Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2D materials, Sensors, Wearables

Academic literature on the topic '2D materials, Sensors, Wearables'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "2D materials, Sensors, Wearables"

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Zazoum, Bouchaib, Abdel Bachri, and Jamal Nayfeh. "Functional 2D MXene Inks for Wearable Electronics." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 6603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216603.

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Inks printing is an innovative and practicable technology capable of fabricating the next generation of flexible functional systems with various designs and desired architectures. As a result, inks printing is extremely attractive in the development of printed wearables, including wearable sensors, micro supercapacitor (MSC) electrodes, electromagnetic shielding, and thin-film batteries. The discovery of Ti3C2Tx in 2011, a 2D material known as a MXene, which is a compound composed of layered nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides of transition metals, has attracted significant interest within the research community because of its exceptional physical and chemical properties. MXene has high metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides combined with hydrophilic behavior due to its surface terminated functional groups, all of which make it an excellent candidate for promising inks printing applications. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of 2D MXene inks, including synthesis procedures, inks formulation and performance, and printing methods. Further, the review briefly provides an overview of future guidelines for the study of this new generation of 2D materials.
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Wang, Yi, Tong Li, Yangfeng Li, Rong Yang, and Guangyu Zhang. "2D-Materials-based Wearable Biosensor Systems." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110936.

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As an evolutionary success in life science, wearable biosensor systems, which can monitor human health information and quantify vital signs in real time, have been actively studied. Research in wearable biosensor systems is mainly focused on the design of sensors with various flexible materials. Among them, 2D materials with excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties provide the expected characteristics to address the challenges of developing microminiaturized wearable biosensor systems. This review summarizes the recent research progresses in 2D-materials-based wearable biosensors including e-skin, contact lens sensors, and others. Then, we highlight the challenges of flexible power supply technologies for smart systems. The latest advances in biosensor systems involving wearable wristbands, diabetic patches, and smart contact lenses are also discussed. This review will enable a better understanding of the design principle of 2D biosensors, offering insights into innovative technologies for future biosensor systems toward their practical applications.
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Radhakrishnan, Sithara, Seetha Lakshmy, Shilpa Santhosh, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Brahmananda Chakraborty, and Chandra Sekhar Rout. "Recent Developments and Future Perspective on Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Based on 2D Materials." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070467.

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Diabetes is a health disorder that necessitates constant blood glucose monitoring. The industry is always interested in creating novel glucose sensor devices because of the great demand for low-cost, quick, and precise means of monitoring blood glucose levels. Electrochemical glucose sensors, among others, have been developed and are now frequently used in clinical research. Nonetheless, despite the substantial obstacles, these electrochemical glucose sensors face numerous challenges. Because of their excellent stability, vast surface area, and low cost, various types of 2D materials have been employed to produce enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensing applications. This review article looks at both enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensors made from 2D materials. On the other hand, we concentrated on discussing the complexities of many significant papers addressing the construction of sensors and the usage of prepared sensors so that readers might grasp the concepts underlying such devices and related detection strategies. We also discuss several tuning approaches for improving electrochemical glucose sensor performance, as well as current breakthroughs and future plans in wearable and flexible electrochemical glucose sensors based on 2D materials as well as photoelectrochemical sensors.
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Lu, Wengang, Beenish Mustafa, Zhiyuan Wang, Fuzhuo Lian, and Geliang Yu. "PDMS-Encapsulated MXene@Polyester Fabric Strain Sensor for Multifunctional Sensing Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050871.

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Flexible strain sensors based on 2D materials have been proven effective for wearable health monitoring devices, human motion detection, and fitness applications. These sensors are flexible, light, and user-friendly, but their sensitivity and detection range need to be enhanced. Among many 2D materials, MXene attracts much interest due to its remarkable properties, such as high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, flexibility, and good hydrophilicity. However, it is a challenge to fabricate strain sensors with extreme sensitivity and a wide sensing range. In this work, a multifunctional, cost-effective, and highly sensitive PDMS-encapsulated MXene@polyester fabric strain sensor was fabricated. Firstly, complete adsorption of MXene within the fabric formed conductive networks, and then PDMS was used to endow superhydrophobicity and corrosion resistance. The strain sensor demonstrated multifunctional applications and outstanding performance, such as long-term stability (over 500 cycles) and a wide sensing range (8%). The proposed sensor has promising potential for wearable electronic devices such as health monitoring systems and physiological sensing applications.
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Tran, Vy Anh, Nguyen Tien Tran, Van Dat Doan, Thanh-Quang Nguyen, Hai Ha Pham Thi, and Giang N. L. Vo. "Application Prospects of MXenes Materials Modifications for Sensors." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020247.

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The first two-dimensional (2D) substance sparked a boom in research since this type of material showed potential promise for applications in field sensors. A class of 2D transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides are referred to as MXenes. Following the 2011 synthesis of Ti3C2 from Ti3AlC2, much research has been published. Since these materials have several advantages over conventional 2D materials, they have been extensively researched, synthesized, and studied by many research organizations. To give readers a general understanding of these well-liked materials, this review examines the structures of MXenes, discusses various synthesis procedures, and analyzes physicochemistry properties, particularly optical, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties. The focus of this review is the analysis of modern advancements in the development of MXene-based sensors, including electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, optical sensors, and wearable sensors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further study on the creation of MXenes-based sensors are discussed.
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Radhakrishnan, Sithara, Minu Mathew, and Chandra Sekhar Rout. "Microfluidic sensors based on two-dimensional materials for chemical and biological assessments." Materials Advances 3, no. 4 (2022): 1874–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00929j.

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Hu, Luhing, Beom Jin Kim, Seunghyeon Ji, Juyeong Hong, Ajit K. Katiyar, and Jong-Hyun Ahn. "Smart electronics based on 2D materials for wireless healthcare monitoring." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 4 (December 2022): 041308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104873.

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The demand for wearable electronics in the fields of human healthcare monitoring and disease diagnosis has significantly increased in recent years. In particular, there is a need for light-weight, skin-friendly, soft elastic devices that can attach comfortably to human skin and communicate information via the Internet of Things. Rigorous research has been carried out to find new materials and device designs that can meet the challenging demands of skin-mountable devices. The emergence of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials with exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, and low cytotoxicity has facilitated the fabrication of low-dimensional electronic devices on flexible/stretchable platforms that can be easily integrated into the human body. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research progress on 2D material-based wearable sensors that are proposed for a wide range of applications including human health monitoring. Several potential applications based on wearable electronic devices have already been well established and documented, while many others are at a preliminary stage. Based on current research progress, the challenges and prospects toward commercial implementation of such clinical sensors are also discussed.
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Ismail, Siti Nor Ashikin, Nazrul Anuar Nayan, Muhammad Aniq Shazni Mohammad Haniff, Rosmina Jaafar, and Zazilah May. "Wearable Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Flexible Sensors for Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Review." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050852.

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Flexible sensors have been extensively employed in wearable technologies for physiological monitoring given the technological advancement in recent years. Conventional sensors made of silicon or glass substrates may be limited by their rigid structures, bulkiness, and incapability for continuous monitoring of vital signs, such as blood pressure (BP). Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have received considerable attention in the fabrication of flexible sensors due to their large surface-area-to-volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, cost effectiveness, flexibility, and light weight. This review discusses the transduction mechanisms, namely, piezoelectric, capacitive, piezoresistive, and triboelectric, of flexible sensors. Several 2D nanomaterials used as sensing elements for flexible BP sensors are reviewed in terms of their mechanisms, materials, and sensing performance. Previous works on wearable BP sensors are presented, including epidermal patches, electronic tattoos, and commercialized BP patches. Finally, the challenges and future outlook of this emerging technology are addressed for non-invasive and continuous BP monitoring.
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Williams, Chris, and Shideh Kabiri Ameri. "(Digital Presentation) Fully Integrated Strain-Neutralized 2D Transistors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 62 (October 9, 2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02622295mtgabs.

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As performant and well-established as conventional silicon-based electronics have become, the era of wearable electronics and the Internet-of-Things has created a demand for robust electronic devices that can conform to the surfaces of the human body. Whereas the mechanical mismatch between rigid silicon electronics and the human body represents a fundamental limit to conventional non-invasive health sensing, wearable electronics and electrodes that can conform to the microscopic features of the skin1,2 can circumvent most of the motion artifacts inherent to conventional, rigid sensing devices, and facilitate continuous health monitoring as is required for modern, more proactive healthcare. Unfortunately, without addressing this fundamental mechanical incompatibility, devices that leverage the high density of transistors available in rigid silicon-based integrated circuits are handicapped by how well they can maintain contact with the body, and consequently are prone to failure at the sensor-circuit interface. The extraordinary properties of two-dimensional materials pose a unique opportunity for addressing this mechanical mismatch. Their unusual mechanical strength combined with their ultimate thinness, optical transparency, and favorable electronic transport properties3 makes them ideal candidates for the next generation of highly conformable wearable electronics free of the constraints of a rigid silicon circuit board—however, minimizing local strain in the vicinity of the active devices to ensure reliable operation remains a priority. Using a design informed by finite element method (FEM) simulations, our proposed strain-neutralizing 2D transistors are configured to resist applied strains on the order of the 30% strains human skin can withstand by redistributing strain away from active regions. Tight binding simulations of the transistor channels helps with further compensation of residual strain in the active regions, alongside careful consideration of materials and device architecture during fabrication. Together, these considerations help realize the possibility of fully integrated strain-neutralized 2D transistors compatible with state-of-the-art conformable wearable sensors. [1]S. Kabiri Ameri et al., “Graphene electronic tattoo sensors,” ACS Nano, 11, 7634–7641, 2017. [2] S. Kabiri Ameri et al., “Imperceptible electrooculography graphene sensor system for human–robot interface”, npj 2D Materials and Applications, 2, 1-7, 2018. [3] A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “The electronic properties of graphene,” Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 109–162, Jan. 2009, doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109.
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Rezk, Ayman, Laith Nayfeh, and Ammar Nayfeh. "Fabrication of MoS2 Biosensor By Chemical Exfoliation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532220mtgabs.

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The marriage between nanotechnology and sports is here [1]. We see it in new materials for tennis racquets, to balls, and to goal line technology to name a few [2]. One area that has amazing potential are wearable biosensors to improve the health and stamina of world class athletes [3]. In soccer (football) for example, some of the best athletes in world run almost 10 km during a match so keeping track of their health is very important. These real time bio signals while playing can help to avoid injuries and help long term longevity. The wearables sensors should stick to the athletes’ body seamlessly and not affect their play or performance. This can be done with new nanomaterials and devices. In this work, we use a 2D material, 1.3 nm thick MoS2 nano-flakes, to fabricate a bio sensor that can detect changes in temperature. The chemically exfoliated MoS2 nano-flakes are drop casted on a lightly P doped Si substrate. 50 nm thick Au metallization layer is deposited on both the back of the substrate and top of MoS2. Followed by another metallization layer using a shadow mask to pattern the top contacts. Finally, silver paste is applied to the back contact before mounting it on a gold-coated steel disc. The sensor is then placed on a hot plate and connected to a probe station where the steel plate is grounded, while the top contact voltage is swept from -5 to 5 V. The IV characteristics are measured from 30 oC to 120 oC with 5 oC increments. The collected IV plots from the sensor shows better responsivity and higher current response compared to the control sample with no MoS2. We then tested the current flow as function of temperature to detect changes. This simple design with nanotechnology and 2D materials will be fabricated next on flexible substrates and made into wearable device. This is perfect for world class athletes to detect sudden changes in bio-temp and send real time bio-signals to health care professionals. Finally, the use of bio sensor for athletes will become mainstream soon, help athletes stay healthy and avoid injuries. The use nanotechnology, and nanomaterials will be the key enabler of this. The results here show that 2D materials, like MoS2 are promising for future low cost wearable biosensors. Bibliography [1] M. P. Sadaf Abbasi, S. Nizamuddin and N. M. Mubarak, "Chapter 25 - Functionalized nanomaterials for the aerospace, vehicle, and sports industries," Micro and Nano Technologies, pp. 795-825, 2020. [2] L. P. d. Costa, "Chapter 14 - Engineered nanomaterials in the sports industry,," In Micro and Nano Technologies, Handbook of Nanomaterials for Manufacturing Applications,, pp. 309-320,, 2020. [3] J. Kim, A. Campbell and B. e. a. de Ávila, "Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring," Nat Biotechnol, no. 37, p. 389–406, 2019. Figure 1
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2D materials, Sensors, Wearables"

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Fashandi, Hossein. "Novel Layered and 2D Materials for Functionality Enhancement of Contacts and Gas Sensors." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tillämpad sensorvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131474.

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Chemical gas sensors are widely-used electronic devices for detecting or measuring the density levels of desired gas species. In this study, materials with established or potential applications for gas sensors are treated. For the case of high-temperature applications (≈ 600 °C), semiconductor-based gas sensors suffer from rapid oxidation of the metallic ohmic contacts, the same cause-of-failure as for the general case of high-temperature semiconductor electronics. 4H-SiC is an ideal semiconductor for high-temperature applications. Ti3SiC2 is a known ohmic contact to 4H-SiC with the known two-step synthesis process of post-annealing of pre-deposited Ti/Al multilayers or sputter-deposition of Ti3SiC2 films at > 900 °C. Here, sputter-deposition of Ti on 4H-SiC at > 900 °C is presented as a novel single-step method for the synthesis of Ti3SiC2 ohmic contacts, based on a concurrent reaction between sputter-deposited Ti and 4HSiC. Ti3SiC2, similar to any other known ohmic contact, degrade rapidly in high-temperature oxidizing ambient. To try to overcome this obstacle, noble metal diffusion into Ti3SiC2 has been s studied with the goal to retain ohmic properties of Ti3SiC2 and harnessing oxidation resistivity of noble metals. A novel exchange intercalation between Ti3SiC2 and Au is discovered which results in the almost complete exchange of Si with Au giving rise to novel Ti3AuC2 and Ti3Au2C2. Ti3IrC2 is also synthesized through exchange intercalation of Ir into Ti3Au2C2. All the aforementioned phases showed ohmic properties to 4H-SiC. This technique is also studied based on Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 resulting in the synthesis of novel Ti2Au2C and Ti3Au2C2, respectively. Using Ti3AuC2 and an Au/IrOx capping layer, an ohmic contact was manufactured, which maintained ohmic properties and showed no structural defects after 1000 h of aging at 600 °C air. Ti3SiC2 is a member of a large family of materials known as Mn+1AXn phases. While exchange reactions of Si (or Al) planes in Ti3SiC2 (Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2) is presented here, a world-wide research already exists on chemical removal of the same atomic planes from different Mn+1AXn phases and the synthesis of Mn+1Xn sheets known as MXenes. I performed a theoretical study regarding simulation of electronic and structural properties of more than120 different possible MXene phases. The results show that some MXene phases, when terminated by particular gas species, turn into Dirac materials. That is, they possess massless Dirac fermions with different properties compared to graphene such as higher number of Dirac points at the Fermi level, giant spin orbit splitting, and preserved 2D-type electronic properties by extending the dimensionality. The general substantial change of the electronic properties of MXenes under different gas adsorption configurations stands out and can thus be harnessed for sensing applications. Growth of monolayer iron oxide on porous Pt sensing layers is another novel approach used in this study for applying the unique properties of 2D materials for gas sensors. A low temperature shift in CO oxidation characteristics is presented. The approach is similar to that previously reported using bulk single crystal Pt substrate, the latter being an unrealistic model for sensors and catalysts. Monolayer-coated Pt sensing layers were fabricated as the metal component of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor device, whereby the electrical response of the MOS device could be used to map out the catalytic properties of the sensing layer. The monolayer-coated Pt surface showed to be stable with retained improved catalytic properties for > 200 h. The MOS device measurements are here utilized as a handy method for in-situ monitoring of the surface chemical properties of the monolayer-coated Pt and the approach is highly functional for use and characterization of monolayer coatings of widely used sensingor catalytic layers.
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Torres, Alonso Elías. "Scalable processing and integration of 2D materials and devices." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33456.

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Due to its truly two dimensional (2D) character and its particular lattice, single layer graphene (SLG) possesses exceptional properties: it is semimetallic, transparent, strong yet flexible ... Complementary features such as the insulating character of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and semiconducting properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) enable the whole spectrum of electronic devices to be built with combinations of these 2D materials. Due to this and the ease of exfoliation with a sticky tape, a vast amount of research was sparked. The mechanical exfoliation method, however, is only suitable for novel or proof-of-concept devices. The trend nowadays in electronics is towards transparent, lightweight, flexible, embedded smart devices and sensors in everyday objects such as windows and mirrors, garments, windshields, car seats, parachutes...These demands are already met inherently by these new materials, thus the challenges remaining are within their synthesis, deposition and processing, where more scalable ways of production and device fabrication need to be developed. This thesis explores innovative approaches using established techniques that aim to bridge the gap between proof-of-concept devices and real applications of 2D materials in future commercial level technologies. Methods to create graphene and engineer its properties are employed with a special focus on scalability and adaptability towards the industry. These graphene materials have been processed using pioneering schemes to create different optoelectronic devices and sensors. The techniques employed here for synthesis, transfer and deposition, device processing and characterization of graphene and derivatives, are suitable for their use in large manufacturing and mass-production. Depending on the application envisaged, different materials are used and optimize in order to balance good performance, cost-effectiveness and suitability/scalability of the process for the specific target the device was designed for.
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Liu, Chen. "Advanced optical fibre grating sensors for biochemical applications." Thesis, Bangor University, 2019. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advanced-optical-fibre-grating-sensors-for-biochemical-applications(29757d94-bfe1-4d75-a4db-8563be1a056f).html.

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This thesis describes a detailed study of advanced fibre optic sensors and their applications for label-free biochemical detection. The major contributions presented in this thesis are summarised below. A self-assembly based in-situ layer-by-layer (i-LbL) or multilayer deposition technique has been developed to deposit the 2D material nanosheets on cylindrical fibre devices. This deposition technique is based on the chemical bonding associated with the physical adsorption, securing high-quality 2D materials coating on specific fibre cylindrical surface with strong adhesion as well as a prospective thickness control. Then a " Photonic-nano-bio configuration", which is bioprobes immobilised 2D-(nano)material deposited fibre grating, was built. 2D material overlay provides a remarkable analytical platform for bio-affinity binding interface due to its exceptional optical and biochemical properties. EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) and NHS (NHydroxysuccinimide) were used to immobilise bioprobes. This kind of configuration is considered to have many advantages such as: enhanced RI sensitivity, enrich immobilisation sites, improved binding efficiency, selective detection. Followed by this configuration, several label-free biosensors were developed. For example, graphene oxide coated dual-peak long period grating (GO-dLPG) based immunosensor has been implemented for ultrasensitive detection of antibody/antigen interaction. The GO-LPG based biosensor has been developed for label-free haemoglobin detection. Apart from biosensors, the black phosphorus (BP) integrated tilted fibre grating (TFG) has been proposed, for the first time, as BP-fibre optic chemical sensor for heavy metal (Pb2+ ions) detection, demonstrating ultrahigh sensitivity, lower limit of detection and wider concentration range. Ultrafast laser micromachining technology has been employed to fabricate long period grating (LPG) and microstructures on optical fibre. The ultrafast laser micromachined polymer optical fibre Bragg grating (POFBG) has been developed for humidity sensing, showing the significant improvement with the reduced response time.
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Ko, Hyunhyub. "Design of hybrid 2D and 3D nanostructured arrays for electronic and sensing applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22606.

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This dissertation presents the design of organic/inorganic hybrid 2D and 3D nanostructured arrays via controlled assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Two representative nanoscale building blocks such as carbon nanotubes (one-dimension) and metal nanoparticles (zero-dimension) are the core materials for the study of solution-based assembly of nanostructured arrays. The electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the assembled nanostructure arrays have been investigated for future device applications. We successfully demonstrated the prospective use of assembled nanostructure arrays for electronic and sensing applications by designing flexible carbon nanotube nanomembranes as mechanical sensors, highly-oriented carbon nanotubes arrays for thin-film transistors, and gold nanoparticle arrays for SERS chemical sensors. In first section, we fabricated highly ordered carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays by tilted drop-casting or dip-coating of CNT solution on silicon substrates functionalized with micropatterned self-assembled monolayers. We further exploited the electronic performance of thin-film transistors based on highly-oriented, densely packed CNT micropatterns and showed that the carrier mobility is largely improved compared to randomly oriented CNTs. The prospective use of Raman-active CNTs for potential mechanical sensors has been investigated by studying the mechano-optical properties of flexible carbon nanotube nanomembranes, which contain freely-suspended carbon nanotube array encapsulated into ultrathin (<50 nm) layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer multilayers. In second section, we fabricated 3D nano-canal arrays of porous alumina membranes decorated with gold nanoparticles for prospective SERS sensors. We showed extraordinary SERS enhancement and suggested that the high performance is associated with the combined effects of Raman-active hot spots of nanoparticle aggregates and the optical waveguide properties of nano-canals. We demonstrated the ability of this SERS substrate for trace level sensing of nitroaromatic explosives by detecting down to 100 zeptogram (~330 molecules) of DNT.
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Oikonomou, Antonios. "Novel nanocarbon based sensor platforms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.644522.

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In the present thesis, research work to tackle challenges such as large-scale integration, selectivity and low efficiency around different types of nanocarbon based sensors is performed. The findings of these studies are given in the form of peer-reviewed publications and conclusions with future recommendations proposed as a summary. The work focuses on three key sensors types, gas sensors, biosensors and photodetectors. The first key aspect is dielectrophoretic (DEP) deposition of nitrogen doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (N-SWCNTs) and it is used as a route to large-scale assembly of increased reactivity, and thus selectivity, gas sensors. Furthermore, suspended SWCNTs and few layer graphene (FLG) devices are fabricated through a novel process which results in increased surface area transducers and low resistance SWCNTs based devices. Moreover, biosensors face similar challenges to gas sensors with the addition that their selectivity needs to be engineered through the formation of a biomimetic interface due to the nature of the analytes they are destined to investigate. Non-covalent functionalization of graphene using self-assembled phospholipid membranes delivered in a controlled and precise manner by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) was demonstrated together with a high-speed fabrication process of bioassays onto patterned CVD graphene using a parallel tips system. Lastly, for the case of photodetectors, a SWCNT – nanoplasmonic system is proposed as a solution to the major issue of low quantum efficiency in low dimensionality materials. First, the performance of various geometries and arrangements of Au nanoparticles is explored by transferring a micromechanically exfoliated graphene flake onto them and studying the Raman enhancement that arises due to uncoupled and coupled near-fields. An increase of graphene Raman signal of 103 was observed for the areas suspended between two closely spaced dimers as a result of strong near field coupling when the polarisation of the incident light is parallel to the nanostructures axis. A large-scale integration of SWCNTs positioned in between the dimers using DEP is performed as a demonstration of the scalability of the system.
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Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF002/document.

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Le travail réalisé durant cette thèse s’est axé sur la compréhension des mécanismes de transport de charges impliqués dans l’électronique organique ainsi que sur l’ingénierie des propriétés semiconductrices d’interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides. Tout d’abord, l’origine intrinsèque des propriétés de transport de charges a été étudiée dans de petites molécules semiconductrices, similaires en structure chimiques, mais présentant des propriétés électriques nettement différentes. Puis, les propriétés électroniques de matériaux 2D ont été modulées à l’aide de monocouches auto-assemblées induisant des propriétés de dopage antagonistes. Enfin, des pérovskites hybrides ainsi que des petites molécules semiconductrices ont été utilisées comme matériaux actifs dans la détection d’oxygène et d’humidité, respectivement, formant alors des détecteurs à haute performance. L’ensemble de ces projets utilise les principes de la chimie supramoléculaire dans leur réalisation
The work realized during this thesis was oriented toward the comprehension of the charge transport mechanism involved in organic electronics, and on the engineering of the semiconducting properties of hybrid supramolecular interfaces. Firstly, the intrinsic origin of the charge transport properties was studied for two semiconducting small molecules which are similar in terms of chemical structure but exhibit different electrical properties. Secondly, the electronic properties of 2D material were modulated with the help of self-assembled monolayers inducing antagonist doping properties. Finally, hybrid perovskites and semiconducting small molecules were used as active materials in oxygen and humidity sensing respectively, forming high-performance sensors. All the project employed the principles of the supramolecular chemistry in their realisation
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Kedambaimoole, Vaishakh. "Wearable Sensors using Solution Processed 2D Materials." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4920.

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Wearable sensors, as the name implies, are devices that can be donned onto the body in order to continuously detect, monitor and analyze various signals generated by the subject and the immediate surroundings. Applications of these sensors span over the vast domains of healthcare, athletics, automation and robotics. Conventional wafer-based electronics are brittle and rigid. Wearable devices demand new materials that provide mechanical liberty in terms of flexibility and stretchability with superior functionalities. When the physical dimensions of materials are reduced to the nano scale regime, they exhibit remarkable change in their properties compared to their bulky counterparts. Most widely explored nano materials include 0D, 1D and 2D structures synthesized via advanced processing and chemical routes. The recent progress in nano materials and fabrication methodologies provide new routes to develop sensors that can be bent, stretched, twisted, compressed, or deformed into arbitrary shapes. My research work is focused on creative utilization 2D materials to develop wearable sensors with the aim of providing seamless user experience. Functionalized inks of 2D materials offer versatile fabrication methods like coating, printing, stamping and patterning for development of flexible sensors that are industrially scalable. Present thesis aims to provide insights into use of graphene and MXene inks for realization of novel wearable devices. Specific focus has been set on integration of solution processed graphene on fabric for e-textile applications, ultrathin graphene-based tattoo sensors for proximity sensing studies and skin conformal MXene tattoo for physiological sensing. As fabrication of next generation sensors for wearable applications pose their own unique challenges, my research work aims to deliver innovative methods to address these issues.
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Dhruva, Shirhatti Vijay. "Development of Graphene Based Sensors for Human Physiological Monitoring and Vacuum Measurement." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5412.

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Nanomaterials have emerged as a remarkable class of materials in recent years owing to their excellent electrical, chemical, and physical properties. The first two-dimensional (2D) material to be discovered, graphene, has been the torchbearer in this regard with its superlative properties and a strong impact on numerous technologies. Sensor technology is one such space where nanomaterials have brought an impressive facelift. A new genre of sensors was imperative in the biomedical field where the existing brittle and rigid wafer-based electronics have their limitations. The present talk describes my work accomplished in the synthesis of graphene and innovative device fabrication techniques, which has led to sensors that are highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and skin-conformal, notably preferred in biomedical sensing technology. These flexible wearable sensors see potential service in monitoring human physiological parameters, like heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, body de-hydration, limb movement, tactile sensing, and so on. These sensors have a direct impact on the well-being of the masses, especially considering the current crisis in healthcare systems. Another area identified for possible improvement using nanomaterials is the vacuum sensing technology in industrial applications, which has not seen significant improvement over a long period of time. Vacuum technology has far-reaching utilization in areas like medical equipment, water treatment and petrochemical plants, food and beverages industry, space technology, semiconductor industry, thin-film technology, nuclear and defense requirements, and so forth. The limitations of available vacuum measurement devices such as narrow operating range, large form factor, expensive and need for cascaded gauges can be addressed using the developed vacuum sensor based on graphene nanocomposite. This talk summarizes the research carried out towards the design and development of graphene-based sensors targeting the above-described domains. The work includes a graphene supercapacitor model-based strain sensor with high noise immunity for biomedical applications. A multifunctional piezoresistive sensor with graphene nanosheets with a focus on commercially viable wearable devices has been developed for vital biomonitoring requirements. Further, graphene nanocomposite with gas chemisorption property has been explored for vacuum pressure measurement for a broader scope of applications. The developed sensor prototypes based on graphene nanomaterial have given a fresh perspective in the field of sensor technology.
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Sakhuja, Neha. "Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors: Towards Development of Breath based Diagnostics." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4800.

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Breath based Diagnostics (BbD) can enable a paradigm shift in the Point-of-Care Diagnostic (PoCD) devices. Exhaled human breath has been demonstrated to contain over 2000 volatile organic and inorganic compounds, some of which report marked change in concentration under diseases conditions. A sensitive, selective, cost effective and portable gas sensing system could thus non-invasively diagnose multiple diseases from a single breath sample. However, there is a need to develop highly sensitive gas sensors with very low limit of detection (LLoD) down to ppb to ppt and high selectivity to meet this requirement. This thesis focuses on developing such gas sensors based on novel 2D nanomaterials and their hybrids while using a simple, scalable synthesis route. This is in contrast to the conventional choice of sensing materials (Metal Oxides, polymers, CNT’s etc.) and expensive fabrication methods. Here, we explored layered materials namely Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) and Layered Transition metal oxides (TMO) and their hybrids for the detection of Ammonia (NH3), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), three important constituents of exhaled breath. The synthesis of these layered materials was carried out at room temperature via the liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) technique using low boiling point solvents. This technique is attractive because it is simple, scalable and does not require sophisticated instrumentation. The key findings from this work can be summarized as follows. Layered Transition metal oxide (TMO) namely 2D MoO3 based devices demonstrated reasonable response to NH3 at room temperature but only down to 300 ppb which was not sufficient for our intended application. Further, we observed that the layered TMD’s WS2, WSe2 and its hybrid with Fe3O4 demonstrate remarkable ammonia sensing. WS2 demonstrated high sensitivity towards NH3 (detection down to 50 ppb) with fair selectivity but at an elevated operating temperature of 250oC. On the other hand, WSe2/fe3O4 hybrid-based devices demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and selectivity towards ammonia, that too at room temperature, with a 50 ppb LLoD. Another notable observation was the similar response of pristine WSe2 nanosheets towards NO2 as NH3. Hence, we enhanced the NO2 sensing performance of WSe2 based sensors by functionalizing their surface with noble metals such as Au and Pt using a simple wet chemical route. Interestingly, we obtained highly sensitive (down to 100 ppb) and selective response towards NO2 at room temperature. More importantly, the complete recovery to the original baseline without any external energy source was remarkable since it is known to be challenging. While exploring other inorganic TMO’s, we observed that 2D V2O5 based devices detect H2S non-selectively at 350oC and down to only 500 ppb. Further improvement in H2S sensing is helped by TMD’s again as we modified the surface of WS2 in such a manner that it suppressed NH3 sensing, by using low temperature microwave irradiation assisted synthesis technique. Thus, it demonstrated highly selective, sensitive, and prompt H2S detection, though at an elevated temperature of 250oC. Later, we observed that a novel material of this same class (1T-TiS2) could provide similar attributes at room temperature. This material was not investigated before for gas sensing; hence we conducted a theoretical study and presented a plausible mechanism based on vdW interaction, substantiating physisorption between adsorbate and adsorbent. Thus, this thesis investigates novel materials, hybrids, and methods for scalable production of ultrasensitive, selective, stable, and low-cost sensors for NH3, H2S and NO2, which can potentially find applications for field-usable breath-based diagnostics in the future
MHRD, DEITY, DST Nanomission through NNeTRA
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kumar, Rajat. "Studies on Layered Ternary Metal Chalcogenides: Electronic devices, Sensors and Electrocatalysis." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4931.

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Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained tremendous interest since the discovery of graphene in 2004 due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They have been used in various research fields like catalysis, electronic devices, sensors, photonics, spintronics, valleytronics, energy conversion and storage devices. Research work on 2D materials have been focused on mostly single element systems such as graphene, phosphorene, and binary systems such as MoS2, WS2. Exploration of other 2D materials with novel properties are essential for various studies. Ternary 2D materials have attracted attention recently due to the degrees of freedom provided by extra element that gives rise to tunability in physical properties via composition variation leading to fascinating electronic, optoelectronic, sensing and electrocatalytic properties. In this direction, the present thesis explores the multi-functional aspects of new ternary 2D-layered materials based on metal phosphochalcogenides (MnPX3, X: S, Se) and transition metal mixed chalcogenides (MoSe2(1-x)Te2x).
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Books on the topic "2D materials, Sensors, Wearables"

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2D Materials-Based Electrochemical Sensors. Elsevier, 2023.

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Lu, Yuerui. 2D Materials-Based NEMS Sensors and Actuators. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Kumar, Santosh, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Yadvendra Singh. 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Kumar, Santosh, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Yadvendra Singh. 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Kumar, Santosh, Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi, and Yadvendra Singh. 2d Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Das, Saptarshi. 2D Materials for Electronics, Sensors and Devices: Synthesis, Characterization, Fabrication and Application. Elsevier, 2022.

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Das, Saptarshi. 2D Materials for Electronics, Sensors and Devices: Synthesis, Characterization, Fabrication and Application. Elsevier, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "2D materials, Sensors, Wearables"

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Cernat, Andreea, Mihaela Tertiş, Luminiţa Fritea, and Cecilia Cristea. "Graphene in Sensors Design." In Advanced 2D Materials, 387–431. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119242635.ch10.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Fundamental Optical Properties of 2D Materials." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 41–85. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-2.

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Ghodrati, Maryam, Ali Mir, and Ali Farmani. "2D Materials/Heterostructures/Metasurfaces in Plasmonic Sensing and Biosensing." In Plasmonics-Based Optical Sensors and Detectors, 339–71. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003438304-12.

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Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Kumar, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Application of SPR Sensors for Clinical Diagnosis." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 243–73. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-8.

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Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Kumar, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Future Trends of Emerging Materials in SPR Sensing." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 275–312. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-9.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Introduction to Carbon Nanotube 2D Layer Assisted by Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 177–208. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-6.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Theoretical Design and Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Chemical Sensors Assisted by 2D Materials." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 87–115. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-3.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Black Phosphorus." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 117–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-4.

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Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev Kumar, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "Recent Trends of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) Material for SPR Sensors." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 209–42. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-7.

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Kumar Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev, Santosh Kumar, and Yadvendra Singh. "MXene as a 2D Material for the Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing." In 2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors, 153–75. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190738-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "2D materials, Sensors, Wearables"

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Sobolciak, Patrik, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Aisha Tanvir, and Igor Krupa. "Novel Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor based on 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0008.

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Stretchable and wearable strain-sensing devices are appropriate for motion detection, biomedical monitoring, human-machine interaction. These pressure sensors are working based on numerous electrophysical phenomena's such as piezoelectric, capacitive and piezoresistive reactions towards mechanical stretching. Piezoresistive sensors are highly favored due to their features like high sensitivity, fast response, easy fabrication and low energy requirement. They are generally fabricated using a suitable polymeric matrix and electrically conductive fillers, such as graphite, graphene or carbon nanotubes. MXenes are a relatively new family of (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides, produced by the selective chemical etching of “A” from MAXphases, where M is a transition metal, A is a group IIIA or IVA element and X is C or N. These nanomaterials are first reported in 2011 by the Gogotsi and Barsoum groups. These materials have received tremendous attention from the scientific community due to their excellent physiochemical properties, electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity. Herein, we report the preparation, characterization and piezoresistive individualities of semiconductive, electrospun mats composed of copolyamide 6, 10 and Ti3C2Tx. We observed that the relative resistance of the sensor increased with an increase in the Ti3C2Tx content, and the materials with higher electrical conductivity showcased a significantly higher sensitivity to applied pressure until reaching the percolation limit (font size can be increased).
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Aharonovich, Igor, Milos Toth, and Alexander S. Solntsev. "Quantum emitters in 2D materials." In Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications X, edited by M. Saif Islam, Achyut K. Dutta, and Thomas George. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303613.

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Yang, Eui-Hyeok. "1D and 2D materials, and flexible substrates." In Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications XI, edited by M. Saif Islam and Thomas George. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2515462.

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Jha, Ravindra Kumar, Neha Sakhuja, and Navakanta Bhat. "2D Nano Materials for CMOS compatible Gas Sensors." In 2019 34th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbmicro.2019.8919352.

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Kienitz, Paul, Andreas Bablich, Rainer Bornemann, and Peter G. Haring Bolívar. "Photonic mixer device (PMD) based on graphene for high-resolution 3D sensors." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices IV, edited by Arka Majumdar, Carlos M. Torres, and Hui Deng. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576775.

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Flores, Raquel, Ricardo Janeiro, and Jaime Viegas. "Integrated optical sensors for 2D spatial chemical mapping (Conference Presentation)." In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXI, edited by Gualtiero Nunzi Conti and Sonia M. García-Blanco. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252005.

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Mahmoud, Khaled, Seongchong Park, Seung-Nam Park, and Dong-Hoon Lee. "Imaging spectrophotometer for 2D spatially resolved measurements of spectral reflectance of materials." In Fifth Asia Pacific Optical Sensors Conference, edited by Byoungho Lee, Sang-Bae Lee, and Yunjiang Rao. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2184014.

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Eschen, Kevin, Julianna Abel, Rachael Granberry, and Brad Holschuh. "Active-Contracting Variable-Stiffness Fabrics for Self-Fitting Wearables." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7920.

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Self-fitting is the ability of a wearable, garment or body-mounted object to recover the exact shape and size of the human body. Self-fitting is highly desirable for wearable applications, ranging from medical and recreational health monitoring to wearable robotics and haptic feedback, because it enables complex devices to achieve accurate body proximity, which is often required for functionality. While garments designed with compliant fabrics can easily accomplish accurate fit for a range of body shapes and sizes, integrated actuators and sensors require fabric stiffness to prevent drift and deflection from the body surface. This paper merges smart materials and structures research with anthropometric analysis and functional apparel methodologies to present a novel, functionally gradient self-fitting garment designed to address the challenge of achieving accurate individual and population fit. This fully functional garment, constructed with contractile SMA knitted actuator fabrics, exhibits tunable %-actuation contractions between 4–50%, exerts minimal on-body pressure (≤ 1333Pa or 10 mmHg), and can be designed to actuate fully self-powered with body heat. The primary challenge in the development of the proposed garment is to design a functionally gradient system that does not exert significant pressure on part of the leg and/or remain oversized in others. Our research presents a new methodology for the design of contractile SMA knitted actuator garments, describes the manufacture of such self-fitting garments, and concludes with an experimental analysis of the garment performance evaluated through three-dimensional marker tracking.
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Moshizi, Sajad A., Shohreh Azadi, Andrew Belford, Shuying Wu, Zhao J. Han, and Mohsen Asadnia. "Using Advanced 2D Materials to Closely Mimic Vestibular Hair Cell Sensors." In 2021 21st International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers50396.2021.9495755.

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Park, Y. J., B. Seipel, and H. Holzmann. "Piezoelectret Based Energy Harvesting From Human Body Motions With Respect to Implementation of Self-Powering Wearable Devices." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67338.

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Abstract Energy harvesting from human body motion has been investigated extensively in the last two decades due to the increasing demand for Smart Wearables. Smart Wearables are beneficial in terms of daily monitoring of vital parameters and early recognition of diseases. However, continuous and close-meshed monitoring in daily life is often facing the obstacle of limited energy storage. Integrated sensors and electronics of Smart Wearables may be powered in a conventional manner by energy storage. But energy storage such as battery is subject to restrictions as limited lifetime and charging process. Thus, the development of self-powering Smart Wearables is highly promising. The conversion of human body motion into electrical energy is significant for the identification of medical application areas. Investigations on energy harvesting from human body motion is facing limitations such as low frequency range of body motion, low accelerations as well as wearing comfort. Numerous studies address the use of piezoelectric ceramics for energy harvesting. However, the high mass density and the high modulus of elasticity limit energy harvester designs based on piezoelectric ceramics to rather heavy wearables. In terms of lightweight designs, polymers such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) have been considered as functional materials in several researches but these materials are disadvantageous regarding energy efficiency. Auspicious functional materials for energy harvesting from body motion are piezoelectric electrets (piezoelectrets, also referred to as ferroelectrets) due to their high piezoelectric coefficients and low mass density. Piezoelectrets facilitate the implementation of lightweight energy harvester designs with high output power that is advantageous for applications in context of Smart Wearables. In particular, fluorethylpolypropylene (FEP) piezoelectrets with parallel-tunnel structures are promising generators for energy harvesting. Within the present work, a novel design of parallel-tunnel FEP energy harvester in 31-mode is introduced and validated by means of an experimental setup.
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