Academic literature on the topic '2D Phosphoru'
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Journal articles on the topic "2D Phosphoru"
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Gee, Myrlene, Roderick E. Wasylishen, Klaus Eichele, Gang Wu, T. Stanley Cameron, F. Mathey, and F. Laporte. "Characterization of phosphorus chemical shielding tensors in a phosphole tetramer: a combined experimental and theoretical study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 1 (January 15, 2000): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-229.
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Phosphorus-31 1D NMR spectra of a stationary powder sample of a phosphole tetramer containing two phosphorus spin pairs have been obtained at 4.7 T and 9.4 T. In order to separate 31P-31P spin-spin coupling from anisotropic chemical shielding, 2D spin-echo NMR spectra have been acquired. Phosphorus-31 CPMAS NMR experiments indicate that the two spin pairs of the tetramer are equivalent and each may be treated as an isolated spin pair. Within a given spin pair, the difference between the isotropic chemical shifts of two directly bonded phosphorus nuclei is 1.7 ppm. As well, they are spin-spin coupled by both the indirect and direct interactions, 1J(31P, 31P) = -362 Hz and RDD = 1.80 kHz, respectively. The principal components and relative orientation of the two phosphorus chemical shielding tensors have been determined using the dipolar-chemical shift technique; however, since the dipolar tensor is axially symmetric, ambiguities in the chemical shielding tensor orientation relative to the molecular framework result. Using ab initio calculations and simulations of the 2D spin-echo spectra, many of these ambiguities have been resolved. The spans and skews of the phosphorus shielding tensors for all four three-coordinate phosphorus nuclei are the same within experimental error, 115 ppm and 0.70, respectively. Combined experimental and theoretical results indicate that the phosphorus shielding tensor orientations are dictated by the local environment. For both shielding tensors, the most shielded component, δ33, is approximately 78° from the P-P bond and in the phosphole ring plane. The relative orientation of the δ33 components is described by a dihedral angle of 82°, similar to the dihedral angle of approximately 76° defining the twist of the phosphole rings about the bridging P-P bond.Key words: solid-state 31P NMR, phosphorus chemical shielding tensors, phosphole tetramer, 31P31P spin pairs, ab initio calculations.
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Portale, A. A., B. P. Halloran, R. C. Morris, and E. T. Lonergan. "Effect of aging on the metabolism of phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in healthy men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): E483—E490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.3.e483.
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We tested the hypothesis that aging alters physiological regulation of the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by inorganic phosphorus. In seven elderly men [age 71 +/- 1 (SE) yr] and 9 young men (29 +/- 2 yr), dietary phosphorus was first normal, then increased and decreased within its normal range. At each intake of phosphorus, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D in the elderly did not differ from those in young men, but fasting and 24-h mean serum concentrations of phosphorus were lower in elderly men. With phosphorus restriction, in each group serum 1,25(OH)2D increased by 47%, and 24-h mean serum phosphorus decreased by 0.6 +/- 0.1 mg/dl. Serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D varied inversely with 24-h mean serum phosphorus (R= -0.92, P<0.0001). Thus, in healthy elderly men in whom glomerular filtration rate is normal or near normal, serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D increase when dietary phosphorus is restricted; the magnitude of response at steady state is unaffected by aging, but the time course of response is delayed. At any level of serum phosphorus, serum 1,25(OH)2D is lower than that in young men, as reflected by a lower intercept of regression of serum 1,25(OH)2D on 24-h mean phosphorus.
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Breslau, N. A., and R. S. Weinstock. "Regulation of 1,25 (OH)2D synthesis in hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 255, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): E730—E736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.5.e730.
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We examined the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] synthesis in patients with hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and pseudohypoparathyroidism (n = 5) by administration of parathyroid extract (PTE) and N6,O2-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) and by phosphorus deprivation with antacids. In response to PTE, patients with hypoparathyroidism increased serum 1,25(OH)2D from 17 +/- 5 to 30 +/- 5 (SD) pg/ml (P less than 0.01). An approximate doubling of the 1,25(OH)2D concentration also occurred following dbcAMP infusion or phosphorus deprivation (serum phosphorus 4.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.6 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.01). Serum phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were inversely correlated (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001). Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism had negligible responses to PTE with respect to urinary adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate excretion, serum phosphorus concentration, or 1,25(OH)2D synthesis. They did show a rise in serum 1,25(OH)2D from 17 +/- 4 to 44 +/- 5 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) in response to dbcAMP infusion. During phosphorus deprivation, serum phosphorus decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.8 to 3.2 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), but there was no change in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration or any correlation between serum phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2D levels. Although reduction in mean serum phosphorus levels was generally not as great in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, one such patient attained serum phosphorus of 1.2 mg/dl and still did not increase serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration. In addition to an abnormal parathyroid hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase complex, patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism appear to have an abnormal renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase, which does not respond appropriately to phosphate deprivation.
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Xuan, Xiaoyu, Zhuhua Zhang, and Wanlin Guo. "Doping-stabilized two-dimensional black phosphorus." Nanoscale 10, no. 17 (2018): 7898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00445e.
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Portale, A. A., B. P. Halloran, S. T. Harris, D. D. Bikle, and R. C. Morris. "Metabolic acidosis reverses the increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D in phosphorus-restricted normal men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): E1164—E1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.6.e1164.
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We tested the hypothesis that in humans, metabolic acidosis can disorder the metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by impairing the capacity for a sustained physiological stimulus to increase renal production of this hormone. Specifically, in seven healthy men in whom restriction of dietary phosphorus had doubled their serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D, we induced metabolic acidosis of moderate severity with oral NH4Cl, administered for 7 days. With induction of acidosis, the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D decreased sharply and remained decreased and near constant throughout the period of acidosis, the decrease amounting to one-half of the increment induced by phosphorus restriction alone. The serum concentration of free 1,25(OH)2D also decreased, since the measured free fraction of 1,25(OH)2D was unaffected by NH4Cl. The decrease in serum 1,25(OH)2D was accounted for by a 16% increase in its metabolic clearance rate and by a 19% decrease in its production rate. Metabolic acidosis induced a modest increase in the concentrations of blood ionized calcium and serum phosphorus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D varied inversely and significantly with those of plasma hydrogen ion (R = -0.77, P < 0.001), but not with those of blood ionized calcium or serum phosphorus. These data demonstrate in humans that metabolic acidosis can substantially reverse the increase in serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D induced by phosphorus restriction. The data provide evidence that acidosis can restrict the increase in renal production and serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D effected by a sustained physiological stimulus.
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Portale, A. A., B. P. Halloran, S. T. Harris, D. D. Bikle, and R. C. Morris. "Metabolic acidosis reverses the increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D in phosphorus-restricted normal men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 6 (January 31, 2006): E1164—E1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2006.263.6.e1164.
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We tested the hypothesis that in humans, metabolic acidosis can disorder the metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by impairing the capacity for a sustained physiological stimulus to increase renal production of this hormone. Specifically, in seven healthy men in whom restriction of dietary phosphorus had doubled their serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D, we induced metabolic acidosis of moderate severity with oral NH4Cl, administered for 7 days. With induction of acidosis, the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D decreased sharply and remained decreased and near constant throughout the period of acidosis, the decrease amounting to one-half of the increment induced by phosphorus restriction alone. The serum concentration of free 1,25(OH)2D also decreased, since the measured free fraction of 1,25(OH)2D was unaffected by NH4Cl. The decrease in serum 1,25(OH)2D was accounted for by a 16% increase in its metabolic clearance rate and by a 19% decrease in its production rate. Metabolic acidosis induced a modest increase in the concentrations of blood ionized calcium and serum phosphorus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D varied inversely and significantly with those of plasma hydrogen ion (R = -0.77, P < 0.001), but not with those of blood ionized calcium or serum phosphorus. These data demonstrate in humans that metabolic acidosis can substantially reverse the increase in serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D induced by phosphorus restriction. The data provide evidence that acidosis can restrict the increase in renal production and serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D effected by a sustained physiological stimulus.
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Li, Ming, Chuang Ma, Xiong Liu, Jun Su, Xiaofeng Cui, and Yunbin He. "Synthesis of a 2D phosphorus material in a MOF-based 2D nano-reactor." Chemical Science 9, no. 27 (2018): 5912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01439f.
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Hu, Ruizhi, Chen Dai, Chunmei Wang, Jie Lin, Hui Hu, Zhifang Li, Han Lin, Li Ding, Yu Chen, and Bo Zhang. "Engineering 2D Arsenic‐Phosphorus Theranostic Nanosheets." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 25 (April 15, 2021): 2101660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202101660.
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Liu, Yajuan, Muqing Chen, and Shangfeng Yang. "Chemical functionalization of 2D black phosphorus." InfoMat 3, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12171.
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Luo, Miaomiao, Taojian Fan, Yun Zhou, Han Zhang, and Lin Mei. "2D Black Phosphorus–Based Biomedical Applications." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 13 (February 4, 2019): 1808306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808306.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "2D Phosphoru"
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FARAONE, GABRIELE. "Two-Dimensional Phosphorus: From the Synthesis Towards the Device Integration." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/304380.
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Gli allotropi bidimensionali (2D) del silicio e del fosforo sono stati i predecessori fra i materiali monoelementali 2D dopo il grafene. I vantaggi scientifici e tecnologici di questi materiali richiedono lo sviluppo di schemi di processo che possano garantire la loro effettiva integrazione in nuovi dispositivi per la nanoelettronica. In questo lavoro di tesi, sono stati investigati alcuni degli ostacoli ancora irrisolti lungo la strada per l’integrazione in dispositivo degli allotropi 2D del fosforo considerando specificatamente il caso delle fasi 2D α-P (corrispondente a un singolo strato di fosforo nero o fosforene) e \ β -P (fosforene-blu).
L’integrazione della fase 2D α-P nell’architettura di un dispositivo è stata oggetto di ampie ricerche e si basa su un percorso abbastanza consolidato che ha portato ad applicazioni che spaziano in un’ampia gamma di campi. Uno dei pochi ostacoli rimanenti su questo percorso è la mancanza di un metodo scalabile per produrre 2D α-P su grandi aree e con un accurato controllo dello spessore. In particolare, tale controllo è difficile da raggiungere nell’esfoliazione di cristalli stratificati di fosforo nero (BP). A questo proposito, la spettroscopia micro-Raman è stata usata sia come uno strumento metrologico per determinare lo spessore delle scaglie cristalline esfoliate che come metodo per raggiungere una controllata riduzione del loro spessore sfruttando la tecnica di assottigliamento laser. Tuttavia, i metodi di determinazione dello spessore basati sulla calibrazione delle intensità delle bande Raman sono stati investigati poco nel caso di scaglie cristalline multistrato. In questo lavoro di tesi abbiamo proposto un nuovo approccio basato sulla spettroscopia Raman che ha permesso di discriminare velocemente lo spessore di scaglie cristalline esfoliate di BP tra i 5 nm e i 100 nm. Inoltre, al fine di raggiungere un controllo migliore nel processo di assottigliamento laser, abbiamo anche investigato gli effetti dovuti al substrato sul riscaldamento e ablazione laser in scaglie multistrato di BP. Esperimenti di termometria Raman e calcoli numerici sul problema della diffusione del calore hanno chiarito che effetti ottici, termici e meccanici causati dalla presenza del substrato possono agire differentemente sul riscaldamento e sull’ablazione laser a seconda dello spessore delle scaglie cristalline.
Il percorso di integrazione in dispositivo per la fase 2D β -P, invece, è ancora assente a causa delle richieste più stringenti nella sintesi, basata su tecniche epitassiali, e dei problemi di instabilità fuori dall’ambiente di crescita in UHV. Questi ostacoli sono comunemente condivisi con gli altri membri della famiglia degli Xeni 2D e, in questo lavoro, sono stati studiati considerando il caso di β -P cresciuto epitassialmente su substrati di Au(111)/mica. I dettagli della sua struttura atomica e la reattività chimica all’esposizione in-situ ed ex-situ all’ossigeno sono stati analizzati con l’aiuto della microscopia a scansione ad effetto tunnel (STM) e spettroscopia fotoelettronica a raggi X (XPS). I problemi di instabilità in aria sono stati affrontati sviluppando una opportuna strategia di incapsulamento basata sulla crescita in-situ di un film protettivo di Al2O3 che, a sua volta, ha permesso di maneggiare il fosforo epitassiale lungo i primi passi di un processo di integrazione in dispositivo. Da questo punto di vista, sono stati esaminati due nuovi approcci per il trasferimento di un materiale epitassiale da un substrato di crescita verso substrati target. Ambedue questi metodi di trasferimento possono essere adeguatamente generalizzati all’intera classe degli Xeni epitassiali 2D cresciuti su metallo/mica. In particolare, l’universalità di questi approcci è stata impiegata per la fabbricazione di dispositivi FET e MIM sia su membrane di Al2O3/silicene multistrato/Ag(111) che su Al2O3/fosforo epitassiale/Au(111).Phosphorus and silicon two-dimensional (2D) allotropes have been the forerunners among the post-graphene monoelemental 2D materials. The scientific and technological advantages of these materials require the development of processing methods to guarantee their effective integration in new devices for nanoelectronics. In the present thesis work, some of the unresolved bottlenecks along the device integration path of 2D elemental phosphorus allotropes have been examined considering specifically the case of the α-P (single-layer black phosphorus or phosphorene) and β-P (blue phosphorene) 2D polymorphs. The integration of the 2D α-P phase in devices has been the subject of extensive investigations and nowadays relies on an almost consolidated path that has led to applications spanning a wide range of fields. One of the few remaining obstacles on this path is the lack of a scalable method to produce 2D α-P layers on large areas and with accurate control of the thickness. In particular, such control is difficult to achieve in the exfoliation of layered black phosphorus (BP) crystals. In this respect, micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used both as a metrological tool to determine the thickness of the exfoliated flakes and as method to achieve their controllable thickness reduction employing the laser thinning technique. However, thickness determination methods based on the calibration of the intensity of the Raman bands have been poorly investigated in the case of multilayer BP flakes due to difficulties caused by optical interferences and anisotropy effects. In this thesis work, we have proposed a novel Raman spectroscopy approach that, carefully accounting for these effects, allowed the quick discrimination of the thickness of exfoliated BP flakes between 5 nm and 100 nm. Moreover, in order to achieve a better control of the laser thinning process down to the ultimate 2D limit, we have also investigated the effects of the substrate on the laser heating and ablation of multilayer BP flakes. Raman thermometry experiments and numerical calculations of the heat diffusion problem have elucidated that optical, thermal, and mechanical effects caused by the substrate may act differently on the laser heating and ablation of the flakes depending on their thickness. An effective device integration route for the 2D β-P phase, instead, is still missing due to more stringent requirements in its synthesis, based on epitaxial techniques, and to the instability issue outside the UHV growth environment. These obstacles are commonly shared with other members of the family of 2D epitaxial Xenes and, in this work, have been investigated considering the case of β-P epitaxially grown on Au(111)/mica substrates. The details of its atomic structure and the chemical reactivity to ex-situ and in-situ oxygen exposure have been analyzed with the aid of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The air-instability issues have been tackled by developing a suitable encapsulation strategy based on the in-situ growth of an Al2O3 capping layer that, in turn, allowed the handling of epitaxial phosphorus along the preliminary steps of a device integration process. In this respect, two novel approaches for the transfer of the epitaxial membrane from the growth substrate towards target substrates have been surveyed. Both the transfer methods can be suitably generalized to the whole class of 2D epitaxial Xenes grown on metal/mica paving the way for the establishment of methodological standards for their manipulation. In particular, the universality of such approaches has been exploited for the successful fabrication of back-gated FET and MIM devices on Al2O3/multilayer silicene/Ag(111) and Al2O3/epitaxial phosphorus/Au(111) mica-delaminated membranes, respectively. The epitaxial phosphorus MIM devices may open intriguing perspectives in the study of the non-volatile resistive switching in monoelemental epitaxial 2D materials.
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Frattina, Valerio. "Development and application of simultaneous 2D flow velocity and gas temperature measurements using thermographic phosphors under engine-relevant conditions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC073.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, une tech-nique de diagnostic optique a été développée pour mesurer simultanément la température et la vitesse de gaz dans un moteur thermique trans-parent.La technique de la PIV-thermographique (T-PIV) combine la thermométrie par phosphores-cence et la vélocimétrie par image de particules (PIV) et offre la possibilité de mesurer simulta-nément la température et la vitesse du gaz. Le matériau luminophore approprié a été choisi en testant trois luminophores disponibles dans le commerce : BAM:Eu2+, ZnO et ZnO:Zn.L'émission lumineuse et la réponse spectrale à divers paramètres, y compris la température, ont été mesurées dans un écoulement gazeux ense-mencé de particules afin de reproduire les con-ditions rencontrées typiquement dans un mo-teur. Cela à permis d’obtenir une courbe d'éta-lonnage dépendante de la température à utiliser dans les expériences sur moteur. Les particules de ZnO:Zn montrent une sensibilité relative-ment plus forte à la température permettant une précision plus élevée sur la mesure de tempéra-ture.Pour ces raisons, le ZnO:Zn a été choisi comme candidat approprié pour les mesures dans le mo-teur transparent.Les mesures ont été effectuées à un régime mo-teur de 1200 tr/min avec une fréquence d'échan-tillonnage de 10 Hz entre 180 et 540°vil sans combustion.Les champs de température et de vitesse ont été mesurés avec succès à différents angles vilebre-quin pendant la phase de compression et de dé-tente. Les champs de température obtenus expé-rimentalement sont comparés aux températures obtenues à partir d'une simulation 0D montrant un écart de température d'environ 1% (200°vil) et de 14% (480°vil) par rapport au modèle de si-mulation. La précision de mesure estimé est de 55 K (18%) à 300 K et de 2 K (0.3%) à 614 K sur une moyenne de 200 cycles.La T-PIV a également été testé pour mesurer la température des gaz en post-combustion. Dans ce cas, les mesures étaient impossibles, proba-blement en raison d’une dégradation du maté-riau luminophore utilisé qui ne résiste pas aux températures élevées de la combustion. Les perspectives de développements futurs qui ré-sultent de ces résultats sont la sélection d’un lu-minophore capable de résister à plus hautes tem-pératures.Enfin, la technique montre un grand potentiel de développement dans un environnement moteurA non-intrusive laser diagnostics technique has been developed for simultaneous measurements of velocity and gas temperature in optically accessible internal combustion en-gines. The technique, thermographic PIV (T-PIV) combines phosphor thermometry and particle image velocimetry (PIV) and offers the possibility of simultaneous measurement of gas temperature and velocity.Suitable phosphor materials were selected by testing three commercially available phosphors: BAM:Eu2+, ZnO and ZnO:Zn. The lumines-cence emission and the spectral response to var-ious parameters including temperature were measured yielding a temperature-dependent cal-ibration curve to be used for signal interpreta-tion in engine experiments. The ZnO:Zn phos-phor shows the highest sensitivity to tempera-ture allowing higher temperature precision. Therefore, ZnO:Zn phosphor was chosen as the suitable candidate for engine measurements.Measurements were performed in an internal combustion engine at a speed of 1200 rpm with a sampling rate of 10 Hz between 180 and 540°CA under motored conditions. The temper-ature and velocity fields were measured success-fully at various times throughout the compres-sion and the exhaust stroke. The obtained tem-perature fields are compared with simulated bulk-gas temperatures from a 0D model-based simulation showing a temperature deviation of around 1% (200°CA) to 14% (480°CA) from the model. The measurement accuracy was found to be 55 K (18%) at 300 K and 2 K (0.3%) at 614 K for the 200-cycles average.The potential of the diagnostics was tested also in in cylinder post-combustion gases. In this case, the diagnostics was failing probably due to the characteristics of the phosphor used, which does not seem to resist to high combustion tem-peratures degrading its luminescence properties. The potential of T-PIV in post-combustion gases remains under the conditions of finding more resistant phosphor particles
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine nicht-intrusive Methode der Laserdiagnostik zur simultanen Messung von Gasgeschwindigkeit und -temperatur in einem optisch zugänglichen Verbrennungsmotor entwickelt und getestet. Diese Messmethode der thermographischen PIV (T-PIV) kombiniert Phosphorthermometrie mit Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) und ermöglicht die simultane Messung von Geschwindigkeit und Temperatur eines Gases.Im Verlauf der Arbeit wurden drei kommerziell verfügbare Phosphormaterialien für die Motorexperimente getestet: BAM:Eu2+, ZnO and ZnO:Zn. Die optischen Eigenschaften und die Spektralantwort des Phosphors auf Parametervariationen wie Temperaturänderungen wurden gemessen. Daraus wird eine temperaturabhängige Kalibrationskurve erstellt, die zur Temperaturmessung im Motor dient. Der Phosphor ZnO:Zn wurde für Temperaturmessungen im Motor ausgewählt, da die optischen Eigenschaften des Phosphors die größte Sensitivität zu Temperaturänderungen aufweisen.In einem Verbrennungsmotor wurden Temperaturmessungen bei 1200 U/min und 10 Hz unter geschleppten Bedingungen zwischen 180°KW und 540°KW durchgeführt. Geschwindigkeit und Temperatur des Gases wurden an mehreren Kurbelwinkeln während des Verdichtungs- und Expansionstaktes gemessen und die Gastemperatur mit der Restgastemperatur einer 0D Simulation verglichen. Die Abweichung zwischen Mess- und Simulationsergebnissen beträgt 1% (200°KW) und 14% (480°KW). Die Messgenauigkeit für den Mittelwert über 200 Messzyklen beträgt 55 K (18%) bei 300 K und 2 K (0.3%) bei 614 K.Die Messmethode wurde außerdem zur Restgastemperaturmessung im gefeuerten Betrieb des optischen Motors angewandt. Jedoch konnte unter diesen Bedingungen keine validen Messungen durchgeführt werden, da der Phosphor möglicherweise bei Verbrennungstemperaturen degradiert und die Lumineszenz-Eigenschaften verändert werden. Eine erfolgreiche Anwendung von T-PIV unter motorischen Bedingungen wird künftig unter der Voraussetzung möglich sein, dass verbrennungsresistente Phosphormaterialien gefunden werden
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Paillat, Louise. "Fonctions microbiennes impliquées dans la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs en milieu complexe substrat-engrais organiques : Implications pour la croissance et la nutrition du basilic en culture hors-sol." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARD096.
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En horticulture, les préoccupations environnementales poussent à la diversification des substrats organiques de culture, en substitution à la tourbe, et à l’utilisation d’engrais organiques. Les éléments nutritifs contenus dans ces derniers doivent être minéralisés par les microorganismes avant d’être disponibles pour la plante. Cette thèse vise à caractériser les fonctions microbiennes impliquées dans la disponibilité des éléments N,P et S. Trois expérimentations ont été conduites à différentes échelles et mettent en jeu différents couples substrats x engrais organiques pour caractériser la minéralisation des engrais, le fonctionnement rhizosphérique et l’efficience d’utilisation des éléments nutritifs par le basilic. Nos résultats ont montré que le type de substrat déterminait l’expression des activités enzymatiques et les dynamiques de minéralisation N P et S, tandis que le type d’engrais organique modulait ces réponses. Un fort effet rhizosphère sur les activités microbiennes en lien avec le cycle du N a été démontré par approche cartographique-2D. La fertilisation a stimulé encore plus ces activités permettant une augmentation de la disponibilité du N au niveau de l’engrais et de la biomasse du basilic. Sous serre, une production de basilic de qualité a été obtenue,pour tous les couples substrat x engrais sauf dans les substrats dérivés du bois en raison d’une forte compétition pour le N entre microorganismes et plante. En culture hors-sol,la fertilisation organique nécessite donc d’être réfléchie en fonction du substrat organique et des objectifs de productionIncreasing concerns over environmental impact of plant production lead nowadays to a diversification of organic materials used in growing media (GM) and to the use of organic fertilizers in horticulture.Nutrients contained in organic fertilizers must be first mineralized by microbes to be available for root uptake. This work aimed to characterize microbial functions involved into N, P, S nutrient availability in this context. Three distinct experiments involving different GM x fertilizer combinations allowed to assess fertilizer mineralization dynamics, rhizosphere functioning and nutrient use efficiency by basil. Our results showed that the GM type controlled the enzyme activities and N, P, S mineralization rates while the fertilizer type modulated these responses. A strong rhizospheric effect on N-enzymes was observed with 2D-imaging. Fertilization further stimulated their activity inducing higher N availability around fertilizer and increased basil aboveground biomass. In greenhouse, a high quality of basil was obtained in each GM x fertilizer combination, except for wood based GM due to high competition for N between microbes and basil. In conclusion, organic fertilization needs to be managed depending on the GM type and the production objectives in soilless culture
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Kumar, Abhishek. "Black Phosphorus: Pristine and doped surface investigations using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85910.
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Black Phosphorus (bP) is the most stable allotrope of phosphorus, first synthesized in
1914 by Bridgman. It was investigated along with other layered materials like GaS, GaSe,
GaTe, graphite, boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides for nearly a century.
One important characteristic of these layered materials is that they are composed of twodimensional (2D) sheets of covalently bonded atoms that are kept together by van der
Waals forces. Therefore, they were perceived as interesting materials with an ambition
to achieve thinner and thinner materials, up to a single monolayer, called 2D materials.
In 2004, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov demonstrated the first successful preparation of one-atomic-thin carbon films, called graphene. They used the technique of
scotch tape exfoliation and studied the marvelous properties of graphene, which got
them the Nobel Prize in physics in 2010. With the discovery of interesting properties of
graphene, a search for other 2D materials started. A range of such materials have been
realized since then, like hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), silicene, germanene, stanene,
and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Black Phosphorus (bP) is an important
part of this class of 2D materials, from which phosphorene is exfoliated.
Phosphorene, first exfoliated in 2014, has emerged as an important material. With its
band gap tunable with thickness (from 2.0 eV for the single layer to 0.3 eV for the
bulk), it occupies a special position between zero band gap graphene and high band
gap TMDCs. Anisotropy is another important aspect discovered in its properties like
effective mass, mobility, thermal conductivity, and plasmon resonance. This opens a
gate for potential applications in electronics, photonics, thermoelectrics, and for gas
sensing devices.
Surface studies of bP are quite limited so far. There have been some works reported
showing bP atomic resolution and tunneling spectra on bP surfaces. However, most of
them have been performed on cleaved bulk bP crystals. From a 2D application point of
view, however, it is important to study thin exfoliated bP flakes. The majority of work
reported until now on thin bP flakes concerns electrical transport or optical experiments,
performed on flakes encapsulated in a protective layer. The reason for this is to protect
the material from oxidation upon exposure to air, since bP is known to be highly reactive.
One STM study on a few nanometer-thin bP flake shows surface atomic resolution, but
mainly focuses on the spectroscopic properties of bP. Since surface plays an important
role in nanomaterials due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, it is very important to
understand the surface behavior of such materials.
Here, we have prepared samples on which surface studies on exfoliated bP flakes could be
done. We have prepared samples by exfoliating bP in a glove bag continuously flushed with nitrogen, which provides an inert atmosphere and protects the reactive bP surface
from oxidation. We have used graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) as a substrate, which
provides large atomically flat terraces of SiC and a conducting graphene sheet on top
– fulfilling major requirements for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments.
We mount the sample inside the glove bag and transfer it under inert atmosphere, which
helps in preserving the highly reactive bP surface from oxidation. This is confirmed by
flat, clean, and oxide-free bP surfaces as seen in STM.
We initially started with the investigation of surface behavior with temperature. We
found that 200 ◦C to 300 ◦C is a proper temperature range for cleaning the surface. We
saw defects on the clean bP surface, reported earlier to be the reason for the intrinsic
p-type doping of bP. At 375 ◦C to 400 ◦C, eye-shaped craters started to develop on the
surface due to phosphorus desorption. Meanwhile, we solved an existing debate in the
literature regarding the orientation of the long axis of these elongated craters: along
the crystallographic armchair direction due to an atomic phosphorus desorption mechanism, or along the crystallographic zigzag direction due to a molecular P2 desorption
mechanism, both investigated by electron microscopy and diffraction studies. Armed
with the power of atomic resolution imaging enabled by the STM technique, we were
able to resolve smaller craters, which are the seeds of the larger craters reported in
previous studies. With a statistical analysis, we confirmed the specific directionality of
the orientation of these anisotropic craters. Furthermore, with the help of atomic resolution provided by STM, we could directly compare the crater alignment with respect
to atomic arrangement, and found that the long axis of the craters is aligned with the
zigzag direction – thus solving the existing debate in the literature.
bP is intrinsically p-doped. Some works were performed to obtain an n-type behavior
by doping, as it would allow p-type and n-type behavior in the same material, very
useful for basic diode applications. In one paper focusing on devices, copper adatom
doping has been shown to yield n-type behavior, using transport measurements. Here,
we study copper growth morphology on bP. We observed the preference of copper atoms
to occupy atomic vacancies of the bP surface. We also observed an alignment of copper
islands along the crystallographic armchair direction of bP, and a step decoration of
copper islands at bP step edges. With scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we studied the
transfer doping of bP by copper at the local atomic level and found a shift of the Fermi
level in bP from p-type behavior to n-type behavior. We also observed an increase in
the band gap value measured on doped bP, consistent with DFT calculations.
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Qiao, Shuang Ye. "Modeling water flow and phosphorus fate and transport in a tile-drained clay loam soil using HYDRUS (2D/3D)." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123033.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorus (P) is an important agricultural non-point source pollutant that could contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. In this study, the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was evaluated for simulation of water flow and P transport in a clay loam soil in southern Ontario. The model was calibrated and validated using field data from two 0.1 ha test plots between 2008-2011. These plots have controlled tile drainage and a corn-soybean crop rotation. The surface and sub-surface water flows in test plots were monitored and samples collected continuously year round using an auto-sampling system. The model simulated water flow and P relatively well, with weekly modeling efficiency of 0.513 to 0.738 for validation of water flow, and weekly modeling efficiency of 0.587 to 0.768 for validation of dissolved P loss in tile drainage. Most of the deviation of simulated water flow occurred between November to February, which suggests the model would greatly benefit from optimization of snow dynamics and frozen soil conditions. Some of the simulation errors may also be attributed to soil cracking in the summer which consequently enhanced macropore flow. The model predicted daily water flow poorly, suggesting presence of time lag between simulation and measurements. Limitations of the model include lack of simulation of particulate P loss and surface runoff P loss. This model should be tested further for other soils in southern Ontario as well as other parts of Canada before its validity can be established.Le phosphore (P) est un important polluant de sources diffuses qui pourrait contribuer à l'eutrophication des eaux de surface. Dans cette étude, la capacité à simuler le débit de l'eau et le transport de P dans les sols argileux ou limon argileux du Sud de l'Ontario du modèle HYDRUS (2D/3D) a été évalué. Le modèle a été calibré et validé utilisant des données de terrain de deux parcelles d'essai de 0.1 ha entre 2008 et 2011. Ces parcelles ont contrôlées le drainage et la rotation des cultures de maïs et de soya. Les écoulements des eaux de surface et dans le sol inclus dans les parcelles d'essai ont été contrôlés et les échantillons collectés continuellement toute l'année à l'aide d'un système d'échantillonnage automatisé. Le modèle a relativement bien simulé le débit de l'eau et le P, avec des efficacités de modélisation sur une base hebdomadaire de 0.513 à 0.738 pour la validation du débit de l'eau, et une efficacité de modélisation sur une base hebdomadaire de 0.587 à 0.768 pour la validation de la perte du P dissous dans le réseau de drainage. Une déviation du débit de l'eau simulé est survenue davantage entre les mois de novembre et février, ce qui suggère que le modèle aurait avantage à s'attarder à l'optimisation de la dynamique de la glace et de la neige sur les conditions du sol. Certaines des erreurs de simulation peuvent être attribuées aux fissures dans le sol qui surviennent en été, qui conséquemment, favorisent la circulation des micropores. Le modèle prédit mal le débit de l'eau journalier, démontré par la présence de décalage temporel entre la simulation et les prises de mesure. Les limites du modèle incluent un manque de simulation de la perte de la matière particulaire P et de la perte P en écoulement de surface. Ce modèle devra être testé davantage sur d'autres sols dans le Sud de l'Ontario ainsi que sur d'autres régions du Canada avant sa validité puisse être reconnue.
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Boontian, Nittaya. "Using the activated sludge model 2d (ASM2d) to understand and predict the phosphorus accumulating organisms mechanism in enhanced biological phosphorus removal in relation to disintegrated sludge as a carbon source." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7864.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon sources are considered as one of the most important factors in the performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Disintegrated sludge (DS) can act as carbon source to increase the efficiency of EBPR. This research explores the influence of DS upon phosphorus removal efficiency using mathematical simulation modeling. Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) is one of the most useful of activated sludge (AS) models. This is because ASM2d can express the integrated mechanisms of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) under aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions. Cont/d.
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Smiyanov, Nikita. "Nutrients spreading with cloudburst modeling." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287367.
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Climate change and environmental disasters are strongly dependent. Humanity is facing considerable changes in environmental adaptions and remediation of contaminated sites. Water is a valuable resource that should be protected and prevented from hazardous influences. One of the main water quality problems is the excess of nutrients causing algae blooming. Many surface-and groundwaters have lost the ability to be used as anthropogenic water sources and other purposes (recreation, water supply, irrigation, etc.). Both nutrients and other substances impact water quality and climate change, making it challenging for modern society to maintain good water quality. Moreover, extreme rainfalls become more common, temporarily increasing surface runoff and exceeding infiltration capacity during high-intensity rainfall events. Water that is not capable of infiltration in the soil will run on the watershed into depressions and be infiltrated or spread to downstream catchments. This water might contain hazardous substances, e.g., nutrients, thereby enhancing water contamination in nearby waters. The investigation is made in how nutrients (P – phosphorus and N – nitrogen) spread depending on surface runoff from cloudburst in Hörby municipality in southern Sweden, Skåne-region. The land-use of the site is investigated, where pervious-and impervious areas are defined and further classified in more specific sub-groups. Different rain returns periods used to provide clear explanation of how the nutrient spreading is taking place and how rain intensity is impacting spreading of N and P. Furthermore, the sources of nutrient load are detected and investigated with a hydraulic model. The results show that the hydrodynamic model can be used to visualize the spread and determine the accumulated concentration in the flood area. Furthermore, rainfall mapping has been carried out to identify vulnerable areas in the landscape and determine critical parameters such as distribution and maximum water depth. The method's application area has been discussed in the industry's interest in studying cloudburst more simply and cost- effectively in parallel with nutritional load problems.Klimatförändringar och miljökatastrofer är starkt beroende händelser. Mänskligheten står inför betydande förändringar i miljöanpassningar och sanering av förorenade platser. Vatten är en värdefull resurs som bör skyddas och förhindras från farlig påverkan. Ett av de viktigaste vattenkvalitetsproblemen är överflödet av näringsämnen som orsakar alger som blommar. Många yt- och grundvattenkällor har förlorat förmågan att nyttjas som dricksvattenkällor samt källor för andra ändamål (rekreation, vattenförsörjning, bevattning etc.). Både näringsämnena och andra kemikalietyper påverkar vattenkvaliteten och klimatförändringarna, vilket gör det utmanande för det moderna samhället att upprätthålla god vattenkvalitet. Dessutom blir extrema regn i form av skyfall vanligare och ökning i avrinning från ytor som överstiger infiltrationskapaciteten under högintensiva regnhändelser. Vatten som inte kan infiltrera i marken kommer att rinna längst avrinningsområdet till låga punkter och infiltreras eller spridas till nedströms avrinningsområden. Den rinnande vatten kan innehålla farliga ämnen, t.ex. näringsämnen, vilket kan bidra till ökade föroreningar i närliggande vattendrag. Undersökningen görs i hur näringsämnen (P - fosfor och N - kväve) sprids beroende på ytavrinning från skyfall i Hörby kommun, Skåne, i södra Sverige. Områdets markanvändning undersöks, där genomträngliga och ogenomträngliga ytor definieras och klassificeras ytterligare i mer specifika undergrupper. Olika återkomsttider på regn används för att ge en förklaring på hur närsaltsspridningen sker och hur regnintensiteten påverkar spridningen av fosfor och kväve. Vidare upptäcks och undersöks källorna för näringsbelastning med en hydraulisk modell. Resultaten visar att den hydrodynamiska modellen kan användas för att visualisera spridningen och bestämma den ackumulerade näringsbelastningen i översvämningsområdet. Dessutom har skyfallskartering genomförts för att identifiera utsatta områden i landskapet och bestämma kritiska parametrar som fördelning och maximalt vattendjup. Metodens applikationsområde har diskuterats av kommersiellt intresse i att studera skyfall på ett enkelt och kostnadseffektivt sätt parallellt med närsaltsbelastningen.
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Frattina, Valerio [Verfasser], and Christof [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz. "Development and application of simultaneous 2D flow velocity and gas temperature measurements using thermographic phosphors under engine-relevant conditions / Valerio Frattina ; Betreuer: Christof Schulz." Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215032358/34.
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Roscher, Albrecht. "Étude du métabolisme énergétique végétal par RMN d'échange chimique du 31P : développement et application de la technique 2D EXSY." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10059.
Full textAbstract:
L'etude de l'echange chimique par resonance magnetique nucleaire (rmn) est un outil unique pour suivre in vivo des cinetiques enzymatiques a l'etat stationnaire. Nous proposons d'utiliser la spectroscopie d'echange bidimensionnelle (2d exsy) du 31p pour etudier le metabolisme energetique des pointes de racines de mais excisees et perfusees. Le systeme de perfusion utilise est decrit. Nous mesurons d'abord les vitesses de relaxation longitudinale des aimantations 31p in vivo, puisque l'exsy en depend de facon critique. Nous perfectionnons la methode de mesure, et nous montrons par des mesures precises comment elles dependent des parametres physiologiques (croissance, oxygenation, temperature). L'exsy 31p permet d'identifier 10 reactions enzymatiques unidirectionnelles : synthese d'atp par phosphorylation oxydative, hydrolyse d'atp, formation en deux etapes de phosphoenolpyruvate a partir de 3-phosphoglycerate lors de la glycolyse et vice versa, tous les echanges entre hexoses phosphate (uridinediphosphoglucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate et fructose-6-phosphate) lors du metabolisme des sucres. Les parametres experimentaux sont optimises en fonction des vitesses de relaxation precedemment mesurees afin d'obtenir le meilleur rapport signal-sur-bruit : temps de melange, temps de repetition, effet noe1h-31p et filtrage adapte de la dimension indirecte pendant l'acquisition. Nous abordons la quantification des flux d'echange a partir de spectres exsy. Celle-ci necessite un developpement theorique de l'echange chimique hors-equilibre, mais en etat stationnaire avec un flux net, tel que nous l'observons in vivo. Nous utilisons des courbes de croissance pour verifier le modele et nous demontrons la possibilite de quantifier des echanges a partir d'un seul spectre en utilisant des parametres exterieurs (vitesses de relaxation ou aimantations a l'equilibre). Enfin, les resultats des mesures de flux d'echange chimique en fonction de parametres physiologiques (oxygenation, temperature) sont presentes et la question d'une enzymologie in vivo est discutee.
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Kunstmann, Sebastian. "Veränderungen im Phospholipid- und Energiestoffwechsel bei unbehandelter Schiziphrenie : eine 31-Phosphor-MR-Sprektroskopie (2D-CSI) Studie /." 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017106447&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textBooks on the topic "2D Phosphoru"
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Wang, Bing, Han Zhang, and Nasir Mahmood Abbasi. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Wang, Bing, Han Zhang, and Nasir Mahmood Abbasi. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture. CRC Press LLC, 2021.
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Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Wang, Bing, Han Zhang, and Nasir Mahmood Abbasi. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Gutiérrez, Orlando M. Fibroblast growth factor 23, Klotho, and phosphorus metabolism in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0119.
Full textAbstract:
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho have emerged as major hormonal regulators of phosphorus (P) and vitamin D metabolism. FGF23 is secreted by bone cells and acts in the kidneys to increase urinary P excretion and inhibit the synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and in the parathyroid glands to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone. Phosphorus excess stimulates FGF23 secretion, likely as an appropriate physiological adaptation to maintain normal P homeostasis by enhancing urinary P excretion and diminishing intestinal P absorption via lower 1,25(OH)2D. The FGF23 concentrations are elevated early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be a primary initiating factor for the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in this setting. Klotho exists in two forms: a transmembrane form and a secreted form, each with distinct functions. The transmembrane form acts as the key co-factor needed for FGF23 to bind to and activate its cognate receptor in the kidneys and the parathyroid glands. The secreted form of Klotho has FGF23-independent effects on renal P and calcium handling, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. Disturbances in the expression of Klotho may play a role in the development of altered bone and mineral metabolism in early CKD. In addition, abnormal circulating concentrations of both FGF23 and Klotho have been linked to excess cardiovascular disease, suggesting that both play an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health.
Book chapters on the topic "2D Phosphoru"
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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Black Phosphorus." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 117–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-4.
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Zhang, Han, Nasir Mahmood Abbasi, and Bing Wang. "2D Form of Black Phosphorus." In Semiconducting Black Phosphorus, 23–100. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217145-3.
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Zhang, Han, Nasir Mahmood Abbasi, and Bing Wang. "3D Structures Based on 2D BP." In Semiconducting Black Phosphorus, 117–53. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217145-5.
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Zhang, Han, Nasir Mahmood Abbasi, and Bing Wang. "General Overview of 2D Black Phosphorus." In Semiconducting Black Phosphorus, 1–11. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217145-1.
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Ahmed, Taimur, and Sumeet Walia. "Chapter 2. Defect Engineering in Layered Black Phosphorus for Multi-Functional Optoelectronics." In Anisotropic 2D Materials and Devices, 33–52. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839162909-00033.
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Yang, Hongyan, Yunzhen Wang, Z. C. Tiu, Libo Yuan, and Han Zhang. "Black phosphorus: device and application." In 2D Materials for Nanophotonics, 139–63. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818658-9.00005-3.
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A. Kharadi, Mubashir, Gul Faroz A. Malik, and Farooq A. Khanday. "Photo-Detectors Based on Two Dimensional Materials." In Photodetectors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95559.
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2D materials like transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous, silicene, graphene are at the forefront of being the most potent 2D materials for optoelectronic applications because of their exceptional properties. Several application-specific photodetectors based on 2D materials have been designed and manufactured due to a wide range and layer-dependent bandgaps. Different 2D materials stacked together give rise to many surprising electronic and optoelectronic phenomena of the junctions based on 2D materials. This has resulted in a lot of popularity of 2D heterostructures as compared to the original 2D materials. This chapter presents the progress of optoelectronic devices (photodetectors) based on 2D materials and their heterostructures.
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Yang, Jiong, and Yuerui Lu. "Black phosphorus: Light-matter interactions and potential applications." In 2D Materials for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications, 159–73. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102637-3.00006-1.
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Thambiratnam, Kavintheran, Norazriena Yusoff, Siti Aisyah Reduan, Muhamad Zharif Samion, Shok Ing Ooi, and Harith Ahmad. "Two-Dimensional Materials for Advancement of Fiber Laser Technologies." In Photonic Materials: Recent Advances and Emerging Applications, 177–213. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049756123010013.
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Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, chalcogenides, topological insulators, black phosphorus, and MXenes have of late become the focus of intense research efforts due to the excellent and unique optoelectrical properties these materials possess. This is due to the unique properties these materials possess, such as tunable bandgaps, high mobility in the energy bandgap, third-order nonlinearity, and nonlinear absorption that can be tailored to suit the specific needs of different optical applications. These properties have allowed for the development of fiber optic-based pulsed laser systems with better integration and flexibility capabilities as well as improved performance as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this chapter, the development of optical fiber pulsed lasers that incorporate selected 2D materials, particularly 2D chalcogenides that encompass metal monochalcogenides (MMs), and traditional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and MXenes is reviewed. This chapter will cover the fundamental aspects of the aforementioned materials, the operating principles of Q-switching and mode-locking, and the configuration of these 2D materials as saturable absorbers (SAs). The main section of this chapter will focus on the current status of the development of Q-switched and mode-locked optical fiber laser systems using 2D material-based SAs. Finally, the chapter will explore the perspectives and challenges on the future of the potential applications of these 2D materials in pulsed optical systems.
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Hlali, Aymen, and Hassen Zairi. "Non-Reciprocal Series-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Based on Graphene-Black Phosphorus for THz Applications Using the Iterative Method." In Handbook of Research on 5G Networks and Advancements in Computing, Electronics, and Electrical Engineering, 165–80. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6992-4.ch006.
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Two-dimensional materials have already demonstrated their potential in electronic applications. In this chapter, the authors propose and investigate a non-reciprocal series-fed microstrip patch antenna array based on graphene-black phosphorus for THz applications. The modeling and simulation of this structure are made with the wave concept iterative process method, in which the 2D materials are incorporated as conductive surface boundaries. Combining the advantages of graphene and BP, the antenna exhibits both strong anisotropic and plasmon responses that are not available in either individual graphene or black phosphorus layer. The authors envision that this strategy of hybridization of graphene and BP may pave the way towards non-reciprocal plasmonic components with enhanced functionalities at THz band with important applications in imaging and communications.
Conference papers on the topic "2D Phosphoru"
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Liu, Chang-Hua. "Black phosphorus optoelectronics for mid-infrared silicon photonics." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices IV, edited by Arka Majumdar, Carlos M. Torres, and Hui Deng. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2578209.
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Peng, Ruoming, Kaveh Khaliji, Nathan Youngblood, Roberto Grassi, Tony Low, and Mo Li. "Mid-infrared electro-optic modulation in few-layer black phosphorus (Conference Presentation)." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices, edited by Arka Majumdar, Xiaodong Xu, and Joshua R. Hendrickson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294528.
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Audhkhasi, Romil, and Michelle L. Povinelli. "Enhanced light trapping in the mid-infrared using gold-black phosphorus nanostructured absorbers." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices IV, edited by Arka Majumdar, Carlos M. Torres, and Hui Deng. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576932.
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Islam, Arnob, Jaesung Lee, and Philip X. L. Feng. "All-electrical transduction of black phosphorus tunable 2D nanoelectromechanical resonators." In 2018 IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2018.8346740.
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Ang, Kah-Wee, Zhi-Peng Ling, and Juntao Zhu. "Next generation field-effect transistors based on 2D black phosphorus crystal." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2015.7252075.
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Tan, Dezhi, Yuhei Miyauchi, and Kazunari Matsuda. "GeSe/MoS2 heterojunction diode for optoelectronic applications." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.7a_a404_8.
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Heterostructure engineering of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials offers an exciting opportunity to take advantage of each building block for fabricating new electronic and optical devices. The p-n junction diode constructed by heterostructures of 2D layered materials (e.g., MoS2/WSe2, MoS2/black phosphorus,) have been demonstrated to be excellent candidates for high-sensitive photodetectors with broad spectral response [1,2]. Recently, IV family monochalcogenides (e.g., GeS and GeSe) have been introduced as a new member of 2D material family and attracted much attention for the highly sensitive photodetector applications. The p-type semiconductor 2D GeSe has an orthorhombic structure with the band gap at around 1.1 eV. Accompanied by its strong light absorption property, the GeSe shows high-potential working as a photodetector with a broadband response from ultra-violate to near-infrared spectral regions [3]. By stacking n-type MoS2 and p-type GeSe, the formation of heterojunction diode is highly promising with unique optoelectronic properties.
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Eo, Yun Jae, Hoo Keun Park, and Young Rag Do. "2D TiO2 photonic crystal-assisted Y3Al5O12:Ce ceramic-plate phosphor and free-standing red film phosphor for white LEDs." In 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2015.7389008.
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Pareek, Vivek, Bala Murali Krishna Mariserla, Andrew Winchester, Julien Madéo, and Keshav M. Dani. "1D and 2D like Exciton-Exciton Interactions in Atomically Thin Black Phosphorus." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fw3m.6.
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Xu, Xianfan. "Black phosphorus: a novel 2D material and its photonics applications (Conference Presentation)." In Synthesis and Photonics of Nanoscale Materials XV, edited by Andrei V. Kabashin, Jan J. Dubowski, David B. Geohegan, and Linyou Cao. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286329.
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Fadil, Dalal, Gustavo E. Lara, Monica Michel, Alberto Delgado, Christopher Gaytan, and Anupama B. Kaul. "Properties of 2D layered crystals: MoS2, NbSe2 and black phosphorus." In 2015 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phosst.2015.7248163.
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