time, related to the development of new lesions and random entry of B cells into the MS brain. To investigate this, we performed serial electrophoretic studies on CSF obtained from 19 patients with MS; the intervals ranged from 7 to 12 yr, with a mean of 8 yr. These analyses included studies of IgG, IgA, and IgM, and revealed that the humoral immune response in MS is clonally stable over long periods. Spontaneous fluctuations or reduction in CSF IgG levels by drugs did not qualitatively affect B cell clonal proliferation in MS brain, in that dominant bands and spots were not obliterated. It has been asserted that IgG synthesis in MS is nonsense antibody because the spectotypes of IgG isolated from different regions of MS brains differ. Factors other than clonal heterogeneity could account for differences found using one-dimensional analysis. B cell clonal products resolve into unique and well-resolved spots by 2DE; the method is uniquely suitable for analysis of restricted immune responses. Therefore, Ig were isolated from 11 regions of three MS brains and the 2DE patterns were compared. The similarity of the 2DE patterns indicate unequivocally that major clones are distributed uniformly although some clones are more prominent in some brain areas. IgA and IgM isolated from the same areas also showed similar patterns. Furthermore, the patterns of light and heavy chains in brain regions differed from serum but were similar to the autologous CSF, providing new evidence that CSF IgG in MS derives from synthesis in situ. Our results indicate that, once initiated, B cell clonal proliferation persists indefinitely and is little altered qualitatively at a clonal level over time, even when CSF IgG levels change or are altered by drugs. Our results are consistent with allotype and idiotype analysis of Ig production in MS and conflict with nonsense antibody proposals of the origin and nature of in situ synthesized Ig in MS.

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Tobada, C. P., G. B. Koutinhouin, Marcel Senou, J. Dougnon, A. K. Issaka Youssao, and R. C. Brito. "Détermination du moment du post-partum où l’axe hypophyse ovaires de la vache zébu (Bos indicus) allaitante est sensible à la GnRH synthétique." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 61, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2008): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9994.

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Afin de déterminer le moment du puerpérium où l’axe hypophyse ovaires de la vache zébu (Bos indicus) allaitante est fonctionnel, une dose unique de 100 μg de gonadolibérine (GnRH) synthétique a été injectée par voie intramusculaire à 60 vaches zébus allaitantes réparties en six lots. Les animaux en étaient à leurs 7e, 10e, 15e, 20e, 2e et 30e jours de lactation (10 animaux/lot/stade). Dix millilitres de lait ont été prélevés sur les animaux avant l’injection (A : 1re série d’échantillons), aux 5e, 6e, 7e, 8e jours (B : 2e série d’échantillons) et aux 20e, 21e, 22e, 23e, 24e jours (C : 3e série d’échantillons) après l’injection de GnRH. Dans chaque lot, les échantillons obtenus avant l’injection de GnRH ont été considérés comme témoins. Au total, 600 échantillons de lait ont servi à déterminer les taux de progestérone par radio-immunodosage. Parmi les animaux injectés 15 jours après la mise bas, 60 p. 100 ont été sensibles à la GnRH avec une sécrétion moyenne de progestérone de 2,67 ± 1,89 nmol/L. Cette réponse a augmenté au fur et à mesure que s’est allongé le puerpérium. Trente jours après le vêlage, tous les animaux ont répondu favorablement au traitement (concentration moyenne de progestérone : 4,09 ± 1,90 nmol/L) et ont présenté une réduction significative (p < 0,05) de l’intervalle vêlage gravidité comparé aux animaux traités aux 7e et 10e jours après le vêlage. Ces observations montrent que dès le 15e jour après la mise bas, l’axe hypophyse ovaires de la vache zébu allaitante est sensible à l’application de la GnRH exogène et que ce type de traitement peut améliorer les performances de reproduction de ces animaux.

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Ahluwalia, Viren, Faizel Osman, Jitendra Parmar, and Jamal Nasir Khan. "3D echocardiography allows rapid and accurate surgical planning in complex aortic root abscess cases." Echo Research and Practice 6, no. 4 (December 2019): K23—K30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erp-19-0043.

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Summary Despite 3D echocardiography (3DE) acquiring significantly greater data than standard 2D echocardiography (2DE), it is underutilised in assessing cardiac anatomy and physiology. A key advantage is the ability of a single 3DE acquisition to be post-processed to generate volume-rendered 3D models and an unlimited number of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. We describe the case of a highly anxious patient with life-threatening complex aortic valve endocarditis and aortic root abscess, refusing transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) under general anaesthesia with tachycardia, breathlessness and acute kidney injury precluding accurate or safe gated (computed tomography) CT, who was comprehensively assessed with a rapid 3D-TOE under sedation. This led to timely surgery and an excellent outcome for the patient. Learning points: 3DE is of greater clinical value than 2DE as it is able to post-process a single 3DE image acquisition into volume rendered 3D models, and provide an unlimited number of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. 3DE is highly effective in difficult cases where speed is important. 3DE is superior in the planning of complex surgical cases.

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Borutinskaitė, Veronika, Gražina Treigytė, Dalius Matuzevičius, Ilona Zaikova, Violeta Čeksterytė, Dalius Navakauskas, Bogumila Kurtinaitienė, and Rūta Navakauskienė. "Proteomic Analysis of Pollen and Blossom Honey from Rape Seed Brassica Napus L." Journal of Apicultural Science 61, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2017-0006.

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Abstract In the study, honey from oilseed rape Brassica napus L., and both hand-collected (winter rape Visby and Cult) and bee-collected pollen of oilseed rape were analyzed for their proteome content, in order to see if any plant proteins were present to allow the proteo-typing of the oilseed rape honey. Proteins were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), stained by Coomassie blue and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. All identified proteins were divided into few groups due to their biological function. In 2DE gels with separated proteins from blossom honey, only bee (Apis mellifera) main proteins (Major royal jelly protein 1-5 and Glucosidase) were found. So we analyzed all proteins using gel-free based analysis with the SYNAPT G2 high definition mass spectrometry. We identified proteins that were present in both oilseed rape pollen and honey (Bna, Polygalacturonase, Non-specific lipid-transfer protein, GAPDH and others). We believe that these proteins are important for the nutritional value of plant pollen-enriched honey and further research is required on honey and honeybee pollen protein.

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Shaba, Enxhi, Claudia Landi, Alfonso Carleo, Lorenza Vantaggiato, Eugenio Paccagnini, Mariangela Gentile, Laura Bianchi, et al. "Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 5696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115696.

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In the longtime challenge of identifying specific, easily detectable and reliable biomarkers of IPF, BALF proteomics is providing interesting new insights into its pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first shotgun proteomic investigation of EVs isolated from BALF of IPF patients. Our main aim was to characterize the proteome of the vesicular component of BALF and to explore its individual impact on the pathogenesis of IPF. To this purpose, ultracentrifugation was chosen as the EVs isolation technique, and their purification was assessed by TEM, 2DE and LC-MS/MS. Our 2DE data and scatter plots showed considerable differences between the proteome of EVs and that of whole BALF and of its fluid component. Analysis of protein content and protein functions evidenced that EV proteins are predominantly involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, adenosine signaling, adrenergic signaling, C-peptide signaling and lipid metabolism. Our findings may suggest a wider system involvement in the disease pathogenesis and support the importance of pre-fractioning of complex samples, such as BALF, in order to let low-abundant proteins-mediated pathways emerge.

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Naryzhny, Stanislav N., Elena S. Zorina, Arthur T. Kopylov, Victor G. Zgoda, Olga A. Kleyst, and Alexander I. Archakov. "Next Steps on in Silico 2DE Analyses of Chromosome 18 Proteoforms." Journal of Proteome Research 17, no. 12 (September 21, 2018): 4085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00386.

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Malmström, Lars, Johan Malmström, and György Marko-Varga. "Proteomic 2DE Database for Spot Selection, Automated Annotation, and Data Analysis." Journal of Proteome Research 1, no. 2 (April 2002): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr010004i.

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Marty, Nicolas. "VOX-2de Trevor Wishart. Du paysage sonore à la métaphore concrète." Musurgia XXII, no. 1 (2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/musur.151.0007.

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Naryzhny, S. N., N. L. Ronzhina, M. A. Mainskova, N. V. Belyakova, R. A. Pantina, and M. V. Filatov. "Development of barcode and proteome profiling of glioblastoma." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 60, no. 3 (2014): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20146003308.

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High grade glioma (glioblastoma) is the most common brain tumor. Its malignancy makes it the fourth biggest cause of cancer death. In our experiments we used several glioblastoma cell lines generated in our laboratory to obtain proteomics information specific for this disease. This study starts our developing the complete 2DE map of glioblastoma proteins. 2DE separation with following imaging, immunochemistry, spot picking, and mass-spectrometry allowed us detecting and identifying more than 100 proteins. Several of them have prominent differences in their level between norm and cancer. Among them are alpha-enolase (ENOA_HUMAN), pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (KPYM_HUMAN), cofilin 1 (COF1_HUMAN), translationally-controlled tumor protein TCTP_HUMAN, annexin 1 (ANXA1_HUMAN), PCNA (PCNA_HUMAN), p53 (TP53_HUMAN) and others. Most interesting results were obtained with protein p53. In all glioblastoma cell lines, its level was dramatically up regulated and enriched by multiple additional isoforms. This distribution is well correlated with presence of these proteins inside of cells themselves. At this initial step we suggest the panel of specific brain tumor markers (signature) to help creating noninvasive techniques to diagnose disease. These preliminary data point to these proteins as promising markers of glioblastoma.

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Li, Minhua, Bo Ye, Yuxia Zhang, Honglei Chen, Dong Xia, Mingqiu Liu, and Fei Yang. "Proteomic Analysis of Serum in Lung Cancer Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/397910.

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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is problematic due to the lack of a marker with high diagnosis sensitivity and specificity. To determine the differently expressed proteins in the serum of lung cancer and figure out the function of the proteins, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to screen the serum proteins of lung cancer model induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). From optimized 2DE image, 455 spots in the normal sera and 716 spots in the lung cancers sera were detected. Among them, 141 protein spots were differentially expressed when comparing the serum from normal rat and serum from lung cancer model, including 82 overexpressed proteins and 59 underexpressed proteins. Changes of haptoglobin, transthyretin, and TNF superfamily member 8 (TNFRS8) were confirmed in sera from lung cancer by MALDI-TOF-MS. Proteomics technology leads to identify changes of haptoglobin, transthyretin, and TNFRS8 in serum of rat lung cancer model and represents a powerful tool in searching for candidate proteins as biomarkers.

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Akpinar, Gurler, Murat Kasap, Ayca Aksoy, Gokhan Duruksu, Gulcin Gacar, and Erdal Karaoz. "Phenotypic and Proteomic Characteristics of Human Dental Pulp Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Natal, an Exfoliated Deciduous, and an Impacted Third Molar Tooth." Stem Cells International 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/457059.

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The level of heterogeneity among the isolated stem cells makes them less valuable for clinical use. The purpose of this study was to understand the level of heterogeneity among human dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells by using basic cell biology and proteomic approaches. The cells were isolated from a natal (NDPSCs), an exfoliated deciduous (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED)), and an impacted third molar (DPSCs) tooth of three different donors. All three stem cells displayed similar features related to morphology, proliferation rates, expression of various cell surface markers, and differentiation potentials into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Furthermore, using 2DE approach coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF, we have generated a common 2DE profile for all three stem cells. We found that62.3±7% of the protein spots were conserved among the three mesenchymal stem cell lines. Sixty-one of these conserved spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. Classification of the identified proteins based on biological function revealed that structurally important proteins and proteins that are involved in protein folding machinery are predominantly expressed by all three stem cell lines. Some of these proteins may hold importance in understanding specific properties of human dental pulp derived mesenchymal stem cells.

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Yang, Ming-Hui, Hsien-Yi Wang, Chi-Yu Lu, Wan-Chi Tsai, Po-Chiao Lin, Shih-Bin Su, and Yu-Chang Tyan. "Proteomic Profiling for Peritoneal Dialysate: Differential Protein Expression in Diabetes Mellitus." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/642964.

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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an increasingly accepted modality of renal replacement therapy. It provides the advantages of having a flexible lifestyle, stable hemodynamics, and better preservation of residual renal function. To enhance our understanding of the peritoneal dialysate of diabetes mellitus (DM), peritoneal dialysate proteins were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) combined with reverse-phase nano-ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-nano-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) followed by peptide fragmentation patterning. To validate the differential proteins, ELISA and Western blotting analyses were applied to detect candidate proteins that may be related to DM. We performed 2DE on the peritoneal dialysate samples, with detection of more than 300 spots. From this, 13 spots were excised, in-gel digested, and identified by RP-nano-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Ten of these showed significant differential expression between the DM and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) peritoneal dialysate samples. In this study, we conducted a comparative proteomic study on these two groups of dialysate that may provide evidence for understanding the different peritoneal protein changes. These proteins may not be new biomarkers; however, they may indicate a situation for possible drug treatment and can be the predictors of peritonitis for a validation study in the future.

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Kycko, A., and M. Reichert. "Overexpression of aldolase A and cytokeratin 19 in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0110-7.

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Abstract Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a transmissible lung cancer of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). In the present study the protein profiles of five neoplastic and three non-neoplastic sheep lung tissues were examined for the identification of proteins overexpressed in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Lung sections of the experimental group of sheep were collected during necropsies for proteomic and immunohistochemical examination. Two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was performed using gel strips with immobilized pH gradient 3-10. As a result of 2DE gel analysis 14 spots characterized by over 2-fold higher expression in tumour proteomes were selected for mass spectrometry. In eleven spots more than one polypeptide was identified indicating overlapping of proteins in gels. In two spots demonstrating over 3-fold higher expression in OPA proteomes, single proteins: cytokerarin 19 (CK19) and aldolase A were identified. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CK19 and aldolase A were expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of bronchioles in non-neoplastic lung sections, as well as epithelial cells of bronchioles and neoplastic cells in lung sections of OPA affected sheep. The results indicate that the overexpression of the two proteins reflects the presence of neoplastic cells in the lungs of OPA affected sheep.

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Peng, Fang, Xianquan Zhan, Mao-Yu Li, Fan Fang, Guoqing Li, Cui Li, Peng-Fei Zhang, and Zhuchu Chen. "Proteomic and Bioinformatics Analyses of Mouse Liver Microsomes." International Journal of Proteomics 2012 (March 20, 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/832569.

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Microsomes are derived mostly from endoplasmic reticulum and are an ideal target to investigate compound metabolism, membrane-bound enzyme functions, lipid-protein interactions, and drug-drug interactions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the liver and its diseases, mouse liver microsomes were isolated and enriched with differential centrifugation and sucrose gradient centrifugation, and microsome membrane proteins were further extracted from isolated microsomal fractions by the carbonate method. The enriched microsome proteins were arrayed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and carbonate-extracted microsome membrane proteins with one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1DE). A total of 183 2DE-arrayed proteins and 99 1DE-separated proteins were identified with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 259 nonredundant microsomal proteins were obtained and represent the proteomic profile of mouse liver microsomes, including 62 definite microsome membrane proteins. The comprehensive bioinformatics analyses revealed the functional categories of those microsome proteins and provided clues into biological functions of the liver. The systematic analyses of the proteomic profile of mouse liver microsomes not only reveal essential, valuable information about the biological function of the liver, but they also provide important reference data to analyze liver disease-related microsome proteins for biomarker discovery and mechanism clarification of liver disease.

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Xu, Yu-Dong, Jian-Mei Cui, Yu Wang, Lei-Miao Yin, Chang-Ke Gao, Xiao-Yan Liu, Ying Wei, et al. "Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Deregulation of Inflammation-Related Proteins in Acupuncture-Treated Rats with Asthma Onset." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/850512.

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Although the beneficial effects of acupuncture in asthma treatment have been well documented, little is known regarding the biological basis of this treatment. Changes in the lung proteome of acupuncture-treated rats with asthma onset were comparatively analyzed using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass-spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomic approach. Acupuncture on specific acupuncture points appeared to improve respiratory function and reduce the total number of leukocytes and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-induced asthma onset. Image analysis of 2DE gels revealed 32 differentially expressed acupuncture-specific protein spots in asthma onset; 30 of which were successfully identified as 28 unique proteins using LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that these altered proteins are most likely involved in inflammation-related biological functions, and the functional associations of these proteins result in an inflammation signaling pathway. Acupuncture regulates the pathway at different levels by regulating several key nodal proteins, including downregulating of proinflammatory proteins (e.g., S100A8, RAGE, and S100A11) and upregulating of anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g., CC10, ANXA5, and sRAGE). These deregulated inflammation-related proteins may mediate, at least in part, the antiasthmatic effect of acupuncture. Further functional investigation of these acupuncture-specific effector proteins could identify new drug candidates for the prophylaxis and treatment of asthma.

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Cheng, Hao-Tsai, Sen-Yung Hsieh, Chang-Mu Sung, Betty Chien-Jung Pai, Nai-Jen Liu, and Carl PC Chen. "Optimizing Human Bile Preparation for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5185317.

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Aims. Bile is an important body fluid which assists in the digestion of fat and excretion of endogenous and exogenous compounds. In the present study, an improved sample preparation for human bile was established.Methods and Material. The method involved acetone precipitation followed by protein extraction using commercially available 2D Clean-Up kit. The effectiveness was evaluated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) profiling quality, including number of protein spots and spot distribution.Results. The total protein of bile fluid in benign biliary disorders was 0.797 ± 0.465 μg/μL. The sample preparation method using acetone precipitation first followed by 2D Clean-Up kit protein extraction resulted in better quality of 2DE gel images in terms of resolution as compared with other sample preparation methods. Using this protocol, we obtained approximately 558 protein spots on the gel images and with better protein spots presentation of haptoglobin, serum albumin, serotransferrin, and transthyretin.Conclusions. Protein samples of bile prepared using acetone precipitation followed by 2D Clean-Up kit exhibited high protein resolution and significant protein profile. This optimized protein preparation protocol can effectively concentrate bile proteins, remove abundant proteins and debris, and yield clear presentation of nonabundant proteins and its isoforms on 2-dimensional electrophoresis gel images.

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Yu, Li, Yi Guo, Yuanyuan Wang, Jinhua Yu, and Ping Chen. "Determination of Fetal Left Ventricular Volume Based on Two-Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4797315.

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Determination of fetal left ventricular (LV) volume in two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is significantly important for quantitative analysis of fetal cardiac function. A backpropagation (BP) neural network method is proposed to predict LV volume more accurately and effectively. The 2DE LV border and volume are considered as the input and output of BP neural network correspondingly. To unify and simplify the input of the BP neural network, 16 distances calculated from the border to its center with equal angle are used instead of the border. Fifty cases (forty frames for each) were used for this study. Half of them selected randomly are used for training, and the others are used for testing. To illustrate the performance of BP neural network, area-length method, Simpson’s method, and multivariate nonlinear regression equation method were compared by comparisons with the volume references in concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. The ICC and CCC for BP neural network with the volume references were the highest. For Bland-Altman plots, the BP neural network also shows the highest agreement and reliability with volume references. With the accurate LV volume, LV function parameters (stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF)) are calculated accurately.

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Van, Phu T., Vinitha Ganesan, Victor Bass, Amritha Parthasarathy, Danielle Schlesinger, and Jonathan S. Minden. "In-gel equilibration for improved protein retention in 2DE-based proteomic workflows." ELECTROPHORESIS 35, no. 20 (August 18, 2014): 3012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201400256.

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Carta, Franco, Omar Lobina, Franca Mannu, Emanuela Ferru, Antonella Pantaleo, Marcella Orrù, and Francesco Turrini. "A 2DE approach for high-throughput antigen separation applicable to mAb production." ELECTROPHORESIS 33, no. 16 (August 2012): 2546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100697.

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Chou, Wen-Shou, Chung-Ming Wu, Yung-Chang Chen, and Kai-Sheng Hsieh. "Detecting myocardial boundaries of left ventricle from a single frame 2DE image." Pattern Recognition 23, no. 7 (January 1990): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(90)90102-q.

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Journal articles on the topic '2DE'

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